experiment 5-solar ray collector

Data Collection and Results

With Glass

Time (Min) Temperature (°C)

Absorber inlet Absorber outlet Water

0 24 24 25

1 26 25 25

2 26 26 25

3 27 27 25

4 27 27.5 25

5 27 28 25

6 27 29 25

7 27 29.2 25

8 27 29.8 25

9 27 30 25

10 27 30.5 25

11 27 31 25

12 27 31 25

13 27 31 25

14 27 31 26.5

15 27 31 27

Without Glass



0 26 30 26

1 26.5 30.2 26

2 27 30.8 26

3 27.2 31 26

4 27.2 31 26

5 27.5 32 26

6 27.9 32 26.2

7 28 32.3 26.2

8 28 32.6 26.5

9 28 33 26.7

10 28 33.1 26.7

11 28 33.1 26.9

12 28 33.1 27

13 28 33.1 27

14 28 33.1 27

15 28 33.1 27.2

Natural Air with Glass



0 26 29 59

1 30 29.2 58.5

2 50 31 58

3 53.9 36 56

4 54 38.5 56

5 54 40 55

6 54 42 54

7 54 43.5 53.5

8 54 46 53

9 55 46 52

10 55 46.8 52

11 54 48 51.5

12 54 48 51

13 54 48 51

14 53 48.5 50.5

15 53 49 50

Natural Air without Glass



0 40 45 61

1 49 45 61

2 56 46 59.5

3 57.5 48 59

4 57.5 49 58.5

5 57.5 50 58

6 56 51 57.5

7 56 51 56.5

8 55 52 56

9 54.5 52 55.5

10 54 52 55

11 54 52 55

12 53 52 54.5

13 52.5 52 54

14 52 52 53.5

15 52 52 53

With blower With Glass



0 54 44 62

1 53 46 61

2 57 47 60

3 56 48 59

4 55 49 58

5 55 50 57.8

6 55 51 57

7 55 51 56.5

8 54 52 56

9 54 52 55.5

10 53 52 54.5

11 53 51 54

12 52 51 53.5

13 50 51 53.5

14 49 51 53

15 48 51 52

With Blower Without Glass



0 37 47.5 60

1 50 45 62

2 55 44 61

3 55 44 59

4 54 44 58

5 53 45 57.5

6 53 45 56.5

7 52.5 45 56.5

8 52 45 55.5

9 52 45 55

10 52 45 55

11 51 44.5 54.5

12 51 44.5 54.5

13 59 44 54.5

14 48.5 44 54

15 48 44 54

The value of useful power, PN and efficiency for each condition for every minute.

Part A

With Glass:

Time(Min) Pn Efficiency

0 0 0

1 -418.6 3.49

2 0 0

3 418.6 3.49

4 209.3 1.74

5 418.6 3.49

6 837.2 6.98

7 920.92 7.67

8 1172.08 9.78

9 1255.8 10.47

10 1465.1 12.2

11 1674.4 13.95

12 1674.4 13.95

13 1674.4 13.95

14 1674.4 13.95

15 1674.4 13.95

Without Glass:


0 1674.4 13.95

1 1548.82 12.39

2 1590.68 13.26

3 1590.68 13.26

4 1590.68 13.26

5 1883.7 15.7

6 1716.26 14.3

7 1799.98 15

8 1925.56 16

9 2093 17.44

10 2134.86 17.8

11 2134.86 17.8

12 2134.86 17.8

13 2134.86 17.8

14 2134.86 17.8

15 2134.86 17.8

Part B

Natural Air with Glass:


0 1255.8 10.47

1 -334.88 2.79

2 -7953.4 -66.28

3 -7492.94 -62.44

4 -6488.3 54

5 -5860.4 48.8

6 -5023.2 41.86

7 -4395.3 36.6

8 -3767.4 31.4

9 -3767.4 31.4

10 -3432.52 28.6

11 -2511.6 20.93

12 -2511.6 20.93

13 -2511.6 20.93

14 -1883.7 15.70

15 -1674.4 14

Natural Air without Glass:


0 2093 17.44

1 -1674.4 14

2 -4186 34.88

3 -3976.7 33.14

4 -3558.1 29.65

5 -3139.5 26.16

6 -2093 17.44

7 -2093 17.44

8 -1225.8 10.47

9 -1046.5 8.72

10 -837.2 6.98

11 -837.2 6.98

12 -418.6 3.49

13 -209.3 1.74

14 0 0

15 0 0

With Blower and with Glass:


0 -4186 34.88

1 -2930.2 24.42

2 -4186 34.88

3 -3348 27.9

4 -2511.6 20.93

5 -2093 17.44

6 -1674.4 13.95

7 -1674.4 13.95

8 -837.2 6.98

9 -837.2 6.98

10 -418.6 3.49

11 -837.2 6.98

12 -418.6 3.49

13 418.6 3.49

14 837.2 6.98

15 837.2 6.98

With Blower and Without Glass:


0 3348.8 29.57

1 -2511.6 20.93

2 -4604.6 38.37

3 -4604.6 38.37

4 -3767.4 31.4

5 -3348.8 27.9

6 3348.8 27.9

7 -3139.5 26.16

8 -2930.2 24.42

9 -2930.2 24.42

10 -2930.2 24.42

11 -2720.9 22.67

12 -2720.9 22.67

13 -2093 17.44

14 -1883.7 15.7

15 -1674.4 14

Introduction

The solar ray collector is a solar collector that collects heat by absorbing sunlight. The heat energy

absorbed by the collector can be calculated from the volume flow and the difference in the water

temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the absorber, if the inlet temperature stays almost constant

by releasing energy to a reservoir. Solar power plants usually use the more complex collectors to

generate electricity by heating a fluid to drive a turbine connected to an electrical generator.. The

efficiency of the collector is determined from this. The measurement is made with various

collector arrangements and at various absorber temperatures.

Objective

To determine the efficiency of the solar ray collector under various experimental conditions;

Illumination with halogen lamp. Water temperature θe≈ 20°C.

a) Complete collector

b) Collector without glass plate

Illumination with halogen lamp. Water temperature θe ≈60°C.

a) Complete collector

b) Complete collector, cold jet of air impinges

c) Collector without glass plate

d) Collector without glass plate, cold jet of air impinges.

Equipment

Solar ray collector

Lab thermometer, -10..+100C

Lab thermometer, w. stem, -10..+110C

Circulating pump w. flowmeter

Power supply

Heat exchanger

Solar coll.stand

Immersion heater, 1000 W

Hot-/Cold air blower, 1000 W

Halogen lamp 1000 W

Tripod base

Support rod

Right angle clamp

Universal clamp

Glass beaker, tall, 2000 ml

Glass beaker, short, 5000 ml

Safety gas tubing

Measuring tape, l = 2 m

Stopwatch, digital, 1/100 sec

Connecting cord

Discussion

In this experiment. We study the efficiency for solar ray collector under various conditions.

Then, we also calculate the useful power, Pn and efficiency for each condition.the formulae for

the calculation are ‘PN = c · m · (θa – θe)’ and ‘u= PN/q x A. There are two parts that were conducted

during this experiment.

In the part A, we only use the halogen lamp as a heat source with the glass plate and without the

glass plate. From the observation we know that the efficiency is higher when the glass plate is

removed. This is due to the resistance for the heat of glass plate, which makes the heat harder to

transfer making the efficiency quite low compared to the efficiency when the glass plate is

removed.

For part B, we add an additional blower and set the temperature of the water to 60°C. From the

data and graph, we observed that with the blower and without the glass obtained the highest

efficiency, this is due to the external heat source which is the blower and without the resistance

which is the glass. The efficiency is also higher when the blower is used compared to the

efficiency using only natural air.

There are some errors that can be observes from this experiment. The first error is when reading

the temperature. The parallax error will occur when our eyes not parallel with the thermometer

reading. Second is temperature not exactly at 60 degrees in the initial of experiment part B. this

problem occurs because temperature drop rapidly when heat exchanger place in the water

reservoir. Lastly, the errors come when the halogen lamp not placed exactly 70 cm away from

the solar ray collector. This may effect due to difference in temperature.

Therefore, some precaution should be taken. Firstly, make sure eye already perpendicular when

taken the ready of thermometer. Then, temperature of water should be more than 60 degrees

before placing the heat exchanger in the water reservoir. Lastly, place the halogen lamp exactly

70 cm away from the solar ray collector.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the objective of this experiment is achieved by getting the specific value for

the efficiency and useful power which is logic in the state of engineering.

Alhamdulillah, with the guidance from the lecturer and the technician, the experiment had been

done successfully eventhough there are some problems have occurs. So, it can be assume that the

main objective for this experiment has been successfully achieved.

Graph

* The straight line represent useful power, Pn and the dotted line represent efficiency

With glass

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

Without Glass

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 160

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

Natural air with glass

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

Natural air without glass

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

With blower and with glass

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

-0.3

-0.25

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

With blower and without glass

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERINGLAB 1

EXPERIMENT: Solar Ray Collector

Name: Matric no

1.2.3.4.

Group: 1

Section: 1

experiment 5-solar ray collector

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