ab07 common collector pnp transistor characteristics ... · ab07 common collector pnp transistor...

AB07 Common Collector PNP Transistor Characteristics

Analog lab

Experiment board

Ver 1.0

QUALITY POLICY

To be a Global Provider of Innovative and Affordable Electronic Equipments for Technology Training by enhancing Customer Satisfaction based on Research, Modern manufacturing techniques and continuous improvement in Quality of the products and Services with active participation of employees.

An ISO 9001: 2000 company

94-101, Electronic Complex, Pardesipura INDORE-452010, India.

AB07

Tel.: 91-731-2570301 Fax: 91-731-2555643Email: [email protected] Web: www.scientech.bz

Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2

http://www.scientech.bz/

mailto:[email protected]

AB07


AB07

Common Collector PNP Transistor CharacteristicsAB07

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.Introduction 4

2. Theory 6

3.Experiment 9To study the characteristics of PNP transistorin common collector configuration and to evaluate Input resistance, Output resistance, and Current gain.

4.Datasheet 16

5.Warranty 18

6.List of Service Centers 19

7.List of Accessories with AB07 20


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INTRODUCTION

AB07 is a compact, ready to use Transistor Characteristics experiment board. This is useful for students to plot different characteristics of PNP transistor in common collector configuration and to understand various region of operation of PNP transistor. It can be used as stand alone unit with external DC power supply or can be used with SCIENTECH Analog Lab ST2612 which has built in DC power supply, AC power supply, function generator, modulation generator, continuity tester, toggle switches, and potentiometer.

List of Boards :

Model Name

AB01 Diode characteristics (Si, Zener, LED)AB02 Transistor characteristics (CB NPN)AB03 Transistor characteristics (CB PNP)AB04 Transistor characteristics (CE NPN)AB05 Transistor characteristics (CE PNP)AB06 Transistor characteristics (CC NPN)AB08 FET characteristicsAB09 Rectifier CircuitsAB10 Wheatstone BridgeAB11 Maxwell’s BridgeAB14 Darlington PairAB15 Common Emitter AmplifierAB16 Common Collector AmplifierAB17 Common Base AmplifierAB18 Cascode AmplifierAB19 RC-Coupled AmplifierAB20 Direct Coupled AmplifierAB21 Class a AmplifierAB22 Class B Amplifier (push pull emitter follower)AB23 Class C Tuned AmplifierAB25 Phase Locked Loop (FM Demodulator & Frequency

Divider / Multiplier)AB28 Multivibrator ( Mono stable / Astable)AB29 F-V and V-F ConverterAB30 V-I and I-V ConverterAB31 Zener Voltage RegulatorAB32 Transistor Series Voltage Regulator


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AB33 Transistor Shunt Voltage RegulatorAB41 Differential Amplifier (Transistorized)AB42 Operational Amplifier (Inverting / Non-inverting /

Differentiator)AB43 Operational Amplifier (Adder/Scalar)AB44 Operational Amplifier (Integrator/ Differentiator)AB45 Schmitt Trigger and ComparatorAB51 Active filters (Low Pass and High Pass)AB52 Active Band Pass Filter AB53 Notch Filter AB54 Tschebyscheff FilterAB56 Fiber Optic Analog LinkAB65 Phase Shift OscillatorAB66 Wien Bridge OscillatorsAB67 Colpitt OscillatorAB68 Hartley OscillatorAB80 RLC Series and RLC Parallel Resonance AB81 Kirchoff’s Laws (Kirchhoff’s Current Law & Kirchhoff’s

Voltage Law)AB82 Thevenin’s and Maximum power Transfer TheoremAB83 Reciprocity and Superposition TheoremAB84 Tellegen’s TheoremAB85 Norton’s theoremAB88 Diode ClipperAB89 Diode ClampersAB90 Two port network parameterAB91 Optical Transducer (Photovoltaic cell)AB92 Optical Transducer (Photoconductive cell/LDR)AB93 Optical Transducer (PhotoTransistor)AB96 Temperature Transducer (RTD & IC335)AB97 Temperature Transducer (Thermocouple)AB101 DSB Modulator and DemodulatorAB102 SSB Modulator and DemodulatorAB106 FM Modulator and Demodulator

………… and many more


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THEORY

Transistor characteristics are the curves, which represent relationship between different dc currents and voltages of a transistor. These are helpful in studying the operation of a transistor when connected in a circuit. The three important characteristics of a transistor are:

1. Input characteristic.

2. Output characteristic.

3. Constant current transfer characteristic.

Input Characteristic :

In common collector configuration, it is the curve plotted between the input current (IB) verses input voltage (VBC) for various constant values of output voltage (VEC).

This characteristic reveals that for fixed value of output voltage VEC, It is quite different from CB and CE configuration. This different is due to the fact that input voltage VBC is largely determined by the value of VEC. As the base to collector voltage increases, VBE is reduced thereby reducing IB. The approximated plot for input characteristic is shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 1


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Output Characteristic :

This is the curve plotted between the output current IE verses output voltage VCE for various constant values of input current IB.

The output characteristic has three basic region of interest as indicated in fig.2 the active region, cutoff region and saturation region.

In active region the collector base junction is reverse biased while the base emitter junction is forward biased. This region is normally employed for linear (undistorted) amplifier.

In cutoff region the collector base junction and base emitter junction of the transistor both are reverse biased. In this region transistor acts as an OFF switch.

In saturation region the collector base junction and base emitter junction of the transistor both are forward biased. In this region transistor acts as an ON switch.

Fig. 2


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Constant current transfer Characteristic :

This is the curve plotted between output emitter current IE verses input base current IB for constant value of output voltage VCE.

The approximated plot for this characteristic is shown in Fig 3.

Fig. 3


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EXPERIMENT

Objective :

To study the characteristics of PNP transistor in common collector configuration and to evaluate1. Input resistance2. Output resistance3. Current gain

Apparatus required :

1. Analog board of AB07.

2. DC power supplies +12V, -5V from external source or ST2612 Analog Lab.

3. Digital Multimeter (3 numbers).

4. 2 mm patch cords.

Circuit diagram :

Circuit used to plot different characteristics of transistor is shown in Fig 4.


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Fig. 4


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Procedure :

• Connect -5V and +12V dc power supplies at their indicated position from external source or ST2612 Analog Lab.

• To plot input characteristics proceed as follows :

1. Rotate both the potentiometer P1 and P2 fully in CCW (counter clockwise direction).

2. Connect Ammeter between test point 2 and 3 to measure input base current IB(uA).

3. Short or connect a 2mm patch cord between test point 4 and 5

4. Connect one voltmeter between test point 1 and ground to measure input voltage VCB and other voltmeter between test point 6 and ground to measure output voltage VCE.

5. Switch ON the power supply.

6. Vary potentiometer P2 and set a value of output voltage VCE at some constant value (4.5V, 5V, 5.5...)

7. Vary the potentiometer P1 so as to increase the value of input voltage VCB in step and measure the corresponding values of input current IB

for different constant value of output voltage VCE in an observation Table 1.

8. Rotate potentiometer P1 fully in CCW direction.

9. Repeat the procedure from step 6 for different sets of output voltage VEC.

10. Plot a curve between input voltages VBC and input current IB as shown in Fig 1 using suitable scale with the help of observation Table l. This curve is the required input characteristic.


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Observation Table 1 :

S.no.Input voltage

VBC

Input current IB(uA) at constant value ofoutput voltage

VEC = 4.5V VEC = 5V VEC =5.5V

1. 0.0V

2. 0.1V

3. 0.2V

4. 0.3V

5. 0.4V

6. 0.5V

7. 0.6V

8. 0.7V

9. 0.8V

10. 0.9V

• To plot output characteristics proceed as follows :

1. Switch OFF the power supply.


3. Connect voltmeter between test point 6 and ground to measure output voltage VEC.

4. Connect one Ammeter between test point 2 and 3 to measure input current IB(uA) and other Ammeter between test point 4 and 5 to measure output current IE(mA).


6. Vary potentiometer P1 and set a value of input current IB at some constant value (0uA i.e. input open circuit/remove ammeter between test point 2 and 3, 1uA, 2uA...)


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7. Vary the potentiometer P2 so as to increase the value of output voltage VEC from zero to maximum value in step and measure the corresponding values of output current IE for different constant value of input current IB in an observation table 2.

8. Rotate potentiometer P2 fully in CCW direction.

9. Repeat the procedure from step 6 for different sets of input current IB.

10. Plot a curve between output voltage VEC and output current IE as shown in Fig 2 using suitable scale with the help of observation table 2. This curve is the required output characteristic.


S.no.Output voltage

VCE

Output current IE (mA) at constant value ofinput voltage

IB = 0uA(open)

IB =10uA IB =20uA IB =30uA IB =40uA

1. 0.0V

2. 0.5V

3. 1.0V

4. 2.0V

5. 3.0V

6. 4.0V

7. 5.0V

8. 6.0V

9. 7.0V

• To plot constant current transfer characteristics proceed as follows:

1. Switch OFF the power supply.



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3. Connect voltmeter between test point 6 and ground to measure output voltage VCE.

4. Connect one Ammeter between test point 2 and 3 to measure input current IB (mA) and other Ammeter between test point 4 and 5 to measure output current IE (mA).


6. Vary potentiometer P2 and set a value of output voltage VCE at constant value.

7. Vary the potentiometer P1 so as to increase the value of input current IB in step and measure the corresponding values of output current IE

in an observation Table 3.

8. Plot a curve between output current IE and input current IB as shown in Fig 3 using suitable scale with the help of observation Table 3. This curve is the required Transfer characteristic.


S.no.Input

currentIB (uA)

Output current IE (mA) at constant output voltage

VEC = 3V

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.


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Calculations :

1. Input resistance: It is the ratio of change in the input voltage VBC to change in the input current IB at constant value of output voltage VEC

or it is the reciprocal of the slope obtained from the input characteristic.

Mathematically

To calculate input resistance determine the slope from the input characteristic curve obtained from observation Table 1. Reciprocal of this slope will give the required input resistance.

2. Output resistance: It is the ratio of change in the output voltage VEC

to change in the output current IE at constant value of input current IB

or it is the reciprocal of the slope obtained from the output characteristic.

Mathematically

To calculate output resistance determine the slope from the output characteristic curve obtained from observation Table 2. Reciprocal of this slope will give the required output resistance.

3. Current gain: It is the ratio of change in the output current IE to change in the input current IB at constant value of output voltage VEC

or it is the slope obtained from the constant current transfer characteristic. It is denoted by αac


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Mathematicallyαac = Slope of constant current transfer characteristic = ∆IE

∆IB

To calculate current gain, determine the slope from the constant current transfer characteristic curve obtained from observation Table 3. This slope is the required current gain.

Results :

Input resistance Rin = ________________

Output resistance Rout = ________________Current Gain αac = ______________


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DATASHEET


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AB07

WARRANTY

1) We guarantee the instrument against all manufacturing defects during 24 months from the date of sale by us or through our dealers.

2) The guarantee covers manufacturing defects in respect of indigenous components and material limited to the warranty extended to us by the original manufacturer, and defect will be rectified as far as lies within our control.

3) The guarantee will become INVALID.a) If the instrument is not operated as per instruction given in the

instruction manual. b) If the agreed payment terms and other conditions of sale are not

followed.c) If the customer resells the instrument to another party.d) Provided no attempt have been made to service and modify the

instrument.4) The non-working of the instrument is to be communicated to us

immediately giving full details of the complaints and defects noticed specifically mentioning the type and sr. no. of the instrument, date of purchase etc.

5) The repair work will be carried out, provided the instrument is dispatched securely packed and insured with the railways. To and fro charges will be to the account of the customer.

DESPATCH PROCEDURE FOR SERVICE

Should it become necessary to send back the instrument to factory please observe the following procedure:

1) Before dispatching the instrument please write to us giving fully details of the fault noticed.

2) After receipt of your letter our repairs dept. will advise you whether it is necessary to send the instrument back to us for repairs or the adjustment is possible in your premises.

Dispatch the instrument (only on the receipt of our advice) securely packed in original packing duly insured and freight paid along with accessories and a copy of the details noticed to us at our factory address.


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LIST OF SERVICE CENTERS

1. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.90, Electronic Complex Ph : (0731) 2570301Pardesipura, Email : [email protected] INDORE – 452010

2. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.First Floor, C-19, Ph : (011) 22157370, 22157371F.I.E., Patparganj Industrial Area, Fax : (011) 22157369DELHI – 110092 Email : [email protected]

3. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.New no.2, Old no.10, 4th street Ph : (044) 42187548, 42187549

Venkateswara nagar, Adyar Fax : (044) 42187549CHENNAI – 600025 Email : [email protected]

4. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 202/19, 4th main street Ph : (080) 51285011 Ganganagar, Fax : (080) 51285022 BANGALORE- 560032 Email : [email protected]. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

8,1st floor, 123-Hariram Mansion, Ph : (022) 56299457 Dada Saheb Phalke road, Fax : (022) 24168767 Dadar (East), Email : [email protected] MUMBAI –400014 6. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 988, Sadashiv Peth, Ph : (020) 24461673 Gyan Prabodhini Lane, Fax : (020) 24482403 PUNE – 411030 Email : [email protected]. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd SPS Apartment, 1st Floor Ph : +913355266800 2, Ahmed Mamoji Street, Email : [email protected]

Behind Jaiswal Hospital, Liluah, HOWRAH-711204 W.B.8. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd Flat No. 205, 2nd Floor, Ph : (040) 55465643 Lakshminarayana Apartments Email : [email protected] ‘C’ wing, Street No. 17, Himaytnagar, HYDERABAD- 500029


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LIST OF ACCESSORIES

1. 2mm Patch cord (red) .........................................................2 Nos.

2. 2mm Patch cord (black) ......................................................2 Nos.

3. 2mm Patch cord (blue) ........................................................1 Nos.


ab07 common collector pnp transistor characteristics ... · ab07 common collector pnp transistor...

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