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Examples of Clean Catalytic Technologies beingdeveloped in the Huber Research Group

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis

Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) is a technology for the direct conversion of solid biomass togasoline-range aromatics and olefins that is being developed in the Huber research group [2-8].CFP can produce aromatics and olefins from solid biomass including: wood, corn stover,bagasse, and energy crops. The aromatics can be used directly as petrochemicals or blended intogasoline as high octane components. Aromatics can be blended up to 25 wt% into gasoline. Theolefins can be sold as petrochemicals. The annual global market for aromatics and olefins is $400billion. Catalytic fast pyrolysis begins with pyrolysis of the solid biomass into anhydrosugarsfollowed by dehydration to form furanic compounds as shown in Figure 1. These oxygenatedspecies then enter the zeolite pores, undergoing a series of dehydration, decarbonylation andoligomerization reactions to form aromatics, olefins, CO, CO2 and water. Coke is formed fromseveral routes including homogeneous decomposition reactions of the oxygenates and catalytic

reactions inside the zeolite. Production of the desired aromatics is achieved by: (1) propercatalyst selection, (2) high heating rates to avoid unwanted thermal decomposition reactions, and(3) working at high catalyst to feed ratios.

Biofuels produced by pyrolysis technologies have been shown to have one-half to one-third thecapital cost compared with biofuels produced from gasification or fermentation technologies. Asthe Huber research group has shown, addition of a catalyst into the pyrolysis reactor can be usedto control the chemistry of the reactions that occur in pyrolysis process [2-8].

Some of the advantages of CFP compared to other technology include:

Products with greater energy density (BTX ~ 1.5x ethanol) Products with higher market value (2009 BTX price ~ 1.5x ethanol)

Products that have established markets and distribution infrastructure

An efficient fluidized-bed reactor/regenerator system similar to a refinery cracker

No process water consumption

No process hydrogen requirement

Low pressure operation with inexpensive catalysts

All process heat requirements supplied from input biomass

Well-established, easily scaled unit operations

Short reactor residence times (4 s vapor residence time)

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Figure 1 Proposed Reaction Scheme for Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis.

Key Publications from Huber Research Group on CFP:

2. Jungho Jae, Geoffrey A. Tompsett, Andrew J. Foster, Karl D. Hammond , Scott M. Auerbach,

W. Curtis Conner, Raul F. Lobo, and George W. Huber, The Shape Selectivity of ZeoliteCatalysts for Biomass Conversion, Journal of Catalysis (under review).

3. Jae, J.; Tompsett, G.A.; Lin, Y.C.; Carlson, T.R.; Shen, J.; Zhang, T.; Yang, B.; TaiyingWyman, C. E.; Conner, W. C.; and Huber, G.W.; Depolymerization of Lignocellulosic Biomassinto Fuel Precursors: Maximizing Carbon Efficiency by Combining Hydrolysis with Pyrolysis;Energy and Environmental Science, (2010), 3, 358-365.

4. Torren R. Carlson, Yu-Ting Cheng, Jungho Jae and George W. Huber, Production of GreenAromatics and Olefins by Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Wood Sawdust, Energy and EnvironmentalScience (in press) DOI: 10.1039/C0EE00341G.

5. Carlson, T. R.; Jae, J.; Lin, Y.C.; Tompsett, G. A. and Huber, G. W.; Catalytic Fast Pyrolysisof Glucose over ZSM-5, Journal of Catalysis (2010), 270(1), 110-124.

6. Carlson, T. R.; Jae, J.; and Huber, G. W.; Mechanistic Insights from Isotopic Studies ofGlucose Conversion to Aromatics Over ZSM-5, ChemCatChem, 1, 107-110 (2009).

7. Carlson, T. R.; Tompsett, G. A.; Conner, W. C.; and Huber, G. W.; Aromatic Production fromCatalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass-derived Feedstocks, Topics in Catalysis 52, 241-252 (2009).

8. Carlson, T.R.; Vispute, T.P.; and Huber, G.W.; Green Gasoline by Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of

Solid Biomass-derived Compounds, ChemSusChem, 1, 397-400 (2008).

Sumber: http://biofuels.che.wisc.edu/