exam review...exam review january 2020 grade 12 biology student here it is boys and girls, an exam...

Exam Review

January 2020

Grade 12 Biology Student

Here it is boys and girls, an exam is coming and you are no doubt studying hard and getting your brain in gear for the big day!

First of all, you should spend some time reviewing the following:

1. Unit Tests – these are good examples of the kind of multiple choice and written questions

that you may see on the exam

2. Quiz Cards – Use these valuable tools to sharpen your knowledge of details and to see where

you may have made mistakes in past “quiz like” situations

3. Notes – Hey, they have lots of information! Could be useful?

4. Assignments and Assorted Practice Activities – Also a good source of practice

questions Use this review sheet to help guide you through your studying. Listed below are a series of exam

worthy questions. Try them out. If you encounter difficulties or have any questions about the material in this review package ask a question in class or via email at [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Biology 40S Exam Review January 2020

Molecular Biology

1. Name 3 types of RNA involved in protein synthesis.

2. Name and describe the two processes involved in protein synthesis.


3. Name the lettered structures and numbered processes on the diagram below in the space provided.

A.

1.

B.

2.

C.

3.

D.

4.

E.

5.

F.

6.

G.

7.

H.

8.

I.

J.


4. Describe the process of replication in eukaryotic cells.


5. Where in the cell does transcription occur?

6. Describe transcription.

7. Where does translation occur?

8. What is a codon?


9. Describe translation.

10. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

11. Label the diagram below.


12. Who developed the model of DNA?

13. What is the DNA structure called?

14. Name the 4 bases found in DNA and the 4 bases in RNA.

15. What are 3 differences between DNA and RNA?

16. What scientist came up with the idea of transformation?

(Technically, which one came up with the idea, which one took credit for the idea and which one(s) confirmed the idea)


17. Give the complementary strand of DNA. 5’ – CCATTTAGGCATTAA – 3’

18. Transcribe and translate the following piece of DNA. 5’ – CCTGAGGCTAAGTTCGAA – 3’

Heredity

1. What is a Punnett Square used for?

2. What is the male gamete called? The female gamete?

3. What does diploid mean?

4. What does haploid mean?

5. An organism with two different alleles for a trait is called _____?

6. An organism with two of the same alleles is called ____?

7. The likelihood that an event will occur is called ___?


8. Explain the Law of segregation.

9. Explain the Law of independent Assortment.

10. Explain the Principle of Dominance.

11. Who came up with these 3 laws?

12. Genetic traits that are carried on the X or Y chromosome are called ___?

13. What is a frame shift mutation?

14. Describe the following chromosomal mutations: deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation, nondisjunction.


15. Describe what occurs in a) multiple allele traits b) polygenic traits

16. Describe the difference between dominance, co-dominance and incomplete dominance. Use Punnett Squares to prove your answer.


17. Trisomy 21 refers to a specific condition known as ___?

18. A diagram of chromosomes used to identify genetic disorders is called a __?

19. Explain the genetic basis of the human blood groups (A, B, AB and O) using Punnett Squares.

20. DNA is cut at specific sequences by what kind of enzymes?

21. What is a plasmid?

22. What technology is used to produce a DNA fingerprint?


23. How do plant and animal breeders use selective breeding?

24. Crossing individuals of similar characteristics to ensure these traits appear in the offspring is called __?

25. Define the following terms:

a. selective breeding

b. hybridization

c. inbreeding

d. mutagenesis

e. recombinant DNA


26. What are the steps of PCR?

Evolution

1. What is meant by the term fitness?

2. What is a homologous structure? Give an example.

3. What is an analogous structure? Give an example.

4. What is a vestigial structure? Give an example.


5. What is a fossil?

6. What type of rocks are fossils generally found in?

7. What is the difference between relative dating and absolute dating?

8. What is a half-life?

9. Explain the theories of punctuated equilibrium and gradualism. Include diagrams.

10. What is meant by the term evolution?


11. What role does variation play in natural selection?

12. What is natural selection? Describe three ways that natural selection influences populations.

13. How do the peppered moths of England show natural selection?

14. What is Lamark’s Theory of Use and Disuse?

15. What were the 3 main influences in Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection?


16. Define population, species and relative allele frequency.

17. Describe allopatric and sympatric speciation.

18. Distinguish between genetic drift, founder effect and bottleneck effect.


Classification

1. How does the system of binomial nomenclature work?

2. List the taxa in order from most general to most specific.

3. In the name Homo sapiens the species name is ____ and the genus name is ___.

4. Humans are in the kingdom ____.

5. What are the 3 Domains of Organisms?

6. What are the main characteristics of an organism in the Domain Archeabacteria? Where would you expect to find these species?


7. What are the main characteristics of the Domain Bacteria?

8. What are the characteristics of Domain Eukarya?

Bacteria, Protists and Fungi 1. Name and describe the 3 types of bacteria.

2. What role do bacteria play in the world?


3. Explain the process of conjugation.

4. Define the terms: autotroph, heterotroph, chemotroph, anaerobe, aerobe, and obligate anaerobe.

5. What is Amoebic Dysentery?

6. What are the characteristics of a Protist? Give 3 examples of protists.


7. What is the Endosymbiont Hypothesis?

8. What are the characteristics of Fungus?

9. What are hyphae?

10. What is the mycelium?


11. What are the two ways that fungus reproduces?

12. What is the role of fungus in nature?

Animals

1. Describe the 3 methods used for movement (types of skeletons) and give an example of an organism that uses each.

2. Describe 3 major trends in the evolution of the nervous system.


3. Describe how the digestive system changes from simple organisms to complex organisms in the kingdom Animalia.

4. Know the following information (info may come from notes or possible dissections):

a. Type of circulatory system (open or closed, and structure of the heart)


b. Type of digestion (inter/extra cellular, tube within a tube, etc.)

c. Description of the nervous system (nerve net, nerve cord, ganglia, brain with spinal cord, etc.)

exam review...exam review january 2020 grade 12 biology student here it is boys and girls, an exam...

Documents