exam 3 review. outline 1.exam logistics 2.quiz 13 discussion 3.exam review
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Exam 3 Review
![Page 2: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
1. Exam logistics
2. Quiz 13 Discussion
3. Exam Review
![Page 3: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Outline For Rest of Semester• Oct. 29th Chapter 9 (Earth)• Nov 3rd and 5th Chapter 9 and Chapter 10 (Earth and Moon)• Nov. 10th and 12th Mars, Venus, and Mercury• Nov. 17th and 19th Jupiter and Saturn• Nov 24th Uranus and Neptune• Nov 26th Thanksgiving• Dec. 1st - Exam 3• Dec. 3rd – Pluto, and the Kuiper Belt• Dec. 8th and 10th – Chapter 7 and 8 (Comparative Planetology
I and II)• Tuesday December 15th (7:30 am – 10:15 am) Final Exam
Final same format as other exams (on Blackboard in Testing Center).You may take the exam on Tuesday or Wednesday. Times TBD.
![Page 4: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• You may take on either Tuesday and Wednesday– Tuesday: 9am – 7:30pm– Wednesday: 9am and 6pm
• 50 questions.
• In the Testing and Tutoring Center in Sub II (Student Union Building II)
• Exam will be administered via Blackboard system.
Third Exam
![Page 5: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Study Suggestions
1. Re-take the quizzes. Don’t try to memorize, but make sure that you understand the concept and connect it to other questions and topics covered. Compare your notes about this with a peer.
2. Re-do 1. for the lecture problems.3. Look at questions in textbook. If any of them
look like questions I have asked on a quiz, try to answer the question.
4. Look at quiz question on textbook web page. If any of them look like questions I have asked on a quiz, try to answer the question.
![Page 6: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Example of identifying the concept
• You see a question that asks why type of energy transfer is important for a given situation.
• After answering the question, ask:– What are the other modes of energy transfer?– What are at least two examples of the two
other modes of energy transfer?– How do these modes apply to astronomy?
![Page 7: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Outline
1. Exam logistics
2. Quiz 13 Discussion
3. Exam Review
![Page 8: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Why do we think Uranus and Neptune did not form at their present distance from the Sun?
1. If they did, they would be expected to have more geologic activity2. If they did, they would be expected to have less greenhouse gasses3. If they did, they would have a magnetic field that is aligned with their spin axis4. If they did, they would be expected to have more greenhouse gasses5. If they did, they would be expected to have interiors more like Saturn
![Page 9: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Why do we think Uranus and Neptune did not form at their present distance from the Sun?
1. If they did, they would be expected to have more geologic activity2. If they did, they would be expected to have less greenhouse gasses3. If they did, they would have a magnetic field that is aligned with their spin axis4. If they did, they would be expected to have more greenhouse gasses5. If they did, they would be expected to have interiors more like Saturn
![Page 11: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Exaggerated Seasons On Uranus
• Uranus’s axis of rotation lies nearly in the plane of its orbit, producing greatly exaggerated seasonal changes on the planet
• This unusual orientation may be the result of a collision with a planetlike object early in the history of our solar system. Such a collision could have knocked Uranus on its side
![Page 12: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• How long is a day on Uranus?
![Page 14: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• How long is a day on Uranus?
• To answer, suppose the spin axis pointed directly at the sun. In one rotation (about 17 hours), what does a person on the equator see?
• (I won’t ask you this, but it often comes up)
![Page 15: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Outline
1. Exam logistics
2. Quiz 13 Discussion
3. Exam Review
![Page 16: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Earth
![Page 17: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Greenhouse effect
• Two usages:– An effect that occurs on a
planet with an Earth-like atmosphere
– An enhancement of the above effect due to human activity
![Page 18: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The greenhouse effect simplified
Visible light passes through with ease
Greenhouse gasses (e.g., CO2)
Greenhouse gasses absorb energy that would have been otherwise sent back to space.
Visible light passes through with ease
Reflected energy has different wavelength
![Page 19: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Heat from wire
Heat from bulb
Radiation from bulb
Solar panel
Solar radiation
![Page 20: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Radiation energy in must equal heat energy + radiation energy out if temp. inside dotted line is not changing
Heat from wire
Heat from bulb
Radiation from bulb
Solar panel
Solar radiation
![Page 21: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Energy Transfer
• Three modes of energy transfer–Convective – Bulk movement of
mass
–Conductive – jiggling material (atoms and molecules) but no bulk movement of mass
–Radiative – Electromagnetic
![Page 22: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Energy Transfer
• How are the modes of energy transfer operating here?– Convective
– Conductive
– Radiative
![Page 23: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Radiation Energy in = Radiation Energy out
http://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Graphics/EarthsEnergyBalance.png
![Page 24: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
If the amount of CO2 in Earth's atmosphere doubled, what would happen to the number labeled “A”?
![Page 25: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• How much energy does the Earth get from the sun from convection and conduction?
![Page 26: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• How much energy does the sun get from convection and conduction?
About zero
![Page 27: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
BBCannon Ball
Water
Oven
![Page 28: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Which cools off first?
• What modes of energy transfer are present when they are in the air?
• What modes of energy transfer are present when they are in the water?
• If you measure the temperature of the BB and the cannonball when they are in the water, and the cannonball is hotter, what can you conclude about how long the objects have been there?
![Page 29: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Aurora (northern and southern lights)
![Page 30: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Aurora• Certain solar wind
conditions energize electrons and ions in magnetosphere. Some collide with atoms in Earth’s atmosphere.
• Collisions of charged particles atoms in atmosphere create aurora
![Page 31: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/HBASE/quantum/atspect.html
Nitrogen Gas tube Light from tube after being passed through prism
![Page 32: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Ene
rgy
Flu
x
1
2
3
4
5
0
![Page 33: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Mercury and Venus
![Page 34: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The reason the temperature on the dark side of Mercury is warmer than originally expected is that
1. winds in Mercury's tenuous atmosphere carry heat from the daytime side to the night side. 2. several very active volcanoes on Mercury, produced by tidal stresses from the Sun, produce excess heat. 3. Mercury does not rotate synchronously with its orbital period. 4. Mercury's large iron core conducts heat through the planet.
![Page 35: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
At position D, an observer on the equator of the blue planet is pointing towards the sun when he points along his zenith (as indicated by the black arrow). The blue planet rotates around its axis and around its sun in a counterclockwise direction.
About what time will it be for the observer when he is next at position D?
![Page 36: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Draw it!
![Page 37: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
At position D, an observer on the equator of the blue planet is pointing towards the sun when he points along his zenith (as indicated by the arrow). The planet rotates around its sun in a counterclockwise direction. The planet rotates around its axis in a clockwise direction (retrograde).
What time will it be
for the observer when
he is at position B?
![Page 38: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Draw it!
![Page 39: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The length of one solar day on the planet in the previous question is
1. equal to one-quarter of that planet's orbital period. 2. one hour. 3. equal to that planet's orbital period.4. one-half of that planet's orbital period.
![Page 40: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Draw it!
![Page 41: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Venus’s orbital period is 224 daysVenus’s rotation period is 243 days (retrograde)
B
C
D
Draw ball and arrow at A, B, C, D
How long is Venus’s day?
R
Takes about 60 days to get to A (224/4 = 60)
In 60 days it rotates 60/243 = (about) 0.25 of a turn.
![Page 42: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Jupiter and Saturn
![Page 44: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Which planet will appear more often at opposition, Saturn or Neptune?
1. Saturn2. Same3. Neptune
![Page 45: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Saturn is less massive than Jupiter but has almost the same size. Why is this?
1. Saturn's interior is hotter than that of Jupiter. 2. Saturn is rotating faster than Jupiter, and the increased centrifugal force results in a larger size. 3. The small mass of Saturn exerts less gravitational force and is unable to compress the mass as much as in Jupiter. 4. Saturn is composed of lighter material than Jupiter.
![Page 46: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Saturn is less massive than Jupiter but has almost the same size. Why is this?
1. Saturn's interior is hotter than that of Jupiter. 2. Saturn is rotating faster than Jupiter, and the increased centrifugal force results in a larger size. 3. The small mass of Saturn exerts less gravitational force and is unable to compress the atmospheric mass as much as in Jupiter. 4. Saturn is composed of lighter material than Jupiter.
![Page 49: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Some of the small shepherd satellites within Saturn's ring system are also inside Saturn's Roche Limit. Why are they not torn apart by tidal forces due to Saturn's gravity?
1. The interaction between Saturn's strong magnetic field and the magnetic fields generated by the shepherd satellites helps to hold the satellites together. 2. Unlike the ring particles, the satellites are large enough to produce significant gravitational fields of their own, and these counteract the tidal forces. 3. The Roche Limit applies only to the ring particles, not to anything as large as a satellite 4. The Roche Limit only applies to objects held together by mutual gravitational attraction, not to chunks of rock like the shepherd satellites.
![Page 50: Exam 3 Review. Outline 1.Exam logistics 2.Quiz 13 Discussion 3.Exam Review](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649efe5503460f94c13739/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Some of the small shepherd satellites within Saturn's ring system are also inside Saturn's Roche Limit. Why are they not torn apart by tidal forces due to Saturn's gravity?
1. The interaction between Saturn's strong magnetic field and the magnetic fields generated by the shepherd satellites helps to hold the satellites together. 2. Unlike the ring particles, the satellites are large enough to produce significant gravitational fields of their own, and these counteract the tidal forces. 3. The Roche Limit applies only to the ring particles, not to anything as large as a satellite 4. The Roche Limit only applies to objects held together by mutual gravitational attraction, not to chunks of rock like the shepherd satellites.