exam review - wordpress.comexam review january 2020 grade 10 science student here it is boys and...

Exam Review

January 2020

Grade 10 Science Student

Here it is boys and girls, an exam is coming and you are no doubt studying hard and

getting your brain in gear for the big day!

First of all, you should spend some time reviewing the following:

1. Unit Tests – these are good examples of the kind of multiple choice and written questions that you may see on the exam

2. Assignments – Use these valuable tools to sharpen your knowledge of details and to see where you may have made mistakes in past “quiz like” situations

3. Notes – Hey, they have lots of information! Could be useful?

Use this review sheet to help guide you through your studying. Listed below are some

summaries and tasks that you can do in preparation for your exam

Grade 10 Exam Review page 2

Chemistry in Action: You will be given a Periodic table and a list of Polyatomic Ions for this section of the exam

You should know how to: Find atomic numbers, atomic mass numbers and draw Lewis dot diagrams for any

element

determine characteristics of the main group elements - valence, reactivity, basic properties and states

identify metals, non-metals and metalloids - know basic properties of metals, non-metals and metalloids

describe conservation of mass

Naming Compounds - IUPAC and Stock systems for naming ionic and molecular compounds

- writing formulas

-diatomic molecules and polyatomic ions

Identify Reaction Types -Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Displacement, Double Displacement,

Combustion

- Whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic

- Describe the conservation of Energy

Balancing Equations

Translating and Completing Equations

Acids and Bases -pH / pH scale

-neutralization reactions

-what is and acid? what is a base?

-Acid / Base tests – blue and red litmus paper, pH paper, bromothymol blue,

universal indicator, reactions with reactive metals

-naming acids and bases


Here are some review questions taken from previous tests and

exams. See what you can do with them:

Please circle the best answer to the following questions. There is no penalty for guessing.

Each correct response is worth one mark

1. Which of the following compounds is a Molecular Compound? (a) Potassium Metal (b) Carbon Dioxide (c) Copper (II) Chloride (d) Argon Gas

2. The compound H3P (aq) could be named: (a) Phosphoric Acid (b) Hydrophosphoric Acid (c) Hydrogen Triphosphide (d) Hydrogen (III) Phosphide

3. Which of the following compounds would you expect to be an acid when dissolved in water?

(a) LiF (b) NaCl (c) H2SO4 (d) Ca(OH)2

4. When put in a flame, magnesium metal ignites emitting a bright light and becoming a white powder. What type of reaction could this be classified as?

(a) a synthesis reaction (b) a decomposition reaction (c) a single displacement reaction (d) a double displacement reaction

5. Which of the pictures below is an Erlenmeyer Flask?

(a) (b) (c) (d)


6. Which of the following is FALSE about an Endothermic Reaction? (a) More chemical bonds are being formed than are being broken (b) More chemical bonds are being broken than are being formed (c) Includes all Decomposition Reactions (d) Includes all Energy Absorbing Reactions

7. Which of the following chemical equations is NOT balanced? (a) 2C2H6 + 7O2 4CO2 + 6H20 (b) C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O (c) C8H18 + 10O2 5CO2 + 9H2O + 3CO (d) C5H12 + 8O2 5CO2 + 6H2O

8. 6M Sodium Hydroxide is considered to be a very strong base. What would you expect the pH of 6M Sodium Hydroxide to be:

(a) somewhere around a pH of 13 (b) somewhere around a pH of 8 (c) somewhere around a pH of 4.9 (d) somewhere around a pH of 1.7

9. Please define AND provide an example of the following terms: A Covalent Bond, An Acid, The pH scale, An Exothermic Reaction,

A Neutralization Reaction

10. Write the chemical formulas for the following. (a) calcium acetate (b) Hydrophosphoric acid (c) dibismuth tritelluride (d) tin (II) nitrate (e) ammonium hydroxide

Name the following: (f) Cl2 (g) (g) P2S3 (s) (h) HgS (l) (i) HBr (s) (j) Ni(OH)2 (aq)


11. Balance the following reactions:

(a) H3PO4 (aq) + Ca(OH)2 (s) Ca3(PO4)2 (aq) + H20 (l)

(b) Pb3(SO4)4 (aq) + KI (aq) PbI4(aq) + K3SO4 (aq)

(c) Sn (s) + Ag2CO3 (aq) Sn(CO3)2 (aq) + Ag (s)

(d) C6H12 (g) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) + H2O (l)

(e) Al(OH)3 (aq) Al (s) + O2 (g) + H2O (l)

(f) Sulfuric Acid reacts with Magnesium metal to produce Hydrogen gas and Magnesium Sulfate (liquid). The test tube gets hot as the reaction

occurs.

(g) After being held over a flame for two minutes, Iron (II) Nitrate reacts with Potassium Sulfide to produce Potassium Nitrate (solid) and a

Iron (II) Sulfide (liquid)

12. Identify the reaction types in question #11

13. Complete the chemical equation by writing the Formulas of the products of the following reactions:

(a) 2K2O (aq) + 2S (g) (Single Displacement)

(b) CaO (aq) + Mg (s) (Single Displacement)

(c) C3H8 (s) + 5O2 (g) (Combustion)

(d) Ba 3P2 (aq) + Mg 3N2 (aq) (Double Displacement)

(e) CaOH (aq) + HCH3COO (aq) (Neutralization)


In Motion Review You will be given the following formulas. You should be familiar with the meanings and the

variations of these relationships.

Position x

x

Displacement d

d x

Velocity v

xv

t

Acceleration a

va

t

Force F

F ma

Momentum p

p mv

Impulse I

I Ft

I p

You are responsible for knowing the

appropriate SI Units that go with each formula

and how to rearrange them!


You should know the meanings, examples, implications and/or

calculations regarding the following:

SI Units

how to read and interpret position time graphs

how to calculate displacement

the difference between scalar and vector quantities -distance and displacement

-speed and velocity

-mass and momentum

how to read and interpret velocity time graphs

what is acceleration?

what is velocity?

uniform motion

Inertia

Newton’s Laws

Force

Momentum

Impulse

Friction

braking distance

Collisions



exams. See what you can do with them: Please circle the best answer to the following questions. There is no penalty for guessing.

Each correct response is worth one mark.

Use the position – time graph below for Questions #1 – 4

The graph shows the displacement and time taken for a test car to travel during one of its

test runs

Position vs. Time 100

Position (m) 50

0 30 60 90

time (s )

1. During which interval is the test car moving the fastest?: (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D

2. During which interval does the car have the greatest momentum?: (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D

3. What is the total distance traveled by the car? (a) 70m (b) 90m (c) 130m (d) 140m

A

B D

C


4. What is the total displacement of the car? (a) – 10m (b) – 70m (c) + 10m (d) + 90m

5. Which of the following would you expect to have the smallest momentum? (a) A 700kg truck traveling at a velocity of 100 m/s (b) A 700kg truck traveling at a velocity of 10 m/s (c) A 95kg racecar traveling at a velocity of 100 m/s (d) A 95kg racecar traveling at a velocity of 10 m/s

For Questions 6 and 7 look at the following ticker tape results taken from a car

acceleration lab:

A B C D

Start

6. Where is the car moving the fastest? (a) at A (b) at B (c) at C (d) at D

7. How could you best describe this motion? (a) the car is decelerating (b) the car is accelerating (c) the car is moving at a constant velocity (d) the car is not moving

8. Which of the following units of measurement would be the SI Unit for describing Force?

(a) Metres (b) Seconds (c) Newtons (d) Kilograms


9. A Normal Force is (a) a force that is equal and opposite to the force of gravity (b) a force that is exerted in order to change momentum (c) a balanced, adjusted and well rounded force (d) a force that is exerted due to gravity

10. A ball is moving at a constant velocity of 32 meters per second for 9 seconds. How far has the ball traveled during this time interval?

(a) not enough information has been provided (b) 32 meters (c) 288 meters (d) 320 meters

11. What is the difference between a Vector quantity and a Scalar quantity? Please provide an example with your answer.

12. What is Acceleration? Provide an example with your answer

13. Newton’s First Law deals with Inertia. Inertia is a property of matter that describes an object’s ability to resist a change in motion. In the space provided

please provide an example of inertia.

14. What is Displacement? Provide an example with your answer

15. What is Newton’s Third Law? Provide an example with your answer

16. What would a velocity time graph look like for a ball rolling down a ramp and then undergoing friction? Draw a velocity time graph for this motion and justify

your answer. (friction is a force which works against motion)

For Questions #17 – 19, Report your answer to 2 significant figures

17. A Force of 26000N is applied to a 40.0kg box causing it to move. What would be the acceleration of the box as a result of this force?

18. A car is traveling at a velocity of 20 m/s. The car has a mass of 600kg (a) What is the momentum of the moving car? (b) If it takes 10 seconds for the car to stop from a speed of 20 m/s how much

force is needed to stop the car?


19. An impulse of 25Ns is needed in order to roll a bowling ball down a bowling alley.

(a) If your throwing motion allows you to be in contact with the ball for 3 seconds, how large of a force will you exert?

(b) If the mass of the bowling ball is 8 kg, what will the ball’s velocity be when it reaches the pins?

(c) The 8 kg bowling ball hits an outside pin (and nothing else). After the collision, the ball keeps rolling at a velocity of 1.5 m/s. The pin flies in the

same direction at a velocity of 7.0 m/s. What is the mass of the bowling

pin?


Ecosystems Review: When you study for this section keep in mind that nearly every concept that we have

covered in this unit is linked together somehow. A great strategy to use while you review

this material is to create a concept map or a word cycle to see how these different ideas

could fit together.

Food Webs – the relationship between trophic levels - Producers, primary, secondary, tertiary consumers

- Impact of changes on a food web

- Ecological Pyramids (of numbers, biomass and energy)

- Heterotrophs and autotrophs

Biogeochemical Cycles (Carbon Cycle and Nitrogen Cycle) - Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Nitrogen Fixation, Nitrification,

Denitrification

- What can disturb these cycles? What consequences arise because of these

disturbances?

-eutrophication

Population Dynamics - relationships between organisms

- population graphs

- niches, habitat, competition (interspecific and intraspecific)

- carrying capacity

- limiting factors (density dependent and independent)

- sustainability and monoculture

- extinction



exams. See what you can do with them: Please circle the best answer to the following questions. There is no penalty for guessing.

Each correct response is worth one mark.

1. What percentage of energy is transferred up from trophic level to trophic level? (a) 30% (b) 15% (c) 10% (d) 5%

2. What would most likely occur if the population of nitrifying bacteria in the soil of an ecosystem was to suddenly decline

(a) the amount of nitrates present in the ecosystem would increase (b) the amount of carbon dioxide in the ecosystem would increase (c) the amount of ammonia present in the ecosystem would increase (d) nothing nitrifying bacteria is a scam aimed at selling science textbooks

3. What process involves the conversion of inorganic carbon and energy into organic carbon and oxygen?

(a) cellular respiration (b) photosynthesis (c) eutrophication (d) combustion

4. What process is required to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a useable form that plants can absorb?

(a) nitrification (b) denitrification (c) nitrogen fixation (d) nitrogen respiration

5. Which of the following is NOT a density-dependent limiting factor? (a) famine (b) competition (c) disease (d) drought


Use the following beaver population graph to answer questions 6, 7 and 8

C D

E

A B

6. At which interval is the number of beaver eating predators most likely declining? (a) A to B (b) B to C (c) C to D (d) D to E

7. At what point has the beaver population reached the carrying capacity for this particular ecosystem

(a) A to B (b) B to C (c) C to D (d) D to E

8. At what point is it most likely that a density independent limiting factor is seriously impacting the beaver population.

(a) A to B (b) B to C (c) C to D (d) D to E

Number of

Beavers

time


9. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor in an ecosystem (a) trees (b) grass (c) soil (d) moss

10. Identify a factor that increases the carrying capacity of an ecosystem (a) pollution (b) predators (c) disease (d) none of the above

11. Please define and provide an example for each of the terms listed in this section. Please make your responses as clear as possible

Sustainability, Niche, Intraspecific Competition, Bioaccumulation, Trophic

Level, Density Dependent Limiting Factor, Carrying Capacity, Extinction,

Eutrophication, Monoculture

12. An ecosystem contains wolves and gazelles. The wolves feed off the gazelles which feed off local plant life. A change in wind patterns has driven a population

of locusts into the ecosystem. The locusts are very competitive and feed off the

same plants as the gazelles. With the use of a population graph, explain what

would happen to the wolf and gazelle populations as the locust population

increases.

13. Describe how and why nitrogen is cycled through an ecosystem.

14. Describe how and why Carbon is cycled through an ecosystem

15. Explain FIVE factors that could lead to the extinction of a species.

16. Describe how a decrease in biodiversity in an ecosystem could affect the ecosystem’s level of sustainability. Provide examples to support your explanation.


Solutions: Chemistry In Action:

Multiple Choice Answers: 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A

5. A 6. A 7. C 8. A

9. A Covalent Bond is a chemical bond formed between 2 or more elements in which the elements

share valence electrons An Acid is an aqueous solution which produces [H]+1 ions. Have pH levels in the 0 – 6 range The pH Scale is scale used to measure the relative strength of acids and bases. pH of 0 is a strong acid, pH of 7 is neutral, pH of 14 is a strong base An Exothermic Reaction is a chemical reaction in which energy is released as more chemical bonds are being made than are being broken A Neutralization Reaction is a chemical reaction (double displacement) in which an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt and water.

10.

(a) Ca(CH3COO)2 (b) H3P (c) Bi2Te3 (d) Sn(NO3)2 (e) NH4OH

(f) Dichlorine (g) Diphosphorus Trisulfide (h) Mercury (II) Sulfide (i) Hydrogen Bromide (j) Nickel (II) Hydroxide

11.

(a) 2H3PO4 + 3Ca(OH)2 Ca3(PO4)2 + 6H2O (b) Pb3(SO4)4 + 12KI 3PbI4 + 4K3SO4 (c) Sn + 2Ag2CO3 Sn(CO3)2 + 4Ag (d) C6H12 + 9O2 6CO2 + 6H2O (e) 4Al(OH)3 4Al + 3O2 + 6H2O (f) H2SO4 + Mg H2 + MgSO4 (g) Fe(NO3)2 + K2S 2KNO3 + FeS

12.

(a) double displacement (b) double displacement (c) single displacement (d) combustion

(e) decomposition (f) single displacement (g) double displacement

13.

(a) K2S + O2 (b) MgO + Ca (c) CO2 + H2O (d) Ba3N2 + Mg3P2 (e) Ca(CH3COO)2 + H2O


In Motion: Multiple Choice Answers

1. D 2. D 3. N/A 4. A 5. D

6. D 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C

11. A Vector is a quantity with size (magnitude) and direction.

(ex) Force – a push or pull in a certain direction A Scalar is a quantity with only size (magnitude) (ex) Time (no direction involved in measurements of time)

12. Acceleration is a change in velocity over time of an object. (ex) an object acceleration at a rate of +2m/s is increasing its velocity by 2m/s every second

13. will vary

14. Displacement is a change in position (ex) an object moves forward 5m. Its displacement is 5m forward or +5m from the starting point

15. Newton’s Third Law states that for each action there is an equal and opposite reaction. (Forces occur in pairs) (ex) The Normal Force (up) exerted by your chair is equal and opposite to the pull of gravity (down) otherwise your chair would either collapse on push your into the air.

16.

17. �⃗� = +650m/s2

18. �⃗� = – 1200N

19. (a) �⃗� = +8.3N (b) �⃗� = +3.1m/s (c) 𝑚 = 1.9kg


Ecosystems: Multiple Choice Answers

1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D

6. D 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. D

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