ewi budget browser 2008

EWI-Budget Browser

2008

Combining Economy, Science and Innovation for a better society

Flemish governmentDepartment of Economy, Science and InnovationKoning Albert II-laan 35 bus 101030 [email protected]

1FOREWORD

Foreword“Science is organised knowledge” – this is an oft-quoted statement by the 19th-century British philosopher

Herbert Spencer, which applies today more than ever before.

In the so-called knowledge economy, a society in which science and economics are inextricably bound up

with each other, we have to measure and monitor the extent to which the government makes efforts to

stimulate science and innovation.

As Minister for Economy, Enterprise, Science, Innovation and Foreign Trade, it is not only my job to strength-

en the knowledge economy, but also to provide transparent reporting on my policy. I am delighted to have an

instrument like the EWI (Economy, Science and Innovation) Budget Browser at my disposal to do this.

The second edition of the EWI-Budget Browser offers you a complete overview of the funds that have

been provided by the Flemish government in 2008 within the Economy, Science and Innovation policy

area. The EWI-Budget Browser provides a transparent overview of these funds and explains each fund with

which the Flemish government gives shape to the policy.

The Flemish science policy is a horizontal one. This means that each policy area within the Flemish govern-

ment releases the requisite funds for undertaking scientifi c research.

For 2008, a total science budget of 1.682 billion EUR was provided, of which 1.051 billion was research

funding. Within the EWI policy area, 722 million EUR was allocated to funds for the science policy in the

initial budget, of which 692 million was R&D funding. This year, a further 75 million EUR has been provid-

ed as a stimulus for strengthening the research environment via initiatives such as Hercules, Methusalem,

the BOF (Special Research Fund) and the plan of action for careers in research.

Strengthened collaboration between industry and knowledge institutes, including through augmenting the

Industrial Research Fund, the launch of the Baekeland Programme for intersectoral mobility and increas-

ing the involvement of industry in the IOF (Industrial Research Fund) and SBO (Strategic Basic Research)

programmes are just a few examples of other major projects that are being fi nanced in 2008.

The EWI-Budget Browser analyses the cash fl ows, places them in a period of time from 1993 to the present day

and positions Flanders internationally in the fi eld of government expenditure on R&D and the intensity of R&D.

Innovation also goes hand in hand with entrepreneurship. A new “Entrepreneurship” call and the establish-

ment of an entrepreneurship cornerstone in the new EFRD programme will strengthen the competitive

position of Flemish entrepreneurs abroad.

As I indicated in the 2008 policy letter, I want to contribute towards giving Flanders a leading position

through the aforementioned stimuli, both in Europe and in the world economy, so as to secure the prosperity

of present and future generations. The Economy, Science and Innovation policy area plays a central role in

this.

The 2008 EWI-Budget Browser will contribute to a better understanding of the science policy in Flanders.

I wish you illuminating reading!

Patricia Ceysens

Flemish Minister for Economy, Enterprise, Science, Innovation and Foreign Trade

3CONTENTS

ContentsFOREWORD 1

CONTENTS 3

INTRODUCTION 5

PART 1 EWI: CO-OPERATION BETWEEN ECONOMY, SCIENCE AND INNOVATION 7

Chapter 1.1 Economic Support Policy 8

Chapter 1.2 Policy Support and Academic Policy 12

Chapter 1.3 Valorisation and Industrial Policy 15

Chapter 1.4 Awareness-Raising and Society 17

Chapter 1.5 General Policy 19

Chapter 1.6 PMV, VPM and LRM 21

PART 2 SCIENCE AND INNOVATION POLICY 23

Chapter 2.1 ‘Actual science policy’ 27

2.1.1. EWI Science policy 27

2.1.2. ‘Actual science policy’ in the Education and Training policy area 29

2.1.3. ‘Actual science policy’ 2008 compared to 2007 30

Chapter 2.2 Science policy in the other policy areas 31

Chapter 2.3 Analysis of the Horizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy (HBPWB) 33

2.3.1. Period of Time 33

2.3.2. According to policy area 34

2.3.3. According to NABS classifi cation 36

2.3.4. According to the six major categories 38

Chapter 2.4 Expenditure analysis of the Science and Innovation Policy 45

PART 3 R&D GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE FOR FLANDERS IN THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT 47

Chapter 3.1 International comparison of the government’s expenditure on R&D (GBAORD) 48

Chapter 3.2 The R&D intensity in Flanders 51

CONTRIBUTORS 54

USED ABBREVIATIONS 54

COLOPHON 56

5INTRODUCTION

IntroductionIn the fi rst part, the 2008 EWI-Budget Browser deals with the budget funds in the Economy, Science and

Innovation (EWI) policy area with regard to the content of the new budget programmes: the economic

support policy, policy support and academic policy, valorisation and industrial policy and, fi nally, the general

policy.

The second part gives an overview of the Flemish government’s science and innovation policy. Then

the ‘actual science policy’ is discussed (from the policy areas of EWI and Education and Training – OV),

followed by the science policy in the other policy areas. Thereafter follows an analysis of the Horizon-

tal Science Policy Budget Programme (HBPWB) and fi nally, an expenditure analysis of the science funds

allocated by the Flemish government.

The third part explains the funds for research and development (R&D) in more detail. In order to indicate

the international position of Flanders, the Flemish government’s expenditure on R&D is compared here

with other countries.

The initial 2008 budget funds are referred to in this publication – in accordance with the decree of 21

December 2007 concerning the general budget expenditure of the Flemish Community for the 2008

budget year. For the time periods we always used the defi nitive funds for the previous years (2007 and

earlier) – after the budget controls and any credit rescheduling. The budget programmes also mention the

fund specifi cally provided for science policy, in addition to the fund recorded in the budget.

Under the Flemish government’s modernisation project, Better Administrative Policy (Beter Bestuurlijk

beleid – BBB), the budget changed over to a structure with thirteen policy areas in 2008. The basic alloca-

tions are categorised according to general and area-specifi c budget programmes as regards content. In

spite of these changes, it is still possible in most cases to make relevant comparisons with 2007. Since all 13

policy areas were initiated in 2007, the 2007 EWI-Budget Browser was already set up in accordance with

the new structure.

Not all the funds that give shape to the economic and science and innovation policy in 2008 are discussed

in this publication. The EWI-Budget Browser is covered in greater depth on the website www.speurgids.be.

There you will fi nd a textual explanation and you can search specifi cally for a particular policy initiative; in

other words – you can look up information yourself quickly and accurately. In addition, it will be possible to

carry out more detailed analyses, time periods and so on via the website in the future.

Finally, thanks are due to everyone for his or her contribution to the 2008 EWI-Budget Browser. Because of

their constructive work, we have once more succeeded in grouping together and making available all the

information relating to the economic and science and innovation policy.

Part 1

EWI: co-operation between economy, scienceand innovation

8 PART 1 • EWI: CO-OPERATION BETWEEN ECONOMY, SCIENCE AND INNOVATION

The resources for the economic support policy are combined under

one fund – namely, the Fund for Subsidiary Economic Policy: the

so-called Hermes Fund. In 2008 there is 290.051 million EUR on

the allocation authorisation in the budget. The other resources, of

which the BAs (Basic Allocations) were still part of the 51.2 pro-

gramme (economic support policy) in 2007, will be in other budget

programmes or in the resources for the Hermes Fund from 2008

onwards. The ‘Sustainable Enterprise Study’ (now EC1222B) and

the ‘subsidies to the Policy Research Centre for Entrepreneurship

and International Entrepreneurship’ (now EC3301B) are part of the

General Policy Programme EC (see further, Chapter 1.5). The ‘sub-

sidies for projects to assist and fi nance fl exible mechanisms’ (now

EC5001B), is now included in the EC Awareness-raising and Society

programme, discussed in Chapter 1.4.

The ‘subsidies for the promotion of entrepreneurship’ (in 2007: BA

51.2 33.06) and the ‘subsidies to support enterprise plan competi-

tions’ (in 2007: BA 51.2 33.09) were transferred to the Hermes Fund

during the course of 2007 and will remain a part thereof in 2008 –

see table 2.

Table 1 shows the total budget, together with that part of it which is

earmarked for the science policy. This is discussed further in Part 2.

Figure 1 compares the 2008 funds with the defi nitive funds in 2007.

In 2007 the fund, after budget control, amounted to 284.683 million

EUR. The closure of pending cases from previous years, in the form

of credit realignment, increased this fund by an additional 24.061

million to 308.744 million EUR.

Chapter 1.1.

Economic Support Policy

BA Budget Fund Compared to 2007 Description SP fund

ED9911B 290.051 – 18.693Allocation authorisation for the Fund for Subsidiary Economic Policy (Hermes fund)

30.000

TOTAL 290.051 – 18.693 30.000

Table 1. 2008 Economic Support Policy programme (funds in million EUR)

The budget structure underwent a radical change on January 1st,

2008 as a result of the Flemish government’s major modernisation

project: Better Administrative Policy (BBB).

The structure with 13 policy areas had already been begun earlier –

they now each consist of a core department, IVAs and EVAs (Internal

and External Independent Agencies) and a strategic advisory com-

mittee. The 2007 Budget Browser already applied the BBB structure

– so, from 2008 onwards it can also be seen concretely in the Flemish

budget. From a technical point of view, this means that all the funds

have been brought under the new policy areas and the relevant

budget programmes. In this respect, all the policy areas, programmes

and the entities that manage the fund are given their own letter code.

The new budget structure is also giving rise to a thorough reshuf-

fl e of the funds managed by the Economy, Science and Innovation

(EWI) policy area. Up until 2007, it was a matter for the General

Economic Policy (51.1) and Economic Support Policy (51.2) pro-

grammes from the Economic policy of the former EWBL department.

The science and innovation policy was until last year covered in pro-

grammes for the general science policy (71.1), scientifi c research at

the initiative of the scientist (71.2), scientifi c research for economic

purposes (71.3) and strategic and policy-oriented research (71.4).

From 2008 onwards, the following will be the content of the budget

programmes of the EWI policy area: Economic Support Policy (ED),

Policy Support and Academic Policy (EE), Valorisation and Industrial

Policy (EF), Awareness-raising and Society (EG) and General Policy

(EC). These programmes comprise both the resources for fi nancing

the economic policy and those for the science and innovation policy.

They are concisely explained below; of course, particular attention is

paid here to the new initiatives.

There is an indication in table form of whether it concerns funds

for science policy or not. The science policy itself will be specifi cally

discussed and analysed in parts 2 and 3.

9PART 1 • EWI: CO-OPERATION BETWEEN ECONOMY, SCIENCE AND INNOVATION

Figure 1. ED Programme, Economic Support Policy, science policy and economic policy funds, 2007 and 2008 (million EUR)

Fund for Subsidiary Economic Policy(Hermes fund)

Policy instrumentsIn the 2008 budget there is a fund of 290.051 million EUR on

the allocation authorisation. The Economy Agency manages all

the resources of the Hermes Fund, and its mission is to support,

strengthen and stimulate business enterprises in Flanders sustainably.

It implements those programmes of an economic nature which the

Flemish government approves.

Of this sum, 30 million EUR also serves for innovation initiatives in

2008. This is for R&D investments. Therefore this initiative forms

part of the science policy – see also further in Part 2.

Its policy instruments are described in table 2, with the relevant 2008

funds and categorised by strategic objective of the programme.

Table 2. Policy instruments and funds in the Hermes Fund for 2008 (million EUR)

Description Funds for 2008

Supporting the competitiveness of business enterprises

Investment support for SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Enterprises) in application of the decree concerning the economic support policy of 31 Jan 2003

47.575

Ecology support in application of the decree concerning the economic support policy 107.585

Investment support for large companies in application of the decree concerning the economic support policy

30.000

Interest supplements as a result of problems caused by public works 5.000

Ecology support for particulate fi lters 7.000

The promotion of entrepreneurship

Initiatives to promote entrepreneurship in education 2.500

Entrepreneurship portfolio 42.900

Sponsorship projects 3.000

Initiatives for promoting entrepreneurship 4.700

Subsidies to support enterprise plan competitions 0.600

Facilitating environmental factors

Government commissions in relation to the continuation of policy-oriented research and working out policy initiatives

0.500

Industry-Friendly Municipality project 0.800

GIS contracts 0.075

Projects relating to locally-oriented partnerships and/or the Flemish environmental-economic policy 3.252

Expenditure for laying out business parks and for re-using industrial sites 16.000

Effi cient management of the EFRD fund

EFRD 16.564

Other expenditure relating to the social, economic and regional policy of the Flemish government

Operational expenditures 2.000

TOTAL 290.051

SP: science policy; EP: economic policy


Figure 2 illustrates the relative share of the most important instru-

ments in the Hermes Fund.

Figure 2: Initiatives Fund for Subsidiary Economic Policy(Hermes Fund), 2008

ExplanationsSupporting the competitiveness of business enterprises

The objective is to develop instruments and initiatives that

strengthen the competitive position of business enterprises. Here,

support is given principally to aspects that give the future of the

enterprise primary consideration. The Economy Agency therefore

aims to contribute towards modernising the economic fabric of

Flanders.

Investment support for SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Enterprises)

in application of the decree concerning the Economic Support

Policy. Investment programmes are distributed via the competition

formula system. The unchanged fund of 47.575 million EUR allows

three calls, each of 15.858 million EUR.

Ecology support in application of the decree concerning the eco-

nomic support policy. In 2008, an allocation fund of 107.585 million

EUR has been provided: this is 15.5 million more than in 2007.

In 2007, the following measures were in force: The decision of the

Flemish government of 16 May 2007 (‘Ecology Light’) relates to

requests for support entered between 1 August 2006 and 16 May

2007. In addition to this, there was also the approval on 16 May

2007 of the Flemish government’s decision to grant support for ecol-

ogy investments in the Flemish Region (‘Call Ecology’).

Investment support for large companies in application of the

decree concerning the economic support policy. For the new

investment support for large companies, an amount of 30 million

EUR will be allocated as a matter of stable policy. This concerns

both investments in tangible assets and major strategic training and

education projects.

Interest supplements as a result of problems caused by public

works. Because public works often hinder access to a business, the

Flemish government assists with the interest burden, which makes

taking out a bridging loan with a credit institution easier. This new

measure, for which 5 million EUR is provided in 2008, includes a

greatly simplifi ed procedure without the intervention of interme-

diaries. The administrative charges for the companies affected are

deliberately kept as low as possible. The company itself applies for

the subsidy, and the Economy Agency supervises the basic terms

and conditions. The aid is paid out directly to the company at its

request.

Ecology support for particulate fi lters. In 2008 a budget of 7 million

EUR will be provided in ecology premiums for the installation of

particulate fi lters for lorries and the purchase of Euro V-lorries. This

will be a fi nancial stimulus for businesses that make environmental

investments in Flanders!

The promotion of entrepreneurship

Healthy business enterprises fi rst and foremost need strong

entrepreneurship. The Economy Agency aims to contribute to this

end by offering advice, training and assistance. In this regard, the

following are considered as an integral part of ‘entrepreneurship’:

not only starting up a new business, but also stimulating what

we might call ‘intrapreneurship’: entrepreneurship within the

business. The aim here is also to take and manage measures that

will really make a substantial contribution – again with the focus

on future-oriented activities. Thus, the Agency aims to contribute

to stimulating creativity among both entrepreneurs and intrapre-

neurs.

Initiatives to promote entrepreneurship in education. Aid was

allocated to the so-called bridging projects for the fi rst time in

2003, which established a link between education and industry –

but with the focus on the skills and attitudes needed for power-

ful entrepreneurship. Therefore, there are not geared so much

towards technology and infrastructure. The projects were assessed

through a competition formula: with an available budget of 2.5

million EUR, 17 of the 50 projects entered were granted aid from

■ Ecology support

■ Support for SMEs

■ Entrepreneurship portfolio

■ Support for large companies

■ Business parks and industrial sites

■ EFRD

■ Other


this budget. The same amount will be provided in 2008 for a

similar call.

Entrepreneurship portfolio. BEA stands for Budget for Economic

Advice: the name for the integrated subsidy measure with which

SMEs can buy in services, with the support of the Flemish govern-

ment, which would promote entrepreneurship. It is a question here

of training, advice, knowledge and mentorship. This measure came

to replace the former training and advice cheques, and has been

extended to include the principles of ‘mentorship for talented entre-

preneurs’ and ‘knowledge’. SMEs may receive 35% in aid towards

the costs taken into consideration. In 2008, 42.9 million EUR has

been provided for this measure.

Sponsorship projects. During the lifetime of an enterprise, essential

decisions often have to be taken that are decisive for the profi ts and

growth of the business. The experience of other entrepreneurs can

help in this regard. For example, this can be done through sponsor-

ship projects that are based on the exchange of knowledge and

experience between businesses, with the aim of professionalizing the

way a business is run. The Flemish government grants subsidies to

organisers of sponsorship projects. 3 million EUR has been provided

for this purpose in 2008.

Initiatives for promoting entrepreneurship. Two calls were launched

in 2007 for projects to stimulate entrepreneurship, totalling 2.25

million EUR – one with the accent on immigrant entrepreneurship

and one with the accent on integrated fi nancing. In addition, ad-hoc

subsidies were also granted, such as for the Dag van de Klant (‘Cus-

tomer Day’), the Open Bedrijvendag (‘Open Business Day’) and the

Vlaamse Startersdag (‘Flemish Starters Day’). A fund of 4.7 million

EUR has been provided for 2008.

Subsidies to support enterprise plan competitions. A fund of 0.6

million EUR will serve for organising enterprise plan competitions, to

stimulate entrepreneurship.

Facilitating environmental factors

Another condition for a successful economy is providing favourable

environmental factors for businesses. The Economy Agency provides

support for creating various opportunities for setting up in business

and develops instruments that contribute to the optimum factors for

doing this. This applies both to Flemish entrepreneurs themselves

and for companies from abroad that want to invest in Flanders. The

Agency will again be concentrating here on factors that are impor-

tant to the future development of the economy.

Government commissions in relation to the continuation of policy-

oriented research and working out policy initiatives. 0.5 million EUR

has been provided in funds for study commissions. This will serve both

for developing area-specifi c visions and setup concepts for business park

search zones, and for more general environmental-economic studies.

Industry-Friendly Municipality project. 0.8 million EUR has been

provided for supporting Campaigns with the aim of stimulating

enterprise-friendly local policy in 2008.

Projects relating to locally-oriented partnerships and/or the Flemish

environmental-economic policy. A fund of 3.252 million EUR will

provide for subsidies to grey-water suppliers for the development of

grey-water circuits to protect vulnerable water-bearing strata. This

also makes the top-down project operation possible in relation to the

environmental-economic policy.

This project operation uses funds in order to:

Instigate processes to re-equip outdated business/industrial parks•

Resolve serious bottlenecks on industrial sites that are designed •

for the purpose, but have not been developed (bottleneck sites)

Support projects that stimulate the careful use of space on such •

sites; examine in detail unused industrial land, negotiating teams

for unused industrial land.

Expenditure for laying out business parks and for re-using indus-

trial sites. This support, for which 16 million EUR is provided in

2008, is intended for all developers of industrial sites, both public

and private – and also for any form of mutual collaboration. It is a

question here of investments needed for making individual plots on

industrial land ready for building.

Effi cient management of the EFRD fund

By decision of the Flemish government on 16 May 2007, the opera-

tional EFRD programme (European Fund for Regional Development)

was approved for submission to the European Commission.

This multi-year programme covers the whole of Flanders and envis-

ages the following priorities:

Stimulating the knowledge economy and innovation•

Promoting entrepreneurship•

Improving urban planning-economic environmental factors•

Promoting urban development.•

Submission to the European Commission implies a commitment to

co-fi nancing the campaigns concerned by the Flemish government

– after all, the European funds are additional. Moreover, the regional

and local administrations have their responsibility, as do the project

promoters concerned.

16.564 million EUR is provided for this programme in 2008.

Other expenditure relating to the social, economic and regional

policy of the Flemish government

The Economy Agency carries out all the tasks pertaining to its

mission, as described in Article 3 of the aforementioned decision

by the Flemish government. This also concerns tasks entrusted to

the Agency by decree or by the Flemish government. Moreover, it

manages tasks resulting from agreements with and at the initiative

of the department, the other independent agencies and policy

areas.

Operational expenditures. For a number of smaller research tasks,

such as for the management fee to PMV for the ‘win-win loan’ and

so on, an allocation fund of 2 million EUR has been provided for

2008.


The expenditure from the EE, Policy Support and Academic Policy

budget programme amounts to 329.559 million EUR. Of this,

322.665 million EUR is for the science policy.

The strategic objectives of the programme are:

To strengthen general knowledge-expanding fundamental1.

research

To strengthen the strategic basic research that generates knowl-2.

edge useful to industry, the non-profi t sector and the government.

Figure 3 compares the 2008 funds with those of 2007. The total

fund in 2007 amounted to 283.890 million EUR, of which 277.197

million EUR was for the science policy.

Figure 3 shows a striking increase in the funds for 2008: 45.669 mln.

EUR in total, of which 45.468 million for the benefi t of the science

policy. The grant to the SERV (Socio-Economic Council of Flanders)

is the only BA (basic allocation) of his programme that doesn’t con-

tain science policy funds. It is expected that the grant to the FWO

(Fund for Scientifi c Research), fi nanced with the net income from the

profi ts of the National Lottery, will be boosted by 2.342 million EUR

extra, which will bring it up to the level of previous years (11.712

million EUR). The remaining 20% is still allocated to a provisional

fund for the time being (BA CB0023B).

Figure 3: EE Programme, Economic Support Policy and Academic Policy, science policy and economic policy funds, 2007 and 2008 (million EUR)

Part of the funds from the EE programme for the economic policy con-

cern the grant to the Socio-Economic Council of Flanders (BA EE4107B:

6.894 million EUR). SERV is the consultative and advisory body of the

Flemish social partners. They specify their joint viewpoint and formulate

recommendations and opinions. More info on www.serv.be.

Structurally (thus not taking the indexing of funds into account),

there is an increase to science funds within this programme of

44.125 million EUR.

The ‘human capital for science, technology and innovation’ ac-

tion plan is a new initiative in 2008. Based on dialogue with the

research world and the results of a comparative analysis of the

Flemish doctorate bursary systems, a Research Career action plan

will be submitted to the Flemish government for approval. A budget

of 8.17 million EUR has been earmarked for this, partly for a trial

programme for intersectoral mobility between the academic world

and industry. The basic principle for this Baekeland programme is

that the industry specifi es the research subject of the doctorate and

that the researcher spends a lot of his or her time in the industry. The

costs will be divided between the government and the industry itself.

Other points for attention in the action plan are the development

of a ‘tenure-track’ system and the maximum harmonisation of the

existing doctorate bursary systems.

Chapter 1.2.

Policy Support andAcademic Policy



Table 3: EE programme, Policy Support and Academic Policy 2008 (million EUR)

BA Budget fundCompared to

2007Description SP fund

EE3301B 8.170 + 8.170

(new)“Human capital for science, technology and innovation” action plan 8.170

EE3302B 0.091 – 0.009Subsidy to the Institute of Plant Biotechnology for Developing Countries (IPBO)

0.091

EE3303B 0.071 + 0.001 Subsidy to the International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH) 0.071

EE3305B 9.500 + 0.500 Subsidies for project-based scientifi c research (PWO) 9.500

EE3307B 1.900 + 1.000Subsidies for carrying out scientifi c research, by institutes for post-initial education and by higher institutes of fi ne arts

1.900

EE3341B 0.827 + 0.012 Subsidy to the Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (KMDA) 0.827

EE3343B 1.090 + 0.015 Subsidy to the Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) 1.090

EE3344B 0.586 + 0.008Subsidy to the Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), for the support and the operation of the IODE Project Offi ce

0.586

EE3345B 0.124 + 0.002Subsidy to the Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), for the support and the operation of the ESF Marine Board

0.124

EE3540B 1.014 + 0.015Subsidies to the United Nations University (UNU), within the framework of the programme for regional integration studies

1.014

EE3541B 1.453 + 0.016Subsidy to UNESCO, in support of the Flemish UNESCO science trust fund

1.453

EE4001B 6.500 + 1.500Strengthening of the involvement of research in academic courses at institutes of higher education

6.500

EE4002B 15.194 + 5.143Subsidy to the special research funds, which are part of the Methusalem programme

15.194

EE4003B 3.021 + 1.521Subsidy for special research funds to provide additional mandates for independent academic personnel (ZAP)

3.021

EE4012B 16.699 + 5.164 Grant to the Industrial Research Fund Flanders (IOF) 16.699

EE4103B 0.749 + 0.208 Grant to the Flemish Council for Science Policy 0.749

EE4105B 12.344 + 0.173 Subsidy to FWO Flanders for the Odysseus programme 12.344

EE4106B 2.270 + 0.032 Subsidy to the Flanders Technology Foundation (STV) 2.270

EE4107B 6.894 + 0.201 Grant to SERV (Socio-economic Council of Flanders) 0.000

EE4108B 6.000 + 1.000Grant to IWT, for support to applied biomedical research, with a primarily a social purpose

6.000

EE4111B 1.144 + 0.013Subsidy to the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for the Sciences and Arts

1.144

EE4113B 117.182 + 4.308 Subsidy to FWO Flanders 117.182

EE4114B 26.019 + 3.101Grant to IWT, related to awarding specialisation grants (Decree of 23 January 1991)

26.019

EE4115B 2.762 + 0.039 Subsidy to university interface services 2.762

EE4116B 0.607 + 0.007 Grant to the EVA Hercules Foundation as management remuneration 0.607

EE4117B 8.899 + 1.500Grant to IWT, for the promotion of technology transfer and research, by higher educational institutes

8.899

EE4121B 2.273 + 0.771Subsidy to FWO Flanders, for projects within the framework of international research facilities

2.273

EE4125B 38.604 0.000 Strategic basic research (IWT Flanders) 38.604

EE4131B 9.602 0.000Subsidies for scientifi c and technical research with an agricultural objective (IWT Flanders)

9.602

EE4180B 9.370 – 2.342Grant fi nanced with the net receipts from profi ts in the National Lottery, for the benefi t of FWO Flanders

9.370

EE4464B 2.500 + 2.500

(new)Subsidy for the Special Research Fund for the universities 2.500

EE5246B 1.100 + 1.100

(new)Subsidies to the Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), for investments 1.100

EE6102B 15.000 + 10.000Grant to the EVA Hercules Foundation for fi nancing medium-heavy and heavy infrastructure (art. 75 Decree 22.12.2006)

15.000

TOTAL 329.559 + 45.669 322.665


To fi nance the medium-heavy and heavy infrastructure for fun-

damental and strategic basic research, a grant of 15 million EUR

has been made available to the Hercules Foundation in the 2008

budget. For 2007, this foundation had a grant of 5 million EUR,

further supplemented by 10 million EUR, which was transferred

from the FWO (Fund for Scientifi c Research). The Fund for

Scientifi c Research – Flanders after all no longer has to be respon-

sible for fi nancing medium-heavy infrastructure for fundamental

research. Maximum use will be made of the available expertise in

such bodies as the FWO, the IWT Institute and the PMV (Partici-

patieMaatschappij Vlaanderen – Participation Company Flanders).

At the end of 2007 the fi rst call for submitting proposals for

medium-heavy research infrastructure was launched. The fi rst call

for heavy research infrastructure already followed at the beginning

of 2008.

The Industrial Research Fund (IOF) will be given a structural fi nancial

injection of an extra 5 million EUR. The IOF must allocate structural

fi nancing to the universities for developing application-oriented

knowledge with its relevant property rights.

The BOF (Special Research Fund) and the FWO-Vlaanderen (Fund

for Scientifi c Research-Flanders) are the two fi nancing chan-

nels for non-oriented knowledge-widening research at Flemish

universities.

The BOF comes under the joint authority of the Flemish Minister for

Science and Innovation and the Flemish Minister for Education. The

amount allocated in the budget (Education and Training policy area)

for the basic subsidy is 102.161 million EUR (BA FG4464D).

The resources for the BOF will be increased in 2008 from the science

policy budget (EWI) by:

5 million EUR for the further development of the Methusalem •

programme (EE4002B). This will provide an overall amount of

15.194 million EUR in 2008. This programme is geared to keeping

scientifi c talent by fi nancing excellent Flemish researchers over the

long term;

1.5 million EUR for fi nancing additional ZAP (Independent Aca-•

demic Personnel) research mandates (EE4003B), making available

a total fund of 3.021 million EUR;

2.5 million EUR, specifi cally added to the basic subsidy (new •

BA EE4464B) for the further support of fundamental scientifi c

research.

The FWO shows the biggest budget entry in this programme, with a

global subsidy of 141.169 million EUR. Together with the 2.342 mil-

lion EUR(currently still allocated to BA CB0023B – provisional fund

from National Lottery profi ts) this means a total of 143.511 million

EUR: an increase of 5.252 million EUR compared to 2007.

The FWO budget is composed of four funds:

The basic grant amounts to 117.182 million EUR. The task of •

the Fund is to stimulate fundamental knowledge-widening

scientific research at the initiative of the researcher, on the

basis of an inter-university scientific competition. This cam-

paign is complementary to the BOF (Special Research Fund)

of the universities, destined for intra-university fundamental

research.

For the so-called “big science” projects at major international re-•

search facilities (BA EE4121B), a structural increase of 0.75 million

EUR brings the total to 2.273 million EUR.

The Odysseus programme (BA EE4105B) is a • ‘brain-gain-pro-

gramme’ designed to bring Flemish and other top scientists to

Flanders: either those who are internationally acknowledged to be

leading scientists (Group I) or post-doctoral researchers who have

already proven that they have the potential to become leaders in

their fi eld (Group II). There were already two calls in 2006 and

2007, and a third will follow in 2008. So far, nine researchers in

Group I and eight researchers in Group II have been attracted.

12.344 million EUR have been provided for this purpose in 2008.

The precise extent of the fi nal profi t share from the National Lot-•

tery will only be defi nitively known in the middle of 2008. Only

then will this grant be fully specifi ed and it will be added to the

FWO grant.

For the IWT (Institute for Innovation by Science and Technology in

Flanders) specialisation grants (BA EE4114B), there is a structural

increase in 2008 of 1.705 million EUR, making a total of 26.019

million EUR.

The resources for strengthening the involvement of research in

academic courses at institutes of higher education increase structur-

ally in 2008 by 1.5 million to 6.5 million EUR (BA EE4001B), in line

with the 2006-2009 growth path that was agreed with the minister

responsible for higher education.

The institutes of post-initial education, such as the ITG (Institute

for Tropical Medicine) and the Vlerick Leuven Ghent Manage-

ment School, had until now no direct access to the regular

Flemish fi nancing channels for research, even though they were

international leaders in certain areas of research. BA EE3307B

therefore provides a research fund for them as well, so that they

can strengthen their critical research base. This fund has been

increased by one million to 1.9 million EUR in 2008. These extra

resources are divided between the ITG and the Vlerick Manage-

ment School, based on the strategic plans that both institutes

have yet to submit.

Finally, a new feature of 2008 is the subsidies to the VLIZ (Flanders

Marine Institute) for investment expenditure, amounting to 1.1

million EUR (BA EE5246B). The present fi ve-year management

contract (2005-2009) after all does not provide for any substantial

expenditure on investment. Nevertheless, one of the VLIZ’s im-

portant tasks is providing logistical support for the marine research

community. This comprises the provision of vessels, a battery of

research instruments on board research ships and platforms, plus

logistical support on land. Because of the rising number of ever

larger instruments and the requisite specifi c storage for them, the

institute now has to provide for suffi cient storage and process-

ing areas as well. In addition, the VLIZ is responsible for replacing

damaged or worn seagoing instruments and the infrastructure that

the extensive research community uses for local and international

projects.


The global initial funds in 2008 for the EF budget programme, Valorisa-

tion and Industrial Policy, amount to 338.983 million EUR and just as

much SP fund: an increase of 32.326 million EUR compared with 2007.

Valorisation (economic development) and industrial policy have the

following strategic objectives:

Strengthening the basic technological research that generates 1.

knowledge for the benefi t of industry.

More technological innovation in Flemish industries.2.

There is a structural increase in the subsidy to IMEC (Interuniversity

Micro-Electronic Centre), amounting to 4.375 million EUR. The

funds for VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research) have

also increased structurally: a new BA (EF4114B) has been included

to fi nance their reference tasks. There is an extra 2.244 million EUR

(structural) for this purpose. The general operating funds have also

been structurally increased in 2008 by 1.746 million EUR. The IMEC,

VITO, VIB (Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology) and

IBBT (Interdisciplinary Institute for BroadBand Technology) strategic

research centres have been earmarked jointly for a global allocation

of 145.977 million EUR: 10.429 million more than in 2007.

With regard to funds managed by the IWT (Institute for Innovation

by Science and Technology), we can see a structural increase of 20

million EUR to support campaigns for technological innovation at the

initiative of the Flemish government (BA EF9911B). The funds avail-

able on this Basic Allocation serve mainly for the further development

of the competence centres, whereby on the one hand new funds

are reserved (after evaluation, of course) for the benefi t of the fi rst

generation of competence centres and, on the other hand, investment

is made in new competence centres. At present there are six feasibility

studies underway in this regard, of which four might lead to a new

competence centre as early as this year. In order to be able to achieve

this, 44.434 million EUR has been allocated to this BA in the budget.

There are also all the allocation authorisations of the IWT (BAs EF

9911B up to and including EF9914B). These are BAs to support

technological innovation campaigns at the initiative of the Flemish

government, projects at the initiative of the industries and innova-

tion cooperatives, e-media projects and, fi nally, study and appraisal

commissions for the VIN (Flemish Innovation Network). 180.398

million EUR has been earmarked for these jointly, making an increase

of 21.5 million EUR compared to 2007.

Figure 4: EF Programme, Valorisation and Industrial Policy, total funds and SP funds, 2007 and 2008 (million EUR)

SP: science policy

Chapter 1.3.

Valorisation and Industrial Policy


Table 4. EF programme, Valorisation and Industrial Policy for 2008 (million EUR)

BABudget

fund

Compared

to 2007Description SP fund

EF3301B 43.976 + 4.960 Subsidy to the Interuniversity Micro-Electronic Centre (IMEC) 43.976

EF3302B 38.771 + 0.573 Subsidy to the Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB) 38.771

EF3303B 23.476 + 0.378 Grant to the Interdisciplinary Institute for BroadBand Technology (IBBT) 23.476

EF3540B 0.760 0.000Grant to the Dutch Language Union for the implementation of the “STEVIN programme”

0.760

EF4103B 11.848 + 0.395 Grant to the Institute for Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT) 11.848

EF4113B 26.801 – 3.421 Grant to the Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) 26.801

EF4114B 7.864 + 7.864

(new)Grant to the Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) for fi nancing the reference tasks

7.864

EF6102B 5.089 + 0.075Grant to the Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) for investments

5.089

EF9911B 44.434 + 19.970Allocation authorisation for IWT Flanders, for supporting technical innovation actions that are proposed at the initiative of the Flemish government

44.434

EF9912B 123.860 – 1.905Allocation authorisation for IWT Flanders, for projects proposed by companies and innovation co-operations

123.860

EF9913B 11.263 + 3.426 Allocation authorisation for IWT Flanders, for e-media projects 11.263

EF9914B 0.841 + 0.012Allocation authorisation for IWT Flanders, for study and expertise assignments, for the benefi t of the Flemish Innovation Network (VIN)

0.841

TOTAL 338.983 + 32.326 338.983


For the EG budget programme – Awareness-Raising and Society –

there is a global fund in the initial 2008 budget of 26.847 million

EUR, an increase of 1.82 million compared with 2007.

The programme has the following strategic objectives:

Stimulating entrepreneurship1.

To boost the development of the Flemish economic fabric in a

proactive and integrated manner; to stimulate creative and in-

novative entrepreneurial activities and make them more attractive

for existing and new target groups.

Science information service2.

To strengthen public support for the scientifi c and technological

innovation policy in Flanders.

The economic policy in the EG programme concerns the grant to Flan-

ders Enterprise (VLAO) (BA EG4104B), the expenditures for VLAO

local contact points (BA EG3001B) and the subsidies for projects that

support and fi nance fl exible mechanisms (BA EG5001B).

The grant for the 2008 budget year to Flanders Enterprise (VLAO)

amounts to 13.742 million EUR (BA EG4104B). 2007 was the fi rst

full working year of the agency. The aim is that all enterprises and

entrepreneurs can take their questions to a single contact point

within the ambit of Flanders Enterprise. The agency in its turn will

assist the enterprises and entrepreneurs in an effi cient and industry-

friendly manner and put them through to the right channels in the

Flemish government. Simplifi cation and transparency are the key

words here.

In addition to the grant, a fund of 1.5 million EUR has been provided

for setting up a quality network of low- and wide-threshold VLAO

contact points for applicant entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs and busi-

ness enterprises (BA EG3001B). The contact points will provide the

fi rst line of advice and will be responsible for referring all questions

that require further follow-up to the provincial VLAO antennae.

However, the contact points do not function as an offi ce window in

the administrative sense of the word: they cannot issue the obliga-

tory formalities of the government themselves. The advice provided

by the local contact point is totally free of charge for the requesting

party. You can fi nd more info on www.vlao.be.

A budget of 9.114 million EUR has been allocated for the

Science Information and Innovation action plan (BAs EG1203B,

EG3301B, EG3303B, EG4001B and EG5201B). The policy on

science information and popularisation remains an important

point of attention within the scientific and technological innova-

tion policy. The policy concerned is grouped each year within the

Science Information and Innovation action plan. This comprises

all the campaigns and events that the government organises

itself or which are outsourced to third parties: the structural

partners. As the most important examples, we would mention

Flanders Technology International (FTI), the expertise units for

popularizing science, technology and technological innovation

within the ambit of the associations, the organizers of the five

scientific ‘Olympics’, the six Flemish People’s Observatories, the

two scientific youth associations (Youth, Culture & Science and

Nature & Science) and the Roger Van Overstraeten Society. The

Flemish government has concluded a multi-year contract with all

these structural partners.

In addition, there is also the subsidy of 2.410 million EUR to Flanders

District of Creativity vzw (Flanders DC). The task of Flanders DC

is to contribute towards the awareness-raising and stimulation of

entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation.

Figure 5: EG Programme, Awareness-Raising and Society, science policy and economic policy funds, 2007 and 2008 (million EUR)


Chapter 1.4.

Awareness-Raising and Society


Table 5: EG programme, Awareness-Raising and Society for 2008 (million EUR)

BABudget

fund

Compared


EG1203B 2.257 + 0.025 Popularisation of science, technology and technological innovation 2.257

EG3001B 1.500 + 1.500

(new)Expenditure related to the local contact points of Flanders Enterprise (VLAO)

0.000

EG3301B 1.098 0.000Various subsidies, with reference to publicising the Science Policy and scientifi c research to structural partners

1.098

EG3303B 3.974 + 0.059 Subsidy to Flanders Technology International (FTI vzw) 3.974

EG3304B 2.410 + 0.036 Subsidy to Flanders District of Creativity (Flanders DC vzw) 2.410

EG4001B 1.744 + 0.019Subsidies for expertise cells, with the objective of popularising science, technology and technological innovation within associations

1.744

EG4104B 13.742 + 0.179 Grant to Flanders Enterprise (VLAO) 0.000

EG5001B 0.051 + 0.001 Subsidies for projects that support and fi nance fl exible mechanisms 0.000

EG5201B 0.071 + 0.001 Investment subsidy for the Flemish people’s observatories 0.071

TOTAL 26.847 + 1.820 11.554


The ‘General’ programme covers the resources for 2008 that give

shape to both the general economic policy and the science and inno-

vation policy. This also includes those BAs that cannot be unambigu-

ously assigned to the content of another programme (see above).

The total fund included in the 2008 budget for the EC programme,

General Policy, amounts to 24.677 million EUR. Of this, 18.978 mil-

lion EUR is science policy (SP) fund. Figure 6 compares these funds

with 2007. The total for 2007 amounts to 19.69 million EUR, of

which 13.839 million are SP funds. The increase in the fund for the

EC programme is entirely due to the increase in funds for the science

policy, as can be seen in fi gure 6.

Figure 6: EC Programme, General Policy Programme, science policy and economic policy funds, 2007 and 2008 (million EUR)

SP: science policy; EP: economic policy*: The research funds for the ‘study on sustainable entrepreneur-ship’ (BA EC1222B: 0.051 million EUR) and the co-fi nancing of the Policy Research Centre Entrepreneurship and International Entre-preneurship (BA EC3301B: 0.267 million EUR) were categorised as science policy funds in this fi gure.

BA EC3510B is a new fund in 2008 for participation in the European

VISION ERA-Net, amounting to 0.35 million EUR. This is a European

collaboration network of ministries and agencies involved in the

innovation policy. The aim of the VISION ERA network is to improve

the quality and effectiveness of innovation-policy planning with the

partner organisations. In order to achieve the objectives, joint project

calls will be launched from 2008 onwards. There are two types:

contract research – mainly aimed at consultancy fi rms – and research

projects that are mainly aimed at research institutes.

In addition, the subsidies relating to international cooperation in

science and innovation (BA EC3311B) have been increased structur-

ally by 2.1 million EUR, in order to set up additional campaigns to

strengthen the strategic collaborative relations with priority partner

countries or regions, as well as the further development of scientifi c

cooperation within the framework of development aid (‘capacity

building’).

The grant to the IWT to support Flemish participation in the Europe-

an programmes (Flemish point of contact – VCP) has been increased

structurally by 0.6 million EUR. With this fund of 0.283 million EUR,

the Flemish research groups and industries will be supported in the

further conduct of their research and innovation activities via tran-

snational cooperation. This BA was introduced at the 2007 budget

control, and amounts to 0.22 million EUR.

Chapter 1.5.

General Policy


Table 6: EC programme, General Policy programme for 2008 (million EUR)

BABudget

fund

Compared


EC0190B 0.050 0.000Expenditures for inventory and valorisation of scientifi c and technological research

0.050

EC1201B 1.185 + 0.013Expenditures for the conception, preparation and execution of scientifi c actions on the initiative of the Flemish minister for Science and Innovation

1.185

EC1201C 0.250 + 0.091Specifi c operating costs with regard to the economic policy, including among other things fees, expenditures for encouraging company investments, and investments with regard to economic events

0.000

EC1204C 0.098 + 0.001Expenditures for a variety of interregional economic co-operative associations

0.000

EC1207B 3.069 + 2.432Expenditures for promoting the Flemish Information society, within the framework of the Lisbon Strategy

3.069

EC1220B 0.143 + 0.002Various communications initiatives, with regard to science, technology and innovation on the initiative of the Flemish minister for Science and Innovation

0.143

EC1222B 0.051 + 0.001 Study on sustainable entrepreneurship 0.051

EC1222C 0.816 + 0.009Expenditures for communications initiatives, with regard to the economic policy

0.000

EC1223C 0.048 – 0.302Funds for fi nancing assignments and co-operative agreements with partners in social entrepreneurship (POMs)

0.000

EC1225B 0.064 + 0.011Expenditures within the framework of international scientifi c co-operations

0.064

EC1241C 2.165 0.000 Specifi c ICT costs of the IVA Economy Agency: project costs 0.000

EC3301B 0.267 + 0.004Subsidy for co-fi nancing the Policy Research Centre Entrepreneurship and International Entrepreneurship

0.267

EC3302C 1.000 + 0.036Subsidy to the non-profi t organisation “Vlaamse jonge ondernemingen” (Young Flemish Enterprises)

0.000

EC3303B 8.628 + 0.128 Subsidies to the policy research centres 8.628

EC3304B 1.164 + 0.017 Subsidy for co-fi nancing the Policy Research Centre R&D Indicators 1.164

EC3306C 0.372 0.000Subsidies to the non-profi t organisation “Vlaams Centrum voor Kwaliteitszorg” (Flemish Centre for Quality Assurance)

0.000

EC3311B 3.465 + 2.115Subsidies within the framework of international scientifi c and innovative cooperation

3.465

EC3510B 0.350 + 0,350

(new)Participation to the European VISION ERA-Net 0.350

EC4104B 0.259 + 0.003Subsidy related to the inventory of scientifi c and technological research (IWETO)

0.259

EC4106C 0.950 + 0.013 Subsidies for certifi ed regional co-operative associations 0.000

EC4107B 0.283 + 0.063Grant to IWT Flanders to support Flemish participation in the European programmes (Flemish point of contact – VCP)

0.283

TOTAL 24.677 + 4.987 18.978


The following public limited companies are externally independent

agencies (EVAs) of the EWI policy area: Participation Company Flan-

ders (PMV), Flemish Participation Company (VPM) and the Limburg

Investment Company (LRM). In contrast to the previous chapters,

this does not concern budget funds, but rather an overview of the

activities of the aforementioned agencies.

Participatiemaatschappij Vlaanderen NV (PMV)(Participation Company Flanders)ParticipatieMaatschappij Vlaanderen NV (Participation Company

Flanders) has taken over the role of GIMV, as the instrument for

the realisation of economic initiatives by the government in Flan-

ders. As an independent investment company, PMV has a unique

position. It is not a bank, and it is not an administration. PMV is

a company that invests in the Flemish Region in a businesslike

manner. The activities of PMV have been assigned to four business

units:

PMV-kmo (PMV for SMEs)This business unit is the unique point of contact for the fi nancing

requirements of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It man-

ages a variety of instruments, which makes it easier for entrepre-

neurs to fi nd fi nancing with private capital providers:

ARKimedes is doubling the provision of venture capital for young

growth industries. The ARKimedes Fund, worth 110 million EUR,

offers one euro extra for each euro that recognised private venture

capital funds (ARKIVs) invest in a Flemish SME (small or medium-

sized enterprise). At the beginning of 2008, 13 professional venture

capital providers were recognized as ARKIVs. Together they have

funds of 218.1 million EUR to invest in Flemish SMEs. Of this, 106.4

million EUR comes from the ARKimedes Fund. At the beginning of

2008, the ARKIVs had already invested a total of 42 million EUR in

59 promising companies in Flanders.

The Surety Regulation offers the bank or credit provider more cer-

tainty when an entrepreneur wants a loan to invest, but cannot offer

suffi cient guarantees. The government stands surety for part of the

loan that an SME needs.

Since the introduction of the new Surety Regulation in the summer

of 2005, appeals had already been made by the beginning of 2008

in 1786 cases to the guarantee of the Flemish Region, totalling

156.8 million EUR. Thanks to that guarantee, entrepreneurs were

able to obtain loans from banks totalling 265.4 million EUR. The

loans that were provided with the aid of the Guarantee Scheme

in their turn made investments of 335 million EUR possible. That

means that for every euro of government guarantee, more than two

euros in investments were made, which indicates that the scheme

has considerable leverage.

The Win-Win loan encourages private individuals to lend money

to enterprises at advantageous rates via a tax benefi t. Anyone

who, as a friend, an acquaintance or family member grants a

Win-Win loan to a business just starting up will receive a tax

discount of 2.5% of the money that has been lent. The Win-

Win loan is a subordinated loan of 50,000 EUR max. The loan

has a lifetime of eight years and must be repaid in a single lump

sum. If the fi rm is ultimately unable to repay the subordinated

loan, the investor receives 30% of the amount outstanding via

a one-off tax reduction. The Win-Win loan makes it easier for

young entrepreneurs to fi nd start-up capital from their immediate

environment. By the beginning of 2008, 511 start-up enterprises

in Flanders had already taken out Win-Win loans, totalling 13.4

million EUR.

Innovative starters with a high risk profi le, but strong growth po-

tential, can apply to the Vlaams Innovatiefonds (VINNOF – Flemish

Innovation Fund) for venture capital. VINNOF offers the following

three fi nancing products:

The main product is designated as • ‘seedling capital’. With this,

VINNOF makes a risky investment in the start-up and initial

growth of innovative enterprises in Flanders. This is usually done

in the form of a holding in the company’s capital, but a convert-

ible subordinated loan or a loan with warrants are other possible

forms of investment. In addition, VINNOF also provides incuba-

tion fi nancing and project fi nancing.

Incubation fi nancing• offers (pre-)starters the opportunity to see

if and how they can realise an innovative idea and convert it into

a business. Incubation fi nancing is done in the form of a subor-

dinated loan and can be granted to entrepreneurs who obtain a

subsidy from the IWT for an SME Innovation study.

Project fi nancing• is intended to fi nance innovation projects from

SMEs, in addition to an IWT subsidy granted in relation to an SME

Innovation project or an R&D Industrial project. Project fi nancing

by VINNOF is done in the form of a subordinated loan.

Chapter 1.6.

PMV, VPM and LRM


By the end of 2007, VINNOF had made a total of 14.134 million

EUR available to 86 innovative enterprises from different sectors.

Table 7 shows the distribution of it between the three fi nancing

products.

Since it started at the beginning of 2007, CultuurInvest has already

given 28 enterprise projects a fi nancial push totalling 3.8 million EUR.

The Fonds Vlaanderen Internationaal helps Flemish SMEs to move

into foreign fi elds. Since the beginning of 2007, the Fonds Vlaander-

en-Internationaal (Flanders International Fund) has already given the

green light to six investment projects totalling 2.8 million EUR. These

represent investments in China, Bulgaria, Hungary, Russia, Turkey

and the USA.

The NRC-Fonds offers high-technology companies long-term fi nanc-

ing, for innovative projects that are connected to a specifi c end-

product. Since it started at the end of 2006, the NRC Fund decided

to grant a subordinated loan to three projects, this fi nancing being

worth 8 million EUR in total.

PMV-ppsThe PMV-pps business unit lays a foundation, with which it is pos-

sible to meet the quickly evolving expectations of our society by way

of public-private co-operations. PMV-pps structures capital-intensive

investment projects, which are part of the responsibilities of the gov-

ernment (infrastructure works, modernisation and renewal of schools

and hospitals, social housing, ...) whereby the participation of private

parties offers an important added value.

PMV-Vastgoed (real estate)By way of an active real estate management, PMV supports and

fi nances the real estate policy of the Flemish government. The

PMV-Vastgoed business unit plays a pioneering role in the area of

public-private co-operation, and it is involved in the realisation of

the three Flemish administrative centres, as well as in the valorisation

of Flemish government buildings. PMV also carries out a strategic

real estate policy for the development of brownfi elds, and it offers

support for regional and inner-city development projects.

PMV-Duurzame ontwikkeling (sustainable development)This business unit supports a strategic investment policy in the

area of sustainable development. Such investments after all have a

great impact on society, and they offer a new impulse for sustain-

able economic development. PMV invests in the development and

implementation of environmentally friendly and energy-effi cient

technologies. It searches for future possibilities for important public

enterprises in the environmental sector, and it takes initiatives for the

realisation of the Kyoto objectives.

More information is available on www.pmvlaanderen.be.

Vlaamse Participatiemaatschappij NV (Flemish Partici-pation Company – VPM)Vlaamse Participatiemaatschappij NV (Flemish Participation Com-

pany – VPM) is a public limited company, whose only task is the

management of the participation of the Flemish government in

GIMV1. Today this participation only consists of a minority position

of 27%, after large blocks of GIMV shares were sold on the stock

market during 2005 in 2006, in conformity with the agreements that

have been made.

Limburgse Reconversiemaatschappij NV (Limburg Investment Company – LRM)Limburgse Reconversiemaatschappij NV (Limburg Investment Com-

pany – LRM) wants to be a driving force in the economic expansion

of Limburg. This it does by, on the one hand, providing risk capital

to local and foreign companies that invest in Limburg. Established

large companies, as well as start-ups and SMEs, can be taken into

consideration. Furthermore, it can also accompany or fi nance man-

agement buy-outs or buy-ins. On the other hand, LRM is a partner,

and frequently the initiator, in the development of industrial terrains,

brownfi elds, business and scientifi c parks in Limburg.

The Flemish Community is the only shareholder in LRM. Neverthe-

less, LRM is an ordinary public limited company, which is subject to

the regulations concerning commercial companies. Profi tability and

market conformity are the guiding principles in the operations of LRM.

More information is available on www.lrm.be

1 GIMV is an independent investment company, which is listed on the stock market and that has specialised itself in investments in equity capital of growth-oriented companies that are not listed (private equity). GIMV has a leadership position in the private equity and venture capital sectors in Belgium, and it also operates at a European level.

Table 7: Promised investment sums and the number of enterprises for the three VINNOF fi nancing products as of 31 December 2007

ProductPromised investment sum

As of 31/12/2007 (in million EUR)

Number of

enterprises

Seedling capital 5.879 18

Incubation fi nancing 1.701 30

Project fi nancing 6.554 38

TOTAL 14.134 86

Part 2

Science andinnovation policy

24 PART 2 • SCIENCE AND INNOVATION POLICY

This chapter gives a precise overview of what the scientifi c and

technological innovation policy consists of. We will use the interna-

tionally agreed defi nitions for this purpose: After all, to be able to

make an international comparison, one has to keep to international

agreements.

As the social importance and the complexity of knowledge and

technological developments increased, exactly as the interest and

participation by governments in an international context, the defi ni-

tions also evolved in conformity with changed circumstances. The

technological policy was, after all, originally considered as a subsidi-

ary sector, which was contained in the broader term science policy.

Later on it was felt necessary to provide a separate description for

this type of policy, which is directly connected with technological

development. The accent today lays rather on innovation and with

this the entirety of the activities that stimulate renewal in industry

and society is meant.

International defi nitions

Scientifi c activities – R&D – STET – STS

The term “scientifi c activities”, as defi ned in the Recommendation

concerning the International Standardisation of Statistics on Science

and Technology” – UNESCO, 1978 (Canberra Manual – OECD,

Paris, 1995, p. 67) comprises:

Research and Development (R&D): “... creative work undertaken

on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge,

including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this

stock of knowledge to devise new applications” (Frascati Manual,

OECD, 2002, p. 30). In other words, it includes any scientifi c

activity which is aimed at developing scientifi c knowledge (basic

research), making it applicable (applied research) and applying it

(development).

Education and Training (STET): “...all activities comprising specialised

non-university higher education and training, higher education and

training leading to a university degree, postgraduate and further

training, and organised lifelong training for scientists and engineers”

(Canberra Manual, OECD, Paris, 1995, p. 67). Therefore it concerns

the funding of scientifi c education, for example, the proportion of

the operational subsidies to universities that are used for university

education.

Scientifi c and Technological Services (STS): “...activities concerned

with research and experimental development and contributing to the

generation, dissemination and application of scientifi c and techni-

cal knowledge” (Canberra Manual, OECD, Paris, 1995, p. 68). This

concerns any form of services, such as performing routinemeasure-

ments (e.g., routine medical analyses), the provision of scientifi c-

technological information (e.g., by libraries or information centres),

and the collection of data of a general interest (including the

collection of data on social-economic phenomena). Studies related

to policy and the activities of administrative units with regard to

the analysis, evaluation and monitoring of external phenomena are

included in this.

Within R&D there is a further classifi cation according to the type of

research (Frascati Manual, OECD, 2002, p. 30):

Basic research is “experimental or theoretical work undertaken

primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation

of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular ap-

plication or use in view”;

Applied research is “also original investigation undertaken in

order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily

towards a specifi c practical aim or objective”;

Experimental development is “systematic work, drawing on exist-

ing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience,

that is directed to producing new materials, products or devices,

to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving

substantially those already produced or installed.”

InnovationThe term Technological product and process (TPP) innovation is

defi ned in the Oslo Manual (second edition, OECD/Eurostat 1997,

p. 31) as follows:

“Technological product and process (TPP) innovation comprises

implemented technologically new products and processes and

signifi cant technological improvements in products and processes.

A TPP innovation has been implemented if it has been introduced

on the market (product innovation) or used within a production

process (process innovation). TPP innovations involve a series of

scientifi c, technological, organisational, fi nancial and commercial

activities.”

Innovation now stands for the commercially and socially successful

exploitation of the new inventions. Also low-technology innova-

tion is important: The more gradual innovations that are part of

product development, production processes and market strategies,

are viewed as being just as import for the creation of prosperity.

The diffusion of knowledge and technology transfers are therefore

exceedingly important for SMEs. An important role has been set

aside for the government here, amongst others as a stimulator

of the maximum valorisation of research results. That occurs, for

instance, through support of technology transfer from universities

and research institutes to industry. Innovation is viewed in a much

expanded sense: Not only scientifi c research is important (and a

First requirement), but also the global innovation system, including

the social, economic and legal aspects that are connected to this.

An essential role in this is reserved for education and training, for

the fi nancial framework (the availability of a risk capital is essen-

tial), and for an effi cient regulation regarding intellectual property

rights. Innovation in commercial and management aspects, just as

much as social innovation, are also viewed as important factors in

creating employment opportunities, and for meeting evident needs

of society.

25PART 2 • SCIENCE AND INNOVATION POLICY

Administrative Structures of theFlemish Science and Innovation Policy

Here we will provide a summary description of the administrative

structure for the management of the science policy, after the restruc-

turing project of the Flemish government BBB.

EWI policy areaThe EWI Department, which is responsible for preparing policy initia-

tives and policy evaluation for the entire policy area.

The agencies:IWT Flanders: carries out policy related to industry. It is an •

intermediary organ, which distributes the funds amongst

businesses and research institutes, in conformity with defined

selection criteria, and evaluation and decision-making proce-

dures.

FWO Flanders: carries out policy with regard to basic research at •

the universities. It is an intermediary organ which distributes the

funds among the universities and research institutes. That happens

in conformity with defi ned selection criteria, and evaluation and

decision-making procedures.

Hercules foundation: fi nances medium-heavy and heavy in-•

frastructure for fundamental and strategic basic research in all

scientifi c areas.

Furthermore, the Participation Company Flanders (PMV), the

Flemish Participation Company (VPM) and the Limburg Invest-

ment Company (LRM) as externally independent agencies (EVAs)

and the Economy Agency as an internally independent agency

make part of the EWI policy area. Although they have much

ground in common with the science and innovation policy, the ex-

ecution of it isn’t included in their key tasks. The Economy Agency

was described in Chapter 1.1; the agencies PMV, VPM and LRM in

Chapter 1.6.

The advisory body:The Flemish Council for Science Policy (VRWB) formulates• recom-

mendations to the Flemish government and the Flemish Parlia-

ment, in the area of science and technology policy. This council

will provide such recommendations on request, or at its own

initiative.

The Socio-economic Council of Flanders (SERV) is the other

advisory body of the EWI policy area. SERV formulates and gives

advice about the broad economic aspects of the Flemish policy.

Here too, there is common ground with the science and innova-

tion policy.

Other policy areasThe science policy is situated in all thirteen policy areas. The

departments are authorised to give form to science policy initia-

tives that support their policy. Besides EWI, these policy areas

are:

Services for the General Government Policy (DAR)•

Administrative Affairs (BZ)•

Finance and Budget (FB)•

Foreign Affairs (IV)•

Education and Training (OV)•

Welfare, Public Health and Family (WVG)•

Culture, Youth, Sport and Media (CJSM)•

Work and Social Economy (WSE)•

Agriculture and Fisheries (LV)•

Environment, Nature and Energy (LNE)•

Mobility and Public Works (MOW)•

Town and Country Planning, Housing Policy and Immovable •

Heritage (RWO)

The four Flemish scientifi c institutes:

Research Institute for Nature and Forests (INBO)•

Carries out policy-oriented scientifi c research with regard to the •

conservation, management and sustainable use of biodiversity

and its environment;

Provides scientifi c services in support of the policy and to •

defi ned target groups, amongst others through advising, ex-

perimental analyses, the provision of new products, techniques,

concepts and documentation;

It reports periodically on the condition of nature and the •

natural environment, and on the effects of environmental

policy, including the extent in which the assumed objectives

of the environmental policy are reached, while monitoring and

evaluating the available know-how and investigating future

developments.

Flemish Heritage Institute (VIOE)•

Manages and preserves the natural heritage in Flanders;•

Carries out scientifi c research in this area.•

Royal Museum of Fine Arts – Antwerp (KMSKA)•

Acquires, conserves, restores and exhibits its own art collection;•

Carries out scientifi c research;•

Publishes catalogues on its collection and yearbooks;•

Organises exhibitions in the Royal Museum of Fine Art and in •

foreign countries;

Organises educational activities: training of educational as-•

sistants, training courses for adults, lessons for teachers and

schools, guided tours, lectures and youth ateliers, publica-

tions;

Organises documentary activities: technical library, archives and •

a collection register.

Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO)•

Co-ordinates and carries out policy-supporting research, •

including the accompanying services, with the objective of

making the agricultural and fi shing sectors sustainable from an

economic, environmental and social perspective.


Builds up the required know-how for an improvement of •

products and production methods, for monitoring the quality

and safety of end-products, and for an improvement of policy

instruments, as a basis for sector development and agrarian

rural policy.

Regularly provides information to the policymakers, the cor-•

responding sectors and society at large.


The ‘actual science policy’ concerns the science policy of the EWI

policy area, together with the resources for fi nancing the science

policy at the universities and institutes of higher education under the

Education and Training (OV) policy area. Previously, these resources

were ascribed to the organisation division OA 71 of the former WIM

department, together with the aforementioned science funds from

OA 33 of the former Education department.

Fundamental research at universities, which opens up new horizons,

as a necessary basis for all further socially and industrially oriented

research, just as much as research at institutes of higher education,

is after all a part of such a coherent policy. Strategic basic research

also is largely carried out at the universities and institutes of higher

education, including the strategic research centres IMEC, VITO, VIB

and IBBT. In addition, there is also the broad and varied domain of

industrial research carried out in support of Flemish industry.

2.1.1. EWI Science Policy

NEW POLICY RESOURCES AND NEW POLICY ACCENTS OF 2008The policy funds for science and innovation that come directly under

the minister responsible for science and innovation policy are in-

creased structurally in 2008 by 75 million EUR. This rise honours the

execution of the Innovation Pact for 2008. Table 8 gives an overview

of these initiatives.

Chapter 2.1.

‘Actual Science Policy’

Table 8. Overview of new policy resources and accents of the 2008 EWI science policy

BA Initiative Increase (million EUR)

EE4002B Methusalem 5.000

EE4102B Hercules 10.000

EE4464B Special Research Fund (BOF) 2.500

EF3301B IMEC 4.375

EE4012B Industrial Research Fund (IOF) 5.000

EF9911B Innovation at the initiative of the Flemish government (IWT) 20.000

EE3307B Institutes post-initial education 1.000

EE4121B “Big science” 0.750

EE4103B VRWB 0.200

EE4117B TETRA (IWT) 1.500

EE4001B Additional funds for the academic content of graduate courses 1.500

EE4114B IWT Specialisation grants 1.705

EE4108B Applied biomedical research (IWT) 1.000

EE3305B Project-based Scientifi c Research (PWO) 0.500

EC3510B ERA Vision-Net 0.350

EE4003B Additional ZAP mandates 1.500

EE4113B Postdoctoral FWO mandates 2.700

EF4113B VITO – General operation 1.746

EF4114B VITO – Reference tasks 2.244

EE3301B Action plan researchers career 8.170

EE5242B Investment subsidy VLIZ 1.100

EC3311B International cooperation 2.100

EC4107B Flemish Contact point Framework programme (IWT) 0.060

TOTAL 75.000


DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES FOR 2008 OVER THE EWI BUDGET PROGRAMMESIf we look closely at the budget programmes in the EWI policy area,

we see that more than 90% of the science funds are incorporated in

the Valorisation and Industrial Policy (46%) and Policy Support and

Academic Policy (45%) programmes.

Figure 7: Percentage distribution of resources for the 2008 science policy (SP) in the EWI policy area

EVOLUTION OF THE RESOURCESFigures 8 and 9 show the evolution of the fi nancing of the science

and innovation policy of the former Organisation Division OA 71

(2000-2007) and of EWI for 2008.

Figure 8 shows the evolution of the total funds, including the

one-off special funds outside the traditional budget programmes,

introduced from 2004 for effecting specifi c policy priorities for that

particular year. There are also two additional funds (for R&D) in

2008: 30 million EUR on the Hermes Fund and 2.6 million EUR LRM

(Limburg Investment Company) impulse fi nancing for the develop-

ment of research activities at the transnational University of Limburg

(tUL). The extra nett increase of 60 million EUR in R&D funds,

allocated in 2007 to the EWI policy area, was masked because 75

million EUR of additional funds, allocated in 2005 and 2006 outside

the usual budget programmes to the Flemish Innovation Fund

(VINNOF), was not repeated in 2007. 2008 once again shows a

sharp rise compared with 2007.

Figure 8: Evolution of EWI (Economy Science and Innovation)Science Policy funds, including one-off special funds (in million EUR)

Table 9. Distribution of resources for the 2008 science policy in the EWI policy area

Budget Programmes EWI SP R&D STET STS

EF. Valorisation and Industrial Policy 338.983 327.135 0.000 11.848

EE. Policy Support and Academic Policy 322.665 318.168 0.000 4.497

ED. Economic Support Policy 30.000 30.000 0.000 0.000

EC. General 18.978 14.272 0.000 4.706

EG. Awareness-raising and Society 11.554 2.410 0.000 9.144

TOTAL 722.180 691.985 0.000 30.195

■ EC. General

■ ED. Economic Support Policy

■ EE. Policy Support and Academic Policy

■ EF. Valorisation and Industrial Policy

■ EG. Awareness-raising and Society


In fi gure 9, without one-off special funds, it can be seen that the

rising trend continues in 2008. In 2008, there is an overall in-

crease (including indexation) of 82.105 million EUR in the science

policy (SP) funds – i.e., R&D and STS together – and of 81.295

million EUR in the R&D funds compared with the defi nitive 2007

budget.

Figure 9: Evolution of EWI (Economy Science and Innovation)Science Policy funds, without one-off special funds (in million EUR)

2.1.2. ‘Actual science policy’ in the Education and Training policy areaThe ‘actual science policy’ in the Education and Training (OV) policy

area comprises the operational subsidies to the universities, the

subsidy to the Special Research Fund (BOF), additional operational

funds (Bachelor-Master BAMA), other subsidies to the universities

and to similar institutes and, fi nally, funds for the academic content

of graduate courses. These funds are contained in the Higher Educa-

tion FG programme.

Table 10 sums up the 2008 basic allocations of the ‘actual science

policy’ in the Education and Training (OV) policy area. In 2008 they

are all contained in the new Higher Education FG programme. The

total Science Policy fund is 841.282 million EUR.

The new decree of 14 March 2008 concerning fi nance of the opera-

tion of institutes of higher education and universities in Flanders has

been in force since 1 January 2008.This decree gears the various

fi nancing mechanisms to each other and also introduces fundamen-

tal changes to the 2008 expenditure budget. For the structure of the

budget, this means that different basic allocations will be bundled

together or split up.

Table 10: Basic Allocations to ‘actual science policy’ in the Education and Training policy area (OV), 2008 (funds in million EUR)

BA

Budget

fund Description SP fund

FG4002D 1,253.322 Operational subsidies for higher education 649.139

FG3326B 0.150 Subsidy to the Evangelical Theological Faculty 0.150

FG4003B 2.279 Operating payments for the Dutch-Flemish Accreditation Organ (NVAO) 2.279

FG4003D 0.508 Subsidy for associations 0.508

FG4010B 0.632 Subsidies for open higher education 0.632

FG4073D 15.441Subsidies for Social provisions in university education (Art. 140 bis, Decree of 12 juni 1991)

15.441

FG4122D 2.025Subsidy to the Universiteit Antwerpen for the Institute for Development Policy and Management (IOB)

2.025

FG4128D 0.163 Subsidy to the University of Antwerp (UA) for the Institute of Jewish Studies (IJOS) 0.163

FG4407B 5.275Strengthening of the involvement of research in academic courses at institutes of higher education

5.275

FG4426D 1.517Subsidy to the Free University of Brussels (VUB) for the Institute for European Studies (IES)

1.517

FG4460D 23.429Legal and conventional employers’ contribution for free universities (Decree of 12 June 1991)

23.429

FG4464D 102.161 Subsidy for the Special Research Fund for the universities 102.161

FG4480D 0.319 Subsidy for the Faculty of Protestant Theology in Brussels 0.319

FG4487D 9.915Subsidy granted to the “Prins Leopold” Institute for Tropical Medicine, in Antwerp (Decree of 18 May 1999)

9.915

FG4489D 1.819Subsidy granted to the Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School (Decree of 18 May 1999)

1.819

FG6012D 25.898 Capital transfers for real estate investments for university education 25.898

FG6417D 0.612 Capital transfers for real estate investments ITG 0.612

TOTAL 841.282


Thus, in 2008 there is the new BA FG4002D, ‘operational subsi-

dies for higher education’, amounting to 1,253.322 million EUR

(initially 2008). For the science policy this means that the operational

subsidies to the universities, which were covered by separate BA’s

until now, are contained within this new BA, in the same way as the

funds Funds for the academic content of graduate courses. The sup-

plementary funds for the conversion to the BAMA courses are also

included in it.

The funds under the new BA FG4003D are allocated to the as-

sociations. 0.508 million EUR is provided for the fi ve associations,

in application of the new fi nancing decree for the operation of the

universities and institutes of higher education.

2.1.3. ‘Actual science policy’ in 2008 compared to 2007Table 11 shows a comparison for 2008 of the initial funds for the

‘actual science policy’ (EWI and OV policy areas and special funds)

with the initial budgets for 2007 (as contained in the 2007 EWI-

Budget Browser) and with the defi nitive funds for that year. In

2008, a sum of 30 million EUR has been provided from the Hermes

Fund (BA ED9911B – Fund for Subsidiary Economic Policy) for R&D

initiatives. 2.6 million EUR in LRM impulse fi nancing has also been

set aside for extending the research activities at the transnational

University of Limburg (tUL).You will fi nd the SP funds in the top half

and the R&D funds in the bottom half of the table.

The Science Policy (SP) funds for the ‘actual science policy’ have

gone up from 1,452.992 million EUR to 1,568.404 million EUR in

2008 – an increase of 115.412 million. Within the EWI the increase

in SP funds is 80.988 million EUR, of which 75 million is a structural

increase (see table 8). Of the total SP funds under the ‘actual science

policy’, 988.233 million EUR is for R&D – an increase of 93.278 mil-

lion EUR compared with the defi nitive budgets for 2007.

Table 11: Comparison of initial funds in 2008 with initial and defi nitive funds in 2007 for the ‘actual science policy’, in particular, the SP funds in the EWI policy area (until 2007: OA 71) and Education and Training (OV) (until 2007: organisation division OA 33), supplemented with one-off special funds (million EUR)

‘Actual SP’2007

initial

2007

fi nal

2008

initial

Increase vs.

2007 initial

Increase vs.

2007 fi nal

EWI 608.248 611.192 692.180 83.932 80.988

BOF 100.444 100.726 102.161 1.717 1.435

Hermes fund – Innovation 30.000 30.000 30.000 0.000 0.000

Provisional budget – National Lottery 2.342 0.000 2.342 0.000 2.342

Impulse fi nancing for tUL 2.600 2.600 2.600 0.000 0.000

OV (-BOF) 704.969 708.474 739.121 34.152 30.647

TOTAL ‘actual SP’ 1,448.603 1,452.992 1,568.404 119.801 115.412

‘Actual R&D’2007

initial

2007

fi nal

2008

initial

Increase vs.

2007 initial

Increase vs.

2007 fi nal

EWI 579.449 581.807 661.985 82.536 80.178

BOF 100.444 100.726 102.161 1.717 1.435

Hermes fund – Innovation 30.000 30.000 30.000 0.000 0.000

Provisional budget – National Lottery 2.342 0.000 0.000 – 2.342 0.000

Impulse fi nancing for tUL 2.600 2.600 2.600 0.000 0.000

OV (-BOF) 178.953 179.823 191.487 12.534 11.665

TOTAL ‘actual R&D’ 893.788 894.956 988.233 94.445 93.278


The science policy within the other policy areas comprises those

science policy initiatives that do not come under the ‘actual science

policy’ (see Chapter 2.1). In other words, it is the science policy for

which the authority lies with the policy areas themselves, and that

authority is geared towards supporting and giving shape to the

‘actual science policy’.

This policy is situated within all the policy areas, except EWI, which

will be discussed point by point below. It represents 113.809 mil-

lion EUR: 7.2% of the total science and innovation policy. Of this,

63.531 million EUR is R&D funding, or 6.4% of the total volume

of R&D funds from the HBPWB (Horizontal Budget Programme for

Science Policy).

Of course, it is not the intention to explain each and every fund

from this section. For that, we would refer you to the website

www.speurgids.be, where you can consult all the detailed informa-

tion per fund in the form of index cards.

Services for the General Government PolicyThe DAR (Services for the General Government Policy) policy area is

providing 1.148 million EUR for research funds in 2008. This includes

such things as research funding for the Studiedienst van de Vlaamse

Regering and cofi nancing for the policy research centres for Sustain-

able Development, Equal Opportunities Strategy and the Public

Administration in Flanders.

Administrative AffairsA research budget of 1.235 million EUR has been provided under the

Administrative Affairs policy (BZ) area to fi nance research in relation

to urban policy and civic integration, in addition to cofi nancing the

policy research centres Equal Opportunities Strategy and the Public

Administration in Flanders.

Finance and BudgetA further 2.342 million EUR has been provided by way of provisional

funds to fi nance fundamental research. This is part of the expendi-

ture that will be fi nanced with the nett income from the profi ts of

the National Lottery; it is expected that this will be siphoned over to

the FWO (Fund for Scientifi c Research). Part of the provisional fund

to carry out the Limburg Plan will be planned as science funding.

In addition, there are the cofi nancing of the Policy Research Centre

Taxation and Budget and the interest charges on loans taken out by

the universities. 7.170 million EUR has been provided globally here

for the science policy.

Foreign AffairsIn the IV (Foreign Affairs) policy area too, there is cofi nancing for a

policy research centre: the Policy Research Centre for Foreign Policy,

Tourism and Recreation. Furthermore, in the Tourism programme

part of the subsidy to the Koninklijke Maatschappij voor Dierkunde

(Royal Zoological Society) in Antwerp and part of the grant to Flan-

ders Tourism is provided for science policy. 2.398 million EUR has

been provided globally in 2008 for science policy. Furthermore, the

Tourism programme reserves part of the funds for the science policy,

both from the subsidy to the Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp

and the grant to Flanders Tourism. This amounts to 2.398 million

EUR globally in 2008.

Education and Training3.806 million EUR has been provided to Science Policy (SP) funds

for other science policy initiatives in the OV (Education and Training)

policy area. This covers such things as the cofi nancing of the Policy

Research Centre Education and School Careers and the subsidy to

the OBPWO (Education Policy and Practical Scientifi c Research) and

the fi nancing of expertise networks, regional platforms and specifi c

teacher-training projects.

Welfare, Public Health and FamilyIn 2008, the global Science Policy budget of the WVG (Welfare,

Public Health and Family) policy area amounts to 6.743 million EUR.

There are the subsidies to the Policy Research Centre for Welfare,

Public Health and Family and to the Policy Research Centre for Envi-

ronment and Health. The Louis Pasteur scientifi c Institute for Public

Health also has an annual grant; there are also subsidies for the

recognised centres for human heredity, the Royal Academy of Medi-

cine and for epidemiological research and indicator collection. Child

and Family and the Flemish Agency for Persons with a Handicap also

provide for a scientifi c research section within their own budgets.

Culture, Youth, Sport and MediaWithin this policy area (CJSM), a global science fund of 15.901 mil-

lion EUR has been provided for 2008.There are science funds within

the Arts and Heritage programmes, the grant to the Royal Museum

of Fine Arts and subsidies to private archives, documentation centres

and custodial (reference) libraries. There is also the grant to the

Chapter 2.2.

Science policyin the other policy areas


Royal Academy for Dutch Language and Literature in Ghent, as well

as the budgets for the Sport programmes (research into medically

responsible sports, medical sport examinations and doping control)

and Media (expenditure on media innovation and part of the grant

to the VRT [Flemish Radio and Television]). Finally, there is cofi nanc-

ing for the Policy Research Centre for Culture, Youth and Sport.

Work and Social EconomyA budget of 0.398 million EUR is provided to science funds for stud-

ies and research within the WSE policy area.

Agriculture and FisheriesAs a Flemish Scientifi c institution, the Institute for Agricultural and

Fisheries Research (ILVO) occupies an import place here. Various

funds have also been allocated to Agriculture, Fisheries and Country-

side policy with which to fi nance the science policy, such as subsidies

to practice centres for agriculture and horticulture, agriculture

chambers, comicen [subsidised agricultural companies], horticultural

associations, monitoring services and subsidies in the interests of

agriculture and horticulture. There is the subsidy to VLAM – the

Flemish Centre for Agro- and Fishery Marketing. Overall, 22.507

million EUR has been planned for the science policy.

Environment, Nature and EnergyA total of 37.487 million EUR has been programmed for science

funds in this policy area. Research is being fi nanced both from the

general budgets (General, Nature, Forestry and Greenery and Energy

programmes) and from the MINA Fund (Fund for Prevention and

Redevelopment concerning Environment and Nature).

To bring cohesion to the multitude of research subjects, funds and

patrons, an Applied Scientifi c Ecological Research programme – or

TWOL – is drawn up annually. The TWOL programme aims at cohe-

sive organisation of the research projects by the various departments

of Ecology, Nature and Energy, the Flemish public institutes of the

VLM, VMM and OVAM and the scientifi c institution, the Institute

for Nature and Forestry Research (INBO). The research priorities

are promoted horizontally through the departments via strategic

projects within INBO. INBO started with three such projects in 2007:

knowledge development, monitoring and stock-taking and, fi nally,

sustainable use and management.

You can fi nd detailed explanations of the 2007 funds for the scien-

tifi c institutes of INBO, VMM, VLM, OVAM, Aquafi n, the TWOL

research programme and the Flemish Infrastructure Fund (VIF) on

www.speurgids.be.

Mobility and Public WorksMobility studies, mobility agreements, research into harbour matters

and expenditure on the Waterways Laboratory and Hydrological re-

search are covered by the MOW (Mobility and Public Works) policy

area. A total of 4.637 million EUR in science funds has been planned

here for science policy.

Town and Country Planning, Housing Policy and Immovable Herit-age (RWO)The grant to the scientifi c institute Flemish Heritage Institute (VIOE)

is the largest science fund of the RWO policy area. VIOE manages

and protects the archaeological heritage in Flanders and conducts

scientifi c research on it. There is also cofi nancing for the Policy

Research Centre for Spatial Planning and Housing. Here, the total

science funding amounts to 7.665 million EUR.

Higher EntitiesThere is one fund here: the science budget of the viWTA – the Flem-

ish Institute for Scientifi c and Technological Assessment – amount-

ing to 1.259 million EUR. This is part of the grant for the Flemish

Parliament.


2.3.1. Period of timeTable 12 and fi gure 10 illustrate the evolution of the government

funds for science and innovation policy. Successive govern-

ments have made science policy a priority and have provided the

requisite funds for it. Partly with the aid of the 75 million EUR in

new initiatives, the total Science Policy fund planned for 2008

amounts 1.682 billion EUR. The dip that can be seen in 2007 is

mainly due to the fact that the one-off fund of 75 million EUR to

the Flemish Innovation Fund (VINNOF) in 2005 and 2006 was

not repeated.

Chapter 2.3.

Analysis of the HorizontalBudget Programmefor Science Policy

Table 12: Evolution of the Horizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy (HBPWB) (in million EUR)

1993 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008i

R&D 326.78 575.12 595.68 625.07 711.26 770.69 820.67 898.64 967.95 952.67 1,051.45

STET 365.13 443.82 454.10 463.81 482.41 497.54 504.05 517.91 532.92 531.17 551.06

STS 31.88 88.04 77.27 76.79 75.13 66.97 68.16 72.28 75.10 77.52 79.39

SP 723.79 1,106.98 1,127.06 1,165.67 1,268.80 1,335.20 1,392.87 1,488.83 1,575.97 1,561.36 1,681.90

Figure 10: Evolution of the Horizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy (HBPWB) (in million EUR)


2.3.2. According to policy areaIn 2008, the global fund for the HBPWB (Horizontal Budget Pro-

gramme for Science Policy) amounts to 1.682 billion EUR, of which

1.051 billion is for research funds. Compared to the defi nitive funds

for 2007, this is an increase in the science budget of 120.5 million

EUR and in the R&D budget of 98.8 million EUR. Compared to the

defi nitive funds for 2006, the increases are respectively 105.9 million

and 83.5 million EUR.

These budgets are spread over all the policy areas alluded to above.

The policy areas of EWI and OV (Education and Training) account

jointly for 93.4% of the total HBPWB. Of course, the science policy

in the other policy areas is important for supporting and giving sub-

stance to their own policy. Table 13 shows the total SP fund per pol-

icy area, split up into research and development (R&D) and science

and technology services (STS). For the defi nitions, see above. The

apportionment in table 13 strictly follows the expenditure budget.

This means that the funds for the EWI Hermes Fund are accounted

for; the BOF (Special Research Fund) funds in the policy area of

Education and Training (OV) and the expected increase of 2.342 mil-

lion EUR for the FWO (Fund for Scientifi c Research – Flanders) from

the income from the National Lottery profi ts have been allocated to

the provisional fund in the Finance and Budget (FB) policy area. The

tUL impulse fi nancing is mentioned separately, following the same

reasoning.

Figure 11 shows the percentage ratios of the funds for the science

policy between the various policy areas.

Table 13: Distribution of the Horizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy (HBPWB) over the policy areas (in million EUR)

SP R&D STET STS

OV 848.567 296.984 548.611 2.973

EWI 722.180 691.985 0.000 30.195

LNE 37.487 18.095 0.017 19.375

LV 22.507 14.292 0.000 8.215

CJSM 15.901 3.908 0.000 11.993

RWO 7.665 4.954 0.000 2.712

FB 7.170 4.538 2.426 0.205

WVG 6.743 5.086 0.003 1.654

MOW 4.637 4.251 0.000 0.387

IV 2.398 1.151 0.000 1.248

BZ 1.235 1.235 0.000 0.000

DAR 1.148 1.148 0.000 0.000

WSE 0.398 0.398 0.000 0.000

Higher Entities 1.259 0.823 0.000 0.436

LRM impulse fi nancing tUL 2.600 2.600 0.000 0.000

TOTAL 1,681.895 1,051.447 551.057 79.392


Figure 12 shows that the R&D funds are apportioned somewhat

differently over the EWI and OV policy areas. The OV policy area

has the largest volume of science funds of all. However, because the

operational subsidies to the universities are composed of 25% R&D

and 75% STET (Education and Training), EWI is the policy area that

contains the largest volume of R&D funds.

DAR Services for the General Government Policy

BZ Administrative Affairs

FB Finance and Budget

IV Foreign Affairs

EWI Economy, Science and Innovation

OV Education and Training

WVG Welfare, Public Health and Family

CJSM Culture, Youth, Sport and Media

WSE Work and Social Economy

LV Agriculture and Fisheries

LNE Environment, Nature and Energy

MOW Mobility and Public Works

RWO Town and Country Planning, Housing Policy and Immovable Heritage

Higher Ent. Higher Entities

Impulsf. tUL LRM impulse fi nancing tUL

Figure 11: Distribution of the science and innovation policy funds in 2008 over the 13 policy areas

Figure 12: Distribution of the R&D funds in 2008 over the 13 policy areas


2.3.3. According to NABS classifi cationFigure 13 divides up the whole budget for the 2008 science policy

according to the new NABS classifi cation. NABS stands for Nomen-

clature for the Analysis and Comparison of Scientifi c Programmes

and Budgets and is an EU classifi cation system that subdivides the

government funds for R&D according to socio-economic objectives.

A review of the standard NABS 1993 classifi cation became necessary

because of the rapid developments in some of the research areas.

The new NABS 2007 classifi cation comes into effect this year. An im-

portant advantage of this classifi cation of R&D funds is that it makes

international comparisons possible – see further in Chapter 3.2.

Figure 13 shows the distribution of the HBPWB for 2008 according

to the new NABS 2007 classifi cation.

The largest volume of funds in 2008 goes to NABS 6 – industrial

production and technology: 409.6 million EUR or 38.77%. This

category appeared to be the largest in 2007 as well. Then follows

NABS 13 – general advancement of knowledge: R&D fi nanced

from other sources, with 305.7 million EUR (28.9%) and thereafter,

NABS12, R&D fi nanced from general university funds, with 210.8

million EUR (19.9%). Indeed, NABS 6 on the one hand and NABS

12 and 13 on the other constitute the two major poles of the science

policy: fundamental research as the basis for an ongoing technologi-

cal innovation policy. The other NABS categories together comprise

the other 12.3% of the R&D budget.

In accordance with the socio-economic objectives, it is also possible

to classify the civil R&D funds (thus, without defence research) as

follows: economic development, health and environment (social

structures, protection of the environment and exploitation of the

earth), space programmes, non-oriented research and general uni-

versity funds. The Flemish government does not fi nance defence re-

search, which means this budget for Flanders consequently concerns

the total GBAORD (Government Budget Appropriations or Outlays

for R&D). Other countries fi nance for a considerable part this type of

research: in 2006 France spent 22.4% of the total R&D budget on

defence, Spain 16.6%, Sweden 16.8%, the UK 28.3% and fi nally,

the leader in the fi eld – the USA with 56.9%.

The NABS classes can be aggregated into larger categories: economic

development, health and environment (social structures, protection

of the environment and exploitation of the terrestrial environment),

space-travel programmes, non-oriented research and general university

funds.

■ 1. Exploration and exploitation of the earth

■ 2. Environment

■ 4. Transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures

■ 6. Industrial production and technology

■ 7. Health

■ 8. Agriculture

■ 9. Education

■ 10. Culture, recreation, religion and mass media

■ 11. Political and social systems, structures and processes

■ 12. General advancement of knowledge: R&D fi nanced from general university funds (GUF)

■ 13. General advancement of knowledge: R&D fi nanced from other sources

Figure 13: Distribution of the 2008 R&D budget according to the new NABS 2007 classifi cationNABS 2007 is the name of the new NABS classifi cation and replaces the previous NABS 1993 classifi cation.


Figure 14: Evolution of the proportions of R&D expenditure by the Flemish government between research relating to economic development, health and environment, non-oriented (pure) research and general university funds between 1997 and 2008

Figure 14 shows the developments between 1997 and 2008.

It can be seen that the fi nancing of research for economic develop-

ment increases proportionately; in 1997 this still represented 33%

– but in 2008, no less than 44%. The relative share of research

fi nanced from general university funds decreased – from 28% in

1997 to 20% in 2008. The percentage share of research into health

and environment also decreased, whilst the percentage share of

non-oriented research is more or less the same over time.

Figure 14 once again shows the almost 50/50 ratio between non-

oriented and oriented research.


2.3.4. According to the six major categoriesTable 14 shows the apportionment of the total HBPWB budget over

the six major categories, as well as the sharp rise in the period 1993-

2008. There are spectacular increases in non-oriented research and

the operational subsidies to the universities on the one hand and in

industrial research on the other.

Figure 15 shows the apportionment of the whole budget for the

science policy (HBPWB) for 2008 over the six categories. The opera-

tion of universities and similar institutes is split up into university

operational subsidies, other subsidies to universities and other

similar institutes. The operational subsidies to universities account

for 39.5% of the total science budget. The funds for non-oriented

research at the universities take up 17.8% and industrial research

accounts for 28.2%.

Figure 15: Distribution of the funds for the 2008 science policy (HBPWB)

Year

Non

-ori

ente

d

rese

arch

Ope

rati

on o

f

univ

ersi

ties

and

sim

ilar

inst

itut

es

Indu

stri

al r

esea

rch

Gov

t. in

stit

utes

,

depa

rtm

ents

,

serv

ices

and

VO

Is

Hor

izon

tal

init

iati

ves,

pol

icy-

supp

orti

ng r

esea

rch

Glo

bal

scie

nce

polic

y

Total

1993 76.866 486.821 120.864 15.122 17.337 6.780 723.790

1994 81.487 547.837 133.743 19.246 27.092 11.140 820.545

1995 89.248 544.767 121.855 19.217 25.419 7.350 807.855

1996 106.930 551.373 146.549 40.183 28.333 17.921 891.288

1997 124.926 547.649 178.442 39.890 29.850 22.099 942.855

1998 137.439 553.162 207.867 40.380 41.704 32.704 1,013.256

1999 155.727 584.855 219.446 45.813 39.338 61.800 1,106.979

2000 171.906 600.460 216.199 54.372 43.771 40.348 1,127.056

2001 180.526 612.778 227.163 52.917 68.867 23.417 1,165.667

2002 190.964 641.860 292.746 48.983 67.338 26.911 1,268.801

2003 195.554 664.778 330.105 71.795 50.500 22.465 1,335.196

2004 218.288 676.164 378.606 65.300 31.201 23.314 1,392.873

2005 233.359 694.729 433.491 69.029 33.857 24.365 1,488.829

2006 256.512 718.485 465.475 72.741 36.434 26.325 1,575.972

2007 276.254 716.167 427.392 74.491 37.070 29.982 1,561.357

2008 300.210 750.445 474.496 77.185 38.515 41.046 1,681.895

Table 14: Distribution of the total Horizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy (HBPWB) (in million EUR)

■ Non-oriented research

■ Industrial research

■ Operational university subsidies

■ Govt. institutes, departments, services and VOIs

■ Other institutes

■ Global science policy

■ Other university subsidies

■ Horizontal initiatives, policy-supporting research


Below, the major global expenditure items are grouped according to

the aforementioned six categories. You will fi nd the full time period

of the HBPWB on the website www.speurgids.be.

1. Non-oriented research at the universitiesTable 15 comprises the funds for groundbreaking, non-oriented re-

search at universities. The funds for the Special Research Fund (BOF)

go directly to the universities and research council distributes them in

accordance with the university’s research policy. The budgets for the

IWT Flanders specialisation grants and for FWO Flanders mandates

and projects are indirectly distributed by those intermediaries. The

IWT specialisation grants are also in the table for non- oriented

research – they are after all doctorate grants. There is a global rise of

23.352 million EUR compared to 2007.

Table 15: Non-oriented research for 2008 at the universities (in million EUR)

2008

IWT specialisation grants 26.019

FWO Flanders 117.182

FWO Flanders (National Lottery) 9.370

FWO Flanders – provisional budget (National Lottery) 2.342

FWO Flanders – international research facilities 2.273

Odysseus programme 12.344

Hercules – fi nancing of (medium-)heavy research infrastructure (50%)* 7.500

Hercules – management remuneration (50%)* 0.3035

BOF subsidy 104.661

Methusalem programme 15.194

ZAP mandates 3.021

TOTAL 300.210

*Half of the grant to the Hercules Foundation in 2008 for the fi nancing of medium-heavy and heavy infrastructure, amounting to 15 million EUR, and the management remuneration of 0.607 million EUR, goes to non-oriented research, while the other half goes to strategic basic research.

Figure 16: Distribution of the non-oriented research 2008 The distribution of funds for non-oriented research in 2008 goes

47.8% via the FWO (Fund for Scientifi c Research), 40.9% via the

BOF, 8.7% via the IWT and 2.6% via the Hercules Foundation (50%

of the grant).


2. Operation of universities and equivalent institutes

The subsidies for the universities take up a major portion of

the funds for the science policy. The initial funds for 2008

amount to 634.477 million EUR, an increase of 20.198 mil-

lion EUR. Of this amount, 75% is for education and training

(STET), while 25% goes to research and development (R&D).

In application of the new financing decree, the 2008 budget

will probably be raised even further during the course of

2008. To be absolutely clear, we are referring to the initial

budget funds for 2008, as with all 2008 funds that are men-

tioned in this publication.

* To strengthen the involvement of research in academic courses at institutes of higher education, an additional 5.275 million EUR has been allocated in subsidies to the Education and Training policy area in 2008, apart from the 6.5 million EUR from the EWI policy area.

Table 16: Operation of universities and equivalent institutes (in million EUR)

Operational subsidies to universities Funds 2008

Catholic University of Brussels (KUBrussel) 3.912

Catholic University of Louvain (KULeuven) 232.771

University of Hasselt (UHasselt) 24.255

transnational University of Limburg (tUL) 0.668

University of Ghent (UGent) 204.687

University of Antwerp (UA) 88.535

Free University of Brussels (VUB) 79.649

Total operational subsidies 634.477

Funds for the academic content of graduate courses + funds for library digitalisation 14.662

LRM impulse fi nancing for tUL 2.600

Strengthening of the involvement of research in academic courses at institutes of higher education* 11.775

Subsidy to the associations 0.508

TOTAL 664.022

Other subsidies to universities Funds 2008

Financial burdens of universities 3.235

Real estate investments of universities 25.898

Subsidy for the social facilities of students 15.441

Employer contributions for free universities 23.429

TOTAL 68.003

Other similar institutes Funds 2008

Faculty of the protestant Theology (Brussels) 0.319

Institute of Jewish studies (IJOS) 0.163

Evangelical Theological Faculty (ETF) 0.150

Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School 1.819

Institute of Tropical Medecine “Prins Leopold” (I.T.G.) 10.527

Institute of Development Policy and Management (IOB) 2.025

Institute for European Studies (IES) 1.517

Post initial education 1.900

TOTAL 18.420


Figure 18: Evolution of the operational subsidies to the universities and supplementary funds (initial budget funds for 2008) (in million EUR)

Figure 17: Distribution of the operational subsidies to the universities in 2008 (on the basis of initial budget funds)


3. Financing of research and development of new technologies for the industry

Table 17 shows an overview and evolution of the funds for ori-

ented industrial research. Here, the funds amount to 474.8 million

EUR in 2008. A considerable portion of these funds is managed by

the IWT: 255.634 million EUR. The funds for the strategic research

centres IMEC, VITO, VIB and IBBT account for a volume of funds

of 145.977 million EUR in 2008, an increase of 10.429 million.

There are also structural budget increases for IMEC and VITO (see

Chapter 1.3).

* Half of the grant to the Hercules Foundation in 2008 for the fi nancing of medium-heavy and heavy infrastructure, amounting to 15 million EUR, and the management remuneration of 0.607 million EUR, goes to non-oriented research, while the other half goes to strategic basic research.

Table 17: Funds for oriented industrial research (in million EUR)

2008

IWT – Initiative of the Flemish government 44.434

IWT – Initiative of industry and innovation cooperative ventures 123.860

IWT – Innovative media projects 11.263

IWT – Flemish Innovation Network (VIN) 0.841

IWT – Flemish participation in the European programmes (Flemish point of contact -VCP) 0.283

IWT – Operation 11.848

IWT – Agricultural research 9.602

IWT – TETRA Fund 8.899

IWT – Biomedical research 6.000

IWT – Strategic basic research (SBO) 38.604

IMEC (Interuniversity Micro-Electronic Centre) 43.976

VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research) 39.754

VIB (Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology) 38.771

IBBT (Interdisciplinary Institute for BroadBand Technology) 23.476

Innovation (Hermes fund) 30.000

Industrial Research Fund (IOF) 16.699

Project-based Scientifi c Research (PWO) 9.500

Hercules – fi nancing (medium-) heavy research infrastructure (50%)* 7.500

Hercules – management remuneration (50%)* 0.3035

Interface services 2.762

Flanders DC 2.410

STV (Foundation Technology Flanders) 2.270

Limburg plan 1.440

TOTAL 474.496


After the dip in 2007 due to not repeating the 75 million EUR for the

VINNOF to fi nance innovation projects via venture capital, industrial

research in 2008 rises above the 2006 level.

■ IWT

■ SOCs

■ Innovation (Hermes)

■ IOF

■ PWO

Figure 19: Distribution of the funds for oriented industrial research in 2008

Table 18: Scientifi c institutes, departmental divisions and Flemish Public Institutions (VOIs) (in million EUR)

2008

Flemish Heritage Institute (VIOE) 5.534

Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) 12.980

Royal Museum for Fine Arts - Antwerp (KMSKA) 5.504

Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO) 16.970

Flemish Institute for Scientifi c and Technological Assessment (viWTA) 1.259

Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) 2.900

VRT 5.759

Scientifi c Institute of Public Health – Louis Pasteur 0.987

Child and Family (Kind en Gezin) 0.165

Flemish Agency for Persons with a Handicap (VAPH) 0.231

Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (KMDA) 2.619

Tourism Flanders 0.312

Public Environmental Agency of Flanders (VMM) 10.771

Public Waste Agency (OVAM) 1.315

AQUAFIN 4.204

Flemish Land Agency (VLM) 1.059

Environment and Nature Fund – MINA 631B1223 1.255

Hydrological Laboratory 2.439

Dutch Language Union 0.760

Institute of Plant Biotechnology for Developing Countries (IPBO) 0.091

International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH) 0.071

TOTAL 77.185

■ Hercules (50%)

■ Interface services

■ Flanders DC

■ STV

■ Limburg plan


4. Scientifi c institutes, departmental divisions and Flemish Public Institutions (VOIs)Here, the funds are distributed over the scientifi c institutes, certain

departmental divisions or Flemish Public Institutions (VOIs) that also

undertake research and the provision of scientifi c services. In 2008,

funds are mentioned here totalling 77.185 million EUR. Table 18

gives a summary of these scientifi c institutes, departmental divisions

and VOIs and the corresponding budget.

5. Horizontal initiatives and policy-supporting research and studiesThe funds for policy-supporting research and policy-oriented initia-

tives from the horizontal science policy are included here and jointly

account for 38.515 million EUR. However, this does not cover the

funds for the policy-relevant research carried out in all kinds of insti-

tutes, such as the Flemish scientifi c institutes, since these are covered

in category 4. The funds for the policy research centres are taken

into account, however.

After 2007, these initiatives have been classifi ed according to the 13

new policy areas as outlined by BBB (Better Administrative Policy).

The funds have risen steadily over the last few years, reaching 38.515

million EUR in 2008. At the 2007 budget control, new additional

funds were allocated in the budget in the policy area of Education and

Training (OV). These are STET funds via subsidies for specifi c projects

within the framework of teacher training and for fi nancing expertise

networks and regional platforms in relation to the decree on teacher

training in Flanders, amounting to 2.479 million EUR in 2008.

The funds mentioned here from the EWI policy area are the R&D

funds for the study of sustainable enterprise (0.051 million) and the

cofi nancing for the Policy Research Centre for Entrepreneurship and

International Entrepreneurship (0.267 million).

6. A variety of expenditure related to the general science policyThese cover the initiatives in support of the science policy as a

whole. The advisory bodies have been included here, since they sup-

port the global policy for science and technology.

Table 19: Horizontal initiatives and policy-supporting research and studies (in million EUR)

2008

DAR 1.236

BZ 0.586

FB 0.153

IV 0.295

EWI 0.318

OV 10.196

WVG 5.189

CJSM 4.375

WSE 0.398

LV 5.537

LNE 5.903

MOW 2.198

RWO 2.131

TOTAL 38.515

Table 20: A variety of expenditure related to the general science policy (in million EUR)

2008

Royal Academy for Medicine 0.171

Royal Academy for Sciences, Literature and Fine Arts 1.144

Royal Academy for Dutch Language and Literature – Ghent (KANTL) 0.263

Flemish Council for Science Policy (VRWB) 0.749

Conception, preparation and execution of scientifi c actions 1.185

Flemish electronic network 3.069

Publication of the science policy 3.426

International scientifi c co-operation 5.996

Flanders Technology International (FTI) Foundation 3.974

Inventarisation and valorisation of science and technology research (VIA) 0.050

Inventory of Scientifi c and Technological Research (IWETO) 0.259

Policy research centres 10.353

Various communications initiatives, with regard to science, technology and innovation 0.143

Expertise centres 1.744

“Human capital for science, technology and innovation” action plan 8.170

Participation to the European VISION ERA-Net 0.350

TOTAL 41.046


Table 21: Evolution of the initial, defi nitive, allocated and ordinanced Science Policy (SP) funds for HBPWB, 1997-2006

Budget year

Initial

SP budget

(million EUR)

Final

SP budget

(million EUR)

Allocated

SP budget

(million EUR)

Allocated

SP vs.

fi nal SP

budget (%)

% ordinanced of the

allocated SP budget

1997 943.23 942.86 940.45 99.7 94.0

1998 1,013.64 1,006.71 1,003.05 99.6 93.9

1999 1,107.30 1,122.06 1,099.60 99.4 91.7

2000 1,131.16 1,127.06 1,120.94 99.5 92.5

2001 1,155.549 1,165.669 1,147.899 98.5 88.7

2002 1,214.279 1,268.801 1,256.331 99.0 97.6

2003 1,321.910 1,335.197 1,326.806 99.4 95.3

2004 1,418.101 1,392.873 1,367.665 99.2 93.4

2005 1,486.495 1,488.829 1,485.631 99.8 93.4

2006 1,573.737 1,575.972 1,570.561 99.8 90.2

The Horizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy (HBPWB)

indicates for a particular year how much money is earmarked for

science policy according to plan, and for what activities. Where the

HBPWB is looking ahead, the expenditure analysis will on the other

hand check whether the money budgeted has indeed been spent,

and on what precisely.

An accurate understanding of the expenditure is a basic parameter

for being able to meet future needs. It might appear that a project

did not get off the ground or was postponed, or cost more than was

envisaged, that certain sums of money were used for different pur-

poses. It should be remembered that an ad-hoc adjustment on the

grounds of a re-orientation of the policy accents during the course

of the year is part of the normal course of affairs. The interaction

between the HBPWB and the expenditure analysis enables a deeper

understanding and better orientation when drawing up the subse-

quent budget. Thus, the information obtained via the Horizontal

Budget Programme for Science Policy can be essentially supplement-

ed and completed – so that the expenditure of all funds on science,

technology and innovation can be properly evaluated.

Of course, it is impossible to discuss the expenditure analyses

for the previous three years in detail. For this reason, the three

most important global results follow here, with details only where

necessary.

For certain Basic Allocations, for which global subsidies or grants for

institutes are recorded, no detailed analysis has been made. This is

the case with FWO Flanders and IWT and for the strategic research

centres and the Flemish Scientifi c institutes. They each have their

own account management system, which cannot supply further

details via the Financial System.

Finally, we would also mention that for IWT and the Hermes Fund,

only the allocation authorisations have been taken into account and

not the grants, because the HBPWB is always based on the descrip-

tion of the actual policy area. The complete allocation authorisations

have been included; how these funds are paid out is published in the

annual reports.

Table 21 compares the global science policy budget, whereby

a distinction is made between initial and definitive funds,

with the actual Science Policy funds allocated. The last

column shows the percentage that was officially ordered for

payment. This is the section for which the instruction to pay

was given.

Chapter 2.4.

Expenditure analysis of theScience and Innovation Policy


There is clearly a very good correlation between the planned

and the finally allocated SP fund. With regard to the ordi-

nanced SP fund (ordered for payment) we would point out

that the expenditure analysis of the budget year was done

during the course of the year following. But not all payments

of allocations made had already been carried out then: the

actual amount is therefore higher and closer to the allocated

fund.

Figure 20: Evolution of the initial, defi nitive, allocated and ordinanced Science Policy (SP) funds for HBPWB, 1997-2006 (million EUR)

Part 3

R&D GovernmentExpenditure for Flandersin the International Context

48 PART 3 • R&D-GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE FOR FLANDERS IN THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT

The government’s expenditure is expressed in GBAORD (Govern-

ment Budget Appropriations or Outlays for R&D), these being the

government funds available for R&D. It is an indicator used by the

OECD and EUROSTAT, which gives an idea of the government’s

input for R&D. Table 22 shows an international comparison of the

GBAORD as a percentage of GDP. The calculation method of the

Flemish fi gure is explained in Chapter 3.2.

Chapter 3.1.

International comparison of the government’s expenditure on R&D (GBAORD)

Table 22: International comparison of government expenditure on R&D (GBAORD), expressed as a percentage of GD(R)P

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008i

Flanders* 0.61% 0.64% 0.67% 0,67% 0.68% 0.70% 0.67% 0.69%

Belgium 0.59% 0.60% 0.61% 0,59% 0.60% 0.61% 0.61%

Germany 0.78% 0.78% 0.79% 0,77% 0.77% 0.77% no data

France 0.99% 1.00% 0.99% 0,96% 0.97% 1.02% no data

United Kingdom 0.68% 0.77% 0.76% 0,71% 0.73% 0.75% no data

Ireland 0.32% 0.33% 0.34% 0,44% 0.47% 0.48% no data

Netherlands 0.75% 0.74% 0.74% 0,73% 0.70% 0.72% 0.71%

Denmark 0.75% 0.73% 0.73% 0,72% 0.71% 0.72% 0.78%

Finland 0.97% 0.96% 1.00% 1,01% 1.03% 1.00% 0.99%

Sweden 0.84% 0.90% 0.95% 0,90% 0.89% 0.87% no data

Italy 0.68% no data no data no data 0.67% 0.62% no data

Portugal 0.60% 0.67% 0.61% 0,64% 0.73% 0.72% 0.76%

Spain 0.66% 0.74% 0.73% 0,80% 0.84% 0.99% no data

United States 0.91% 0.99% 1.05% 1,09% 1.06% 1.04% 1.03%

Japan 0.70% 0.72% 0.73% 0,72% 0.71% 0.70% no data

EU-25 0.73% 0.75% 0.74% 0,74% 0.73% 0.74% no data

EU-27 0.72% 0.74% 0.73% 0,73% 0.72% 0.73% no data

Source: OECD – MSTI 2007-2* Flemish government R&D funds + 56 % of the federal R&D funds (variant 2 – see chapter 3.2)

At the European Top, which took place in Lisbon in March of 2000,

the goal of making Europe the most competitive, knowledge-based

economy of the world by the end of 2010 was announced. To be able

to realise this, a further step was taken at the Top in Barcelona (March

2002), where it was decided that the objective for 2010 is to increase

R&D expenditures (GERD) by 3% of the GDP (Gross domestic prod-

uct) in the EU. Research and development do, after all, play a crucial

role in the development of a fl ourishing economy. As an additional

objective, it was decided that one third of the R&D expenditures must

be fi nanced by government and the other two thirds by industry.

Flanders fully supports this European ambition, and it translated this

objective within a Flemish context through the so-called Innovation

Pact. This pact was signed in March 2003, and it contains a formal

engagement by all involved actors in the Flemish innovation landscape

(government, business community, universities and research institutes)

to jointly realise this 3% objective by means of complementary efforts.

This section examines in detail the expenditure on R&D by Flanders,

in particular that of the Flemish government, and compares it with

that of other countries.

49PART 3 • R&D-GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE FOR FLANDERS IN THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT

It is clear that the fi gures for the government’s R&D expenditure,

expressed as % GDP, do not rise everywhere year after year. In some

countries it stagnates, in others there is even a drop over several

years. If we compare the latest fi gures from the selected countries

with Flanders (fi gure 21), then we can see that Flanders scores lower

than the EU27 average as regards government R&D funds.

It should also be pointed out that certain countries provide a sub-

stantial proportion of their R&D expenditure for defence (see also

the explanation of the NABS analysis in Chapter 2.3). The USA is the

leader in this regard with 56.9% of their R&D budget for defence

in 2006, the UK 28.3%, France 22.4%, Sweden 16.8% and Spain

16.6%. The Flemish government fi nances absolutely no research in

the defence sector.

According to the socio-economic objectives, we can categorise the

civil R&D funds (this is the GBAORD without defence R&D) as fol-

lows:

Economic development;•

Health and Environment (This should be interpreted broadly: •

control and care of the environment, exploration and exploitation

of earth, as well as social structures and relationships);

Space R&D programmes;•

Non-oriented research;•

General university funds.•

Source: OECD – MSTI 2007-2Year: Flanders: 2008; Belgium, Netherlands, Portugal, Denmark, Finland and the USA: 2007; other countries and EU-27 average: 2006Flanders*: Flemish government funds + 56 % of the federal funds

Figure 21: International comparison of government expenditure on R&D (GBAORD), expressed as a percentage of GD(R)P


Figure 22 compares Flanders International with the ratios of the

aforementioned categories per country compared with the total

civilian GBAORD. The countries are arranged in order of decreasing

share of economic development. It is striking that the Flemish gov-

ernment, compared with the other countries listed, directs relatively

the largest portion of research fi nancing towards economic develop-

ment – more than 44% On the other hand, the Flemish govern-

ment does not fi nance any research that is directly related to space

exploration programmes. Helped by funds from the Federal science

policy budget, Belgium does score highly here: 10.5%.

Figure 22: International comparison of the civil GBAORD (exc. defence research): ratios of economic development, health and environment, space programmes, non-oriented research and general university funds

Source: OECD – MSTI 2007-2Year: Flanders: 2008; Netherlands, Portugal, Denmark, Finland and the USA: 2007; other countries in the EU-27 average: 2006Flanders*: Only Flemish government funds


The R&D intensity – the percentage of gross domestic (regional)

product GD(R)P appropriated to R&D – is calculated on the basis

of the results from the biennial OECD R&D surveys. For the 2006

survey (2004-2005 period) the results are published by the Policy

Research Centre for R&D Indicators in the 2007 Indicatorenboek

(Indicators Book) (table 23). After the drop in R&D intensity (GERD/

GD(R)P) in the period 2001-2004, the tide appears to be turning

and the total R&D expenditure rises again slightly in 2005.

Chapter 3.2.

The R&D intensity in Flanders

Table 23: Evolution of R&D intensity in Flanders

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

GERDgew1/GDRP 2.38 2.17 2.09 2.03 2.09

GERDgem2/GDRP 2.43 2.22 2.13 2.07 2.13

Source: Indicatorenboek (Indicators Book) 2007, Policy Research Centre for R&D Indicators1. GERDgew: region-based calculation of GERD. The R&D expenditures of the Flemish institutes located in the Brussels-Capital Region are not taken into account.2. GERDgem: community-based calculation of GERD. The R&D expenditures of the Flemish institutes located in the Brussels-Capital Region are taken into account. This calculation results in a higher value of the total R&D intensity for Flanders.

For the period 2006-2008, however, there are no survey data avail-

able yet, nor any alternative sources of information. Consequently,

for the present purpose, as in the 2007 Budget Browser, a calculation

is included to approximate the results for the most recent years. Of

course, a certain circumspection is justifi able for this approximative

method, as data are being put together which are obtained through

two different methodologies.

The combined efforts of the government are calculated here by

working out different variants.

1. The efforts of the Flemish government by itselfThis is the Flemish GBAORD in the strict sense, fi nanced by the

Flemish government alone;

2. The efforts of the Flemish government+ the Flemish share in the Federal government fundsIn Flanders, R&D activities are also fi nanced with Federal govern-

ment R&D funds. When this share of the Federal government

is counted into the Flemish GBAORD in the strict sense (1), a

GBAORD is obtained for Flanders that is possibly closer to reality.

This variant is consequently the most suitable for an interna-

tional comparison of the GBAORD. When calculating Flanders’

share in the Federal government funds, two formulae are used

(F=Flemish):

35.5%F European Space Agency (Source: Flemish Council for •

Science Policy – VRWB) and 56% for the rest of the Federal

R&D funds;

56%F: the general formula for the federal science funds used •

until now.

3. The efforts of the Flemish government + the Flemish share in the Federal government funds + the Flemish share in the funds of the EU research programmes (Framework programmes)With variant 2, the Flemish return from the EU research programmes

can also be counted, since here too it is a question of R&D activities

fi nanced with government funds. However, the result can no longer

be considered as GBAORD, but is actually a third variant that can

be used for calculating the publicly fi nanced portion of the R&D

intensity.

The fi nal public fi nanced share of the R&D expenditure as meas-

ured via the R&D survey, is situated in between these three variants

(fi gure 23).


Figure 23: Comparison of publicly fi nanced R&D intensity (R&D survey) with approximative calculation via GBAORD (variants 1, 2 and 3)

The efforts from industry are calculated through the BERD (ex-

penditure on R&D in the business enterprise sector), expressed as a

percentage of GDP, as obtained from the R&D surveys of the profi t

sector. For the period 2006-2008, for which no survey data are

available yet, the same fi gure as that for 2005 is kept.

The results of this exercise are illustrated in table 24. If we look at

the R&D funds of the Flemish government, then – after the regres-

sion in 2007 – we see a sharp rise in the absolute fi gures in 2008,

mainly due to the extra 75 million EUR in new structural policy funds

and accents in 2008. Taking the HBPWB as a whole, government

R&D funds have increased by 98.8 million EUR to 1.051 billion EUR.

In spite of these considerable government efforts, the 1% norm

(bottom half of table 24: variants 1, 2 and 3 without BERD) is clearly

not yet in sight.

If we only look at the R&D expenditure under the Flemish govern-

ment budget, then we will see in fi gure 24 that, after the dip in

2007, the 2006 level is reached again in 2008. Nevertheless, the

government’s R&D expenditure rose by 83.5 million EUR in two

years; in other words, the rise in the Flemish GDP is an important

factor in the fi nal settlement.

Figure 24: Evolution of the % R&D/GDP Flanders, taking only the Flemish government’s funds into account (variant 1)


Table 24: Evolution of R&D efforts and R&D efforts as a percentage of GD(R)P by the Flemish government

R&D budget

(in million EUR)2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Flemish government (1) 625.071 711.258 770.687 820.666 898.638 967.954 952.670 1,051.447

Flemish share of Federal government (2)

240.052 235.515 252.597 248.878 233.595 252.013 260.604 260.604

Flemish share of Federal Government (3)

272.383 268.151 279.271 282.974 259.004 286.184 298.690 298.690

Total F + Fed (2) 865.123 946.773 1,023.284 1,069.544 1,132.233 1,219.967 1,213.274 1,312.051

Total F + Fed (3) 897.454 979.409 1,049.958 1,103.640 1,157.642 1,254.138 1,251.360 1,350.137

Flemish share EU (4) 70.723 70.723 88.250 88.250 88.250 88.250 88.250 88.250

F + Fed (2) + EU 935.845 1,017.495 1,111.534 1,157.794 1,220.483 1,308.217 1,301.524 1,400.301

F + Fed (3) + EU 968.177 1,050.131 1,138.208 1,191.890 1,245.892 1,342.388 1,339.610 1,438.387

GDRP (5) in million EUR 147,999.4 152,714.9 157,115.1 164,948.3 170,266.2 179,050.9 187,564.8 195,716.4

R&D as a

% of GDRP2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Flemish government (1) 0.42 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.53 0.54 0.51 0.54

F + Federal government (2) 0.58 0.62 0.65 0.65 0.66 0.68 0.65 0.67

F + Federal government (3) 0.61 0.64 0.67 0.67 0.68 0.70 0.67 0.69

F + Fed (2) + EU 0.63 0.67 0.71 0.70 0.72 0.73 0.69 0.72

F + Fed (3) + EU 0.65 0.69 0.72 0.72 0.73 0.75 0.71 0.73

BERD (6) 1.84 1.61 1.51 1.42 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.46

Total F + BERD 2.26 2.08 2.00 1.92 1.99 2.00 1.97 2.00

Total govt. (2) + BERD 2.47 2.28 2.22 2.12 2.18 2.19 2.15 2.18

Total govt. (3) + BERD 2.49 2.30 2.23 2.14 2.19 2.21 2.17 2.19

(1) Flemish government, as defi ned in the HBPWB – fi nal budgets 2001-2007; initial budget 2008;(2) Flemish share in the Federal government R&D funds: ESA distribution key at 35.5% Flemish (source: VRWB – Flemish Indicators Book 2005) and the rest of Federal government R&D funds at 56% Flemish. Federal government R&D funds: source: CFS/STAT. For 2007 and 2008: initial budget of 2007 used;(3) Flemish share in the Federal R&D funds, according to the distribution key 56% F;(4) Estimated according to the calculated Flemish return for the 5th Framework Programme for 2001 and 2002) and for the 6th Framework Programme for 2003-2006. The same return was applied for the following years. Sources: Flanders in the European 5th Framework Programme for research, P. Dengis, E. Dewallef and K. Verlaeckt, 2005; Flanders in the European 6th Framework Programme for research, P. Dengis, E. Dewallef and M. Van Langenhove, in preparation;(5) Source: Studiedienst Vlaamse Regering (SVR) – Flemish government (version of the calculations dated 21 May 2007), on the basis of vari-ous sources: 2001-2004: INR; 2005-2008: estimation by SVR;(6) Source: Indicatorenboek (Indicators Book), Policy Research Centre for R&D Indicators, March 2007. The % BERD 2005 was used for 2006-2008.

Figure 25: Evolution of the % R&D/GDP Flanders (Flemish gov-ernment funds + 56% share in the Federal R&D funds + Flemish return on EU-KP (variant 3) + BERD), as approximative method for calculating R&D intensity

Figure 25 shows the evolution of the results of the approximative

calculation method described above for the R&D intensity (bottom

line in table 24). For 2006-2008, the 2005 % BERD (1.46%) was

kept. There is a clear downward trend until 2004, the rise in 2005,

followed by near-stagnation in the period between 2005 and now.

The 2008 level reaches that of 2005 again. Continuing along with

the results of this approximative method, the 3% norm for Flanders

appears a long way off.

54

We hope that you have read this fi rst EWI-Budget Browser with

interest and, above all, that you have found the answers to

your questions here.

Do you have any comments or suggestions? If you do still

have a question about the economy, science and innova-

tion policy of the Flemish government, do contact us via

[email protected].

And if you require a more detailed explanation with regard to a

certain budget, programme, policy aspect, institution etc., surf to

www.speurgids.be. There you can browse to fi nd the informa-

tion you need and download other EWI publications free-of-

charge as a PDF fi le.

In the course of the year, you will also be able to consult the

adapted funds for 2008 (after budget control), and you can

consult the archive of the science policy funds for the years 1993

to 2007.

To remain fully up-to-date, do visit our website regularly, at

www.ewi-vlaanderen.be.

Furthermore, we would like to refer you to the EWI Reviews

which highlight several policy area-related topics.

Used abbreviations

BA Basic allocation

BAMA Bachelor-Masters structure

BBB Beter Bestuurlijk Beleid (Better Administrative Policy)

BEA Budget for economic advice

BERD Expenditure on R&D in the Business Enterprise Sector

BOF Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds (Special Research Fund)

BP Budget programme

BZ Bestuurszaken (Administrative Affairs)

CJSM Cultuur, Jeugd, Sport en Media

(Culture, Youth, Sport and Media)

DAR Diensten voor het Algemeen Regeringsbeleid

(Services for the General Government Policy)

EFRD European Fund for Regional Development

ESA European Space Agency

ESF European Social Fund

EU European Union

EVA Extern Verzelfstandigd Agentschap

(External Independent Agency)

EWI Economie, Wetenschap en Innovatie

(Economy, Science and Innovation)

FB Finance and Budget

FFEU Financieringsfonds voor Schuldafbouw en Eenmalige

Investeringsuitgaven (Financing Fund for one-off

Investment Expenditures)

FP Framework Programme

FTI Flanders Technology International

FWO Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek – Vlaanderen

(Fund for Scientifi c Research – Flanders)

GBAORD Government Budget Appropriations or Outlays for

Research and Development

GBOU Generisch Basisonderzoek aan de Universiteiten

(Generic Basic Research at Universities)

GDRP Gross Domestic Regional Product

GERD Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D

GIMV Gewestelijke Investeringsmaatschappij Vlaanderen

(Regional Investment Company – Flanders)

HBPWB Horizontaal Begrotingsprogramma Wetenschapsbeleid

(Horizontal Budget Programme for Science Policy)

IBBT Interdisciplinary Institute for BroadBand Technology

ICT Information and Communications Technology

ILVO Instituut voor Landbouw- en Visserijonderzoek

(Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research)

IMEC Interuniversity Micro-Electronic Centre

INBO Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek

(Research Institute for Nature and Forest)

IOF Industrieel Onderzoeksfonds (Industrial Research Fund)

ITG Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde

(Institute for Tropical Medicine)

Contributors

DAR: Tine Mortelmans, Frank Steenput, Heidi Vander Poorten; An

Van Acker; Oda Walpot; Studiedienst van de Vlaamse Regering: Josée

Lemaître, Thierry Vergeynst; BZ: Annemie Degroote, Ilse Snelders,

Fatima Tigra; FB: Bart Dewandeleer, Stefan Lagast, Tom Van Laere,

Jean Dekempeneer; IV: Toerisme Vlaanderen: Jan Van Praet; EWI:

IWT: Paul Zeeuwts; FWO: Benno Hinnekint; PMV: Bart De Smet;

VPM: Herman Daems; LRM: Lieve Ketelslegers; STV: Paul Berckmans;

Agentschap Economie: Tim Ampe; all EWI department contributors;

OV: Lieven Blomme, Noël Vercruysse, Evy Vogeleer, Micheline Scheys;

WVG: Fred Deven, Els Meert, Jos Versaen, Herwin De Kind, Herwig

Deumens; Vlaams Agentschap voor Personen met een Handicap:

Rudi Kennes, Marc Cloet; Kind en Gezin: Bea Buysse; CJSM: Jasmine

Choua; Peter Jolling, Geert Elshout; Patrick Ghelen, Caroline De

Pauw; KMSKA: Marjolijn Barbier; WSE: Johan Troch; LV: Dirk Van

Gijseghem; ILVO: Johan Van Waes; VLAM: Luc Van Bellegem; Jean

De Lescluze; LNE: Philippe Van Haver; Marnix De Vrieze, Katrien

Oorts, Jan Vereecke; INBO: Jurgen Tack; Dominique Aerts; Jos

Van Slycken; OVAM: Luc Vanacker; VLM: Roland De Paepe, Sofi e

Ducheyne; VMM: Line Vancraeynest; MOW: Wilfried Goossens, Frank

Mostaert, Lieve Van de Water; RWO: Sofi e Houvenaghel, Ronald van

Paassen; VIOE: Dirk Callebaut; Flemish Parliament: viWTA: Robby

Berloznik, Lieve Vandamme; IMEC: Els Parton, Katrien Marent; VIB:

Lieve Ongena; VITO: Dirk Fransaer; IBBT: Karen Boers; KMDA: Zjef

Pereboom; KANTL: Marijke De Wit; AQUAFIN: Chris Thoeye; Greet

De Gueldre; Eev Breugelmans.

55

IV Internationaal Vlaanderen (Foreign Affairs)

IVA Intern Verzelfstandigd Agentschap

(Internal Independent Agency)

IWETO Inventaris van het Wetenschappelijk en Technologisch

Onderzoek (Inventory of Scientifi c and Technological

Research)

IWT Instituut voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie

in Vlaanderen (Institute for Innovation by Science and

Technology in Flanders)

KMDA Koninklijke Maatschappij voor Dierkunde te Antwerpen

(Royal Zoological Society – Antwerp)

KMSKA Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen

(Museum for Fine Arts Antwerp)

KUBrussel Katholieke Universiteit Brussel

(Catholic University of Brussels)

KULeuven Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

(Catholic University of Louvain)

LNE Leefmilieu, Natuur en Energie

(Environment, Nature and Energy)

LRM Limburgse Reconversiemaatschappij

(Limburg Investment Company)

LV Landbouw en Visserij (Agriculture and Fisheries)

MER Milieueffectenrapport (Environmental Effects Report)

MINA Fund Environment and Nature Fund

MIRA Milieu- en Natuurrapport Vlaanderen

(Environment and Nature Report Flanders)

MOD Managementondersteunende Diensten

(Management Support Services)

MOW Mobiliteit en Openbare Werken

(Mobility and Public Works)

NABS Nomenclature for the analysis and comparison of scientifi c

programmes and budgets

NACE General Industrial Classifi cation of Economic Activities

within the European Communities

OA Organisatieafdeling (Organisation Division)

OBPWO Onderwijskundig Beleids- en Praktijkgericht

Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

(Education Policy and Practical Scientifi c Research)

OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

OV Onderwijs en Vorming (Education and Training)

OVAM Openbare Vlaamse Afvalstoffenmaatschappij

(Public Waste Agency of Flanders)

PMV ParticipatieMaatschappij Vlaanderen

(Flanders Participation Company)

PROG. Begrotingsprogramma (Budget programme)

PWO Projectmatig Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

(Project-based Scientifi c Research)

R&D Research and Development

RO Ruimtelijke ordening (Urban Planning)

ROW Ruimtelijke Ordening, Woonbeleid en Onroerend

Erfgoed (Town and Country Planning, Housing Policy

and Immovable Heritage)

SBO Strategisch Basisonderzoek (Strategic basic research)

SERV Sociaal-Economische Raad van Vlaanderen

(Socio-economic Council of Flanders)

SME Small or Medium-sized Enterprise

SP Science policy

STET Scientifi c and Technical Education and Training

STS Scientifi c and technological services

TPP Technological Product and Process

tUL Transnationale Universiteit Limburg

(transnational University of Limburg)

TWOL Toegepast Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Leefmilieu

(Applied Scientifi c Research into the Environment)

UA Universiteit Antwerpen (University of Antwerp)

UGent Universiteit Gent (University of Ghent)

UHasselt Universiteit Hasselt (University of Hasselt)

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientifi c and Cultural

Organization

UNU United Nations University

VESOC Vlaams Economisch Sociaal Overlegcomité

(Economic and Social Consultation Committee of Flanders)

VIB Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie

(Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology)

VIN Vlaams Innovatie Netwerk

(Flemish Innovation Network)

VINNOF Vlaams Innovatiefonds (Flemish Innovation Fund)

VIOE Vlaams Instituut voor het Onroerend Erfgoed

(Flemish Heritage Institute)

VITO Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek

(Flemish Institute for Technological Research)

viWTA Vlaams instituut voor Wetenschappelijk en

Technologisch Aspectenonderzoek (Flemish Institute for

scientifi c and Technological Assessment)

VIZO Vlaams Instituut voor het Zelfstandig Ondernemen

(Flemish Institute for Independent Entrepreneurs)

VLAM Vlaams Centrum voor Agro- en Visserijmarketing vzw

(Flanders Agricultural Marketing Board)

VLAO Vlaams Agentschap Ondernemen (Flanders Enterprise)

VLAREM Vlaams reglement betreffende de milieuvergunning

(Flemish Regulations related to Environmental Licensing)

VLIZ Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee

(Flanders Marine Institute)

VLM Vlaamse Landmaatschappij

(Flemish Land Agency)

VMM Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij

(Public Environmental Agency of Flanders)

VOI Vlaamse Openbare Instelling

(Flemish Public Institution)

VPM Vlaamse Participatiemaatschappij

(Flemish Participation Company)

VRT Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroep

(Flemish Community Broadcasting Company)

VRWB Vlaamse Raad voor Wetenschapsbeleid

(Flemish Council for Science Policy)

VUB Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University of Brussels)

VZW Vereniging zonder winstoogmerk

(not-for-profi t organisation)

WSE Werk en Sociale Economie

(Work and Social Economy)

WVG Welzijn, Volksgezondheid en Gezin

(Welfare, Public Health and Family)

ZAP Zelfstandig Academisch Personeel

(Independent Academic Personnel)

56

Colophon

The EWI-Budget Browser is a publication of the department of

Economy, Science and Innovation of the Flemish government.

Statistics and Indicators team

Pascale Dengis, Team Leader

Koning Albert II-laan 35, bus 10

1030 Brussels

T +32 (0)2 553 57 40

[email protected]

www.speurgids.be

Compilation and responsible publisher:

Koen Waeyaert and Pascale Dengis

Responsible publisher:

Veerle Lories

Deze publicatie is eveneens in het Nederlands beschikbaar.

D/2008/3241/082

EWI-Budget Browser

2008

Combining Economy, Science and Innovation for a better society

Flemish governmentDepartment of Economy, Science and InnovationKoning Albert II-laan 35 bus 101030 [email protected]

ewi budget browser 2008

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