Events in the United States from 1790 to 1850

2011-2012 USVA SOL Part V

This man created the Cotton Gin

and Interchangeable parts

Eli Whitney

The presidential election of 1800, won by, was the first American presidential election in which

power was peacefully transferred from one political party to another.

Thomas Jefferson

Led by John Adams and Alexander Hamilton, this party typically believed in a strong national government and commercial

economy. They were supported by bankers and business interests in

the Northeast.

The Federalist Party

Led by Thomas Jefferson, this political party believed in a weak

national government and an agricultural economy. They were supported by farmers, artisans,

and frontier settlers in the South.

Democratic-Republican Party

These two US Supreme Court cases are the foundation

blocks of the Supreme Court’s authority to mediate

disagreements between branches of governments, levels of government, and

competing business interests.

McCulloch v. Maryland and

Gibbons v. Ogden

• 1803 agreement with France to buy all of Louisiana (the French name for all of the land in the Mississippi River Valley) for $15 million

• Doubled the size of the United States• Negotiated by James Monroe• Approved by Thomas Jefferson in a

massive departure from his usual adherence to strict construction

• Explored by Lewis and Clark

Louisiana Purchase

• Two explorers sent by Thomas Jefferson to map and document land acquired in the Louisiana Purchase

• Expedition lasted from 1804 – 1806• Journeyed west from St. Louis all the way

to the Pacific Ocean and back• Received assistance from Indian guide

Sacagawea (who is commemorated on the new dollar coins)

Lewis and Clark

fourth president of the United States

James Madison

• War fought between the United States and Britain from 1812-1814

• Fought over trade rights• Called Mr. Madison’s War by critics, who

blamed President James Madison for the war’s failures; led critics to meet at the Hartford Convention

• Occasion for the composition of “The Star Spangled Banner”

• Ended on a high note for Americans after the Battle of New Orleans

War of 1812

• Written by Francis Scott Key during the War of 1812 as a battle took place over Fort McHenry near Baltimore

• Later adopted as the National Anthem of the United Sates of America

“Star Spangled Banner”

The treaty that ended the War of 1812

Treaty of Ghent

• Fought in 1814• Last battle in the War of 1812• Fought two weeks after the British

and the Americans had agreed to a treaty.

• Massively outnumbered Americans routed an immense British army while sustaining almost no casualties.

• Vaulted General Andrew Jackson to national fame

Battle of New Orleans

As part of the plan known as the American System, President Madison proposed this tariff.

The tariff increased the cost of foreign-made goods and thus make American goods more attractive.

Tariff of 1816

5th President of the United States

• Nickname for the years during during James Monroe's presidency

• Known this way because America was at peace and had only one political party (the federalists having dissolved)

• Not an entirely accurate moniker for a period with its share of problems, including those that led to the issuance of the Monroe Doctrine

Era of good feeling

• Foreign policy position during James Monroe’s presidency

• Declared that the United States would not brook European interference in affairs of the Americas, just as the United States would not muddle in European affairs

• Greeted by most European nations with silence, which the United States interpreted as acquiescence

• Later served as the basis for the Roosevelt Corollary

Monroe Doctrine

Under this compromise, Maine was admitted as a free state

and Missouri as a slave state?

Missouri Compromise

Treaty that settled a border dispute between Spain and US.Spain handed over Florida to

the United States in the treaty.

Adams-Onís Treaty

6th President of the United States

John Quincy Adams

• Nickname for the back-room agreement that allowed John Quincy Adams to win the presidential election of 1824

• When none of the four candidates received a majority of the votes in the electoral college, the final decision fell to the house of representatives

• Henry clay, who had received the fewest votes of the four candidates, threw his support to the second-place finisher, John Quincy Adams, giving Adams enough votes to defeat the first-place finisher, Andrew Jackson

• Adams then appointed Clay to be his secretary of state, a powerful post from which the last four presidents had advanced to the presidency

• Jackson’s supporters cried foul, labeling the machinations the “corrupt bargain”

• The outcry weakened Adams and Clay, preventing Adams from accomplishing any thing as president, and preventing clay from mounting a credible campaign to become president

“corrupt bargain”

Who became the 7th president of the United States? He brought in the “Age of the Common Man”

Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson personified the “democratic spirit” of the age by

challenging the economic elite and rewarding campaign supporters with public office. What is this known as?

Spoils System

In 1830, this law ordered all Native Americans to move west of the

Mississippi river?

Indian Removal Act

• Name for the forced removal of the Cherokee tribe of Native Americans from North Carolina to Oklahoma by the United States Army in the 1830’s

• The Cherokee were forced to walk 1,200 miles west through the winter

• More than 25 percent died along the way

Trail of Tears

In response to the actions taken by president Andrew Jackson

during his time in office this newly formed party wanted to limit the

power of the president?

The Whig party

John C. Calhoun opposed the Tariff of 1832. He called it this,

because he believed that it hurt the South.

Tariff of Abominations

Jackson viewed this as an agent of the wealthy and elite – a group he

deeply distrusted. He vowed to destroy it

• 1832 crisis that tested the power of the federal government as designed by the Constitution against states’ rights

• Precipitated by congressional renewal of a high tariff on imported goods

• South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, declaring the tariff void and threatening secession if the federal government attempted to collect tariff revenue in South Carolina

• President Andrew Jackson, who himself supported lowering the tariff, declared nullification “incompatible with the existence of the Union” and sought permission from Congress to use federal troops to enforce the tariff law id necessary

• In this effort, South Carolina drew heavily on the example of Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

• Andrew Jackson’s response set some precedent for Abraham Lincoln’s reaction to secession at the beginning of the Civil War

Nullification Crisis

The National Bank

The belief that Americans were meant to control the West.

manifest destiny

In 1831, this Virginia slave named led a violent slave

rebellion.He and his followers attacked

five plantations.They killed several people.

Eventually they were captured and executed.

Nat Turner

One of the most famous battles of the Texas revolution occurred at

the a mission in San Antonio.In February of 1836, a small group of American forces tried to defend it from Mexican troops. What was

the name of the Mission?

Alamo

When the 31st Congress opened in December 1849, what did they accuse the North of failing to

enforce?

Fugitive Slave Act of 1793

Kentucky congressmen Henry Clay proposed this compromise which

aimed to please the North, by calling for California to be admitted as a free state.

It attempted to satisfy the South, by calling for a stricter fugitive

slave law.This law required Northerners to return escaped slaves to their

masters.

Compromise of 1850

allowed the territories to decide for themselves whether to be a slave or

free state?

popular sovereignty

In 1852, novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that showed the horrors of

slavery. The book prompted Northern abolitionists to increase their protests

against the Fugitive Slave Act.Southerners criticized the book as an

attack on their way of life.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

abolition

Famous abolitionist publisher of the newspaper The

Liberator?

William Lloyd Garrison

The term which means the freeing of the slaves?

emancipation

Well known African American abolitionist who wrote and

spoke powerfully in favor of achieving emancipation through non violence?

He founded an antislavery newspaper called The North

Star.

Frederick Douglass

This party split over the issue of slavery

Whig Party

This proposed bill banned slavery in the new territories

acquired from Mexico?

Wilmont Proviso

Was the Wilmot Proviso passed?

NO

The Southern states threatened to secede, what does that mean?

To leave the union

This law required harsh punishment for escaped slaves – and for anyone

who helped them.

Fugitive Slave Act

These laws banned the imprisonment of escaped slaves;

they also guaranteed that escaped slaves would have jury trials?

personal liberty laws

This was a secret network of volunteers who hid fugitive slaves on

their dangerous journey north to freedom?

Underground Railroad

This escaped slave, was a famous leader of the Underground

Railroad?

Harriet Tubman

This became law in 1854. It repealed the Missouri Compromise line, giving people in Kansas and Nebraska the choice whether to allow slavery in

their states or not “popular sovereignty”.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

A result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, fighting erupted in Kansas as

pro- and anti-slavery forces battled each other. The territory

acquired the nickname

Bleeding Kansas

a fierce opponent of slavery who triggered dozens of violent actions throughout the Kansas territory by

killing five people in a raid

John Brown

In this 1857 court case a slave who had lived in the free state of Illinois and the free territory of

Wisconsin before moving back to the slave state of Missouri, had

appealed to the Supreme Court in hopes of being granted his

freedom. The court ruled that slaves were considered property according to the Constitution.

Dred Scott v. Sanford

In 1859, after setting off “Bleeding Kansas” he tried to start a slave rebellion by

attacking a federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia.

John Brown