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IKCK T)kawihm TLEP IN^tet/T Office(Copyright, 1906, by John Elfreth Watklns.)

SANTOS-DUMONT is^the first man tohave performed aerial flight with a

self-propelled machine heavier thanthe air which it displaced. He has

. solved a problem which has causedInventive geniuses to Durn tne uiiauigiu

oil and toss restlessly upon their couchesBlnce centuries before the dawn of the

Christian era. During three millenniums or

more ambitious men have broken theirhearts and their heads seeking the greatgoal which this fearless Brazilian has won

within the past few weeks.Although the balloon is commonly regardedas the father of the aerodrome, historybears It out that man took up first

the more difficult problems involved In thelatter mechanism. Nature gave to the ancientInventor the birds of the air as

models after which to build. But theancients for many centuries regarded theability of feathered creatures to fly as a

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The first mechanical flying machine ofhistory was the artificial pigeon ofArchytas, a Greek geometrician, who flour-ished about 4<m> years before Christ. Thehistorian Aulus Uellius says that "Archytasconstructed a wooden pigeon which could (fly by means of mechanical powers and an

aura spirit." This "aura," according to the (Greeks, was a force emanating from allliving things, which it surrounded like an

atmosphere. Some of our recent inventors jof new religions have applied the term towhat others call "animal magnetism." Accordingto fuller descriptions the buoyancyof Archytas' pigeon was effected by magnets.the propelling power only being an

occult force One writer stated that al-though the machine could- fly. "It could notraise itself up again" if It fell.

**

During the reign of Nero a man flewhigh in the air, but lost his life in thode-scent, according to Antonlus Hyerlink, i

who giive some description of the wingsand apparatus and attributed the violentdeath of this pioneer Darius Green to thefact that his evil genius suddenly becamedispleased while he was aloft and sufferedhim to fall. This warning appears to havebeen effective, for not until the fifteenthcentury does history record another actualflying machine.An artificial eagle, which flew out to meet

the Emperor Charles V and accompaniedhim back to town, is saiu i>y several Historiansto have been constructed at Nurehiburgby Johann Muller, known also as

Regiomontanus.a German bishop, astronomi'rami mathematician. About the same

period "a certa'in monk named Elmerusflew about a furlong from the top of atower in Spain." Another of these earlyexperimenters is said to have attemptedflight frorti St. Mark's steeple. In Venice,

Anecdote*?Woll-Knni

vyi * a

A Give-Away.Roar Admiral F. W. Dicklns told in Philadelphiathe other day a good story about a

very rich and very economical financier."The old gentleman.let us call him Gobsa

Uoldc.' bp said, "was making preparationsfor a Christmas ball some years ago andat his wine merchant's discovered a chcapbrand of champagne." This,' he said, "is a good brand of champagne.It Is quite Rood enough for those

young people who will come to my Christ-mas ball. They couldn t ten trie amerencc.

any way.'"And accordingly lie ordered a dozen

cases of the cheap wine."A day or two before Christmas, picking

up his ni wspaper. he noticed that his winomerchant had a half page advertisementHe ran his eye over it and saw in bigblack letters the paragraph:" "Try our celebrated champagne at $1.2r>

a quart, us ordered by the eminent llnancier. Gu&sa Golde, esq., for his forthcomingChristmas ball.' "

Keen and Quick.Pierce J av. the commissioner of banks of

Massachusetts, at the American Bankers'Association's convention in St. Louis advocateda better accounting system"Above all," said Mr. Jay, "we want In-

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md still another at Nuremburr, while "by 8'means of a pair of wings a person named piDante of Perouse was enabled to fly, but awhile amusing the citizens with his flight tlne xeii on lop or si. aiary s courcn tinu is

broke his thigh." aLeonardo da Vinci practiced flying sue- ft

:essfully. according to Cuptrus' Excellence p»f Man." How the celebrated Italian artist, simusician and mechanician accomplished flthis feat four centuries ago is not, however. Iistated. Busbec, ambassador of Ferdinand &,[ at Constantinople, also speaks of a Turk aiIn that city who attempted to fly. ei

* fi* n

John TVilkins, bishop of Chester, a ce>e- J1brated English scientist of two centuries (

and a half ago, said: "I have heard fromcredible testimony that one of our nationhath succeeded so far in this experimentthat he was able, by the help of wings, In wsuch a running pace to step constantly (oft athe ground) ten yards at a time." This Sappears to be the first suggestion of the a

soaring machine, such as used in recent fiyears by Lilienthal, Chanute and the Wright Ebrothers. wA flight with wings, consisting of four c,

rectangular surfaces, one at each end of j,two rods passing over the shoulders of theoperator, was made by Besnier, a lock- e

smith of Sabte, France, according to the f<T.1 1 ,lr>o Cni'ono 1 l!7U Unor.lA>. 41 VlUUUi uui uco uut ai luio. jjcouici, u w ao »j

further stated, progressively raised himself 1<from one height to another until he reached f<the top of a house, from which he passed tlover the neighboring houses. He could thus jicross a river of considerable breadth. His dfirst pair of wings were purchased by a Mr. hBaldwin of Guibre, who was said to have v

used them with remarkable success. cThe world's first flying machine patent e

was issued in 17tl0 to Bartholomew Lou- lirence de Gusman, friar of Lisbon. He pre- Jcantfr» thn Kin? /if Port tica! nn addrps«i e

representing himself as having invented a | t

Concerting \(Hi People. \

n. o

telllgence. if embezzlement is to be thoroughlyput down, and quick intelligencethat characterized old Capt. Hiram Cack of *

tjiouoesier. I"Caek lay very ill. One day he got downhearted.feeling that his case was hopeless." 'X fear, doctor.' he said, 'there isn't c

much hope for me.'" 'Oh, yes, there is.' the doctor answered.

'Three years ago I was in your conditionprecisely, and look at me now.' n"Cack, intelligent and alert, said quickly: .

" 'What doctor did you have?' "

a

A Christmas Bath. dAt the world's convention of the Woman's

Christian Temperance Union In Boston, tSidney Dallas of Melbourne told a group of Ireporters in Tremont Temple a temperance u

ntory."My wife." said Mr. Dallas. "Is one of «

the most earnest temperance workers In 1

Australia. In the course of her mission- t

ary work she hears many a strange tale.' £ Melbourne woman told her last Christmastime how one night, during the holidays,her husband stayed out till about 3 J

a.m. We all know what that means, es- fpecially during the holidays, don't we?"Well, this man, when he got home,

thought that tie would go boldly to thebath room and take a bath. That wouldremove from his wife's mind any suspicions i

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wlft flying machine capable of carryingassengers and requesting prohibitiongainst aH imitators. The king, delightedlat his subject had won the great goal,sued a decree ordering "the pain of death"gainst any one who should Infringe on th<iar, who was also rewaraed with an annua;ension of 000,000 reis, the first professor-lip in the University of Coimbra and th«rst vacancy in the College of Barcelona,i the absence of wind the 6ail of this mahinewas to be filled by a pair of bellowsssisted by two powerful magnets and sevraJpieces of amber. How long this wily-lar enjoyed his pension and patronage Isot stated, nor does history state what thelng did to him after discovering the extent» which his majesty had been "buncoed."

** *

Students of mechanical flight shortly af:rward paused to behold at last a vehich'hich could mount the air to a great heighnd carry human freight long distancesomewhat extravagant suggestions of ar

irship on the balloon principle had beeirst made by Roger Bacon, the celebrate*ingllsh philosopher of five centuries ago'ho proposed "a large, hollow globe o

opper" to be "filled with etherial air o:

quid fire and then launched from somi

levated point into tne aimospnere. aoou

3ur centuries later Francis Lana, a Jesuitad further proposed to prepare four hoi>w globes of thinnest copper, each twent;set In diameter and suspending a boat fohe aeronaut. But during the stormy dayiust preceding the French revolution thenwelt at Avignon Stephen Montgolfler, wh<ad observed that a light paper bag fllie<rith smoke would rise in the air. He conluded that if the bag were made larginough it would not only rise of Itself, buift one or more men. So he and his brotheoseph set to work to experiment with sevral large paper envelopes In the shape o

he ' balloon".a sh»rt-necked vessel usei

3 to lils condition. It would snow ner, lrword, that he was all right."So he undressed, filled the tub anilunged in. Hot and enfevered as he wase enjoyed the bath. As he splashed ancgrubbed and puffed he heard a sllghDise and, looking up, saw his wife in th<oorway."His wife was regarding him with ar

xpresslon of unspeakable contempt. Hi'as rather amazed at that. But he saleothlng. He lowered his head and wenn scrubbing." 'Well, what are you doing?' she asked." 'Can't you see what I'm doing?' hinswered. He rubbed up some more latherI'm taking a bath.""She sniffed and said as she turned to go" "Why don't you take off your underlothes. then?' "

Av> TaT.*f*oVU AUVU Mvgui

The late Richard Toomes. who, dying a

lnety-nine, was the oldest Odd Fellow iiLmerlca, used to be very proud of his greage. At the Odd Fellows' Home In Philaelphla he liked to discuss longevity."I am a nonagenarian," he said one da;0 a visitor. "In my youth I never though'd become even a septuagenarian or ai

ctogenarlan."Speaking of octogenarians. I remembe

1 conversation that I overheard whenwas a young man, between two little relaIves of mine."The younger, a boy, said ta his sister:" 'Mary, what is an octogenarian T'" 'Well, I don't Just know what they are

lata me uiue gin, oui mey must ue aw

ully sickly creatures. You never hear oem but what they're dying.' "

Bottled Up.D. H. Morris, the president of the Autc

noblle Club of .America, baa o& bis hanc

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In chemistry. They at last perfected "an chineImmense bag of linen lined with paper," Its Porteparts "joined together by means of buttons abouiand holes." It measured 117 feet around by aand had a capacity of 23.000 cubic feet. To passetne great delight of their countrymen they Waslsent It high Into the air, but did not attempt descrto mount with It. Finally, however, Ste- Giffaphen Montgolfler appeared In Paris, where shap<the Royal Academy requested him to repeat steanhis experiment. He at once constructed a and 1still larger balloon, 72 feet high and 41 feet wasin diameter. In September, 1783, it was prop*placed over a pit containing burning chop- balloioed straw and wool and was thus inflated by tl

! In the presence of King Louis XVI and the 1885L royal family at Versailles. In Its basket of "La

wickerwork It carried a sheep, a cock and motoa duck to a height of 1,500 feot, then let withthese surprised creatures gently down moto

. upon the earth. A still larger balloon was Ina soon afterward constructed by Montgolfler dlrlgi' and under the opening he hung an Iron powec brasler into which he could Introduce fuel Dum<

to keep the vehicle afloat. On November 21, his ti 1783, to the great delight of the people of by c

j Paris, this balloon arose, carrying with it these, two Parisia_n gentlemen longing for a new 12, It

sensation, i ney rose h,wj ieei aiiu remain- icais

. ed In the air twenty-flve minutes and land- est r

f ed safely five miles from where they had loonsr started. "Leb

* feet_

* * wholThe first American balloon was flown

I a few months later at Philadelphia by a ^iiajj Dr. Rittenhouse and a Mr. Hopklnson. haver They connected together four balloons In- macls flated with hydrogen gas and which lifted a

j man into the air. Taking alarm he cut a the"j hole In one of the envelopes after he had the ,_ risen several hundred feet. Thie The hydrogen balloon has since developed outt In all sorts of forms and shapes. It was Duinr soon recognized, however, that the ball- But- shaped balloon was the aport of the wind ballof and that It was necessary to elongate It. naut1 One of the first balloons propelled by ma- of tl

some Long Island estate one of the finest thatchicken farms in the world. gan i

I At a dinner In New York Mr. Morris, In " '(respuatjt: lu OUIllC ^UllllJlwuv.uto UII LUU uuv- uii^u

I cess of his farm and on his knowledge of der \I chickens, said with a laugh: inters "And yet X was as ignorant of chickens gest

a few years ago as.as a farmer on his of tl1 first visit to New York was ignorant of red-ct city ways. talk3 " 'Everything was fine.' this farmer said, "Tlt when he got back home from New York. "I

'Everything was fine except the light. They distakept the light burning. In my room all night " '1

a long.a thing I ain't used to, and I couldn't what. sleep on account of It.' "Tl

" 'Wall TJ1 Tirhv /IMn't vnii hlnw it. ftllt?' 41 '11J " v"l * **! " "J » * - » -

:said his wife." "Blow it out? How could I?' said the

farmer. 'The blame thing-was inside abottle.1 "

.

us<Seen

tA Large Order. conn

n Mrs. 8. T. Rorer, the cooking expert, told *n

t at a dinner In Wilmington of a young York. housekeeper's misadventure. fill 1

"This housekeeper." she^ said, "got herBlOICi W UU V* "v» tuu* nv%>»g *w» MM* Q{ 0

t one Saturday morning. On the sister's re- mac]a turn she said: tlstic

" 'And, Laura, did you order me a leg ot In h

r lamb at the butcher's?' **ier'

I *' 'The butcher was out of legs of lamb,' °.«SMiss Laura replied, 'and so I told him to day'* send you up a leg of beef instead.' " ,fn

Golden Silence.. Peter C. Miller, the Sunday school or- orna

ganlser of Detroit, discussed the other arou-.1 ". ". ^ W TJollov'a atritrfncv IdflA.

n aay me ncv. vx. »». » » >...D

for a Sunday school wherein the "saved"should be kept apart from the "unsaved" *

PUP"#>-"Speaking of bad boys and the harm v

I- they do," he said, "I remember an address the

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ry was devised about 1820 by Rufus tr, an American, who built it as a model tt 1833. It was cigar-shaped and driven v

screw. A larger one with a car for r

ingers was exhibited In New York and 1lington about 1835-10. The newspapers aibed it as flying rapidly. In 1852 Henri r

rd, a Frenchman, attached to a cigar- 1;d balloon, 144 feet long, a 462-pound ci engine which drove the propeller,n 1884 Tissandier, another Frenchman, 1the first to use an electric motor for \

lling balloons. The value of steerable Ions for warfare was at once recognized afie French war department, which in 2built the first navigable war balloon, c

France," whose 1,174-pound electric ar drove It fourteen miles an hour. But ethe advent of the automobile came a

rs more and more compact. t1900 Count Zeppelin built "his monster |iDie oanoon ieei wnn a os norsc. t

r gasoline motor. Then came Santos- 1ont, w.ho has shown to the Pariaians <en or a dozen dirigible balloons drivenompact gasoline motors. In one of ihe circled the Eiffel Tower on July r

>01, and since then has performed many fwell known to the public. His great- i

ival in the perfection of dirigible bal- ihas been M. Julliot, who built the l

audy" airship containing 80,000 cubic tof gas and a 40-horsepower engine, the <8 airship weighing 5,700 pounds. Thech government, assured of the successlis dirigible balloon, has just completedis almost a duplicate, and is said toordered a fleet of eight cr ten similar '

lines. uur fXimy iicus ou i.u.1 guuc 11V

ler than the "kite balloon" bought ttime ago In Germany. M. Julllott, by t

way, has been commissioned to buildnuch-heralded Wellman airship. £

5 practicability of the aerodrome with- tbuoyant gas was denied by Santos- iont during the Langley experiments. (

by 1903 a decided reaction against ^

on airships had set in among the aero- £

s of Paris, who realized that the limit i

ieir speed had been about reached and 1

I once made In a Detroit school. I be- t

ny address by questioning the children, s

Children,' I said, 'aa I look at yourit, happy faces this afternoon, I won- tvhat I can talk to you about that wll> 1est you most. Maybe you can sugwha.tI should talk about. Can't one £

iese clean, smiling boys, one of theseheeked, chubby girls, tell me what toabout?'lere was no response.pointed my finger toward a lad In ant corner.rou, my child,' I said, 'you tell meI shall say to you tonight.'

le tooy, in a high, thin voice, replied:Say nothing and sit down.' "

Art in Humble Things.:ar S. Straus, the newly appointedstary of Commerce and Labor, is a

oisseur of pottery and porcelains.conversation witn a reporter in new

Mr. Straus one day praised the useirts.woodcarving, tapestry weaving,let making, and the like. ]achinery," he said, "has robbed us iur useful arts to a great extent. In ,line-made things there can be no ar;quality, no Individual expression.iand-made things, even the humblest, 13 is always an opportunity for art ilow Itself.

oHraanora wopfl nnarrpUnc nnft \about their talent in street sweeping,Well, Bill,' said one, 'I admit that youclean up the middle of a street all

:, but you ain't capable of doing anmental piece of work, like sweeping '

nd a trolley pole.' "

A Jacobs Story.magazine editor'was talking about W. ]faco-bs, the humorist: i

,'hen I praised his wonderful skill inwriting of short stories, he said that It

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hat the great gas bags were too unwieldy,00 expensive and too much the prey of thevind. About that time the French eomnencedto turn their thoughts to the Langeyidea and Santos-Dumont himself made1 compromise by reducing the gas in hisnaehlnes and adding aeroplanes. And nowle appears on the limelight as the chief dis:ipleand successor of Langley.From the success of the Montgolflers in783 until the Langley experiments the advocatesof purely mechanical flight did notose heart, and the world heard of manyterodrornes which, however, never (lew.Rotable among these was the "aerial steam:arriage" of one Henson, an Englishman,illeged about 1841 to have invented a steamsnglne of extreme lightness which was tovave the machine's great bat-like wings,ifter It 'had been launcnea aown an incline>lane. Many Englishmen enthusiasticallyjelleved that Henson had solved the probemof flight^arfthout buoyant gas, but thecontrivance never flew.Our first flying machine patent was issuedn 1844 to Muzio Muzzi. an Italian. In theicxt fifty years 15<) airship patents were

granted by our government, the most renarka-blebeing that of Wulft, a Frenchnan,for propelling balloons with condorslarnessed to a horizontal wheel which was

o be turned by a pilot, according to theleslrable direction.

v«* *

There should be no forgetting of the facthat there was no exact science of mchanlealflight until Prof. Langley gave it,o the world. In 1S8G when he commencedo study the problem there was not even

iny reliable literature to aid him. "I went

:o work then to find out for mysel/, andn my own way, what amount of mechanicalpower was requisite to sustain a givenveight in the air and make it advance at

a »» i. nrrnfo Hn rnm.i given speeu, ue untc

nonced his work while director of the Al-egheny Observatory with aeroplanes and

ivas only their surprises that made hisstories take.'*Then, to illustrate what lie meant, heold me a story wherein the surprises camc

'ast and furious."He said that a lawyer, defending a man

tccuscd of housebreaking, spoke like this:" 'Your honor, I submit that my client did

lot break into the house at all. He foundhe parlor window open, and merely infertedhis right arm and removed a fewrifling articles. Now, my client's arm is noijlimself, and I fall to see how you can punshthe whole individual for an offense comnlttedonly by one of his limbs." "That argument,' said the Judge, 'is

rery well put. Following it logically, Isentence the defendant's arm to one year'smprisonment. He can accompany It or

jot, as he chooses.'defendant smiled, and with his law- j

r-er'a assistance unscrewed his cork arm,

md, leaving it in the dock, walked out."

He Knew.The late Judge M. Russell Thayer of

Philadelphia used to tell a good storytbout a brother jurist who was an enthusiasticgolfer.The golfing Judge, according to the story,

had occasion to interrogate In a criminal

sijlt a boy witness from Bala."Now, my lad," he said, "I want to know

If you are acquainted with the nature and

significance of an oath?"The boy, raising his brown in surprise,

answered:"Of course I am, sir. Don't^I caddy

for you at the Country Club?"

When You're in Some.At a dinner given by Eugene Higgins on

his yacht Varuna Harry Lehj: said of the

burglaries In high life that liave recently jstartled the public:"I suppose our Amei lean moral* are i

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u; yunvi\Li'JjAU.OOM-A^jJUPstuffed birds attached to arms of a whirlingmast revolved by a powerful steam engine.The aeroplanes traveled at the rateaf nearly 100 miles an hour about a circlesixty feet In diameter.He moved this apparatus to the Smithsonian,after taking charge of that InstitutionIn 1R87. and in l«tl he gave to the

world the facts on which all later experimentsIn mechanical flight have been based.At the time these experiments began the *

only existing mechanism which could sustainItself in the air for even a few secondswas a toy-like model made by Penaud. aFrenchman, the motion power being twistedrubber bands. In May. 1S#>, Langley'ssteam aerodrome flew 3.tHJ0 feet over thoPotomac In one minute and a half. Thefollowing November it flew three-quartersof a mile.In 1898 the army board of ordnance and

fortifications allotted to Prof. I.angley $TiO.000for the construction of a larger aerodrome,capable of carrying a man, andProf. Langley offered his services to theboard without compensation. He scouredboth continents for a suitable gasoline engineand finally had to build his own. whichweighed two and one-fifth pounds per

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lightest engine thought possible by thebest engine builders of the world. Hecompleted the new machine, and in August.190C-!, ils quarter-size model, launched <11dectlyon the face of the wind, flew aheadon an even keel, with perfect balance.Later while the full-sized machine was

speeding along the launching trark with theengineer in his seat the front caught on thedefective launching apparatus and theaerodrome was precipitated into the Potomac.the machine never having a chanceto fly. Prof. I-angley shortly afterwardfell into ill-health and died. He took withhim to the grave the assurance that themachine when repaired and given a perfectlaunching gear would fly. Put whilehe had been experimenting other K^niusesnan Deen ai num.

The nearest approach to human flight ofmodern times had been made in ISiU byOtto Lllienthal of Berlin, who imitated thebuzzard by aid of a soaring machine on

which he was able to "slide" down hill,with his feet above ground, fifty yardsor so at a time. But in INKS he met hisdeath while thus' experimenting. MeanwhileA. M. Herring of Chicago had takenup the soaring experiments in this country,and in 18!HJ he was engaged by OctaveChanute to improve upon Lillenthai's aeroplanes.Kxperiments with varied apparatuswere made near Chicago in the summer

and autumn of that year. One of these machineshad movable wings, used tn sustainingequilibrium, but not for propulsionSince that time Messrs. Wilbur and OrvllleWright of Dayton, Ohio, with Improvedmachines, have dared to performfeats which neither Lilienthal nor Chanuteattempted. But all of these contrivanceswere soaring rather than flying machines.Although areoplanes not buoyed up by gas,they.wiih the exception of the Wrightmachine.have had no artiflclal motors. ana

their problem was not as complicated as

that of the aerodromes of Langley andtiantos Dur->ont.

JOHN liLFRETH WATKINS.

pretty bad. They are better than the Italianmorals to be found In Rome, thwugh."Watching the sunset from the Pinclo

one winter evening In Rome, a prince approachedand invited me to a dance at hispalace."I attended the dance In the prince's

grim, cold palace on the Oorso, and atabout 2 o'clock in the morning I bade myhost good night, and went to the cloakroom for my coat and hat."The attendant brought me a rusty hat

and an old coat with a torn lining. ," 'Here,' said I, 'these are not mine. Mine

are new.'"The attendant shrugged his shoulders." 'They are the best that are i-eft, signor."

he said. 'The new ones were all gone threenuurs ugo.

A Big Contract.Winston Churchill, the novelist, described

at a dinner in New York t'he difference betweenrealism and* romanticism in Action:"To make my meaning clearer," Mr.

Churchill ended, "I will take the case of a

young man and a girl.sweethearts."The young man, a romanticist, said passionatelyto his girl:" 'Darling, it shaH be my life's one purposeto surround you with every comfort,

and to anticipate and gratify your every

wish.'"The girl, a realist, smiled faintly, as

she answered:" 'oh, Jack, how good of you, and all on

nine dollars a week, too." "

Danger Ahead.Froui I lie YuiiLers Statesman.

She: "Somebody once said that "Love Is

the lighthouse of the sou!.' "

He: "Well, where there's a lighthousethere's gererally some danger, isn't there?"