Europeans in the Americas

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The Spanish and Portuguese in the Americas

• Explain how migrations of Europeans affected the Americas• Analyze the near-elimination of American Indian civilizations• Explain social stratifications of the population in Latin America

Columbus Revisited Columbus’ first interaction with Native

Americans (N.A.) was with the Taino

Taino greeted Spanish warmly and were friendly

Columbus Revisited (cont.) Spanish treated Taino harshly and cruelly

Columbus required each Taino to pay him gold

Conquistadors After Columbus, Spain sent over

conquistadors Spanish conquerors

Spread throughout region and took gold from N.A.

Forced N.A. to convert to Christianity

Consider the Following Why do you think the Spanish were so

successful?

Guns, Germs, and Steel Steel weapons and armor superior to N.A.

weapons

N.A. had no immunity, or resistance, to European diseases (like smallpox)

Guns, Germs, and Steel (cont.) Spanish first to bring over horses; N.A. had

not seen horses before

By the 1500s, the population of N.A. in the Caribbean had declined by 90%

Cortes Conquers Mexico Hernan Cortes was among one of first

conquistadors

Made inward trek into Mexico toward Aztecs

Malinche, a young N.A. woman, served as translator

Cortes Conquers Mexico (cont.) Cortes allies himself with people Aztecs

conquered

Moctezuma, Aztec emperor, heard of Cortes; thinks he is Quetzalcotl, an Aztec god

Cortes reaches Tenochtitlan, Aztec capital city

Cortes Conquers Mexico (cont.) Spaniards amazed by Aztec décor in city;

become greedy

Cortes betrays Moctezuma’s trust and tries to conquer city Fails first time, returns to take city the second

Pizarro Takes Peru Francisco Pizarro, another conquistador, goes

after Incan Peru

Conquers Incan empire and kills leader, Atahualpa

Effects on Natives Europeans had conquered millions of N.A.

within a few decades

Spain became Europe’s greatest power

N.A. still tried to resist European influence

Consider the Following Why were the Spanish so successful in

conquering the N.A.?

Homework Please do the terms for Chapter 15, Section 2

(words in blue)

Please do questions 4, 5, and 6

This will be collected tomorrow!

Colonizing the Americas

• Explain the growth of European settlers in the Americas• Analyze the migration patterns of Europeans

Spanish Empire By mid-1500s, Spain had a vast empire that

stretched from California to South America

In order to rule this all, the king established the Council of the Indies to make laws for the colonies

Also appointed _______________, or representatives that ruled in his name, to the colonies and provinces

Christianity Spreads As Spanish authority expanded, so did the

________________

Sought to convert N.A. to subjects of Catholic Spanish king

Spanish empire started becoming more powerful and wealthy through trade Sugar Molasses Rum

Encomienda ________________ was an economic system

where conquistadors required tribute from N.A. Gold Land Slavery

Those who resisted were harshly persecuted

Opposition to Spanish Ways ____________________________ condemned evils

of encomiendas system

Las Casas spoke out against treatment of N.A.

In response to this, Spain passed laws to outlaw ____________________ and abuse of N.A.

How do you think this worked out?

Opposition to Spanish Ways Colonies too far away from Spain to care

Many N.A. ended up becoming ____________, who are workers that must work to pay off a debt to a landlord

Ironically, Las Casas urged colonists to import workers from _______________

Cultural Blending Three main groups in the Americas during this

time Spanish ______________ N.A.

Cultures started blending; food, music, drama

Caste System What is a caste system?

Caste system is a social class order

At the top were _______________________, people born in Spain

Then creoles, Spaniards born in America

Caste System _____________________: people of N.A. and

European descent

_____________________: people of African and European descent

Combination of N.A. and African ancestry was at bottom of order

Cities Various cities and towns started growing

Colonies also started building __________________

Portuguese in Brazil By using the _________________________,

Portugal claimed untouched Brazil

Brazilwood proved to be very profitable

Challenging Spain and Portugal English, Dutch, and French jealous

Smugglers started trading illegally with Spain and Portugal

Dutch, English, and French _____________ started attacking Spain and Portuguese ships

____________________: pirates approved by European governments

New France French started landing in Canada

Canada was called, at the time, ________________

________________________ started exploring eastern Canada; finds St. Lawrence River

French started converting N.A. Fun fact: The Ojibwe word for French people,

“Wemtigosh”, means “those who carry the cross”

New France (cont.) Started befriending N.A.

Climate not too good for farming

French people started fishing, trapping, and trading ___________

New France grew slowly

English Colonies _________________: English Protestants that

sought religious freedom

Before arriving, they signed the ________________________, one of the earliest forms of self-government in America

First permanent English colony was ______________________

English Colonies (cont.) More settlers came over for religious freedom

Crops started growing, such as ______________

Plantations established in the Americas to make money; imported African slaves

English colonies enjoyed a relatively large degree of ___________________________

Struggle For Power European powers started fighting over control

of Americas

N.A. hoped to play Europeans against each other

Britain and France’s conflict erupted into ______________________________________

French and Indian War AKA Seven Years’ War

British launched campaigns against French in ______________

____________ ended up prevailing

____________________________ officially ended the war; established British rule in North America

French and Indian War http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=j0qbzNHmfW0

Roanoke http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o99Y4Brq-

GY

Effects of Global Contact

• Analyze the transformation of European economies• Describe capitalism and its role in increasing global interactions• Describe the global spread of major commodities

The Columbian Exchange Columbus returns to Spain with new plants

and animals not found in Europe

Sparks a global exchange across the entire world

Since Columbus started it, it’s called the Columbian Exchange (C.E.)

The Columbian Exchange (cont.)

The Columbian Exchange (cont.) New crops for Europe

Corn Sugar Bananas

New animals for N.A. Pigs Horses Cattle Chickens

The Columbian Exchange (cont.) New crops from Americas helped grow

population

C.E. also helped spark migration to Americas

Commercial Revolution Across Europe, there was a huge rise of

inflation Too much money coming from Americas

This time of high inflation was known as the Price Revolution

Rise of Capitalism All the money coming from the Americas

helped spur the growth of European capitalism Economic system where businesses are owned

privately

Entrepreneurs, or economic risk takers, start checking out America

New Business Models Number of banks increased

Capitalists devise “putting-out” system “Cottage system”; separated profit and labor

Mercantilism New economic policy, mercantilism, was

adopted

Mercantilists believe that a nation’s wealth was measured in gold and silver

More exports than imports

Mercantilism (cont.) European powers passed strict laws regarding

trade by colonies

Started imposing tariffs, which are taxes on imported goods

Videos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQPA5oNpf

M4

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