european partitioning & transmutation projects: strategy
TRANSCRIPT
European Partitioning & transmutation
Projects: Strategy and status
and the European Nuclear Chemistry Community
| PAGE 2
U, Pu MA
Potential Future Fuel Cycles
FNR
ADS
Specific
Reprocessing
DISSOLUTION
SEPARATION
CONVERSION, FABRICATION
IRRADIATION
DISSOLUTION
SEPARATION
| PAGE 3
Potential Future Fuel Cycles The different options
Fast Reactors Dedicated Systems (ADS)
T
U
U Pu AM
FP
MA bearing fuel
T MA
U Pu
FP
MA bearing blankets
U
T
MA, Pu U Pu
FP
MA transmutation targets
U
Moderated core blanket
in periphery of the core
with MA content ~10-20%
MA concentration
<5%, diluted in fuel
in the whole core
Dedicated targets with
TRU content up to 50%
MOX, Carbide, Nitride, Metal,
Molten Salt*
MOX, Carbide, Nitride, Metal, CERCER, CERMET
CERCER, CERMET
* Not developped in this presentation
Actinide Chemistry
for Fuel Cycles in Europe…
Separation Conversion
Fabrication
Irradiation
Dissolution
Basic Research
Education and Training
Education and Training
In Nuclear Chemistry
| PAGE 6
Prof Jan JOHN
CTU, Czech Republic
COOPERATION IN EDUCATION
AND TRAINING
IN NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
| PAGE 7
These main pillars are supported by two
cross-cutting activities:
Vision, Sustainability and Nuclear
Awareness
Organization of the work
| PAGE 8
Outputs
http://www.cinch-project.eu/
| PAGE 10
2013 – 2015
Total budget 5,5M€ EC Grant 4M€
AN EDUCATION AND TRAINING NETWORK IN ACTINIDE SCIENCES
Actinides
chemistry for
separation
Actinide
materials
Actinides in
the
geological
environment
Dr Stéphane BOURG
CEA, France
| PAGE 11
Training and Education
maintain and increase the skills on
actinide sciences in Europe.
Summer Schools, Travel Grants
Improving the offer
developing new relevant
instrumentations or data of
common interest for the
Community through Joint
Research Activities.
Networking between pooled facilities
- Integrate and structure better the way
these infrastructures operate
- Foster their joint development in
terms of capacity and performance,
Transnational Access
support and manage a program of
access for training and associated
research projects making use of the
pooled facilities on the following topics:
4 pillars of the network
| PAGE 13
The Joint Research Projects (JRP)
• 66 JJRPs selected for funding in ACTINET-I3
• Already 47 selected after 3 TALISMAN calls
• 1500 days of access in ACTINET-I3, about 1000
already granted in TALISMAN.
• More than 70% of young researchers
• About 30 universities or institutes from 13 countries
Daniel Whittaker, PhD at KIT
Daniel Creen, PhD, at PSI
Christopher Green, PhD,
at ATALANTE
Jennifer Rochford, PhD, at ITU
| PAGE 14
The Schools
2013 Summer School
JRC-ITU, July 2013, 46 participants ,17 countries
16 lectures, demonstrations at ITU and INE-KIT
Basic Actinide Science, The Nuclear Fuel Cycle as
well as Nuclear Safeguards, Security and Forensics.
2014 Summer School
CEA Marcoule, June 2014,
51 participants, 14 countries
10 courses, 2 lectures, 3 demonstrations
Actinide chemistry for future fuel cycles
| PAGE 15
Theoretical Userlab (ThuL) schools
2014 ThuL school
KIT, Karlsruhe. 34 attendees 2013 ThuL school
KIT, Karlsruhe. 55 attendees
• the focus is on actinide chemistry with respect to nuclear waste and a joint effort from theory and experiment to tackle the challenges in this research area
Molecules, Solid phase, Fuel and Partitioning • Exercises on ADF, MOLCAS, CP2K and FEFF • Lab Tour, poster session…
| PAGE 16
Plenary Meetings
Gather Users and Pooled facility people for networking
Focus on the capabilities of the pooled facilities
and the excellence of the research carried out in actinide sciences
June 2014
80 attendees
| PAGE 17
Financial support for attending
international conferences
• to international conferences (in ACTINET-I3) 7 students granted from
Germany,Finland and Spain
12 students granted from
Australia, China, India, Japan,
Russia, UK and USA
8 young academics received a travel grant
• Directly to students in TALISMAN • Between 10 to 12 students granted per year
• In 2014: ANS, ISEC, RADCHEM, JDA, MRS, AnXAS, Pu-Future…
ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN ACTINIDE SPECTROSCOPY (ATAS 2012)
T&E
| PAGE 19
Prof Christian EKBERG
Chalmers, Sweden
www.asgardproject.eu
| PAGE 20
Oxide Fuels
Inert Matrix Fuels (IMF)
AnOx in Mo or MgO matrix
Dissolution
Matrix dissolution
Influence of An
content on
dissolution
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Inert Matrix Fuels (IMF)
AnOx in Mo or MgO matrix
Compatibility
w/ PUREX and downstream processes
Matrix separation
To avoid largely increased HLW volume
To recycle isotopically tailored Mo
Matrix decontamination
Oxide Fuels
| PAGE 22
Oxide Fuels
Inert Matrix Fuels (IMF)
AnOx in Mo or MgO matrix
Co-conversion of separated An into oxide fuel precursors
| PAGE 23
Nitride Fuels
Fabrication and dissolution of
(mixed) An nitrides
ZrN stabilised compounds
15N enriched nitrogen
To avoid 14C production
Losses (fabrication and dissolution)
to be minimised
Development of 15N enrichment method
Compatible w/ industrial scale operation
| PAGE 24
Carbide Fuels
Dissolution in HNO3 organic compounds
Interfere with separation processes
Fate of iodine?
Oxidative treatment
AnC AnOx
“standard” dissolution & separation
Pyrophoricity of carbide materials
Minimising fuel swelling & FCMI
| PAGE 26
CRIEPI CRIEPI
UK - NNL
UEDIN
UReading
CIEMAT
CEA CNRS
UDS
LGI
KIT-INE
JULICH
JRC - ITU
ICHTJ
NRI
CTU
IIC
Twente Chalmers
PSI
ENEA
PoliMi
UNIPR
IRSN
UNIMAN UNILANC
UNILEEDS
26 Partners
2013-2015
Budget 10,5 M€
Grant 5,55 M€
Collaboration
Agreement with
DOE
ROSATOM
SACSESS Consortium
| PAGE 27
U Product
Pu Product
U Product
Pu Product
U Product
Pu Product COEX
U Product
UPu Product
An(III) + Ln(III)
-
An(III)/Ln(III)
separation
An(III) + Ln(III)
-
An(III)/Ln(III)
separation
An(III) + Ln(III)
- coextraction
An(III)/Ln(III)
separation
An(III) + Ln(III)
-
An(III)/Ln(III)
separation (DIAMEX) (r-SANEX)
Am ,Cm Am Am Am
Am selective
Stripping
(EXAm)
GANEX 1
GANEX 2
U
Pu Np Am Cm
Am Cm An(III) selective
Stripping
(i-SANEX)
Am Cm
Homogeneous recycling
= grouped separation
GANEX
Heterogeneous recycling
= enhanced partitioning
DIAMEX/SANEX
Am Am
U
U,Pu
U,Np,
Pu,Am,
Cm
T MA
U Pu
FP
U
T
U Pu MA
FP
U
SACSESS addresses the various
MA separation processes
The tools:
Safety Case Studies
Global Safety
Perform safety analyses on hydro and pyro processes to determine weaknesses in
their safety and drive experimental programmes of the future to optimise against
these issues
Do this by developing tools that use tools and techniques from the partner nations
Deploy them with the help of experts in aqueous and pyro reprocessing
The methodology is now established, based on HAZOP approach (April 2014)
Safety case studies was performed in a dedicated workshop (September 2014)
ATALANTE 2016 – Montpellier – 5–10 June The SACSESS hydrometallurgy domain — an overview
• Focus on safe process implementation •
• Reference processes
• r-SANEX
• i-SANEX
• EURO-GANEX
• Am-only extraction
•
• Reference molecules
• Plus back-up molecules
•
• Topics
• Chemistry issues
• Process issues
• Process operation safety
• MA handling safety
How to Continue?
New in
Reference
compound TODGA
CyMe4-
BTBP
Hydro-
BTP
HEDTA
DTPA
Alternative TWE21
CyMe4-
BTPhen
CA-BTP
Pytritetraol
1. Chemistry issues
Radiolytic/hydrolytic stability done done TBD* n/a**
Identification of degradation
products done TBD TBD* n/a**
Impact of degradation products TBD TBD TBD* n/a**
Clean-up of solvent or An strip
phase TBD TBD TBD* n/a**
Downstream effects TBD TBD TBD ?
2. Process issues
Loading partly done partly done TBD ?
Physico-chemical stability
(3rd phase, precipitation) partly done TBD TBD ?
Transfer kinetics partly done done TBD
done ?
Losses to second phase partly done TBD TBD ?
Work Plan
ATALANTE 2016 – Montpellier – 5–10 June The SACSESS hydrometallurgy domain — an overview
• 3. Process operation safety
• Chemical systems modelling
• Physico-chemical equilibrium and kinetic modelling
• Microscopic and mesoscopic models
• Radiolysis modelling
• Understand and predict degradation
• Mass transfer modelling
• Input for flow-sheet modelling
• Flow-sheet modelling
• ACSEPT 1c-SANEX and/or GANEX test
• On-line monitoring
• Metal ions
• Acid
Work Plan
ATALANTE 2016 – Montpellier – 5–10 June The SACSESS hydrometallurgy domain — an overview
• 4. MA handling safety
• Optimisation of chemical systems
• System(s) selection
• Thermodynamic and kinetic data
• Degradation
• …
• Am(III) and Cm(III)
activity coefficients
• Required for accurate modelling
• Flow-sheet development
• Continuous counter-current test
• Spiked and hot CCCC tests
Work Plan
New!
Cm, no long-term
contribution
To be separated
upstream
Am
U, Np, Pu
Cm, FP, Ln
Am Ln
Cm FP
U, Np, Pu Ln
Am, Cm FP
FP
Am
U, Np, Pu
Am, Cm
Ln
Ln
Am Ln
Cm FP
U, Np, Pu Ln
Am, Cm FP
Am, Cm
Cm
ATALANTE 2016 – Montpellier – 5–10 June The SACSESS hydrometallurgy domain — an overview
• Collaboration
• MoU drafted
• Areas of technical cooperation defined
• Radiolytic stability
Am chemistry
• Kinetics
• Modelling
• Training & education
Work Plan
SACSESS Kick-Off Meeting, March 2013, Avignon, France
Pyro Reprocessing Studies
Assess parameters impacting chemical safety
Actinides in chloride and in fluoride systems
Electrochemical behaviour
Solubility, volatility, viscosity, heat capacity, influence of oxygen ingress
experiments and modelling
molecular dynamics and thermodynamic approach
development of on-line monitoring
important for a process implementation
concern both safety and safeguards issues
| PAGE 36
Pyro Reprocessing Studies
Assess safety issues related to metallic fuel treatment
complete recovery of An from the salt after electrorefining
Study efficiency and feasibility
under different conditions
using optimised set-up
Validation of different process steps
demonstration experiments involving irradiated
metallic alloy fuel
| PAGE 37
Pyro Reprocessing Studies
Assess safety issues related to refractory oxide fuel treatment
Aims
complete recovery of the actinides from CERCER and CERMET fuels
recycling of Mo from CERMET fuel
Optimization of the conversion and separation procedures
Towards demonstration experiments involving the non-irradiated fuel material
studied processes:
head-end steps - direct electroreduction,
separation processes – electrorefining
and liquid-liquid reductive extraction
| PAGE 38
Pyro Reprocessing Studies
Assess safety issues related to pyrochemical process waste treatment
safe treatment and conditioning for ultimate disposal
Key issues as identified in ACSEPT
management of Cs and Sr,
immobilisation of salt-containing waste streams
impact of ADS target matrix materials on the waste
| PAGE 39
SYNTHESIS OF SAP MATRIX
Communication, Dissemination,
Education and Training
Winter schools
– Uranium Workshop in Preston (UK) 7-8 April 2014
– Plutonium Workshop in Chalmers (SE), 4-8 May 2015
Student Exchange activities
Short students presentations
| PAGE 40
| PAGE 43 23 juin 2016
SACSESS International Workshop
22-24 April 2015, Warsaw, Poland
Thank you very much for your attention
Kick-Off Meeting, March 20th, 2013, Avignon, France | PAGE 44