11

22

33

44

Following Columbus’s lead, Following Columbus’s lead, Spain established colonies in Spain established colonies in the Caribbean and Mexico. the Caribbean and Mexico. Reports of riches drew the Reports of riches drew the explorers north to Texas explorers north to Texas where they established a where they established a successful mission.successful mission.

55

66

What HappensWhat Happens400 men started out from Florida to 400 men started out from Florida to

MexicoMexicoThey thought this would be a short They thought this would be a short trip.trip.

They had only enough food for They had only enough food for everyone to have ½ handful of maizeeveryone to have ½ handful of maize

There was a hurricane!There was a hurricane!They never made it to Mexico, instead They never made it to Mexico, instead

they (80) ended up in Texas they (80) ended up in Texas (Galveston Bay).(Galveston Bay).

77

They were cold, naked, starving, They were cold, naked, starving, and had no food, shelter, or and had no food, shelter, or clothing.clothing.

They met up with the Karankawa They met up with the Karankawa Indians who gave them fish, Indians who gave them fish, roots, and walnuts.roots, and walnuts.When they received no more When they received no more food from the Indians, they ate food from the Indians, they ate their shipmates that had died.their shipmates that had died.

88

THE LONE SURVIVORSTHE LONE SURVIVORSOnly 4 survived (out of 400)!Only 4 survived (out of 400)!

Cabeza de Vaca and Cabeza de Vaca and EstevanicoEstevanicoFirst Europeans to explore First Europeans to explore the interior of Texasthe interior of Texas

99

EXPERIENCES OF EXPERIENCES OF CABEZA DE VACACABEZA DE VACA

Survivor of the failed Nararez expeditionSurvivor of the failed Nararez expeditionExplored Tampa, Florida and Galveston, Explored Tampa, Florida and Galveston,

TexasTexasTaken in by the Kawakawas IndiansTaken in by the Kawakawas IndiansEscaped and traveled among Indian villagesEscaped and traveled among Indian villagesWorked as a healer, trader, and servantWorked as a healer, trader, and servantgained Indians’ respectgained Indians’ respectFirst European to Explore the Texas interiorFirst European to Explore the Texas interior

1010

Cabeza de VacaCabeza de VacaHe also wrote He also wrote

about his life with about his life with the Native the Native Americans in a Americans in a work of literature work of literature called called La La relacionrelacion..

This was the first This was the first written work of written work of Texas literature.Texas literature.

1111

Cabeza de VacaCabeza de VacaThe survivors from the 1528 hurricane The survivors from the 1528 hurricane

beached at Galveston Bay and were beached at Galveston Bay and were helped by Karankawas.helped by Karankawas.

Six years later only four men were Six years later only four men were alive, two of which were Cabeza de alive, two of which were Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico..Vaca and Estevanico..

He and his men became the first He and his men became the first Europeans to see the interior of Texas.Europeans to see the interior of Texas.

1212

1313

THE CORONADO THE CORONADO EXPEDITIONEXPEDITION

Set out in 1540 for SpainSet out in 1540 for SpainCrossed the Texas Panhandle and the Crossed the Texas Panhandle and the

Llano EstacadoLlano EstacadoWas looking for Cibola and Quivira – Was looking for Cibola and Quivira –

cities of goldcities of goldLearned there was no gold; only Pueblo Learned there was no gold; only Pueblo

villagesvillagesSaw American buffaloSaw American buffalo

1414

RESULTS OF THE RESULTS OF THE CORONADO AND DE SOTO CORONADO AND DE SOTO

EXPEDITIONSEXPEDITIONSMet the Texas Indians but did not find Met the Texas Indians but did not find

goldgoldCoronadoCoronado – explored the American – explored the American

Southwest and encountered IndiansSouthwest and encountered IndiansDeSotoDeSoto – explored the American – explored the American

Southwest; encountered the Caddo Southwest; encountered the Caddo IndiansIndians

1515

Fray Marcos& Estevanico(1539)

Coronado(1540)

De Soto–Moscoso(1539)

find seven lostcities of gold

conquer Cibola;gain its treasure

conquer Cibola;gain its treasure

Expedition Goals Results

Estevanico—reached a Zunivillage and was killed; FrayMarcos—saw village from afar and reported it was filled with gold and treasure

conquered Zuni village; crossed Texas Panhandle in search of Quivira; did not find any gold or treasure

explored what is now the south-eastern United States and East Texas; sailed to Mexico; did not find any gold or treasure

1616

Francisco Vasquez de CoronadoFrancisco Vasquez de Coronado

Coronado was commissioned to find Coronado was commissioned to find the legendary Seven Cities of Cibola. the legendary Seven Cities of Cibola. They were believed to have They were believed to have GOLDGOLD..

Coronado and his men became the

first Europeans to see West

Texas

1717

SPANISH EXPLORATION IN TEXAS

Effects on Spain Effects on American Indians

• gained new plants and animals from Europe, such as horses

• rise of a Plains Indian horse culture

• Plains Indians’ fighting and hunting abilities increased by horses

• many Texas Indian deaths from European diseases

• conflict with the Spanish

• established a claim to Texas• gained knowledge about land and

people of Texas• gained new plants and animals from

the Americas• gained a buffer zone between

Spanish settlement and American Indians/Europeans to the north

• lost equine military advantage• conflict with Texas Indians

1818

SPANISH EXPLORERS: 1519–1598SPANISH EXPLORERS: 1519–1598

1919

EFFECTS OF SPANISH EFFECTS OF SPANISH EXPLORATIONEXPLORATION

Established a claim to TexasEstablished a claim to TexasGained knowledge about land and Gained knowledge about land and

people of Texaspeople of TexasGained new plants and animals from Gained new plants and animals from

the Americasthe AmericasObtained a buffer zone between Obtained a buffer zone between

Spanish settlement and American Spanish settlement and American Indians/Europeans to the northIndians/Europeans to the north

2020

SPAIN PROFITS FROM ITS SPAIN PROFITS FROM ITS TEXAS EXPLORATIONTEXAS EXPLORATION

Established a claim to Texas Established a claim to Texas Gained knowledge about land and Gained knowledge about land and

people of Texaspeople of TexasThe The Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange – term describing the – term describing the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and other continents since the time the Americas and other continents since the time of Columbusof Columbus

2121

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE AND ITS EFFECT ON INDIANSAND ITS EFFECT ON INDIANS

PositivePositive – led to a transfer of plants, – led to a transfer of plants, animals between the Indians and animals between the Indians and SpanishSpanish

NegativeNegative – led to the spread of – led to the spread of diseases from Europe to the diseases from Europe to the AmericasAmericas

2222

2323

The La Salle The La Salle ExpeditionExpedition

Set out in 1682 for FranceSet out in 1682 for FranceExplored the Mississippi River and Gulf Explored the Mississippi River and Gulf

of Mexicoof MexicoLa Salle get lost and ended up in TexasLa Salle get lost and ended up in TexasSet up a settlement in TexasSet up a settlement in TexasName the area around the Mississippi Name the area around the Mississippi

River… LouisianaRiver… Louisiana

2424

The French Explore TexasThe French Explore Texas

The international competition for land The international competition for land in the New World was intense.in the New World was intense.

In 1682 La Salle claimed the Mississippi In 1682 La Salle claimed the Mississippi River and the surrounding land River and the surrounding land (dependent on the river) for France.(dependent on the river) for France.

He called it La Louisiane (Louisiana).He called it La Louisiane (Louisiana).They wanted to compete with Spain’s They wanted to compete with Spain’s

quest for riches and control trade.quest for riches and control trade.

2525

Fort St. LouisFort St. Louis

La Salle established the first French La Salle established the first French colony in Texas on the Lavaca River.colony in Texas on the Lavaca River.

The colony had trouble from the The colony had trouble from the beginning because they lost beginning because they lost valuable supplies at sea.valuable supplies at sea.

They were helped for a while by the They were helped for a while by the Indians, but fighting soon broke out.Indians, but fighting soon broke out.

2626

Why did the Natives turn Why did the Natives turn against LaSalle and his men?against LaSalle and his men?

The Native Americans The Native Americans found the supplies that found the supplies that washed up on shore washed up on shore after after La BelleLa Belle sank. sank.

The French took the The French took the supplies back without supplies back without asking for them or asking for them or explaining what explaining what

happenedhappened..

2727

Fort St. Fort St. LouisLouisLa Salle tried to find a way back to La Salle tried to find a way back to

the Mississippi River, but was the Mississippi River, but was unsuccessful.unsuccessful.

Many of his men died.Many of his men died.In 1687 La Salle tried to go home. In 1687 La Salle tried to go home.

He took 17 of the 20 survivors with He took 17 of the 20 survivors with him.him.

•On the ship, the men plotted against him and he was killed.•Spanish explorers found the bodies of the remaining French colonists who had been killed by the Indians.

2828

FRENCH AND SPANISH FRENCH AND SPANISH CLAIMS ON NORTH AMERICA, 1682–1688CLAIMS ON NORTH AMERICA, 1682–1688

2929

Spain’s claims on Texas lands prompted France to establish a colony of its own. Although La Salle’s Texas colony did not survive, France’spresence renewedSpain’s interest insettling Texas.

The French Explore TexasColumbus came to the New World looking for gold and a new trade route to Asia. Although he found neither, his four voyages inspired others to seek their fortunes in the Americas.

Europe Eyes the Americas

Following Columbus’s lead, Spain established colonies in the Caribbean and Mexico. Reports of riches drew the explorers north to Texas where they established a successful mission.

Spanish Explorers Come to Texas

3030

Consequences Consequences for the Native for the Native

AmericansAmericansNative Americans lived in Texas long Native Americans lived in Texas long

before the Europeans explored there.before the Europeans explored there.The arrival of the Spanish and French The arrival of the Spanish and French

explorers to Texas brought Native explorers to Texas brought Native Americans severe consequences.Americans severe consequences.

Diseases such as smallpox killed Diseases such as smallpox killed thousands of Native Americans.thousands of Native Americans.

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