european exploration & conquest

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W. European Exploration & Conquest. W. Earlier Explorations. Islam & the Spice Trade  Malaccas A New Player  Europe Marco Polo, 1271 Chinese Admiral Zheng He & the Ming “Treasure Fleet” . Map of the Known World pre- 1492. W. Motives for European Exploration. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: European Exploration &  Conquest

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Page 2: European Exploration &  Conquest

Earlier Explorations1. Islam & the Spice Trade

Malaccas2. A New Player Europe

Marco Polo, 12713.Chinese Admiral Zheng He &

the Ming “Treasure Fleet”

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Page 3: European Exploration &  Conquest

Map of the Known World

pre- 1492

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Motives for European Exploration

1. Crusades by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia.

2. Renaissance curiosity about other lands and peoples.

3. Reformation refugees & missionaries.

4. Gold5. Technological advances.6. Fame and fortune.

Gold, Glory, God

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Page 5: European Exploration &  Conquest

New Maritime Technologies

Hartman Astrolabe

(1532)

Better Maps

Sextant

Mariner’s Compass

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Page 6: European Exploration &  Conquest

New TechnologyCaravel

Wheel lock Musket

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Page 7: European Exploration &  Conquest

Prince Henry, the Navigator

Started School for Navigation, 1419

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Page 8: European Exploration &  Conquest

Museum of Navigationin Lisbon

Page 9: European Exploration &  Conquest

Portuguese Maritime Empire

1. Exploring the west coast of Africa.

2. Bartolomeo Dias, 1487-tip of Africa.

3. Vasco da Gama, 1498-India.

4. Alfonso de Albuquerque (Goa, 1510; Malacca, 1511).

Page 10: European Exploration &  Conquest

Columbus [1451-1506]

Page 11: European Exploration &  Conquest

Columbus’ Four Voyages

Page 12: European Exploration &  Conquest

Other Voyages of Exploration

Page 13: European Exploration &  Conquest

Ferdinand Magellan: 1st Circumnavigation of the

World:Early 16c

Page 14: European Exploration &  Conquest

Atlantic Explorations

Looking for “El Dorado”

Page 15: European Exploration &  Conquest

Fernando Cortez

The First Spanish Conquests:The Aztecs

Montezuma II

vs.

Page 16: European Exploration &  Conquest

The Death of Montezuma II

Page 17: European Exploration &  Conquest

Mexico Surrenders to Cortez

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The “Columbian Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes

Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE

Syphilis

Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Onion Turnip Honeybee Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping Cough Rice Barley

Page 19: European Exploration &  Conquest

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Cycle of Conquest & Colonization

Explorers Conquistadores

Missionari

es

PermanentSettlers

OfficialEuropeanColony!

Page 21: European Exploration &  Conquest

Treasurefrom the Americas!

35 million pesos between 1596-1600

Page 22: European Exploration &  Conquest

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

Page 23: European Exploration &  Conquest

Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

Page 24: European Exploration &  Conquest

European Empires in

the Americas

Page 25: European Exploration &  Conquest

Triangular Trade

Page 26: European Exploration &  Conquest

Treaty of Tordesillas: Pope’s Line of Demarcation

SpainPortugal

Page 27: European Exploration &  Conquest

Father Bartolome de Las Casas

Spanish Monk who protested the Spanish cruelty towards Native Americans

New Laws 1542

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Page 28: European Exploration &  Conquest

New Colonial Rivals

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Impact of European Expansion1. Native American

populations ravaged by disease.

►Taino became extinct►1519 – 26 million►1605 – 2 million

2. 11-15 million Africans enslaved

3. Spread of Christianity

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Page 30: European Exploration &  Conquest

4. Columbian Exchange5. Influx of gold & silver

into Europe = inflation.• 10.5 million from 1581-

16006. Deepened European rivalries.7. Funding voyages of

exploration led to• Joint-stock companies• Entrepreneurs• Mercantilism Capitalism

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Page 31: European Exploration &  Conquest

8. New Patterns of World Trade

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