European ExplorationEuropean Exploration

Motivating Forces for Motivating Forces for ExplorationExploration

• Economic—Gold, natural Economic—Gold, natural resources, wanted slaves resources, wanted slaves and tradeand trade

• Religious—Spread of Religious—Spread of ChristianityChristianity

• Competitions for empire Competitions for empire and belief in superiority and belief in superiority of own cultureof own culture

Obstacles to ExplorationObstacles to Exploration• Poor maps and navigational toolsPoor maps and navigational tools

ObstaclesObstacles• Disease and starvationDisease and starvation

• Fear of unknownFear of unknown

• Lack of adequate suppliesLack of adequate supplies

Accomplishments of Accomplishments of ExplorationExploration

• Exchanged goods Exchanged goods and ideas; began and ideas; began tradingtrading

• Improved maps Improved maps and developed and developed better navigational better navigational tools and shipstools and ships

• Territories were claimed for Territories were claimed for Spain, France, England, Spain, France, England, PortugalPortugal

•GoldGold MotivationMotivation

•Lack of adequate Lack of adequate suppliessupplies

ObstacleObstacle

•Spread ChristianitySpread Christianity MotivationMotivation

•Exchanged goods and Exchanged goods and ideasideas

AccomplishmentAccomplishment

•Fear of the unknownFear of the unknown ObstacleObstacle

•Wanted tradeWanted trade MotivationMotivation

•Claimed territories for Spain, Claimed territories for Spain, France, England, PortugalFrance, England, Portugal

AccomplishmentAccomplishment

•Competition for empire and Competition for empire and belief in superiority of own belief in superiority of own cultureculture

MotivationMotivation

Established trade Established trade AccomplishmentAccomplishment

•Poor maps and navigational Poor maps and navigational toolstools

ObstacleObstacle

•Improved navigational tools Improved navigational tools and shipsand ships

AccomplishmentAccomplishment

•Disease and starvationDisease and starvation ObstacleObstacle

•Why did European countries Why did European countries compete for power in North compete for power in North America?America?

•What were the obstacles faced by What were the obstacles faced by the explorers?the explorers?

•What were the accomplishments of What were the accomplishments of the explorations?the explorations?

EnglandEngland

• John Cabot explored eastern CanadaJohn Cabot explored eastern Canada

John Cabot set sail in 1497 under the flag of England.

John Cabot John Cabot

SpainSpain•Motivations?Motivations?

•Obstacles?Obstacles?

•Accomplishments?Accomplishments?

SpainSpain

•Francisco Coronado claimed Francisco Coronado claimed southwest United States for southwest United States for Spain.Spain.

• Where did Coronado explore?Where did Coronado explore? Southwest—states of Arizona and New MexicoSouthwest—states of Arizona and New Mexico

• What was Coronado looking for?What was Coronado looking for? Seven Cities of GoldSeven Cities of Gold

• Who did Coronado claim land for?Who did Coronado claim land for? SpainSpain

What did the Spanish establish?What did the Spanish establish? Catholic MissionsCatholic Missions

• What group of American Indians did Coronado come What group of American Indians did Coronado come in contact with?in contact with?

PuebloPueblo

• What Geographic Regions or Bodies of Water did What Geographic Regions or Bodies of Water did Coronado cross?Coronado cross?

Basin and Range, Great Plains, Basin and Range, Great Plains, Colorado River, Rio Grande RiverColorado River, Rio Grande River

Spanish Cultural InteractionSpanish Cultural Interaction

• Conquered and enslaved American Conquered and enslaved American Indians(First Americans)Indians(First Americans)

• Brought Christianity to the New Brought Christianity to the New WorldWorld

• Brought European diseasesBrought European diseases

• Brought horses and other animals to Brought horses and other animals to AmericasAmericas

FranceFrance

• Samuel de Champlain established Samuel de Champlain established the French settlement of Quebec on the French settlement of Quebec on the St. Lawrence Riverthe St. Lawrence River

• Robert La Salle claimed the Robert La Salle claimed the Mississippi River ValleyMississippi River Valley

French Cultural InteractionFrench Cultural Interaction

• Established trading posts, often Established trading posts, often trading metal items for furstrading metal items for furs

• Spread Christian religionSpread Christian religion

Cultural Interaction of the Cultural Interaction of the EnglishEnglish

• Established settlements and claimed Established settlements and claimed ownership of landownership of land

• Learned farming techniques from Learned farming techniques from American Indians (First Americans)American Indians (First Americans)

PortugalPortugal

• The Portuguese made voyages of The Portuguese made voyages of discovery along West Africa discovery along West Africa beginning in the early 1400’s. beginning in the early 1400’s.

West AfricaWest Africa• Ghana, Mali, and Songhai became powerful Ghana, Mali, and Songhai became powerful

by controlling trade in West Africa, by controlling trade in West Africa, especially the vast trade in salt, necessary especially the vast trade in salt, necessary for survivalfor survival

• Ancient Ghana rose to power by controlling Ancient Ghana rose to power by controlling the trade of salt and gold in West Africathe trade of salt and gold in West Africa

• In the 1200’s the new empire Mali came to In the 1200’s the new empire Mali came to power; Timbuktu, its largest city was power; Timbuktu, its largest city was known for its libraries and universites.known for its libraries and universites.

• After the fall of Mali, the empire of Songhai After the fall of Mali, the empire of Songhai grew. Portugeese sailors first traded in grew. Portugeese sailors first traded in Songhai in the early 1400’s.Songhai in the early 1400’s.

Portugal’s TradePortugal’s Trade• The Portuguese carried goods from The Portuguese carried goods from

Europe to West African empires, trading Europe to West African empires, trading metals, cloth, and other manufactured metals, cloth, and other manufactured goods for goldgoods for gold

• As trade with Africa grew another tragic As trade with Africa grew another tragic trade also began: enslaved people were trade also began: enslaved people were kidnapped and taken from Africa to labor kidnapped and taken from Africa to labor for others. for others.

• By the 1470’s (before Columbus ever By the 1470’s (before Columbus ever came to North America) Lisbon, Portugal’s came to North America) Lisbon, Portugal’s capital was a busy slave-trading port. capital was a busy slave-trading port.

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange• The The Columbian exchangeColumbian exchange is the name is the name

given to the huge exchange of plants, given to the huge exchange of plants, animals, foods, humans, diseases, animals, foods, humans, diseases, languages and ideas that happened languages and ideas that happened between Native Americans and Europeans between Native Americans and Europeans after 1492.after 1492.

• The Columbian exchange led to sweeping The Columbian exchange led to sweeping changes in both hemispheres.changes in both hemispheres.

• For some the exchange brought For some the exchange brought devastating diseases, for others the devastating diseases, for others the exchange brought new crops and new exchange brought new crops and new prosperity. prosperity.

The Great Exchange The Great Exchange From the Americas to From the Americas to Europe, Africa and AsiaEurope, Africa and Asia

• PotatoPotato

• TomatoTomato

• CornCorn

• ChocolateChocolate

• PeanutsPeanuts

• BeansBeans

• TurkeyTurkey

• SquashSquash

• Chili peppersChili peppers

• AvocadoAvocado

• LlamasLlamas

• PineapplePineapple

From Europe, Asia and From Europe, Asia and Africa to the AmericasAfrica to the Americas

• BananasBananas

• OrangesOranges

• CoffeeCoffee

• CattleCattle

• HorsesHorses

• PigsPigs

• SheepSheep

• OatsOats

• RiceRice

• BarleyBarley

• WheatWheat

• ChickenChicken

There was both cooperation and conflict between Native Americans and European explorers and settlers.

Areas of Conflict between Areas of Conflict between European Explorers and Native European Explorers and Native

Americans Americans

• Land ownershipLand ownership

• Competition for tradeCompetition for trade

• Differences in cultureDifferences in culture

• DiseaseDisease

• Language differenceLanguage difference

Areas of Cooperation Areas of Cooperation between European Explorers and between European Explorers and

Native AmericansNative Americans

• Technologies (transportation of Technologies (transportation of weapons and farm tools)weapons and farm tools)

• TradeTrade

• CropsCrops

European Explorers and European Explorers and Settlers in North America Settlers in North America

• When the Europeans came from Spain, When the Europeans came from Spain, France, and England they had better France, and England they had better weapons, swifter horses and also weapons, swifter horses and also unknowingly spread terrible diseases unknowingly spread terrible diseases that killed millions of Native Americans. that killed millions of Native Americans. This made it possible for them to take This made it possible for them to take over and settle areas that had been over and settle areas that had been American Indian land for centuries. American Indian land for centuries. These events affected and changed life These events affected and changed life in America forever. in America forever.