eu coal policy
TRANSCRIPT
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Flexible and efficient coal-fired generation
in relation to EU energy policyAd Hoc Group of Experts on Cleaner ElectricityProduction from Coal and Other Fossil Fuels
8th Session
UNECE, Geneva
Brian RICKETTSSecretary-General, EURACOAL
14-15 November 2011
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EURACOAL: 35 members from 20 countriesCOALPRO - Confederation of UK Coal Producers(GBR)DEBRIV - Deutscher Braunkohlen-Industrie-Verein(DEU)GVSt - Gesamtverband Steinkohle (DEU)MMI - Mini Maritza Istok (BGR)PPC - Public Power Corporation (GRC)PPWB - Confederation of the Polish LigniteProducers (POL)ZPWGK - Polish Hard Coal Employer s Association(POL)ENEL (ITA)ZSDNP - Czech Confederation of Coal and Oil
Producers (CZE)APFCR - Coal Producers and SuppliersAssociation of Romania (ROU)BRGM - French Geological Service (FRA)CARBUNIN - Federation of Spanish CoalProducers (ESP)CoalImp - Association of UK Coal Importers (GBR)D.TEK (UKR)
EPS - Electric Power Industry of Serbia (SRB)GIG - Central Mining Research Institute (POL)HBP - Hornonitrianske bane Prievidza (SVK)
ISFTA Institute for Solid Fuels Technology &Applications (GRC)
Mtrai Kraftwerke (HUN)
PATROMIN - Federation of the Romanian Mining
Industry (ROU)Premogovnik Velenje (SVN)
RMU Banovici D.D. (BIH)
Swedish Coal Institute (SWE)
TKI - Turkish Coal Enterprises (TUR)
Ukrvuglerobotodavtsy - All-Ukrainian Coal EmployersAssociation (UKR)
Vagledobiv Bobov dol EOOD (BGR)
VDKI - Verein der Kohlenimporteure (DEU)
Coaltrans Conferences Limited (GBR)
EMAG (POL)
Finnish Coal Info (FIN)
Golder Associates (GBR)
Geocontrol (ESP)
ISSeP - Institut Scientifique de Service Public (BEL)
KOMAG (POL)
University of Nottingham (GBR)
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 2 EURACOAL, 2011
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Finland.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkey.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sweden.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Slovenia.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hungary.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Slovakia.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Civil_Flag_of_Serbia.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ukraine.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Romania.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Poland.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Greece.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium.svg -
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A new publication from EURACOAL
EU hard coal production: 133 Mt
EU lignite production: 396 Mt
EU coal imports: 188 Mt
Coal and lignite are the European Unions most important energy resources.
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 3 EURACOAL, 2011
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Global energy resources, reserves and use
lignite, 8.1%
hard coal, 69.5%
unconv. gas, 16.9%
natural gas, 1.5%
unconv. oil, 2.1%
oil, 0.7% thorium, 0.4%
uranium, 0.9%
8.1%
45.0%
0.4%
18.3%
7.0%
16.9%
1.0%3.2%
Resources21 000 Gtce
Reserves1 400 Gtce
Production16 Gtce
R/P = 87 years
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 5 EURACOAL, 2011
source:AnnualReport201
0R
eserves,
Resourcesan
d
AvailabilityofEnergyReso
urces,
Bundesanstaltfr
GeowissenschaftenundR
ohstoffe
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Fuel sources for electricity generation, 2009EU-27: 3 178 TWh (15.8%)World: 20 055 TWh
sources: IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2011 and IEA databases
lignite 3.4%
+ hard coal 37.1%= 40.5%
other
hydro
nuclear
gas oil
lignite 10.6%
+ hard coal 16.1%
= 26.7%other
hydro
nuclear
gas
oil
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 6 EURACOAL, 2011
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Coal-fired generation in selected countries, 2010
* 2009 data for non-OECD countries source: IEA databases
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 7 EURACOAL, 2011
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World commercial energy use to 2030
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 8 EURACOAL, 2011
source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2011, BP, London
Coal, oil and gas shares converge at around 25-27% in 2030 (others = 7%).
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Technologies to reduce global CO2 emissions
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 9 EURACOAL, 2011
CCS and efficient coal-fired power generation are key future technologies.
source: Energy Technology Perspectives 2010, International Energy Agency, OECD/IEA, Paris
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Why is efficiency important?
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 10 EURACOAL, 2011
A one percentage point (1%-age point) improvement in coal-firedpower plant efficiency would save 0.23 GtCO2 per year the total
CO2 emissions from the Netherlands and Denmark.
Best practice at all plants would save 1.7 GtCO2 per year.
The energy supply chain: energy resources to meeting consumer needs.
source: Power Generation from Coal - measuring and reporting efficiency performance and CO2emissions,OECD/IEA Coal Industry Advisory Board, Paris, 2010.
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G8 Gleneagles Summit, 2005
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 11 EURACOAL, 2011
Scenarios & strategies aimed at a clean, clever & competitive energy future.
G8 leaders agreed to support efforts to improve theefficiency of traditionalcoal-fired power stations, through a programme of work by the IEA to identifyand promote the use of leading-edge technology and operating practice.
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IEA / CIAB report on power plant efficiency
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 12 EURACOAL, 2011
International Energy AgencyCoal Industry Advisory Board
working group: E.ON (lead) , RWE,VGB PowerTech, EPRI, World EnergyCouncil, IEA Clean Coal Centre, FEPC,KETEP, Eskom, J Power, PolishMinistry of Economy, Rio Tinto, Suek,
Shenhua Coal, Arch Coal, Epcor,Leonardo Technologies.
Recommendations:
International database of coal-firedplant efficiency should be establishedwith non-commercial data reconciledcentrally on a consistent basis.
Global coal fleet efficiency toolidentify opportunities, future projections.
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Energy flows in a typical 500 MW power plant
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 13 EURACOAL, 2011
source: Power Generation from Coal - measuring and reporting efficiency performanceand CO2emissions, OECD/IEA Coal Industry Advisory Board, Paris, 2010.
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Development of coal-fired power plant efficiency
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 14 EURACOAL, 2011
source: Efficiency Improvements in coal-fired power plants, Dr. Rainer Quinkerz, IEA Workshop on Energy Efficiency and Clean CoalTechnologies, Moscow, 25-27 October 2010
Coal-fired power plant efficiency should rise above 50% in the near future.
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Specific CO2 emissions from coal-fired plants
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 15 EURACOAL, 2011
source: Power Generation from Coal - measuring and reporting efficiency performance and CO2emissions,OECD/IEA Coal Industry Advisory Board, Paris, 2010.
Improving efficiency reduces CO2 emissions with certainty and at a low cost.
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CO2 emissions from coal-fired power plants
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 16 EURACOAL, 2011
OECDChina
India
state-of-the-art
RD&D
0
500
1000
1500
2000
15% 25% 35% 45% 55%
efficiency (LHV)
gCO
2/kWh
SUBCRITICAL SUPER-
CRITICAL
ULTRA-
SUPERCRITICAL / IGCC
Chinese new build
Indian new build
fleet averages
single plants
Rich developed countries are lagging behind the emerging economies.
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Parameters that influence efficiency
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 17 EURACOAL, 2011
Design, fuel selection and location factors:
Cooling medium temperature and system type
Fuel moisture, ash and sulphur content
Ambient temperature
Export/import of heat (cogeneration & CHP)
Use of flue gas desulphurisation and low-NOx combustion systems
Operational factors:
Average load and load factor
Operating regime, transients, unit starts
Maintenance related factors:
Average level of deterioration from new
Equipment reliability and availability
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Evolution of coal-fired power plant efficiency
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 18 EURACOAL, 2011
source: Power Generation from Coal - measuring and reporting efficiency performance and CO2emissions,OECD/IEA Coal Industry Advisory Board, Paris, 2010.
annual data and 5-year moving averages
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State-of-the-art coal-fired power plants
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 19 EURACOAL, 2011
Genesee 3,Canada (570C/570C, 41.4%)
Isogo New Unit 1,Japan (600C/610C, 42%)
Niederaussem K,Germany (580C/600C, 43.7%)
Nordjyllandsvrket 3,Denmark (582C/580C/580C, 47%)
Younghung,South Korea (566C/566C, 43.3%)
E.ON Wilhelmshaven Kraftwerk 50plus,Germany (700C, >50%)
source: Fossil-fired Power Generation
case studies of recently constructed coal- andgas-fired power plants, OECD/IEA, Paris, 2007.
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EURACOAL response to DG Energy consultationPower plant renewal and modernisationin short term, highestefficiencies in medium term, strong drive towards CCS in long term.
EU Emissions Trading Scheme: an objective assessment of itsimpact on global emissions and EU industry should inform policydecisions about its future. Introducing command & control
emission limits would undermine the scheme.
Energy storageis vital to energy security. The cheapest virtualstore of electricity is coal stocks at power plants.
Power system flexibilityto balance intermittent renewablesrequires flexible backup and incentives, e.g. capacity payments.
Energy efficiency should extend beyond end-use to upstream
efficiency where gains can be large and easily realised.
Biomass co-firing at coal power plants is the most efficient way toconvert biomass into electricity.
DG Energy must balance security, sustainability and affordability.
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 20 EURACOAL, 2011
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Power plant flexibility
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 21 EURACOAL, 2011
Coal-fired power plants are flexible and complement intermittent renewables.
source: RWEGas-fired CCGT: 10 MW/min to 38 MW/min ramp rates
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Modernisation and CO2 capture & storage
Continuous power plant modernisation and new CCS-ready plants.
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
2000 2010 2020
av
erageCO2emissionsperunitofele
ctricity
ge
neratedatcoal-firedpowerplants(g/kWh) world
700C
CCS
state-of-the-art
EU
4 400 MW Bechatw power plant, Poland
source: VGB PowerTech e.V., Essen
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 22 EURACOAL, 2011
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ConclusionsCoal and lignite are super abundant: 80% of EU fossil fuel reserves.
Coal is No.1 today and will remain an important pillar of competitiveelectricity supplies tomorrow.
A balanced energy mix is a winning policy: switching from coal to gasimposes an enormous economic burden with price and supply risks,while lower end-use emissions come at the expense of higherupstream emissions.
Continuous investment is needed to modernise power plants across theEU a clean coal investment strategy can reduce emissions by onethird from older plants.
CO2 capture & storage (CCS) is a vital part of the internationalresponse to climate change: it is expected to deliver almost 20%of very ambitious CO2 reductions by 2050.
EURACOAL supports the European Commissions efforts to demonstrate
a wide range of CCS technologies, including in heavy industry.
Governments should guarantee non-discriminatory access to a CO2transport infrastructure and ensure sufficient CO2 storage capacityin the future.
UNECE, Geneva, 14-15 November 2011, slide 23 EURACOAL, 2011
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Thank you!
Brian RICKETTS, Secretary-GeneralEuropean Association for Coal and Lignite AISBL168 avenue de Tervueren, Bte 11BE-1150 BrusselsBelgiumricketts euracoal.orgwww.euracoal.org