ESPM 131 Spring 2006Introduction to the fungi

The Hypha

Jacobson, Hickey, Glass & Read

Hyphal Fusion

Hickey, Jacobson, Glass & Read

A. H. R. Buller 1931

Mycelium

Arbuscule (basically ahaustorium)

(c) D. Redecker, K. Wex

Extensive mycelium of an ectomycorrhizal fungus

The individual strandsyou see arerhizomorphs: bundlesof organized hyphaeused for long-distancetransport

Undisturbed forest should have large genetsBoletus photoshopii

19 12

18

Shaded area = 316 sq.m

10 meters1

79

20

21

2

3

45

6

11

810

13 14

15

16

1722

[Berkeley] Single individuals can belarge

Suillus pungens genets inpre-fire Pt. ReyesBonello et al. 1998. NewPhytol. 138:533-542.

Mitotic (asexual) spore state arevery common in Ascomycete

Zone lines in wood cause by vegetative interactionsbetween different genotypes of decay fungi

Nematode trapping fungiTrap types

adhesive net traps

Constricting ring traps

Non-constricting ring traps

Rotifer trapping

From Barron and Szijarto 1991

Photos from George Barron.

Stylopage anomala trapping amoebae

Bacteriophagy from Barron 1988 Can. J. Bot.

Chytridiomycota +

Zygomycota

Ascomycota

Basidiomycota

KingdomFungi

Glomales

SpizellomycesSpizellomyces

Allomyces zoo- and resistant sporangia

Amphibian Decline -- Chytridiomycota Pathogen

http://www.jcu.edu.au/school/phtm/PHTM/frogs/chpr1/fc13.htmJames Cook University, Townsville, Australia

Rick Speare, Lee Berger, Alax Haytt

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Rhizopus stolonifer

from O’Donnell, (1979), Zygomycetes in culture.

Arbuscular mycorrhiza(Plantago media and Glomus clarum)

spore

extraradical hyphae

(c) D. Redecker

100µm

Photo from Ann Pringle

Chytridiomycota +

Zygomycota

Ascomycota

Basidiomycota

KingdomFungi

Glomales

Hallmark of the Ascomycota - theAscus

Mitotic (asexual) spore state arevery common in Ascomycete

Apothecia

Perithecium - a common ascocarp type

Basidia from Alexopoulos et al.

Basidiomycetes - a major group of Forest Pathogensand mycorrhizal symbionts

Hyphae with clamps

Coprinus developmentFrom Ingold 1953

FromBuller

Mushrooms(Agarics & Boletes)

Tooth fungi(Hydnoid)

ResupinateCorticioid

Club and Coral fungi

Polypores

GastromycetesPuffballs &false-truffles

Jelly fungi

Cystofilobasidiella

Achyla oogonium and antheridia

Oomycotathe water molds(fungal-like protists)

Saprolegnia zoosporangia

Mature

Primary cysts

Proliferation

Pythium zoospore release

Damping off by Pythium

Sudden Oak Death, Phytophthora ramorum, Marin Co. 2001

Physarumswarmers

Plasmodial Slime MoldMyxogasteromycota

Physarum species

Plasmodial Slime Mold

Leocarpus species

Fuligo, Aethalium