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esjk vkthou dkjkokl

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esjk

vkthou

dkjkokl

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


esjk vkthou dkjkokl

fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj

izHkkr izdk’ku] fnYyh ™

ISO 9001:2000 izdk’kd

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vkHkkj Lokra™;ohj lkojdj jk”Vªh;Lekjd

252 Lokra™;ohj lkojdj ekxZ

f’kokth m|ku] nknj] eqacbZ&28

izdk’kd izHkkr izdk’ku™

4@19 vklQ vyh jksM+]

ubZ fnYyh&110002

lokZf/kdkj lqjf{kr

laLdj.k 2009

ewY; pkj lkS :i,

eqnzd u:yk fizaVlZ] fnYyh

MERA AAJEEVAN KARAVAS by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar

Published by Prabhat Prakashan, 4/19 Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi-2

Rs. 400.00 ISBN 81-7315-648-4

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vuqØe

izkLrkfod 15

iwokZ/kZ 19

1- cacbZ fLFkr Mksaxjh dk dkjkx`g 21

nwljk fnu 23

txr~ dk fi”Vkis”k.k 24

ogh gksxk tks izfrdwy gS 26

nk:.k vk?kkr 26

egkdkO; 27

Jh xksfoanflag dk pfj= 28

lj lj gsujh dkWVu 29

cfynkuh ohj ;k v/ke 31

iRuh ls HksaV 32

2- Hkk;[kyk dkjkx`g 34

3- Bk.ks dkjkx`g 39

dfu”B ca/kq 40

nknk] ;g fyft, 40

NwVsaxs ;k ejsaxs 41

Ik= igqapk fn;k 42

flag&iq:”k 43

foyk;rh NSy&Nchyh 43

dkaVksa dk eqdqV 44

vdZ gSa vdZ 45

mius=ksa dh uhykeh 45

5

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vaneku dk pkyku 46

pkyku vk x;k 47

Øwj MdSr 48

Ckgu dh gR;k 48

Ikjksidkjh vf/kdkjh 49

4- vaneku ds fy, izLFkku 50 mUeqDr gkL; 50

pkyku dk uke 52

ckfyLVj dh izfr”Bk 53

pys HkS;k dkykikuh 55

eksxykbZ eSnku 57

5- dkysikuh dk lkxj 61

izLFkku 62

ty;ku dh xanxh 62

jked`”.k ijegal 64

;wjksfi;uksa dk O;ogkj 65

ckjh ckck dh dgkuh 65

izLrqr fLFkfr 67

6- vaneku dk o.kZu 69

eysfj;k dk izknqHkkZo 70

tksad] lkai o du[ktwjs 70

vaneku vkSj fganqLFkku 72

vaneku dh fLFkfr 72

rhjksa dh ckSNkj 74

ujekal Hk{kd 75

tkojksa dk O;olk; 76

iksVZ Cysvj 78

clkgr dh vksj pyks 78

vaxszth uke dk fganhdj.k 80

7- vaneku esa 82

pyks] mBkvks fcLrjk! 83

Ckkjh lkgc vkrk gS 84

6

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Ckkjh ckck dk mins’k 84

8- dksBjh esa igyk lIrkg 88

lu~ 1857 ds fonzksg dh ppkZ 92

dkSu ugha gksrk LokFkhZ 94

nksuksa gh leku Fks 95

vuq”Vqi~ Nan 95

dkjkx`g dh izFke xqIr fpV~Bh 97

lko/kkuh dh lwpuk 98

xqIrpjksa dk dke 99

tks gS lks dg Mkyk 100

fo’okl?kkr 101

vc cl gqvk] ekQ djks 102

ngh ukfj;y 103

cl gks x;k] ekQ djks 104

ekQ djks esa ls ^ek* 105

9- r=LFk jktcafn;ksa dh iwoZ fLFkfr 107

ce&xksysokys 107

thHkokys vFkok jktcanh 108

^Mh* fVdV 109

Øwj nsork dk Hkksx 109

dksYgw 110

rsy iwjk djuk iMs+xk 111

jkf= esa dksYgw ij dke 112

jksx dk Lokax 113

ikyrw cukus dk iz;ksx 114

eSa dgaw ogh jksxh 114

ugha pkfg, ;g thou 116

pqVdh Hkj rackdw 117

vanekuh; uhfr’kkL= 117

uSlfxZd fof/k dk vf/kdkj 119

izFke gM+rky 119

iksVZ Cysvj dk bZ’oj 120

7

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


oS|d ‘kkL= dk ,d vkSj izesg 123

ikiHkh: ckjh lkgc 124

lkyk yksx! csar yxkosaxsa 126

ckjh jfpr ukVd 127

vki jktcanh ugha gSa 128

10- vxzt ds n’kZu 130

;gh vykSfdd HkkX; ugha gS D;k 132

vkSj dk;kZsa ds fo”k; esa 133

11- dksYgw dk cSy 134

rsy?kkuh esa 135

mnkj fe=ksa dk lg;ksx 136

ekufld fonzksg 137

vkRegR;k dk vkdZ”kd 138

;fn ejuk gS rks 139

ejsaxs rks oSls gh ejsaxs 139

12- vaneku esa laxBu vkSj izpkj 141

vaneku esa laxBu 141

jktcafn;ksa dk f’k{k.k 141

canhx`g esa mRlo 142

f[kM+fd;kas ij okŸkkZyki 143

dkjkxkj dk VsyhQksu 143

iqLrdksa dh deh 144

iqLrdksa dk oS”kE; 146

iqLrdksa dk ifj.kke 146

vpkud Nkik iM+k 149

rqrh nhokj vkSj jkeckal dk dkaVk 150

dsoy i<+dj D;k djksxs 151

jktuhfrd bfrgkl’kkL=] jktuhfrd ‘kklu’kkL= vkSj

jktuhfrd vFkZ’kkL= 152

13- fganqLFkku ls i=&O;ogkj vkSj lekpkj&izkfIr 153

eqag lhdj vR;kpkj 154

f’kdk;r izdV dSls djsa 155

8

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gksrhyky dk i= 156

ckjh lkgc dk HkM+duk 157

ckjh ds Hkk”k.k dh izfr/ofu 158

Lons’kokfl;ksa dh fLFkfr dSlh gS 159

fcYys ds ihNs i= 162

ijnslh Mkd 163

lekpkjksa dk ,d vkSj ekxZ 164

xks[kys dk fu/ku 165

ge ,d lkS ikap 166

14- 1911 ds jkT;ksjksg.k lekjksg dh ijNkbZa 168

eqfDr dh vk’kk 168

mRlo 169

vjfoan ckcw dk d`”.k&n’kZu 170

cM+s ckcw NwV x, 172

‘kqHk ‘kdqu 173

dy dk fnu 173

15- vanekuh cafn;ksa dk Hkkstu 177

cafn;ksa dk Hkkstu 177

NksVk ckjh 178

ngh dk yksVk 179

:fpdj Hkkstu 180

jktcafn;ksa esa isVw 183

lCth esa lkai vkSj du[ktwjs 184

mŸkjnkf;Ro fganw isVh vQlj ij 185

16- vkRegR;k] /kj&idM+ ,oa nwljh&rhljh gM+rky 188

Toj ;k nLr dh nok gS D;k 190

jksx Hkh Hkksx gh izrhr gksrs 191

viekfur thou ls ej tkuk vPNk 192

mYykldj nŸk 196

ckjh ds lkFk }a};q} 198

og e/;kâ dk le; 198

mldk fu”Bqj lkStU; 201

9

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ikxyiu dk <ksax 202

gFkdfM+;ksa esa yVdus ij Hkh 203

vaxszth esa ugh] fganh esa cksyks 207

ukuh xksiky 210

vUu R;kx 216

Hkw[k gM+rky dk var 217

VsyhQksu [kRe rks VsyhxzkQ ‘kq: 221

iBku ;k fganw 222

rhljh gM+rky dk var 223

mŸkjk/kZ 225

1- vaneku esa laxBu vkSj izpkj dk;Z 227

dkjkx`g ds ckgj py xazFkky; 238

2- vaneku esa ‘kqf} 241

Hkz”Vhdj.k dh izFke fof/k 242

eqlyekuksa dk fojks/k 245

‘kqf}dj.k [ksy ugha 246

Ifrrks}kj dh fo’ks”k vko’;rk 247

cM+ksa dk cpiuk 249

vaneku esa ‘kqf} 250

fganw ckyd dk vfHk;ksx 252

vki vU; yksxksa dks fganw D;ksa ugha cukrs 253

rhoz vkSj [kjk vk{ksi 255

‘kqf} dk;Z dk izR;{k ‘kqHkkjaHk 257

nks tuksa dk iqu% fganw cuok;k x;k 258

fganqvksa }kjk fganwdj.k dk fojks/k 259

lhyksuh bZlkbZ dh ‘kqf} 260

caxkyh ckyd dks cpk;k 260

vc jksus dh ckjh eqlyekuksa dh 263

eqlyekuksa ds vR;pkj fujLr 264

[kku&iku ls fganw Hkz”V ugha gksrk 266

fganw canh dk vu’ku 266

10

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


os pus fganw D;ksa ugha cu tkrs 267

Hkz”Vrk dk nks”k u”V fd;k 268

Ckkckjko ij vkØe.k 269

Tkux.kuk ds volj ij 273

fl[k Hkh fganw gh gSa 274

dke Vkyus dk cgkuk uekt 278

ckax vkSj ‘ka[k dh izfrLi/kkZ 278

vR;kpkj ls /keZizpkj ugha 281

cfg”drkZvksa dh gh ‘kqf} 282

3- ;wjksih; teZu egk;q} 284

xoZuj tujy ij ce 285

ykyk gjn;ky 288

lqjsanzukFk cutha 289

vaxsztksa ds nkekn ls ;q} 292

foo’krko’k l’kL= izfrdkj 295

vU; yksxksa dks rks eqDr fd;k tk, 297

cafn;ksa dh yM+kbZ dh dYiuk 298

fganqLFkku dk ykHk nsf[k, 302

eqlyekuksa }kjk rqdhZ dh cM+kbZ 303

lezkV~ eqlyeku vkSj vk;Z cuk 304

ew[kZrk ds ihNs lqlaxfr 306

iqu% dke esa tqVk;k 307

,EMsu dk vkxeu 309

vaxsztksa dh n`<+rk] gekjk Hkksykiu 311

foi{k dh mfpr dYiuk gks 312

fujis{k lqK ;kstuk cukvks 313

fo’o dks vaneku dk ifjp; 315

4- vaneku esa jktcafn;ksa dk jsyk 316

ml rsy us vlarks”k dh vkx HkM+dkbZ 320

ijekuan us ckjh dks ekjk 322

ckjh ij xkfy;ka nsus dh ikacnh 323

>xM+s dh tM+ lkojdj 324

11

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


jk”Vªfgr esa v&fojks/kh opu dk ikyu 325

nksukas lansg R;kT; 327

,d fnolh; fujis{k n;k Hkko 328

ckjh Vka;&Vka; fQLl 330

LokLF; fxj x;k 332

5- pkSFkh gM+rky rFkk fxjrk LokLF; 337

lkojdj ls Mjrs D;ksa gks 342

eqfDr ls Hkh D;k ykHk 350

ukeek= dh f}rh; Js.kh 352

vanekuh; i=ksa dk loZ= izpkj 354

fxM+fM+kus esa Hkh fuiq.k 357

ckjh grk’k gks x;k 359

lR;kxzgh jkej{kk dh e`R;q 361

iqutZUe ysdj okil ykSVawxk 363

fujk’k&grk’k ykyk gjn;ky 365

6- e`R;q ‘k¸;k ij 367

jktegy jksx u ns[ks 368

fcfYy;ksa dh yM+kbZ vkSj jkek;.k 371

ianzg fnu rks lq[k izkIr gksrk 372

rhuksa ca/kqvksa dk Hkjr&feyki 373

fodkj vkSj foosd dk }a} 375

eaMu feJ dh dksBjh 377

dkO; jpuk can 378

ckck dk nq%[kn n’kZu 379

7- iatkc rFkk xqtjkr esa naxs 381

fu;ekuqlkj nafMr lSfud jktcafn;ksa dk vkxeu vkSj

dkjkxkjh; vk;ksx ¼tsy deh’ku½ ds lEeq[k oDrO; 381

ns’kHkfDr vkSj cqf} cy 382

cu x, taVyeSu 383

ckjh dh fuLi`grk 384

Økafrdkjh vkSj i{kh 385

Ckkjh dh e`R;q 387

12

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


‘kki vkSj {kek 387

Bhd djusokys gh Bhd gks x, 390

fganw laLd`fr ds vfHkekuh canhiky 391

dkjkx`g tkap lfefr 392

lp dgus dk vFkZ canhokl c<+kuk 394

eqfDr dk ekinaM 394

l/ks gq, rdZ’kq} mŸkj 396

dkjkokl dh O;oLFkk 399

8- lSdM+ksa cafn;ksa dh eqfDr 403

9- vaneku esa fganh dk izpkj 412

dU;kvksa dks fganh ukxjh f’k{kk 421

10- lok ckfy’r dk fganw jkT; 423

lyke ugha] jke&jke 424

lHkh ij /kkd tekbZ 425

ihM+k vkSj vR;kpkj can 425

Hkaxh ds lkFk lgHkkst 426

yksdekU; dh e`R;q ij miokl 427

lHkk,a Hkh xqIr :i ls Hkjus yxha 428

jktcafn;ksa dk lEeku gksus yxk 430

o;Ldksa ds fy, Hkh f’k{kk dh lqfo/kk 431

xazFkky; dk foLrkj 432

vf/kdkjh vk’p;Zpfdr 433

f’k{kk dh O;k[;k 433

ckck dh /kS;Z’khy ewfrZ 434

iRFkj dh nhokj vkf[kj VwVh 435

vijkf/k;ksa dk lgh mi;ksx 436

foi{k dh lgkuqHkwfr] Loi{k dk fojks/k 437

yksdfgr esa yksdfiz;rk dk cfynku 439

vxzxkeh cuks 442

vfgalk dh ekaxfyd >a>k 444

izfrlgdkj 445

11- vaneku ds vafre fnu 447

13

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ikcanh rksM+dj canh us igukbZ paik dh ekyk 451

ikxyksa ds fiatjs esa 453

12- nqfnZuksa dh iqujko`fŸk 456

lekpkj dh Hkkokatfy 458

ckjg o”kZ ckn ukfld vk;k 458

jRukfxjh dkjkxkj 459

vkRe?kkr dk vafre >Vdk 459

vlguh; nq%[k lguk gh gksxk 460

eSa&vlg;ksxh&lR; gekjk vkn’kZ ozr 462

jRukfxjh ds canhx`g esa ‘kqf} 463

jRukfxjh dkjkx`g esa naxk 464

cafn;ksa esa f’k{kk&vkanksyu 465

rhu iqLrdsa izdkf’kr 466

ckck dkjkeqDr 467

vaneku ds lg&d”VHkksxh fe=ksa ls HkasV 468

;jonk esa ‘kqf}dj.k 470

izFke jktuhfr] vU;Fkk lektdk;Z 472

eqfDr dh ‘krksZ dk izk:Ik 475

13- vktUe dkjkokl dh vafre jkf= 476

14- fiz; ikBd! 471

ifjf’k”V&

fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj ds dkjkx`g dh bfrgkl&nf’kZdk 481

14

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izkLrfod

LotuL; fg nq%[kexzrksA

foo`Ÿk}kjfeoksi tk;rsAA

&dkfynkl

gekjs vanekuokys o`Ÿkkar rFkk ogka canhokl dks fuHkkrs le; Hkqxruh iM+h ;krukvksa dh dgkuh lquus ds fy, u dsoy egkjk"Vª esa vfirq

lewps fganqLFkku esa gekjs gtkjksa ns’kca/kqvksa us lgkuqHkwfriw.kZ mRlqdrk vkt rd le;≤ ij izdV dh gSA ml ij Hkh] ftu lq[k&nq%[kksa

dks geus Hkqxr fy;k] mudk fuosnu lqànksa ls djrs le; leku osnukvksa ls tfur vklqvksa ds dkj.k fLuX/k gksus okys e/kqj vkuan dk

vuqHko djus ds fy, gekjk àn; gekjh eqDrrk ds {k.kksa ls LokHkkfod gh O;kdqy gksrk vk;k gSA

fQj Hkh vkt rd vaneku dh dgkuh gksBksa rd igqapus ij Hkh fdlh rjg gksaBksa ls ckgj ugha fudy jgh FkhA va/kdkj esa c<+usokyh

fdlh daVhyh iq"iyrk dh Hkkafr mu vaf/k;kjs fnuksa dh ;kn mft;kjs dks ns[krs gh lw[kus yxrh] HkkSapDdk gks tkrhA

dHkh yxrk Fkk] D;k crkus ds mn~ns’; ls og lc Hkqxr fy;k Fkk\ rks fQj mls funzk vfHku; dh dguk pkfg,A dHkh yxrk Fkk] gesa tks

;kruk,a Hkqxruh iM+ha mu ;krukvksa dks Hkqxrrs&Hkqxrrs tks yksx mu ;krukvksa ds f’kdkj gks x,] mudks rks ?kj ykSVdj fiz;tuksa dks

vius os lq[k&nq%[k crkus dk Hkh larks"k ugha izkIr gqvkA os lkFkh vkt gekjs chp ugha gSa] ftuds lkFk ri dh tyu dks lg fy;k Fkk]

mudks NksM+dj lekjksg dh nkor ds idoku vdsys gh dSls [kk,a\ D;k ;g muds lkFk izrkM+uk ugha gksxh\

vkSj ge tSls dfri; euq";ksa ij vkt rd ,sls fodV ladVksa dk lkeuk djusokys vkàku vk fxjs gSa vkSj vHkh Hkh blh izdkj ds

vFkok blls Hkh Hk;kud vkàku vk fxjusokys gSaA bl thou&dyg ds uxkM+s ds dksykgy ds chp ge viuh

15

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


bruh lh gyxh D;ksa ctkrs jgsa\

nq%[k ds xys esa vkØks’k dk <ksy rks dqnjr us gh yVdk fn;k gS] rkfd mls ctkdj og viuk ;FkklaHko euksjatu dj ldsA ckt us

fu’kkuk yxkrs gh foo’k gks mldh pkasp ds vanj gh Qalk gqvk iaNh& lgk;rk dh ys’kek= vk’kk u gksrs gq, Hkh& tks LokHkkfod ph[

fudkyrk gS] ml ph[k ls ysdj] usiksfy;u dk ‘’ko lsaV gsfyuk ls isfjl ftls fnu yk;k x;k] ml fnu ,d iwjk&dk&iwjk jk"Vª vius

/otksa dks >qdk,] vius gtkjksa ok|ksa ls gtkjksa ’kksd &Loj rFkk fojg xhrksa dks xkrs gq, nq%[k vkSj vkØks’k dk tks izdVhdj.k dj jgk

Fkk&ml vkØks’k rd] ml jk"Vªh; LqwfrZxku rd] ftruk Hkh izkf.kl`f"V dk vkØks’k gS] mruk lc vius&vius nq%[k dks loZKkr djus esa

eXu gksrk gSA vkØks’k nq%[k dk LoHkko gh gS] lks bl vuar varjky esa tks vuar ph[ksa vius&vius nq%[k dk cks> gydk djrh gqbZ

fopj.k dj jgh gS] muds e/; esjk nq%[k Hkh vfHkO;fDr dk lkal D;ksa u NksM+s\ bl vuar varjky esa esjs Hkh vkØks’k ds fy, Lfkku

gksxkA ,slk lkspdj izofŸk dHkh&dHkh nq%[k dks ,dckjxh fuxyus ds fy, rS;kj gks tkrh Fkh] ijarq rHkh ifjfLFkfr mlds ikao [khapdj

mls ihNs <dsy nsrh FkhA

gekjh l|;%dkyhu ifjfLFkfr esa] gekjs vanekuokys vuqHko esa tks dqN crykus yk;d gS] ogh fo’ks"k :i esa crk;k ugha tk ldrkA

ifjfLFkfr dh ifjf/k esa tks crk;k tk ldrk gS] og fcYdqy Åijh lrg dk] [kks[kyk rFkk vis{kkd`r Jqnz yxrk gqvk] dgus esa dksbZ

:fp ugha vkSj tks dgus yk;d yxrk gS] mls ifjfLFkfr;ka dgus ugha nsrhA ,slh voLFkk esa dqN Hkh crkrs gq, dF; dk fp= jaxghu

rFkk lRoghu dj nsus dh vis{kk vHkh dqN Hkh us crk,aA tc og fnu vk tk,xk fd lkjh xw<+ vkdka{kk,a vfHkO;fDr gks ldsa] lkjh ewd

Hkkouk,a [kqysvke ckrsa dj lds] ml fnu tks dqN dguk gS] ;Fkk izek.k dg nsaxsA ;fn ,slk fnu bl ftanxh ds nkSjku fudydj ugha

vk;k] rks ugha dgsaxsa ;fn ml o`Ÿkkar dks txr us ugha lquk rks ml otg ls mldk egRo rks de ugha gksxk vFkok mldh rhozrk de

ugha gksxh] vFkok bl fo’o dh fojkV~ fnup;kZ esa og lc vulquk jgus ds dkj.k dksbZ cM+h :dkoV vkusokyh gS] ,slk Hkh ughaA ,slh

gekjh lksp FkhA

fpŸk dh ,slh nksyk;eku voLFkk esa vkt rd vaneku ds gekjs laLdj.k gekjs fiz; ca/k qvksa dks lqukus dk dke oSlk gh jg x;kA gekjs

ckn vaneku vkdj gekjs igys tks eqDr gq, Fks] ,sls dfri; jktuhfrd cafn;ksa us vius&vius vuqHkoksa dks izfl} fd;k& ,slk geus

ns[kkA vU;= Hkh o"kZ vFkok Ng eghuksa ds fy, tks dkjkx`g esa can Fks] ,sls yksxksa us Hkh muds vuqHkoksa rFkk mudh ;krukvksa dh dgkuh

dks le;%le;

16

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ij izfl} fd;k vkSj geus mls i<+ fy;kA ijaRkq ,sls vkRe&Le`fr dFku esa vkRe&’yk?kk dh tks xa/k vfuok;Z :i esa vk tkrh gS] og

gekjs eu dks iqu%&iqu% ldqpk;k djrh Fkh vkSj fiz;tuksa ds ikl vius lq[k&nq%[kksa dks [kqys eu ls dg ls dg Mkyus dh izo`fŸk xr

rFkk ftl ladVksa ds ijkHko dh dgkuh crykus dk vkuan vuqHko djus ds fy, vR;ar mRlqd gksus ij Hkh ifjfLFkfr iqu%&iqu% ekxZ

vo:} dj nsrh FkhA

rFkkfi] tks dqN Hkh vk/kk&v/kwjk vFkok vYi&LoYi l|%dkyhu ifjfLFkfr dh ifjf/k esa crykus yk;d gksxk] mls rks vkidks dg nsuk gh

gksxk] gesa og Hkh lquus yk;d yxus okyk gS] bl izdkj dk vR;ar mRlqd] fu"iki rFkk izse;qDr vkxzg fo[;kr izdk’ku eaMfy;ksa ls

ysdj ikB’kkyk ds cPpksa rd] lHkh vksj ls gesa vHkh Hkh yxkrkj gksrs jgrs gSaA bl dkj.k ,sls vkxzg dk vc lEeku u djuk ,d

rjQ ls fou; dk vfrjsd djds lkoZtfud euks Hkax djuk gksxk] ,slk gesa yxus yxk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa tks dqN cryk;k tk lds] og

gekjk vaneku dk o`Ÿkkar gS& ;g dg nsus dk fu’p; geus fd;k gSA lqlaxr o`Ÿkkar&dFku vlaHko gS] ;g rks tkfgj gSA vr% tks dqN

laf{kIr] VwVs&QwVs rFkk laca/kfofgu laLej.k ge crk ldsaxs] mUgha ds izfr ikBd larks" eku ys vkSj muds chp tks folaxfr;ka vFkok

vLi"Vrk gksxh] mls ifjfLFkfr dk nks"k ekudj dqN fnuksa ds fy, {kek dj nsaA

ge tkurs gSa fd ,sls o`Ÿkkar dk lkoZtfud mi;ksx cgqr cM+k gS ( ijarq dsoy o`Ÿkkar ls vf/kd ,slh nq?kZV ifjfLFkfr esa mfnr fopkjksa]

fodkjksa rFkk Hkkoukvksa dk bfrgkl fo’ks"k euksjatd gksus ds lkFk&lkFk cks/kizn Hkh gksus ds dkj.k ge bu laLej.kksa esa mls vf/kd egŸo

nsus okys gSa( ijarq pwafd ;s laLej.k =qfVr gSa vkSj Hkkoukvksa dk og bfrgkl vLi"V] lwpd rFkk gyds&gyds :i esa gh crkuk csgrj

gksxkA vr% tc rd laiw.kZ rFkk lqlaxr dFku izfl} ugha gksrk] ikBd gekjs vaneku fLFkr thou ds ckjs esa dqN Hkh lk/kkj.k /kkj.kk u

cuk,aA ;|kfi bu laLej.kksa es a lkjh ckrsa dguk laHko ugha gS] fQj Hkh tks dqN crk;k tk,xk mls v{kj’k% rFkk HkkokFkZ’k% ;FkkRkF;

crkus dk ;Ru vo’; fd;k tk,xkA bl xzaFk esa fopkjksa] Hkkoukvksa rFkk ?kVukvksa dk tks o.kZu vk,xk] og lc ml le; mn~Hkwr

fopkj&Hkkoukvksa dk fun’kZd gksxk vkSj vkt mls ek= ,sfrgkfld :i esa gh i<+k tk,] ,slh ys[kd dh bPNk gSA

& fonk- lkojdj

17

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


esjk vkthou dkjkokl


iwokZ/kZ

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k &1

cacbZ fLFkr Mksaxjh dk dkjkx`g

Þvki ij ipkl o"kZ ds naM dkys ikuh dk naM ykxw gks x;k gS gsx¹12

ds varjkZ"Vªh; U;k;y; us dgk gS fd *vaxsztksa dks vkidks Ýkal ds

gkFkksa lkSaiuk gh pkfg, FkkA* ,slk dBksj fu.kZ; ugha fn;k tk ldrk gSA** eq>s a a a a a a aus dgkA

**Bhd gS] eSa dHkh gsx ds Hkjksls jgk gh ugha FkkA ijarq D;k eq>s gsx dk fu.kZ; ns[kus dks feysxk\**

**;g esjs o’k esa ugha gSA vkids fy, tks laHko gS] og eSa d:axkA fQj Hkh ge vtufc;ksa dks Hkh foày djusokyk lekpkj vkius ftl

/khjt ls lquk] og esjh lgk;rk ij fuHkZj jgsxk] ,slk ugha yxrkA** os lTtu NviVkrs gq, cksysA ** ,slk FkksM+s gh gS fd ;g bl rjg

ds lekpkj eq>s Hk;adj ugha yxrs] ijarq igys ls gh le>&cq>dj bl ladV dk lkeuk djus ds ladYi ls Hkjs gksus ds dkj.k gekjk

eu dBksj gks x;k gSA ;fn vki Hkh esjh fLFkfr esa gksrs rks blh foosd ds cy ij ,slk gh /khjt j[k ikrsA vkidh lgk;rk ds izfr eS a

vkHkkjh gwaA**

brus esa gh fdlh ds vkus dh vkgV gqbZA og lTtu >V ls esjh dksBjh ds vkxs ls fudy nwljh fn’kk dh vksj vius dke ls pyrs

cusA eSa viuh dksBjh esa ihNs ljddj [kM+k jgkA eu esa ‘’kCn xwat jgs Fks&*ipkl o"kZ*A

rHkh os yksx vk x,] ftuds vkus dh vkokt vkbZ FkhA vf/kdkjh us }kj [kksydj eq>s Hkkstu ijkslok;kA gsx dk fu.kZ; vkus rd eq>s

cafn;ksa dk Hkkstu ;k os’k ugha fn;k x;k Fkk( D;ksafd dnkfpr~ rc rd ljdkjh vkns’k ugha vk;k gksxkA

Hkkstu djrs le; eSaus gsrqiwoZd gh vPNs inkFkZ ugha [kk, rks vkf/kdkjh us iwNk] **D;ksa] jko lkgc] vkt [kkrs D;ksa ugha\**

**[kk rks jgk gwa] ijarq ogh O;atu [kk jgk gwa tks lHkh cafn;ksa dks feyrs gSaA

¹;g fu.kZ; 24 Qjojh ds fnu ?kksf”kr fd;k x;kA

21

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dkSu tkus] dy mUgha cafn;ksa ds lkFk eq>s Hkh dke djus tkuk iM+s] dgk ugha tk ldrkA lnUu dHkh feysxk] dHkh ughaA gka ijarq dnUu

rks lnSo lkFk gksxkA mlls fe=rk fpjdky rd mi;ksxh gksxhA** eSaus galrs gq, dgkA

vf/kdkjh us mrkoysiu ls dgk] **ugha&ugha] ,slk ugha gksxkA vki Ýkal ykSV tk,axs] ,slk vkns’k Hkh vk pqdk gS] ,slk eSaus lquk gSA vki

cafn;ksa esa dke djsaxs\ jko lkgc] bZ’oj ,slk dHkh ugha djsxkA**

brus esa ,d flikgh Hkkxrk gqqvk vk;k vkSj cksyk]**goynkjth] lkgc vkrk gSA** /kM+ke ls njoktk can gks x;kA Hkkstu ijkslrs gq, os

yksx vkxs fudy x,A lqifjVsaMsV vk;k vkSj fu;ekuqlkj ijarq lgkuqHkwfr ’kCnksa esa eq>ls cksyk]**vkxs ls vkidks canh ds diM+s rFkk vUu

feysxkA vkidk ipkl o"kZ dk naM vkt ls ykxw gks x;k gSA**

eSa mBk] vius ?kjsyw diM+s mrkj fn,] canh ds diM+s ys fy;s vkSj iguus yxkA eu dkai x;kA ;s oL=&canh ds oL=] tks vkt ‘’kjhj

ij p<+ jgs gSa& vc fQj dHkh mrjusokys ugha gSA bUgha diM+ksa esa esjh vjFkh fudysxhA /kqa/kys ls fopkj a a a a a fdarw eu mnkl lk gks

x;kA lqifjVasMasV ;wa gh dqN b/kj m/kj dh ckr dj jgk FkkA mlds laokn esa eu dks cykr~ my>k;kA

brus esa flikgh us ,d yksgs dk fcYyk ykdj gkFk esa fn;kA ;gh og *Øekad* gS tks izR;sd canh dh Nkrh ij >qyrk gSA ml fcYys ij

canh dh eqfDr dk fnukad vafdr gksrk gSA esjk eqfDr fnukad! eq>s eqfDr Hkh gS D;k\ e`R;q gh esjh eqfDr dk fnukad gSA dqN ftKklk]

dqN fujk’kk] dqN fouksnfefJr Hkko ls eSaus ml fcYys dh vksj ns[kkA eqfDr dk o"kZ Fkk&lu~ 1960! Iy Hkj ds fy, mldk dqN Hkh vFkZ

mtkxj ugha gqvkA iy&nks iy esa gh mlesa fufgr Hk;adj vFkZ mtkxj gks x;kA naM lu~ 1910 esa vkSj lu~ 1960 esa!

a a a a a us fueZe O;aX; ls dgk] **dksbZ fpark ughaA n;kyw ljdkj vkidks lu~ 1960 esa vo’; eqDr dj nsxhA**

eSaus migkl esa dgk] **ijarq e`R;q vf/kd n;kyw gSA mlus eq>s blds iwoZ gh eqDr dj fn;k gks\** nksuksa gh galsA og lgt galk vkSj eSa

iz;RuiwoZd galkA lqifjVsaMsaV dqN vkSj ppkZ ds ckn pyk x;kA lc yksx pys x,A eSa uhps cSBk ’ks"k jgs ge nksuksa&eSa vkSj esjk naMA

vdsys ml mnkl dksBjh esa ,d&nwljs dk lkeuk djrs gq,] ,d&nwljs dk eqag ns[krs gq,A

blds vkxs ml fnu dh dgkuh rFkk àn; esa eph [kycpyh geus *lIrf"kZ¹ 3

¹ ds ;g 514 eafDr;ksa dh dofr ^lkojdj lexz lkfgR;* esa lkrosa [kaM esa izdkf’kr dh xbZ gSA

22

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dfork ds iwokZ/kZ esa mlh iqLrd esa izdkf’kr dh gSA

nwljk fnu

** ikS QV xbZ gSA** teknj us vkdj dgk]** ;|fi vkidh ltk izkjaHk gks xbZ gS rFkkfi vkidks iwoZ dh Hkkafr gh izkr% O;k;ke ds fy,

lSj djus uhps yk;k tk,] lkgc us dgk gSA**

eSa O;k;ke ds fy, uhps mrjk rks b/kj esjh dksBjh dh [kkst&[kkstdj ryk’kh yh xbZA esjh iqLrdsa rFkk esjk lEeku uhps ys tk;k x;kA

flikfg;ksa ds igjs esa Mksaxjh tsy ds e/; pkSd esa eSa /khjs /khjs Vgy jgk FkkA vc esjs cSfjLVjh oL=ksa ds Lfkku ij os [kqjnjs eksVs oL= Fks

tks lk/kkj.k canh ds ’kjhj ij gksrs gSaA bu oL=ksa esa cSfjLVj dSls yxrs gSa&bl dkSrwgy ls cgqrsjs vkSj okLrfod laosnuk ls FkksM+s vusd

yksx :X.kky; ls] jkLrs ls] f[kM+fd;ksa ls] fdlh&u&fdlh dke ds cgkus ogka vkrs tkrs eq>s ns[k jgs FksA Mksaxjh dk dkjkx`g e/; cLrh

esa gS& ,slk yxrk gS] D;kasfd vkl&ikl FkksM+h nwj ij Åaph Åaph bekjrsa rfkk ?kj fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA m/kj O;k;ke djrs le; mu bekjrksa

vkSj f[kM+fd;ksa ds ikl L=h&iq:"kksa dh HkhM+ yx tkrh vkSj os rc rd vkil esa [kqlj&iqlj djrs jgrs tc rd eSa viuk O;k;ke

lekIr dj ogka ls pyk ugha tkrkA iqfyl dk vka[k cpkdj eSa Hkh dHkh dHkh muds iz.kke Lohdkj dj izfr&iz.kke djrkA eu esa

mudk og iwT;Hkko ns[kdj dHkh vPNk yxrk] ij dHkh a a a a ,sls fopkj vkrsA ,d fnu eq>s lkeus ds ?kj ds ,d fuoklh dks iqfyl

}kjk /kedkus dk lekpkj feykA

esjs dkj.k nwljksa dks d"V u gks] blfy, rc eSa ;FkklaHko vka[ks uhph djds Vgyrk FkkA bl O;k;ke ds le; eqag ls ;ksxlw= dk ikB

djrk vkSj blds i’pkr~ mlds ,d&,d lw= ij fopkj djrs gq, mldh Nkuchu djrkA vkt Hkh fuR; Øekuqlkj blh rjg ds fopkjksa

esa my>k gqvk eSa O;k;ke dj jgk FkkA brus esa ,d goynkj us&ftls esjs fy, gh fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk&crk;k] **le; iwjk gks x;k gS]

pfy,A** eSa lhf<+;ka p<+rk Åij viuh dksBjh esa vk x;kA ijarq tks fopkj dj jgk Fkk mlh esa my>kk gksus ls oSls gh cSBk jgkA ml

fueXurk esa dkQh le; O;rhr gqvk fd iqu% njoktk [kM+dk vkSj goynkj us Hkhrj izos’k fd;kA mlds lkFk ,d canh Fkk] ftlds flj

ij ,d xBjh FkhA lksprs&lksprs esjk fpŸk ‘’kkar gks x;k vkSj eSa iy Hkj ds fy, mlh rjg vka[ksa [kksys fuf’pr cSBk jgkA bls ns[k

goynkj us dgk]

4

4 ;g canhxzg cacbZ esa gh Mksaxjh mej[kkM+h bykds esa FkkA vc bl dkjkx`g esa nks ls lksyg o”kZ ds vijk/kh cPpksa dks lq/kkj ds fy, j[kk

tkrk gSA

23

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


**jko lkgc] fpark er djksA bZ’oj vkids ;s fnu Hkh ikj djsxkA vki ij iM+s ladV dk Hkxoku~ lk{kh gSA esjs ifjokj ds yksxksa dh Hkh

vk[ksa Hkj vkbZA ijarq eSaus xoZ ls lHkh dks vk’oLr fd;k fd bl ladV esa Hkh os ugha Mxexk,axsA fQj ;g D;kA vki fpark er

dhft,A**

mlds bl ln~HkkoukiwoZd le>kus dk ifj.kke ,dne foijhr gqvkA fpark djus yk;d dqN ?kfVr gqvk gS] bldk eq>s Li"V Lej.k gks

x;kA eu esa ,d pqHku lh gqbZA eSaus iwNk] **;g cks>k fdlfy,\** goynkj us galus dh ps"Vk djrs gq, dgk]** dqN ugha] cl ;wa ghA

dkuwuh rkSj ij dqN&u&dqN dke rks nsuk gh gSA vkils ftruk cus dhft,]mldh dksbZ fpark ugha gSA**

mlus ml cks>s dks uhps mrkjkA mls [kksyk vkSj mlds VqdM+s VqdM+s fd,A fQj eq>s fn[kk;k fd fdl fdl rjg mls Bksd&/kqudj

mldh jLlh cukbZ tkrh gSA Rkks fQj ;g gS&lJe dkjkoklA

txr~ dk fi"Vis"k.k

gwa&pyks] djks bldk lkeukA cl] ukfj;y dh tVk,a gh rks dwVuh gSa u! gka js] ikxy euqvk! Hkyk blesa vksNkiu dSlk\ blls D;k

thou O;FkZ tkrk gS\ HkbZ] thou Lo;a gh d fi"Vis"k.k gSA iapegkHkrksa dks fupksM+] cVdj thou dh ;g jLlh cVuh gS] ckj&ckj rarqvksa

dks yack djrs jguk vkSj var esa e`R;q ds eksxjs ls dwVdj iqu% tVk,a cukdj iapegkHkwrksa ds <sj esa mUgsa feyk nsukA

izkr% ds i’pkr~ la/;k] la/;k ds i’pkr~ iqUk% losjk&lHkh fi"Vis"k.k A ouLifr [kk&[kkdj thuk] thrs thrs ej tkuk] ejrs gh ml

vfLFk&ekal dks ouLifr [kk tk,&lHkh fi"Vis"k.kA rstkes/kk dh lw;Zekyk] lw;Zekyk dh i`Foh] bl /kjk ds fdlh iqPNy rkjs ls Vdjkus

Hkj dh nsjh gS fd iqUk% rstkses/k&lHkh fujFkZd! Mlh izdkj mlh dk vkSj mlh ds ,d vko’;d ,oa vifjgk;Z vVy fgLls ds :i esa

cuh&cukbZ ca/kh gqbZ jLlh [kksydj mls dwVuk&;g gS gekjk fi"Vis"k.kA ;fn og egku fi"Vis"k.k egŸoiw.kZ gks] dqN vlgefr j[krk gk s]

;fn mlesa thou fujFkZd u gks] rks ;g Hkh ,d NksVk lk fi"Vis"k.k drZO; gh gS] D;ksafd ml egku~ fi"Vis"k.k dk ;g Hkh ,d vifjgk;Z

vax gSA dkj.k og ?kV jg gSA

eSa tVkvksa dks dwVus yxkA goynkj vkSj og canh ;g ns[kus ogha [kM+s jgs fd eSa ;g dke dj ldrk gwa ;k ugha] vkSj esjk eu cgykus

ds fy, os b/kj m/kj dh xIisa gkadus yxs&

24

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


^^egkjkt] vkidks ;g Kkr ugha gksxk] tc fryd¹5 vkSj vkxjdj dks naM gqvk Fkk tc mUgsa blh dksBjh esa j[kk x;k FkkA os tc

vkil esa cgl djrs rc tksj tksj ls cksyus yxrsA rc dHkh dHkh mUgsa psrkouh nsuh iM+rh fd /khjs cksyksA**

**ij os vkidh ckr lqurs Fks ;k myVs vki ij gh rfud >qa>ykrs] ij fQj /kheh vkokt esa cfr;kus yxrs vFkok pqi gks tkrsA vkSj os

okbZ ds i=dkj&gka&gka] ogh tks vki dg jgs gSa& o`} ysys& tks dqcM+s Fks] os Hkh ;gha ij lk/kkj.k canh FksA mudh cqf} cM+h dYiuk’khy

FkhA b/kj [kVeyksa dh Hkjekj gks xbZ FkhA ysys cgqr >qa>ykrsA oL= feyrs] mUgksaus muesa ls ,d eghu ijarq l?ku pknj fudkyh vkSj os

mldh] tSls rfd;s dh cukrs gSa] vkPNknu dh [kksy lhus yxsA geus ;wa gh iwNk]*”’kkL=hth] ;g D;k flykbZ dj jgs gSa\ lkgc fcxM+sxkA*

mUgksaus dgk]*Bgjks tjk vkSj ns[krs tkvks eSaus bu [kVeyksa ds fy, ,d jkeck.k vkS"kf/k <wa< fudkyh gSA vkidks Hkh nsrk gwaA** pan ?kaVksa

esa [kksy rS;kj gks xbZ vkSj ns[krs ns[krs og ckeu mlesa ?kql x;k] tSls rkudj lks, rks rc mBs tc geus gh losjs njoktk

[kV[kV[kk;kA rc ls etky gS fd ,d [kVey us dHkh mUgsa lrk;k gksA fnu esa ml FkSyh dks myVh djds os mls /kwi esa j[krs vkSj jkr

esa mlesa ?kqldj [kjkZVs HkjrsA**

**fryd] vkxjdj ds lkFk os ;gka Fks] mlds ckn Hkh dHkh b/kj jgs D;k\** dksBjh esa FksA ,d fnu [kVeyksa us mudk ygw pwl pwldj

jkr Hkj mudh uhan gjke dj nhA eSaus losjs }kj [kksyk] ns[kk rks fryd [kVeyksa dk f’kdkj djus esa O;Lr gSaA eSaus iwNk] *D;ksa egkjkt]

Bhd rks gSa u vki! *os ‘’kkafr ds lkFk eqLdqjkrs gq, cksys] *Bhd rks gwa teknkj] dsoy dy jkr Hkj vka[k ugha yxhA rfud Hkhrj rks

vkb,] nsf[k, vkids ;s ikyrw dhM+sA* eSaus ns[kk] rks [kVeyksa dh iafDr;ka Hkhr ij tk jgh FkhA *ijaRkq rkR;k lkgc] ;g tks jktuhfrd

dk;Z vkius gkFk esa fy;k gS] og lQy gksxk D;k\**

goynkj vkkfn yksx pys x,A iqUk% eSa vkSj esjk naM nksuksa vkeus lkeus ,d nwljs ls ifjfpr gksus ds fy, [kM+s jgsA

;g ifjp; iwjk gksrk x;kA vc dksbZ lansg ’ks"k ugha jgkA vk’kk ugha Fkh]

5 bl dksBjh esa vc yksdekU; fryd dk fp= j[kdj ogka mudk Lekjd cuk;k x;k gSA

25

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


rFkkfi ;g laHkkouk Fkh & dnkfpr~ gsx ds fu.kZ; ls eqfDr laHko gks& ij vc og lekIr gks xbZA vc ;g fuf’pr gS fd laiw.kZ thou

blh rjg dh fdlh dksBjh esa lM+rk jgsxkA rks fQj\ bldk Hkh lkeuk djuk gksxk] vkSj D;k\

ogh gksxk tks izfrdwy gS

esjs bl d"Ve; gsrqiwoZd Lo;a ij fxjk, x, ladV :ih ioZr ds uhps filrs thou esa ;fn dksbZ ,d fu;e vfr’k; dVq ijarq

fgrlk/kd fl} gqvk gS] rks og ;g fd lnSo ogh gksxk tks izfrdwy gksA mldk MVdj lkeuk djus ds fy, ekufld rS;kjh djukA

ftu ftu O;fDr;ksa dk tUe vR;ar foijhr ns’k] dky vkSj ifjfLFkfr esa gqvk gks] fQj Hkh tks mlls Hka;dj la?k"kZ dj] mls ijkftr

dj] mldh Nkrh ij [kM+s gksdj fdlh uo;qx dk] fdlh egku~ /;s; dk lqizHkkr ns[kuk pkgrs gksa] mUgsa *izfrdwy gh cgq/kk ?kfVr gksxk*]

;g x`ghr dj mldk lkeuk djuk pkfg,A mUgsa fu;e ls gykgy ihuk gh pkfg,A ,slk n`<+ fu’p; djds fd izfrdwy gh gksxk vkSj eSa

vius izk.kksa dh ckth yxkdj mldk lkeuk d:axkA ;fn dnkfpr~ vuqdwy ckr gqbZ rks mlesa bruh Hkh gkfu ugha gksxh] izR;qr vuqdwyrk

dk og vkuan f}xqf.kr gksrk gSA gka] ;fn eu esa ;gh vkl] ;gh ykylk jgh fd tks vuqdwy gS ogh gksuk pkfg, vkSj dqN izfrdwy gks

tk,] bl vlgk; ih<+h esa tUe ysusokyksa ds thou esa ;gh vf/kd laHko gS] rks fQj vpkud VwVs fujk’kvksa ds bl igkM+ ds uhps gekjk

ftl ih<+h dks iz;klksa ds e`r ljksoj ds fo"kkDr izns’k ls ekxZ dk vfrØe.k djuk gks] mls izfrdwyrk :ih yksgs ds pus pckdj mUgsa

gte djus dk vH;kl djuk gh gksxkA

nk:.k vk?kkr

ijarq tks izfrdwy gS ogh ?kfVr gksxk] ;g ekudj pyus dh FkksM+h vknr vkSj ‘’kfDrokys esjs eu ij ,dk,d bruk Hk;adj vk?kkr gqqvk

fd ewPNkZ vk tk,A eSa tc yanu esa idM+k x;k Fkk1 rHkh eSaus le> fy;k Fkk fd vaneku esa iPphl lky xqtkjus iMs+xsA eklsZfyll es a

eSa fQj ls rc idM+k x;k2 tc lkjk f’kf{kr txr~ dg jgk Fkk

6

6 15 ekpZ] 1910 2- 8 tqykbZ] 1910

26

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fd eq>s Ýkal dks ykSVk fn;k tk,xk& ,slk os fuf’prrk ls dg jgs Fks&fQj Hkh eSaus eku fy;k Fkk fd vf/kdrj Qkalh p<+uk gksxkA ijarq

var esa nksuksa gh fujk’kvksa dks >qBykdj ,d rhljh fujk’kk vpkud vk /kedh] tks ,d izdkj ls bu nksuksa ls Hkh egkHk;adj Fkh& ipkl

o"kZ dk naM1A bl rjg dh mnkl ,dkar dksBjh esa vdsys thou xqtkjuk&vdsys ,d&,d ?kaVk fxurs gq, thou fcrkuk! Bhd gS&;gh

gksxkA

*gsx* dk fu.kZ; gksus ls igys gh iPphl o"kZ dSls fudkywaxk] bldk ,d eukse; fp= cuk;k FkkA mle s a tks eki fuf’Pkr fd;k Fkk vc

ogh nqxquk djuk gSA bu iPphl o"kksZ esa bl vlgk;] fu%lk/ku rFkk fu:Rlkgh fotu canhokl esa Hkyk ,slk dkSu lk deZ fd;k tk

ldrk gS] ftlds viZ.k }kjk ekr`Hkwfe dk _.k vYi] LoYi ek=k esa gh D;ksa u gks] gydk gks vkSj ekuotkfr dh d qN fo’ks"k

lsok gks ldsA jkys ls ysdj dks] ftlus *fiyfxzEl izksxzsl* fy[kk&ys[ku&lkexzh feyrh FkhA e>s isafly dk vk/kk bap VqdM+k ikl j[kuk

Hkh euk FkkA fQj LVsM ljh[ks canh dh rjg mu fo"k;ksa ij ys[k fy[kus dk uke gh ugha ysuk pkfg,] ftUgsa v[kckjksa esa fu:inzoh

le>k tkrk FkkA ml dksBjh esa] ftlesa eq>s j[kk x;k Fkk] iaNh rd ij ugha ekj ldrk Fkk] fQj izpkj dh ckr gh D;k djuk~ ! dkxt

dk VqdM+k j[kuk Hkh tgka vijk/k le>k tkrk gks] ogka ys[ku! Dye f?kluk loZFkk vlaHko gh Fkk] Lo;a gh iBu }kjk Kku&izkfIr

vk Sj Hkwyh&fcljh ,dk/k iqLrd dHkh&dHkkj gkFk yx tk, rks ek= i<+dj lafpr fd;k gqvk Kku ml Qyghu o`{k vFkok tyk’k; esa

tylaxzg dh rjg gh O;FkZ gksxk] ftlds ty ls gtkjksa rks D;k] ,dk/k I;kls dh r`".kk dk Hkh ‘’keu ugha gksrk] vFkok u gh

vUuksRiknu ls {kq/kk dk ‘’keu gksrk gSA ftUgksaus egku~ rFkk mi;qDr dk;Z fd;s gSa] esjs leku dkjkokl rks muesa ls fdlh ,d dks Hkh

ugha Hkqxruk iM+kA ,sls bl dBksj lk/kughu canhokl esa Hkyk eSa dkSu lk dk;Z dj ldrk gwa& ;g fodV leL;k FkhA

egkdkO;

/kqj cpiu ls gh ,d bPNk Fkh fd ejkBh esa ,d egkdkO;2 fy[kk tk,A D;k] fdl rjg] bruk gh ugha vfirqq eq>s bl ckr dk Hkh

fuf’Pkr Kku ugha Fkk fd

7

7 1- igys iPphl o”kksZa dk naM 14 fnlacj] 1910 ds fnu vkSj nwljk iPphl o”kksZa dk naM 30 tuojh] 1911 ds fnu fn;k x;kA

2- lkojdj jfpr dfork nl lgá iafDr;ksa ls vf/kd dh gSA lkojdj lexz lkfgR; ds lkrosa [kaM esa ;g dfork fo|eku gSA

27

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


egkdkO; gksrk D;k gS\ ij fy[kwaxk] ;g fuf’p; FkkA ml NqViu ls vkt rd ;g bPNk lkyrh jgh FkhA deZ{ks= ds ?keklku esa ;|fi

;g euh"kk eu ls vks>y gks pqdh Fkh rFkkfi dkjkx`g dh ,dkar dksBjh dh bl ‘’kkar /kwfy ij ysVrs gh ;g bPNk iqu% n`f"Vxkspj gksus

yxhA bl dksBjh esa dBksj ifjJe djrs gq, Hkh de ls de jkf= esa vdsys iM+s jgus ij cŸkh u nh ;k dkxt&isafly dk VqdM+k ikl u

j[kus fn;k] rks Hkh ,dk/k dkO; dh jpuk laHko gSA eu&gh&eu dfork jp] daBLFk dj vius Le`fr&i= ij gh mls fy[krk x;k rks bl

ij rks dksbZ izfrca/k ugha yxk ldrkA orZeku dh bl vR;ar funZ; lk/kughurk esa Hkh ;g dk;Z djuk rks laHko gS ghA vkSj;fn bl

rjg eSa ,dk/k dkO; jp ldk rks bl canhokl ls dHkh eqDr gksus ij] vkSj ;fn eqfDr ugha Hkh feyh rks Hkh viuh ekr`Hkwfe ds pj.kksa esa

;g ,d uoksigkj viZ.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA bruk dk;Z Hkh de ugha gSA

fQj rc rd ;g ,d dk;Z rks dk;kZfUor d:a tc rd mlls egRoiw.kZ dksbZ vU; dk;Z laHkouh;rk dh d{kk esa ugha vk jgkA cl] r;

gks x;k iPphl o"kksZa esa ,d egkdkO; dh jpuk djukA ;g ns[kdj fd ;fn gsx dk fu.kZ; foijhr gks x;k rks canh’kkyk esa gkFkksa ls

dBksj ifjJe djrs&djrs gh ¼,slk izrhr gks x;k fd½ vU; fdlh Hkh lk/ku ds vHkko esa ;g ,d dk;Z rks laHko gSA ;g ns[kdj eu

dh dk;Zfiiklk ‘’kkar gks xbZ lh yxhA NviVkgV Fke xbZA gsx dk fu.kZ; foijhr fl} gks x;kA iPphl o"kksZa ds ctk; vdfYir Hk;adj

naM gqvk_ ipkl o"kZ] rFkkfi ogh dk;Zøe fuf’pr fd;kA bruk gh ugha] ;g ns[kdj fd vaxhd`r egku~ /;s; dh flf} ds fy, ,slh

fuLlgk; ,oa fujk’k voLFkk esa Hkh bruk dqN rks fd;k gh tk ldrk gS vkSj vHkh rks dqN ,slk djuk laHko gS] ftlls ;g thou

d`rkFkZ gks ldrk gS] eu dh mnklh dqN de gks xbZA ,slk izrhr gqvk fd fuf"Ø; foQyrk ds Hk; dk cks> gydk gks x;kA vkrqj eu

us ;g x.kuk Hkh dj yh fd izfrfnu de&ls&de nl ls chl dforkvksa dh jpuk vkSj iqjkus gj laLdj.k ds lkFk daBLFk djus dk Øe

j[kk tk,] rks ,d ;k vk/kk yk[k egkdkO; dh jpuk djuk laHko gSA rks fQj ’kqHkL; ‘’kh?kze~& vkt gh gk s tk, Jhx.ks’kA izFke Jh

xq:xksfoUnflag dk pfj= xkuA

Jh xksfoUnflag dk pfj=

D;ksafd xksfoanflag gqrkRekvksa ds eqdqV ef.k FksA egku~ ;’k ls eafMr egkiq:"k jktizklknksa ds lqo.kZ dy’kksa tSls rstLoh fn[krs gh gSaA ijarq

vkt mudk pfj=

8

8 fl[kksa ds nlosa /keZxq:] var 7 vDVqcj] 1808] ^ewfrZ nqth rh* bl dfork dk uke gS] blesa xq: xksfoanflag ds f’k”; ohjcank dk o.kZu

fd;k gSA

28

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


c[kkuus esa] muds ;’kksxku djus ls eq>s mruh ‘’kkafr ugha fey ldrh] myVs esjs flj iM+h vlQyrk dh rhozrk vf/kd d"Vizn gks

ldrh gSA vkt esjk /;s; ;’kkse;h jktizklkn ds iSjksa rys xgjkbZ esa nch vi;’k dh ml uhao dk fparu djuk gSA blhfy, vkt eq>s

xq: xkfoanflagth dh vlQyrk dh xkFkk xkuh gS] *pedkSj* nqxZ ls iyk;u djrs le; ftudk laiw.kZ ijkHko gks x;k gS] ftuds

ekrk&firk] iRuh&iq=, iwjs ifjokj dk loZuk’k gks x;k gS] ftuds f’k";ksa us muds izfr ‘’kiFkiwoZd mBkbZ fu"Bk mUgha ds flj QksM+k] fQj

Hkh bl ujdsljh us nq%[k dk gykgy fdlh vi;’k dk :nz ljh[kk vorkj /kkj.k dj ipk fy;kA xksfoanflaagth dk ;gh vi;’k vkt

esjs Hk;adj nq%[k rFkk ijkt; dk es:naMor~ vk/kkj cusxkA ;gh esjh ih<+h ds vi;’k] nq%[k vkSj ijkt; dh xgjh uhao ij Hkkoh ihf<+;ksa

ds ;’kizklkn [kM+s djsxkA

Hkkoukvksa ds ehukj ij vk:<+ gksdj esjk eu lqnwj n`’; ns[kus esa rYyhu gks jgk Fkk&vkSj esjs gkFk ukfj;y dh eksVh&eksVh tVk,a

rksM+us] dwVus esa] mUgsa lqy>kus esa O;Lr FksA izfrfnu ds fy, fuf’pr nl&ianzg vk;kZ ¼ejkBh Nan½ cu pqdh Fkkh&tVk,a lqy>kuk Hkh

lekIr gks pqdkA gkFk fNy x, Fks] Nkys iM+ x, Fks] ftuls ygw fjlus yxk FkkA blckr dk eq>s Lej.k ugha fd gsx ds fu.kZ; ds i’pkr ~

Mksaxjh ds canhx`g esa eSa fdrus fnu iM+k jgkA izkr%dky mBuk] O;k;ke ds fy, Vgyrs gq, eq[kksn~xr ;ksxlw=ksa dk ikB djuk] muesa ls

vuqØe ls izR;sd ij fopkj djuk] fQj dBksj ifjJe ds rkSj ij tks dBksj dke feys og djuk] mls djrs djrs gh eu esa nl&ckjg

ubZ dforkvksa dh jpuk vkSj iqjkuh daBLFk dforkvksa dh vko`fŸk ds i’pkr~ Hkkstu djukA Hkkstu ls fuiVdj tsy can gksus ds ckn

loZ= ‘’kkafr Nk tkus ij /;ku /kkj.kk dk vH;kl djuk] mlds i’pkr~ jkr ukS cts rd lks tkukA uhan cgqr xk<+h tk tkrhA ,dkar

dksBjh esa bl rjg dk dk;Zøe pyrkA dHkh dHkh *izo`fŸkfp;s jktfcanhaA iq<ka cks/kfp;s izfrinhaA foosd n`’;kaph ekanh lkjhr*¹9 & bl

izdkj foosd n`’;ksa ds >qaM nwj djus dk iz;kl djrs gq, Hkh fpark rFkk m}sx vpkud /kj ncksprs] ftlls ne ?kqVus yxrkA ,slk yxrk]

vius ihNs vius dk;Z dk D;k gksxk a a a a;fn a a a fQj ;s d"V Hkh a a a aijarq eu dk larqyu fQj ls laHkkyukA

lj gsujh dkWVu

,d fnu tsy esa ;g gYyk gqvk fd esjs dkj.k fdlh cM+s lkgc dh ias’ku can dh xbZ gSA ;g D;k izdj.k gS\ dqN fnu i’pkr~ *dsljh*

dk ,d VqdM+k vpkud

9 Kkus’ojh v/;k; 18] vksoh 1069&70A

29

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dky dksBjh esa esjs gkFk yx x;kA mlds }kjk bl okŸkkZ dk rF; FkksM+k le> esa vk;kA yanu esa uwru o"kZ ds miy{; esa ogka ds

Hkkjrh; yksxksa }kjk ,d xks"Bh vk;ksftr dh xbZ FkhA ml le; lHkk dh fHkfŸk ij esjh ,d cM+h lh rLohj yxkbZ xbZ FkhA xks"Bh ds

iz/kku vfrfFk lj gsujh dkWVu tSls tkus ekus lTtu us esjh rLohj dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, lkgl] ns’kHkfDr dh vR;qRdVrk vkkfn dqN

x.kksa dh iz’kalk dh Fkh vkSj blds fy, [ksn Hkh O;Dr fd;k Fkk fd ,sls xq.klaiUu uo;qod dk thou ek= iPphl o"kZ dh vk;q esa gh

bl izdkj u"V gks jgk gSA mUgksaus ;g vk’kk Hkh O;Dr dh Fkh fd de&ls&de gsx dk mPpre U;k;y; er&Lora=rk ds vf/kdkjksa dks u

dqpydj eq>s Ýkal okil Hkstus dk fu.kZ; djsxkA lj gsujh lkgc ds bl Hkk"k.k ls gh laiw.kZ vaxszth lekt ckS[kyk x;kA lkojdj ds

fy, lgkuqHkwfr dk izn’kZu! Hkys gh og fuankxfHkZr D;ksa u gks] ysfdu Fkh rks lgkuqHkwfr ghA fdlh us dgk] bl gsujh dkWVu dh *lj* ds

dkWVu ‘’kCn ds vk/kkj ij lkojdj us ;g mRd`"V O;aX; jpuk dh gS& dkWVu ekus dikl] ljdh ekus fcukSyk& vFkkZr~ dkWVu dk

fcUkkSyk fudky MkyksA fdlh us dgk] mldh ias’ku can djksA vkf[kj pk; dh I;kyh ds bl rwQku ds >ksads ds lkFk gh jk"Vªh; lHkk dk

lkojdj rFkk muds vuxkfe;ksa ds iFk ls fdlh izdkj dk laca/k rks nwj] jŸkh Hkj lgkuqHkwfr Hkh ugha gSA *dsljh* ds ftl VqdM+s es a eSaus

;g o`Ÿkkar i<+k Fkk] mlh esa dsljhokyksa us ,d&nks fVIi.kha fy[kdj lj gsujh lkgc dk cpko djus dk iz;kl fd;k FkkA *dsljh* ds ys[k

esa esjk ukefunsZ’k ,dopuh lacks/ku ls fd;k gqvk ns[kdj eq>s eu&gh&eu vk’p;Z gqvkA *lj lkgc] ;g lkojdj dkSu\ dkyk ;k

xksjk] ;g Hkh ugha tkursA* ,slk okD; lj gsujh dkWVu ds leFkZu esa fy[kk FkkA *dsljh* ljh[ks i= dks Hkh ml ifjfLFkfr esa ;g fy[kuk

iM+kA ijaRkq ml le; viuk fujijk/kRo rFkk f’k"Vro izLFkkfir djus ds fy, fdlh Hkh jktuhfrd laLFkk vFkok O;fDr ds fy, lkojdj

dks ?kksj vijk/kh dguk vkSj ml uke dk vf’k"Vrk ls ,dopuh ¼rw&rM+kd½ miinksa ls mYys[k djuk ,d veks?k lk/ku cu x;k FkkA

baXySaM esa ,d vaxzst vf/kdkjh gekjk xkSjoiwoZd mYys[k djs vkSj b/kj fganqLFkku esa gesa *rw&rM+kd* ds fcuk cMs+ lkglh lekpkj&i= Hkh

lacks/ku u djsa& blesa ml lekpkj&i= vFkok O;fDr fo’ks"k dk nks"k ugha gS& esjs fopkj ls blls blh dk fun’kZu gksrk gS fd ijra=

jk"Vªksa dh dSlh nqxfrZ cuh gS] ogka ekuork Hkh fdruh egaxh gS!

30

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Ckfynkuh ohj ;k v/ke

dksBkjh ds }kj dh lyk[kksa ls dksbZ >kad jgk Fkk] **D;ksa] dSls gks cSfjLVj] Bhd gks u!**

**gka] vkids vk’khZokn ls Bhd gwaA** eSaus dgkA

**uk&uk] egkjkt] dgka vki] dgka ge! Dy gh ;wjksi ls vk, vius ,d fe= ls esjk laHkk"k.k gqvkA mlus crk;k]*lkjs ;wjksi esa

lkojdj dks ,d gqrkRek tSlk lEeku fey jgk gSA Ýkal] teZuh vkfn ns’kksa ds lekpkj&i= vkidh rqyuk cqYQVksu&,esV&eSftuh ds

lkFk dj jgs gSa a a a A os lTtu vkils feyuk pkgrs Fks ijarq eSaus mUgsa crk;k fd ;g vlaHko gSA ijarq de&ls&de vkids n’kZu dk rks

ykHk gks& bl rhozrj bPNk ls os vkids Vgyus ds le; lkeusokyh pky esa [kMs+ jgsaxs] rfud vki m/kj utj MkysaA ijarq dy cacbZ ds

,d ,asXyksa&bafM;u i= us gsx ds fo"k; esa fu.kZ; fy[krs le; vkids fy, tgj mxyk gSA**

**og D;k\ gka] dfg,A Lrqfr lquus tSlk viuh fuank lquuk ;|fi dk;ZdrkZvksa dks fiz; ugha gksrk] ijarq lquuk vko’;d gksrk gSA**

**ml lekpkj&i= us vkidks naM ?kksf"kr gksus ij fo’ks"k :i ls vkuan O;Dr djrs gq, fy[kk gS& The rascal has at last met with his

fate.” eSaus dgk] **cl] bruk gh\ pyks] ;g rks vPNk gh gqvkA ;wjksi esa eq>s Martyr ¼’kghn½ dgk x;k& mUgksaus eq>s Rascal ¼v/ke½

dgkA bu nksuksa esa vkR;afrd fuank&Lrqfr ds vuk;kl gh ijLij dkV gks tkus ls esjk viuk ewyHkwr ewY; T;ksa&dk&R;ksa vckf/kr gh

jgkA**

lqcg dksBjh dk }kjcan gks tkrk] og iqUk% nl cts [kqyrkA bl fu;e dk eSa bruk vH;Lr gks pqdk Fkk fd dHkh chp esa }kj [kqyus

dh izrh{kk Hkh ’ks"k ugha jghA

izrh{kk gh ugha jgus ls can }kj ns[kdj og vLoLFkrk tks igys gksrh Fkh] cgqr de gksrh tk jgh FkhA ml ij vpkud eq>s ,d lk/ku

fey x;k] tks vktdy dke djrs le; izrhr gksusokyh mdrkgV dks nwj djrk FkkA dksBjh dh Nr esa ,d njkj Fkh] mlesa ,d

dcwrj&ifjokj us [kijSy ds uhps viuk Msjk tek;k gqvk FkkA mldh vksj ns[krs gq, eSa dfBu le; dkV jgk FkkA brus esa }kj

[kVdkA vle; }kj [kVdk Fkk&Li"V gS] vius canh cus HkkX; esa dqN ubZ ckr fy[kh tkusokyh gSA ftKklko’k eSaus Åij ns[kk] rks

goynkj us dgk] **pyks] lkgc cykrs gSa!** pkgs fdlh cgkus Hkh D;ksa u gks ijarq bl ,dkar dksBjh ls ckgj fudyus ds fy, fdlh Hkh

dSnh dk eu bruk rRij gksrk gS fd *pyks* ’kCn dku esa iM+rs gh canh ds eu esa oSlk gh mRlkg

31

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Hkj nsrk gS tSlk rM+kd~ ls VwVrs gq, jLls dh vkokt mlls ca/ks gq, pkSik;s ds eu esa iy Hkj ds fy, gh D;ksa u gks] Hkjiwj piyrk

Hkj nsrh gSA eSa mBkA lkgc fdlfy, cqykrs gSa] ;g iwNus dk eu gqvk ijarq tc rd dksbZ dqN u dgs rc rd fdlh Hkh vf/kdkjh ls

Lo;a dqN Hkh iwNuk ugha pkfg,] ,slh izFkk gksus ds dkj.k eSa dqN cksyk ughaA ij og lq’khy goynkj gh /khjs ls cksyk]*yxrk gS] dksbZ

feyuh vkbZ gSA**

iRuh ls HksaV

dk;kZy; esa vkrs gh eSaus ns[kk] lyk[kksa dh f[kM+dh ds ikl esjs cM+s lkys lkgc1 [kM+s gSa& lkFk esa esjh /keZiRuh

210A canhx`g ds os’k esa]

dSnh ds nq%[kn Lo:i esa] iSjksa esa tdM+dj Bksadh gqbZ Hkkjh csfM+;ksa dks ;FkklaHko lgt mBk, gq, eSa vkt igyh ckj muds lkeus [kM+k gks

x;kA esjs eu esa /kqd/kdh gks jgh FkhA pkj o"kZ iwoZ tc blh cacbZ ls eSa buls fonk ysdj foyk;r pyk x;k] mudh vkdka{kk Fkh fd

okil ykSVrs le; eSa cSfjLVjh ds jkscnkj xkmu ¼pksxk½ esa rFkk mu HkkX;’kkyh y{eh/kjksa ds eaMy ls f?kjk vk’kk ,oa ,s’o;Z dh izHkk ls

ned jgk gwaxkA ysfdu vkt eq>s bl rjg fuLlgk;] fujk’kk dh csfM+;kas esa tdM+k gqvk ns[kdj mUuhl&chl o"khZ; ml cspkjh ;qok

je.kh ds àn; dks fdruh Bsl igqaph gksxh\ nksuksa lyk[kksa ds ihNs [kM+s FksA eq>s Nwus ds fy, Hkh muij izfrca/k yxk;k x;k FkkA ikl gh

ijk, yksxksa dk dM+k igjk! Eu esa ,sls Hkko meM+ jgs gSa] ftudks ‘’kCnksa dk lkfUu/; Hkh ladkspkLin gksrk gSA gk;! ipkl o"kksZa ds vFkkZr~

vkthou fcNksg ds iwoZ fonk ysuh gS vkSj og Hkh bu fons’kh funZ;h dkjkf/kdkfj;ksa ds Lusg’kwU; n`f"Vikrksa dh d{kk esaA bl tUe esa vc

vkidh&gekjh HksaV yxHkx vlaHko gh gSA ,slk dgusokyh og HksaV!

vkdk’k vka/kh&ikuh ls Hkj tk,] ,ssls fopkj vpkud ,d gh {k.k esa àn; dh foosd pkSdh ij mUgsa jksdk x;kA muds lkjs >aqM

fNUu&fofNUu fd, x, vkSj n`f"V feyrs gh uhps cSBdj eqLdqjkrs gq, eSaus iwNk]** D;ksa] ns[krs gh igpku fy;k eq>s\ ;g rks dsoy oL=

ifjorZu gqvk gSA eSa rks ogh gwaA lnhZ dk fuokj.k djuk gh oL=ksa dk izeq[k mn~ns’; gksrk gS] tks bu diM+kssa }kjk Hkh iwjk gk s jgk gSA**

FkksM+h nsj esa fouksn&fueXu gksdj os nksuksa brus lgt gksdj okŸkkZyki djus yxs] tSls os vius ?kj esa cSBdj gh xi’ki dj jgs gksaA

volj ikdj eSaus chp esa gh dgk] **Bhd gS] bZ’oj dh d`ik gqbZ rks iqUk% HksaV gksxh ghA bl chp dHkh bl lkekU; lalkj dk eksg gk sus

yxs rks ,slk fopkj djuk fd larkuksRifŸk

11

10

Jh ™;acd jkepanz fpiyw.kdj ¼nknk½ 11

lkS- ;equk ¼ekbZ½ lkojdj( fu/ku 9 uoacj] 1963

32

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


djuk] pkj ydM+h&fruds tksM+dj ?kksalyk cukuk gh lalkj dgykrk gks rks ,slh x`gLFkh dkS,&fpfM+;k Hkh cukrs gSaA ijarq x`gLFkh pykus

dk blls Hkh HkO;rj vFkZ ysuk gks rks ekuo ln`’k ?kjkSank clkus esa ge Hkh d`rkFkZ gks x, gSaA geus viuk ?kjkSank rksM+&QksM+ fn;k] ijarq

mlds ;ksx ls Hkfo"; esa gtkjksa yksxksa ds ?kjksa ls dnkfpr~ lksus dk /kqvka Hkh fudy ldrk gSA ml ij *?kj&?kj* dh jV yxkdj Hkh Iysx

ds dkj.k D;k lSdM+ksa yksxksa ds ?kj&ckj mtM+ ugha x,\ fookg&eaMi ls nwYgk&nwYgu dks djky dky ds xky esa [knsM+dj ladVksa dk

lkeuk djksA eSaus lquk gS] dqN o"kksZa ds i’pkr~ vaneku esa ifjokj ys tkus dh vuqefr nh tkrh gSA ;fn ,slk gqvk rks Bhd gh gS] ijarq

;fn ,slk ugha gqvk rks Hkh bl /kS;Z ds lkFk jgus dk iz;kl djks fd dqN Hkh gks] bl le; dks lguk gh gksxkA**

**ge bl rjg dk gh iz;kl dj jgs gSaA ge ,d&nwljs ds fy, gSa ghA gekjh fpark u djsa] vki Lo;a dk tru djsa] gesa lc dqqN fey

tk;sxkA** bl rjg gekjs iz’uksŸkj dk vuqØe py gh jgk Fkk fd lqifjVsaMsaV us *le; lekIr gksus* dk ladsr fd;kA vr% eSaus gksaBks a ij

vk, ‘’kCnksa dks vk/kk&v/kqjk gh NksM+dj bl HksaV dks lekIr fd;kA ijarq tkrs&tkrs lkys lkgc us tYnh&tYnh dgk] **vPNk] ijarqq ,d

fu;e dk vo’; ikyu djsaA izfrfnu izkr%dky *d`".kk; oklqnsok; gj;s ijekReus! iz z.krDys’kuk’kk; xksfoank; ueksLrq rsAA*&bl ea= dk

tki fu;eiwoZd vo’; djsaA** mudh vksj iz’kalkiw.kZ n`f"V ls ns[kdj eSaus mŸkj fn;k] **vo’;a**

os okil ykSV x,A eSaus ihNs eqM+dj Hkh ugha ns[kkA mu yksxksa dks] tks okil ykSV jgs Fks] ;g fn[kkus ds fy, fd eq>s ;s Ja[kyk,a drbZ

Hkkjh ugha yxrha] pyrs le; eSa gsrqiwoZd mUgsa [kudkrs gq, tsy ds Hkhrj ykSV vk;kA ijarq esjk eu\ vHkh&vHkh eSaus mUgsa ftu ’kCnksa

dk mins’k fn;k Fkk] mUgha dk eu&gh&eu tksj ls mPpkj.k fd;k&eu dks MkaV fiykbZ vkSj ftl rjg fdlh cNM+s dks [khapdj yk;k

tkrk gS] mlh rjg eu dks [khapdj foosd ds [kwaVs ls cka/k fn;kA ,slk izrhr gks jgk Fkk] esjh laiw.kZ ’kfDr fupqM+ xbZ gSA dksBjh esa can

djds goynkj ds tkrs gh eSA fu<ky gksdj Hkwfe ij ysV x;kA ns[kk rks Åij dcwrj ds cPps vdsysiu ds nq%f[kr Loj esa vkØks’k

O;Dr dj jgs Fks] rM+Ii jgs FksA mudh eka losjs ,d lkgc dh canwd dk f’kdkj cu xbZ Fkh vkSj cPps] ges’kk dh rjg og pksap es

nkus ysdj vc vk,xh] rc vk,xh] ,slh jkg ns[krs ns[krs fujk’k vkSj Hk;Hkhr gks x, Fks rFkk fo;ksx dh osnuk ls QM+QM+krs gq,

vkØks’k dj jgs FksA

gk;! gk;! esjs fcNksg dh osnukvksa dk ;FkklaHko ftruk fp=.k gks lds

33

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


mruk d:.k] nk:.k cukus ds fy, gh fdlh nq"V fprsjs us tku&cq>dj dcwrj ds cPpksa ds ‘’kksd dh bl i`"Bhkwfe dk p;u fd;k gS\

;g ruko eu ds fy, vlã FkkA Hkwfe ij ysVs ysVs gh vka[k yx xbZA brus esa&

**mfB,] vjs lks jgs gSa D;k! lkgc!] dke ds le; vkidks ;fn lkgc us lksrs gq, ns[k fy;k rks os gesa D;k dgasxsA** njokts dh lyk[kksa

ij viuk MaMk tksj&tksj ls [kM+dkrs gq, flikgh cksykA

eSa mB x;kA iqUk% ogh rwekj& mls dwVuk&[kksyuk&ogh fi"Vis"k.k a a a a a a

naM izkjaHk gq, izk;% ,d eghuk chr x;k FkkA eq>s vHkh Hkh ogh Hkkstu feyrk Fkk tks dPps canh dks fn;k tkrk gS] vr% eq>s nw/k Hkh

feyrk FkkA eSa vHkh vHkh Hkkstu ls fuiVk gh FkkA brus esa goynkj us eq>s ckgj cqyk;k vkSj rHkh lifjVsaMsaV Hkh vk;k]** viuk

cksfj;k&fcLrj mBk yksA** eSaus viuk fcLrj mBk;kA lkspk] ;g D;k&dgha vaneku rks ugha tk jgs gSaA }kj ds ikl vk;k] ogka tsy dh

xkM+h [kM+h FkhA eSaA Hkhrj cSB x;k] xkM+h can gks xbZ] bruh fd ckgj dk dqN Hkh fn[kkbZ ugha fn[k jgk FkkA u fn’kk] u ekxZ&dsoy

[kM+[kM+kgV lqukbZ ns jgh FkhA xkM+h :d xbZ& ,d vksj tsy ds ikl vius vkidks [kM+k ik;kA Hkhrj lksyg laLdkj fd, x,] tks ,d

u, canh ds fy, fd, tkrs gSaA vkf[kj dksBjh esa can gks tkus ds ckn ns[kk rks eSa ,d ,sls dkjkx`g esa can gks x;k Fkk tks Mksaxjh ds

dkjkx`g ls Hkh dBksj ,adkar rFkk futZu fLFkfr esa gSA gka] nwj ,d canh okWMZj fn[k jgk gSA FkksM+h nsj esa Hkkstu vk x;kA }kj

[kksyrs&[kksyrs ml vaxzst lktsZaV us] ftls esjs fy, Hkkjrh; goynkj ds cnys gsrqiwoZd Hkstk x;k Fkk&b/kj&m/kj ns[kdj ¼Good day

dgrs gq,½ jke&jke fd;kA eSaus /khjs ls iwNk] ^^dkSu lh tsy gS\** mlus lkFk ds Hkkjrh; canh dks irk u pys] blfy, Lisy djrs gq,

crk;k&Byculla ¼Hkk;[kyk½A

34

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k &2

Hkk;[kyk dkjkx`g

Mksaxjh dh ,adkr dksBjh ls Hkk;[kyk dh ,dkar dksBjh ij p<+rs le; xgjkrs ,dkar rFkk mnklhurk dh vxyh lh<+h p<+uh iM+hA Mksaxjh

esa vkl&ikl dksbZ euq”; ugha jgrk Fkk] ijarq de&ls&de nwj ls dksykgy rks lqukbZ nsrk FkkA vkl&ikl euq”; gh ugha cfYd ,d&nks

iqLrdsa rFkk os oLrq,a Hkh ftudk eSa vH;Lr Fkk] ‘ks”k ugha FkhA

Lkeku dk Hkh ,d rjg dk lax&lkFk gksrk gS] tsls ifjfpr tuksa d fo;ksx ls lcdqN ‘kwU;or~ yxus yxrk gSA dksBjh dk fujh{k.k

fd;kA ,slk dqN ugha Fkk tks ns[kus ;ksX; gksA pgydneh djus yxkA eu&gh&eu lkspus yxk] esjs idM+s tkus ls gekjh Økafrdkjh laLFkk

dh D;k fLFkfr gksxh\ vc vkxs dh ;kstuk cukuh pkfg,A

Lkka;dkyhu Hkkstu vk x;kA esjs eu esa jktuhfr ds fopkjksa ls tks [kycyh eph Fkh& vU; fo”k; feyus ls og dqN ‘kkar gks xbZA Hkkstu

ls fuiVdj] cjru ekatdj iqu% ml gky gh esa can gq, lyk[kksaokys }kj ds fudV [kM+k jgkA lka> gks xbZA ogh la/;k] ogh jkr] ogh

rkfŸod fopkjksa ls feyh gqbZ rkRdkfyd ‘kkafr ^lIrf”kZ* dfork¹12 ds mŸkjk/kZ dk fo”k; cu xb Z gSA vkt nks vkosnu&i= fn, FksA Mksaxjh

NksM+rs gh m/kj tks FkksM+k lk nw/k feyrk Fkk og Hkh can gks tkus ls rFkk Hkk;[kyk esa dsoy Tokj dh jksVh [kkus ls isV [kjkc gks tkrk

Fkk] vr% ;g ekax dh Fkh fd iqUk% nw/k fn;k tk,A eq>ls vius ?kj dh rFkk ljdkj dh lkjh&dh&lkjh iqLrdas Nhu yh xbZ FkhA esjh

nwljh ekax ;g Fkh fd muesa ls dksbZ ,d iqLrd i<+us ds fy, feysA bl vkosnu&i= dk mŸkj fey x;k&nw/k dh dksbZ vko’;drk fn[kkbZ

ugha nsrh] ckbfcy ds fo”k; esa lkspsaA

vkf[kj dqN fnuksa ckn ckbfcy fey xbZA cgqr fnu ls iqLrd u gksus ds dkj.k gkFk esa vkrs gh yxk fd i<+k tk,A ckbfcy [kksyh]

rHkh izgjh us crk;k&

12

Lkojdj] lexz lkfgR;] [kaM&7

35

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


iqLrd dksBjh esa ugha j[kh tk,xh] ‘kke ds le; dkedkt lekIr gkus ij cl ,d nks ?kaVksa ds fy, gh feysxhA vr% ,ls okil ykSVk;k

vkSj iqu% dBksj ifjJekFkZ tks dke fn;k Fkk] og djus yxkA djrs&djrs eu&gh&eu dfork dh jpuk djrk jgkA vkf[kj ‘kke ds

le; ckbfcy gkFk iM+hA

bZlk elhg ds pfj= rFkk mins’k ds fo”k; esa esjs eu esa ges’kk vknj Hkko FkkA Ýkal esa eSa ckbfcy dh ubZ iksFkh ¼U;w VsLVkesaV½ dk

fparu vkSj v/;;u djrk FkkA vc xksfoanflag dh ^vk;kZ* lekIr gksus dks Fkh vkSj ^lIrf”kZ* Hkh iwjk gksus dks vk x;k FkkA Hkkoh

dkO;&jpuk ds fy, vko’;d ,sfrgkfld lkfgR; lk/ku izkIr ugha Fks] vkSj ;g Hkh Li”V fuf’pr ugha fd;k Fkk fd fdl fo”k; ij

dkO;&jpuk djuh gS] vr% igys bZlk dk pfj= gh ejkBh esa dforkc} djus dk fu’p; fd;kA ckbfcy dh iqjkuh iksFkh ¼vksYM

VsLVkesaV½ dk ,sfrgkfld vkSj /kkfeZd n`f”V ls v/;;u djrs le; T;w yksxksa ds jk”Vªh; dkjkokl dh nqHkkZX;iw.k rFkk vlgk; voLFkk

vkSj mlls NqVdkjk ikus ds fy, muds }kjk fd, x, iz;Ruksa dk o.kZu i<+ jgk Fkk a a a ijarq ;s yksx eq>s vaneku D;ksa ugha Hkstrs\ eSaus

dqN ,slk lquk Fkk fd naM ?kksf”kr gksus ds i’pkr~ ;fn canh dks dkysikuh ugha Hkstk x;k rks naM ds os Ng eghus fxus ugha tkrsA blds

vfrfjDr eSaus vaneku jsX;wysVj esa Hkh i<++k Fkk fd Ng eghus dkjkokl Hkqxrus ds ckn canh dks ckgj }hi ij NksM++k tkrk gS vkSj ftls

FkksM+k&cgqr i<+uk&fy[kuk vkrk gS] ml dSnh dks lkS&lkS yksxksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj vU; egŸoiw.kZ d`f”k dk;Z lkSais tkrs gSA ;fn ,slk gks rks

dkjkx`g dh bl dksBjh ds thou ls m/kj dk thou vR;f/kd lqlã gksus dh laHkkouk gSA de&ls&de lkxj rV ij iy Hkj :ddj

[kqyh gok esa lkal ysuk rks laHko gksxk& yksxksa esa ?kqy&fey tkus dk lqvolj izkIr gksxk] mlds ;ksx ls iqu% izpkj vkSj yksdksi;qDr dk;Z

Hkh djuk laHko gksxkA nl o”kksZa ds Ik’pkr~ vius ifjokj ds lkFk ?kj Hkh clk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj mudk] ftUgsa dksBjh ds bl canhx`g

dh lqjax esa gh lkjh ltk dkVuh gS\ muesa ls dksbZ esjs cky fe= Fks] dksbZ fo’oLr lg;ksxh Fkh rks dksbZ vfHkUuàn; lgpkjh Fks& izk;%

lHkh eq>ij vlhe J}k j[krs Fks] eq>ls fuLLokFkZ izse djrs vk, FksA mu ij rFkk muds ifjokjksa ij vk IkM+s ladV esa eSa mUgsa ugha

cpk ldk] u gh mudh fdlh rjg lgk;rk dj ldkA bl HkzkfUr ls fd esjs dkj.k gh mUgsa bruh lkjh dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djuk

iM+ jgk g] D;k os eq>ls :”V ugha gq, gksaxs\ ml ij Hkh eq>s mudh o`} eerke;h ekrkvksa ij] ftUgksaus mUgsa iky&iksldj cM+k fd;k

vkSj muls mudh va/ks dh

36

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ykBh fu;fr us vpkud Nhu yh& n;k vkrhA vkSj os otzfu’p;h ohj& ftUgksaus ek= lquus ds fy, Hkh nqLlg ;kruk,a >syha& ij ^mQ*

rd ugha fd;k] u gh esjs fo:} ,d ‘kCn dgk] vkSj mu ;qodksa dh lc ;krukvksa dk Lej.k gksrs gh eq>s bruk nq%[k gqvk fd dqN nsj

esa eSa viuh ;krukvksa dks gh Hkwy x;kA iqUk% lksprk] dgha eSa fiNM+ rks ugha x;k\ lcls vkxs jgdj lkeus gks jgs dBksj&ls dBksj

vk?kkrksa dks >syus ds fy, D;k eSa Nkrh rkudj vkxs ugha [kM+k jgk\ rks fQj vc tks vVy] vifjgk;Z gS] tks lcdk dk;Z Hkkx gS]

mlds Hkkxh Hkh lHkh gksaxsA vkSj tks Hkksxuk iM+k og rks dqN Hkh ugha gS] vHkh rks a a a aA

eSaus igys Hkh ,d fuosnu fd;k Fkk] ftlesa ;g izkFkZuk dh Fkh fd eq>s fn, x, nks vkthou dkjkoklksa dk naM ,ddkfyd fd;k tk,A

ml izkFkZuk ds leFkZukFkZ tks dkj.k eSaus izLrqr fd, Fks] muesa ls ,d ;g Fkk fd naMfoKku esa vkthou dkjkokl dk vFkZ euq”; ds

thou ds drZO; ds lkekU; dky ls fd;k tkrk gSA baXySaM vkfn ns’kksa esa ;g vof/k pkSng o”kZ dh gS] fganqLFkku esa os vijk/k ds fglkc

ls chl vFkok iPphl o”kZ eku ldrs gSaA ;g vof/k gh naMfoKku esa thou dky gSA vf/kd&ls&vf/kd naM dh ;gh vof/k gSA vr%

eq>s izkIr nks vktUe dkjkokl ;fn ,ddkfyd ugha fd, x, vkSj ,d vktUe dkjkokl dkVus ds mijkar nwljk vktUe dkjkokl dkVus

dk vFkZ fy;k x;k] rks naMfoKku dh Hkk”kk esa gh bl tUe dh lekfIr ds Ik’pkr~ ;g naM Hkqxrus ds fy, nwljk tUe ysuk pkfg,& ;g

gkL;kLin gksxk vkSj okLro esa ;g ipkl o”kZ dkysikuh dh Hkh”k.k i}fr ls ejus dk vFkZ gS& ;g tUe [kRe djds nwljs tUe esa Hkh

naM Hkksxuk gSA rks ;g gkL;kLin vFkZ Vkyus ds fy, Hkh esjh eqfDr dk o”kZ 1960 u j[krs gq, vktUe dkjkokl vFkkZr~ iPphl o”kZ&

tks vf/kd&ls&vf/kd naM le>k tkrk gS& gh fuf’pr fd;k tk,A bl vkosnu&i= dk vkt mŸkj vk x;k A ;g fu.kZ; fn;k x;k Fkk

fd ^vkidk vktUe dkjkokl ,ddkfyd u djrs gq, og Øekuqlkj Hkksxuk iM s+xkA ;gh fu.kZ; mfpr gS] vr% vkidk naM ipkl o”kZ

rFkk eqfDr dk o”kZ 1960¹13 gh jgsxkA ^;g crkus ds fy, tks ,d vaxszt lTtu vk, Fks] mUgksaus esjs vkosnu&i= dh ifjHkk”kk dk

gsrqiwoZd voyac djrs gq, eq>ls fouksnfefJr Loj esa dgk]^^lkojdj lkgc] vkf[kj ljdkj us ;gh fu’fpr fd;k fd vkidks bl tUe

dh vktUe dkjkokl dh ltk dkVus ds ckn

13

6tuojh] 1924 ds fnu ohj lkojdkj dh dkjkokl ls eqfDr gks xbZA vkxs pydj mUgsa jRukfxjh esa dqN ‘krkZsa ij LFkkuo} fd;k

x;k( 10 ebZ] 1937 ds fnu bu ‘krksZa dks gVk;k x;k vkSj lu~ 1960 esa ohj lkojdj dk ^e`R;qat; egksRlo* /kwe/kke ls euk;k x;kA

blds Ik’pkr~ 26 Qjojh] 1966 ds fnu mUgksaus vkRekiZ.k* fd;kA

37

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vxys tUe esa Hkh vktUe dkjkokl dkVuk gksxkA** eSa Hkh galrs gq, cksyk] ^^rks fQj blesa Hkh de&ls&de ,d lek/kku dh ckr ;g gS

fd ljdkj us fganqvksa ds iqutZUe ds fl}kar dks Lohdkj dj fy;k gS vkSj bZlkbZ /keZ ds iqu:Rfkku dk fl}kar NksM+ fn;k gSA**

;g D;k\ vkt bruk ‘kh/kz Hkkstu\ dkjkx`g esa Hkys gh tku pyh tk,] ijarq iwoZ fu;ksftr dk;Zøekuqlkj gh pyuk gksrk gSA ;gka ij

lcds fy, bruk le;’khy jguk gksrk gSA Hkkstu ds fy,] vUu ds fy,] e`R;q vk tk, rks Hkh Hkkstu tYnh ugha vk ldrk] ;fn

vko’;d gks rks e`U;q Hkkstu vkus rd :dsA rks fQj Hkyk vkt ;g vle; Hkkstu D;ksa\ vFkkZr~ dqN&u&dqN u;k ?kVusokyk gSA eSaus

igjs ij [kMs+ xksjs vf/kdkjh dh vksj ftKklk n`f”V ls ns[kkA mlus viuh Vksih ihNs djus ds cgkus vius gkFk nwj rd ihNs ys tkdj

nsk ckj fgyk,& vFkkZr~ gesa dgha vkSj igqapuk gSA Hkkstu gks x;kA fHkfŸk ij ,d uqdhys dadj ls dqN dfork,a ?klhVdj fy[kh Fkh&

mUgsa tYnh&tYnh i<+dj jxM+&jxM+dj lkQ fd;k& ftlls fdlh dks mudk irk u pysA brus esa flikgh us ^pyks* dgrs gq, }kj [kksykA

xksjs lktsaV ds v/khu gesa dkjkxkj v/kh{kd dks lkSaik x;k] tSls dksbZ futhZo oLrq gksaA eksVj&jsy] iqU% LVs’ku A ;g irk pyk& ;g Bk.ks

gS vkSj gesa ogh ds dkjkx`g esa tkuk gSA

38

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k &3

Bk.ks dkjkx`g

dkjkx`g esa tgka&rgka xM+cM+A ipkl o”kZ dk naM dk] dkysikuh dk ,d cSfjLVj canh! vf/kdkfj;ksa dk dM+k vkns’k fd dksbZ esjh vksj

vka[k mBkdj Hkh u ns[ksA lkjs okWMZj vkSj dSfn;ksa dks ckgj fudkydj ,d Hkkx iwjk [kkyh djds j[kk FkkA ijar ml dBksj vkns’k ds

ckotwn canhx`g dh ftKklk cnkrs guah cuh A ml dksBjh ij] ftlesa eq>s j[kk x;k Fkk] nq”V&ls&nq”V vkSj Øwjrk esa fo[;kr eqfLye

okWMZj fu;qDr fd;s x, FksA iwjk dBksj ,dkarA Hkkstu vk x;kA ,d dkSj Hkh xys ls mrjuk vlaHko izrhr gks jgk FkkA cktjs dh ?kfV;k

jksVh vkSj tkus dkSu lh cgqr [kV~Vh Hkkth] ftls eqag esa Hkh ugha Mkyk x;kA jksVh dk VqdM+k rksM+uk] FkksM+k pckuk] ml ij ?kw aV Hkj ikuh

ihuk vkSj mlds lkFk xVd tkuk& bl rjg jksVh [kkbZA tYnh gh ‘kke gks xbZA dksBjh can djds yksxksa ds tkrs gh fu<ky gksdj eSa

fcLrj ij yq<+d x;kA va/ksjk Nkus yxkA brus esa dgha ls ,sls euq”; dh vkokt vkbZ ftls Lo;a lqudj yksx Hk;Hkhr gks tk,aA /khjs ls

ns[kk] nq”Vksa esa nq”V tks okWMZj esjs fy, fu;qDr fd, x, Fks] muesa ls ,d canh okWMZj eq>s gkSys ls ladsr dj }kj ds fudV cqyk jgk gSA

eSa pyk vk;kA b/kj&m/kj ns[kdj ml canh okWMZj us dgk] ^^egkjkt] vkidh ohjrk dh [;kfr geus lquh gSA ,sls ‘kwj iq:”k ds pj.kksa

dk eSa nkl gwaA vkids fy, eq>ls tks Hkh cu iM+s] og lc d:axkA vc eSa ,d lekpkj nsrk gwaA ijarq og vkids ikl ls QwVuk ugha

pkfg, vU;Fkk eSa ekjk tkÅaxkA vki ohj gSa] pqxyh tSlk nq”deZ vki dnkfi ugha djsaxs] fQj Hkh vkidks lko/kku fd;k gSA** bl rjg

fcuk :ds ijarQ cgqr gh ncs Loj esa cksyrs vkSj vanj ?kqlrs gq, mlus dgk] ^^ vkidk HkkbZ ;gha ij gSA**

^^dkSu lk HkkbZ\**

^^NksVkA** mls lansg gqqvk] dksbZ ns[k rks ugha jgk] og >V ls IkhNs gV x;k] EkSa Hkh Hkhrj f[kld x;kA

39

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dfu”B ca/kq114

NksVk HkkbZ! Chl dh vk;q ds uhps dk og yM+dk] ftls vgenkckn215

esa ykWMZ feaVks ij ce Qsadus ds vkjksi esa vBkjg o”kZ dh vk;q esa

gh tsy esa can gksdj lkgl ds lkFk mu ;a=.kkvksa dk lkeuk djus dk volj feyk FkkA vgenkckn ls mls NksM+k x;k rks ?kj vkdj

fcLrj ij tjk ihB gh fVdkbZ Fkh fd jkT;Økafr rFkk jktuhfrd gR;k ds xaHkhj vkjksiksa esa mls iqUk% idM+dj dkjkxkj esa Mky fn;k

x;kA ysfdu o”kZ Hkj ,d ds ckn ,d ;krukvksa] /kefd;ksa rFkk funZ;rk ds vk?kkr lgrs gq, ml dksey vk;q esa Hkh vius dBksj fu’p;

rFkk vaxhd`r ozr ls og ys’kek= fopfyr ugha gqvkA og esjk vuqtA ekrk&firk dh N=PNk;k ckY;koLFkk esa gh mB tkus ds dkj.k eSa

gh mldk ekrk&firk cu x;k FkkA dy&ijlksa rd iy Hkj eq>ls nwj gksus ij tks jksus yxrk] ogh esjk NksVk HkkbZ ;gha ij gS] esjh rjg

gh csfM+;ksa esa tdM+k gqvk rFkk pDdh ihlus tSlk dBksj dk;Z dj jgk gSA ekuks mld s ;s lkjs d”V de Fks] blfy, mls vkt esjs

vktUe dkjkokl dk lekpkj fn;k tk,xk! esjs vktUe dkjkokl dk mUgsa irk Fkk] rFkkfi yxHkx lHkh dks fo’okl Fkk fd gsx esa eSa NwV

tkÅaxk vkSj iqu% Ýkal Hkst fn;k tkÅaxkA blh vkuan esa esjs ;s lkFkh vius nq%[k Hkwys gq, FksA ijarq vc mudk vafre vk’kk&rarq VwV

tk,xkA eSa lpeqPk gh dkykikuh tkÅaxk vkSj ;g lekpkj eSa Lo;a mUgsa nwaxkA ,d cM+s HkkbZ rks igys gh vktUe dkjkokl ij dkykikuh

pys x, FksA vkt esjk Hkh fpjfo;ksx gksxkA vkt gekjk ;g ckyd lpeqp vukFk gks tk,xkA tc mlds eu esa ;g nk:.k lR; mrjsxk

fd eSa yxHkx fQj dHkh u fn[kus ds fy, gh vaneku tkÅaxk] rc mlds dksey eu dh dSlh voLFkk gksxh\ vkSj eqfDr ds i’pkr~ og

dgka tk,xk\ mls dkSu lgkjk nsxk\ dkSu mldh f’k{kk iwjk djk,xk\ ;g UkUgk ckyd ftl fdlh }kj ij igqapsxk] mlds }kj mlh ds

lkeus /kM+k/kM+ can dj fn, tk,axsA nq%[kkosx esa ;s lkjs fopkj ,d lkFk rjafxr gksdj iqUk% Mwc x,A muesa dqN fopkj iqu% àn; es a

mFky iqFky epkrs jgsA

nknk] ;g fyft,

ogh okWMZj fQj ikl vk;kA dkQh va/ksjk gks x;k FkkA

^^nknk!**

^^gkaA**

14

Mk- ukjk;.k nkeksnj lkojdj( tUe lu~ 1888] e`R;q % lu~ 1949A 15

ohj lkojdj dk lrr vkxzg Fkk fd eqlfye opZLookys bl uke dks cnydj vgenkckn dk uke ^d.kkZorh* j[kk tk,A

40

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


^^;g fyft,A** dgrs gq, mlus ,d ikVh esjs gkFk esa nh vkSj fgnk;r nh fd lqifjVsaMsaV lkgc us lHkh okWMZjksa dks ;g vkKk nh gS fd

vkidks vkids HkkbZ dk lekpkj ;fn fdlh us fn;k rks mls nl o”kZ dk dkysikuh dk naM fn, fcuk ugha NksM+k tk,xkA vkius vius eq[k

ls ,d ‘kCn Hkh fudkyk rks eSa ej tkÅaxkA bruk fxM+fxM+krk gqvk og ihNs ?kwe x;k vkSj nwj tkrs gh tksj&tksj ls twrs pjejkrk RkFkk

rkyc} Mx Hkjrk gqvk igjk nsus yxkA og ikVh esjs NksVs HkkbZ cky dk i= FkkA nwj dgha ykyVsu ty jgh FkhA mlds izdk’k esa FkksM+k

lk fn[k jgk FkkA mlh mtkys esa eSaus vR;ar eerk ls ml i= dks i<+ fy;kA mlesa nq%[k rFkk rstksHkax dk ,d ‘kCn Hkh ugha FkkA blds

foijhr ,d /kS;Z’kkyh lans’k Hkstk x;k Fkk fd vaxhd`r ozr dh i wfrZ ds fy, blls Hkh vf/kd dBksj riL;k D;ksa u djuh iMs+] fpark ughaA

eSaus Bku fy;k fd bl i= dk mŸkj HkstwaA vaneku esa ,d o”kZ esa ,d i= Hkstus dh vuqefr nh tkrh gS] ijarq eSaus lquk Fkk dHkh dHkh

,slh lgwfy;r Hkh ugha feyrhA vr% gks ldrk gS] cky dks i= fy[kus dk ;g vafre volj gh gksA eSaus ml okWMZj dks ladsr fd;kA

og ncs dne vk x;kA ijarq ;g dgrs gq, fd jkr esa ns[kk tk,xk] og pyrk cukA vk/kh uhan iwjh gks pqdh gksxhA njokts ds lh[kpksa

ds ikl /kheh [kM+[kM+kgV lqukbZ nhA esjs dku [kM+s gks x,] eSa pkSadrs gq, mB x;kA ns[kk rks okWMZj njoktk [kM+[kM+k jgk FkkA mlus gkFk

ls ladsr fd;k ^fyf[k,* vkSj ykyVsu lehi ys vk;kA eq>ls ,d ‘kCn Hkh cksyrs gq, ;fn og idM+k tkrk rks mls naM gq, fcUkk ugha

jgrkA nq”Vksa esa nq”V le>s tkusokys bl ?kkrd Mkdw ds eu esa Hkh esjs fy, bruh lgkuqHkwfr gS] ;g ns[kdj eSa nax FkkA ;gh vuqHko

vkxs pydj eq>s ckj&ckj gqvkA eSa mldk vkHkkj iznf’kZr djus yxk] ijarq tYnh&tYnh esa mlus dgk] ^^nknk] rqjar ls igys fy[kdj

nksA**

NwVsaxs ;k ejsaxs

rFkkfi ‘kadk gqbZ]^fy[kokdj bl ikVh dks dgha ;g cky ds gkFk u lkSaidj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks u lkSai ns\ esjk thou xqIrpjksa ls nako&isap

[ksyrs gq, O;rhr gqvk FkkA vr% eSaus fdlh dk Hkh uke] xkao] vrk&irk dksbZ fo’ks”k dk;Zøe u fy[krs gq, vaneku ds va/ksjs Qyd ij

vk’kkvksa dh nks&rhu rwfydk,a ekjrs gq, fy[kk fd ^;fn ogka ds fu;ekuqlkj eq>s viuk ifjokj ikap&nl o”kksZ ds fy, ys tkus dh

vuqefr nh xbZ rks eSa viuh thou lk/kuk esa O;rhr d:axk vkSj ;fn eSa iqu% fganqLFkku dh ikou /kjrh ds rV ij viuk iSj ugha j[k

ldk] rks rr% izkpsrl% f’k”;kSa jkek;.kferLrr% eSfFkys;kS dq’kyokS txrqxZq:pksfnrkS dh rjg gh] mu vfHkuo dqekjksa

41

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ds daBkas ls ns’k Hkj esa izpkj d:axkA ,d thou dh lQyrk ds fy, cl ;gh ,d dk;Z leFkZ gSA bl ;kstuk ds vuqlkj eSa vaneku esa

iPphl o”kZ O;rhr d:axkA ijarq ;g ,d vktUe dkjkokl Hkqxrus ds Ik’pkr~ Hkh ;fn eq>s NksM+k ugha x;k rks dsoy aa a a a NwVsaxs ;k a a a

a;ksa gh ejasxs] ;gh esjk fu’p; gSA rqe fpark er djuk vFkok bl fopkj ls viuk eu NksVk er djuk fd thou fo”k gks x;k A

ok”Ik;a= dks lfØ; djus ds fy, viuh nsg dks bZa/ku cukdj ;fn fdlh dks tyrs&lqyxrs jguk gh gS rks Hkyk og ge gh D;ksa u gksa\

bl rjg ek= tyrs jguk Hkh ,d deZ gh gS A bruk gh ugha] vfirq egRdeZ gSA*¹16 a a a aokWMZj us ladsr :i esa [kkaldj lwfpr fd;k]

^tYnh djks*A eSa ikVh dks }kj ds fudV j[k ihNs gV x;kA tkrs&tkrs mlls dgk] ^^eSa pkgrk gwa] esjs dkj.k vkidks tjk lk Hkh d”V u

igqqapsA vki pkgsa vkSj ;fn vkidks ;g drZO; yxrk gks rks gh ,slk lkgl djsaA geus Hkjs xkao esa izos’k djds ljs ckt+kj Mkdk Mkyk gS

vkSj yM+rs&yM+rs fudy Hkh x,A nknk] eSa ‘kwj iq:”k gwa] vkSj blhfy, vki tSls lkglh] ijkØeh iq:”k dk eSa cank gwaA Hkyk esjk dSlk

lkgl! Esjh eqfDr gksus esa nks eghus ‘ks”k gSaA lkgl rks vkidk gS fd ,sls izlax esa Hkh vki brus izlUu gSaA**

i= igqapk fn;k

mlus tkdj fo’okliwoZd cky dks i= igqapk;kA ijarq mldh ‘kwjrk dh O;k[;k esjs /;ku ls ugha mrjhA Mkdw yksx pksjh dks iki vkSj

rqPN deZ le>rs gSaA ekax tkfr ds yksx Mkseksa dks ugha Nwrs! blh rjg ;g HkhA nwljs fnu eSaus mls vU;ksfDr }kjk lwfpr djus dk

iz;kl fd;k&ekuk fd LokFkZ gsrw ywVekj ,d izdkj ls ohjrk gS rFkkfi og Js;Ldj vFkok iz’kaluh; ugha gSA og Hkh le> x;k vkSj

vkxs fQj dHkh mlus Mhax gkaddj Mkdk Mkyus dk mYys[k ugha fd;kA

esjs vkus ds Ik’pkr~ ,d&nks fnu ds vanj dh cky dks Bk.ks ls Lfkkukarfjr djds dgha vU;= Hkstk x;kA vf/kdkjh tkurs Fks] ;|fi blesa

lafnX/krk Fkh fd iqu% mldh HksaV gksxh ;k ugha] rFkkfi brus fudV ,d Hkhr dh vkM+ jgrs gq, Hkh mUgksaus mlls esjh HkasV ugha gksus nhA

mlds Ik’pkr~ o”kksaZ eq>s mldk dqN Hkh lekpkj ugha feyk] ;wa dfg, fd lekpkj feyus ugha fn;k x;k fd og dgka x;k] dc NwVk] D;k

djrk gSA

16

^Ukscsy* iqjLdkj fotsrk egkdfo johanzukFk VSxksj dks vfHkuanu dj Hksth xbZ dfork esa lkojdj us ;gh dYiuk izLrqr dh gSA

42

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


flag&iq:”k

Bk.kas dkjkx`g ds flikfg;ksa ds vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ls ,d izeq[k vf/kdkjh gsrqiwoZd mtkM+ j[ks x, esjs Hkkx ij fu;qDr fd;k x;k FkkA og

FkqyFkqy] xksyeVksy] galksM+ ijarq cM+k gh ?kqUuk FkkA xksjs vf/kdkfj;ksa dk csgn fo’oLrA og ;FkklaHko eq>ls ckr djus dk iz; kl djrkA

esjs fopkj ls esjs fy, mlds eu esa lfEeJ Hkkouk Fkh] Hkys gh og lR; Fkh ;k feF;kA esjs izfr og n;k Hkko iznf’kZr djrk FkkA

Hkkstu ;FkklaHko Bhd&Bhd nsus dk iz;kl djrs ns[kdj Hkh vuns[kh dj ysrk] ijarq fu;eiwoZd jktuhfrd ppkZ djds esjs eu ij ;g

izHkko tekus dk iz;Ru djrk fd eSaus vR;ar fujFkZd ,oa ikxyiu dk dke djds uknkuhiwoZd thougkfu dh gSA vkrs&tkrs cafn;ksa dks

ldkj.k cqykdj eq>s fn[kkrk vkSj muls dgrk]^ns[kks] gekjk flagiq:”k gks rks ,slk! Ikj D;k\ jko vtc rsjh djuh] vtc rsjk [ksy!

edM+h ds tky esa Qalk;k ‘ksjA* ;g xhr xk&xkdj Lokax djrk] ukprk vkSj Lo;a gh iwoZ i{k&mŸkj i{k djrs gq, fookn NsM+rk fd ^dgka

bruh izcy ljdkj vkSj dgka ;s vfdapu pkj cPps! Pys gSa vaxzst ljdkj dk jkt ysusA* ,slk dgrs gq, gkFk esa idM+k lksVk ryokj

tSlk ?kqekrs gq,& nks&rhu iSarjs dkVdj ukprk vkSj vius lkFk yk, nks&rhu dSfn;ksa ls og iwNrk] ^D;ksa js jkew] esjs bl rjg okj djus

ls gok ejh\* lc yksx tksj&tksj ls Bgkds yxkrsA goynkj dh fBBksyh Fkh! u gals rks eqlhcrA dc D;k naM fnyok nsA muds galus ij

og vkSj Nkrh Qqykdj dgrk] vjs] galrs D;ksa gks\ D;k gok dks ekjus dk ;g lkgl gekjs bu egkjkt ds lkgl ls vf/kd gkL;kLin

gS] tks vkB&nl yM+ds ysdj vaxszt ljdkj dks ekjus pys gSa\

foyk;rh NSy&Nchyh

dHkh ge Luku djrs rks og ogha [kM+s gksdj gekjh vksj ?kwjrk jgrk vkSj vius ekrgr flikfg;ksa ls dgrk] ^xksa|k] rfud ns[kks rks

gekjs nknk dh nsg! tSls lksus dk VqdM+kA Hkqtkvksa dk xBko] ;g pkSM+h Nkrh! nknk dq’rh djrs Fks] ;g iDdk gSA ^fQj >V ls vkokt

iyVdj vfr fouze Loj esa dgrk] ^vth foyk;r esa gh jgdj fdlh NSy&Nchyh ds jax esa jaxdj viuk ;kSou fcrk nsrs! Dgka ;g

vkidk rk:.; vkSj ml ij dSlh eqlhcr! Hkyk vkidks ;s yksgs dh csfM+;k iguus dh gkSal D;ksa yxh\

dHkh og dgrk]^ u&u! ;g ?kksj deZ gekjs nknk dj gh ugha ldrsA yxrk gS] dqN cM+s&cMs+ ukeoj yksxksa us viuk mYyw lh/kk djus ds

fy, gekjs bl Hkksys ‘kadj dks vkxs djds lCtckx fn[kkdj bUgsa eqag ds cy fxjk fn;kA nknk] vkidh vis{kk eSa

43

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fdruk lq[kh gwaA eghus&ds&eghus osru ikrk gwa] frl ij isa’ku gS ghA ipkl&lkB :i;s [ku[kukrs gq, ets esa thou;kiu dj jgk gwaA

vkSj vki& dqanu tSlk nedrk :i] f[kyrk ;kSou] ckfyLVjh] nhoku dh csVh C;kgh gqbZ loZuk’k fd;k vkius vius thou dk] LoxhZ;

lq[k dk A fdlfy,\ ns’k ds fy,\ nhokuxh gS nhokuxh jko!* eSa ;g lc ‘kkafr ls lqu ysrk] ijarq dHkh&dHkh og esjs /kS;Z dk cka/k Hkh

rksM+ MkyrkA gkFk tksM+dj eq>ls dgrk] *egk’k;] crkb,] lp&lp cksfy,&’kklu dh ckxMksj vki dSls gfFk;k,ax s\ vkidks D;k yxrk

gS] fdrus fnuksa esa vki NwVsaxs\ bl fnlacj esa njckj gS ¼;g ml le; dh ckr gS tc tkWtZ iape xn~nh ij cSBusokys Fks½ rc NwVsaxs\

^eSa dgrk] u&u] HkbZ] gekjs fy, tqcyh dSlh\ rFkkfi dHkh nl&ckjg o”kksZa esa le; cnyk rks cnykA * rks og vR;ar dM+ok eqag

cukdj dgrk]^ fNg] rqEgsa os D;ksadj NksMs+xs] vkidksa ;ksa gh lM+us nsaxs] ejus ds Ik’pkr~ gh NksM+saxs*A

dkaVksa dk eqdqV

eSa iqu%&iqUk% eu&gh&eu ^izfrizlogs;k% lw{ek%*¹17 & ;g ;ksxlw= cksyrs gq, vius eu dks fl[kkrk f dbl dkjkokl esa rqEgsa ekufld

;kruk Hkh mlh rjg lguh gksxh tSls ‘kkjhfjd ;kruk,aA blls ;fn rqEgkjk rstkHkax gksrk gS rks ;g ekuk tk,xk fd rqEgkjk rst ,d

{kf.kd mŸkstuk gh FkhA rqe ,slk D;ksa ugha lksprs fd mUgsa bl [ksy esa vkuan vk jgk gS\ rqEgsa ,slk izrhr gks jgk gS u fd bl [ksy ds

uk;d rqe gks\ dsoy bl rjg dh o`fŸk dks ekj yksA rqe rks vPNh rjg ls tkurs gks fd rqe dkSu gks\ rqeus D;k vkSj D;ksa fd;k gS\

pksjksa ds rek’ks ls rqEgkjk D;k fcxM+rk gS\ rqels igys ;g dkaVksa dk rkt mUgsa Hkh /kkj.k djuk iM+k tks vius vkidks iszf”kr dgyk;k

djrs FksA vkt }hi&}hikarj ftuds pj.kksa ij vius ‘kh’k >qdk jgs gSa] rqels igys dkjkxkj ds cafn;ksa us mudh nqxZfr dh FkhA bl rjg

foods ds lkFk eSa ml O;fDr dk O;ogkj lgrk jgkA vkt lksyg o”kZ chr pqds Fks] iajrq vHkh rd eSa

17

Ikkarty ;ksxlw=] lekf/kikn lw=&10

44

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fu’fpr :i esa ;g ugha dg ldrk fd ml euq”; dks tSls fd dqN cafn;ksa dk dguk Fkk& eq>s ekufld ;kruk,a fnykdj esjk rstkHkax

djus ds fy, gh gsrqiwoZd fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk vFkok mldk ml rjg dk O;ogkj ek= lgkuqHkwfriw.kZ okfg;kriu FkkA dqN Hkh gks]

mldk og xhr vkt Hkh esjs dkuksa esa xwat jgk gS]^ vtc rsjh dqnjr vtc rsjk [ksy] edM+h ds tky esa Qalk;k gS ‘ksjA ,d fnu eSaus

mlls dgk] ^^ dqN lekpkj lqukvksA** mlus dgk] ^^dSlk lekpkj\ nknk] bu yksxksa ds dkj.k vki O;FkZ ejs vkSj vc Hkh vkidks

mudk eksg ugha NwVrk\ vksg] dSls yksx vkSj dSlk yksdfgr\ ns[kks] vki idM+s x,A ckdh lkjs cqjdksa esa fNi x,A fdlh us pwa rd dh

gks rks ‘kiFk! dSlk lekpkj! vjs] vki ejs nqfu;k MwchA**

vdZ gSa vdZ

gky gh esa baXySaM esa jkT;kjksg.k lekjksg gqvk rks cafn;ksa esa ;g vQokg mM+ xbZ Fkh fd bl volj ij NwV feysxhA og goynkj esjs

lkFk ckr djds x;k gh Fkk] brus esa ,d vkSj vf/kdkjh] tks eq>s dHkh&dHkh dqN lekpkj nsrk Fkk] vk x;kA mls i= i<+us esa :fp

ugha FkhA ijarq eq>s lekpkj nsus Fks] blfy, og FkksM+s i= NkaV jgk FkkA mlus tYnh ls vkrs gq, dgk] ^^ enzkl esa v’ks uke ds ,d

dysDVj dks& ,d ‘kkDr czkã.k us¹18 xksyh ls mM+k fn;kA lquk gS] fpnacj fiYyS ds izdj.k ls ml vf/kdkjh dk dqN laca/k FkkA ** og

goynkj tc nksigj esa iqUk% vk;k rks esjh vksj ?kwjrs gq, mlus dgk] ^^ D;ksa egkjkt] enzkl esa vkidk dksbZ Lusgh jgrk gS!**

^^bl canh’kkyk esa jgdj Hkyk eSa dSls tku ldrk gwa fd dkSu dgka gS vkSj FkksM+h nsj igys vki gh us rks dgk Fkk fd tks dksbZ g S a os

cqjds esa cSBs gSaA dgus Hkj ds fy, Hkh os pwa rd ugha djrs gq, dgk ^^vdZ gSa vdZ] vorkjh gSa ;sA ^^bldk fuf’pr vFkZ vkt rd EkSa

ugha tku ldkA gks ldrk gS] mls lansg gqvk gks fd enzkl dh tks okŸkkZ mlus lquh] og eSaus Hkh lquh gksxh vkSj esjs mŸkj dk O;aX;

mlus le>k gksA

mius=ksa dh uhykeh

ml le; esjs ikl esjh viuh dsoy nks phtsa Fkh& ,d esjs mius= ¼,sud½ vkSj nwljh ,d vkus dh NksVh lh vaxqykdkj xhrkA ;s nks

oLrq,a gh esjh laifŸk FkhA iajrq vkt losjs goynkj us bu nks oLrqvksa dh Hkh ekax dh]^^lkgc ekaxrk gSA** esjh

18

mldk uke okaNw v¸;j FkkA

45

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk fd mius= dh ekax D;ksa\ FkksM+h nsj ckn lqifjVsaMsaV vk;kA eSaus iwNk]^^mius= D;ksa fy, x,\** mlus crk;k]

^^jkT;Økafr ds vijk.k esa rqEgkjh lkjh phtsa tCr¹19 dh tk,a] ,slk naM gksus ds dkj.k mu oLrqvksa dks tCr fd;k x;k gSA foyk;r esa

tc vki idM+s x, rc vkids ikl ls feys Vaªd] diM+s] iqLrdsa vkfn lHkh lkeku dh vkt [kqys :i esa uhykeh gksxhA tks iSls feysaxs

os ljdkj esa tek gksaxsA**

futh laifŸk ds :i esa ,d vkus dh xhrk vkSj mius=ksa dk Hkh vigj.k fd;k tk,] blls vU; cafn;ksa dks nq%[k gqvk vkSj dqN

flikfg;ksa us Bku yh fd os bl uhykeh esa lkeku ugha [kjhnsaxsA eq>s bl ckr dk irk yxrs gh eSaus mUgsa lwfpr fd;k fd ml lkeku

esa vusd eqY;oku oL= gSaA mUgsa feV~Vh ds eksy fdlh ,sls&xSjs ds [kjhnus ls vPNk gS vki yksx mUgsa [kjhn ysa] blls eq>s larks”k gksxkA

;fn vki tSls làn; ml uhykeh esa PqIih lk/kdj cSBsaxs rks àn;ghu yksx cksyh yxk,axsA vki esjs ns’kca/kq nwj jgs rks dksbZ xksjk ;k uhe

lktsZaV lc ywV ysxkA blls vPNk gS] ;fn vki uhykeh esa cksyh yxk,axs rks diMs+ rFkk lkeku vkids cky&cPpksa ds dke vk,xkA eSa

le>waxk ;s oLrq, ln~dk;Z esa vk xbZA bl rjg eSaus mu lTtu flikfg;ksa dks le>kus dk iz;kl fd;kA nwljs fnu mius= vkSj xhrk eq>s

okil ykSVkbZ xbZ] ijarq esjh dgdj ugha] cafn;ksa dks fn;k tkusokyk ljdkjh lkeku dgdjA

vaneku dk pkyku

vkt dkkx`g esa tgka ns[kks ogka ,d gh xM+cM+ eph gqbZ FkhA vkt vaneku dk pkyku vkusokyk FkkA pkyku gekjs dkjk’kkL= dk ,d

ikfjHkkf”kd ‘kCn gSA dkysikuh dk naM mu cnek’kksa dks fn;k tkrk gS ftUgsa lkjs bykds esa vU; lHkh vijkf/k;ksa ls Hka;dj rFkk u`’kal

le>k tkrk gSA dkysikuh ds bu nafMrksa eas ls tks Hk;adjksa esa Hk;adjre fl} gkssrs gSa] mUgsa vktUe dkjkokl dk naM gksrk gSA mUgsa igys

bykdksa ds LFkkuh; dkjkxkjksa esa j[kk tkrk gS] rRi’pkr~ dqN fnuksa ckn mudh ijh{kk yh tkrh gSA blesa tks Lons’k vkSj Lolekt esa

j[kus ds vik= fl} gksrs gSa] mUgsa muds lacaf/kr fBdkuksa ls Bk.ks Hkstk tkrk gS\ vkSj ogka bu vijkf/k;ksa] tks ns’k ds Hk;adj vlyh

cnek’k fl} gksrs gSa] ds >qaM dks vaneku Hkstus ds fy, dqN fnu rd j[kk tkrk gSA muds bl vxyh ;k=k ds fy, gksus okys vkxeu

dks gh ge cafn;ksa dh ifjHkk”kk esa ^pkyku* dgk tkrk gSA ukeh pksj] funZ;h] [krjukd Mkdw] u`’kal gR;kjs] vkx yxkusokys] mxz

vijkf/k;ksa esa Hkh Hk;kud le>s tkusokys vkfn reke

19

fganqLFkku ds Lora= gksus ds mijkar Hkh lkojdj dks mudh phtsZ ugha ykSVkbZ xbZA mUgksaus Lor% Hkh ugha ekaxhA

46

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


^lTtuksa* dk lewg vkt Bk.ks ds dkjkxkj esa i/kkj jgk FkkA

canh’kkyk esa bl esys ds vkus dk fnol cgqrksa dks ,d mRlo dk fnu izrhr gksrk gS( D;kasfd izR;sd canh ds izk.k bl mdrkgV Hkjs]

uhjl thou ds iasp ls] fdlh Hkh cgkus ls D;ksa u gks] eqfDr ikus ds fy, ?kqy&?kqydj dkaVk curs gSaA pkgs fdlh dkS, dk mM+rs&mM+rs

,dk/k ij fxj iM+s ;k ,d fpfM+;k dks nwljh fpfM+;k ekjus yxs& dksbZ Hkh ubZ] lk/kkj.k lh ?kVuk ,l mdrkgV Hkjs thou esa rfud

euksajtu dk dkj.k curh gS] mlesa jax Hkjrh gS vkSj fQj vkt rks ^pkyku* ds fy, iwoZorhZ ijdksVs dh ,d Hkhr dh vksV esa Lora=

dksBfj;ksa dk ,d fjDr fgLlk vkjf{kr FkkA ,l nkyku dks >kM+&cqgkjdj lkQ djus esa] jk’ku&ikuh ds uki&rkSy dk izca/k djus esa]

diM+ksa dh fxurh esa rFkk vU; <sj lkjs izca/kksa dh mrkoyh esa vk/ks ls vf/kd canh O;Lr Fks vkSj ‘ks”k vk/ks canh mudh ml /kka/kyh rFkk

Rofjr fujh{k.k esa viuh mrkoyh esa O;Lr FksA

pkyku vk x;k

rhu ct jgs FksA izR;sd O;fDr vius fudVorhZ canh ls vkrqjrk ls iwNrk] ^^vjs] vHkh rd* ^pkyku* D;ksa ugha vk;k\** brus esa

dkjkxkj ds }kj ls cafn;ksa esa ls dqN yksx vpkud b/kj&m/kj eqM+rs gq, fn[kkbZ nsus yxsA ^pkyku* vk x;k*] ^dgka vk x;k\*] ^gka&gka]

BsB }kj ij gSA*] ^fdrus gSa\*] ^dSls gSa\ vkkfn iz’uksa rFkk mŸkjksa dh >M+h yx xbZ vkSj cafn;ksa esa gh ugh a vfirq flikfg;ksa esa Hkh HkxnM+

ep xbZ] D;ksafd os Hkh vo’; gh mrus Åc pqds gksaxs ftrus fd ;s canhA brus esa ^>u~&>u~* dh xgjh y;c} >adkj fudV vkus yxhA

izR;sd canhoku vdsyk ;k >qaM cukdj ml ekxZ ds vkl&ikl iy Hkj ds fy, vuq’kklu dks rkd ij j[krs gq, fNidj cSB jgk gSA

vk x;k] pkykku vk x;kA dksbZ vR;ar mxz] dksbZ pV~Vku ln`’k dBksj] dksbZ Hk;adj [kwa[kkj] dksbZ cyoku] dksbZ dkyk dywVk] chp&chp

esa dgha n’kZuh;& bl rjg fofHkUu Lo:i rFkk eqnzk ds os ekuo izk.khA dksbZ Nkrh rkudj vdM+ jgk gS] dksbZ nunukrk gqvk py jgk

gS] tSls dksbZ egku~ ijkØe djds vk jgk gks] dksbZ bl rjg gsdM+h trk jgk gS tSls %ue;rho xfr/kZfj=he~*] rks dksbZ nq%[k Hkkj l s ‘kh’k

>qdk, yTtk ds ekjs ikuh&ikuh gksdj ?kcjkrs gq, b/kj&m/kj ns[krk gqvkA flikfg;ksa ds fu;a=.k esa nks lqfuf’pr i afDr;ksa esa pyrs&pyrs

mudh csfM+;ksa dh y;c} >u>ukgV& ;g lkjk n`’; ns[krs le; ,d rjg dk Hk;adj euksjatu vo’; gks jgk FkkA

47

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Øwj MdSr

og nsf[k, ] ,dk Mkdw& mxz] nk<+h&ewaNs] yacs&yacs ckyA mtM~M&taxyh eksVh&eksVh vkSj Øwj xksYk&xksy ?kwerh vka[ksa] og fla/kh eqlyekuksa

esa ,d NaVk gqvk Øwj Mkdw! Canh ds oL= Hkh cM+h lq?kM+rk ds lkFk cka/kdj] iSjksa dh csfM+;ksa lgtrkiwoZd dej esa cka/kdj viuk fcLrj

cxy esa nck,] fdlh dks Åaph vkokt esa iqdkjrk gqvk] Åaps Loj esa ckr djrs&djrs fdlh fot;h ohj dh rjg ?kwe jgk gSA flikgh

dgrs gSa] nks ckj dkysikuh dh gok [kkdj vk;k gS vkSj vc vkthou dkysikuh ij tk jgk gSA og Lo;a ;g ‘ks[kh c?kkj jgk gS fd og

dkysikuh ij teknkjh dj pqdk gS] ogka mlus viuh ,slh /kkd tekbZ gS fd ,d canhoku ykSaMs dks mldh vuqefr ds fcuk mlds ,d

‘k=q ls cfr;krs ns[kdj MaMs ds ,d gh okj ls mldk flj QksM+dj uhps fxjk fn;kA nwljs fnu og ej gh x;kA ijarq bl nq”V us ;g

fjiksVZ nsdj vius gkFk >kM+ fy,s fd og yM+dk dke djrs le; fdlh dxkj ls fxj iM+kA dkysikuh ij esjh teknkjh iDdh gS&ogka

rks cl tkus Hkj dh nsjh gS& eSa teknkj cukA Qykus lkgc] veqd lkgc] bl izdkj cM+s&cM+s uke ysdj mlus uokxr cafn;ksa dks

pfdr dj fn;kA muesa ls tks dqN de vk;q ds Fks vkSj ftudh Nkrh esa vHkh rd àn; uked dksbZ pht /kM+d jgh Fkh vkSj dkysikuh

tSls naM ls yfTtr Fks] blh rjg dqN vU; canh] ftUgsa bl ckr dh fpark Fkh fd vkxs dSlh dVsxh] mudks ;gh vk’kk Fkh fd vkxs

pydj dgha ;g lpeqp teknkj cuk rks gesa lgkjk nsxk& vr% cspkjs vHkh ls mldh lsok&pkdjh esa yxs jgrs] mldh ^gka th] gka th*

djrsA jkLrs ls cafn;ksa dh ;g Vksyh vkrs gh LVs’ku ij dksbZ dsys] ukfj;y] [kk| oLrq,a] iSls vkfn nku djrsA mlesa ls iSls&oSls feyus

ij ;s canh vius bl ^teknkj* dks ns nsrs vkSj pqids ls mlds iSj jxM+rsA og Hkh mu yksxksa dks fMxhu lkgc ;k fQj ekaVQMZ lkgc

ls dgdj vkt gh eqdkneh dk dke fnyokÅaxk vkfn] tks th esa vk, lks uke ysdj xIisa gkadrk] vkSj viuh HkksxsPNkFkZ muds Hkksysiu

dh cfy p<+krkA

cgu dh gR;k

ns[kks] og yM+dk] vHkh ewaNsa Hkh ugha Hkhxh] vBkjg&mUuhl dh vk;q! HkaxsfM+;ka dh laxr esa ,d fnu Hkax ds u’ks esa viuh cgu dks

blfy, pkdw ?kksai fn;k fd mlus xkyh nhA og rks mlh le; <sj gks xbZ vkSj ;g vc Mjrs] lgers fcNkSus ds cks> rys >qdrh dej

ds lkFk rFkk csfM+;ka mBk, u mBus ds dkj.k yaxM+krs&yaxM+krs] f?klVrk py jgk gSA bl Hk; ls lgek gqvk gS fd ,d ckj dkysikuh

x;k rks viuk xkao vkSj Lotu fQj dc fn[ksaxsA nsf[k,] bu nks fljksa ds chp esa mxzrk] yTtk]

48

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fuyZTtrk rFkk Øwjrk dh fofo/k izfr;ka Øe’k% yxkbZ xbZ Fkh] tks bl f?kukSus HkksaMs tqywl esa csfM+;k [kudkrh gqbZ tk jgh FkhA

ckr&dh&ckr esa og tqywl ijdksVs ds Hkhrj ?kql x;kA muds fujh{k.kkFkZ dkjkf/kdkjh py iM+kA ;g lekpkj feyrs gh izR;sd canh flj

ij ikao j[ks nkSM+k vkSj ;FkkLFkku igqapdj dke dk cgkuk djus yxkA lc Hkksys cus gq, FksA flikgh Hkh fdlh ds tjk lh ^pwa* djrs gh

cjl iM+rs] ^,s D;k ckr gS] dk;ns ls pyks]^ ekuks bl ckr ls loZFkk vufHkK Fks fd ,d {k.k igys b/kj dSlk ?kiYkk epk FkkA vc

rd cafn;ksa ls vf/kd flikfg;ksa dk tks HkhM+&HkM+Ddk rFkk Bsyk& Bsyh py jgh Fkh] og lc tSls ^dk;ns* ls ;k fof/kor~ py jgh FkhA

ijksidkjh vf/kdkjh

nwljs fnu ;g fuf’pr gqvk fd dkysikuh Hkstus ds fy, gekjk LokLF;] vk;q vkfn vuqdwy gS ;k ugha] bldh oS|dh; tkap gks tk,A

,d ijksidkjh vf/kdkjh us eq>ls dgk] ^^ ;fn vki dkysikuh ij ugha tkuk pkgrs rks eq>ls ftruk Hkh cu iM+k] vkidks ;gha j[kus dk

vo’; iz;kl d:axkA** eSaus dgk]^^ vkidh ln~Hkkouk ds fy, eSa vkidk cgqr vkHkkjh gwaA ijarq eq>s fganqLFkku esa j[kuk dnkfpr~ cacbZ

ds xoZuj ds Hkh o’k dh ckr ugha gksxhA vki O;FkZ d”V u djasA** ml fnu iapksa ds lkeus esjh ijh{kk gks xbZA og ijksidkjh vf/kdkjh

Hkh ogka ij mifLFkr Fks ghA eq>s Toj Fkk] ijarq jhfr ds vuqlkj esjk out ysdj eq>s dkysikuh Hkstus dh ik=rk fuf’pr dh xbZA cxy

esa cksfj;k&fcLrj] gkFk esa cjru&csafM+;k >u>ukrs gq, esjk Hkh tqywl fudkyk x;kA eSa Hkh ml ijdksVs ds }kj ds Hkhrj ?kql x;kA ml

}kj dh nsgjh ij dkysikuh ds flag}kj dh nsgjh FkhA eSaus mls ikj fd;k] fganqLFkku ls ukrk VwV x;kA vaneku ds fy, esk izLFkku gqvkA

49

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&4

vaneku ds fy, izLFkku

Bk.ks ds dkjkx`g esa dsoy vaneku dkk pkyku can djus ds fy, gh tks Lora= ijdksVs dk Hkkx Fkk] mlesa vFkkZr~ vaneku ds ml }kj ds

vanj ikao j[krs gh ftl dksBjh esa eq>s can fd;k x;k Fkk] og dksBjh ;|fi vdsyh Fkh rFkkfi mlls ,d ds ckn ,d yxh gqbZ dksBfj;ksa

esa vaneku tk jgs lkjs cafn;ksa ds Hkjs gksus vkSj Hkkstu djrs&?kqers muds Hkk”k.k] mlkalsa] jksuk vkSj galuk ;g lc ;quus vkSj ns[kus ls

cgqr fnu ds esjs eu dks ml nq%[k esa Hkh dqN vkuan vk, fcuk u jgkA eSaus mu cafn;ksa dk ^galuk* tks dgk] og lp gSA nq%[k vkSj

;krukvksa dh Hk;inz lqjax ds nq%[k dh vfr esa galuk gh gj rjg dh galh esa fodV gksrk gSA nq%[k dk Hkkj vlguh; gksus vFkok

fuYkZTtrk ds da/ks ls mls gyds ls Qsad nsus ls nq%[k Hkh f[kyf[kykus yxrk gSA ‘kksd Hkh mlh rjg galrk gS] ftl rjg g”kZ dk vfrjsd

gksus ij og jksrk gSA dgk tkrk gS fd Ýkal dh jkT;Økafr ds nkSjku veku”k jDrjatu o/k] gR;kvksa] Qkalh vkSj ekjdkV dh isfjl esa

vfr gks xbZ Fkh] vkSj ,slh Hkh”k.k fLFkfr gks xbZ Fkh fd vkt iz/kkuea=h cus vkSj dy QkalhA ml le; tks ukV~;x`g dHkh brus ugha

Hkjrs Fks] os Hkh [kpk[kp Hkjs jgrs Fks vkSj e/kq’kkyk,a] ØhM+ky; lrr ukp&xkukas] galh&dgdgksa ls xwatrs jgrs FksA

mUeqDr gkL;

fiNys egk;q} esa Hkh ;gh vuqHko gqvkA teZu iuMqfCc;ksa ds vf/kdkfj;ksa rFkk ukfodksa dks ;q} esa lHkh lSfudksa ls vf/kd d”Vizn rFkk

ekjd lsok djuh iM+hA mUgsa rRdky vius izk.k gFksyh ij ysdj lkxj esa xksrs yxkus iM+rs vkSj leqnz ds xHkZ esa iy&iy e`R;q dh

vis{kk djrs ekjus dk dke djuk iM+rkA ml Hk;izn vfuf’pr ds /kwe&/kM+kds esa dHkh&dHkh ;s iuMqfCc;ka fdlh rVh; ‘kgj esa vkdj

foJke

50

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


djrha] rc mrus ls vYi dky esa Hkksx&foykl ds fy, tks fogkjky; cuk, x, Fks] muesa ls dbZ esa ;g /;s; okD; gksrk&^,UtkW; fVy

nkm xks,LV eSM! ,UtkW; QkWj Vqekjksa oh Mk;!!* ¼galks csVk] bruk galks fd mUekn gks tk,] D;kasfd dy rqEgsa djky dky dk xzkl tks

cuuk gS!½ bl rjg ds ØhM+ky;ksa esa mUeqDr gkL;&gqYyM+ lH;rk lHkh fu;fer ca/kuksa dks iSjksa rys dqpydj fnu&jkr mPNa[ky rkaMo

djrh jgrh A og gkL; tkurk Fkk fd vkt tks mldk uke bl rkaMo iVy Ikj gS] ogh mldk dy e`R;q ds ljdkjh iVy ij nTkZ

fd;k tk,xkA rkRdkfyd nq%[k dk gkL; lHkh gkL;ksa esa fodV gksrk gSA

mu lHkh oLrqvksa ls] tks thou dks je.kh;rk iznku djrh gSa] oafpr gksdj Hkh ml dkjkokl esa] tgka gq, i’kq Hkh Fkj&Fkj dkairs gSa]

csfM+;ksa esa tdM+s] iki djrs&djrs cs’keZ gks x,] iki ls iwjk ifjp; u gksus ds dkj.k th rksM+&rksM+dj [kkusokys] Øks/k esa yky&ihyk

gksdj dq<+rs jgus okys vkSj nq%[k ls fgpfd;ka Hkj&Hkjdj jksusokys lSdM+ksa tho djkgrs gq, gh lgh] tksj&tksj ls Bgkds yxk jgs FksA

rhoz ladV ds euksjatukFkZ lk/kkj.k fouksn i;kZIr u gksus ls chHkRl fouksn :ih nk: dh cksrysa xVdrs gq, os u’ks eas >we&>wedj py

jgs FksA dksbZ fla/k dk] dksbZ /kkjokM+ dk] dksbZ dksad.k dk] dksbZ xqtjkr dk fuoklhA mudh fofHkUu Hkk”kk,a Hkys gh muds euks fopkj rFkk

euksfodkj dks iwjh rjg vfHkO;Dr djus eas jgus dk volj ikdj lkekftd vkuan esa {k.k Hkj dks eXu gks x;k FkkA lka> dh osyk

vFkkZr~ bl fonzksg gsrw mBh chHkRl Hkkoukvksa rFkk fouksn ds uaxs ukp dh osykA gj dksBjh ls ph[kus&fpYykus] xkyh&xykSt] Bgkdksa]

vuqPpkj.kh; ‘kCnksa dk th Hkjdj mPpkj vkfn ckrksa dh jsyisy gksrh vkSj mlesa Hkh FkksM+h lh drZO;fu”Bk dh xa/k vkrhA euq”; LoHkko

fdruk fofp= gS! ;s v/ke&ls&v/ke O;fDr ;gh le>rs fd bl rjg chHkRl gqYyM+ckth djuk viuk ije drZO; gSA eu dks tc rd

;g le> esa ugaha vkrk fd v/kerk Hkh viuk ,d drZO; gS&v/ke O;fDr ;gh le>rs fd bl rjg chHkRl gqYyM+ckth djuk viuk

ije drZO; gSA eu dks tc rd ;g le> esa ugaha vkrk fd v/kerk Hkh viuk ,d drZO; gS&v/ke O;fDr ljsvke v/kerk ugha dj

ldrkA mu cafn;ksa esa vHkh Hkh ikuh ‘ks”k gS vkSj blfy, bl uaxs u`R; esa cs/kM+d fgLlk ysus dk fuYZkTt lkgl vHkh rd ugha dj lds

Fks] fpYyk&fpYykdj dgrs] ^,s HkkbZ] xkvksA ,s lkyk] fpYyk u! vjs vius pkyku ds uke dk Madk ctuk pkfg, u! fiNyh ckj tc

ge ;gka vk, rc njoktksa ds lh[kpksa dks idM+&idM+dj mUgsa tksj&tksj ls fgykrs vkSj cjru nhokj ij ekjrs jgs] flikgh fxM+fxM+kdj

iSj idM+us

51

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


yxs vkSj mUgksaus gjsd dks pqipki rekdw Fkekk nhA HkbZ] xyk QkM+&QkM+dj fpYykvksa pkyku dk uke er MqcksukA*

pkyku dk uke

D;kasfd pkyku dkjktxr~ dh ,d eguh; laLFkk gh cu xbZ Fkh] blfy, mldk uke dksbZ lk/kkj.k ckr ugha FkhA ml pkyku ds lHkkln

dk mPp Lfkku gesa lgtrk ls ugha feyk FkkA iqfyl pkSdh] eftLVªsV] dksVZ] ls’ku] T;wjh] gkbZdksVZ vkfn dbZ ijh{kkvksa esa [kjk mrjk

vFkok p<+k euq”; gh vktUe dkjkokl] dkysikuh dh izfr”Bk izkIr dj ikrk gSA frlij Hkh pqu&pqudj tks fofHkUu jkT;ksa ds izfrfuf/k

:ih cnek’k ;gka vk, Fks] mu cnek’kksa dh ;g izeq[k laLFkk FkhA mldk iwokZij ykSfdd :i ,slk Fkk fd Fkkus esa pkyku dk vkxeu

gksrs gh flikgh] goynkj] tsyj] lqifjVsaMsaV lHkh fparkeXu gksus pkfg,] nhokjsa VwVuh pkfg,] lh[kpsa m[kM+us pkfg,] flj QwVus pkfg,]

nks&,d flikfg;ksa dks mudh ^gka th] gka t* djrs gq, tSls&rSls viuh tku cpkuh pkfg,& rHkh mls pkyku dgk tk,xk&rHkh mldk

uke lkFkZd gksxkA vU;Fkk] cnek’kksa ds os vkpk;Z] dqYkxq: uwru lnL;ksa dks izksRlkfgr djrs gq, dgrs]^fQj cnek’kh D;ksa\ ;gh pkyku

dh iwoZ ijaijk gSA vkt bl ukephu laLFkk dk laPkkyu gekjs gkFk esa vkus ds dkj.k gekjk drZO; gS fd ge og ijaijk fuHkk,aA ph[kk s]

fpYykvksa] ukpks xkfy;ka nksA pkyku dk uke jks’ku djuk pkfg, u HkkbZ!*

vkSj cafn;ksa esa tks ml chHkRl fouksn rFkk fuYkZTt O;ogkj dk uaxk u`R; dj jgs Fks] os dqN va’kksa esa drZO; Hkkouk ls mŸksftr gksdj gh

,slk dj jgs FksA chp esa gh dksbZ fuyZTt f’kjksef.k ph[krk] ^pkyku dk uke jkf[k;ks] HkkbZ! vkSj fQj lhfV;ka rkfy;ka] csfM+;ks a dh

>u>ukgV dh /kek&pkSdM+h ‘kq:A iwokZij pys vk, bl pkyku dk ^,oa izofrZra pØa ukuqorZ;rhg ;%A v?kk;qfjfnza;kjkeks eks?ka ikFkZ l

thofrAA* bl rjg mnkŸk cqf} ls os lkjs yksx nl&ckjg cts rd ml uhp drZO; dks fuHkkus dk iz;kl djrs jgsA pkyku ds bl

laLFkkxr vfHkeku ds lkeus D;k flikgh] D;k lqifjVsaMsaV lHkh viuk lkjk cM+Iiu rkd ij j[kdj xqipqi rekdw yks] fpYykvks] ckr

djks] ij vkil esa /kheh vkokt esa vkSj fdlh izdkj Bk.ks ds bl dkjkx`g ls Hkkx u tk,a] ;g lko/kkuh j[krs gq,A iqfyl vQljksa dk s

mrus gh canh fxu fn,] ftrus fy, Fks rc le>ks xaxk ugk x,] vkSj bl rjg ukd esa ne gksus ij fu<ky gks tkrsA drZO;&deZ ogh gS

fd ftldh iz’kalk ftl lekt esa ge jgrs gSa] mldk cgqtu lekt djrk gSA ;g lk/kkj.k lgt Hkkouk gSA bl fo/kku dk iks”kd

mnkgj.k

52

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


bl pkyku ds laLFkkxr vfHkeku ls dqN ijs <wa<+uk vko’;d ugha gSA ftl lekt esa chHkRl fouksn drZO; fl} gksrk gS] ml lekt esa

og O;fDr ikih rFkk lekt&fuafnr fl} gksxk gh] tks bl rjg ds fouksn esa lfEefyr ugha gksrkA gksyh ds R;ksgkj esa tks xkscj ls ugha

[ksyrk] ogh vf’k”V fl} gksrk gS vkSj lekt mldh vksj migkl rFkk frjLdkj cqf} ls ns[krk gSA

ckfyLVj dh izfr”Bk

ml jkr esjh Hkh voLFkk dqN ,slh gh gks tkrh] ijarq lkSHkkX;o’k ^cSfjLVj* vkSj ^cM+k lkgc* ds :i esa ftls&frl ds eqag esa viuk

cksyckyk FkkA cafn;ksa esa vkSj muesa Hkh ?kqVs gq, cnek’k vijkf/k;ksa esa] ;fn fdlh oxZ ds fo”k; esa lgt vknjHkko rFkk Hk; mRiUu gksrk

gS] rks og ^cSfjLVj* oxZ ds fo”k; esa gSA dfo] fo}ku] lkfŸod tuksa ds laca/k esa mudh dksbZ fo’ks”k Hkkouk ugha gksrh] Hkys gh og vaxsztksa

dk iz/kkuea=h gh D;ksa u gksA ijarq ^cSfjLVj* dgrs gh vknjfefJr vk’p;Z Hkko ls Hk`dqfV;ka rkudj muds eq[k ls Hkh ^vPNk!* fudy

gh tkrk gSA bldk dkj.k HKh Li”V gSA pksjh] mPkDdh] Mkdstuh] U;k;y; rFkk dkjkx`g esa mudk lkjk tUe O;rhr gksrk gSA m/kj

muds erkuqlkj lgt gh ^ckfyLVj* drqZedrqZeU;FkkdrqZe~ leFkZ ,d vf}rh; izk.kh izrhr gksxk gh] D;kasfd og muds vR;ar dq’kyrkiwoZd

cqus gq, ikiksa ds tky viuh dq’kkxz cqf} }kjk fNUu&fofNUu djrk gS vFkok blds foijhr muds Li”V xkspj vijk/kksa dks viuh cqf}

dh <ky ds uhps fNikdj mUgsa funksZ”k&cjh tks djk nsrk gSA mudk bl izk.kh ls Mjuk LokHkkfod gSA mlls gkFk feykus ds fy,] mlls

fe=rk djus ds fy, os LokHkkfod :i ls iz;kl djrs gSaA izkphudky esa ckn’kkg vkSj chjcy dh lqjl dFkk,a nwj&nwj rd Qsyh gSaA

Hkys gh esjh ^ckfyLVjh* dk esjs fy, dksbZ mi;ksx u gqvk gks] rFkkfi bruk mi;ksx rks ;gka vo’; gks x;kA fdruk gh cM+k cnek’k D;ksa

u gks] esjs lkeus >V ls uez cu tkrk A

ml jkr eSa lyk[kksa ls can }kj ds fudV [kM+k jgdj chHkRlrk dk og uaxk u`R; lqu&ns[k jgk FkkA cgqr fnuksa ds Ik’pkr~ brus Loj

rFkk dksykgy lqu jgk FkkA ,dkarokl ls esjk eu fpM+fpM+k gks x;k Fkk] ogh larIr eu ml chHkRlrk] HkksaMsiu ls /k`.kk dj ihNs gVus

dh ctk; euksfodkjksa ds foLQksV ls vkx yxkA feV~Vh ds rsy dk duLrj tSls ,dne yisVk sa esa f?kj tk,& mlds mtkys esa og rek’kk

ns[krk jgk vkSj ns[krs&ns[krs gh ml dkj.k rFkk Lo:i dk rkfŸod i`FkDdj.k Hkh djrk jgkA Hkys gh O;fDrxr nq%[k ls eu O;kdqy gks]

rFkkfi ml xM+cM+>kys esa eu viuk

53

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


nq%[k&nnZ Hkwydj ?kM+h Hkj ds fy, og rek’kk ns[ks fcuk vU; dqN dj Hkh ugha ldrk] bruk mu yksxksa ds Bgkdksa dk ‘kksj gks jgk FkkA

eaSus mlesa izR;{k fgLlk ugha fy;k rFkk pkyku us ;g dgrs gq, mldh vis{kk dh fd ^ckfyLVj lkgc dks rax er djksA* bruk gh

ugha]X;kjg cts jkr dks tc mudk gaxkek f’k[kj ij igqap x;k rc flikfg;ksa us muls dgk]^^lkc dks uhan ugha vk jgh gS] vr% rqe

Hkh vc lks tkvksA** ;g dgrs gh mu flikfg;ksa us muls dgk] ^^ckfyLVj lkc dks uhan ugha vk jgh gS] vr% rqe Hkh vc lks tkvksA**

;g dgrs gh mu cafn;ksa esa ls izk;% lHkh cafn;ksa us ph[kuk&fpYykuk can fd;k vkSj fQj yxHkx ckjg cts jkr esjh vka[k yx xbZA

izkr% dk Lej.k gks vk;k fd esjs T;s”B ca/kq ckckjko tc vktUe dkjkokl*¹20 ij x,] rc os blh rjg ds fdlh pkyku ds lkFk x,

gksaxs vkSj mlls igys ;gha&dgha mUgsa can j[kk x;k gksxkA vr% okWMZj ls iwNk] ij og u;k Fkk] dqN ugha tkurk FkkA ,d iqjkus flikgh

us FkksM+h lh [kkstchu djrs gq, dgk]^^mUgsa blh dksBjh esa can fd;k x;k Fkk] tgka vkt eq>s j[kk x;k gSA** og flikgh pyk x;kA esjh

vka[kksa ds lkeus esjs T;s”B ca/kq dh ewfrZ [kM+h gks xbZ A muds vfHk;ksx ds le; esjs lkFk tks yksxk Fks] muls eq>s Kkr gks x;k Fkk fd

tsy esa mUgsa dM+h ;a=uk,a lguh iM+hA eq>s mudh ;a=uk,a Hkh fn[kkbZ nsus yxhA mudh og nsg eq>s fn[kkbZ nsus yxh] tks ;kruk,a ls

O;kdqy izk.k gksus ij mu d”Vksa ds ‘kkjhfjd rFkk ekufld vk?kkr lgrh gqbZ [kM+h Fkh] tSls ,d ckj cgdk gqvk gBh xtjkt vius

xaMLFky ij rh{.k&ls&rh{.k vk?kkrksa dks ^mQ* rd u djrs gq, lgrk gS vkSj vfM_;y cuk vpy [kM+k jgrk gSA bl dksBjh esa og

ohj iq:”k lyk[kksa ds ikl mlh rjg gkFk eyrk gqvk [kM+k jgk gksxk tSls i{khjkt x:M+ fiatjs ds ikl >qa>ykrk] >Yykrk gqvk jgrk

gSA esjh fpark rks ugha djrs gksaxs\ ;k eu esa ;g rks ugha dgrs gksaxs& D;k gqvk eSa pyk x;k rks\ og rks ihNs gS u\ fQj fpark dkgs

dh\ og ns[k ysxkA ;fn ;g dgrs gksaxs rks vc eq>s Hkh blh vkgr gksrs ns[kdj mUgsa dSlk izrhr gksxk\ mUgsa fdruk vk?kkr igqapsxk\

blls vPNk gS] ;fn muls esjh izR;{k HksaV u gks vkSj eq>s fHkUu&fHkUu okMksZa esa j[kk tk,A

esjs fopkj ls ;fn eq> vdsys dks gh naM Hkqxruk iM+rk rks esjs eu dks mu osnukvksa dk] tks eSaus Hkqxrh gS] ipkloka fgLlk gh Hkksxuk

ugha iM+rkA ijarq ,d rks eSa viuh osnuk,a lgrk Fkk vkSj mlh le; ;fn esjh vka[kksa ds lkeus esjs vxzt dks Hkh] tks eq>s Hkxoku~

ln`’k iwT; gS] eq>ls Hkh vf/kd ;a=uk,a >syrs gq, eq>s ns[kuk iM+rk] lquuk iM+rk rks ml le; esjh lgu’kfDr ,slh HkjHkjkrh tSls

rwQku esa

20

x.ks’k ¼ckckjko½ nkeksnj lkojdj dks twu 1901 ds fnu vkthou dkjkokl dk naM fn;k x;k FkkA

54

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dksbZ izpaM oVo`{k dM+dM+ djrk HkjHkjkdj /kkjk’kk;h gks tkrk gSA esjk dystk Nyuh gks tkrkA

,d fo’oklh vf/kdkjh ls iwNk ^^;gka mUgsa dksbZ d”V rks ugha fn;k x;k Fkk\** mlus dgk] ^^oSls rks ugha gqvk] ij vkids vfHk;ksxh

¼vfHk;ksx esa tks lg vfHk;qDr gksrs gSa] mUgsa dkjkx`g esa ^dks&,D;wTM* dgk tkrk gS½ dgk djrsA** mudk ;g vk’oklu lqudj FkksM+h

jkgr feyhA de&ls&de bl dejs esa rks os pSu dh uhan lksrs gksaxsA eSaus mlh vf/kdkjh ls Jh okeujko tks’kh121

] lkse.k222

vkfn lg

vfHk;qDrksa dh Bk.ks dh tkudkjh pkghA

Pkys HkS;k dkykikuh

nks&pkj fnu esa vaneku izLFkku djus ds fy, lHkh cafn;ksa dh ml lsuk dks ckgj fudkyk x;kA vU; cafn;ksa ds lkFk eSa Hkh dksBjh ds

ikl RkS;kj gksdj [kM+k jgkA iSjksa esa csfM+;ka] vaneku ds fy, ,d vaxksNk] ,d pn~nj vkSj ,d caMh& bl rjg dk os’k] cxy esa

tSls&rSls nck;k gqvk VkV vkSj dacy dk fcLrj] ftls ml VkV ds [kqnjsiu rFkk dBksjrk ds dkj.k yisVuk dfBu gks jgk Fkk vkSj ,d

gkFk esa Vhu ds ^Fkkyh ikV*A iqUk% og Vksyh ,d iafDr esa rkyc} csfM+;ka >Uk>ukrh gqbZ pyhA tks dksbZ Hkh fn[ks] mls ^jke&jke] pys

HkS;k dkykikuh* dgrs gq, jke&jke dk vknku&iznku djrh gqbZ og Vksyh py jgh FkhA

tsy ds }kj ij vkrs gh og Vksyh ckgj fudyhA flikfg;ksa dk canwd rkus igjk LkTt gks x;k vkSj ml iafDr dks ysdj vkxs c<+ x;kA

LVs’ku rd os iSny pys iajrq eq>s mlesa lfEefyr ugha fd;k x;kA Hkyk ,slk D;ksa\ eq>s fpark gksus yxhA brus esa ,d eksVj vk xbZA

nks gV~Vs&dV~Vs xksjs vf/kdkjh ckgj fudysA eSA Hkhrj cSB x;k] fQj os cS x, vkSj eksVj can gks xbZA u tkus dSls iajrq ‘kgj vkSj

LVs’ku ij ;g ckr QSy xbZ Fkh fd eSa vkt gh dkykikuh izLFkku dj jgk gwaA ftl ekxZ ls canh tkrs gSa] ml ekxZ ij esjk Hkh n’kZu

gksxk] blh vkl esa yksx gj izdkj ls iz;kl djds fNi&fNidj Vkirs tes gq, Fks] vr% eq>s xqipqi vU; ekxZ ls ys tkuk vko’;d FkkA

;g ,d dkj.k Fkk vkSj nwljh ckr ;g fd eaS eklsZfyl ls Hkkxk gqvk vkSj os xqIr “kM~;a= ds fnu! Uk tkus dkSu dgka dSlk “kM~;a=

jpdj esjh eqfDr dk iz;kl djs&D;k dg ldrs gSaA lgt Mx Hkjrs mu fnuksa lqjax mM+rh FkhA ,slh fLFkfr esa eklasZfyl

21 tSDlu gR;k esa vfHk;qDr&bUgsa Hkh vktUe dkjkokl naM gqvk FkkA

22 ‘kadj jkepanz lkse.k&bUgsa Hkh tSDlu gR;k “kM~;a= esa naM gks pqdk FkkA

55

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dk izekn fQj ls u nksgjk;k tk,] blfy, eq>s LVs’ku ij ml tu&leqnk; esa ls iSny ys tkus dh ctk; Lora= eksVj esa ys tk;k

x;kA

bl rjg tc&tc eq>s Lora= eksVj ls fo’ks”k O;oLFkk ds lkFk dgha ys tk;k tkrk rc&rc cafn;ksa esa esj s laca/k esa cM+Iiu dh /kkj.kk

gksrh]^og D;k] og rks HkS;k] jktk gS jktk! ns[kks mls eksVj nh xbZA og gekjs lkFk iSj ?klhVrs iSny FkksM+s gh vk,xk!* dksbZ dgrk]

^ljdkj mlls Mjrh gSA ns[kks] dSls eksVjdkj yk nhA* eklsZfyl ds tgkt ls Hkkxus ds iz;klksa ds tks ykHk gq, muesa ls ;g Hkh ,d

ykHk gqvk fd eksVj dh [kwc lSj gks xbZ vkSj mlls cafn;ksa esa esjs laca/k esa tks ldkj.k&vdkj.k vknjHkko Fkk vkSj ftlds fy, ljdkjh

vf/kdkjh MVdj iz;Ru’khy Fks fd og vknjHkko u cus] c<+rk gh pyk x;kA

LVs’ku ij vkrs gh eq>s ,d Lora= fMCcs esa Bwalk x;kA esjs gkFkksa esa tks gFkdM+h Fkh] mldk nwljk fljk ,d Hkhedk; vaxszt vf/kdkjh ds

gkFk ls tdM+k gqvk FkkA esjs fy, ml cspkjs dks gFkdM+h iguuh iM+hA esjs iSjksa esa csfM+;ka rks Fkh gh] gkFk esa gFkdM+h FkhA bruk gh ugha

vfirq mlus esjs nwljs gkFk dks Hkh dl fy;k FkkA /kksrh [kksaluh gks rks mlds gkFk ls [kksaluh iM+rhA ml vf/kdkjh ds gkFk ls esjk gkFk

cka/kus ds dkj.k ‘kkSp] y?kq ‘kadk lc fof/k;ka lkFk&lkFk] lksuk Hkh lkFk&lkFkA dbZ ;k=kvksa esa bl izdkj dk f?kukSukiu rFkk d”V lguk

iM+kA

eq>s fMCcs esa Bwalk x;kA ijarq ,slk ugha fd fdlh us eq>s ns[kk gh ughaA tks yksx m/kj mRlqdrko’k vk, gq, Fks mUgsa nwj [knsM +k tkrkA

ijarq dqN lwjksfi;u Hkh ns[kus ds fy, vk, FksA os fMCcs ds ikl vkrs] muesa ls dqN yksx can f[kM+fd;ka [kksydj nsk f’k”V ‘kCn

f’k”VrkiwoZd cksyrs vFkok mn~naMrkiwoZd ns[kdj pys tkrsA mu ij dM+h ikca/kh ugha FkhA xkM+h NwVus ds ckn tgka&tgka og [kM+h gksrh]

ml LVs’ku ij igqapus ls igys esjs fMCcs dh lkjh f[kM+fd;ka can dj nh tkrhA tc ls baXYkSaM NwVk] eSaus dHkh [kqyh f[kM+fd;ks okys fMCCks

esa cSBdj ;k=k dh gh ughaA ijarq bl LVS’ku ij esjs lkFk vk, gq, ,d vf/kdkjh us u tkus igys ls gh ogka ds fons’kh yksxksa ls D;k

lkaBxkaB dh Fkh] esjs fMCcs dh f[kM+fd;ka [kksy nh xbZA dkQh xksjs yksx FkksM+h&FkksM+h nwjh ij [kM+s FksA eSaus ns[kk] muesa ls dqN yksxksa us

mRlqdrk ds vkos’k esa viuh eseksa dks da/kksa ij mBk;k gqvk FkkA ,d us eq>s ladsr fd;k] f[kM+dh ds ikl [kM+s jgksA eSa [kM+k jgk rks

^There’s he, that is Savarkar* dk gYyk lqukbZ fn;kA ;s xksjs yksx Hkh] ftUgksaus eq>s ns[kus ds fy, ogka HkhM+ yXkkbZ Fkh] bruk fudV

ugha vk ik, fd eq>ls nks ckrsa djsaA pkj&iakp xksjs vkdj pys x,] ijarq eSaus Lo;a igy djds fdlh dk uke ugha iwNkA muds laHkk”k.k

esa izk;%A vknjHkko vkSj de&ls&de f’k”Vrk rks

56

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fn[kkbZ nsrh FkhA bDdk&nwDdk xksjk mn~naM gksrk FkkA ;fn bl rjg dksbZ vkrk rks og esjh eqnzk Hkh oSlh gh ikrkA vkrk vkSj tkrk] EkSa

Hkh mls dqN ugha fxurkA

eksxykbZ eSnku

izk;% esjs fMCcs dh f[kM+fd;ka can jgrh A fMCcs ds nwljs fgLls esa] tks yksgs ds lh[kpksa ls esjs fgLls ls vyx fd;k x;k Fkk] dkysikuh ds

lkjs canh /kekpkSdM+h epk jgs gSaA xjeh ds fnuA vaxkj cjlkrh fpyfpykrh /kwi] vlguh; melA dksbZ ckjkr Hkh mRlokFkZ ;k=k dj

jgh gksrh rks Hkh mls ;k=k lq[kn ugha yxrhA frlij eSa rks dkysikuh ds vkthou dkjkokl ds fy, tk jgk FkkA fMCcs ds ckgj eksxykbZ

eSnku vkaos dh rjg ri jgs FksA Hkhrj ml fMCcs esa mel dh mruh gh rhozrk ls vax&vax NviVk jgk Fkk vkSj ml Å”ek dh rhozrk

rFkk NviVkgV mruh gh vlguh; Fkh ftruh var%dj.k fLFkfr Å”ek dhA bl fLFkfr esa og jsy eksxykbZ eSnku esa ls gksrh enzkl pyhA

tc eu vf/kd VwVrk rks :l ls lkbcsfj;k tkr jktuhfrd cafn;ksa dh Vksfy;kas dh ;k=k esa tks nqxZ/k cuh Fkh] mldk Lej.k djds eSa

vius eu dks le>krk] ^vjs] vHkh Hkksxk gh D;k gS reus\ ;g dksbZ dgus dh ckr FkksMs+ gh gS\ tks djsxk lks HkjsxkA tks Hkjsxk lks

djsxkA*

xkao ds ihNs xkao] uxjksa ds ihNs uxj NksM+rh gqbZ] ou&miou] ioZr] unh&ukyksa dks ikj djrh og jsyxkM+h fdlh gM+dkbZ gqbZ ‘ksjuh dh

rjg eq>s eqga esa nck, Hkkxrh tk jgh FkhA gk;&gk;! ftruh rhoz xfr ds lkFk og eq>s viuh ekr`Hkwfe ls dkysikuh dh vksj [khaprh

gqbZ ys tk jgh gS mruh gh rhoz xfr ls og dkysikuh ls viuh ekr`Hkwfe ij eq>s dc yk,xh\ dHkh yk,xh HKh fd ugha\ dSls yk,xh\

;g vk’kk djuk ,d ekufld vk’p;Z gh gSA lkbcsfj;k esa Hkh^:l! gk; esjk :l* djrs&djrs esjs Hkh izk.k i[ks: mM+ tk,axsA

enzkl vk x;kA ysy ls mrjrs gh eq>s ,d rjQ lHkh cafn;ksa ls vyx djds igjs esa j[kk x;kA xkM+h ds lkFk ,d ;wjksfi;u vf/kdkjh

cM+h nwj ls vk;k FkkA gks ldrk gS] og jsy dk vf/kdkjh gks ;k iqfyl dk A og gj nks&rhu LVs’kuksa ds I’pkr~ mu vkf/kdkfj;ksa esa] tks

esjh fuxjkuh ds fy, fu;qDr fd, x, Fks] fdlh ,d ls dqN ckr djds eq>s ns[kdj okil ykSVrkA laHkor% vc og eq>s NksM+dj okil

ykSV jgk gksA esjs ikl vkdj og ckr djus yxk] mldk xyk :a/kk gqvk Fkk] ^^Good bye, Friend! ¼ vyfonk fe=!½ eq>s yxrk gS]

vki izHkq d`ik ls fnlacj esa jkT;kjksg.k ds

57

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


le; eqDr gksaaxsA** eSaus dgk] ^^ vkidh ‘kqHkdkeuk ds fy, vkHkkjh gwaA ijarq gekjs ?kko brus gjs gSa fd brus ‘kh?kz dSls Hkjs axs\ bl rjg

dh vk’kk ij fuHkZj jguk ew[kZrk gh gksxhA** mUgksaus brus vk’oLr Loj esa dgk] tSls fd og trkuk pkgrs Fks fd vf/kdkjh gksus ds ukrs

os dqN fo’ks”k tkurs gSa] ^^eq>ij fo’okl j[kksA vki vo’; eqDr gksaxsA vPNk] vkils fonk ysrk gwaA vkids /khjksnkŸk vkpj.k dh vfeV

Nki ¼This your dignified courage½ esjs eu ij vafdr gks xbZ gSA** vU; vf/kdkjh Hkh fonk ysrs gq, pys x,A eklsZfyl dh

yach&pkSM+h xIisa lwuus ds dkj.k mudh ;gh /kkj.kk cuh Fkh fd bl ;k=k eas Hkh eSa mUgsa cgqr rax d:axkA vaxszt dks ns[krs gh esjs

ru&cnu esa vkx yx tkrh gSA eSa dksbZ mn~naM] vf’k”V rFkk Hk;adj O;fDr gwaA ijarq bl ;k=k esa mUgsa tjk Hkh d”V u gqvk vkSj eq>s

var esa enzkl ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dks lkSaius ds Ik’pkr~ tSls mudk eu ‘kkar gqvk vkSj mUgsa eq>esa brus ln~xq.k fn[kkbZ fn, fd mUgksaus Vksih

mrkjdj eq>s iz.kke Hkh fd;kA

mlh le; enzkl esa dysDVj v’ks dh gR;k gks pqdh FkhA vf/kdkfj;ksa dks lansg Fkk fd bl gR;k dk laca/k ;wjksi fLFkr^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds

,d usrk ls tqM+k gqvk gSA vr% esjk vuqeku Fkk gh fd bl laca/k esa izR;{k vFkok vizR;{k :i esa eq>ls dqN&u&dqN vo’; iwNk

tk,xkA baXySaM esa esjs idM+s tkus ds ckn eq>s fganqLFkku esa okil yk;k tk jgk Fkk vkSj esjk izdj.k lekIr gksus ij eq>s vaneku ys

tkus dh O;oLFkk gks jgh Fkh] rc lpeqp gh eSa ;g ugha tkurk Fkk fd ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds rRdkyhu mik/;{k Jh v¸;j¹23 &fgnaqLFkku

esa vk, FksA budh vle; e`R;q ls bl o”kZ lewpk vk;kZorZ foãy gks jgk FkkA eSa bl ckr ls lpeqp vufHkK Fkk fd os fganqLFkku vk,

gq, gSa os ;wjksi ls ukuk os’kksa vkSj fof/k;ksa rFkk mn~ns’; ls ;k=k djrs] flj ij vfr xaHkhj vkjksiksa ds okWjsaV fy, fganqLFkku dh lhekvksa

ij dM+h xqIrpj O;oLFkk ds ckotqn fganqLFkku esa ikafMpsjh esa vk /keds FksA vaneku esa lkr&vkB o”kZ xqtkjus ds ckn lhØsV fjik sVZ

i<+dj eq>s Kkr gqvk fd iqfyl vf/kdkfj;ksa dh ;g dYiuk Fkh fd ogka ls mUgksaus ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* dh ‘kk[kk dh lgk;rk ls mlds

lnL;ksa esa ls ,d ‘kkDr czkã.k ds gkFkksa rwrhdksfju ds dysDVj dh xksyh ekjdj gR;k djokbZ Fkh] ij ml le; ;g Hkh eq>s Kkr ugha

Fkk fd Jh v¸;j okil ykSV vk, gSaA

enzkl ds ml dysDVj dh gR;k dk lekpkj eq>s izkIr gks pqdk Fkk vkSj cl bruk gh lR; gS fd eq>s ;g lansg Fkk fd izk;% enzkl ds

^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds fdlh lnL; }kjk gh ;g dBksj d`R; laIkUu djk;k x;k gksxkA ijarq bl vk’kk ls fd eq>s

23

osadV lqczã.;e v¸;j] f’k-y- djanhdj fyf[kr ^lkojdj ds lg;ksxh* ‘kh”kZd iqLrd esa mudk pfj= gSA

58

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


;g lekpkj Kkr gh ugha gqvk gks vkSj blfy, eSa lgtrkiwoZd enzkl ‘kk[kk dh dqN okŸkkZ mxyawxk& enzkl vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ls ,d

Hkkjrh; vf/kdkjh] ftUgksaus vaxzsth os’k /kkj.k fd;k Fkk& eq>ls feysA lkxj esa vaneku dk ty;ku êgkjktk* vk;k gqvk gSA lkjs c anh

,d cM+h lh uko esa BsykBsyh djds m/kj jokuk fd, x,A cl eSa gh ‘ks”k jg x;k FkkA brus esa eq>s ys tkus ds fy, ;s vkSj vU;

,d&nks vf/kdkjh ,d NksVh uko ds lkFk vk x,A eSa ml NksVh uS;k esa cSB x;kA eSa Lo;a viuh vksj ls dHkh fdlh ls okŸkkZyki izkjaHk

ugha djrk] D;ksafd eSa Bgjk ,d canh] dksbZ Hkh QVkd ls MkaV fiyk,xk]^pqi jgksA* dqN le; ds Ik’pkr~ b/kj&m/kj dk dq’ky&eaxy

iwNdj mu vf/kdkfj;ksa us viuh ftKklk izdV dh fd baXYkSaM fLFkr Økafrdkfj;ksa dh esjs ihNs dSlh voLFkk gks xbZ gksxhA eSaus dgk]** ;g

rks vkidks eq>s rko fnykus ds fy, mUgksaus dgk] ** gka] ;g Hkh lR; gSA vkSj dSls vfdapu iM~;a=! pkj yksx Hkh muesa lfEefyr ugha

FksA** eSaus galdj dgk]^^rks vki gh dqN yksxksa dks bdV~Bk djrsA**

^^vjs] dSlh ckr djrs gSaA bl enzkl bykds ds yksx cM+s f’k”V vkSj foosd’khy gSa] u fd vkids bykds ds uo;qodksa ds leku fNNysA

b/kj dksbZ izpkjd vk Hkh x;k rks mls ,d Hkh vuq;k;h ugha feysxkA** ;g ckr djrs le; ix&ix ij mudk Yk{; bl ij dsafnzr Fkk

fd eSa mudk izfrjks/k djus ds fy, enzkl ds dqN ukephu Økafrdkfj;ksa ds uke rks ugha mxyus yxkA ckn esa Lo;a gh dgus

yxs]^^vkidk vuqHko dSlk jgk\** eSaus dgk] ^êq>ls vf/kd vki yksxksa dks enzkl dk vuqHko jgk gksxkA**mUgksaus dgk]^êSaus rks enzkl esa

loZ= ‘kkafr gh ns[khA** eSaus fLer djrs gq, dgk]^^Bhd gS u! vki fo’okliwoZd dgrs gSa fd b/kj gj dgha ‘kkafr gS\** og le> x;kA

og nwljk vf/kdkjh Hkh eqLkdjk;kA dgus yxk] ^^mUgsa lcdqN Kkr gksxkA dsoy vki mUgsa mdlkus dk iz;kl dj jgs gSa vkSj os vkidks

mdlk jgs gSaA**

Okg NksVh ukSdk] tks eq>s ysdj vkbZ Fkh] vaneku ls vkbZ gqbZ êgkjktk* uked fo’kky ok”iukSdk ls lV xbZA eq>s gFkdM+h iM+h gqbZ Fkh

ghA mlds lkFk gh ml ty;ku dh lh<+h ij dMs+ igjs esa eq>s p<+k;k x;kA eSa Åij p<+ gh jgk Fkk fd ml le; tgkt esa lokj gq,

;k=h] ukSdj&pkdj] vf/kdkjh rFkk vkl&ikl dh NksVh&NksVh ukSdkvksa esa lokj gksdj vk, gq, n’kZd og n`’; ns[kus ds fy,

/kDde&/kDdk djus yxs vkSj vaneku ds ml tgkt ij eq>s lokj gksrs gq, ,sls ns[kus yxs tSls ge fdlh ‘ko dks vjFkh ij p<+krs

vkSj Bhd rjg ls cka/krs gq, foLe; vkSj ftKklkiwoZd ns[krs gSaA

ml êgkjktk* ty;ku ij fdlh canh dk] ftls vktUe dkjkokl gks x;k gS]

59

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


lokj gksuk vkSj ‘ko dks vjFkh ij ltkuk ,d gh ckr FkhA vkt rd tks lSdM+ksa&gtkjksa canh vktUe dkjkokl dh ltk dkVus bl

Hk;adj ty;ku ij p<+dj dkysikuh x,] muesa ls nl Hkh thfor okil ugha ykSV ldsA vBkjg&chl o”kZ dh p<+rh vk;q ds ;qodksa ij

bl ty;ku ij iSj j[krs gh vLlh o”kZ ds cw<+ksa tSlh eqnZuh Nk tkrhA euq”; ,d ckj vjFkh ij cka/k fy;k x;k fd mlds ifjtu

le>rs gSa fd ;g bl lalkj ls lnk ds fy, tk jgk gS vkSj Hkkouk ls nq%f[kr] fofLer gksdj ‘kwU;or~ mldh ml fudyrh vjFkh dh

vksj ns[krs jgrs gSa& Bhd mlh n`f”Vdks.k ls os esjh vksj ns[k jgs FksA mudh eqnk ls ;g Hkko Li”V ifjyf{kr Fkk fd eSa vc bl txr ~

ds fy, ej pqdk& vkSj ;g Hkkouk lR; FkhA lpeqp gh eq>s vjFkh ij p<+k;k tk jgk FkkA varj cl bruk gh Fkk fd ‘ko dks vjFkh

ij p<+krs le; tks Hkkouk,a n’kZd eu dks LrafHkr vFkok O;kdqy djds ‘ko;k=k dh vksj [khaprh gS] og ‘ko mudk vkdyu ugha dj

ikrkA ijarq eSa lc dqN dk vkdyu dj jgk Fkk fd esjh vjFkh ltkbZ tk jgh gS] esjh vjFkh fudy jgh gSA eq>s bl ;FkkFkZ dk Hkh

cks/k gks jgk Fkk fd bu l SdM+ksa n’kZdksa dh n`f”V] tks eq>ij fVdh gqbZ gS] og izk;% fueZe rFkk rVLFk gSA ftl rjg jkg pyrs vkdfLed

:i ls fdlh dh fudyh gqbZ vjFkh ge ns[krs gSa] iy Hkj mldh vksj ns[krs&ns[krs ge viuh jkg tkrs gSaA ml le; bl ckr dk

vkdyu gksus ls fd eSA ‘ko cu jgk gwa] eq>s bl ;FkkFkZ cks/k dk gh vf/kd nq%[k Fkk fd gtkjksa ns’kck/ako esjh vksj ek= vka[ksa

QkM+&QkM+dj ns[k jgs gSaA dk’k] muesa ls ,d Hkh euq”; eq>s bl rjg <k<+l ca/kk ikrk fd ^tkvks ca/kq] tkvks! rqEgkjs ihNs eSa vkSj ge

rqEgkjs ozr dks iwjk djds vius bl fganqLFkku ds a a a * rks esjh og vjFkh esjs fy, Qwyksa dh lst cu tkrhA

60

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&5

dkysikuh dk lkxj

ml ty;ku dh lh<+h ls p<+kdj eq>s lh/ks mlds ryeafty ij ys tk;k x;kA m/kj ,d cM+k fiatjk cuk;k x;k Fkk] ftlesa yksgs dh

etcwr NMs+a yxkbZ xbZ FkhA bl tgkt dk og fiatjk cgqr yack fdarw ladjk Fkk] ftlesa dksbZ chl&rhl O;fDr;ksa dks gh j[kk tk ldrk

FkkA ijarq gsrqiwoZd og bl rjg cuk;k x;k Fkk fd ftlesa vktUe dkjkokl ds dkysikuh ds canhoku tkuojksa dh rjg Bwals tkrsA mlesa

eSaus ns[kk fd mu cafn;ksa dks] tks Bk.ks ls vk, gSa] BsykBsyh ds lkFk Bwaldj [kM+k fd;k x;k gSA eSa eu&gh&eu lksp jgk Fkk] D;k eq>s

Hkh bl tgkt ds bl ?kqVu Hkjs ryeaftys ds va/ksjs fiatjs esa bu cafn;ksa ds lkFk Bwalk tk,xk\ brus esa gh ml fiatM+s dk }kj [kqy x;k

vkSj eq>s mlh esa Bwal fn;k x;kA baXySaM esa ^czkadkbfVl* jksx dk f’kdkj gks tkus ds dkj.k eq>s tjk ls rax LFkku ij tkrs gh lkal ysuk

nwHkj gks tkrk] Nkrh esa nnZ gksus yxrk vkSj ne ?kqVus yxrkA vr% eSaus ml xksjs vf/kdkjh dks] tks esjs lkFk Fkk] crk;k fd bl izdkj

ds rax o ?kqVu Hkjs Lfkku ij eq>s j[kus ls xM+cM+ gks ldrh gSA mlus tgkt ds MkWDVj dks lwfpr fd;kA mlus dgk] ^fQygky rks b/kj

gh jgks] LokLF; [kjkc gksus ij ns[kk tk,xkA vkSj fo’ks”k lqfo/kk ds rkSj ij eq>s ml fiatjs esa u j[krs gq, esjk fcNkSuk ,d dk sus esa]

tgka tgkt dk Nsn Fkk] mlds lkeus lh[kpksa ds ikl Mkyus dk vkns’k fn;kA vkxs ‘kh?kz gh Kkr gksxk fd bl fo’ks”k lqfo/kk dk eq>s D;k

ykHk gqvkA

brus esa ,d vkSj lTtu vk x,] mUgksaus eklsZfyl dh ckr NsM+hA eSaus Hkh [kqydj FkksM+h ppkZ dhA ^^vkils feyus ge gsrqiwoZd vk, FksA

bZ’oj vkidks okil Lons’k ys vk,] ;gh gekjh gkfnZd dkeuk gSA** bruk dgrs gq, os lHkh vf/kdkjh viuh Vksfi;ka mrkjdj iz.kke

djds pys x,A ,d xksjs x`gLFk dks tSls mudk ;g O;ogkj v[kj x;k vkSj og gs; rFkk Øq} n`f”V ls mUgsa vkSj eq>s ?kwjdj fcuk

iz.kke

61

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fd, pyrk cuk A tSls mldh n`f”V trk jgh Fkh&* Hkyk bl ikih canh dks bruk LkEeku D;ksa\*

izLFkku

tgkt dh lhVh ds Ik’pkRk~ Hkksa&Hkksa&Hkksa dh d.kZdVq vkokt vkbZ vkSj ,d fgpdksys ds lkFk tgkt py iM+kA mld fiatMs+ dh ÅapkbZ ij

nks&rhu NksVh&NksVh xksykdkj f[kM+fd;ka Fkh] tks ‘kh’ks ls can dh xbZ FkhA muls yVdrs gq,] mu vHkkxs nafMrksa esas ls dqN rV dh vksj

VdVdh yxkdj ns[kus yxs&fdukjk n`f”V ls vks>y gks x;kA ^?kj NwV x;k HkbZ] ?kj NwV x;k* dgrs gq, muesa ls ,d /kEe ls uhsps cSB

x;kA ;g lqurs gh^ vc viuk ns’k ge iqu^ dc ns[ksaxs\* ,sls fcyfcykrs gq, lrkjk dh vksj ds nks fdlku QwV&QwVdj jksus yxsA ^vc

dkykikuh yx x;k! HkS;k] jks erA dkysikuh esa jksus ls dqN ugha gksrkA * bl rjg bu nafMrksa esa ls tks NaVs gq, cnek’k vijk/kh Fks]

nk’kZfud dh rjg chpkschp [kM+s gksdj lHkh dks lkarouk ns jgs FksA chp gh esa fdlh us esjh vksj ladsr djrs gq, dgk]^^ ns[kks HkS;k]

rqEgkjh&gekjh NksM+ksA og ns[kks] ckfyLVj lkgt! HkbZ] vaxzst vQlj Hkh Vksih mrkjdj bUgsa iz.kke djrs gSaA Hkyk buds nq%[k ds lkeus

gekjk nq%[k D;k gS\** bruk dgus dh nsj Fkh fd /khjs&/khjs lHkh esjs bnZfxnZ te x,A izk;% lHkh dks Kkr fkk fd eq>s ipkl o”kksZ dk naM

feyk gS] rFkkfi gj dksbZ iwNrk&fdrus o”kksZ dk naM

eSaus vius xys esa YkVdk gqvk Øekad dk og fcYyk gh muds gkFkksa esa Fkek fn;kA ckj&ckj ^ipkl&ipkl dh jV yxkrs gq, eSa Åc lk

x;k FkkA ;g lqudj fd lpeqp gh eq>s ipkl o”kksZa dk naM gqvk gS&dsoy mUgsa gh ugha vfirq lgÛkf/kd nafMrksa dks Hkh] ftudh ianzg

cjl ds naM ls gh flV~Vh&fiV~Vh xqe gks xbZ Fkh] /khjt ca/krkA mu lHkh cafn;ksa dk nq%[k eq>s ns[krs gh gydk gks tkrkA

ty;ku dh xanxh

dqN nsj ckn la/;k gks xbZA xjeh ls tku fudyrh] frlij bruk HkhM+&HkM+dkA mu pkyhl&ipkl yksxksa esa] ftuesa fganq&eqlyeku lc

Fks] dqN rks f?kukSus thou ds vH;Lr cudj fuYkZTt cus gq, Fk s( pksj&mpDds] Mkdw] ikih&nq”V] vlk?; bafnz; jksx ls xzLr( dqN ,sls

f?kukSus] ftUgksaus o”kksZa ls nkar Hkh ugha ekats FksA bl rjg ds pkyhl&ipkl vknfe;ksa dh fcNkSuksa ij fcNkSus fcNk, gqbZ HkhM+HkkM+ esa eSa Hkh

viuk fcLrj fcNkdj ysV x;kA esjs iSjkas ls fdlh dk flj lVk gqvk FkkA esjs flj ls gh ugha vfirq eqga ds ikl fdlh dh Vkaxs lVh

gqbZ vkSj rfud m/kj eaqg djs rks eq[k ls eq[k

62

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


lVk gqvkA iy Hkh fPkr ysVkA lkeus gh ,d cM+k lk ihik vk/kk dkVdj j[kk gqvk FkkA m/kj FkksM+k fjDr Lfkku FkkA ml fiatjs esa

vU;= cgqr HkhM+ gks xbZ Fkh] mldh rqyuk esa esjs dksus esa de HkhM+ Fkh vkSj blh dkj.k eq>s bl dksus esa fcLrj fcNkus dh lgwfy;r

nh xbZ FkhA ijarq brus esa lM+h gqbZ nqxZa/k dk bruk rhoz Hkikjk vk;k fd ukd lM+ xbZA eSaus viuh ukd tksj ls nckdj can dhA ;g

ns[k fudV ds ,d canh us ladsr fd;k fd /kaaq/kys mtkys esa j[kk og ihik ns[kksA ns[k rks Kkr gqvk fd ;g ihik gh jkr Hkj lHkh izkf.k;ksa

dks ‘kkSpdwi ds Lfkku ij dke vkusokyk gSA esjh n`f”V m/kj tkrs gh og canh] tks ml ihis ij cSBk Fkk] cspkjk ladkspo’k mBus yxkA

ijarq eSaus ladsr ls mls cSBus ds fy, dgk] ^^vjs] ;g rks nsg/kEkZ gSA Hkyk blesa yTtk dSlh\ FkksM+s le;ksijkar eq>s Hkh m/kj gh cSBuk

gksxkA fdlh dks Hkh ladksp djus dh vko’;drk ugha gSA ,slk ugha fd esjh ukd gS vkSj rqEgkjh ugha gS] rks fQj rqe yksxksa ls vf/kd

Hkyk eq>s ;g xanxh vlguh; D;ksa yxs\** mu nafMrksa esa ,d iqjkuk ?kk?k esjs fudV vkdj dgus yxk]^^nknk] ge blds vknh gks pqds

gSaA eSa dkysikuh ls gh vk jgk gwaA** mldh mnkjrk dks eSaus eu ls ljkgkA eSaus lkspk] ^gs izHkks] bu ifrrksa ds var%dj.k ds vkaxu esa

Hkh ,d lqanj lk rqylh oankou gksrk gSA**

eSaus ml ?kqVs Mkdw dks /kU;okn fn;k vkSj dgk] ^^[kqyh gok ds fy, MkWDVj us eq>s ;g fo’ks”k lqfo/kk nh gS fd eSa lyk[kksa ds ikl lks

tkaÅA bl ihis dh ckr ij mUgksaus xkSj ugha fd;kA ijarq eSa bls Hkh ,d fo’ks”k lqfo/kk le>rk gwaA vki fpark u djsaA Hkyk vkidks bl

xanxh esa <dsydj eSa m/kj D;ksa tkÅa\ eq>s Hkh vc bl rjg ds thou dk vknh gksuk gksxkA** jkr esa ,d ds ihNs ,d canh ml ihis

ij vkus&tkus yxkA xanxh rFkk f?kukSus n`’; dh pje lhek gks xbZA eSaus viuh vka[ks can djds lksus dk Lokax jpk;k] rkfd mu cafn;ksa

dks ladksp u gksA eu dlelk;k] ^gk;&gk;! ;g rks thfor ujd Hkksxuk iM+ jgk gS rqEgsaA ^foosd us le>k;k] ^ ckoys] ;g lR; gS]

ij ;g Hkh viuk&viuk fopkj gSA ;g rqEgsa fo’ks”k lqfo/kk fey jgh gS u! rks fQj mldk fo’ks”k mi;ksx D;ksa ugh dj ysrs\ tkfr&ikafr]

xks=] oxZ dk gh ugha vfirq ‘khy RkFkk ‘kqfprk dk Hkh vagdkj pdukpwj djus ds fy, gh bZ’oj us rqEgsa ;g volj rks ugha iznku

fd;k\ bl fo’ks”K lqfo/kk dk fo’ks”k mi;ksx djksA =Sfyax Lokeh ij U;k;y; esa vf’k”V O;ogkj ds fy, tc vfHk;ksx yxk;k x;k Fkk]

rc muds lk/kqRo dh f[kYyh mM+kus ds fy, eftLVsªV us O;aX; fd;k] ^^ijarq ;s v}Sroknh

63

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Hkkstu ds le; vUu gh D;ksa xzg.k djrs gSa\ xkscj D;ksa ugha [kkrs\** bl ij =Sfyax Lokeh gals vkSj ogha ij ‘kkSp djds] tc rd yksx

lQkbZ dks vkrs] ns[krs&ns[krs mls [kk x,A

jked`”.k ijegal

jked`”.k ijegal ds fo”k; esa Hkh blh rjg dh vk[;kf;dk gSA viuh v}SrkuqHkwfr ds lkjs lk/ku lekIr gksus ds Ik’pkr~ ,d vafre

dfBu lk/kuk ds :i esa dydŸkk esa os ml Lfkku ij x, tgka eSyk Mkyk tkrk gSA ogka iM+h fo”Bk dks vius gkFkksa ls myV&iqyV djrs

gq, mUgksaus ikap dkM++h Hkjdj fo”Bk eqag esa Mky yhA vkSj ,d rw gh fd bu nafMrksa ds fo”Bk djrs le; ml nqxZa/k ls Mjdj ml xanxh

Hkjs ihis ls nwj Hkkxuk pkgrk gSA vU; yksxksa dh fo”Bk ds ihis ls pkgs fdruk Hkh nwj Hkkxks] rFkkfi mldk D;k djksxs tks rqEgs a viuh

fo”Bk dk ihik viuh gh ihB ij <ksuk iM+rk gS\ rqe mls yk[k oL=ksa dh vkM+ esa fNik yks rFkkfi <dus ls Hkh og [kqyk&dk&[kqyk gh

jgsxk] pkjksa vksj nqxZf?k NksM+sxkA leFkZ jkenkl Lokeh us ;g Li”V dgk gS&

^Hk{k.k djrs gh lqxzkl vUuA vk/kh fo”Bk vk/kk oeuA

ihrs gh HkkxhjFkh dk thouA ew= gks; rRdkyA*

rks fQj ^pkgs jktk gks ;k jadA isV esa fo”Bk ugha pqdrhA* ;g ;fn lR; gS rks vius vkids ey&ew= dk milxZ ftl rjg vfuok;Z

le>dj rqe ‘kkar ysVs jgrs gks blh rjg muds milXkZ dks Hkh rqe D;ksa lg ugha ysrs\ bl txr~ esa nsg /kkj.kk ds jspu djds iqU% dqN

bafnz;ksa dks tks fiz; gS] og vU; bafnz;ksa ds fy, vlguh; D;ksa fd;k x;k\ izd`fr dk ;g U;k; ogh tkus fd ,d nsg dh bafnz;ksa esa Hkh

;g fo”ke ijLij fo}s”k D;ksa mRiUu fd;k\ vFkok gks ldrk gS] mldk mik; u gks vFkok muds ml ijLij dyg ls mls vkuan gks

jgk gksA

vkSj fQj bl rjg foosd lsuk dks fonzksgh bafnz;ksa ds ihNs NksM+rs vkSj muds ml ijLij laxzke dh gkFkkikbZ ns[krs&ns[krs eq>s Hkh cM+k

vkuan vkus yxkA vUu dh fo”Bk] fo”Bk dk [kkn vkSj [kkn iqUk% vUuA HkbZ okg! peRdkj gS! Bl vkuan esa xanxh dk minzo nwj gks

x;kA jkr ,d cts ds vkl&ikl xgjh uhan lks x;kA ml tyk;u ij bl rjg esjk ml dksus esa vfopy jguk lHkh cafn;ksa ds fy,

vk’p;Z dk dkj.k cu x;kA ,d&nks tuksa us rks esjh ihB ihNs ;g lansg Hkh O;Dr fd;k fd eSa fdlh uhp tkfr dk xank] f?kukSuk O;fDr

gwa] ftlds ‘kjhj ls ilhus dh nqxZa/k vkrh g SA

64

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


;wjksfi;uksa dk O;ogkj

ml tgkt ds ;kf=;ksa rFkk dqN Hkkjrh; vf/kdkfj;ksa dh gkfnZd bPNk jgrh Fkh fd esjh dqN&u&dqN lgk;rk djds viuh vknjHkkouk

O;Dr djsa] tks muds eu esa esjs fy, iui jgh FkhA vkrs&tkrs os ;FkklaHko eq>ls feydj tkrsA ;wjksfi;u ykssxksa esa dqN larfj;ksa us Hkh

esjs izfr cgqr vknjHkko iznf’kZr fd;kA dqN vaxszth o`Ÿki=] if=dk,a Hkh izkIr gks xbZA tgkt ij [kkus ds fy, dsoy Hkqus gq, pus feyrs

FksA ijarq dqN vf/kdkfj;ksa us vuqjks/k fd;k fd eSa dqN [kkus ds fy, ys ywaA le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk fd D;k ekaxw\ vkSj eq>s vdsys

dks nsuk Hkh dfBu FkkA var esa dqN mnkj O;kikfj;ksa us dIrku dh vkKk izkIr djds lHkh cafn;ksa ds fy, Hkkr] eNyh vkSj vpkj vkkfn

O;atu rS;kj djok,A esjs dkj.k nks fnu ds vu’ku ds Ik’pkr~ ,slk Hkkstu izkIr gqvk tks dHkh ugha feyrk Fkk] blfy, lHkh canh ckalksa

mNy iM+sA esjs lkFk gh mUgsa ?kaVk&vk/ks ?kaVs ds fy, ml ?kqVu Hkjs rax ryeaftys fiatjs ls fudkydj gok[kksjh ds fy, Åij ds rYys

ij tc yk;k tkrk rc lk/kkj.k O;oLFkk ls vf/kd O;oLFkk rFkk lqfo/kkiwoZd O;ogkj fd;k tkrkA bld laca/k esa os nafMr eq>ls dgrs]

^^ckcwth] gekjk vgksHkkX; fd vki gekjs lkFk vk,A fdruk vPNk gqvk!** rc eSa galrs gq, dgrk]^^ rks fQj ;g vPNk gh gqvk u fd

eq>s naM feykA**

m/kj fnu&jkr mu cafn;ksa esa esjh ppkZ fNM+rh vkSj esjh ppkZ fNM+rs gh] fganqLFkku viuk Lons’k gS a a amls a a a vkfn ml dk;Z ds laca/k

esa Hkh ftldk Hkkj eSaus mBk;k Fkk& Hkjiwj ppkZ gksrhA ;fn dksbZ fryfeykdj eq>ls dgrk] *dSls dgsa] ij vkidks ns[kdj dystk

Vwd&Vwd gks tkrk gS a a a *rks eSa eqLdqjkdj dgrk] ^vHkh&vHkh rks vki dg jgs Fks fd ,slk gksuk pkfg,] vkSj fganqLFkku a a a aesa vkfn

ppkZ dj jgs Fks u\ fQj vkius bl ckr ij xkSj ugha fd;k fd ,d eSa gh D;ksa\ bl rjg esjs tSls cafn;ksa ls lSdM+ksa tgkt Hkj&Hkjdj

dkysikuh tk,axsA tks djsxk lks HkjsxkA tks Hkjsxk lks djsxk a a aA*

tgkt ds vf/kdkjh ls ysdj flikgh&larjh rd vkSj cafn;ksa ls ysdj [kykfl;ksa rd esjs cgkus lrr jktuhfr dh ppkZ fNM+rhA ftUgksaus

;g lc dHkh ugha lquk Fkk] mUgkasus mls lqUkk( ftUgsa dHkh lw>k ugha Fkk] mUgsa lw>k vkSj ftUgksaus bls dHkh ugha ekuk Fkk] mUgkasus eku

fy;kA

ckjh ckck dh dgkuh

nwljh egŸoiw.kZ ckr] tks ogka dh ifjfLFkfr esa eu dks viuh vksj [khaprh] og ;g Kkr djuk Fkk fd dkykikuh dSlk gSA tks Hkh dksb Z

ogka ls vkrk] mlls ;gh

65

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


iwNus dks th pkgrkA izR;sd O;fDr ,d gh ckr iwNrkA fQj eq>s Hkh IkwNus dh bPNk gksrhA vaneku ds flikfg;ksa dh og Vksyh] tks

cafn;ksa dks ysus vkbZ Fkh] mlls iwNrs D;ksafd ogh bl fo”k; ds izeq[k vf/kdkjh vkSj ogh blds Kkrk! Dkysikuh dk uke ysrs gh os lcls

igys ^ckjh ckck* dh dgkuh lqukrsA

mudh /kkj.kk Fkh fd ckjh ckck gh dkykikuh gSA mu nafMrksa esa ls tks vR;aRk funZ; canh gksrs] os fcuk fdlh dkj.k gks&gYyk djds

vkil esa xkyh&xykSt djrs] rc flikgh Øksf/kr gks dgrs] ^vjs Bgj rw] cM+h p<+h gqbZ gS rq>s] le>rk gS rw gh lcls cM+k cnek’k gSA

vxj ,d ckj ckjh ckck dks ns[kk rks lkjk gks’k fBdkus vk tk,xk& vjs /kksrh <hyh gks tk,xh] /kksrh esa ewrksxs] le>s!* ckjh ckc k vkSj

gekjh ‘kh?kz gh xgjh eS=h gksusokyh Fkh] vr% mu flikfg;ks a dks ml laca/k esa vf/kd dqjsnus esa dksbZ rqd ugha FkkA

vaneku ds laca/k esa os dgrs] ^ckcwth] Ng eghus esa eqfDr feysxhA vki tSls i<+s&fy[ks ckcqvksa dks rks vkWfQl esa dke feysxkA bruk gh

ugha] iwjk ftyk vkidh vkKk esa jgsxkA nl o”kksZa rd lgÛksa :i, tqVk ldksxs vkSj nl o”kksZa ds Ik’pkr~ ?kjckj clk yksxsA *

eu&gh&eu eSa lksprk] ^;g D;k! HkbZ] dgha eq>s Økafrdkjh vkanksyu esa Hkkx ysus ds miy{; esa iqjLd`r djus ds fy, rks vaneku ugha ys

tk jgs gSaA pyks] vPNk gh gqvk tks eklsZfyl esa idM+k x;kA ;wjksi esa nj&nj dh Bksdjsa [kkrs gq, HkVdus ds nq%[k thou dk eSaus

vuqHko fd;k gSA vaneku dk thou] tSlk ;s o.kZu dj jgs gSa] blls vf/kd vlguh; rks ugha gSA vFkkZr~ oSlk gh rks ugha tSlk ;g

c[kku dj jgs gSaA gka] gks ldrk gS] oSlk gh gksA iajrq D;k og esjs Hkkx es a gksxk\ vlaHko] loZFkk vlaHkoA mudh voLFkk dSlh gS tks

jktcanh igyh ckj gh vaneku x, Fks\ D;k esjh muls HksaV gksxh\ vkSj esjs T;s”B ca/kq\

dksbZ Hkh fuf’pr tkudkjh ugha ns ldrk FkkA cl bruk gh Kkr gqvk fd os yksx ogka gSaA dkjkx`g esa gSaA izk;% eSa Hkh m/kj gh tkÅaxkA

lHkh dg jgs gSa] vkt vaneku vk,xkA izkr%dky ds Ng ct pqds Fks] lHkh nafMrksa dks iafDr esa Åij yk;k x;kA Åijh rYys ij

ykLdkj vkfn lsod tgkt /kks jgs gSaA c<+rs&c<+rs lwjt dk rki iz[kj gks x;kA vkt cafn;ksa ds eu fc[kj jgs gSa fd dkykikuh vk,xkA

;k=k dh /kka/kyh esa nch gqbZ ykpkjh] fojg rFkk ‘kksdiw.kZ fopkj esjs fpŸk ij meM+&meM+dj Åij mBdj àn; esa ?kqldj mls papy cuk

jgs gSa] tSls lkxj dh rygVh dh eNfy;ka mNy&mNydj Åijh lrg esa ?kqlrh gSaA eSa dkysikuh dh Nkao ls f?kj x;k gwaA

lkxj ‘kkar gS] fdlh >hy dh rjg LrC/k vkSj ml ij ;g ty;ku ,sls lfyy

66

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fogkj dj jgk gS tSls fge izns’k esa ckyd ets esa fge ij fQlyrs gSaA lwjt i`Foh dh vksj VdVdh cka/kdj fujh{k.k dj jgk gS] tSls

fd ekuo }kjk tM+ l`f”V ij izkIr dh gqbZ bl viwoZ fot; ls og fofLer gks x;k gksA fdruk fo’kky lkxj vkSj ;g dSlh fin~nh lh

ukSdkA ijarq ml ukSdk esa ,d NksVh lh dksBjh esa cSBk ,d ekuo ml lkxj dks vius pIiw ds vadq’k ls viuh bPNkuqlkj eksM+dj mls

viuk xqyke cuk, gq, gSA ;g ekuo dh tM+ l`f”V ij izkIr fdruh cM+h fot; gS] dSls dgsa! ,d fnu ;gh lwjt ml u wru fot; dh

vksj] tks euq”; us vius eu ij izkIr dh gS] blh rjg HkkSapDdk gksdj i`Foh dh vksj ns[krk jgsxkA euq”; Hkh eu esa fojkteku ml

jk{kl ij fot; izkIr dj] ihM+d vkSj ihfM+r dks ,d&nwljs ls Nsndj vkSj vius iSjksa esa iM+h nklrk dh csfM+;ka rksM+dj eqDr gks x;k

gS] rFkkfi og izseik’k ls ijLij ca/k x;k gS&gka] ,d le; ,slk Hkh vk,xk&,slk /U; fnol u tkus dc mfnr gksxk tc ;g lw;Z bl

uwru fot; ls izeqfnr gksdj olqa/kjk dh vksj blh rjg ns[krk jgsxkA ekuotkfr dh Lora=rk dsoy euq”; ek= ds izse dh gh nklh

jgssxhA bl /kU; fnol ij /kU; mu leLr HkqDr&d”Vksa rFkk gqrkRekvksa ds d”V Hkksx rFkk gkSRkkRE; lQy gksaxs] ftUgksaus ;g /kU; fnu

ykus ds fy, vkRe&cfynku fd;k gSA leLr ekuo&tkfr mudh vkHkkjh gksxhA ftUgsa bl fot; dk og egku~ Js; izkIr gksusokyk gS]

muesa eSa Hkh v a’k Hkkxh gksÅaxkA fdruk egku~ fdruk mTtoy gS ;g Hkfo”; dky!

izLrqr fLFkfr

ijarq orZeku! rqEgkjh izLrqr fLFkfr\ LoIu] LoIu! vjs ew[kZ] rqEgsa vk jgs Hkfo”; ds ;s lius dsoy LoIUk gh gksaxsA oSfnd dky ls ,sls

LoIu ns[krs&ns[krs euq”; dks ;qx chr x,A Hkfo”; ds mu lqugjs liuksa dk mi;ksx orZeku dh jkf= ds ?ku?kksj eksgka/kdj esa iy Hkj ds

fy, izdk’k nsuk gh gSA bl lkxj dks gh ns[kks& fdruh vfoLej.kh;] vxE; jk{klh ‘kfDrA mlds ‘kjhj ij ;g ukSdk fdrus ets esa

ygjkrh py jgh gSA D;ksa\ blfy, fd og bls lg ysrk gSA t Sls dksbZ izpaM jk{kl fdlh rqPN ePNj dks vius ‘kjhj ij cSBus nsrk gSA

iy Hkj ml ePNj dk lkgl ns[kdj viuk euksjatu djrk gS] fQj ,d gh pir ls mls ekjdj bl rjg rqe tSls ePNj&euq”; dk

lkgl gS ;gA ;g izpaM lkeqfnzd ‘kfDr tc [kkSyus yxsxh rks viuh ygj dh ,d cawn dh Qqgkj ij rqEgkjh ;g uS;k gh ugha vfirw

iwjk&dk&iwjk egk}hi gh mBkdj mls [kaM&[kaM dj lqikjh tSlk lVd tk,xkA rc fdlh dks irk Hkh ugha pysxk fd ;gka ij dHkh

,f’k;k egk}hi Fkk ;k ughaA fdruk ^;% df’Pkr~* gS ekuo&^;%

67

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


df’pr~* euq”; ds chp eSa fdruk ^;fRdafpRdj* gks x;k gwa!! vkt bu v/ke] uhp rFkk nq”V nafMrksa] tks viuk ‘kjhj lesVdj cSBs gSa]

dh iafDr esa ,d misf{kr dksus esa eSa Hkh viuk ‘kjhj lesVdj mdM+w W a cSBk gwWaA gkFkksa esa gFkdM+h] ikWaoksa esa cfM+;kaW& bruk Jqnz] rqPN cu

x;k gwa fd bl tgkt ds >kM+wokys Hkh esjh vksj lgkuqHkwfriwoZd ladsr djds ^ckfyLVj ckcw* dgrs gq, n;k djrs gSaA ;s lsod Hkh] tks

ikuh Mkydj ydfM+;kaW /kks jgs gSa] ngkM+rs gSa& ^,s dSnh] mBks b/kj lsA pyks] m/kj cSBksA* vkSj eq>s mudk vkns’k ikyu djuk gksrk gSA

lkxj ‘kkar FkkA fdlh lkkeqfgd nSR; dh rjg [kjkZVs Hkj jgk FkkA ok”iukSdk fQlyrh gqbZ fdlh vklUuej.k dh ukM+h ln`’k ean&ean py

jgh FkhA Åij ls lw;Z ØwjrkiwoZd lHkh ij vaxkj cjlk jgk FkkA vR;f/kd xjeh Fkh] vaneku fudV vk jgk FkkA vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj

;kf=;ksa us vc eq>ls ckr djuk can dj fn;k FkkA os ,slh nwfj;kWa lk/k jgs Fks tSls eq>ls loZFkk vifjfpr gksaA dkysikuh dh Nk;k

eq>ij Li”V fn[kkbZ nsus yxhA

68

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k &6

vaneku dk o.kZu

vaneku] fudksckj rFkk mlds fudVrd }hiiqat dk fganqLFkku ds bfrgkl ls gh ugha vfirw Hkfo”; ls Hkh laca/k gksus ds dkj.k izzR;sd

fganoklh dks mldh vYi gh D;ksa u gks] tkudkjh vo’; gSA fganqLFkku ds ckgj vokZphu dky esa fganw laLd`fr ftu&ftu uwru Hkw[kaMksa

ij viuk vkf/kiR; Qsykrh tk jgh gS] mlesa vaneku }hiiqat dh x.kuk djuk vR;ko’;d gSA

;g }hi dydŸkk ls yxHkx Ng lkS ehy dh nwjh ij gSA chp esa NksVs&NksVs }hiiqaat] Fkk sM+k lkxj] iqu% }hiiqat &bl Øe ls ;g ,d

}hiekyk caxky ds milkxj esa fc[kjh gqbZ gSA mlesa vaneku lcls cM+k }hi gSA og rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gSA budks mŸkj vaneku]

e/; vaneku vkSj nf{k.k vnaeku dh lKk,a nh xbZ gSaA bl }hi ds ekufp= esa nh gqbZ vkd`fr ns[kdj ;g Li”V gksrk gS fd mldk uke

vaneku D;ksa iM+kA bl uke dh guqeku ‘kCn ls gqbZ O;qRifŸk geus lquh gS] ijarq vaMkd`fr gksus ds dkj.k bldk vaneku uke gesa

laHkouh; izrhr gksrk gSA mŸkj vaneku dh yackbZ D;kou ehy ¼ehy¾nwjhlwpd ‘kCn gS] ftls vc fdyksehVj dgk tkrk gS½] e/;

vaneku dh yackbZ mulB ehy rFkk nf{k.k dh vksj NksVk vaneku dgk tkrk gSA mlds vfufjDr mlds murhl ehy nf{k.k dh vksj

NksVk vaneku gS] ftldh yackbZ rhl ehy vkSj pkSM+kbZ l=g ehy gSA vkt rd bl }hi esa mYys[kuh; mifuos’k u gksus ds dkj.k

b/kj&m/kj nwj&nwj rd ,sls ?kus taxy] ftudh Hkwfe dks dHkh lw;Z fdj.kksa dk Li’kZ rd ugha gqvk] Qsys gq, gSaA Åaps&Åaps igkM+] tks

leqnz rV ls Åij&Åij p<+rs tk jgs gSa] vkSj ?kus taxyksa ds vfrfjDr bl ckr dk vHkh Li”V vuqeku ugha yxk;k tk ldrk fd bl

bykds esa vkSj D;k gS] rFkkfi ou foHkkx ds vf/kdkfj;ksa us th&rksM+ ifjJe dj] fujarj d”V >sydj taxy ds Lfkyksa] o`{kksa

69

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vkSj oLrqfLFkfr dh ;FkklaHko Nkuchu djds vc mudk ekufp= Hkh cuk;k gSA bl }hi ds igkM+ksa esa lcls ÅaWpk igkM+ laMyekmaV

uked pksVh gS] ftldh ÅapkbZ rhu gtkj QhV gSA cM+h unh ;gka ij ,d Hkh ugha gS] ij txg&txg igkM+ksa ls dydy dj cgrs >jus

foiqy ek=k esa gSaA

eysfj;k dk izknqHkkZo

bl bykds esa ?kus taxyksa ds dkj.k izkphu dky esa o”kkZ dh vfojy >fM+;kaW yxh jgrh FkhA xzh”e _rq esa Hkh fjef>e&fjef>e gksrh gh

jgrh] rFkkfi ftls&fltl Hkkx esa taxy dh dVkbZ gksdj cLrh cu xbZ gS vkSj Hkwfe dks FkksM+k lkQ djds tksrdj [ksrh vkSj ukfj;y ds

cxhps yxk, x, gSa&ml vksj _rqeku yxHkx fganqLFkku ds m”.k bykdksa tSlk gks jgk gSA o”kkZ vkSj xzh”e&;gh nks _rq,a Li”V :i ls

fn[kkbZ nsrh gSa] ‘khr ;k tksM+s dk ekSle cl >kadrk gqvk fudy tkrk gSA bl }hi ds pkjksa vksj ls gh ugha vfirq izR;sd nks VqdM+ksa ds

chp esa ls Hkh leqnz ds ?kqls gksus vkSj bu }hiksa ds yackbZ rFkk pkSM+kbZ esa NksVs gksus ds dkj.k ;gka&ogka [kkfM+;ka vkSj nyny dk lkezkT;

Qsyk gqvk gSA bu [kkfM+;ksa ds ty esa taxy ds lw[k s iŸkksa dh ,d ds Åij ,d ijrsa tek gksdj lM+rh gSaA blh ls eysfj;k dk

izknqHkkZo rFkk izHkko vR;ar d”Vizn gksrk gSA efD[k;ka tks bl eyssfj;k dk izlkj djrh gS] b/kj bruh foiqy vkSj fofo/k tkfr;kas dh gSa

fd o.kZu djuk vlaHko gSA dqN Hkhrj dh vksj ePNj ln`’k efD[k;ka >aqM&ds&>qaM b/kj&m/kj ,d lkFk xquxqukrh gqbZ fHkufHkukrh gSa tSls

rkj esa fijks;k gqvk tkyA dqN cM+h&cM+h efD[k;ka vius yacs&yacs iSjksa ij [kM+h jgdj bruh rsth ls >wyrh gSa fd ml nksyk;eku

voLFkk esa ;g dguk dfBu gksrk gS fd og ,d dkyh js[kk gS ;k eD[khA

tksad] lkWai o du[ktwjs

taxyksa esa bu efD[k;ksa ds vfrfjDr tks eysfj;k dk izlkj djrh gSa&tksadksa dh Hkh Hkjekj gksrh gSA dhpM+ esa] uhps iM+s gq, iŸkksa ds <sjksa

esa gh ugha vfirw o`{kksa dh Mkfy;ksa ij] iŸkksa ij ;s tksads fpidh jgrh gSaA xjeh esa nqcddj dgha fNih cSBh ;s tksadsa fjef>e cj[kk

cjlus yxrs gh ckgj fudyrh gSaA ekuoh xa/k la?wkrs gh vkuafnr gksrh gSaA Åij ls o`{kksa] iŸkksa ls os Vi&Vi dwn iM+rh gS] uhps ikWao

iM+rs gh os ryos pkVus yxrh gSa vkSj ekuoh ‘kjhj dh fiaMfy;ksa] tkaW?kksa&tks Hkh fgLlk feys] mlls fpiddj lqi&lqi ygw lqM+dus yxrh

gSaA cM+s&cM+s cnek’k ikth daVd yksx tks dkjkx`g ds dBksj&ls&dBksj naM ls ugha ?kcjkrs] os tc taxy

70

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dh dVkbZ ds fy, tkrs gSa rks bu tksadks ds Hk; ls dkaWius yxrs gSaA taxy ls dke djds canh tc ‘kke <ys okil ykSVrs rc ,slk yxrk

os ygw esa ugkdj vk, gSa] D;kasfd ;gka&ogka loZ= tksadksa ds dkVus ls ‘kjhj esa Nsn gks tkrs vkSj mu Nsnksa ls ygw dh iryh /kkjk

fudyrh jgrhA vPNk] ;s tksadsa Hkh ,d ;k nks ugha] b/kj euq”; vius gkFkksa ls eqV~Bh Hkj&Hkjdj mUgsa vius ‘kjhj ls m[kkM+dj Qasd

jgk gS vkSj m?kj NksVh&cM+h tksadksa ds >qaM Åij ls dwndj ;k uhps ls p<+dj vFkok vktw&cktw ls vkdj fpidrs tkrs gSaA

bu taxyksa esa Hk;adj lkWai dh rjg ds fxjfxVksa dk Hkh] tks tksadksa dh rjg gh ugha vifrq muls Hkh ?kkrd gksrs gSaA&clsjk gksrkk gSA ;s

,d gkFk yacs rFkk ,d baPk ls eksVs fo”kSys gksrs gSa fd muds Mlus ls euq”; dks ydok ekj tkrk gS vkSj Hkk”k.k osnuk gq, fcuk ugha

jgrhA ;gka lkWai cgqr gh de gSa] rFkkfi ^okbij* uked vR;ar fo”kSyk ,d NksVk lk&lkWai feyrk gS] dHkh&dHkh vtxj Hkh feyrs gSaA

lfn;ksa ls bu taxyksa esa fdlh Hkh euq”; dk vf/kd izos’k u gksus ds dkj.k bu lc izkf.k;ksa dh vR;f/kd o`f} gksrh jgh gS] tks ijLij

Hk{k.k dh e;kZnk ls gh dnkfpr~ dqafBr gksrh gksxhA bu taxyksa esa ck?k] ‘ksj] jhN vkfn [kwa[kkj i’kq ugha ik, tkrs A taxyh lqvj feyr s

gSaA if{k;ksa esa ;gka Hkkjrh; i{kh dqN vf/kd la[;k esa ugha FkA vaxzst ljdkj us eSuk] rksrk] ckt+] fxygjh] eksj vkfn thoksa dks ;gka

ykdj NksM+ fn;k( bruk gh ugha] dkS, eaxokdj mudh cLrh clkus esa Hkh mUgksaus dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+hA if{k;ksa dh rjg fgju] dqŸks]

fl;kj vkfn i’kq rFkk cgqr lkjs ikyrw izk.kh Hkh ;gka miyC/k gSaA

leqnzh vk’p;Z dh rks dksbZ lhek gh ughaA ‘ka[k] lhfi;ka] iRFkj] fdruh jax&fcjaxh lqanj vkd`fr;kaW] fdrus izdkj, ekuks fo’odekZ dk

oSfp™; gks! mldh ‘kksHkk dk o.kZu dSls fd;k tk,\

,sls jax dh lhfi;ka] ‘ka[k fd ftuds banz/kuq”k dh ‘kksHkk Hkh yTtk ls ‘kh’k >qdk,A muesa de&ls&de ,d dh lqanjrk Hkh dksbZ dq’ky

fprsjk fdlh fp= esa maWMsy lds rks euq”; ml dykd`fr dks izn’kZfu;ksa esa lfn;ksa rd ltkdj j[ksxkA bl rjg dh vusd lqanj&lqanj

oLrq,a gh ugha vfirq izf.k;ksa dh Hkh jpuk] ftudh jsyisy leqnz rV ij mUeqDr% b/kj&m/kj fc[kjh gksrh gSA tSls lezkV g”kZ ds fdlh

ekxZ ls pyrs le; cjlk, x, lqo.kZ eksfr;kas ds Qwy b/kj&m/kj fc[kjs gksrs Fks] mlh rjg ‘ka[k] lhfi;ksa rFkk lqanj iRFkjksa ij dksbZ

fprsjk viuh rwfydk ls ,d&,d vO;ofLFkr dq’kyrk dh QVdkj fuf’pr gh bl leqnz rV ij fc[ksjrk gSA fofo/k

71

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


eNfy;ka&exjePN! Leqnz fLFkr fdlh eRL; dh iwaWN ls ,d ,slk rh{.k fljs dk pkcqd tqM+k gqvk fd ftldh ,d QVdkj ls Vkaxksa ds

ekal dh /kfTt;kaW mM+ tk,aA fdlh dk eqag v’ouqek] fdlh dh iwaN esa fctyh ftruk ‘kfDr’kkyh djaV fd mlds Øks/k ls vkl&ikl

fo|qr~ ds >Vds yxsaA fdlh dk eqag rks euq”; ds eq[k tSlk gkykafd cgqr de] ijarq fo’o’uh; ;kf=;ksa us Lo;a ns[kdj bldk o.kZu fd;k

FkkA bl rjg ukukfo/k lkeqfgd izkf.k;ksa dk bl }hi ds jsrhys lkxj rV vkSj mldh ygjksa ij LoPNan fogkj pyrk jgrk gSA

vaneku vkSj fganqLFkku

bl }hiekyk dk mYys[k ekdksZiksyks vkSj fudksyks vkfn ;wjksfi;u rFkk dqN vjch lSykfu;ksa ds izkphu ys[kksa esa miyC/k gSA ijar q bl }hi

ls fganqLFkku dk laca/k vfr izkphudky ls vo’; jgk gksxkA ex/k ns’k ls Jhyadk dh vksj vusd leqnzh ;k=k,a gksus ds o.kZu bfrgkl esa

miyC/k gSa vkSj mlh rjg vka/kz] rfey vkfn nf{k.kh yksxksa ds czãns’k] L;ke] isxw] tkok vkfn ns’kksa ij jktuhfrd vkØe.k gksus ds tks

o.kZu feyrs gSa] mlls Li”V fn[kkbZ nsrk gS fd Hkkjrh; lkxj&;k=h bl }hi ls HkyhHkkafr ifjfpr FksA bl }hi dk Li”V uke&funsZ’k

X;kjgoha lnh esa ikaM~; jktkvksa ds vkØe.k ds o.kZu esa feyrk gSA bl lkxj fotsrk ohj us isxw ij vkØe.k djds mlij fot; izkIr

dh vkSj viuh ml fot;h lsuk dks okil ykrs le; vaneku vkSj fudksckj& bu nks }hiksa ij viuk vf/kdkj izLFkkfir djds fQj

vius lQy ukSlk/kuksa&viuh tylsuk ds lkFk HkkjrHkwfe okil ykSVk& bl rjg rRdkyhu ys[kksa esa mldh iz’kfLr dh xbZ gSA bu ;kf=;ks a

rFkk fotsrkvksa dk &tks fHkUu&fHkUu le; ij x, gq, Fks& iqjkru lqjkx vHkh rd dqN vf/kd miyC/k ugha gSA ge canhokl esa Fks] rc

,d vf/kdkjh us crk;k Fkk fd tc [kqnkbZ dk dke py jgk Fkk] ml le; izkphu jktegy ds vo’ks”k cjken gq, FksA ijarq bldh

Nkuchu djus dk mfpr volj gesa vkt rd ugha feyk fd ;g lekpkj dgka rd lk/kkj Fkk vkSj mlds Ik’pkr~ dkSu&dkSu ls iqjko’ks”k

miyC/k gq,A gka] bruk rks fl} gks x;k fd Hkkjrh;ksa dh cLrh rFkk iz’kklu bl }hi ij dHkh gqvk djrk FkkA

vaneku dh fLFkfr

rFkkfi ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd bl cLrh rFkk iz’kklu dk vaneku ds ewy fuokfl;ksa ij dqN vf/kd izHkko ugha iM+kA ftl rjg mu

cfLr;ksa }kjk dh xbZ cqvkbZ vFkok d`f”k] okLrdeksZ dk izHkko ml }hi ds izd`fr fufeZr Lo:Ik ij dqN

72

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vf/kd le; rd ugha fVd ldk] mlh izdkj mu Hkkjrh; cfLr;ksa dh ekufld] ckSf}d vFkok /kkfeZd laLd`fr dk izHkko Hkh rVLFk ewy

fuoklh tuksa ij dqN fVdk fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA ,d uUgk lk }hi&lkxj ls f?kjk gqvkA ml ij lrr cLrh cukdj mldk izkd`frd oU;

Lo:i ifjofrZr djus ds fy, fganqLFkku dk mlls vO;kgr laca/k cuk jguk vR;ar vko’;d FkkA vk/kqfud thou ds lkjs midj.k

fganqLFkku ls ogka ys tkus ls gh ogka ds thou&lq/kkj dk Øe ljy gks ldrk gSA fganqLFkku vFkok ckã lqlaLd`r txr~ ls ukrk VwVrs gh

u, igqaps euq”;ksa dk Hkh r=LFk oU; voLFkk esa igaqp tkuk LokHkkfod gSA teZu egk;q} ds le; dHkh&dHkh pkj eghusa tc fganqLFkku ds

ty;ku lkeku lfgr vaneku ugha tk lds] rc ml dky[kaM esa thou dh lq/kkjd vko’;drkvksa vFkok Øe dks bruh vf/kd ek=k esa

R;kxuk vfuok;Z gks x;k fd ipkl o”kksZa ds vanj&vanj r=LFk lHkh fuokfl;ksa dks fcuk oL=ksa ds jguk iM+k rFkk [ksrh&ckM+h] ‘kkdkgkj

vkSj vUukHkko esa ekalkgkjh cuuk iM+kA ,slh voLFkk esa vaneku esa leqnz&xeu fuf”k} le>us ds dky[kaM esa vaneku ls igys gh x,

gq, Hkkjrh; r=LFk ewy oU; fuokfl;ksa dks lq/kkjus ds cnys Lo;a gh taxyh cus vkSj vkxs u, jDr&laca/k vlaHko gksus ds dkj.k os

oU; fuoklh ;k rks yqIr gks x, gksaxs ;k mudk fouk’k gks x;k gksxk] D;kasfd bl }hi esa vkt Hkh tks yksx ewy fuoklh ds :i esa ik,

tkrs gSa] mudk jgu&lgu dkQh gn rd fo’o ds vU; izns’kksa dh mu oU; tutkfr;ksa ls gh feyrk&tqyrk gS] ftudh x.kuk jgu&lgu

ds <ax ls vfr izkphu tutkfr;ksa esa dh tkrh gSA tkok }hi ds vkl&ikl Qsys gq, }hi lewg canj tSls euq”;ksa ds fy, izfl} gSaA Lo;a

ogka ds MkWDVjksa us gesa fn[kk;k fd fudksckj ls canh ds :i esa yk, x, ,d&nks euq”;ksa dh nqe dh gM~Mh nks&rhu bap Åij mBh gqbZ gS]

ftlls mUgsa dqjlh ij ihB fVdkdj lh/kk cSBuk Hkh vlaHko FkkA mudh bl nqe ij ckyksa dk vHkko Fkk vkSj mlls lVdj nqe ds

ckyksa ds xqPNs dh Luk;q ogka ugha yVd jgh FkhA mudh BqM~Mh rFkk eq[k dh jpuk gw&cgw okuj tSlh FkhA

bl izdkj ds okuj ln`’k ekuo bl bykds esa dHkh&dHkh feyrs gSa] ftudh nqe dh gM~Mh gksrh gSA mudh okpk cgqrka’k esa ifj.krkoLFkk

esa gksrh gSA vaneku esa tks oU;tu gSa muesa tkojk uked tutkfr lk/kkj.kr% pkj&lk<s+ pkj QhV yach gksrh gSA mudk o.kZ

dkyk&dywVk] ds’k dM+s] :[ks&:[ks ls NksVs&NksVs xqPNksa esa eqMs+ gq,A budh nk<+h&ewaN rks dHkh fudyrh gh ughaA os fdlh lk/kq&egkRek

leku uXukoLFkk esa gh ?kwers&fQjrs gSa] oL= ifj/kku dk ?kksj ikrd os dHkh djrs gh ughaA fdlh lk/kq&egkRek ln`’k nsg ij jDro.khZ;

feV~Vh iksrdj os ‘kjhj dh vkPNknu izo`fŸk dh rqf”V djrs gSaA mudh fL=;ksa esa bDdh&nqDdh yyuk foykl&yksyqi fudyh rks

73

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


o`{k dk ,dk/k iŸkk dfV ds vkxs yVdk ysrhA mu yksxksa dh LoIul`f”V dks] tks vkthou foykflrk dk frjLdkj djrs gq, lknxhiw.kZ

jgu&lgu dh ekyk tirs gSa] okLrfod :i nsus okys ;s tkojk loZFkk oU; fLFkfr esa gSa vkSj ukxjh rFkk ekuqf”kd thou fLFkr izyksHkuksa

ls vHkh rd nwj jgs gSaA tc os fn;klykbZ vkSj oL= ugha tkurs rFkk CkSyxkfM+;ksa ls Hkh ifjfpr ugha gSa] rks jsyxkM+h] gokbZ tgkt] izpaM

ty;ku vkfn ekuoh ifrrkoLFkkarxZr lk/kuksa dk mYys[k gh ugha djuk pkfg,A mUgsa dqjlh] twrs] dksBh&caxyk] [ksrh&ckM+h] [kk|kUu] ;a=]

pj[kk Hkh Kkr ugha lknxh;qDr thou ds HkDr laiznk;h ds uke ls gh ugha vfirw mldh vfHkyk”kk ls Hkh tkojk yksx vifjfpr gSaA mu

vkpk;ksZ dks Hkh] tks lknxh;qDr thou dk Madk ctkrs jgrs gSa] yaxksVh iguus dk eksg gksrk gh gS] tkojksa dks rks mruk Hkh eksg ugha

gksrkA cM+s fueksZgh gSa osA

ijarq D;k bl dkj.k os vlarq”V gSa\ dnkfi ughaA dk’rdkjh ugha] gy ugha cSadksa esa iSlk ugha& u lgh( ijarq tks fdlh ÅcM+&[kkcM+

x<+h&xqQk esa iukg vFkok ekal dk VqdM+k vLFkk;h vxzf/kdkjo’k fdlh tkojs ds ikl gks] ml ij nwljs dh fuxkg u iM+s vFkok iM+rs

gh tks lko/kkuh cjruh vFkok fpark djuh iM+rh gS] O;oLFkk djuh iM+rh gS] vko’;drk iM+us ij MVdj VDdj nsuh iM+rh gS] ;g

lc mlds fy, mruk gh mRdV vkSj Hk;adj gksrk gS ftruk fdlh dSlj ;k tkj ds fy,A vkidks vkSj gesa [ksrh dh ftruh fpark djuh

iM+rh gS] mlls vf/kd fpark vkSj d”V tkojk yksxksa dks oU; Qy dh [kkst vkSj mlds vHkko esa lqvj ds f’kdkj vFkok ePNhekjh esa

Hkqxrus iM+rs gSaA

rhjksa dh ckSNkj

bu tkojksa ds vfrfjDr b/kj ,d vkSj oU; tkfr ikbZ tkrh gSA ijarq mldk dn Åapk rFkk og bu tkojksa ls vf/kd izxfr’khy fn[kkbZ

nsrh gSA dnkfpr~ ;g tutkfr izkphu mifuos’k ds vof’k”V ekuo ls oU; tkfr;ksa ds laca/k ls cuh gksA tkojk ,d iRuhd gksrs gSaA os

vU; ;a=ksa ls Hkys gh vifjfpr gksa] ,d ;a= ls Hkyh Hkkafr ifjfpr gksrs gSa&og gS mudk ikap&Ng QhV yack /kuq”kA mudk ‘kjla/kku

vpwd gksrk gSA bl rhj&deku ds cycwrs gh mUgksaus viuh Lora=rk v{kq..k j[kh gSA Hkys gh vc canwdksa rFkk gokbZ tgktksa ds lkeus

mldk fuHkuk vlaHko gS] ijarq muds /kuq”k ds dkj.k ,sls lk/ku gksus ds ckotwn vaxszt mUgsa lgtrk ls ugha thr ldsA dbZ ckj taxyksa

ls xqipqi vkxs c<+dj ljdkjh Nkofu;ksa] pkSfd;ksa vFkok

74

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vdsys cafn;ksa ij Nkikekjh djds os ukS&nkS&X;kjg gks tkrs] rFkkfi tSls&rSls mudk rkRdkfyd :i ls ihNk djds fQj ls mUgsa xgjs

taxyksa esa [knsM+ nsuk&cl! blls vf/kd mudk ihNk djus dk >a>V ljdkjh vf/kdkjh dHkh eksy ugha ysrsA fganqLFkku esa ,d jkT;

thruk ftruk lqyHk gS] mruk bu taxykas ds oU; rFkk ‘kwj yksxksa ij dkcw ikuk lqyHk ugha] tks rhjksa dh h;adj ckSnkj djrs gSaA fQygky

;g leL;k bruh vko’;d u gksus ds dkj.k vkt rd ;s yksx taxy dh vifjfpr fufcM+rk esa jgdj] ftl rjg muds iwoZt th jgs

Fks] mlh lukru ekxZ ls vkpj.k djrs gq, uax/kM+ax voLFkk esa lqvj dk ihNk djrs] dPpk ekal [kkrs] Hkwr&izsrksa dks iwtrs vkuaniwoZd

thou th jgs gSaA mudh bl :f<+ dks dksbZ vf’k”V dgdj rks ns[ksaA muesa ls lukru /kekZf/kdkjh lTtu mls thrs&th QkM+dj mldh

cksVh&cksVh djds mlh ds dPps ekal ij viuk mnj&Hkj.k fd, fcuk ugha NksM+sxkA

ujekal Hk{kd

tkojs vkt Hkh ujekal Hk{kd gSaA ;wjksfi;u lkglh ;kf=;ksa us muds ujekal Hk{kd gksus ds ckotqn bu ykskxksa esa ?kqliSB djds muls

fe=rk dh vkSj muds jgu&lgu] muds jhfr&fjoktksa vkSj Hkk”kk dh euksjatd tkudkjh ladfyr dhA vnaeku esa nafMrksa dks Hkh tkojksa

dh ujekal ykylk dk f’kdkj cuus dh txg muds vkfrF;iwoZd Hkkstu dk Lokn mBkrs gq, vkSj mlds Ik’pkr~ ogka ls lgh&lyker

okil ykSVrs gq, geus ns[kk gSA muds o.kZuk s a ls bl rjg vuqeku yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd tkojk lglk ‘kj.kkxr dh tku ugha ysrsA

iajrq vaxzst ljdkj ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dks gh ugha vfirq vU; voU; euq”; dks Hkh] tks ‘kgjh fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] os viuk izkd`frd ‘k=q

le>rs gSa vkSj tay ls fudydj mls vdsyk ns[kdj mlds izk.k ys ysrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh mlds ekal dks os dPpk gh vkSj dHkh&dHkh vkx

ij Hkwudj [kkrs gSaA fnu fudyrs gh gj dksbZ viuk&viuk rhj&deku laHkkyrk gqvk f’kdkj ds fy, fudy iM+rk gSA efgyk,a Hkh

ePNhekjh vFkok vU; NksVs&eksVs f’kdkj ds fy, fudy iM+rh gSA mudh Vksfy;ka ,d lkFk ,d Nr ds uhps jgrh gSaA vk[ksV esa tks

f’kdkj feyrk gS mlesa lHkh dh lk>snkjhA taxyh ‘kgn] Qy gj dksbZ viuk&viuk xzg.k djrk gSA fnu Hkj HkVddj jkr esa vkx

tykdj ml ij os f’kdkj yVdkrs gSaA igyk f’kdkj Hkqurs gh mls QkM+dj lHkh tu ,d lkFk cSBdj [kkrs gSaA mlds Ik’pkr~ dHkh&dHkh

uj&ukjh fefJr dksbZ u`R; gksus ds mijkar uj&ukfj;ksa ds tksM+s vFkok lHkh feydj ml vkx ds bnZfxnZ o`Ÿkkdkj uXukoLFkk esa lks tkrs

gSaA

75

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dqN HkxksM+s Hkkjrh; cafn;ksa us mUgsa [ksrh dh ifjdYiuk le>kus ds fy, ‘kkd&Hkkth cukdj fn[kkbZ] rc mUgsa cM+k vk’p;Z gqvkA euq”;

dh e`R;q ds Ik’pkr~ os ‘ko dks dqN fnu ds fy, ,d o`{k ij Vkax nsrs gSaA dgrs gSa] fQj mls iRFkj ekjdj uhps fxjkrs gSaA mudh /keZ

fo”k;d ladYiukvksa dh dqN Hkh fo’oluh; tkudkjh vHkh rd ladfyr ugha gS] rFkkfi Hkwr&izsr vkSj Hk; ds vkxs muds /keZ fo”k;d

fopkjksa dk fodkl gqvk izrhr ugh gksrkA muesa ,d tutkfr vusd /keZ fo”k;d fopkjksa dk fodkl gqvk izrhr ugha gksrkA muesa ,d

tutkfr vusd o”kZ vaxsztksa dh ‘kj.k esa vkdj muds vkJ; esa jgh] bl dkj.k ;s oU; tkojk vk/kqfud ekuo dh rjg muds izfr Hkh

fo’ks”k Hkkouk j[krs gSaA rFkkfi brus futZu taxyksa esa jgrs gq, Hkh /khjs&/khjs muesa czkaMh vkSj ns’kh efnjk dk izos’k gks jgk gSA

tkojksa dk O;olk;

vaxsztksa ls feydj jgusokys tkojksa dk izeq[k O;olk; gS lkxj rV ls vusd lqnaj ‘ka[k] lhfi;ka rFkk fofo/kkd`fr pded iRFkj pqudj

vaxsztksa dh pkSdh ij ykuk&dqN dkap ds f[kykSus] phuh] rackdw ysdj mu oLrqvksa dks cspuk& nks&pkj fudVorhZ bekjrksa esa] tks muds

fy, gh cuokbZ xbZ Fkh] jgrs gq, vkSj iqu% bl vHks| vkj.;d fufcM+rk esa ?kqldj vn`’; gks tkukA os taxy ls ‘kgn ykdj mls

csprs FksA bu lHkh oLrqvksa dks ogka ls bdV~Bk djds ljdkj mUgsa fons’k Hkstrh gSA ogka ds ‘ka[kksa dks Bhd rjg ls f?kldj Åij ls

paknh vFkok lqo.kZ dh x<+u ds lkFk Hkkjh eksy ysdj mUgsa cspk tkrkA ;s fgys gq, yksx vc ,d NksVh lh yaxksVh iguus yxs gSaA mudh

fL=;ka ,dk/k iŸkk vFkok i.kZekyk dfV esa yisVrh gSA mifuos’kh; yksxksa ls fudV laca/k gks tkus ls muesa ,d fefJr larfr mRiUu gksus

yxh gSA dHkh&dHkh xksjs flikgh vFkok ;wjksfi;u O;fDr ds laidZ ls mRiUu tkojk fL=;ksa dh larku xksjh vkSj Hkkjrh; iq:”kksa ds lalxZ

ls mRiUu lkWaoyh vFkok xsgqaWvk o.khZ; fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA muesa ls dqN ;qod&;qofr;ka vk Sj fo’ks”kr% lfEeJ larfr dh i<+kbZ vkSj mUgsa

ljdkjh ukSdjh nsus dk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA lquk gS] ,d&nks efgyk,a lsok&Vgy dk dke&dkt lh[kdj /kk; Hkh cuh gSaA vaneku ds

phQ dfe’ujksa esa ls ,d dh L=h ds fy, blh izdkj ,d tkojk efgyk dks lgpjh ds :i esa fu;qDr fd;k x;k FkkA

ge dg ldrs gSa fd vaneku dk vokZphu lqlaxr bfrgkl lk/kkj.kr% lu~ 1776 ls vkjaHk gksrk gSA blls iwoZ flaxkiqj] isukax]

eyDdk] Vsuklsjhe vkfn }hiksa rFkk Lfkyksa ls dkysikuh dk naM izkIr yksxksa dks fuokZflr fd;k tkrk FkkA bathfu;j dksycqzd rFkk dSIVu

Cysvj tSls nks m|ksxh vaxsztksa us lu~ 1776 dh laf/k esa vaneku

76

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


esa mifuos’k izLFkkfir djus dk iz;kl fd;kA mlls iwoZ dbZ ckj vaxsztksa dh ukSdk,a HkVddj bl }hi ds fdukjs vk yxh FkhA muds

Hk;adj o.kZu vkt Hkh i<+us dks feyrs gSaA dSIVu Cysvj us tc mifuos’k IkzLFkkfir djus dk iz;kl fd;k rc vaneku dh tyok;w

uxjokfl;ksa ds LokLF; ds fy, cgqr gkfudkjd FkhA tks yksx m/kj izLFkkfir fd, x,] muesa ls ,d Hkh euq”; vf/kd le; thfor ugha

jg ldkA m, Cysvj lkgc ds uke ls gh vaneku dk orZeku canjxkg &iksVZ Cysvj* ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA vkxs lu~ 1857 &58

ds Lora=rk laxzke esa tks gtkjksa lSfud ijkHkwr gksdj }hikarj ds Hk;kud naM ds f’kdkj cus] mUgsa blh vaneku esa yk;k x;kA rHkh ls

bl mifuos’k dkk lqlac} Jhx.ks’k gqvkA tc ge vaneku x, Fks rc lu~ 1957 dh jkT;Økafr ds fuokZflr ‘kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ls vanekuh

mifuos’k dk Jhx.ks’k gksrk gS& vkSj ;g dSlk la;ksx G fd ipkl o”kZ I’pkr~ lu~ 1907 & 8 dh jkT;Økafr ds usrkvksa ds fuokZlu ls

mldk var gksrk gSA

oklqnso cyoar ds jkT;Økafr dk;Z esa Hkkx ysus okys lkFk;ksa dks Hkh vaneku ds fy, gh j[kkuk fd;k x;k FkkA gesa bl ckr dk irk py

gh x;k Fkk fd muesa ls ,d&nks gekjs tkus ds ckn vkxs&ihNs eqDr gks pqds FksA cacbZ ds fganq&eqfLye naxk&Qlknksa esa naM izkIr dqN fganw

m/kj gh FksA ef.kiqj dh jkT;Økafr esa fgLlk ysusokyksa dks Hkh m/kj gh Hkstk x;k FkkA muesa ls muds jkto a’k ds yksxksa dks ,d lhfer

Hkw[kaM ij dkQh gn rd Lora= :i ls ?kj clkdj jgus dh vuqefr nh tkrh A BsB cafn;ksa tSls O;ogkj ls mUgsa rax ugha fd;k x;k

FkkA bl izdkj vaneku esa jktuhfrd vFkok lkoZtfud vkanksyu esa naM izkIr lSdM+ksa jktuhfrd nafMr izkphu dky ls d”Ve; fnu fcrk

jgs gSa] rFkkfi muds d”Vksa vFkok vaneku dh dgkuh fganqLFkku ds àn;iVy ij vafdr gksus dk la;ksx rc tqM+ ugha ldkA vokZphu

Økkafrdkfj;ksa ds fuokZlu ls ;g la;ksx cuk vkSj Hkkjrh; fnyksa dks vc bl ckr dk ,glkl gks jgk gS fd vius /keZ] tkfr rFkk jk”Vª

ds lgÛksa oa’kt vkSj v’kat vaneku esa cls gq, gSaA mu Hkkjrh; mifuosf’k;ksa dk vius izse] vkReh;rk rFkk drZO; ij mruk gh

vf/kdkj gS ftruk Hkkjr ds fdlh Hkh ,d jkT; dkA ;g ckr Hkkjrh; fnyksa esa vHkh Hkys gh /kqa/kyh lh gks] ijarq vkus vo’; yxh gSA

77

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


iksVZ Cysvj

^iksVZ Cysvj* bl mifuos’k dk izeq[k canjxkg vkSj }hi gSA vaneku esa Hkkjrh; vkSj czãh yksxksa ds cafn;ksa dk mifuos’k gksus l s bu

lkB&lŸkj o”kksZa esa gh ogka dk tulewg Hkkjrh; gks x;k gSA ijarq fudkscj esa czãh vkSj eyk;k laLd`fr RkFkk lekt ls ges’kk ds fy,

oafpr gks x;k gSA vktdy vaneku esa Hkh dqN gn rd nafMrksa dks Hkstuk can gksus ds dkj.k gesa ;g vk’kadk gks jgh gS fd m/kj Hk h

Hkkjrh; cLrh lekfIr dh vksj yxrh gS vkSj blhfy, bl fo”k; ls lacaf/kr iwokZij ds nks”kksa dks vkWapy esa cka/kdj Hkh bl egŸoiw.kZ

ckr ij fopkj djus ds fy, ge ;gha ij pkj ‘kCn fy[kuk vko’;d le>rs gSaA

Vaneku esa dqN va’kksa esa cafn;ksa dh Vksfy;ksa dks Hkstuk can gksus ds ckn vf/kdkfj;ksa us fu’p; fd;k fd r=LFk HkwHkkx dk c aVokjk djds

mu fgLlksa rFkk ukfj;y ,oa lqikfj;ksa ds mu gtkjksa ckxkuksa dks] tks ljdkjh vf/kdkj esa gSa] xzkgdksa dks cspdj og lkjh laifŸk

O;fDrxr dj nh tk,A mlds vuqlkj lSdM+ksa ,dM+ Hkwfe vkSj o`{k vR;Yi ewY; ij cspus ds fy, lewg cuk, x,A bu lewgksa dh fcØh

dh ;kstuk ds ckjs esa fganqLFkku ds O;kikjh iwjh rjg ls vufHkK Fks] vkSj ,sls fganw O;kikjh Hkh bus&fxus gh Fks tks vaneku esa mu lewgksa

dks [kjhn ldrs FksA vr% Li”V gS] muesa ls izk;% lkjs lewg r=LFk ;wjksfi;u RkFkk ,aXyks&bafM;u yksxksa ds gkFkksa gh yx jgs gSaA ftu FkksMs+

ls Hkkjrh; O;kikfj;ksa vFkok lg;ksx u fey ldus ds dkj.k /kuktZu dk ;g Lo.kZ volj O;FkZ fl} gks jgk gSA taxyksa dh dVkbZ djds

mifuos’k clkus ds fy, Hkh ljdkj us vR;ar lqyHk lqfo/kkvksa ij HkwHkkx nsus dh ;kstuk cukbZ gSA bDdh&nqDdh bZlkbZ laLFkkvksa us bu

lqfo/kkvksa dk ykHk mBkdj fganqLFkku fLFkr laFkky vkfn tutkfr;ksa ds yksxksa dks bZlkbZ cukdj m/kj ys tkdj taxy dkVdj mudk bZlkbZ

mifuos’k cukus dh ;kstuk cukbZ gS] ijarq fdlh Hkh Hkkjrh; vFkok fganw O;kikjh dk vHkh rd bl vksj /;ku ugha x;k gSA

Cklkgr dh vksj pyks

vaneku esa igys cafn;ksa dh clkgr Fkh] rc m/kj tkus vFkok O;kikj djus esa <sj lkjh dfBukb;ka vkrh FkhA ijarq vc bruh dfBukbZ

ugha gksrhA vr% Hkkjrh; yksxksa dks pkfg, fd m/kj vktdy Hkwfe rFkk cus&cuk, ukfj;y ds ckxku vYi ewY; esa izkIr djus dk

volj gkFk ls u fudyus nsa vkSj m/kj tkdj mu lewgksa ds

78

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


[kjhnsaA ;gka ij iwjh tkudkjh nsuk vlaHko gS] ijarq ;fn fdlh dks blesa :fp gks rks og vaneku ds phQ dfe’uj ds irs ij fy[kdj

tkudkjh izkIr dj ldrk gSA b/kj fcŸks Hkj VqdM+s ds fy, mPp U;k;y; ds }kj [kV[kVkdj fookn ds iPkM+s esa iM+us dh ctk; m/kj

,dM+ksa esa Hkwfe ukeek= ds ewY; esa miyC/k gksus ij Hkh mls izkIr djus dk iz;kl u djuk dwieaMwdrk ugha rks vkSj D;k gS\ ijarq D;k

fd;k tk,! ;g fcŸks Hkj VqdM+k iwoZtksa }kjk vftZr gS u\ ,sls ?kj?kqls vfHkekuh yksx ,d irs dh ckr ij xkSj djsa fd ^;g esjh iwoZtksa

}kjk vftZr laifŸk gS* ,slh xoksZfDr djus ls vf/kd Js;Ldj gS ;g dguk fd ^;g ejsh viuh dekbZ gS] u fd cki dh dekbZ*A

Hkxoku~ vkSj ns’k blh ls izlUu gksaxsA

vaneku ds cafn;ksa dh clkgr can djus rd fganqLFkkuh dkSaflyksa esa vaneku laca/kh cgqr ppkZ dh xbZ] ijarq og clkgr VwVrs gh& dqN

va’k rd VwV gh xbZ& dkSafly ds lnL;ksa dks bldk laiw.kZ foLej.k gks x;k] ;g Bhd ughaA m/kj vkt yxHkx nl gtkj yksx jg jgs

gSa] tks gekjs ns’k] /keZ rFkk tkfr ds gSaA gekjs cka/koksa dh rhu&pkj ihf<+;ksa ds thou dh jk[k bl }hiiqat esa teh gSA muds vFkd

ifjJe ls ;g }hi ^;% df’pr~* inkFkZ ugha gS] vkfFkZd n`f”V ls Hkh m/kj foiqy laink mRiUu gks ldrh gSA m/kj pk; ckxku] jcM+ dh

Qly] xUus] ukfj;y] lqikjh ds cM+s&cM+s ckxku laiUukoLFkk esa ygygk jgs gSa] rFkkfi vkt Hkh ml Hkwfe dk Hkj.k&iks”k.k oSls ugha gqvk

tSls gksuk pkfg,A vHkh rd ipkl o”kksZa esa ,d NksVs ls fgLls dks gh d`f”k ;ksX; cuk;k x;k gSA taxy dh iSnkokj Hkh nks ckj gks ldrh

gSA vr% vkfFkZd n`f”V ls Hkh cafn;ksa dh clkgr can gksus ds ckn bl }hi dh O;oLFkk dSlh j[kh xbZ] m/kj Hkwfe ds xqV rFkk ckxku dh

fcØh fdl nj ls gksxh] bls igyh ckj fganqLFkku esa foKkfir djds fQj mUgsa cspk x;k vFkok og dqN [kkl yksxksa ds gkFkksa esa tk jgh

gS] vkfn iwNrkN dksbZ dkSaflyj vo’; djsaA mlh rjg vius mu tkfr&ca/kqvksa dh fLFkfr dSlh gS] tks m/kj ,dkdh gks x, gSa& ;g ,d

ckj izR;{k ns[k vkus ds fy,] dkSafly ds yksd fu;qDr i{k dks pkfg, fd og fdlh dkSaflyj dks m/kj Hkst nsA os cspkjs xwaxs gSaA muds

ikl viuh fLFkfr lq/kkjus ds fy, dksbZ lk/ku ugha] vr% vkidks mudk eq[k cuuk gksxkA vk;Zlekth mins’kdksa esa ls Hkh fdlh izeq[k

mins’kd dks m/kj Hkstuk vko’;d gSA ogka cgqla[; yksx fganw gksus ij Hkh vkSj bl ckr ds fy, iz;Rujr gksrs gq, Hkh fd Ldwyksa e s a

fganh Hkk”kk i<+kbZ tk,& nSuafnu ys[ku dh Hkk”kk mnwZ gh gSA bruk gh ugha] Hkkjrh; vFkok fganw cPpksa dks Hkh Ldwyksa esa ekr`Hkk”kk ugha

i<+kbZ tkrh] f’k{kk dk ek/;e vHkh Hkh mnwZ j[kk x;k gSA ;s vkSj bl rjg dh vusd ckrksa dh vksj tks dksbZ laxBd ogka tk, rks

79

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ogka ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dk /;ku vkdf”kZr dj mfpr O;oLFkk djsA

vaneku dh leLr fLFkfr dk fooj.k vkSj mls lq/kkjus ds mik;ksa dk mYys[k vkxs ;FkkLFkku vk,xk] vr% vHkh bl vR;ar egŸoiw.kZ

iz’u dh vksj xkSj djus rd gh eSa viuh ckr dks lhfer j[kdj vkxs c<w+axkA

vaxszth uke dk fganhdj.k

vaneku fLFkr izLrrqr HkwHkkxksa ds uke izk;% vaxszth esa j[ks x, gSaA ijarq Hkkjrh; mifuos’kkarxZr yksxksa dh ckrphr esa muds tks :i gks

x, gSa] os fganh ls bruh lQkbZ ds lkFk feyrs&tqyrs gSa fd ;fn dksbZ fo}ku muds :ikarj djus dh ftEesnkjh ys Hkh ysrk rks og mls

lk/; ugha gksrkA Hkkjrh; yksxksa dh ckrphr esa ^’kksvj ikWbaV* dk ^lqojisB* :ikarj gks x;k gSA ^bMkWl ikWbaV* dk naMkisBA mlh

xksdqykou~ ckjkVkWax] dkykVkax vkfn ukedj.k Hkh Jo.kh; gSaA vKkr ckrsa oLrqvksa ds LoHkko ls gh Kkr gksrh gSa] ,sls gh vKkr ‘kCn Hkh

Hkk”kk’kL= esa Kkr oLrqvksa ds LoHkko ds vk/kkj ls gh mPpkfjr gksus dh tks lgt izo`fŸk gksrh gS] mldk ,d euksjatu mnkgj.k gSA fcuk

fdlh lk/kkj.k ladsr ds mu vaxszth ‘kCnksa ds :ikarj dks vius vki gh Hkkjrh; eq[kksa }kjk fganhRo izkIr gks x;k gSA

blds izR;sd ftys esa nafMrksa dh bekjras cuokbZ xbZ gSa vkSj muesa ,d&,d dkj[kkuk [kksyk x;k gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] fQfuDl esa yksgk] ihry]

lhfi;ksa] dNqvksa dh ihB vkfn ls vusd lqanj phtsa cukus dk f’kYi dk;Z tkjh gS] ftlesa pkj lkS f’kYiK canh dk;ZZjr jgrs gSaA usOghos

QV~Vs esa lfCt;ksa dk ckxku gSa pWFke esa taxyh ydfM+;ksa dks cukus dk rFkk vkjh ls phjus dj dkj[kkuk gSA dkykVkWax esa pk; dk ckxku

gSA m/kj bruk dBksj ifjJe djk;k tkrk gS fd ogka tkus ds uke ij canh Hkh Fkj&Fkj dkaius yxrs gSaA buds vfrfjDr taxy dVkbZ ds

fy, ftu Vksfy;kas dks Hkstk tkrk gS] muds nqHkkZX; dh rks dksbZ lhek ugha gksrhA

vaneku¹24 esa igys&igy ftu&ftu cafn;ksa dh Vksfy;ka Hksth xbZ ogka igqapus ij mUgsa igys yxHkx eqDr NksM+k tkrk A vkxs muls dqN

o”kksZa rd ljdkjh dSn esa

24 vnaeku dh orZeku ¼lu~ 1968½ ifjfLFkfr ds fy, fuEufyf[kr lanHkZ nsf[k,&

1- Vaneku ls vkuaneku&ys[kd ek/ko jktokM+s] tks lu~ 1958 ls vaneku ds iz’kkld gSaA 2- ^fdyksZLdj*] twu 1960] jktokM+s dk ys[kA 3- ^/keZ;qx*] 3 ebZ] 1969] ,l-d`”.kewfrZ dk fganh ys[kA 4- ^dsljh*] 31 tuojh] 1960] olar jkepanz xks[kys dk ys[kA 5- 7 vkSj 14 tqykbZ] 1968 ds ^dsljh* esa Jh dkSf’kd dk ys[kA

80

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dke djok;k tkrkA tks Lor=a jgrs] os /kku dh [ksrh djrsA muds oa’ktksa dh tks cLrh c<+rh xbZ] mUgsa Qsjh vFkkZr~ ^Ýh* dgk tkrk gSA

vkt muesa fdrus lkjs f’kf{kr rFkk f’k”V yksx gSaA vkxs pydj fganqLFkku ls canh vkrs gh mUg sa dqN fnu ds fy, dkjkx`g esa j[kus dh

;kstuk cukbZ xbZA blds fy, vkSj vaneku fLFkr vijkf/k;ksa ds fy, ,d u;k fo’kky dkjkx`g cuk;k x;kA

th gka] ;gh gS og flYoj tsy vFkok Cellular Jaikl] vkxs pydj tgka jktuhfrd cafn;ksa dks o”kksZa rd can j[kus dh ifjikVh cu

xbZ& bruh dBksj fd ftldh ,dkar dksBjh esa djkgus dh izfr/ofu ,d ckj fganqLFkku ds rV rd Hkh lqukbZ nsA

81

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&7

vaneku esa

ty;ku vaneku ds canjxkg esa vkdj [kM+ a a[kM+ a aa[kM+ djrk gqvk ikuh esa yksgs dk yaxj Mkydj [kM+k gks x;kA¹25 /khjs&/khjs cM+h&cM+h

ukSdkvksa dk] tks cafn;ksa dks ys tkrh gSa] vkSj vf/kdkfj;ksa dh eksVjcksVksa dk te?kV ml ty;ku ds pkjksa vksj yx x;kA mrjus ds fy,

gesa tgkt ij dkQh le; [kM+s jguk iM+kA mruh nsj esa b/kj&m/kj n`f”V nkSM+kdj ml Hkwfe dk fufj{k.k fd;k tgka gesa vkthou jguk

FkkA iqjkus canh tks lkFk esa Fks vkSj dqN flikgh] os dqN tkudkjh ns nsrsA og jkl{hi gSA ogka vaneku dk phQ dfe’uj jgrk gSa lkxj

esa ;g }hi bl rjg ‘ksHkk;eku Fkk tSls >hy esa cuk;k gqvk fdlh vIljk dk egyA ,d izdkj ls og }hi vU; }hiksa dh rqyuk esa

bruk uUgk lk] lq?kM+ rFkk lq’kksfHkr Fkk fd iy Hkj ds fy, csfM+;ksa esa tdM+s eu dk Hkh euksjatu gks tkrk FkkA nwljh vksj vaneku ds

lkxj rV ds fudV lqnwj rFkk lqO;ofLFkr <ax ls yxkbZ gqbZ ukfj;y o`{k dh Jsf.k;ka >we jgh FkhA nwj&nwj rd vke] lqikjh rFkk ihiy

o`{k ds iqat fn[kkbZ ns jgs FksA fudV ?kkV ij euq”;ksa ds >qaM&ds&>qaM pgd jgs FksA mlds Åij gh ÅapkbZ ds fljs ij ukfj;y ds >wers

gq, N= ds uhps ,d o`Ÿkkdkj izkphj ds Hkhrj ,d HkO; Hkou fn[kkbZ fn;kA fdruk ‘kkar mlds bnZfxnZ ukfj;y] lqikjh rFkk dsys ds ou

paWoj Bqyk jgs Fks] N= idM+dj [kM+s FksA yxk tSls ;g fdlh laiUu rFkk ‘kk afrfiz; x`gLFk dh dksBh gks vFkok fdlh iknjh dk vkJeA

geus iwNk]^^og Hkou D;k gS\** flikgh us dgk] ^^vjs] ogh rks gS ckjh ckck dk flYoj tsyA** bl ckjh ckck dk vkSj flYoj tsy dj

mYys[k flikfg;ksa us cafn;ksa dks /kedkus ds fy, tgkt ij bruh ckj fd;k Fkk fd mu flikfg;ksa dh ekU;rk dqN xyr ugha FkhA ;g

flYoj tsy gS] ;g dgrs gh mlds vkarfjd Lo:i dk iw.kZ cks/k gks x;kA og vkSj vf/kd d`ikyq gksdj fcuk iwNs gh dgus yxk,** vc

25

ohj lkojdj 4 tqykbZ] 1911 ds fnu vaneku igqaps FksA

81

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


m/kj gh tkuk gSA ogha ckjh ckck ds ?kj ij Bgjuk gS vki lcdksA**

ge lHkh nafMrksa ds flj ij fcLrj RkFkk gkFk esa FkkyhikV nsdj ,d iafDr esa uhps mrkjk x;kA tgkt?kkV ij vkrs gh vU; cafn;ksa dks

flikfg;ksa rFkk cafn;ksa ds igjs esa Åij Hkstk x;k] dsoy eq>s gh ;wjksfi;uksa ds igjs esa vyx j[kk x;kA m/kj tgkt?kkV ij cSBs&cSBs esjs

eu esa fopkj vk x;k fd vaneku esa ,sls LFkku ij clk;k x;k gS fd fganqLFkku dh lkeqfnzd lqj{kk dh n`f”V ls mldk egŸo dHkh Hkh

de gksuk vlaHko gSA

vaneku&fudksckj dk ;g iwoZorhZ }hiiqat fganqLFkku ds iwoZ esa lkxj dk }kj gh gSA ;fn ;g }hi fganqLFkku ds vf/kdkj esa u gks vkSj

;fn mldk ijdksVk rFkk ;q}tU; ‘kfDr nqcZy gks rks iwjc dh vksj ls gksusokyk dksbZ Hkh leqnzh geyk dydŸkk rd tk igqapsxk] ijarq

;fn vaneku dk }hiiqat fganqLFkku dh lŸkk ds uhps jgsxk rks mls gokbZ ,oa lkxjh; Fkkus dh ;ksX;rk izkIr gks tk,xh vkSj izkphj n`<+

dh tk,xh] m/kj Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk dk ,d cy’kkyh csM+k lrr igjk nsxk vkSj iwoZorhZ fons’kh ‘k=q ds fdlh Hkh vkØe.k dk igyk

izfrdkj vaneku ds vkaxu esa gh fd;k tk ldsxkA vaneku dh cLrh rFkk l|% laLd`fr&lcdqN Hkkjrh; gksus ds dkj.k ml }hiiqat dk

Hkkjr dk gh ,d jktuhfrd foHkkx gksuk U;k;ksfpr gSA if’peh lkxj rV ij y{knho&ekynho tSls NksVs&NksVs }hi Hkh fganqLFkkuh

jkT;’kklu ds gkFk ls tc fudy x, rc ;wjksih; lkeqfnd vkØe.k fcYdqy ?kj ds }kj ij vkdj cacbZ] xksok dks [kV[kVkus yxsA mUgsa

nwj j[kdj jksdus ds fy, dksbZ Hkh mik; fganqLFkku dh rRdkyhu ns’kh lŸkk ugha dj ldhA vc Hkfo”; esa rks ;g Hkwy lq/kkj dj if’pe

dh vksj ekynho] nf{k.k dh vksj flagy }hi] iwjc dh vksj vaneku fudksckj }hiiqat& bu lHkh Lfkyksa dks cy’kkyh lkeqfnzd lSU;

f’kfoj rFkk lkxjh; nqxZ dk Lo:i nsuk pkfg,A¹26 vkt dsoy jktuhfrd la;ksxo’k flaxkiqj Hkkjrh; lkxj dh ukd gSA vaneku

izkd`frd pkSdh gS] D;ksafd vaneku flagy}hi dh rjg Hkkjr dk gh ,d izkd`frd rFkk lkaLd`frd va’k gSA

pyks] mBkvks fcLrjk!

Hkkoh Hkkjr ds cy’kkyh ;q}iksrksa dk csM+k vaneku ds izkax.k esa leqnzh nqxZ ds vkxs igjk nsrk gqvk esjh dYiuk rjax esa ygjku s gh yxk

Fkk fd ,d flikgh cM+h mn~naMrkiwoZd ngkM+k]^^pyks] mBkvks fcLrjk!** D;kasfd ,d ;wjksfi;u vf/kdkjh

26

Lkojdj ds bu nwjn`f”Viw.kZ fopkjksa us lu~ 1968 esa rc ewrZ :i xzg.k fd;k] tc Hkkjrh; ok;qlsuk vkSj ukSlsuk ds fBdkus esa cuk,

x,A

83

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fudV gh [kM+k FkkA izR;sd fganw Hkkjrh; iqfyl flikgh rFkk lSfud dh ;gh /kkj.kk gks tkrh gS fd vaxsztksa ds lkeus Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd

cafn;ksa ds lkFk ftruk vf/kd mn~naMkrkiwoZd O;ogkj djsa

mruk gh viuh inksUufr ds fy, ykHknk;d fl} gksxkA vaneku esa gksusokys vieku dk ;g dgQ okD; lwr mokp gh FkkA mB x;k]

viuk fcLrj flj ij mBk;k] gkFk esa FkkyhikV Fkkek] iSjksa dh Hkkjh csfM+;ka dej ls Bhd&Bhd dl yha vkSj [kM+k jgkA fdlh mPp

egku~ fopkjksa dh pksVh ls vpkud fdlh foo’k izfrdwy rFkk :[ks fopkjksa ds x<+s esa <dsyk tk, rks eu Hkh ?kk;y gksrk gS] tSls fd

vpkud ÅapkbZ ls uhps fxjus ij ‘kjhj grkgr gksrk gS] rFkkfi viuh dYiuk rjaxksa esa n`f”Vxkspj gqbZ Hkkoh Hkkjr dh cy’kkyh ukSl suk

dks ns[k Hkfo”; esa Lok/khu gksusokys Hkkjr ds dBksj ,oa foo’k orZeku ds ml ^pyks] mBkvks fcLrj dk lkeuk djus ds fy, eSa >V ls

rS;kj gks x;kA eq>s ?kkV ls fudydj ,d p<+kbZ ij p<+us dk vkns’k fn;k x;kA ij csfM+;ksa ls tdM+s gq, uaxs iSjksa ds dkj.k p<+u s esa

foyac gksus yxkA flikgh ls dgk] ^pyus nks mls] tYnh D;ksa epk jgs gks\** p<+rs le; esjs eu esa ,d gh fopkj eaMjk jgk Fkk]^ lkxj

ls ;g jkg pydj eSa Åij p<+ jgk gwa tks vaneku tkrh gSa vaneku ls okil Hkkjr ykSVus ds fy, blh ekxZ ls eSa bl tUe esa iqUk%

lkxj dh vksj vk Hkh ldwaxk\*

FkksM+h gh nsj esa p<+kbZ lekIr gks xbZ vkSj flYoj tsy dk }kj vk x;kA yksgs dh pqyksa ls nk<+ dM+dM+kus yxhA fQj ml dkjkx`g us

viuk tcM+k [kksyk vkSj esjs Hkhrj ?kqlus ds ckn og tcM+k tks can gqvk rks iqUk% X;kjg o”kZ ckn gh [kqykA

Ckkjh lkgc vkrk gS

Njokts ds Hkhrj iSj j[krs gh nks xksjs lktsZVksa us eq>s nksuksa ls idM+dj [kM+k fd;kA brus esa vkl&ikl ds izgfj;ksa esa [kqlj&Qqlj izkjaHk

gks xbZ&^ckjh lkgc vk jgk gSA* ckjh lkgc ls vf/kd fu”Bqj vFkok dBksj O;fDr mUgkasus dHkh ugha ns[kk Fkk] vr% os bl mRdaBk ls

esjh vksj rkdus yxs fd mldk uke ysrs gh esjs eq[k ij D;k izfrfØ;k gksrh gSA ijarq eSa rks ml Hkh”k.k HkO; dkjkx`g ds nks ykSg

njoktksa ds chp ds fgLls dks lq’kksfHkr djus ds fy, tks vkHkw”k.k /kkj.k fd, x, Fks] mUgsa ij[kus esa O;Lr FkkA fofHkUu izdkj ls

gFkdfM+;ka ,d&nwljh esa xwWaFkdj muds Hkn~ns] HkkasMs Qwy nhokj ij yxk, x, FksA iSjksa dh cM+h&cM+h csfM+;ka] naM&csfM+;ka vkSj vU; vk;q/k]

tks euq”; ds ‘kjhj dks d”V nsrs gSa] lkeus ds fgLls ij ,d iafDr esa yVd jgs FksA ml mxzrk dh Hkh ,d ‘kksHkk FkhA ml cs;kWusV]

canwdksa] csfM+;ksa

84

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gFkdfM+;ksa ds lkSE; vkHkw”k.kksa ls og Hkh”k.k rqjax bl rjg ‘kksHkk;eku gksrk tSls ,d tYykn lqanj oL= igudj QkWalh nsus ds fy, vkrs

gq, ‘kksfHkr gksrk gSA

ns’kksa dh Lora=rk&izkfIr dk bfrgkl i<+usokyksa vkSj r=LFk fuokZflrksa vkSj nafMrksa ds vkReo`r ns[kusokyksa us ftu n`’;ksa dk o.kZu fd;k gS]

ftls lqudj jksaxVs [kM+s gks tkrs gSa] ;g n`’; muls v{kj’k% esy [kkrk FkkA nksuksa mn~naM lktsZVksa us eq>s idM+dj m/kj bl rjg [kM+k

dj fn;k fd ml n`’; ds Hkh”k.k tcM+ksa ls esjk lkjk euks/kZ;Z pdukpwj gks tk,A og Hkh”k.rk esjh vksj vka[kksa ls vka[ksa ffeyk jgk FkkA

nksuksa dk ifjp; gks x;kA eq>s ,d vuks[kh] vn~Hkqr larqf”V feyhA vPNk] rks fQj eSaus tks i<+k og Lo;a vuqHko fd;k vkSj m/kj bu

n`’;ksa ds tcM+s esa fcuk VwVs fu”dai&fuHkZ;rk ds lkFk [kM+k gks x;kA fczLVu dh yanu fLFkr tsy esa eSaus ^nks ewfrZ* rjg ds mn~xkj esjs

àn; esa mHkjus yxsA

ckjh ckck dk mins’k

euksfodkjksa ds coaMj ls fdafpr NqVdkjk feyrs gh eSaus eqM+dj ns[kk rks ,d eksVk&rktk à”V&iq”V xksjk vf/kdkjh gkFk esa eksVk lk lksVk

idM+s esjh vksj ?kwj jgk FkkA rks ;s gh ckjh lkgc Fks! mUgksaus gsrqiwoZd vius vkxeu dh ckr esjs dkuksa esa Mkyh vkSj vc os fuR; ds

vuqHko ds vuqlkj bl vis{kk ds lkFk ;gka vk, Fks fd ;g cspkjk lgeh&lgeh utjksa ls mudh jkg dh vksj ns[krk gksxk] ijarq mlh

le; esjk eu mi;ZqDr fot;h fopkjksa esa eXu Fkk] vr% eq>s irk gh ugha pyk fd os dc vk x,A ml dkykof/k esa mUgsa esjh vksj

ns[krs jgus dh bPNk gqbZ gksxhA bl rjg esjk xqipqi fujh{k.k djrs TkSls gh esjh n`f”V muij iM+h oSls gh os esjh vksj ns[kh&vuns[kh

djrs gq, ml lktsZaV dks vkns’k nsus yxs] ^^Leave him, he is not a tiger.** ¼NksM+ nks bls] og dksbZ ck?k ugha gSA½ mlds ckn esjh

vksj ml eksVs lksVs dks y{; djrs gq, mUgksaus dgk] ^^Well, are you the man who tried to escape at Marseilles?**¼rqe gh og

vkneh gks ftlus ekLksZfyl ls Hkkxus dk iz;kl fd;k Fkk\½ mlds bl m}r Loj esa iwNs iz’u dk mrus gh m}r ijarq la;r Loj esa eSaus

mŸkj fn;k] ^^Yes, why?** ¼gkaW] D;ksa\½ esjs mŸkj ls ckjh lkgc dk Loj rfud uje gks x;kA dsoy dkSrwgyiw.kZ Loj esa mUgksaus dgk]

^^Why did you do that?**¼rqeus ,slk D;ksa fd;k\½ eSaus dgk] ^^ blds dkbZ dkj.k gSaA muesa ls ,d ;g gS fd bu lHkh d”Vksa ls eqfDr

feysA**

85

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


^^Ikjarq bu d”Vksa esa rks rqe Lo;a gh dwns Fks u!**

^^gka] ;g lp gSA D;kasfd bu d”Vksa esa dwnuk eq>s viuk drZO; yxkA vkSj mu d”Vksa ls ;FkklaHko eqDr gksuk Hkh eq>s drZO; gh izrhr

gqvkA**

^^ns[kks]** ckjh lkgc ,dne [kqydj galrs&galrs dgus yxk] ^^ eSa vaxzst ugha gwa] vk;fj’k gwaA mlh dkj.k esjs eu esa rqEgkjs izfr

vuknj vFkok frjLdkj mRiUu ugha gksrkA baXySaM esa eSaus viuh r:.kkbZ ds fnu fcrk, gSa vkSj mu yksxksa ds ln~xq.kksa dk eSa pkgusokyk

gwaA eSa ;g blfy, dg jgk gwa fd eSa vk;fj’k gwa& cpiu esa eSaus Hkh vk;jySaM dks vaxsztksa ds paxqy ls NqM+kus ds fy, fNM+s Lora=rk

laxzke esa fgLlk fy;k FkkA ijarq vc esjs eu us iyVh [kkbZ gSA vkSj ns[kks] eSa rqEgsa fe=rk ds ukrs ;g dg jgk gwaA rqe vHkh ;qok gks]

eSa rqels cM+k gwa] rqels vf/kd nqfu;k ns[kh gSA** ¼You are still young. But I am advanced in age.½ eSaus rqEgsa eqLdjkrs gq, chp esa

gh iwNk] ^^ And don’t you think that perhaps that may be the reason of the change that has come over you? Not

increasing wisdom but dwindling energy? ** pdjkrs gq, ckjh lkgc us dgk] ^^vki Bgjs cM+s cSfjLVj vkSj eSa ,d vui<+

tsyj] ijarq esjs bl mins’k dks rqPN er le>ukA gR;k gR;k gh gksrh gSA gR;kvksa ls dHkh Lora=rk ugha feysxhA** ¼Murders are

murders and they will never bring independence.½

^^fcYdqy lgh gSA ijarq vki igys ;gh ikB vk;jySaM ds flufQuokyksa dks D;ksa ugha i<+krs\ vkidks fdlus crk;k fd eSa gR;k dk

i{kikrh gwaA** ckr dk :[k cnyrs gq, mUgksaus dgk] ^^vc lqifjVsaMsaV lkgc i/kkj jgs gSaA okLro esa vkils esjk jktuhfr fo”k;d ppkZ

djuk fu;e ckã gSA ijarq vki tSls fo}ku] ;qok rFkk fo[;kr euq”; dks bl rjg ds eDdkj cnek’kksa esa ns[kdj var%dj.k NViVkrk

gS] blhfy, bruk dqN dgkA vc ihNs tks gqvk lks gqvkA mlls eq>s dksbZ ysuk&nsuk ugha gSA vki ;gka ds dkjkx`g ds fu;eksa dk ikyu

dhft,A cl] esjk dke gks x;kA fu;e ds fo:} O;ogkj er djukA vU;Fkk eq>s naM Hkh nsuk iM+sxkA** bl canhiky ds /;ku esa ;g

ckr ugha vkbZ fd viuk ;g dFku& cafn;ksa ds lkFk jktuhfr dh ppkZ er djuk&;g eSa fu;e fo:} O;ogkj dj jgk gwa&^rqe fu;e ds

fo:} vkpj.k er djuk vU;Fkk eq>s naM Hkh nsuk iM+sxk&* ;g dguk fdruk ifjgkliw.kZ gSA

^^vkSj vkidks ,d lko/kkuh dh lwpuk nsuk eSa viuk drZO; le>rk gwaA vki ;fn ;gka ls Hkkxus dh ps”Vk djsaxs rks Hk;adj ladV esa

iM+saxsA bl tsy ds bnZfxnZ ?kuk taxy gSA muesa egkØwj] [kwaW[kkj] u`’kal taxyh yksx jgrs gSaA os vkids tSls lqdqekj ckydksa dh Vksg esa

jgrs gSa] muds paxqy esa Qalrs gh os mls ddM+h tSlk

86

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Pkckrs gSaA galrs D;ksa gSa\ D;ksa teknkj] eSa tks dg jgk gwa lp gS ;k ugha\** teknkj us lpeqp eqtjk djrs gq, mudh gka esa gka

feykbZ,^^ lksyg vkus lp gS] lkgcA**

^^eSa Hkh tkurk gwa** eSaus dgk] ^^ idM+s tkrs gh eSaus izFker% tks iqLrd eaxokdj i<+h& og gS vaneku dk ljdkjh bfro`rA eSa Bhd rjg

ls tkurk gwa] iksVZ Cysvj eklsZfyl ugha gSA**

^^Bhd gSA ;g ns[kks vkSj tSlk eSa dgwa oSlk djksA eSa vkids dke vkÅaxkkA gka] teknkj] bUgsa Hkhrj ys tkvks vkSj lkr uacj dh pkyh

dh dksBjh esa can dj nksA**

87

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&8

dksBjh esa igyk lIrkg

eq>s ysdj og teknkj lkr uacj dh bekjr esa can djus py iM+kA jkLrs esa ,d gkSt fn[kkbZ fn;kA teknkj us dgk] ^^blesa ugk yksA**

pkj&ikap fnu gks x, Fks] eSa Luku ugha dj ldk FkkA lkxj ;k=k ls ‘kjhj vR;f/kd eSyk gks x;k Fkk] ?keksfj;ka fudy vkbZ FkhA vr%

Luku djus dh vuqefr feyrs gh eq>s vfr izlUurk gqbZA ijarq D;k fHkxksÅa\ teknkj us dkg] ^^yaxksVhA** vc dke djrs rFkk Luku

djrs le; fu;e ls yaxksVh iguuh iM+sxhA eu rfud f>>dk] iqu% dgk] ^vjs ixys] jkenkl Hkh rks yaxksVh gh iguk djrs Fks u! lHkh

tkurs gSa] rqEgkjs bu diM+ksa ds Hkhrj D;k gSA fQj fdlls fNik jgs gks\* blh fodkj dks feYVu us Honour dishonourable ¼ vkWuj

fMlvkWujscy½ dgk gSA ;wjksi esa ,slk ,d /keZiaFk Fkk] tks diM+s iguuk iki le>rk Fkk] D;ksafd vkne vkSj bZo nksuksa fu”iki voLFkk esa

uXu gh jgrs FksA bl iaFk ds vuq;k;h Hkh oSls gh jgrs FksA mUgsa ^vWMekbV* dgk tkrk FkkA orZeku ;wjksi esa Hkh /kEkZn`f”V ls u lgh]

‘kkL= n`f”V ls dbZ LFkkuksa ij L=h&iq:”kksa dh NksVh&NksVh cfLr;ka gSa] tks ,sls {ks= esa izLFkkfir fd, tkrs gSa fd ftuesa L=h&iq:”kksa ds fy,

ek= lnhZ fuokj.kkFkZ oL= iguuk {kek gS] blds vfrfjDr fuR; uXukoLFkk esa jgdj lw;Z izdk’k esa ‘kjhj vuko`r j[kuk vfuok;Z gksrk

gSA D;ksafd diM+ksa dk vR;kf/kd eksg] ‘kjhj dks lw;Zn’kZu yxHkx vkej.k vkSj ‘kk;n ejus ds Ik’pkr~ Hkh ;wjksi esa gksus ugha n srk] vr%

MkWDVjksa dh ;g jk; cu pqdh gS fd LokLF; dh n`f”V ls ;g gkfudkjd gSA bl rjg ds fopkj efLr”d esa eaMjk gh jgs Fks fd gkFkks a ls

QVkQV vius dIkM+s vkSj pM~Mh ¼dSfn;ksa dks fn;k tkusokyk ?kqVuk½ mrkjdj fcydqy uaxk gksdj yWaxksVh igu yhA vU; jktuhfrd

cafn;ksa dh rjg izFker% yWaxksVh igurs le; yTtko’k tks fgpfdpkgV gksrh gS] og ukVd ns[kus dks ugha feyus ds dkj.k mudh eqnzk ls

;g Li”V gks x;k fd muds vuqlkj eSa cgr gh fuyZTt euq”; gwaA tSls&tSls yaxksVh

88

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Ikgudj eSa izlUukrkiwoZd Luku djus x;kA eSa dVksjk ¼nafMr dks nh gqbZ Fkkyh½ Hkj&Hkjdj ikuh ysus yxkA brus esa teknkj fpYyk;k]

^^,slk er djksA ;g dkykikuh gS] HkkbZ! igys [kM+s jgksA fQj eSa dgwaxk ^ikuh yksA* fQj ikuh ysuk] og Hkh ,d dVksjkA fQj eSa dgwaxk]

^vax eyksA gkFk ls ‘kjhj jxM+ksaA* eSa dgwa] ^vkSj ikuh yks* fd iqu% nks dVksjs ikuh ysuk vkSj okil ykSVukA rhu dVksjksa&rhu Fkkfy;ksa&esa

Luku djuk gSA**

ml eqlyeku iBku teknkj dh vkKk lqurs gh eSa pkSad iM+kA eSa {k s=oklh gksus ds dkj.k ukfld&™;acd ds ladYi vuq’kklu ls Luku

djus dk vknh FkkA eu&gh&eu galrs gq, eSaus dgk] ^;g Hkh bl rjg dk ,d ladYi gh gSA og xksjs ikuh dk ldaYi Fkk] bls cl

dkysikuh dk ladYi dgk tk,A* ml nf<+;y nhf{kr us ;g ladYi&dFku izkjaHk fd;kA eSa Luku djus yxkA brus esa vka[ksa yi ls can gks

xbZA dqN Hkh ugha fn[k jgk Fkk vkSj cgqr rst tyu gksus yxh D;k gqvk\ ladYi esa dgha dqN Hkwy&pwd rks ugha gqbZ\ brus esa vatfy

Hkj xbZ vkSj ikuh eqag esa pyk x;k rks eq[k ^Fkw&Fkw* djrs gq, fonzksg ij rqy x;kA thHk ,dne [kkjh cu xbZA rc lkgl tqVkdj

teknkj ls iwNK] ^;g ikuh [kkjk dSls gqvk\** mlus dgk] ^^Hkyk leqanj dk ikuh dHkh ehBk gksrk gS\** rc /;ku vk;k fd ge leqnz

Luku dj jgs FksA ihus ds ikuh dh deh gksus ls vaneku esa Luku] diM+s /kksus vkfn ds fy, loZ= leqnz dk ikuh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

og Hkh fdlh dqaM esa lafprA

lkjk ru fpifpik gks x;kA cky dM+s&:[ksa&dBksj gks x, FksA dk’k] Luku ds ipM+s esa u gh iM+rkA ijarq iqu% lkspk] vc bldh vknr

Mkyuh gh iM+sxhA yanu] isfjl ds ^VfdZ’k ckFk* dk vkuan fy;k gS] vc ^vanekfu’k ckFkksa* dk vkuan ysuk pkfg,! jk”Vªh; ikiksa dk

{kkyu mŸke lkcqu rFkk lqxaf/kr rsy ey&eydj xje ikuh ds Qookjksa dh lq[kn Qqgkjksa Hkjs Lukuksa rFkk laLd`r ladYiksa }kjk ughaA ^yks

ikuh*& bu ddZ’k ‘kCnksa ds dBksj ladYi }kjk rhu dVksjs [kkjs ikuh ds Luku ls gh gksxkA

diM+s igudj vkxs c<+k rks ml f=ry ¼rhu ryh;½ bekjr ds n’kZu gq,A bldh Hkhrsa bZVksa rFkk iRFkjksa ls iDdh cukbZ gqbZ Fkh]

yach&yach ,d gh ÅapkbZ dh lyk[kksa ls mlesa fofHkUu [kkus cuk, gq, Fks] vkx ds Hk; ls mls dgha Hkh ydM+h dk Li’k Z ugha gksus fn;k

Fkk vkSj mlesa ,d tSlh] lizek.k jpuk ns[kdj eu bruk g”kZ&foHkksj gks x;k tSls eSa dksbZ lqxfBr gosyh ns[k jgk gwaA ;gh lkr uacj

pkyh gS] blh ds r`rh; ry ij eq>s jguk gSA okg! mŸke gok feysxh vkSj Hkjiwj izdk’k! ,slk viuk ?kj gksrk rks eSa fdruk Jhear

gksrk vkSj dnkfpr~ pkj&pkj eghus bl foLr`r Hkou esa vkSj bl gjs&Hkjs vkaxu esa lq[k ls jg tkrkA cl] bld canh’kkyk

89

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gksus dh Hkkouk dks R;kx nks rks bl gosyh esa Hkh jguk mruk nqLlg ughaA fuokl ds laca/k esa osnkafr;ksa dk ;g tks dFku gS fd ee vkSj

uee esa gh lq[k&nq%[k ds chp fufgr gSa] mudk ;g dguk O;FkZ ugha gSA Bhd gS] ;FkklaHko ;gh izo`fŸk j[kh tk,A bruk lqanj ?kj vkSj

og Hkh fcuk HkkM+s ds fey tk, rks mls canh’kkyk dgdj mlls O;FkZ Hk;Hkhr D;kas gksuk\ dqN fnu b/kj gh izlUurkiwoZd D;ksa u jgk

tk,\

ijarq dqN fnu vFkkZr~ fdrus fnu\ vk’kadk us iz’u mBk;k vkSj eSaus [kqlqj&Qqlqj dh] ^;gha ij rks Hksn gSA* vaneku ds fu;kekuqlkj Ng

eghuksa ds Ik’pkr~ cafn;ksa dks dkjkx`g ls ckgj NksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA vU; yksxksa dh vis{kk eq>ij Øks/k dqN vf/kd gS] rks

vf/kd&ls&vf/kd ,d o”kZ vanj j[ksaxsA flikfg;ksa us crk;k Fkk fd rhu o”kkZsa ds Åij fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks vkt rd flYoj tsy esa ,d

lkFk yxkrkj djuk ladV ds le; esjk vfr mi;qDr fu;e jgk Fkk] ftldk vuqlj.k djds eSaus lkspk] ^bldk vfHkizk; ;g fd

vf/kd&ls&vf/kd ikap o”kZ rd eq>s dksBjh esa can j[kk tk,xkA cl Bhd gS! Bl canhx`g dks] tks cqjk ugha gS] viuh gosyh le>dj

ikap o”kZ ;gha ij Msjk Mkyasxs] dkO;&jpuk djsaxs] ljdkjh vkKk ls ugha vfirq LosPN;k fu’p; ls ;g fu;e cuk ysaxsA*

blh ekufld f[kykSus ls [ksyrs&[ksyrs eSa r`rh; ry ij igaqp ml dksBjh ds }kj ds ikl [kM+k gh jg x;k FkkA bl dkj.ko’k fd eSa

m/kj vk jgk gwa] og iwjh bekjr ftlesa yxHkx Ms<+ lkS yksxk jgrs Fks] [kkyh dh xbZ FkhA dsoy n`f”V ls mŸke ijarq cafn;ksa dh n`f”V ls

pqxy[kksj] ikih] dqdehZ rhu ,sls okWMZjksa dks ogka j[kk x;k FkkA os rhuksa cywph rFkk iBku eqlyeku FksA jktuhfrd cafn;ksa ij vkSj

mlesa Hkh fo’ks”kdj eq>ij izk;% iBku] cywph eqlyekuksa ds vfrfjDr vU; fdlh dks Hkh igjsnkjh dk dke ugha lkSaik tkrkA ftldks ;g

dke lkSaik tkrk mls blesa viuk cM+k xkSjo yxrk] D;kasfd os bl ckr ij brjk ldrs Fks fd vf/kdkfj;ksa dk mu ij fdruk n`<+

fo’okl gSA muds ek/;e ls vf/kdkjh gekjs xqIr Hksn tku ldrs FksA lkFk gh os vf/kdkfj;ksa ds lHkh rjg ds vU;k;iw.kZ ,oa u`’kalrkiw.kZ

dke djus ds vH;Lr FksA vr% bu cywph vkSj iBku eqlyekuksa dks vf/kdkjh Hkh vf/kd <hy nsrs FksA mudk vfu;fer gh ugha

vuhfreku vkpj.k Hkh {kE; ekudj bl rjg dh uhfr viukrs fd vU; lHkh ij vkSj fo’ks”kr% fganqvksa ij mudk ncnck jgsA ge lc

jktcafn;ksa ds fganw gksus ds dkj.k vkSj ml canhx`g esa gekjs vkxeu ds dkj.k fganqvksa ij tSls ladVksa dk igkM+ gh VwV iM+k FkkA ge

fganw nafMrksa ij fganw teknkj j[kk tk,

90

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


rks mlds gels lgkuqHkfriw.kZ O;ogkj djus dh laHkkouk vf/kd gksrhA gekjs jktcanh gksus ls gekjh okLrfod xfrfof/k;ksa dks fry dk

rkM+ cukdj vkSj tks ugha Hkh gSa] mUgsa ued&fepZ yxkdj vf/kdkfj;ksa rd igqapkuk rFkk ;FkklaHko gels Øwjrkiw.kZ O;ogkj djuk fganqvksa

ds fy, bruk ljy ugha Fkk ftruk fd eqlyekuksa ds fy,A vr% fganqvksa ds fy, inksUufr vkSj osru&o`f} dfBu gksus yxkA

nwljh ckr ;g gS fd iBkuksa dks bu nq”Vkiw.kZ dk;ksaZ ds fy, flj ik p<+kuk] vf/kdkfj;ksa ds fy, vfuok;Z gks tkus ds dkj.k bu dqdehZ

eqlyekuksa dk] ftUgsa /kekZa/krk us ckY;dky ls ;g ?kqV~Vh fiykbZ Fkh fd fganqvksa dks vR;f/kd d”V nsus ls ^loZikia fou’;fr*] fganqvksa ds

fo:} feF;k pqxfy;ka] mykguksa dks [kM+k djds mUgsa vf/kdkf/kd ihM+k nsuk laHko gks x;k Fkk] D;kasfd lHkh dk vuqHkofl} fo’okl

Fkk&ckjh ckck eqlyekuksa ds fo:} ,d ‘kCn Hkh ugha lqusxkA bl izdkj fganw cafn;kssa dks vf/kdkfj;ksa esa Lfkku feyuk vlaHko gk s x;kA tks

fganw nafMr vf/kdkjh Fks] mu ij feF;k nks”kkjksi.k dj iBku cafn;ksa us mUgsa fudky fn;k vkSj iBku cafn;ksa dh vf/kdkfj;ksa ds inksa ij

ubZ Hkjrh gksrh jghA iBku vf/kdkjh fuR; iBkuksa dk i{k ysrsA mudh ;gh ,drk lRdekZsa eas ,d vkn’kZ fl} gksrhA muds bl esy ds

dkj.k iBku eqlyekuksa] fla/kh eqlyekuksa] cywph eqlyekuksa ds xqVksa ds canh vf/kdkjh viuh&viuh tkfr;ksa ds cafn;ksa dks ;FkklaHko

fganqvksa dks vf/kd&ls&vf/kd ;a=.kk nsus ds fy, izksRlkfgr djus yxsA vr% ge fganw jktcafn;ksa ds ml dkjkx`g esa izos’k djrs gh dsoy

ogha ij ugha vfirq laiw.kZ vaneku esa fganw nafMrksa rFkk nafMr vf/kdkfj;k s a dh nqnZ’kk dk dksbZ fBdkuk ugha jgkA bldk o`Ÿkkar /khjs&/khjs

vkxs vkrk gh jgsxk fd blds ifj.kke fdrus nwj&nwj rd igqaprs x, FksA og o`Ÿkkar Bhd&Bhd le> esa vk,] blfy, ;gha ij blds

ewy dkj.k dk FkksM+k lk fo’ys”k.k fd;k gSA bu eqlyekuksa esa iBku] fla/kh] cywph tSls O;fDrxr vioknksa dks NksM+dj izk;% vf/kdrj

eqlyeku vR;f/kd Øwj] u`’kal rFkk fganw&}s”k ls yckyc gq, gksrs A muls cgqr uhps iatkch eqlyeku rFkk vU; caxyk] ejkBh] rfey

vkfn eqlyeku canhoku O;fDrxr vioknksa dks NksM+dj izk;% u rks brus nq”V Fks vkSj u gh fganw&}s”k ls Hkjs gq,A rFkkfi mudh bl

lTturk dks nqxqZ.k ?kksf”kr dj mi;qZDr Øwj eqlyeku fuR; fu;e ls mu ij O;aX; djrs vkSj ^;g rks vk/kk dkfQj gh gS* dgdj

mudk migkl mM+krs] ifj.kkeLo:i ;s iatkcsrj eqlyeku Hkh /khjs&/khjs iBkuksa dk vuqdj.k djus yxrsA rFkkfi os r=LFk ljdkj ds

fo’oklik= ugha FksA vf/kdkfj;ksa dk :>ku O;qRØe ls mudh vksj gh vkdf”kZr gksrk tks vf/kd Øwj gksrs A

,rnFkZ eq> ij rks eqlyekuksa esa gh ugha] iBkuksa esa Hkh tks vR;ar cs’keZ okWMZj]

91

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


teknkj vFkok ^isVh vQlj* vFkkZr~ og canhoku vf/kdkjh] ftls cafn;ksa ls rjDdh feyh gks] fu;qDr fd;k tkrkA ,sls gh mu rhuksa

okWMZjksa ds gkFk eq>s lkSaidj dksBjh esa can dj] rkyk yxkdj og teknkj pyk x;kA

nwljs fnu izkr%dky yxHkx vkB cts os iBku okWMZj tYnh&tYnh esjh dksBjh ds lkeus vkdj cksys]^^lkgc vkrk gS] [kM+s jgksA** eSa }kj

ds fudV vk x;kA }kj vFkkZr~ dksBjh dh lyk[kksa dk fuR; can jgusokyk }kjA ckjh lkgc vius lkFk vkSj dqN xksjs yksx ysdj vk,

FksA ml dkjkx`g esa esjk vkxeu gksus ls ckjh lkgc dks ,d u;k egŸo izkIr gks x;k FkkA r=LFk ;wjksfi;u L=h&iq:”kksa dh eq>s ns[kus

rFkk ;FkklaHko esjs lkFk FkksM+k laHkk”k.k djus dh bPNk gksrh FkhA vr% mUgsa ckjh lkgc dh vkjrh mrkjus ds vfrfjDr vU; dksb Z mik;

gh ugha jgrkA dkQh vuqu;&fou; djus ds Ik’pkr~ vR;ar lko/kkuh ds lkFk] xqipqi ckjh lkgc mUgsa canhx`g esa ys vkrs vkSj eq>ls

HksaV djokdj vFkok nwj ls eq>s fn[kkdj bl rjg xaHkhj eqnzk cukrs fd rqe yksxksa ij igkM+ tSlk fo’kky midkj fd;k] vc eSA bl

foospuk esa xdZ gwa fd blds vkxs bls dSls ikj d:aA ^That will do! That will do!* dgrs gq, os vfrfFk;ksa dks ysdj >V ls okil

pys tkrsA eq>s ,sls dbZ xksjs lktsZaV rFkk efgykvksa ds mnkgj.k Kkr gSa tks ;g Lo.kZ volj ikus ds fy, ianzg&ianzg fnu ckjh lkgc dh

dksBh ij mudh vuqu;&fou; djrs jgs FksA

^^ljdkj!** okWMZj ds fpYykrs gh eSa ogka ds fu;ekuqlkj lh/kk [kM+k jgkA dksBjh dh lyk[kksa ds NksVs }kj esa ls ckjh lkgc ds fn[kus ds

igys gh mudh fudyh gqbZ rksan fn[kkbZ nsus yxrhA D;ksafd mudh og rksan] tks muds laiw.kZ ‘kjhj dks iNkM+rh gqbZ vkSj laiw.kZ fo’o dks

rqPNrkiwoZd pqukSfr nsrh gqbZ fn[krh Fkh] ml xqCckjs dh rjg xksy&eVksy] tks Ldwyksa esa i`Foh dk vkdkj fn[kkus ds fy, j[kk tkrk gS] nks

dne vuds vkxs Hkkxrh vkSj mudh bl rksan ij e/; rd p<+k, gq, iktkes ij og peM+s dk iV~Vk Hke/; js[kk dh rjg ‘kksHkk nsrkA

lu~ 1857 ds fonzksg dh ppkZ

ckjh lkgc us izkjaHk fd;k] ^^yksxksa us vkidks crk;k gh gksxk fd eSa vkidk canhiky ¼Jailer½ gwa** eSaus dsoy lfLer ns[kkA ^^ijarq eSa

vkils dgrk gwa fd eSa vkidk ,d fe= gwaA** lkFk esa vk, gq, vfrfFk ekSu Fks] D;kasfd ckjh lkgc izR;{k cksyus dk vf/kdkj vius

fo’ks”k peps dks gh nsrk] vU; yksxksa dks ughaA** eq>s vki tSls f’kf{kr] i<s+&fy[ks euq”; ls laHkk”k.k djuk cM+k vPNk yxrk gSA vr% eSa

bl rjg dHkh&dHkh ;aw gh [kqydj okŸkkZyki djus vk tkrk gwaA vkius lu~ 1857 ds ml

92

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


nq”Vrkiw.kZ fonzksg dk bfrgkl fy[kk gS u~**¹27 os tc cksy jgs Fks eSa dsoy lfLer eqnzk esa ns[k jgk FkkA eSaus Hkkai fy;k fd egk’k;

Vvksyus i/kkjs gq, gSa vkSj ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd esjh lkekU; izo`fŸk dks ns[kuk gh mudk mn~ns’; gSA eSa Hkh lksp jgk Fkk* pyks] mudh

ckr lquus esa le; dk Hkkj rks rfud gydk gksxk] tks bl dky dksBjh esa Hkkjh gks x;k gSA eSaus dgk] ^^;g lp gS fd ml fo”k; ij

eSaus <sj lkjh iqLrdsa i<+h gSaA** mUgkasus dgk]^^ rks fQj ,sls nq”V yksxksa ls vkidks f?ku ugha vkrh\ D;k Fkh mudh iS’kkfpd ØwjrkA esjs

firk Lo;a ml fonzksg esa Qal x, FksA os gesa crk;k djrs] ^ml v/ke ukuk lkgc us dkuiqj esa Lo;a lH; vaxszt efgykvksa ij HkksaMs

vR;kpkj djds muds eqag esa a a a a!* ,sls ujjk{kl Fks os!** eSaus iwNk]** D;k vkids firkth us viuh vka[kksa ls ns[kk\ mUgksaus >V ls dgk]

^^,d duZy us crk;k] ftlus y[kuÅ esa ;g d`R; izR;{k ns[kk FkkA** eSaus dgk] ^^rks fQj ;g vo’; feF;k gksuk pkfg,A D;kasfd tc

vaxszt efgykvksa rFkk iq:”kksa dks canhx`g esa Mkyk x;k rc ukuk dkuiqj esa Fks] u fd y[kuÅ esaA** esjh ckr vulquh djrs gq, ckjh

lkgc us dgk]^^,sls lSdM+ksa mnkgj.k gSaA** eSaus dgk] ^^gksaxs! tSlh;g eux<+ar] lquh&lukbZ nardFkk gS oSlh gh os Hkh gksaxhA**

vc vfrfFk;ksa esa ls ,d us] tks lTtu fn[k jgs Fks] dgk]^^ijarq dqy feykdj ukuk lkgc] rkR;k Vksis vkfn LokFkhZ fonzksfg;ksa ls vkidks

?k`.kk ugha gksrh D;k\** eSaus muls dgk]^^;fn vki bl fo”k; ij dkjkx`g esa ppkZ djuk mfpr le>rs gSa rks eSa djrk gwaA ijarq ;gka eSa

,d nafMr gwa vkSj ;s canhikyA ;fn ppkZ gh djuh gS rks ml le; rd cjkcjh dk laca/k vkidks Lohdkj djuk gksxkA vU;Fkk vkidks

;g Lohdkj djuk gksxk fd c anhoku le>dj esjs eqag ij rkyk Bksaddj esjs jk”V ª ds bfrgkl ls lacaf/kr ,di{kh; rFkk viekutud

mYys[k djuk fuanuh; rFkk dk;jrkiw.kZ d`R; gSA** ckjh lkgc us dgk]^^ ugha&ugha] eSa vkils igys Hkh dg pqdk gwa fd eSa ;gka ,d

fgrS”kh ds ukrs [kM+k gwaA vki tks pkgs ppkZ dhft,A** ^^rks fQj**] eSaus mŸkj fn;k] ^^eSa [kqydj viuh jk; izLrqr djrk gwaA eSa tkurk

gwa] esjs fopkj vkidks iz{kksHkd] rh[ks] mxz izrhr gksaxs vkSj gks ldrk gS] bl ppkZ dk mn~ns’; Hkh ;gh vktekuk gks fd os oSls gSa ;k

ughaA ijarq eq>s mUgsa fNikus dh dHkh vko’;drk izrhr ugha gqbZA ;s ,sfrgkfld iz’u gSaA vkSj ;fn buds dkj.k eq>s d”V] vR;kpkj

lgus iM+sa rks Hkh muds Hk; ls EkSa vius jk”Vª ds bfrgkl dk vkSj izeq[k Hkwfedkvksa dk vieku

27

lu~ 1857 dk Lokra™;&lej* ohj lkojdj fyf[kr iqLrd ml le; xqIr :i ls NiokbZ xbZ FkhA rc mlij ikcanh yxh Fkh] mls vc gVk;k x;k gSA vusd Hkk”kkvksa esa mlds vuqokn Hkh izdkf’kr gks pqds gSaA

93

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Pk qipki lwuuk Hkh:rk] dkiq:”krk le>rk gwaA vkius ukuk lkgc laca/kh tks nardFkk lqukbZ] mldh lR;klR;rk dk fu.kZ; djus ds fy,

vaxsztksa us ,d ljdkjh deh’ku fu;qDr fd;k FkkA mlus ;g fu.kZ; fn;k fd vaxszt efgykvksa ij fd, x, uSfrd vR;kpkjksa ds o.kZu

feF;k rFkk vfrjaftr FksA og vaxszth Nkouh ds xksjs lksYtjksa ds dqfRlr efLr”d dh mit gSA**

dkSu ugha gksrk LokFkhZ

^^vkius ukuk lkgc vkSj rkR;k Vksis dks LokFkhZ dgk\** gka^^**] ml vfrfFk us dgk] ^^D;kasfd ukuk lkgc jktk cuuk pkgrs Fks vkSj

rkR;k dks egkurk pkfg, FkhA** eSaus dgk] ^^vkidh ;g ckr Bhd gS] vkSj ;g Hkh fcydqy lR; gS fd foDVj bE;kuq,y dks bVyh dk

jktk cuuk Fkk] okf’kaxVu jk”Vªifr cuuk pkgrs Fks vkSj xSjhckYMh dks Hkh egkurk dh vko’;drk Fkh! okLro esa os viuh tkrh;

Lora=rk ds fy, yM+s vkSj ;s viuhA** ^^rks fQj vkius Hkh fonzksg dk >aMk rks ugha ygjk;k\** ckjh us iwNkA eSaus mŸkj fn;k]^^;g iz’u

loZFkk Lora= gSA ;g dguk fd lu~ 1857 dk Lora=rk laxzke fNM+ x;k blfy, vkt Hkh og fNM+uk pkfg,&esjs fopkj ls nksuksa gh

ew[kZrk ds y{k.k gSaA** eSaus ns[kk] mu vfrfFk;ksa us lu~ 1857 ds jk”Vªh; bfrgkl ij fyf[kr ,d&nks iqLrdsa i<+h gSaA mUgksaus chp esa gh

dgk] ^^rks fQj vki ;g izfrikfnr rks ugha djuk pkgrs fd ;g loZFkk xyr vkSj xi gS fd fonzksfg;ksa us vaxzst efgykvksa dk dRy

fd;kA** eSaus dgk] ^^,slk dkSu dgrk gS\ og ckr lR; gS] vkSj d:.kktud HkhA ijarq egŸoiw.kZ iz’u ;g gS fd mldk dkj.k D;k gS\

mu efgykvksa ds lkFk izFker% oSlk gh O;ogkj fd;k x;k tSlk ;q}cafn;ksa ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gS&;g muesa ls ‘ks”k efgykvksa rFkk vU;

yksxksa ds lk{; ls Li”V gSA ml deh’ku ds lkeus tks lk{; j[ks x,] mUgsa eSaus izdkf’kr fd;k gSA ijarq tc vaxzst lsuk dkuiqj ij

vf/kdkj djus vkxs c<+h rks bykgkckn ds vkl&ikl ds xkaoksa esa vkx yxkdj yksxksa dks thfor tykus yxh vkSj ml vfXudkaM esa

jk”Vªh; fonzksg esa tku gFksyh ij ysdj yM+usokys lSdM+ksa ns’kHkDrksa ds choh&cPpksa dh [kqysvke gksyh tyk nh xbZA rc bu okŸkkZvksa ls

dkuiqj ds Økafrdkfj;ksa dh lsuk esa Hk;adj {kksHk mRiUu gqvkA brus esa tks vaxszt efgyk,a ;q}cafn;ksa ds :i esa dkjkx`g esa Fkh] muds

vkØe.kdkjh vaxszt lsuk dks Hksts x, xqIr i= vkSj muds Økafrdkjh lsuk dks Hksts lekpkj igqapkusokys lans’kokgd idM+s tkus ls

fp<+dj mu efgykvksa dh gR;k dh xbZA**

94

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


nksuksa gh leku Fks

^^bl u`’kal deZ dks mruk gh nks”k nsuk pkfg, ftruk vaxszth lsuk ds vR;kpkjksa dksA D;k mUgsa nks”kh ugha Bgjkuk pkfg,] ftudh og

vkaf’kd rFkk vYi ek=k esa izfrfØ;k Fkh\ D;k vki ;g le>rs gSa fd vk;jySaM esa MªkWpsMk ds dRy ls ØkWeosy dks uji’kq Bgjkrs gq,

baXySaM dks yfTtr gksuk pkfg, Fkk\ Hk;adj vkSj jk”Vªh; Økkafr ds izlax esa bl rjg ds Hk;adj d`R; ?kVrs gSa ;g fdruh gh m}sxtud

ckr D;ksa u gks] rFkkfi mlls ml Økafr ds ewyHkwr mn~ns’; dk fojks/k djus dk dksbZ dkj.k ugha gSA ukuk dh vkKk ds fcuk mudh lsuk

ds ØkafUrdkjh lSfudksa ds vkn’kZ dk f’kdkj cuh izR;sd vaxszt efgyk ds o/k ds iwoZ gh dsoy fonzksfg;ksa dh ukd esa lqryh fijksus ds fy,

Hkkjrh; yksxksa dh nl&nl fL=;ka vaxszth&lsuk ds vfXudkaM dk f’kdkj cu xbZA ml vaxzst lsukuh ds baXySaM esa iqrys [kM+s fd, x,A

uhy viuh nSfudh esa dgrh gS] ^^vaxzst jk”Vª ds dY;k.kkFkZ bl funZ;rk dk voyacu djuk esjk drZO; FkkA* lu~ 1857 ds Økafrdkfj;ks a

dks Hkh D;k ogh leFkZu mi;qDr ugha gksxk\ ;fn nks”kh gSa rks ge nksuksa] de&vf/kd ek=k esa nks”kh gSa] ugha rks dksbZ Hkh ughaA** vfrfFk

egksn; us dgk]^^esjk fo’okl gS fd og fonzksg jktuhfrd Lok/khurk ds fy, gh Fkk vkSj tks vusd v’yhy vQokgsa mu flikfg;ksa ds

laca/k esa Qsyh gqbZ gSa os Hkh cgqrka’k esa fujk/kkj gSa] csflj&i Sj dh gSaA ijarq vkt mlls D;k ikB fy;k tk,\**

^^;g esjh leL;k ugha gSA dsoy ,sfrgkfld ?kVuk Fkh] blfy, eSaus vruh ppkZ dhA izLrqr laca/k esa eSaus igys tks dqN dgk mlds

vfrfjDr vkt bl ij eq>s dqN Hkh dguk laHko ugha gSA**

^^Bhd gSA vkt u lgh] fQj dHkh ppkZ djsaxsA** bl rjg lgtrkiwoZd cksyus ds lkFk esjs LokLF; ds laca/k esa lgkuqHkwfr iwNrkN djds

ckjh lkgc pys x,A

vuq”Vqi~ Nan

vxys nks fnu eq>s dqN Hkh ugha fn;k x;kA eq>ls dgk x;k] eghuk&nks eghuk esjk O;ogkj ns[kdj eq>s iqLrd nh tk,xhA dkxt dk

VqdM+k feyuk rks loZFkk vlaHko Fkk] ckr djus ds fy, fpfM+;k rd ugha FkhA rc bl dkydksBjh esa fnu dkVus dk mŸke lk/ku eSaus

fuf’pr fd;k] mu dforkvksa dh jpuk djuk tks ihNs vkjaHk dh FkhA chp ds dky[kaM esa leqnz ;k=k dh gM+cM+kgV esa og dke Bii

gks x;k Fkk] D;kasfd ogka ckr djus rFkk i<+us ds fy, fey tkus ds dkj.k yksxksa esa fopkjksa dk izlkj.k djus dk nwljk dk;Z laHko gks

ldk FkkA dfork&jpuk djus dk

95

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fu’p; djrs gh eu es lkspk] ejkBh esa vuq”Vqi~ Nan dk izpkj yqIrizk; gh gks x;k gSA ;g bhd ughaA bl e/kqj ifjfpr vkSj dkO;

fo/kk ds fy, vuqdwy vuq”Vqi~ dh] ftlesa jkek;.k&egkHkkjr tSls egkdkO; dk xku fd;k tkrk gS] xhrk ljh[kk n’kZu Hkh ftlesa vPNh

rjg O;Dr gks ldrk gS] mis{kk djuk gkfudkjd] funZ;rk rFkk ejkBh Hkk”kk ds fy, ykaNukLin gSA eksjks iar ds vuq”Vqi~ gSa vkSj dqN

leFkZ jkenkl ds] ckdh mls ¼vuq”Vqi~ Nan dks½ dksbZ iwNrk rd ughaA vr% mlh esa ,d eatqy] yfyr] NksVh lh dkO;&jpuk D;ksa u dh

tk,A rc Lej.k djus yxk] bl o`Ÿk ds fu;e D;k gSaA dqN Lej.k gh ugha vk jgk FkkA lkFk esa o`Ÿk niZ.k Hkh ugha FkkA vU; vuq”Vqi~

;FkklaHko Lej.k djrs] mUgsa cksydj vkSj muesa fu;e <wa<+dj mudk eaFku djrk jgkA lkjk fnu blh ekFkkiPph esa chr x;kA ek=kvksa

dh fxurh djsa rks fdlh esa vBkjg] fdlh esa chl rks fdlh esa iPphlA fdlh dk fdlh ls rkyesy ughaA vPNk] x.ko`Ÿk dgk tk, rks

x.k Hkh dgka esy [kk jgs gSa\ ; x.k ns[kk] Hk x.k ns[kk&x.kksa esa rks mldh x.kuk gh ughaA brus esa >V ls cpiu esa jVk&jVkdj ,d

pj.k Lej.k gqvk ftlus gkgkdkj epk fn;kA ^vuq”Vqi~ Nan og ftldk dksbZ fu;e gh ughaA ¼ vuq”Vqi~ Nan rs T;kyk ,d use uls

x.kha½A* ^fu;e gh ugha*&,sls ‘kkL= opu ls izHkkfor gksus ds dkj.k ek= Jqfr lq[k ij gh fuHkZj jgdj eSaus vuq”Vqi~ jpuk dk likVk

yxk;kA

rhu&pkj fnuksa ds gekjs bl cykRdkj ls {kqC/k gksdj gh ekuks o`ŸkniZ.kkarxZr bl rhljs pj.k us Øks/k ls rko [kkdj Lo;a dks izdV

fd;k] tSls izkphu dky esa fu”kknkfo}kaM n’kZu ls iz{kqC/k gksdj vkfndfo ds ‘kksd us ‘yksd :i /kkj.k djds ml izFke vuq”Vqi~ dk

mPpkj.k fd;k FkkA gekjs Le`r x.k esa mPpkj.k gqvk* v{kjs pj.kh vkB* rks fQj vuq”Vqi~ dks ^,d x.k fu;e ugha* in izFke nsrs gq,

fQj fu;e dk in xzg.k dj o`ŸkniZ.kdkjksa us dSlk pdek fn;kA vkB v{kjksa ds fu;e dk Lej.k gksrs gh lkjh xazfFk;ka Bhd&Bhd cSB

xbZA ijarq vius jps gq, v vuq”Vqi~ dh vksj n`f”V Mkyh tk, rks ets&gh&etsA fdlh ds pj.k esa vkB v{kj rks fdlh ds nl rks fdlh

ds chlA fdlh dk fdlh ls esy ughaA vFkkZr~ bu lkjs vuq”Vqi~ dh f}rh; vkofŸk djus ij Hkh ;g lekIr ugha gqvk] D;kasfd dsoy

vkB v{kj fxu ysus ij Hkh dHkh&dHkh og vuq”Vqi~ dh pky ls fdlh Hkh rjg ls ugha py jgk Fkk vkSj /kIi ls cSB tkrk FkkA igys

Jqfr lq[k ls pdek fn;k rks vc ‘kkL=&fu;eks us mnkgj.kkFkZ ^lfyykr~ unhP;k R;k izfrfcfcar th i|s* ¼unh ds ftl ikuh esa os i|

izfrfcfcar gks jgs Fks½&bl pj.k esa vkB&vkB v{kj gksus ls Hkh os var esa vuq”Vqi~ dh pky ls pyus esa Li”V fojks/k djrs gSaA rc dqN

vkSj fnuksa ds Ik’pkr~

96

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


mikaR; àLo tSls ,d&nks lw{e fu;e tks o`ŸkniZ.k esa ugha fn, x, Fks] Lo;a gh <wa<+ fudkyus iM+s A rc fojfpr vuq”Vqi~ dks f?kl&f?kldj

rhljk laLdj.k fudkyuk iM+kA ;g lkjk xksj[k/ak/kk lk/kukHkko ds dkj.k djuk iM+kA o`Ÿk’kkL= dh ,d Hkh iqLrd feyrh rks ,d ?kaVs esa

fu.kZ; gks tkrkA dkjkx`g esa eSa tks lkfgR;&l`tu dj ldk] mlds fy, lk/ku&lkexzh dk vHkko gksus ds dkj.k dkQh =kl gqvk&,d

rkjh[k ds fy,] ,d ‘kCn ds fy, vkB&vkB fnu vVduk iM+rkA dYiuk yk[k vPNh gksus ij Hkh mls R;kxuk iM+rkA o”kksZa rd mlh ij

fuokZg djuk iM+rk tks Le`fr esa FkkA

ijarq vkf[kj vuq”Vqi~ lQy gks x;k vkSj bl o`Ÿk esa gh dkjkokl dh ml lkr uacj dh ,dkar dksBjh esa ^deyk*¹28 dk vj>; dey

f[kyus yxkA

dkjkx`g dh izFke xqIr fpV~Bh

vkt eq>s bl dksBjh esa can gq, pkj&ikap fnu chr x, gksaxsA vHkh rd ml iwjs foHkkx esa esjs vfrfjDr ,d Hkh canh ugha NksM+k x;k

Fkk] rkfd eq>s dksbZ Hkh lekpkj u fey ldsA Luku ds fy, Hkh lkeusokyh dksBjh] tks bekjr dk vkus&tkus dk jkLrk Fkk] dh vksj gh

ikuh feyrkA eSa r`rh; ry dh pkyh esa jgrk FkkA Hkhr esa ,d gh uki dh lyk[ksa Bqdh gqbZ] og jkLrk vkSj mlds ihNs dksBfj;ksa dh

iafDr& bu pkyksa dk ,slk gh Lo:i FkkA Hkkstu ls fuiVdj FkksM+k le; gks x;k FkkA nksigj ds le; dksBjh esa cSK Fkk fd uhps ls ,d

NksVk lk iRFkj lyk[kksa ls Vdjk;k vkSj uhps fxj x;kA iqu% uhps ls fdlh us Bhd rjg ls QsadkA og lyk[kksa ls fudydj esjh dksBjh

ds }kj ij vk fxjkA eSa [kM+k gh FkkA lkeus ns[kk rks ,d okWMZj og iRFkj mBkus ds fy, ladsr djds pyk x;kA eSaus og iRFkj mBk;k

rks mlesa ca/ks dkxt ij fy[kh fpV~Bh feyhA eSa mls [kksydj i<+us gh yxk Fkk] brus esa uhps ‘kksjxqy lqukbZ fn;kA eSa pkSad mBk vkSj

njokts ds fudV vkdj ns[kk rks uhps vkaxu esa isVh vQlj dks og okWMZj] tks esjs igjs ij jgrk Fkk] tksj&tksj ls vkokt nsdj cqyk

jgk FkkA eSaus mlh le; rkM+ fy;k fd bl iBku okWMZj us] tks igjs ij Fkk] ml okWMZj dks fpV~Bh Qasdrs gq, ns[kk gksxk vkSj mls

idM+us ds fy, vFkok esjh dksBjh [kksydj ryk’kh ysus ds fy, ;g isVh vQlj dks cqyk jgk gSA brus esa og ;enwr esjh dksBjh ds

lkeus [kM+k gks x;kA ijarq og fpV~Bh QkM+ Mkyus ds fy, esjk eu ugha dj jgk Fkk] D;kasfd brus lkgl ds lkFk ftlus ;g fpV~Bh eq>s

igqapkbZ og blfy, fd mlesa

28

bl ^deyk* dkO; d svc vusd laLdj.k fudy pqds gSaA lkojdj lexz okM~e;] [kaM&7 esa ;g ^deyk* dkO; izfl} gks pqdk gS vkSj

mldk laLd`r vuqokn Hkh izfl} gks x;k gSA

97

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dqN egŸoiw.kZ lans’k gksxkA ijarq mls dgha Hkh fNikuk vlaHko izrhr gks jgk FkkA feuVksa esa rkyk [kqysxkA fpV~Bh fey xbZ rks og okWMZj]

tks bl yk;k Fkk] os yksx ftUgksaus ;g Hksth Fkh vkSj ftuds bl fpV~Bh esa uke gSa& lHkh ladV esa iM+saxsA vr% dksBjh ds ,d dksus esa]

bl okWMZj ls cprs gq,] >V ls ‘kjhj ds gh ,sls LFkku ij fpV~Bh fNikus ds vfrfjDr] tgka Nqikuh pkfg,] vU; dksbZ pkjk ugha jgkA

eSaus mls bl rjg fNik;k fd mlesa tks dqN xksiuh; ckr gksxh mls uqdlku u igqapsA brus esa isVh vQlj vk x;kA mlus

mn~naMrkiwoZd iwNk]^^fpV~Bh dgka gS\ dadM+ fdlus mBk;k\** eSaus dgk] ^^eSa dqN ugha tkurkA** esjs igjs ij og iBku okWMZj] bl rjg

ds fu’fpr fopkj esa eXu Fkk fd brus l{r cankscLr esa dkSu vk ldrk gS Hkyk! brus esa ml iRFkj dh vkokt gksus ls og mBdj

ns[kus yxk rk s mls og uhps [kM+k okWMZj eq>s dqN ladsr djrk gqvk fn[kkbZ fn;kA lansgo’k mlus gkad yxkbZA mlesa Hkh og okWMZj fganw

FkkA vr% mls idM+dj ¼in ls½ gVkus ij vius ,d iBku dks okWMZj cukus dk volj feyrkA blhfy, mlus gaxkek [kM+k fd;kA esjh

pkyh ij fu;qDr og isVh vQlj Hkh eqlyeku gh Fkk] D;kasfd ljdkjh izfrKk ;g Fkh fd esjs ijl fdlh Hkh fganw dks QVdus ugha nsuk

gSA vkf[kj esjh dksBjh dk njoktk [kksydj ml isVh vQlj us esjs ‘kjhj dh ryk’kh yhA pM~Mh] cfu;ku dh flykbZ Hkh VVksydj

ns[kh] ijarq fpV~Bh ugha feyhA ml fganw okWMZj dh Hkh ryk’kh yh xbZA mlds ikl Hkh dqN ugha feykA vFkkZr~ ;g izdj.k brus ij gh

lekIr gks x;kA

lko/kkuh dh lwpuk

mu lcds pys tkus ds ckn eSaus ‘kjhj ls fpV~Bh fudkydj i<+ yhA mlesa dkjkx`g dh fLFkfr dk o.kZu Fkk] ftlls eq>s bl ckr dk

Kku gks lds fd fdlls dSls O;ogkj d:aA ml le; dkjkx`g esa caxky ds ekf.kd Vksys ds yksx] bykgkckn ds Lojkt i= ds rhu&pkj

laiknd] cl brus gh jktcanh FksA ftUgkasus eq>s ;g fpV~Bh fHktokbZ Fkh] os esjs iwoZ ifjfpr caxkyh fe=ksa esa ls ,d FksA mUgks aus bl rjg

lans’k Hkstk Fkk fd jktcanh gksus ds dkj.k gh lkekU;r% fdlh ij fo’okl u djsaA caxkyh yksxksa esa idM+&/kdM+ gksus ds mijjkar dqN

yksx ljdkj esa xqIr okŸkkZvksa dk Hksn [kksy jgs gSaA vr% m/kj ge yksxksa esa nks i{k gks x, gSA&,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd veqd&veqd

O;fDr;ksa dk fQygky cl bruk gh dke fuf’pr gS fd vf/kdkfj;ksa dks izlUu djds dksYgw dh Hk;adj ;a=.kkvksa ls viuh tku cpk,aA

mlds fy, mUgksaus mu yksxksa ds uke crk fn, ftUgsa fiNys vkanksyu esa idM+k ugha x;k FkkA ijarq b/kj Hkh og vf/kdkfj;ksa dks lwfpr

djrk gS fd ge D;k ckrphr djrs gSa] D;k dj

98

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


jgs gSaA vr% veqd O;fDr ij fo’okl er dhft,xkA

caxky ds “kM~;a= ds yksxksa dh QwV ds laca/k esa i<+dj eq>s dksbZ fo’ks”k vk?kkr ugha igqapkA D;kasfd tc eSa tsy ls ckgj Fkk RkHkh eq>s Kkr

gks x;k Fkk fd muesa ls izeq[k O;fDr ds idM+s tkrs gh dqN yksxksa ds /khjt dk cka/k VwV x;k vkSj dydŸkk ds dkjkxkj esa gh ijLij

fo’okl?kkr djus dh tSls gksM+ yx xbZ FkhA dqN yksxksa dk ;|fi bl rjg v/k%iru gks pqdk Fkk] ijarq lHkh fo’okl?kkrh ugha Fks] u gh

lHkh dk /kS;Z Hkax gqvk FkkA bruk gh ugha] muesa ls mu yksxksa dk] ftudk bl rjg ds d”V u lg ldus ds dkj.k v/k%iru gks x;k

Fkk] mudh Hkh fiNyh lsok] ns’kHkfDr vkSj LokFkZr;kx tSls ln~xq.kksa dk foLej.k djuk eq>s vU;k; izrhr gksrk FkkA ;gka ij ;g Li”V

djuk vko’;d gS fd bl dF; ds ;s vFkok vU; fopkj Hkkouk ds :i esa eSa ugha crkj jgk] eSa ;g dF; dFku dj jgk gwa fd Øe’k%

ml izlaxkuq:i eq>s D;k izrhr gqvk vkSj eq>s D;k djuk iM+kA eSa rks dsoy bfrgkl dk gh o.kZu dj jgk gwaA eSaus bldh ppkZ rks

fcydqy ugha dh fd mlds laca/k esa eq>s D;k izrhr gqvk vkSj tks gqvk lks vPNk gqvk ;k cqjkA ;g ppkZ djus dk izLrqr Lfky ij gsrw

Hkh ugha gSA og iz’u loZFkk Lora= j[kdj ikBd bu Le`fr;ksa dks i<+ ysa& bl rjg lko/kkuh dh lwpuk iqu% ,d ckj nsuk eSa viuk

drZO; le>rk gwaA

xqIrpjksa dk dke

caxkyh jkT;&Økafrdkfj;ksa esa ls dqN izeq[k O;fDr;ksa dks tc d”V >syuk vLkaHko gks x;k rc mUgksaus lkspk] tSls&tSls ladVksa dk csM+k ikj

dj ysa vkSj bl vkRej{kkRed cqf} ds dkj.k vius lkfFk;ksa] vuq;kf;;ksa vkSj bruk gh ugha] esjs tSls dsoy dkjkokl esa gh izR;{k

ifjfpr gq, O;fDr;ksa dh xfrfof/k;ksa rFkk okŸkkZyki dh Hkh xqIr lwpuk vaxszt vf/kdkfj;ksa dks nsrs le; mUgkasus vkxs&ihNs ugha ns[kkA ;g

ckr lR; gksus ij Hkh] mlds ckjs esa lksprs le; gesa ;g /;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd mUgsa mruh gh ?kksj ;a=uk,a] vogsyuk rFkk Hk;adj

‘kkjhfjd d”V >syus iM+s] ftlls os bl euksn’kk rd igqap x,A mu ij nks”kkjksi.k djus dk vf/kdkj cl mUgha dks gS tks oSls gh vikj

‘kkjhfjd dk”V rFkk ekufld ;a=.kk,a lgrs gq, Hkh fopfyr ugha gq, FksA laiw.kZ thou vkjkedqlhZ ij ysVdj fcrkusokys fdlh xkscjx.ks’k

dks ;g vf/kdkj ugha feyrkA eq>s bl rF; dk Hkh /;ku jgrk fd Økakfrdkfj;ksa ds izeq[kksa ds gkFkksa fo’okl?kkrh d`R; dsoy dqN

caxkfy;ksa vFkok fganqLFkkfu;ksa ds gh gkFkksa ugha gq,] vk;jySaM] :l] bVyh vkfn ns’kksa esa jkT;Økafr rFkk /keZØkafr ds Hkh”k.k laxzkeksa esa rks

‘kkjhfjd vR;kpkjksa

99

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ls fujk’k] grcy cus bu Hkkjrh; mnkgj.kksa ls Hkh vf/kd f?kukSus fo’okl?kkr ds mnkgj.k miyC/k gSaA vr% blls ix Mxexkuk vFkok

fdlh jkT; fo’ks”k ij ykaNu yxkuk fuiV ew[kZrk gksxhA

tks gS lks dg Mkyks

xqIr fpV~Bh dk vkys[k i<+dj eq>s dksbZ fo’ks”k /kDdk ugha igqapkA blds foijhr eq>s mu /kS;ZP;qr O;fDr;ksa ij n;k vkus yxhA

muesa ls ,d fo’ks”k mnkgj.k foLrkj ls nsuk mfpr gSA r=LFk Økafrdkfj;ksa dks xhrk i<+krs le; os mins’k nsrs&^nsg rks dqN Hkh ugha]

vkRek vej gSA ^uSua fNUnfUr ‘kL=kf.kA* vr% ;qod ej.kekj.k dh fpark ugha djrsA ijarq tc dkjkxkj dh ik”kk.kh izkphj dk izR;{k

n’kZu gqvk vkSj dksYgw tSls dBksj dke djrs&djrs&ftlls cSy Hkh :vkals gks tkrs& ,d fnu flj pdjkdj fxjuk iM+k] rc ekuks

izfr’kks/k ds fy, gh nsg us vkRek dks iSjksa rys dqpydj muds eukscy dks pdukpqj dj MkykA fdlh HKh rjg mu d”Vksa ls cpuk

dfBu gks x;kA vPNk] ,d&nks fnu dk Hkh iz’u ugha Fkk] iwjs thou dk iz’ku FkkA mu d”Vksa ls dHKh eqfDr ugha feyuh FkhA lds

fojhr gB ij vM+s jgsa rks blls Hkh vf/kd H;adj d”V Hkqxrus iM+saxsA bl rjg fujk’kk ds ?ku?kksj va/ksjs esa ne ?kqVus yx tk, vkSj

izk.k mM+us yx tk,a rks nsg izk.k ls xBca/ku djds fpYykus yxs fd dqN Hkh djks] ijarq esjh ckr ekuksA ijarq ekxZ\ foinkvksa dh ne?kksaVw

nhokjksa ls ckgj fudyus ds fy, ekxZ dgka ls feysxk\

cl ,d gh ladjh] xanyh] ne?kksaVw jkg! Dsoy ;g crk nsuk fd vius lkFkh dkSu&dkSu gSa\ ^tks gS lks dg Mkyks*&;s v{kj Nih gqbZ iV~Vh

bl jkg ij fuR; yVdrh fn[kkbZ nsrh FkhA muds bl VwVs eukscy dh tkudkjh Hkh mUgha ds ,d fe= us vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ns nhA og fe=

Hkh oSlh gh voLFkk ls eqfDr ikus ds fy, bl jkg ij py iM+k FkkA dksbZ dgrk] ;g lekpkj Åij BsB dydŸkk rd Hkstk x;k] fQj

mUgsa lCt ckx fn[kk, x,A Mwcrs dks fruds dk lgkjk gksrk gSA fo’okl u gksrs gq, Hkh mUgksaus muds Hkqykos ij fo’okl fd;kA ,d fnu

og ukVd djus dh Bkudj ml }hi dk ,d eq[;kf/kdkjh dkjkx`g esa vk x;kA jktcanh dksYgw esa tqrs gh FksA ml vf/kdkjh ds lkeus

vkrs gh] can dksBjh ds NksVs }kj ds fudV vkdj os fpYyk,] ^^fuosnuA** og vf/kdkjh ‘ks[kh c?kkjrs gq, ^ What do you want?*

dgrk gqvk FkksM+k ?kwedj }kj ds fudV [kM+k jgkA os lTtu ?kqVus Vsddj] gkFk tksM+dj* dqN Hkh

100

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


djks] ijarq eq>s bu ujd&;krukvksa ls eqDr djks*&,slh d:.kktud izkFkZuk djus yxsA vf/kdkjh us mŸkj fn;k] ^^tks dguk gS] og

canhiky dks dgksA**

fo’okl?kkr

vf/kdkjh pyk x;kA iwoZ fu;ksftr dk;ZØe ds vuqlkj canhiky us dkxt vk Sj L;kgh fHktokbZ A ;s lTtu dydŸkk ds “kM~;a= dh

tkudkjh fy[kdj nsus yxsA vk’p;Z dh ckr ;g gS fd ml nqcZy euksn’kk esa Hkh ml lTtu esa] tks ;g deZ djus ds fy, rRij gq,

Fks] bruh izkekf.kdrk ‘ks”k Fkh fd bl deZ dks cqjk le>k tk,A mUgkasus vius fe= dks ,d i= Hkstk&^;s d”V eq>ls ugha lgs tkrsA mUgsa

Vkyus dk ekxZ gS vkRegR;kA eSaus mldk voyacu djus dk iz;kl fd;k] ijarq eq>esa bruk lkgl ugha FkkA vr% ,d rks ;g fd vki

eq>s tku ls ekj Mkysa] tSls iwoZ esa vU; fo’okl?kkfr;ksa dks ekjk FkkA eSa vkidks nks”kh ugha BgjkÅaxkA ;k eq>s fo’okl?kkr djds

vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ;FkklaHko tkudkjh nsdj muds lkeus fxM+fxM+kdj bl vlguh; ‘kkjhfjd ;a=.kk ls eqfDr ikuk vfuok;Z gSA vius eu

ij esjk cl ugha gSA ;g foy{k.k xqIr fpVBh ,lus vius vuq;kf;;ksa dks Hksth vkSj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ;FkklaHko lHkh tkudkjh dk dkxt

Hkjdj mlesa cgqr lkjs uke Hkjdj fy[k fn,A

rhljs fnu mUgsa dksYgw ds dke ij ls gVk;k x;k vkSj jLlh cVus dk dke] tks dksYgw dh rqyuk esa vklku Fkk] lkSaik x;kA ijarq

dksBjhcanh ls eqfDr ugha feyh] u gh mUgsa dkjkxkj ls ckgj NksM+k x;kA

bl Hkys vkneh esa bruk vkdyu djus rFkk ekuus yk;d izkekf.kdrk ‘ks”k Fkh fd og tks dj jgk gS] vuqfpr gSA mlds ,d&nks lkFkh

bl izkekf.kdrk ls Hkh oafpr gks pqds FksA bu fuyZTt yksxksa dks esjs vkxeu ls vkuan izkIr gqvkA vf/kdkfj;ksa dks dqYk feykdj esjh

lkjh xfrfof/k;kas dks crkus dh mRdV Hk;izn dkeukA muesa mRiUu gqbZ vkSj lR; ugha Hkh rks esjs fo:} feF;k ckrsa Hkh ued&fepZ

yxkdj mudh bPNkiwfrZ djrs gq, fdlh izdkj vius iwoZ vijk/k dk mUgsa foLej.k djkdj Lo;a NqVdkjk ikus dk iz;kl djuk gh bu

jktcafn;ksa esa ls nks&rhu caxkyh canhokuksa dk vHkh”V FkkA bu nks my>uksa ds paxqy esa eq>s var rd jguk iM+kA esjs fo:} pqxyh

djusokyk gj pqxy[kksj vf/kdkfj;kas dh ukd dk cky cu tkrkA de&ls&de os fn[kkok rks djrs fd og mUgas fdruk fiz; gS& vkSj mls

canhx`g esa dqN&u&dqN lqfo/kka, fey tkrhA bl ;ksx ls esjs fo:} pqxyh [kkuk izfr”Bk dk ,d ykHknkbZ O;olk; gh cu x;k( ijarq mlh

cgrh xaxk esa gkFk /kksdj bu nks&rhu jktcafn;ksa us viuk mYyw lh/kk djus esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+hA mUgsa izkIr gksusokyh O;fDrxr

101

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


lqfo/kk ds lkFk izk;% esjh O;fDrxr ;kruk esa o`f} gksrhA ijarq og lkjh jkedgkuh vkxs vk,xhA

izLrqr fpVBh esa vkSj vU; NksVs&eksVs mnkgj.kksa }kjk caxkyh jktcafn;ksa ds ,d i{k us nwljs i{k ds fo:} eq>s tks vkLFkkiwoZd lwpuk nh

Fkh] mls i<+dj eSaus Bku fy;k fd ftuds gkFkksa iwoZ esa brus lkjs LokfHkekuiw.kZ] lkgl] rst rFkk fu%LokFkZ ns’klsok ds dk;Z g q, gSa muds

laca/k esa rc rd dksbZ Hkh fojks/kh /kkj.kk cukuk mfpr ugha] tc rd Lo;a mudh izR;{k iwNrkN djds ifjp;ksRiUu fuf’p arrk ugha dj

ysrsA ;|fi bl rjg dk izR;;dkjh n’kZu gks Hkh x;k fd mudk ;g uSfrd v/k%iru lR; gS] rFkkfi ek= blh dkj.ko’k mudh iwoZ dh

ns’klsok ij NhaVkd’kh ugha djuh pkfg,A gka] dsoy lko/kkuh dh lwpuk n`f”V ds lkeus j[kdj laHkydj pyuk gksxkA

vc cl gqvk] ekQ djks

;g fpV~Bh feyus ds nwljs ;k rhljs fnu ckn esjs Øekad ds vFkkZr~ lkrosa uacj ds vkaxu esa jktcafn;ksa dks NksM+dj vU; cafn;ksa dks

dke ds fy, Hkstk x;kA ml Øekad ds foHkkx esa yxHkx nks LkkS nafMr ukfj;y rksM+uk] QksM+uk] VqdM+s djuk vkfn dkeksa esa tqVs gq, FksA

esjs fy, bl bykds dks lnSo fjDr j[kuk vlaHko Hkh FkkA blhfy, bl pky ds r`rh; ry dks] ftlesa eSa jgrk Fkk] fjDr j[krs gq, ‘ks”k

nksuksa ryksa dks lksus ds fy, cafn;ksa dks ns fn;k x;k FkkA ml fnu nksigj esa uhps vkaxu esa ,slk izrhr gks jgk FkkA tSls cktkj Hkjk gSA

lSdM+ks&gtkjksa ukfj;y xkfM+;ksa esa Hkj&Hkjdj muds <sj&ds&<sj yxk, tkrsA cafn;ksa dh ,d VqdM+h mUgsa Nhydj ml Vhu ds lk;cku ls

,d&,d ukfj;y Qasdrh jgrhA m/kj og VqdM+h] tks ukfj;y QksM+rh Fkh] [kVk[kV okjksa ls ,d okj ds lkFk nks VqdM+s djds Qasd jgh

Fkh& mldk ikuh ihikas esa Hkj&Hkjdj mls <ksus esa ,d vU; VqdM+h O;Lr FkhA ‘ks”k rhl&pkyhl canh mu dVs gq, xksys ds dVksjksa dks

[kqjis ls ?kksaidj VqdM+s&VdM+s dkVdj ukfj;y ;k xksys dh [kksifM+;ksa dks tksj ls ?kqekrs gq, Qsad jgs FksA ijarq xksys dk ,d VqdM+k [kkuk

rks nwj] <ksdj ys tkrs ukfj;y ikuh dh&tks O;FkZ tkrk Fkk& ,d cawn Hkh ihuk dkuwuh ifjHkk”kk esa t?kU; vijk/k Fkk vkSj fuR; bu

cafn;ksa dks mlds fy, naM feyrkA rFkkfi dke dk vkjaHk gksrs gh ftl&frl dk FkkscM+k ukfj;y ds VqdM+ksa ls Qwyk gqvk vkSj xjnu

uhps >qdh gqbZ gksrh rFkk lgeh&lgeh vka[ksa duf[k;ksa ls ;g ns[krh gqbZ yV~Vw tSlh xksy&xksy eVdrh jgrh fd dksbZ vius Hkjs gq, xkyksa

dh vksj rks ugha ns[k jgkA ml cktkj dh og jkSud] og HkhM+&HkkM+] og dksykgy] ml

102

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


103

vQlj ¼cafn;ksa esa ls ftUgsa vf/kdkjh ds :i esa fu;qDr fd;k tkrk½ yksxksa dh ^pyks HkkbZ] dke djks]* ^,s] lkys] FkkscM+s esa D;k Bwlka gSa]

tSlh ph[k iqdkj ns[kus yk;d gksrhA bl lkjs gaxkes esa iy Hkj ds fy, bl ;FkkFkZ dk foLej.k gksrk fd eSa Hkh canhoku gwaA ijarq dc

rd\ rHkh rd] tc rd eqag esa Hkjs gq, VqdM+s isVh vQlj ds ns[kus ij dej ij /kEe ls mldh lksVh dk /kIik iM+k ugha vFkok ml

Hkkj ds uhps nksigj rd vax&vax VwVdj Hkkjh ugha gks x;kA

ngh ukfj;y

ml fnu gekjs ml iBku okWMZj dk&og cktkj ns[krs gh uhps tkdj FkksM+k ikuh ihdj nks&rhu xksys eq[k ‘kqf} ds rkSj esa Mkyus ds fy,

&th yypkuk LokHkkfod FkkA cspkjk esjs lkFk gh ml lkrosa Øekad dh bekjr ds rhljs rYys ij canh gks x;k Fkk vkSj ml ,dkarokl

ls Åc x;k FkkA vPNk] eq>ij fu;qDr og okWMZj vf/kdkfj;ksa dk fiV~Bw! mlls dkSu ugha Mjsxk\ mlds ukfj;y ekaxrs gh dkSu mls

xqipqi xjh fudkydj ugha nsxk\ nksigj esa isVh vQlj] og Hkh iBku gksus ds dkj.k ladsr djds bekjr dk }kj [kksydj uhps vkaxu

esa x,A ikuhokys ukfj;y ds nks&rhu uje&uje xksys rqM+okdj mUgksaus xVxV djds vius isV esa maM+sysA vc ‘ks”k jg xbZ eq[k ‘kqf}A

fuR; ds fu;ekuqlkj cafn;ksa dh tks yach iafDr cSBh gqbZ Fkh] m/kj tkdj ujsfy;ksa ls ¼xksys dh [kksifM+;ksa ls½ xksyk xksM+dj ,d dks /kedh

nh]^^gkFk pykvks!** okWMZj dks ns[kdj leidkrk gqvk og canh gkFk pyk gh jgk Fkk] vFkkZr~ viuk dke djus gh yxk Fkk fd okWMZj

egk’k; Lo;a gh viuk gkFk pykus yxs vkSj fudV cSBs gq, canh dks cl ;wa gh ;g dgrs gq, fd ^ukfj;y [kk jgk Fkk lkyk! ns[kks]

eqag ns[kwa rks* ,d djkjh FkIiM+ jlhn dhA ukfj;y [kkus ds vijk/k esa ml canh dks >kiM+ yxkus dk dk;Z lekIr gksrs gh mUgsa izrhr

gqvk fd loZ= vuqdwy okrkoj.k fufeZr gks x;k gS] D;kasfd vc fdlh ls Hkh ngh ukfj;y dh ekax djus ij] tks ogka ukfj;yksa esa

loksZŸke le>k tkrk gS] dksbZ ekbZ dk yky Mj ds ekjs ^uk&uq* ugha dj ldrk FkkA fuR; ds vuqHko ls mlus ;g xkaB esa cka/k j[kk FkkA

,d enzklh canh ds ikl fNik;k gqvk ngh ukfj;y Fkk] ftldk Åij mYys[k gks pqdk gSA ;g canh u;k&u;k vk;k FkkA okWMZj egk’k;

>V ls ogka igqap x, vkSj mUgkasus vkKk nh] ^^ykvks lkyk ukfj;y b/kjA** ijarq og enzklh viuh gh vdM+ esa FkkA enzkl bykds dk

;g ,d ukephu Mkdw FkkA dbZ ckj rfey tsy dh gok [kkdj <hB cuk gqvk FkkA vc igyh ckj dkysikuh ij vk;k FkkA og Hkh nl

o”kkZsa ds fy,] vr% dqN vf/kd Hk;Hkhr Hkh ugha FkkA lkFk gh mls fganqLFkkuh Hkk”kk dk vR;Yi Kku gksus ds dkj.k

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


^bYys bYys* vFkkZr~ ^ugha&ugha* dgrs gq, prqjkbZ ls fuHkkus dh lqfo/kk izkIr Fkh] ftls enzklh nafMr viuk tUefl} vf/kdkj le>rsA

vr% okWMZj dh ml m}r vkKk dk mlus rfud vD[kM+iu ls mŸkj fn;k] ^bYys*A og ngh ukfj;y mlus iwjs ,d vkus dh rackdw nsdj

mlls xqipqi [kjhnk Fkk] tks ukfj;y rksM+rk gSA mlds tSlk <hB canhoku ml okWMZj dks lgtrkiwoZd FkksM+s gh nsusokyk FkkA ijarq mu

iBkuh okWMZjksa dks lglk dksbZ ,sls fganw canh ls ikyk ugha iM+rk tks mUgsa Basxk fn[kk,] ifj.kker% os cgqr udp<+s cu tkrs FksA ml

enzklh ds ikl tkdj okWMZj us xkyh&xykSt ds lkFk iqu% ukfj;y dh ekax dh A og enzklh ;g lkspdj fd ujeh ls gh dke fudkyuk

Bhd gS] fryfeykrs gq,^bYys Lokeh] bYys dgrs gq, gkFk tksM+dj fxM+fxM+kus yxkA iBku dk ikjk lkrosa vkleku ij p<+ x;kA fdlh

fganw ls LokFkZo’k dgk&lquh gksrs gh iBku vkSj eqlyekuksa dh izofŸk ds vuqlkj mls /kkfeZd ;q}karxZr ije ifo= drZO; ekuk tkrkA

iBku vkSj Hkh xkfy;kas ij mrj vk;k vkSj mlus ^lkyk dkfQj gS] HkM+q, dh pksVh ij gkFk MkykA og enzklh lR; gh fganh ugha tkurk

Fkk] vr% iy Hkj ds fy, og m/ksM+&cqu esa iM+ x;kA mlus lkspk] dgha ,slk rks ugha fd eq>s lgh ckr crkus ds ckotqn eSa bldh ckr

ij dku ugha ns jgk gwa\ ijarq ml okWMZj ds mldh pksVh dks >Vds ls [khapdj ml ngh xksys ij gkFk j[krs gh ml enzklh us Hkh mldh

nk<+h idM+dj [khapkrkuh ‘kq: dhA fdlh us Hkh eqag ls pwa rd ugha dh] D;kasfd nksuksa dh ,d gh pky Fkh& ngh xksys dh xqipqi pk sjh

djuk] vr% cl rsjh Hkh pqi] esjh Hkh pqiA pksj&pksj ekSlsjs HkkbZ!

Ckl gks x;k] ekQ djks

vkf[kj ;g ns[krs gq, fd vU; canhoku mldh vksj ns[kdj O;aX; ls gal jgs gSa] mlus fuR; fu;e ds vuqlkj viuk lksVk fudkydj

ml enzklh dks tksj ls ekjk vkSj mldh pksVh dks ,slk >Vdk yxk;k fd vk/kh m[kkM+ MkyhA ^dkfQj lkyk dkfQj* cM+cM+krs gq, Øks/k

ls yky&ihyk gksdj iBku mldh /kqukbZ dj jgk FkkA var esa u tkus D;k gqvk] og enzklh ,dne vkis ls ckgj gks x;k vkSj mNydj

mlus mls mBkdj /kM+ke ls /kjrh ij iVd fn;k vkSj mldh Nkrh ij ?kqVuk xkM+dj rM+krM+ rekpksa&ij&rekps yxkus yxkA iBku

okWMZj ds ml rjQ vkus ds dkj.k mldk fe= isVh vQlj Hkh ml rjQ vkdj nwj vksV esa cSBdj uekt i<+ jgk FkkA lkjs canh] tks

ml okWMZj ds vR;kpkjksa ls Åc pqds Fks] dqN vf/kd gaxkek u djrs gq, viuk&viuk Lfkku idM +dj rek’kk ns[krs jgsA eq>s rks Åij ls

lyk[kksa ds fudV

104

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


[kM+s jgdj ;g ns[krs gh cM+h galh yxhA okWMZj egk’k; dh og iBkuh Vksih] og lkQk ftls ns[kdj iwjk tsy flj ls ikao rd dkai

mBrk Fkk] dgha&dk&dgha iM+k Fkk vkSj og enzklh gksaBksa&gh&gksaBksa esa dqN rfey ‘kCn cqncqnkrk gqvk mldh nk<+h ejksM+rk] eqDdksa&ij&eqDds

ekjrk gqvk mldh Nkrh ij lokj FkkA okWMZj egk’k; dh D;k etky tks mls ^dkfQj* dgs] pqipki ngh ukfj;y ds Lfkku ij ekj [kkrs

jgs vkSj Åij enzklh lokj! var esa ,d&nks feuVksa esa iBku okWMZj us FkisM+ksa dh ekj [kkrs&[kkrs QqlQqlkrs gq, dgk] ^^ vc cl gqvk]

ekQ djks!** bl rjg Bksdjsa [kkrs&[kkrs dlelk, Loj esa dh gqbZ izkFkZuk lqudj eSaus lkspk] enzklh dks vc mls NksM+ nsuk gh mfpr

gksxkA ijarq ns[kk rks og enzklh tksj&tksj ls rfey esa xkfy;ka cdrk gqvk ml iBku ds flj ij vkSj rsth ds lkFk eqDds ekjus yxkA

ekQ djks esa ls êk*

D;kasfd ml enzklh dks fganh Hkk”kk dk Kku yxHkx u ds cjkcj Fkk] vr% mls êkQ djks* esa ls dsoy êk* gh le> esa vk ldkA mls

yxk fd okWMZj vHkh Hkh eq>s eka&cgu dh xkyh ns jgk gSA tSls&tSls iBku dgrk ^vc cl! ekQ djks! ekQ djks! ôSls&oSls êk*] êk*

djrs gq, mls /kedkrs gq, rfey Hkk”kk esa xkfy;ka cdrs&cdrs og enzklh mlds flj ij eqDdksa&?kwalksa dh ckSNkj djrk jgkA

var esa tks gaxkek gksuk Fkk] og gks x;k vkSj isVh vQlj rFkk lHkh canhoku Hkkxs&Hkkxs vk igq apsA og eqBHksM+ lekIr gks xbZA og larIr

enzklh gkFkksa rFkk eqag ls cM+cM+kus yxk fd ^lkgc ge rqe ekj*A bu fganh ‘kCnksa esa mlus ladsr }kjk xys dks vaxqyh ls Li’kZ djds

Li”V ‘kCnksa esa trk;k fd ;fn ;g ckr lkgc ds dkuksa rd igaqph vkSj eq> ij vfHk;ksx yxk;k rks eSa rqEgkjk xyk ?kksaVdj tku ls ekjs

fcuk ugha NksMw+axkA

ml vkneh dh og /kedh vkSj loklsjiu ns[krs gh iko lsj cuus dk iBkuh ‘ksjksa dk tUetkr LoHkko vkSj vQlj ls dgus ij Lo;a

dk gh fu;e fo:} vkpj.k fd bl okWMZj dks] tks Åijh ry ij fu;qDr gS] fu;e ds fo:} uhps vkaxu esa vkus gh D;ksa fn;k&bl

lkjs >esyksa ls ?kcjkdj isVh vQlj vkSj og okWMZj egk’k; fdlh us Hkh lkgc dks og ckr crkuk mfpr ugha le>k vkSj rhu&pkj

ngh xksys xVddj tks eq[k ‘kqf} dh bPNk okWMZj ds eu esa mRiUu gqbZ Fkh] mldh rqf”V enzklh us eq[k ij ekjs ?kwalksa ls dh ekudj vius

fc[kjs gq, xyeqPNs laokjrs&laokjrs vkSj lkQk cka/krs&cka/krs egk’k; iqu% ml bekjr ds r`rh; ry ij vkdj esjs Åij igjk nsus yxsA

eSaus mUgsa lgt Loj esa iwNk] ^^D;k gqvk] [kku lkgc\** ml iBku okWMZj us ;g

105

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


le>dj fd eSaus dqN Hkh ugha ns[kk gksxk] Nkrh rkudj dgk] ^^og ,d pksj lkyk] ngh ukfj;y pksjh djuk pkgrk FkkA [kwc /kqukbZ dh

xbZ mldhA** eSaus lfoLer mŸkj fn;k] ^^Bhd] ,d pksj lkyk ngh xksyk pksjh djuk pkgrk Fkk] og lkyk ihVk x;kA D;ksa] Bhd gS\

og lkyk pksj tks ihVk x;k&og dkSu Fkk\ ;g ;k rks ml iBku dks Kkr Fkk ;k fQj eq>sA

106

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&9

r=LFk jktcafn;ksa dh iwoZ fLFkfr

vc ftl f=ry pkyh esa eq>s can fd;k x;k Fkk] mlesa jktcafn;ksa ds vfrfjDr vU; cafn;ksa dks dke djus vkSj jgus ds fy, NksM+k

tkus ds dkj.k eq>s dkjkx`g dh cgqr lkjh mFky&iqFky Kkr gksus yxhA ftl fo”k; dh eq>s mRlqdrk Fkh og fo”k; vFkkZr~ jktcafn;ksa dh

r=LFk fLFkfr vkSj esjs T;s”B ca/kq dk dq’ky&{kse&mlls lacaf/kr dkQh tkudkjh xqIr :i ls fdlh&u&fdlh rjg eSaus izkIr dhA gekjs

ikBdx.kksa ds eu esa ;g tkuus dh mRlqdrk gksxh fd fganqLFkku dh Lok/khurk ds fy, Hk;adj d`R; djus ds ,ot esa ftu yksxksa dks mlh

rjg ls Hk;adj naM izkIr gq,] mudh D;k xr cuh gksxhA ;g o`Ÿk foLr`r :i esa rks D;k] la{ksi esa Hkh ;gka izLrqr ugha fd;k tk ldrk

rFkkfi ftruk fn;k tk ldrk gS] mruk nsus ds fy, ;g izlax mfpr gSA ,rnFkZ mldh dqN izkjafHkd tkudkjh nsrk gwaA

ce&xksysokys

vaneku esa izFker% tks vk/kqfud jkT;& Økafrdkjh x, Fks] muesa ekf.kdrYyk cxhps ds “kM~;a= esa lfEefyr caxkyh lTtu] muds

ihNs&ihNs egjk”Vª ds Jh x.ks’kiar lkojdj vkSj Jh okeujko tks’kh FksA muds vkxs&ihNs gh caxky dh,d jktuhfrd MdSrh ds laca/k esa

ikap&Ng yksx vk, FksA bu lHkh jktcafnksa esa rhu caxfy;ksa vkSj nks egkjkf”Vª;ksa dks vkthou dkysikuh dk naM izkIr gqvk FkkA ‘ks”k caxkyh

yksx nl ls rhl o”kksaZ rd ds fy, naM izkIr FksA eSa tc ogka x;k Fkk rc bu yksxksa ds vfrfjDr bykgkckn ds ^LojkT;* i= ds pkj

laiknd Hkh ogka vk, Fks] ftUgsa lkr ls nl o”kksZa dk naM gqvk FkkA ijarq mu ij jktnzksg dk vkjksi yxk;k x;k Fkk] u fd jkT;Økafr

dkA bruk gh ugha] vfirq og lpeqp jkT;Økafr ds rRoksa ls loZFkk vifjfpr rFkk O;ogkj ds fo:} Hkh FksA ijarq dsoy jktnzksg ds

vijk/k ds

107

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fy, naM nsdj mUgsa Økafrdkfj;ksa esa cSBus ds dkj.k muesa ls dqN yksxksa dks jkT;Økafr ds rRo Hkh ifjfpr vkSj O;ogkjlEer yxus yxs&

cl bl naM dk bruk ifj.kke vo’; gqvkA fdl eqdnesa esa dkSu&dkSu Fks vkSj fdl O;fDr ds D;k er Fks] eq>s vc ;g iDdh rjg

;kn ugha vk jgk] blfy, mudk lk/kkj.k mYys[k djds gh lek/kku djuk iM+ jgk gSA Åij mfYyf[kr yksxksa ds vfrfjDr vkSj ,d

jktcanh ogka Fks] ,slk eq>s yxrk gSA igys x, gq, yksxksa esa caxkyh gh vf/kd gksus ds dkj.k ge lcdks gh caxkyh dgk tkrk Fkk] ijarq

ckn esa tc iatkc vkkfn izkarksa ls lSdM+ksa yksx vkus yxs rc gesa ,d vkSj vukM+h dks’k izkIr gks x;kA og Fkk^ce&xksysokys*A

thHkokys vFkok jktcanh

mu gtkjksa cafn;ksa us] ftUgksaus jktcanh dk vFkZ rks D;k bl ‘kCn dks Hkh dHkh vius thou esa ugha lquk] Hkyk os bl ‘kCn dh ladYiuk

dks dSls lksp&le> ldrs gS\ muesa ls vf/kdrj dks ceekjh dk vH;kl djus dh dYiuk Fkh vkSj mlh lk/kkj.k y{k.k }kjk gekjs oxZ

ds lk/kkj.k funsZ’k dk dke pyk;k x;kA ckjh lkgc dks tc dHkh jktcafn;ksa dh vko’;drk iM+rh rc ^tkvks] ml lkr uacj ds

ce&xksysokys dks ysdj vkvks* vFkok ^lc ce&xksysokyksa dks vHkh&ds&vHkh can djks* ,slh xtZuk gksrhA ogka tkus ds Ik’pkr~ lHkh cafn;ksa

dks eSa nsj&losj ;g le>krk]^vjs] ge ce&xksyksa ls yM+s] ij ge ij ,slk dgus dk vkjksi ugha yxk;k x;k FkkA ge ij ;g dgus dk

vkjksi yxk;k x;k Fkk fd ge ljdkj ls yM+s] Lojkt dh LFkkiuk ds fy, yM+sA beesa ls dksbZ fiLrkSy ls] dksbZ canwd ls rks dksbZ ek=

ys[kuh dh lgk;rk ls yM+ jgs FksA dqN yksxksa us rks ce ns[kk Hkh ugha Fkk] fQj mls Qasdus dh ckr rks nwj jghA ge lHkh us tks dqN

pyk;k] og ‘kL= Fkk viuh&ftáA vr% vki gesa thHkokys dfg,A ceokys dfg,A ceokys D;ksa dgrs gSa\* bldk eryc\ os galdj

iwNrs] ^vki crkb,] okLrfod uke D;k gS] ge ogh dgsaxsA* eSa dgrk] ^gekjs oxZ dk okLRkfod uke gS ^jktcanh*A vPNk] rqe bldk

lgt mPpkj.k ugha dj ldrs rks rqe cl bruk gh dgk djks ^jktdSnh*A * bl ‘kCn dk mPpkj.k os >V ls dj ysrsA vkxs pydj

;gh ‘kCn :<+ gks x;k] rFkkfi ckjh lkgc dks ;g lqgkrk ugha FkkA gesa ;fn dksbZ ^ckcw* ¼;g ‘kCn vaneku esa lEekulwpd gS½ dgrk rks

Hkh ckjh lkgc fpYykrs] ^dkSu ckcw gS] lkyk! os lc dSnh gSaA* rks fQj ftu ckjh lkgc dks vU; cafn;ksa dks tks i<+uk&fy[kuk tkurs Fks]

ckcw lacksf/kr djus esa dksbZ vkifŸk ugha Fkh] dsoy ge jktcafn;ksa dks ckcw lacksf/kr djus ij vkifŸk Fkh] os ckjh lkgc gesa jktcanh

vFkok jktdSnh FkksM+s dh lacksf/kr djus nsaxs\

108

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


^Mh* fVdV

ejrs ne rd ckjh lkgc us ;gh jV yxkbZ Fkh fd ge ikWfyfVdy fiztulZ ugha gSA dksbZ canh muds lkeus jktdSnh dg nsrk rks lkgc

xjtrs] ^g%;ks\ dkSu jktdSnh\ oks Hkh rqEgkjs ekQd gh ,d ekewyh dSnh gSA cnek’k dSfn;ksa dk ^Mh* fVdV ns[krk ugha rqe mudh Nkrh

ij\* cnek’kksa esa egkcnek’kksa dks ^Mh* vFkkZr~ ^Msatjl¼Hk;adj½ vFkZ dk v{kj [kksndj diM+ksa ij yxkus ds fy, gesa ,d fcYyk fn;k

tkrk] rFkkfi izFke fnol ls vafre fnu rd canhx`g esa eq>s lHkh ^cM+s ckcw* uke ls gh lacksf/kr djrs jgsA vkSj rks vkSj Lo;a ckjh

lkgc Hkh xyrh ls dbZ ckj dgrs] ^,s goynkj] tkvks ml lkr uacj ds cM+s ckcw dks cqykvksA* mlh rjg tSls&tSls gekjs mins’k ls

cafn;ksa dh le> esa jktuhfrd vkanksyu ds eeZ dk ifjp; gksrk x;k oSls&oSls os Lo;a gh gesa ^jktdSnh* ds uke ls lacksf/kr djus yxsA

bl ‘kCn esa varHkwZr LojkT;kFkZ la?k”kZ djus ds ftl fopkj ds dkj.k ckjh lkgc mldk uke Hkh ugha ysus nsrs Fks] mlh fopkj dk Bksl

mYys[k cafn’kksa ds fpŸk ij vafdr gks] blds fy, eSa lHkh dks ;FkklaHko ;gh mins’k djrk fd os gesa mlh uke ls lacksf/kr djsaA vkf[kj

ogh ‘kCn izpfyr gks x;kA ckjh lkgc dks yssdj ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa rd lHKh us nkos ds lkFk lkS&LkkS ckj Li”V djrs gq, Hkh fd ^rqe

ikWfyfVdy fiztuj ugha gks] lk/kkj.k ikih canh gks] ^^ vkf[kj ge ^ikWfyfVdy fiztuj* gh fl} gks x,A mlh rjg muds yk[k

Mjkus&/kedkus ds ckotqn canhx`g ls ysdj vaneku dh Lora= cfLr;ksa rd gesa ^jktdSnh* ds :i esa gh lacksf/kr fd;k tkus yxkA

Øwj nsork dks Hkksx

eSaus Åij fy[kk Fkk fd esjs vaneku tkus ls igys tks jktcanh ogka x, Fks] mUgsa igys ,d gh Hkou esa bdV~Bk j[kk x;k FkkA muij

,d iBku canhoku vf/kdkjh FkkA ukfj;y Nhydj fudkys gq, eksVs&eksVs fNyds] ftlesa ukfj;y dk xksyk feyrk gS ¼dksad.k esa mls

^lksM+.ks* dgk tkrk gS½] lq[kkdj mldks dwVuk vkSj muesa ls tVk,a ;k js’ks Bhd rjg ls fudkydj mUgsa lkQ djus dk dke mudks

lkSaik tkrk FkkA ;g dke dfBu gh Fkk] rFkkfi mruk dfBu ugha Fkk ftruk dksYgw ls rsy fudkyukA okLro esa ftu cafn;ksa dks iwjh rjg

ls vaxszth Lisfyax Hkh ugha vkrh] mUgsa Hkh b/kj vkrs gh vFkok rfud vkxs&ihNs fy[kus dk dke lkSaidj ^ckcw* ds rkSj ij cafn;ksa ij

vf/kdkj fn;k tkrk gSA ijarq jktcafn;ksa esa ls fdlh dks Hkh fy[kus dk dke ugha fn;k tkrkA mUgsa brus dBksj ifjJe ds dke fn, tkrs

gSa tks mUgkasus vius thou esa dHkh ugha fd,A dnkfpr~ mUgsa dsoy Lisfyax fy[kus ls dbZ xquk vf/kd

109

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vaxzssth dk Kku FkkA mudh bl f’k{kk dh U;work ds dkj.k gks ldrk gS os fy[kus dk dke djus ds fy, vik= le>s x, gksaA

rFkkfi dke Hkys gh dBksj ifjJe dk gks] ij th&rksM+ ifjJe djrs&djrs Hkh lHkh ,d lkFk jg ldrs FksA ;gh ykHk mu lektfiz;

f’kf{kr euq”;ksa dks lq[kn izrhr gksrk FkkA muesa ls ,d&nks tu jksxxzLr Fks] ftl dkj.k mUgsa nw/k feyrkA og nw/k ml iBku vf/kdkjh

dkss] ftls mu ij fu;qDr fd;k tkrk] Hkksx ds :i esa xqipqi p<+k, tkus ds dkj.k og Øwj nsork Hkh FkksM+k&cgqr de mxz izrhr gksrkA

bu nks ckrksa ds dkj.k dqN feykdj ml le; dkjkx`goklh jktcafn;ksa dh voLFkk dkjkx`g dh rqyuk esa bruh nq%lg ugha FkhA esjs

vxzt Hkh mlh Hkou esa jgk djrs FksA

ijarq dqN eghus bl rjg chrus ds Ik’pkr~ dydŸkk ls fujh{k.kkFkZ ,d iqfyl vf/kdkjh vaneku vk x,A mUgksaus tc ns[kk] jktcanh

^fNydk* dwV jgs gSa vkSj mUgsa FkksM+h nwjh ij fdarw ,d lkFk gh j[kk x;k gS] rc mUgsa LokHkkfod :i esa gh [ksn gqvk fd canh’kkyk esa

Hkh euq”; ds lkFk bruh ekuork dk O;ogkj fd;k tkrk gSA mUgkasus vaneku ds vf/kdkfj;ks a ds dku ,saBs vkSj mu LFkkuh;] vukM+h

vf/kdkfj;ksa ds eu esa ,d mPp jktuhfrd rRo dk eeZ cSBk;k fd& ;g canh fdlh [kwuh] pksj&Mkdw tSls lnk’k;] n;kyq ekuo ugha gSa

vfirq ;s jktcanh egkcnek’k gSa& buls ,slk O;ogkj fd;k tk, ftlls mudk ?keaM pwj&pwj gks tk,A

dksYgw

rc ls O;OkLFkk cny xbZA mu jktcafn;ksa dks vyx&vyx pkfy;ksa esa vdsys&vdsys gh can fd;k x;kA ;fn os vkil esa okŸkkZyki djrs

rks csfM+;ka] gFkdfM+;ka vkfn dh tksjnkj Hkjekj gksus yxrhA Luku dqaM ij vFkok HkkstukFkZ nwj cSBdj dsoy ^Bhd gS u* tSls ladsr ls

dq’ky iwNus ij Hkh lkr&lkr fnuksa rd gFkdfM+;ka yxkdj j[kuk vkfn naM fn, tkus yxs vkSj var esa fNydk dwVus ds dBksj ifjJe

dk og dke Hkh mu yksxksa dks fn;k tkrk] ftUgsa Lisfyax djus ls vf/kd vaxszth dk Kku gSA ;g lc mUgsa vU;k;tud izrhr gqvk ij]

fQj Hkh mUgsa dksYgw esa tksrk x;k] tks dkjkokl esa dfBure dke le>k tkrk vkSj tks cSyksa ds djus ;ksX; FkkA mu yksxksa dks lcd tks

fl[kkuk Fkk! nks&nks eghus rd ;g dke nsus ds ckn ,d eghuk iqu% fNydk fn;k tkrk vkSj iqu% dksYgw esa tksr tkrkA izkr% dky mBrs

gh yaxksV dldj dejs esa can gksuk iM+rkA Hkhrj dksYgw dh MkaMh dks ,sls ?kqekuk iM+rk tSls gkFk ls ifg;k ?kqek;k tkrk gSA ml vks[kyh

esa xksys iM+rs gh og bruh Hkkjh gks tkrh fd vfrjFkh] egkjFkh dqyh Hkh mlds chl Qsjs iwjs djrs&djrs yq<+d tkrkA pksj&Mkdqvksa dks

Hkh

110

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


chl ls de mez esa lglk bl dke esa ugha tksrk tkrkA ijarq vanekuh oS|d’kkL= ds vuqlkj jktcanh ;g MkaMh fdlh Hkh mez esa ?kqek

ldrs FksA vr% ml MkaMh dks vk/kk ?ksjk ¼pDdj½ nsdj ‘ks”k vk/kk ?ksjk nsus yk;d ‘kfDr gkFkksa es a ugha gksus ls mlij yVddj mldh

iwfrZ djuh iM+rh FkhA bruh ‘kfDr ml dksYgw esa iM+s ukfj;y ihlus dks tqVkuh iM+rhA brus dBksj ifjJe ls vutku vkSj dksey o;

ds Fks] chl dh vk;q ds b/kj&m/kj ds lqdqekj f’kf{kr uo;qod jktcanhA lkekU;r% izkr%dky nl cts rd bl rjg lrr pDdj

?kqekrs&?kqekrs lkal Qwy tkrhA fdlh& fdlh dk gh ugha] izk;% lHkh dk flj pdjkus ls ckj&ckj uhps cSBuk iM+rkA nl cts ls

fu;kekuqlkj nks ?kaVs dke can j[kk tkrkA ijarq dksYgw dk dke ,slk ugha Fkk] ftlesa vojks/k iM+rkA Hkkstu vkrs gh dejk [kksyk tkrkA

canh ds ckgj vkdj nky] Hkkr] jksVh ds lkFk Hkhrj tkus ds fy, eqM+rs gh njoktk iqu% canA ;fn dksbZ gkFk /kksdj ilhus ls yFkiFk

‘kjhj lkQ djus yxrk rks mruk foyac Hkh vlguh; gksrkA teknkj dk vFkkZr~ cafn;ksa esa cnek’k] ftls fdlh us vf/kdkjh cuk;k gqvk

gksrk] eka&cguksa dh xkyh cduk fuf’pr FkkA gkFk /kksus ds fy, ikuh dgka ls feysxk\ ihus ds ikuh ds fy, Hkh teknkj dh [kq’kken

djuh iM+rh gS] D;kasfd dksYgw dk dke djrs le; I;kl vf/kd tksj ls yxrh gSA ikuhokyk ikuh ugha nsrkA fdlh us pksjh&pksjh pqVdh

Hkj rackdw nh] rHkh og ikuh nsrkA teknkj dks crkus ij og xqjkZrk]^canh dks nks dVksjs ikuh nsus dh vkKk gS] rqe rks rhu ih pqdsA

vkSj ikuh vius ck ids ?kj ls ykvksA* teknkj dh okLrfod Hkk”kk dk geus loZFkk lH;] f’k”V ‘kCnksa esa vuqokn fd;k gSA gkFk /kksus ds

rFkk ihus ds ikuh dh tgka ;g voLFkk gks ogka Luku dk uke D;k ysuk\

rsy iwjk djuk iM+sxk

Luku dh gh ckr D;ksa\ Hkkstu dh Hkh ;gh voLFkk FkhA Hkkstu ijksldj ,d ckj njoktk can djrs gh teknkj dks ;g fpark ugha gksrh

fd canh [kk jgs gSa ;k ughaA og lrr ml pkyh dh dksBfj;ksa ds lkeus ls fpYykrs gq, pyrk&^vjs cSBks erA ‘kke rd rsy iwjk djuk

gksxkA ugh arks fiVksxs] ltk gksxh lks vyxA* bl rjg mlds ph[krs&fpYykrs db;ksa ds xys ls dkSj ugha mrjrk] D;kaasfd ‘kke rd rsy

de Hkjrs gh fuR; ykrksa&?kwalksa&lksfV;ksa ls cafn;ksa dks dqVrs&fiVrs gj dksbZ ns[kr FkkA bl Mj ds dkj.k isV esa Hkys gh pwgs dwn jgs gksa]

dksYgw ?kqekrs&?kqekrs] ml Fkkyh esa ls] ftlesa [kM+s&[kM+s ilhus dh /kkj fxj jgh gS] xzkl mBkdj eqag esa Bwalrs] tSls&tSls mls fuxyrs vkSj

dksYgw pykrs&pykrs gh Hkkstu djrs vusd cafn;ksa dks eSaus dbZ ckj viuh vka[kksa ls ns[kk gSA

111

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


bl izdkj ml vn~Hkqr Hkkstu ls fuiVdj iqu% ikap cts rd dksYgw pykuk iM+rkA vH;klh dksbZ pkj cts lekIr djrkA loZFkk iDdk

lkS esa ,dk/k O;fDr gh lnSo iwjk dke vFkkZr~ rhl ikSaM rsy fudky ikrkA ‘ks”k lHkh vkt ugh arks dy bruk th&rksM+ d”V mBkdj Hkh

dke iwjk djus esa vleFkZ jgrsA muesa ls tks ukSflf[k,] lh/ks&lkns vkSj lkis{kr% lPps gksrs] gk;! gk;! mUgha ij teknkj okWMZjk sa dh

ekj iM+rhA Hkkstu u djrs gq, dke esa tqVus ij Hkh rsy dk dksVk iwjk u gksus ij FkIiM+&ykr&?kwalksa&MaMksa dh ekj [kkrs] Fkds&ekans canh

rsy maMsydj jksrs&jksrs okil ykSVrs gq, eq>s vkt Hkh fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSaA uez LoHkko ds cafn;ksa dh ;g voLFkk gksrh FkhA rfud gsdM+ ;k

Øks/kh gksrk rks mls gFkdM+h] MaMk&csM+h vkfn ekjihV ls vf/kd vklku naM FkkA bl O;oLFkk ds dkj.k canhx`g esa dne j[krs gh

lTturktU; lPpkbZ] vof’k”V yTtk Hkh NwV tkrh gSA ,sls gh yksx var rd canhx`g esa thfor cp ikrs gSa ;k tks thrs gSa&os vf/kdrj

muesa ls gh gksrs gSaA

jkf= esa dksYgw ij dke

fuYkZTt Øks/kh] egkcnek’kksa dks Hkh ckjh lkgc loZFkk NwV nsrs gksa] ,slk ugha FkkA lh/ks&lkns yksxksa ij izFker% vkrs&tkrs ekjihV gksrh]

D;kasfd ?kksa?kksa dks iSjksa rys dqpy Mkyuk ohj iq:”kksa ds fy, vklku dke gksrk gSA bl izdkj mu lh/ks&lkns fucZy fuYkZTtksa dh /kqukbZ gksrs

ns[kdj mu cnek’kksa ds eu esa Hkh] ftudk rsy dk dksVk iwjk ugha gqvk gksrk] ;g Hk; mRiUu gksuk LokHkkfod Fkk fd mUgkasus vkSj rax

fd;k rks mUgsa Hkh ;gh izk;f’pŸk djuk gksxk vkSj muesa dqN yksx dke iwjk djus ds iz;kl esa tqVrsA fdlh&fdlh fnu ukfj;y dh xjh

fxyh gks vkSj ‘kke rd fdlh dk Hkh rsy dk dksVk iwjk ugha gqvk] rks ckjh lkgc ds ikl nwljk mik; Fkk] ftls dke esa yk;k tkrkA

^;s lkys canh yksx feyh&Hkxr djds fdlh dk dke iwjk ugha gksus nsrs]* bl rjg tksj&tksj ls ngkM+rs gq, ckjh lkgc] tc la/;k le;

ikap cts Hkkstu ijkslus dk le; gksrk rc ;g vkns’k djrs fd rhl ikSaM rsy tc rd iwjk ugha gksxk rc rd Hkkstu ugha feysxkA

losjs Ng cts ls fcuk vkjke fd, [kM+s&[kMs+ nksigj X;kjg cts Hkkstu djrs vkSj ‘kke rd fcuk :ds dksYgw pyk&pykdj tks iLr gks

tkrs Fks] muesa Hkh ,sls nl&ikap canh gh gksrs tks rsy dk dksVk iwjk djuk vlaHko gh gksrkA ijarq ckjh lkgc dqlhZ eaxokdj ml pkyh

dks rkyk Bkasd nsrs vkSj lHkh canhx`gksa dk dke Bhd ikap&Ng cts can djkdj fu;ekuqlkj lHkh dkjkx`g can djus dk izfro`Ÿk ¼fjiksVZ½

lwfpr djrs] cl mlh pkyh dk dke Bksaddj pyokrs jgrsA ml fu;e dks iSjksa rys dqpydj

112

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


bl pkyh esa dke pkyww j[kus dh ckr dk HkkaMk QksM+us dk Hkyk fdlh flikgh ;k ukSdj esa lkgl Fkk\ ckjh lkgc lIrkg ds vanj&vanj

dqN&u&dqN “kM~;a= jpdj] ml ij ykaNu yxkdj mldk loZuk’k dj nsrs] bldk dksbZ fu;e FkksM+s gh Fkk\ rc jkr lkr&vkB&ukS cts

rd dksYgw pyk, tkrsA vkrs&tkrs flikgh&teknkj ekjihV dj jgs gSa] ?kaVksa ds ihNs ?kaVs ct jgs gS] iwjh canh’kkyk xgjh uhan esa gS fdarw

dksYgw dh bekjr djZj djrh dke dj jgh gS]ckjh pkyh ds vkxs dqlhZ ij cSBdj Åa?k jgk gS vkSj chp esa gh eka&cgu dh xkfy;ka

cdrs gq, bl rjg fpYyk jgk gS]^^vc rd rsy iwjk ugha gqvk] rks ekjks lkys dks csar] dy ekjuk rks vkt ekjksA**

jksx dk LokWax

ftuds gkFkksa dks bl rjg ds dBksj ifjJe us dHkh Li’kZ rd ugha fd;k Fkk] mUgsa dksYgw dk dke eghuksa rd fn;k x;kA buesa dkWyst esa

v/;;u&v/;kiu djusokys rFkk l=g o”kZ ds yM+ds Hkh FksA muds d”V dh lhek ugha FkhA muesa tc dqN chekj iM+ x, rc os lkspus

yxs] blls rks e`R;q HkyhA chekjh rc rd <ksax dh lwph esa lekfo”V gksrh Fkh tc rd og xaHkhj Lo:i /kkj.k ugha djrhA mlesa Hkh

;fn Toj gks rks 101 ñ ds Åij p<+us ij gh mls Toj le>k tkrk] rc Hkh jktcanh dks :X.kky; esa ugha vfirq dksBjh esa gh can

fd;k tkrkA lk/kkj.k pksjh] vkxtuh] MdSrh] xnZu dkVuk vkfn iksVZ Cysvj ds uhfr’kkL= ds v{kE; vijk/k gSa] ,sls vijk/k djusokyks a

dks :X.kky; esa ek= jksxh dgrs gSaA lksus ds fy, [kfV;k nh tkrhA ijarq Toj vFkok nLr] myfV;ka vkfn izR;{k jksx dgrs gSaA lksus ds

fy, [kfV;k nh tkrhA ijarq Toj vFkok nLr] myfV;ka vkfn izR;{k jksx ugha gksrsA ljnnZ] àn; fod`fr] th ?kcjkuk vkfn vizR;{k jksxksa

us ftls tTkZj fd;k gS] mudh n’kk iwNuk rks nwj] muds jksx dk funku <ksax vFkok dkepksjh tSls jksx ls xzLr gksus esa fd;k tkrk Fkk]

lkFk gh naM Hkh fn;k tkrkA gka] ;g ckr vlR; ugha fd nafMrksa esa muds ikl] ftUgsa xq:daVky dgk tkrk] vko’;drkuqlkj rst Toj]

nLr vFkok [kwu dh myfV;ka gksus dh vkS”kf/k;ka rFkk mik; gksrsA ijarq ;g ckr Hkh >wB ugha gS fd bl rjg dh nokb;ksa ds cnys

103&104ñ rd Toj ls riuk Lohdkj gSA rhoz isVnnZ gksdj [kwu ds nl&nl nLr gksuk Hkh Lohdkj gS] ijarq bl dksYgw dh ;kruk ls

dqN fnuksa d s fy, eqfDr feysA bl rjg ftl dksYgw ds d”V vlguh; Fks& egku~ cnek’kksa dks Hkh tks vlguh; gksrs& mlh dksYgw esa mu

jktcafn;ksa dks tksrk tkrk tks vius thou esa igyh ckj canhx`g dk eqag ns[k jgs FksA vkSj muesa Hkh dksbZ mi;qDr vizR;{k jksx ls chekj

iM+ tk, rks mldh x.kuk <ksaxh] ukVfd;ksa esa djds mls iqu% bl dBksj ifjJe ds dke ij Hkstk tkrkA ,sls d”VHkksxh iq:”kksa esa esjs

T;s”B ca/kq dh x.kuk izeq[k :i esa dh tkrhA

113

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ikyrw cukus dk iz;ksx

,d rks mUgsa igys ls gh vk/kklhlh dh chekjh Fkh] ml ij canhx`g ds ;s ekufld vkSj ‘kkjhfjd d”VA Åij ls dksYgw esa tqrukA vkSj

lcls cM+k vijk/k ;g fd bl izdkj ds vikj d”Vksa ls Hkh iwoZof.kZr vU; jktc afn;ksa dh rjg os vHkh rd VwVs ugha FksA muds eqag ls

vHkh rd vokLrfod tkudkjh dk vFkok frjLdj.kh; izkFkZuk dk ,d ‘kCn Hkh ugha fudyk FkkA vr% ckjh tks mu jktcafn;ksa dks

Li”Vr% fgaÛ] ccZj dgrk vkSj tks Lo;a muds ldZl dk pkyd dgykrk Fkk] vkt Hkh mUgsa ikyr w cukus dk iz;ksx dj gh jgk FkkA

,slh voLFkk ls Vdjkrs vkSj jmlds ifj.kkeLo:i mUgsa iqu% Hk;adj vk/kklhlh dh O;Fkk us ?ksj fy;kA izkr%dky dksYgw esa tqr tkus ds

ckn lrr mls ?kqekus ls tSls&tSls fnu p<+rk tkrk oSls gh muds flj es vlã ihM+k gksrh tkrh] vlhe osnuk ls os NviVkrsA /kwi Hkh

lgh ugha tkrh] rFkkfi tSls&tSls fnu p<+rk oSls gh c<+rh gqbZ rhoz ihM+k dh osnuk ds lkFk&lkFk ^dksYgw* isyks vkSj dqN ugha tkurk]

pyks dksYgw isyks* dh teknkj dh vf’k”V xtZuk,a Hkh c<+rh tkrhA xksjs vf/kdkjh ds nkSjs ij vkrs gh mUgksaus muds lkeus fuosnu&i=

j[kk&^^esjk flj nnZ ls QVk tk jgk gSA** mUgksaus mŸkj fn;k] ^^og esjk ljnnZ ugha] MkWDVj dks fn[kkvksA** MkWDVj dksbZ fganqLFkkuh gh

gksxkA og vkdj ns[krk&Toj gS ;k ugha vkSj dg nsrk&bls dqN ugha gSA lkgc ds ikl ys tkvksA D;kasfd flj dh ihM+k ls rkiekuh

¼FkekZehVj½ tjk Hkh rIr ugha gksrkA efLr”d dh ihM+k dks fl} djus ds fy, vU; dksbZ Hkh izek.k ughaA vFkkZr~ blesa vo’; dksbZ pky

gksxh cafn;ksa dh blesa Hkh jktcafn;ksa dh] blesa Hkh x.ks’kiar lkojdj dh xgjh pky a a a aA

eSa dgwa ogh jksxh

MkWDVj tkurk Fkk fd og tks dj jgk gS og vU;k; gS] ijarq mls ckjh dk Hk; FkkA og vkrs&tkrs ;gh dgrk jgsxk]^ns[kks MkWDVj] vki

fgawn gSaA ;s jktcanh Hkh fganw gSaA irk ugha dc ;s viuh fpduh&pqiM+h ckrksa ls vkidks xM~<s esa <dsy nsaA muds lkFk esjh vuqefr ds

fcuk ;fn vkidks ,d ‘kCn cksyrs gq, Hkh fdlh us ns[kk rks vkids fo:} vf/kdkfj;ksa ds ikl izfro`Ÿk pyk tk,xkA vr% /;ku jf[k,]

;fn ukSdjh pkfg, rks vki viuh vksj ls muds laca/k esa dqN er dfg,A vki i<+s&fy[ksa rks gSa] ijarq eSa cM+k vuqHkoh gwaA eq>s irk gS]

bu <ksafx;ksa ds dkSu ls jksx lp gSa vkSj dkSu ls feF;kA vr% ;kn jf[k,] os rHkh chekj iMs+axs tc eSa dgwaxk] le>s\* bruk dgdj

vius fouksn ij Lo;a gh cŸkhlh fudkyrs gq, ckjh vkxs c<+ tkrkA ,d ckj ,d MkWDVj ¼gkWfLiVy vflLVsaV½ us esjs ca/kq dh og vR;ar

n;uh;

114

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


n’kk ns[khA flj dh ihM+k vlguh; gksus ij os dHkh&dHkh nhokj ls viuk flj VdjkrsA fQj mBdj oSls gh dksYgw ?kqekrsA MkWDVj us

lkgl djds dgk]^^ pyks] eSa nks fnu vkidks vius vf/kdkj esa fujh{k.kkFkZ ¼for observation½ j[krk gwaA NksM+ nks ;g dke vkSj mBkvks

viuk cksfj;k&fcLrjA** mldh lwpuk ds vuqlkj esjs ca/kq cksfj;k&fcLrj laHkkydj tk gh jgs Fks fd og nkuo ckjh viuk lksVk iVdrk

gqvk vk /kedk] ^^vjs,s] ce&xksysokys] fd/kj tk jgk gS\** dgrs gq, xqLls ds lkFk ml teknkj ls iwNus yxk tks x.ks’k nknk dks ys tk

jgk FkkA teknkj bruk ldidk;k fd dkVks rks cnu esa [kwu ughaA og dgus yxk]^^ MkWDVj ckcw dh vkKk ls dke NksM+dj bUgsa

fujh{k.kkFkZ la’kf;r jksxh ds ukrs NksM+us tk jgk gwaA** ^^ij eq>ls D;ksa ugha iwNk\ dkSu gS ;g MkWDVj ckcw , lkyk] os lkykA** dgrs gq,

mlus gaxkek djds iwjk canhx`g flj ij mBk fy;kA ^^ ys tkvks bls okilA dke ij yxk nks lkys dksA ns[k ysrk gwa ml MkWDVj dks

vkSj rq>s Hkh] lkyk rqe&eq>ls iwN cxSj bldks dksBjh ls ckgj D;kas fudkyk\ MkWDVj dh vkKk ;k esjh\** bl rjg tksj&tksj ls xjtrs

gq, mlus ml teknkj ls x.ks’k nknk dks dksBjh esa can djk;k vkSj dksYgw esa tksr fn;kA MkWDVj dk vf/kdkj ckjh ds vFkkZRk~ canhiky ds

vf/kdkj ds fuEu Lfkku ij ugha gksrk] og dsoy lqifjVsaMsaV ds vf/kdkj ds uhps vkrk gSA ijarq lHkh fganw rFkk Hkkjrh; vf/kdkfj;ksa dk

th&tku ls ;gh iz;kl jgrk fd jktcafn;ksa ls lacaf/kr dksbZ Hkh mykguk] f’kdk;r lqifjVsaMsaV rd u igaqpsA ,rnFkZ ckjh ls Mjdj ml

MkWDVj us vius vieku dk dM+ok ?kwaV rks ih fy;k vkSj ckjh ls {kek ekaxdj iqu% dHkh fdlh canhoku dks lqifjVsaMsaV dh vuqefr ds

fcuk dksBjh ls :X.kky; esa iy Hkj ds fy, Hkh ys tkus dk lkgl ugha fd;kA ‘ks”k dksbZ Hkh nafMr] nl&nl ckj tsy dkVdj gh ugha

vfirq tsy rksM+dj fudys HkxksM+s Hkh dsoy bruk lwfpr djds fd ^os chekj gSa* :X.kky; esa tk ldrs FksA vkxs dh ckr rks MkWDVjksa ds

gkFk esa gksrh fd mUgsa j[kuk gS ;k ughaA muds dke esa lglk canhiky n[ky ugha nsrsA dsoy jktcafn;ksa ds fy, :X.kky; ds }kj can

FksA

og vk/kklhlh dk jksx rFkk Vhl lgrs&lgrs esjs T;s”B ca/kq dksYgw isjrs] la/;k le; rsy ukidj ^gq’’k* djrs gq, tks lksus dh dksBjh esa

ydM+h ds yV~Bs ij ;k r[r ij viuk ‘kjhj iVdrs] rc lkjs ‘kjhj esa ihM+k gksus yxrhA fQj vka[k yxh ugha fd nwljh lqcgA fQj

ogh vk/kklhlh] ogh teknkj] ogh dkys vf/kdkfj;ksa dk vieku vkSj ;a=.kk&ogh dksYgw ds lkFk [kM+k jgukA bl rjg lIrkg] eghus

d”V vkSj vR;kpkjksa dh ijkdk”Bk esa fcrkrs gq, blh rjg lkjk tUe fcrkuk FkkA

115

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ugha pkfg, ;g thou

mu ;krukvksa dk fdruk c[kku djsa\ ijarq gWakMh ds pkoy ij[kus ds fy, ,d mnkgj.k nsrk gwaA vaneku esa canhokl esa dkedkt]

vUu&oL=] ekjihV vkfn dbZZ izdkj ls =kl fn;k tkrk gS] mlesa ,d ,slk Fkk tks ns[kus esa lk/kkj.k] dgus esa ladkspkLin] ijarq ftls

lgus esa vius vkils f?ku gksus yxrh vkSj ,slk izrhr gksrk tSls Hkxoku~ thou ls mBk ys rks vPNkA og d”V Fkk&cafn;ksa dks ey&ew=

dk vojks/k djus ds fy, ck/; djukA losjs] nksigj] ‘kke&bl le; ds vfrfjDr ‘kkSp tkuk yxHkx t?kU; vijk/k le>k tkrkA jkr

esa canhokuksa dks Ng&lkr cts gh tks can fd;k tkrk rks lqcg Ng cts }kj [kksyk tkrkA ml vof/kd esa y?kq’kadk ds fy, dsoy ,d

eVdk Hkhrj j[kk tkrkA vaneku ds canhx`g esa lHkh dksBfj;ka vyx&vyx Fkh vkSj izR;sd esa ,d gh canh dks can fd;k tkrkA ckjh

lkgc dk uhfr&fu;e Fkk fd jkf= ds bu ckjg ?kaVksa esa fdlh canh dks ‘kkSp ugha gksuk pkfg,A og eVdk Hkh bruk NksVk gksrk fd

y?kq’kadk ds fy, Hkh iwjk ugha iM+rkA fdlh dks ‘kkSp tkuk gks rks mls okWMZj dks lwfpr djuk iM+rkA okWMZj us ;fn viuh vfuPNk

vFkok Hk;o’k ;g fo’ks”k ckr vlR; ?kksf”kr dh rks iz’u gh ughaA ml canh dks mlh rjg eykojks/k djds rc rd :duk pkfg, tc

rd losjk ugha gksrkA vkSj ;fn okWMZj us teknkj dks lwfpr fd;k rks teknkj canh dks vle; ‘kkSp yxus dh ikuh lud lokj gksus ds

vijk/k esa nl xkfy;ka vkSj okWMZj dks canh dh f’kdk;r lquus ds vijk/k esa ikap xkfy;ka cdrs gq, eu gqvk vkSj uhan dh [kqekjh esa

;kn jgk rks ;g ckr MkWDVj dks crk nsrkA MkWDVj dk ‘kkSp yxus fo”k;d izek.k&i= lkS esa ls ,dk/k ckj feysxkA fQj og ckjh rd

igq aprk vkSj mldh bPNk gqbZ rks rkyk [kksydj ml canh dks ‘kkSp tkus ds fy, fudkyk tkrkA ml ij izkr%dky esa ckjh lkgc ds

lkeus iwNrkN esa ,slk iz’u iwNk tkrk ftldk fdlh Hkh canh dks larks”ktud mŸkj ugha lw>rkA fQj xkfy;kas dh ckSNkj gksrh lks vyxA

^D;kas cs] rqeus jkr Hkj bruk gYyk&xqYyk D;kas fd;k\** D;k djrk gqtwj! Tkksj ls VV~Vh yxh FkhA {kek dhft, gqtwjA* rc viuh lksVh

iVddj ikuh ih&ihdj mls dkslrs gq, lkgc iwNrs]^ij D;ksa yxk Fkk ik[kkuk\ cksy lkys] jkr ds le; VV~Vh D;ksa yxh\* ldidk;k

gqvk canh gM+cM+krs gq, dgrk] ^yxh] blhfy, yxhA teknkj rqjar mls ,d FkIiM+ jlhn djrs gq, dgrk] ^,s lkyk] lkgc dk etkd

mM+krk gS\ ^n;koku ckjh lkgc brus ij gh ml canh dks izk;% NksM+ nsrsA dHkh os cgqr gh nzfor gq, rks mls brus ij u NksM+rs gq, ;g

vkns’k nsdj pys tkrs fd ^bls ,d fnu ds fy, dksYgw isjus dk dke ns nksA*

116

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


pqVdh Hkj rackdw

,slh =kln fLFkfr esa ftu cafn;ksa ds fy, eykojks/k loZFkk vlaHko gks tkrk] os dksBjh esa gh Hkwfe ij ‘kkSp dj ysrsA jkr Hkj vkB&nl

QhV dh ml dksBjh esa ey ds ikl fljgkuk djds lksus ds Ik’pkr~ izkr%dky rkyk [kqyrs gh Hkaxh dh vuqu;fou; djrs&^rqEgsa

pksjh&pksjh pqVdh Hkj rackdw nwaxk] rqe pqipki eSyk lkQ dj nks* mlus ckr ekuh rks Bhd] vU;Fkk fdlh ds ikl rackdw gh ugha gksrh

rks og esgrj gks&gYyk epkdj teknkj ds dke Qwad nsrkA ;fn canhoku ykrksa&?kwalksa ls ekjus ;ksX; gks rks mldh /kqukbZ teknkj Lo;a

djrk] ;fn nafMr xqLlSy gS rks og mls ckjh lkgc ds lkeus [kM+k djrk vkSj ml ij vfHk;ksx yxk;k tkrkA fdlfy,\ rks ^dksBjh esa

xanxh Qsykus* ds vijk/k esaA ,d rks ;g caM nsdj fd ^vkjksih vius gkFkksa ls ey lkQ djs* mlls og dke djok;k tkrk vkSj

rhu&pkj fnu mls vM+xksM+s esa ¼;=a.kk nsus dk ;a=] ftleas iqjkus tekus esa vijkf/k;ksa ds gkFk&ikao dl fn, tkrs½ [kM+s jgus dk naM

fn;k tkrkA

iqu% vM+xksM+s esa [kMs+ jgus esa ey dk gh gha vfirq ew= dk Hkh pkj&pkj ikap&ikap ?kaVs vojks/k djuk iM+rkA izkr%dky Ng ls ysdj nl

cts rd vkSj vijkà ckjg ls ikap cts rd gFkdfM+;ksa esa Vaxs [kM+s jguk iM+rk A ml le; ‘kkSp ds fy, rks D;k] y?kq’kadk ds fy, Hkh

ugha NksM+k tkrkA bl =kl dh ekj lHkh cafn;ksa ij ,d tSlh gksrh] ijraq jktcafn;ksa dks rks cgqr gh d”Vizn gksrk] D;kasfd mUgsa izk;% fnu

esa Hkh dksBjh esa ;k bekjr esa can j[kk tkrk] pkgs os dke djsa ;k u djsaA vr% u dsoy jkr esa] cfYd fnu esa Hkh mu ij ey&ew=

foltZu dh jksd yxkbZ tkrhA fu:ik; gks rc dksBjh vFkok bekjr esa pksjh&fNis Hk wfe vFkok Hkhr ij y?kq’kadk djuh iM+rhA vU;

fuyZTt cafn;ksa dks bldk dksbZ lq[k&nq%[k ugha FkkA os rks yksxksa ds lkeus Hkh galrs&galrs lc dqN dj ysrsA ijarq jktcafn;ksa dks] tks

lH;&f’k”V tuksa esa iys&c<+s Fks&bl rjg djuk tc vfuok;Z gksrk rc mUgsa rhoz u Sfrd osnuk Hkqxruh iM+rhA nsg/keZ dh uSfrd

vko’;drk Hkh ml canhx`g esa ljdkjh vuq’kklu ds fo:} ,d ?kksj vijk/k le>k tkrkA vPNk Hkkstu] vPNk oL=&ifj/kku rks nwj]

vle; ‘kkSp yxus vFkok isV Qwyus ij vojks/k vlguh; gksus ls iwoZ gh y?kq’kadk djuk Hkh foyklfiz;rk le>dj ml dBksj dkjkx`g

esa naMuh; ekuk tkrkA

vanekuh; uhfr’kL=

bl izdkj ds vuq’kklu ds dkj.k esjs T;s”B ca/kq dks ^fNydk&ukfj;y dh tVk,a* dqVus dk] tSlkfd ihNs o.kZu fd;k gS] dke fn;k x;k

Fkk] ftlls mUgsa vkao

117

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dk fodkj gks x;kA muds isV esa cgqr ihM+k gksrh] Hkkstu djrs&djrs th fepykrkA ijarq ,d ckj dksBjh can djus ij la/;k le; gh

[kqyrhA vU; cafn;ksa dks vkao vkfn fodkj gksus ij mUgsa :X.kky; Hkst fn;k tkrkA bl dkj.k os ey&ew= ;Fkkle; djus dk lq[k

vuqHko dj ldrs FksA ijarq jktcanh chekjh esa Hkh dksBjh esa gh can iM+s jgrsA mUgsa :X.kky; esa ugha Hkstk tkrk] tc rd fcydqy

[kfV;k ugha idM+h rc rd( vkSj dksBjh esa Hkh chekjh esa tks ,d eVdk feyrk] og Hkh ^chekj* gh jgrkA jksx gn ls c<+ tkus ij gh

MkWDVj chekjh dk izek.k&i= nsrsA vr% jktcafn;ksa dks nsg/keZ ;Fkkolj iw.kZ u dj ldus ds dkj.k vlã d”V >syus iM+rsA vFkkZr~ esjs

T;s”B ca/kq vkao ds fodkj ls ihfM+r gSa] ;g ckr flikfg;ksa] teknkj rDkk MkWDVj ds dkuksa esa mrjus ds fy, Hkh nks&rhu fnu yx x,A

isV esa ihM+k gksdj nLr gksus yxsA ml ij Hkh canhx`g dk dPpk&iDdk pkoy [kkdj fNydk dwVrs gq, dksBjh esa can iM+s jgukA vr%

nksigj esa chp&chp esa nLr yxrs le; mldk vojks/k lã gksus ij dksBjh esa gh nLR djus iM+rsA ijarq la/;k gksrs gh njoktk [kksyrs

le; ;g ckr izdV gksrh vkSj fxu&fxudj xkfy;ka [kkuh iM+rhA iwjs canhx`g esa mldh ppkZ djkdj iqu% naM hqxrus vFkok cykr~ og

eSyk Lo;a lkQ djus dk izlax Vkyus ds fy, ml dwM+s ds <sj esa nLr djrs vkSj ckgj dwM+k Qasdus ds fy, la/;k Ik’pkr~ tc NksM+k

tkrk rc og eSyk pqipki Qasd nsrsA fdlh dks dkuksdku [kcj ugha gksrhA dbZ ckj gFkdfM+;ksa esa yVdkus ij isV dh ihM+k rFkk nLr

dk fodkj gksus ds ckotqn mUgsa jkr fnu oSls gh yVdk, j[kk tkrkA dbZ ckj ml le; [kM+s&[kMs+ gh nLr djrsA nksigj ckn y?kq’kadk

yxrs gh dksBjh dh Hkhr ij dbZ canh is’kkc dh /kjk NksM+rsA ;g ,d fnu vFkok ,d izlax dh ckr ugha Fkh] o”kksZa dh ckr FkhA ,slh gh

xanxh Hkjh dksBjh esa f?kukSuh nsgkoLFkk esa lksuk iM+rkA ew= dh Hkdkao Hkjh dksBjh esaA

pkSik;ksa dks Hkh dke esa tqVs gksus ij vFkok jkr&csjkr esa ;Fkklle; ey&ew= R;kx djus esa :dkoV Mkyuk Øwjrk le>h tkrh gSA ijarq

og O;fDr] tks jktuhfr vFkok jkT;Økafr esa fgLlk ysrk gS] i’kq dks izkIr Lok/khurk ds fy, Hkh vik= le>kk tkrk vkSj nksigj ckjg

ls Ng cts rd vkSj iwjh jkr ;g lqfo/kk izkIr djus dk lkgl djrk rks naM dk ik= gksrk& ;gh vanekuh; uhfr’kkL= dk fu;e FkkA

vaneku ds canhx`g esa naMfoKku ds bl uhfr’kkL= esa ifjorZu djus ds fy, dfe’uj rd vkosnu&i= x,] ijarq ckjh lkgc dgrs]^;g

lc ljklj feF;k vkjksi gSA bl teknkj ls iwfN, rks lgh fd eSa dHkh bl rjg dh ihM+k nsrk gwa D;k\ ;s yksx esjh bPNk ds fo:}

bl rjg “kM~;a= djrs gSa vkSj eq>ij feF;k vkjksi yxkrs gSaA ^dfe’uj vkSj vU; vf/kdkjh /kedkrs] ^iqu% bl rjg feF;k vkjksi

yxk;k rks ltk Hkksxuh

118

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


iM+sxhA rqe jktcanh gh O;FkZ gYyk epkrs gksA vU; ykssx D;kas ugha dgrs\* vU; yksxksa dks ;g vR;kpkj brus Hkqxrus ugha iM+rsA vkSj

Hkqxrus iM+rs Hkh rks mUgsa os lã izrhr gksrs] lguh; u Hkh yxsa rks ykrksa&?kwalksa dh /kqukbZ rFkk dksYgw ds Hk; ls ckjh lkgc ds fo:} pwa

rd djus dh mudh fgEer ugha gksrhA

uSlfxZd fof/k dk vf/kdkj

vkf[kj ‘kkSp vkSj y?kq’kadk yxuk vFkok yxus ij mldk vojks/k vlaHko gksus ij mldh vuqrfe ekaxuk vuq’kklu&Hkax vFkok vijk/k

ugha gS& ;g fuf’pr djus dk egŸoiw.kZ jktuhfrd vf/kdkj izkIr djus ds fy, fganwLFkku ljdkj ds x`gea=h rd dks vkanksyu NsM+uk

iM+kA ;s lTtu ,d ckj vaneku esa Lo;a i/kkjs&og jkedgkuh vkxs vkusokyh gS& rc jktcafn;ksa esa ls dqN tuksa us muds lkeus viuh

ckr dghA ckjh myV x;k vkSj cksyk] >wB cksyrs gSa ,d iatkch jktcanh unaxksiky us [kjh&[kjh lqukbZ] ^^nsf[k,] bl canhx`g dh

dksBfj;kas esa vki ,d ckj Lo;a pDdj yxkb,] ogka dh nhokjksa ds dksuksa dh nqxZ/k nsf[k,] rc vkidks irk pysxk fd vle; y?ka’kadk

yxus vFkok jkf= dks eVdk Hkj tkus ls cafn;ksa dks nhokj ij y?kq’kadk djuh iM+rh gS ;k ughaA vkidh ukd gh gekjh lk{kh gSA** muds

bl cs/kM+d cksyus ds dkj.k ;|fi uanxksiky dks ^pqi jgks! Pqki jgks! Dgdj pqi fd;k x;k vkSj ckjh ds ikyrw jktcafn;ksa esa ls ,d&nks

tu bls v’yhy ,ao vf’k”V ?kksf”kr djus dh pkiywlh djus esa jŸkh Hkj ugha fgpfdpk,] rFkkfi x`gea=h us xqipqi ckjh ds dku mesBs

vkSj Hkfo”; esa ;g f?kukSuk d”V de gks x;kA okdbZ ;g bruk f?kukSuk] Hkn~nk d”V Fkk fd viuh nsg ls Hkh ?k`.kk gksus yxrhA

^LokaxtqxqIlk ijSjlax’p* ds :i esa ;ksxlw= esa of.kZr lR; dh izR;{k vuqHkwfr gksus yxrhA Lo;a ml uanxksiky dks Hkh ,d ckj pkyh esa

dke djrs le; eykojks/k vlaHko gksus ij lHkh ds lkeus ‘kkSp dk f?kukSuk izlax vk x;k Fkk] rks ^mlus tku&cq>dj ;g d`R; fd;k*

bl rjg mlds fo:} pqxyh [kkdj ckjh us mls vijk/kh ?kksf”kr fd;k FkkA

izFke gM+rky

ukuk izdkj ds mu vR;kpkjksa dh ml le; mifLFkr jktcafn;ksa eas fofHkUu izdkj ls izfrfØ;k gqbZA izFker% lHkh dk mn~ns’; ;g Fkk fd

;FkklaHko ;kruk,a > sydj ftruk gks lds mruk dke djsa vkSj dkjkxkj ds fu;eksa dk ikyu djsaA ijarq tc ‘kkjhfjd rFkk ekufld

d”V vlã gksus yxs] rc lHkh ds lkeus ;g leL;k [kM+h gks xbZ fd ^ft,a ;k ejsa* A nwljksa dk vkxzg Fkk fd tks ladV ge vc rd

lgrs

119

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vk, gSa] ogh vkthou lgus gksaxsA mUgsa lgrs gq, thus ls rks vPNk gS fd yM+rs&yM+rs ej tk,aA

bl Hk;adj leL;k dk] tks ml voLFkk esa rkfŸod :i ls ugha vfirq izfr iy izR;{k lkeus [kM+h jgrh Fkh] jktcafn;ksa ds nks Nksjksa ij

nks fo:} fn’kkvksa dk ifj.kke izR;{k gks x;kA ,d fljs ij] tSlkfd ihNs o.kZu fd;k x;k gS] dqN yksxkas dk ekufld vkSj uSfrd /kS;Z

tokc ns pqdk Fkk vkSj mudk :>ku bl vksj Fkk fd ;sudsu izdkjs.k vf/kdkfj;ksa dh euqgkj djds tSls&rSls bu d”Vksa ls cpk tk,A

blds foijhr nwljs fljs ds vU; ;qodksa dh rstfLork] tks chp esa dqN fnu ds fy, ;krukvksa ds dj.k nc xbZ Fkh] ijarq ;krukvksa rFkk

vR;kpkjksa dk vfrjsd gksrs gh iqu% fdlh uhps ncs izTofyr iksr dh rjg mQudj rhoz vkosx ds lkFk mHkjdj mŸksftr djus yxh]

^ejks] ijarq vieku er lgukA ejks] ij ;FkklaHko la?k”kZ djrs&djrs ejksA* muls tks chp dh eukso`fŸk;kas ds Fks] muds foosd us dgk]

^ft;ks! Tkcrd vius /;s; ds fo:} rqEgkjk thuk ugha gksrk rcrd ;FkklaHko jktuhfr ds vkJ; ds lkFk ft;ksA gka] ;fn /;s; ds

fo:} /;s; dh vafre gkfu djds gh thuk vfuok;Z gks rks Rofjr izk.k R;kx djksA*

ihNs crk;k x;k gS fd ftudh izo`fŸk ;sudsu izdkjs.k thfor jgus ds fy, mdlk jgh Fkh] mUgksaus fdl orZu Øe dk vkJ; fy;kA

yM+rs&yM+rs ejks vFkok ft;ks] bu mHk; i{kksa ds yksxksa us laxfBr gksdj r; fd;k fd vkf[kj mUgsa tks ;a=uk,a >syuh iM+rh gSa mudk

izfrdkj u lgh] izfr”ks/k ds :i esa dBksj ifjJe ds dke os ugha djsaxsA ;g fu’p; loZizFke rc O;Dr gqvk tc gM+rky FkhA bldk

Lo:i NksVk Fkk] ijarq canhx`g esa vkSj ckjh lkgc dh Nkrh ij vkilh ,drk ls gM+rky djuk bruh lkgliw.kZ ckr ekuh xbZ fd mu

bus&fxus yksxksa ds laxfBr :i esa dke djus ds fy, vaxwBk fn[kkrs gh lSdM+ksa cafn;ksa esa ekufld [kycyh ep xbZA mlh rjg ;g

lkspdj fd viuh ‘kfDr ,oa vf/kdkj dks uhpk fn[kk;k x;k gS] og canhiky ckS[kyk x;k A cspkjk Hkksyk ckjh! Hkyk dSls le>sxk fd

;g gM+rky] ;g vieku dqN Hkh ugha gS] vkxs pydj vHkh mldks ,slh fdruh gM+rkysa vkSj vieku ns[kus gSaA

iksVZ Cysvj dk bZ’oj

ckjh lkgc vU; cafn;ksa ls vkSj dHkh&dHkh jktcafn;ksa ls Hkh viuk lqfo[;kr eksVk lksVk /kM+ke ls iVddj dgrk] ^ns[kks js] lkyk yksx!

¼lkyk yksx ckjh lkgc

120

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dh Hkk”kk esa canhoku oxZ dk tkfrokpd uke gksrk FkkA½ nqfu;k esa ,d ijes’oj dk okl gS] og vkdk’k esa jgrk gSA ijarq iksVZ Cysvj esa

nks&nks bZ’oj jgrs gSaA ,d vkdk’k esa vkSj ,d i`Foh ij! vkSj] i`Foh ij jgusokyk iksVZ Cysvj dk ijes’oj eSa gwaA Åij dk bZ’oj rqEgsa

Åij Qy nsxkA ij eSa] iksVZ Cysvj dk bZ’oj rqe yksxksa dks b/kj&dk&m/kj gh Qy nwaxkA lh/ks jkLrs ij pyukA ;kn j[kks&Hkys gh rqe

yksx esjs fdlh ofj”B vf/kdkjh ds ikl&BsB fnYyh ds ykV lkgc ds ikl pys vkSj gesa ;g fn[kkdj fd lHkh tks eSa dgwaxkA* ,d ckj

ge yksxksa dks etk p[kkus ds fy, vkSj gesa ;g fn[kkdj fd lHkh canh mlls fdrus Hk;Hkhr gSa& ge ij flDdk tekus dh lqIr bPNk ls

mlus lHkh cafn;ksa dh nks&nks dh yach iafDr;ka cSBkdj isVh vQljksa vkSj lSfud teknkjksa dh mifLFkfr esa Hkh ,dne Hkhrj ?kqldj iwNk]

^^D;ksa cs isVh vQlj] vHkh fnu gS ;k jkr\** ml ukSflf[k;k vf/kdkjh us] tks Lo;a canh gh Fkk vkSj vHkh&vHkh ftls rjDdh feyh Fkh]

dgk]^^fnu gS gqtwj!** ckjh lkgc ,dne fcxM+dj cksyk]&^^uk&uk] jkr gSA** isVh vQlj us dgk]^^ fnu gSA** cl] ckjh lkgc dk ikjk

lkrosa vkleku ij p<+ x;k vkSj og vius iqjkus eqjCch teknkj dh vksj eqM+dj tksj ls fpa?kkM+k] ^^D;ksa cs teknkj] vc fnu gS ;k

jkr\ gesa rks lkQ&lkQ jkr fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSA** teknkj us dgk]^^th gqtwj] vc rks lkQ jkr gks xbZ gSA** rc ckjh lkgc us rfud

pqHkrs gq, Loj esa rkuk ekjk] ^^rqeus rks Bhd dgk] ijarq ;g lp Hkh lkQ gqvk fd rqe u, isVh vQlj dks Bhd&Bhd f’k{kk ugha ns

jgs gksA ;kn j[kks] vkbank ,slk dqN gks x;k rks a a a aA** dksbZ Hkh u;k&u;k isVh vQlj cu tkrk rks ;s Øwj iBku teknkj mls ckjh

ckck dh th&gqtwjh djus dk] mudh gka esa gka feykus dk dM+k vkns’k nsrsA

reke canhx.k vkt rd ftlds dkj.k Fkj&Fkj dkairs Fks] ogh ckjh jktdh; cafn;ksa }kjk fd, x, vius vf/kdkjksa ds bl NksVs ls

vieku ls cqjh rjg fp<+ x;k rks blesa dksbZ vk’p;Z ughaA ml le; rd jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh iBku vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk og v’yhy

xkfy;ka fnykrk vkSj ;fn dke iwjk u gks ;k fQj jktcanh ,d&nwljs ls ckrphr djrs gq, idM+s x,] rks Hkh os iBku okWMZj vFkok isVh

vQlj mUgsa djkjk >kkiM+ jlhn djrsA ;g ckr crkus ij HKh og gal iM+rk] u fd Øksf/kr gksrkA ij arq ogh jktcanh vc brus ‘ksj

cu x, fd xkyh rks xkyh] ,d&nks tuksa us FkIiM+ ekjuk Hkh vkjaHk dj fn;kA mUgksaus dke djus ls bUdkj djus esa fgLlk fy;k FkkA

muesa ls ,d&nks tuksa us ckjh dh nqxZr cukus dk chM+k mBk;kA

mnkgj.kkFkZ ,d gh jatd ?kVuk lqukrk gwaA Jh;qr~ uanxksiky dks nl o”kZ ds fy, dkysikuh dk naM feyk FkkA os iatkc fLFkr ,d vR;ar

lH;&lq’khy ?kjkus ds

121

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


f’kf{kr ,oa vR;ar ikiHkh: lTtu FksA mUgsa igyh ckj tc dksYgw isjus dk dke fn;k x;k rc os izkr%dky ds le; dksBjh esa x,A

yxHkx nl cts rd /khjs&/khjs mruk dke fuiVk;k ftruk muls cu iM+kA Hkkstu dh ?kaVh ctrs gh uanxksiky¹29 uhps mrjsA dksYgw ls

tqM+s gq, canh dks] tc rd og viuk dke iwjk ugha djrk rc rd] Luku Hkkstu vkfn vko’;d dk;Z Bhd&Bkd rks D;k] FkksM+k Hkh ugha

djus nsrsA ijarq bu egk’k; dks blls D;k\ os vkjke ls Luku ds gkSt ij tkrs] vPNh rjg ls ‘kjhj dks ey&eydj Luku djrs]

mlds Ik’pkr~ Hkkstu ds fy, ps tkrsA rc ekj&ihVdj isVh vQlj mUgsa iqu% dke esa tqVk pqdrs FksA bu egk’k; dks Hkh Hkjiwj xkfy;k sa

dk Hkkstu feyrkA ijarq os ml ij dku rd u nsrs gq, ,sls BkB ls Hkkstu djus esa yhu jgrs tSls og xkfy;kas dh ckSNkj fdlh vkSj

ij gks jgh gS] u fd muijA okWMZj vkSj isVh vQlj xkfy;ka cdrs gq, muds ihNs iM+rs] ^pyks&pyks] dke rqEgkjk a a a adjsxk

bR;kfn&bR;kfnA var esa Fkddkj os goynkj dks cqykrsA goynkj Hkh le>kus dk iz;kl djrkA ;s egk’k; cM+h ‘kkafr ls mldks gh

le>krs] ^^ns[kks HkkbZ] izR;sd xzkl Bhd rjg ls pckdj fuxyus ls gh lgh&lgh iprk gSA gM+cM+h esa [kkus ls isV [kjkc gksrk gSA**

goynkj gkjdj ckjh dks ys vk;kA tsy esa ;g lekpkj vkrs gh fd ^ckjh vk jgk gS* ,slk gM+dai epk tSls Hkwpky vk;k gks ;k tSls

dksbZ igkM+ VwV iM+k gksA lkjs ?kcjk,] ijarq os mlh rjg bRehuku ds lkFk Hkkstu djrs jgsA ckjh rko [kkrs gq, >Yyk;k] ^^lkjs canh

dke ij pys x,A rw ckthjko gS D;k] tks vHkh rd Hkkstu dj jgk gS\ dke dkSu iwjk djsxk\ ;kn j[k] gM~Mh uje dj nwaxkA**

Jhekuth dkSj pckrs eqLdjrs gq, dgus yxs] ^^eSa D;k ;wa gh gkFk ij gkFk /kjs fuBYyk cSBk gwa\ oS|dh; ‘kkL= ds vuqlkj izR;sd xzkl

de&ls&de nl ckj pckuk pkfg,A okLro esa eq[k ls gh ikpu fØ;k dk izkjaHk gksrk gSA** ;g oS|d ‘kkL=h; er lqudj ckjh dh

Øks/kkfXu esa tSls ?kh iM+ x;kA eaqg fcpdkrs gq, ngkM+kA ^^Bgj tk] rqEgkjs bl vfu;fer csdk;nk O;ogkj ij dy vfHk;ksx pykÅaxkA**

Jhekuth us dgk] ^^nl ls ckjg cts rd ljdkj ls izkIr NqV~Vh ds le; vki bu vui<+ cafn;ksa dks dke ij yxk, gq, gks] D;k ;g

fu;e fo:} ugha gS\** ckjh eu&gh&eu pkSad iM+kA og nl ls ckjg dh NqV~Vh esa Hkh fu;e ds fo:} tsy esa dke djokrk jgrk FkkA

var esa ^rqe pkgs ftruh tqxkh djrs jgks] ijarq ;fn la/;k gksrs rd dke iwjk ugha fd;k rks casr ls rqEgkjh ihB dh [kky m/ksM+ nwaxk*&bl

rjg mls /kedkrs gq, vkSj lHkh cafn;ksa ds lkeus viuh vkKk dk vieku djus ij Hkh vU; dSfn;ksa dh

29

budk uke Hkh uanxksiky Fkk&misanzukFk canksik/;k; ds vuqHko&^dkjkokl dh dgkuh*] izdk’kd jktLFkku ,tsalh] dydŸkkA

122

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


rjg mldh rRdky /kqukbZ ugha dj ldk] blds vieku ls yky&ihyk gksrs gq, gkFk eyrk] iSj iVdrk ckjh okil pyk x;kA

oS|d ‘kkL= dk ,d vkSj izes;

b/kj Jheku dk tSls&rSls Hkkstu fuiVkA isVh vQlj] goynkj] okWMZj lHkh dh tku esa tku vkbZA mUgksaus mUgsa dksBjh esa ykdj dksYgw

isjus ds fy, can fd;kA muls izkFkZuk Hkh dh fd vc rks oS|d ‘kkL=kuqlkj Hkkstu lekIr gksus ij dldj dke djksA ;g er Hkwyuk

fd cafn;ksa dk dke v/kwjk jgus ij ckjh izFker% isVh vQlj rFkk okWMZjksa dks gh vkM+s gkFk ysrk gSA mls iqpdkjrs gq, os vxys cafn;ksa

dks xkfy;ka nsrs gq, vkxs c<+ x,A FkksM+h rks egk’k; ,d dacy fcNkdj ml ij viuh yach&pkSM+h nsg ;Fkklq[k ilkjdj nwljk dacy

vks<+s [kjkZVs Hkj jgs gSaA fp<+dj xkyh cdrk isVh vQlj ngkM+k] ^^ ,s ‘kSrku! vcs rq>s gks D;k x;kA vc rks mBA** Jheku us vka[ksa

[kksyhA gkFk ls /khjs ls ladsr fd;k] ^’kksj er djksA* fQj eqag ls] ^^teknkj] Hkkstu ls fuiVrs gh dksYgw pykus yxwa rks lkjs [kk, gq,

vUu dk ikpu ugha gksxkA oS|d ‘kkL= dk ,d vkSj izesg gS fd Hkkstu ds Ik’pkr~ rfud ckbZa djoV ls foJke djsaA

esjh ukuh Hkh ;gh dgk djrh FkhaA** lHkh can galrs&galrs yksViksV gks x,A teknkj dk ikjk p<+ x;kA ijarq dksBjh [kksydj Jheku us

rsy dk vk/kk dksVk&inazg ikSaM iwjk fd;kA okLro esa fnu Hkj dystk rksM+dj ifjJe djus ij Hkh vU; dSfn;ksa ls bruk rsy fudkyuk

vlaHko Fkk] ijarq Jhekuth dk ‘kjhj gV~Vk&dV~V] lqn`<+ FkkA ikBdksa us bl >ydh ls Hkkai fy;k gksxk fd budk eu dSlk FkkA var es a

mUgsa dke de djus ds fy, naM fn;k x;k] de Hkkstu fn;k x;kA vkf[kj lqifjVsaMsaV us ;g vuqca/k fd;k fd rhu fnu iwjk dke djsaxs

rks vkidks dksYgw ls gVk nsaxsA mlds vuqlkj Jheku us oS|d ‘kkL=h; fu;e dks mrus le; rd vkys ij j[kdj rhu fnu iwjk dke

fd;kA ijarq mUgsa bruk >qdrs gq, ns[kdj ckjh us rksrs dh rjg vka[ksa Qsjha vkSj vuqca/k rksM+dj mUgsa fQj dksYgw ij HkstkA mUgksaus

eqagrksM+ mŸkj fn;] ^^dke ugha djsaxsA ge cSy ugha] euq”; gSaA** ;gha ls izFke gM+rky dk Jhx.ks’k gks x;kA jktcafn;ksa dh iqu% n`f”V

cnyus rFkk mUgsa gM+rky rd vkrs ns[kdj ckjh Hkh eu&gh&eu pkSad iM+kA

123

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


tks jktcanh gM+rky esa ‘kkfey gks x, mu ij naMksa dh Hkjekj gksus yxhA vkB fnu gFkdM+h&csM+h] dksBjh canh vkfn fu;ekarxZr naM rks

fn, gh x,] fu;e fo:} naM Hkh fn, x,A mi;qZDr Jheku ln`’k tks fuHkhZdrkiwoZd O;ogkj djrs] mudk ?keaM pwj&pwj djus ds fy,

mUgsa nl&nl] ckjg&ckjg fnu dkath ds vfrfjDr vU; dqN [kkus ds fy, ugha fn;k x;kA ijarq bl vk’kk ls fd bl rjg ek=

nks&rhu fnu ckj fn, x, ekaM+ ij jgdj mudh ‘kfDr {kh.k gks tk,xh vkSj eukscy VwV tk,xk] ;g naM fn;k tkrk] ij fdlh canh ds

naM&i=d ds vk/kkj ij ckjh us ;g vkjksi ljklj feF;k fl} fd;k vkSj mu vf/kdkfj;ksa us mls eku fy;kA eq>s bu lgcafn;ksa us

‘kiFkiwoZd dgk Fkk fd ,d vksj mUgsa ml ekaM+ ij j[kk tkrk] nwljh vksj ;fn fojks/k fd;k x;k rks dks;usy ds ?kawV muds xys esa maMys

tkrsA mlls pDdj vk tkrk] isV esa rh[kh tyu gksus ls cgqr vf/kd d”V gksrkA ijarq bu lkjs vR;kpkjksa ds lkeus gM+rkyokyksa us

gfFk;kj ugha MkysA bruk gh ugha] ;g tkudj fd bu cafn;ksa dk n`<+ laxBu gS vkSj mudk /kS;sZ ns[kdj vU; cafn;ksa ij Hkh ckjh dk

tks vekuqf”kd ncnck Fkk og mM+u&Nw gks jgk gS] mUgsa ;g vk’oklu fn;k x;k fd vc rqEgsa dksYgw ij ugha Hkstk tk,xkA bruk gh ugha

vfirq vU; cafn;ksa dh rjg rqe yksxksa dks Hkh dkjkx`g ds ckgj ds canh tks tkudkjh nsrs] mlls Kkr Fkk fd ckgj izpqj ek=k esa

Lora=rk gSA blds vfrfjDr ,d ckj vius ckgj fudyus ds vf/kdkj ij eksgj yxokbZ tk, rks fQj mlds vuq”kax ls ikap o”kksZa ds

Ik’pkr~ Lora= dke djus dk vkSj bl o”kksZa ds Ik’pkr~ ^fVdV* ysdj ?kj clkus dk vf/kdkj izkIr djus dk izlax vk,xk&;g tkudj

jktcafn;ksa dh mRdV bPNk Fkh fd fdlh izdkj ;gka ls ckgj fudysa& rc ;g lqudj fd de&ls&de dqN yksxksa dks ,d o”kZ dkjkx`gokl

iwjk djus ls fu;ekuqlkj ckgj NksM+k tk,xk] yksxksa us Hkkai fy;k fd gM+rky dk mn~ns’; lQy gks x;k vkSj ,d&,d djds gM+rky ls

gVdj os dke ij tkus yxsA pan gh fnuksa esa dqN yksxksa dks ckgj fudkyk x;kA [kkM+h esa Nkrh] tkaW?kksa rd dhpM+ esa mrjdj dhpM+

Hkjuk] lM+d cqgkjuk] ukfj;y <ksuk bl rjg ds dke mUgsa fn, x,A dbZ yksxksa dks xkM+h esa tksrk x;kA

vaneku esa xkM+h esa ljdkjh vf/kdkjh cSBrs gSa vkSj mls [khapus ds fy, cSy&

124

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


?kksM+s vkfn i’kqvksa dks tksrus ls tks O;; gksrk] mls cpkus ds fy, cafn;ksa dks tksrk tkrkA yxkrkj Hkkxrs vkSj cM+h&cM+h p<+kbZ ls

gkWaQrs&gkaWQrs xkM+h [khaprs vkSj Åij ls xkfy;ka [kkrs canh vkrs&tkrs fn[kkbZ nsrsA eSa ,sls ,d&nks vaxszt vf/kdkfj;ksa dks tkurk gwa tks

bl jhfr dks ukilan djrs gq, cafn;ksa ls xkM+h ugha f[kapokrs FksA ijarq ,sls fdlh canh dks ugha tkurk tks xkM+h [khapus ds fy, lkQ euk

djrkA rFkkfi ckjh dh dq’kkxz u lgh ijarq eksVh cqf} us og Hkh lHkh dks fn[kk;kA lqifjaVsaMsaV ds eu ij ;g vafdr djus ds fy, fd

jktcanh fdrus minzoh] ftn~nh gSa] ckjh us goynkj dks lwpuk nh Fkh fd muesa ls ,d&nks vfhkekuh rFkk fuHkhZd yksxksa dk ckgj fudkyrs

gh xkM+h esa tksrk tk,A vFkkZr~ xkM+h [khapus dk vkns’k nsrs gh mu fuMj yksxksa us Vdk lk tokc ns fn;k fd ge cSy ugha tks euq”;ksa dh

xkM+h [khapsA ckjh us rikd ls lqifjaVsMsaV ls dgk] ^^ns[kk] fdrus cnek’k gSa ;s yksxA dkjkx`g esa budh jV Fkh ge dksYgw ugha isjasxsA vc

bUgsa ckgj fudkyk rks dgrs gSa xkM+h ugha [khapsxsaA vc vki gh crkb,] bu lH; yksxksa ds fy, eSa ,slk dke dgka ls ykÅa ftleas dksbZ

nks”k ugha gks vkSj ;fn bUgsa budh f’kdk;rksa dks lqudj eSa fdlh vU; lqyHk vFkok f’k”V dk;Z ij yxkÅa rks vU; cafn;ksa dh n`f”V esa

i{kikrh gksdj nks”kh ugha dgykÅaxk\

ikiHkh: ckjh lkgc

ijarq ;gh ckjh lkgc ;fn mudk eu djs rks ftu cafn;ksa ds fy, dkyk v{kj HkSal cjkcj gS] mUgsa dpgjh esa] viuh dksBh ij Hkh

vkjke ds dke ns nssrs] Hkys gh os Mkdw D;ksa u gksaA bruk gh ugha] bu jktcafn;ksa esa HKh tks muds fiNyXxw Fks vkSj gka th] gka th djrs

Fks] muds dsoy gkFk ij gkFk /kjs fuBYys cSBus dh xqipqi vkKk Hkh ckjh lkgc ns nsrs FksA blesa mUgsa i{kikr dk jŸkh Hkj Hkh Hk; ugha

yxrkA ckjh lkgc dh i{kikr dh O;k[;k Fkh fd ftlds ;ksx ls muds i{k dk ikr vFkkZr~ iru gksus dh vk’kadk gksrh] mls i{kikr

dgk tkrk FkkA

ftl le; eSa tsy esa igqapk Fkk ml le; rd ds jktcafn;ksa ds dPps fpV~Bs dk lkjka’k Åij fn;k x;k gSA lkjk o`Ÿkkar esjs vkus ds

eghus Hkj ds vanj&ckgj gh eq>s lwfpr fd;k x;kA jktcafn;ksa esa dqN yksx lPps eu ls gM+rky uhfr ds fo:} FksA dqN yksxksa us ^ckjh

okD; izek.k* dk ozr Lohdkj fd;k gqvk FkkA muds }kjk jktcafn;ksa esa QwV dh rFkk mu yksxksa dh] ftUgkasus vf/kdkfj;ksa dh xkyh ij

xkyh] m}r O;ogkj ij m}r O;ogkj] bl rjg bZaV dk tokc iRFkj ls nsuk vkjaHk fd;k gS] ;g fdruh ccZjrk] vlH;rk gS] vkfn

ckrsa djuk vkjaHk fd;kA vFkkZr~ bl fo”k; ij esjk

125

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vfHkizk; tkuus ds fy, jktcanh gh ugha vfirq ckjh dk Hkh ,M+h&pksVh ,d djuk LokHkkfod FkkA yxHkx nl&ianzg fnuksa rd eq>s Åij

gh can j[kus ds ckn uhps dh bekjr esa fnu esa dke djus ds fy, yk;k x;k vkSj izFker% eq>s iwoZof.kZr fNydk dwVus dk dke fn;k

x;kA okLro esa fNydk nsk vFkok Ms<+ ikSaM fn;k tkrk FkkA ijarq izFker% eq>s ,d ikSaM fn;k x;kA ckjh us esjh ;ksX;rk ij ,d pk’kuh

esa ixk Hkk”k.k nsrs gq, dgk& ;g eq> ij fo’ks”k d`ik gSA ;|fi ;g n;k’khyrk gS rFkkfi ml n;k] d:.kk esa bruh e`nqrk vlaHko gS tks

esjs gkFkksa esa mu lw[kh&:[kh tVk,a e[key tSlh uje eqyk;e cu tk,aA mUgsa dwV&dwVdj esjs gkFk fNYk x,] Luk;qvksa esa lwtu vkus ls

muesa ihM+k gksus yxh] gFksfy;ksa ij cM+s&cM+s QksM+s mHkjus yxs vkSj ,sls gh dwVrs jgus ds dkj.k [kwu cgus yxkA eSaus lqifjaVsaMsaV dks gkFk

fn[kkdj dgk] ^^D;k dke esa ifjorZu ugha gks ldrk\ de&ls&de dqN fnuksa ds fy, rks dke can gks tk,A** mUgksaus cl ,d gh okD;

esa mŸkj fn;k] ^^lHkh dh ;gh gkyr gksrh gSA vkidks rks cl ,d gh ikSaM fNydk fn;kA ;gh ljdkjh d`ik lef>, fd nks ikSaM ugha

fn;kA bruk dgdj os pyrs cusA vFkkZr~ mlh voLFkk esa fNydk dwVuk iM+kA dwVh gqbZ rFkk ca/kh gqbZ tVkvksa dh xfÏ;ksa ij dbZ ckj

ygw dh cwanas VidrhA ijarq ;g ns[kus dh /kka/kyh esa fd og ikSaM Hkj gS ;k ugha] ckjh lkgc dks ;g ns[kus dh Qqjlr gh dgka Fkh fd os

xfÏ;ka dwVus ds ygw lus gkFk ns[krsA

lkyk yksx! Cksar yxkosaxs

rFkkfi fuR; gh ‘kke dks vkdj ckjh lkgc eq>ls nl&ikap feuV vaxzsth esa okŸkkZyki fd, fcuk ugha jgrsA ‘kh?kZ gh mudh ckrksa eas ogka

ds jktcafn;ksa ds O;ogkj dk mYys[k gksus yxkA ,d jktcanh dh u dsoy tkudkjh oju~ iz.kke Hkh nwljs rd igqapkus ds fy, vU; yksxk sa

dks dM+k fu”ks/k fd;k tkrk vkSj vijk/k esa ;fn dksbZ jaxs gkFk idM+k x;k rks mldh okWMZjh fudkyh tkrh vFkok vkB fnu ds fy, mls

dksYgw ij Hkstk tkrkA ijarq mlh jktcanh dk lkjk dPpk fpV~Bk ckjh lkgc vU; yksxksa rd fdlh Hkh rjg ls igqapk nsrs FksA fdlh Hkh

rjg ls dk vfHkizk; gS fd ftl ;ksx ls muesa QwV Mkyh tk lds] ml rjg ls ckjh lkgc tkurs Fks fd mUgksaus Hkys gh yk[k gFkdaMs

pyk,] eq>s jktcafn;ksa dk iwoZ bfrgkl Kkr gks pqdk gSA vr% bl mn~ns’; ls ckjh lkgc eq>s tkudkjh nsrs] rkfd os viuk i{k fl}

dj ldsaA blesa mudh iz/kku jVar ;g gksrh Fkh fd tks yksx muds fiNyXxw Fks] mudh Hkjiwj iz’kalk djds vkSj gM+rky esa fgLlk u

ysdj dkjkx`g esa Hkh Lo;a dks O;FkZ vieku vFkok xkyh&xykSt ls cpkrs gq, vf/kdkfj;ksa ls fuHkhZdrkiwoZd O;ogkj djrsA mudh

126

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Hkjiwj fuank vkSj og vge ckr tks bu nks mn~ns’;ksa ls vuqekfur gksrh] og eq>s ;g Li”V lqukuk fd esjs tSls f’kf{kr ,ao [;kruke

O;fDr dks mu ew[kZ] xaokj rFkk vf’k”V yksxksa ds tky esa ugha Qaluk pkfg,A blh esa esjk dY;k.k gSA bl rjg ds laokn esa] tks nh?kZ

dky rd tkjh jgk Fkk] eSaus ;FkklaHko eqag can j[kkA ijarq dHkh&dHkh vius cka/koksa dh fcuk fdlh d`ik izkIr djuk] eqag ns[kh djds gka

esa gka feykuk esjs fy, vlguh; gksrk vkSj ek= ekSu j[kus ij larq”V u gksdj ckjh iwNrk jgrk] ^vkidh D;k jk; gS\ crkb,] crkb,

u!* ,d gh mnkgj.k nsuk gks rks bruk dgdj fd ihNs ftu Jhekuth dh eSaus tkudkjh nh] mudk gM+rky&dkyhu eqagrksM+ vkpj.k

vf’k”Vrk Fkh] ckjh lkgc ckj&ckj eq>s vuqjks/kiwoZd ;gh trkus yxs fd og ikxy gks x;k Fkk] og ghudqyhu euq”; gSA bruk gh ugha]

ykyp fn[kkdj eq>ls dgus yxs] ^^vkids tSls i<+s&fy[ks f’kf{kr O;fDr dh bl ckjs esa jk; lquus dh esjh bPNk gSA crkb,] ikxy gqg

fcuk Hkyk dksbZ bl rjg dk vkpj.k dj ldrk gS\**

ckjh jfpr ukVd

rc lcdqN vlguh; ekurs gq, eSaus lkQ dj fn;k] ^^;|fi eq>ls vkids of.kZr jktcafn;ksa esa ls fdlh dk ifjp; ugha gqvk gS] rFkkfi

vkids crk, gq, o`Ÿkkar ls Hkh mlesa eq>s jŸkh Hkj efrHkz”Vrk vFkok vLkH;rk ugha fn[krhA d”V vlguh; gksus ij vFkok vf/kdkfj;ks a

dh fu;e fo:} ;a=ukvksa ij jktcanh gh ugha] vU; cafn;ksa dks Hkh gM+rky }kjk mudk izfr”ks/k djus ds vfrfjDr lgtrkiwoZd vU;

dkSu lk ekxZ feysxk\ vki pkgs dqN Hkh dgks] ;s Jheku vPNs&[kkls dqyhu izrhr gks jgs gSaA os dksbZ dkab;ka ;k dye f?klusokys DydZ

¼jksx vkSj DykWdZ½ fcydqy ugha gSaA esjk mŸkj lqudj ckjh lkgc yky&ihys gks x,A ijarq tSls&rSls ml fnu dk Hkk”k.k lekIr djds

eq>s IkzHkkfor djus ds fy, mUgksaus nwljs fnu ,d nwljk gh ukVd djok;kA ftu jktcafn;ksa dks ckgj dke ij Hkstk tkrk] os yxHkx

X;kjg cts Hkkstu ds fy, fQj canhx`g esa vk, gq, FksA mUgsa Hkkstu ds fy, ogha cqyk;k x;k tgka eSa Hkkstu dj jgk FkkA mUgksaus iwjh

rjg ls Luku ugha fd;k FkkA muds diM+s rFkk ‘kjhj dhpM+ Hkjh Vksdfj;ka <ks&<ksdj xans] eSys&dqpSys gks x, FksA mUgas oSls gh [kM+k fd;k

x;kA brus esa ckjh lkgc ogka i/kkjs vkSj esjh vksj mn~naMrkiwoZd ihB djds rS’k esa lksVh iVdrs gq, ml Vksyh ij cjl iM+s] ^^D;ksa os

lkys] vkt rqeus dhpM+ Hkjh mruh Vksdfj;ka D;ksa ugha Qasdh ftruh teknkj us Qasdus ds fy, dgk Fkk\ ;kn j[kks] rqEgkjh gM~Mh&gM~Mh

rksM+ MkywaxkA gka] ns[kks teknkj] vkt nksigj esa Hkh ;s

127

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


yksx lc dke ugha djsa rks bUgsa esjs lkeus ys vkvksA bu lkys yksxksa dks casr yxkdj budh aa a a aQkM+ Mkyuh iM+sxhA**

bl rjg d v’yhy Hkk”kk dk iz;ksx djrs gq, mUgksaus esjh rjQ eqM+dj ,sls ns[kk tSls eq>s mUgksaus vHkh&vHkh ns[kk gSA fQj og canhiky

dgus yxk] ^^ns[kks lkojdj] buds cgdkos esa er vkukA ;s lkys nks Vds ds yksx gSaA vki i<+s&fy[ks gSaA budk D;k\ vkB&nl cjl

dkVdj ?kj pys tk,axsA vkidk ,slk ughaA vkidks ipkl cjl dk caM gS vkSj vki jktcanh ughaA vr% buls cksy&pky j[kus ij Hkh

vkidks ?kkVk mBkuk iM+sxkA vki cl vius fVdV dh vksj ¼canh i=] ftlesa eq>s ipkl o”kksZa dk naM fn;k x;k Fkk½ ns[kdj viuh gh

fpark dhft,A vkius ;g lc lqu fy;k u!**

vki jktcanh ugha gSa

ijarq eSa ml iz’u dks vuqŸkfjr j[k Øks/kkfo”V Hkko ls Hkkstu djrk jgkA ;g ns[kdj rfud f[kfl;krs gq, ckjh lkgc cksys] ^^ns[kks]

blh esa vkidh HkykbZ gSA vki jktcanh ugha] vki vU; pksj&mpDdksa dh rjg ,d lk/kkj.k vijk/kh gSaA** bl rjg eq>s iqu%&iqu% lpsr

djrs gq, pyrs cusA ml fnu igyh ckj eq>s Kkr gqvk fd eSa jktcanh ugha gwaA bl rF; dks esjs xys mrkjus ds fy, fdruh ckj ckjh]

lqifjaVsaMsaV rFkk vU; ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa us bls jVk gksxk] bldh dksbZ fxurh gh ughaA

ckjh lkgc pys x,A esjs lkeus jktcafn;ksa dks /kedkus dk mudk mn~ns’; ;g Fkk fd eq>s Hkh blh rjg xkyh&xyk St] /kedh rFkk

ekjihV dk lkeuk djuk gksxk] ;g lkspdj eSa nc tkÅaxkA gka] blhfy, ckjhus ;g izR;{k n`’;&ikB dk mnkgj.k esjs lkeus j[kk FkkA

;g ns[kdj eq> mu jktcafn;ksa ij n;k vk xbZA ;g Hkh Kkr gks x;k fd eq>s Hkh nq%[kksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+sxk] ijarq mldh ifj.kfr

nCcw cuus esa ugha gqbZ blds foijhr eq>s ,slk izrhr gqvk fd muds lkFk bl vieku dks lgus dh ckjh eq>ij vk tk,] ftlls bu

yksxksa dks fuBYys] xqaMs vkfn rkus ekjs tk,a] rc ;g tkudj fd eSa Hkh mu fHk[kkjh] vui<+ksa dh gh iafDr esa gwa] mudk ekufld nq%[k

gydk gksxk vkSj os lkjs rkus] mykgus mlls Hkh O;FkZ fl} gkssaxsA ;g tkurs gq, Hkh fd muls laHkk”k.k djus ls eq>s naM feysxk] mu

rVLFk jktcafn;ksa ls izFke ckj eSaus izR;{k HksaV dh Fkh] vkSj eSaus vkxs c<+dj muls muds uke iwNsA muds mrjs gq, psgjs ns[kdj eSaus

dgk] ^^ca/kq] vki eu esa blfy, ladksp er djuk vkSj u gh viuk /khjt [kks nsuk fd esjs lkeus canhiky us vkids fy, v’yhy

Hkk”kk dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA vkt og vkidks daxys] vksNs dg jgs gSa] dy eq>s Hkh dgasxsA ;g

128

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vkidk vieku ugha gS] tks vkidks bl rjg ds nq%’kCn dgrk gS] og vius vkidk gh vieku djokrk gSA vkt ge vo’k gSaA vkt

txr~ esa gekjk vieku gks jgk gS] ijarq ,d fnu dnkfpr~ ,slk gh vk,xk fd vaneku ds bl dkjkxkj esa jktcafn;ksa ds iqrys [kM+s gksaxs

vkSj gtkjksa yksx bls rhFkZ {ks= ekudj bldh ;k=k djsaxs fd ;gka ij fganqLFkku ds jktcanh jgrs FksA¹30

mu d”V ihfM+Rk la=Lr ca/kqvksa esa ls fdlh ds Hkh iYys esjs bl Hkk”k.k dk iwjk vFkZ ugha iM+kA de&ls&de bu fopkjksa dks iznf’kZr djrs

le; esjs vius eu esa ftl rst dk lapkj gqvk rFkk fujk’kk [kRe gksrh gqbZ yxhA oSls Hkko mudh eqnzk ls izdV gksrs gq, fn[kkbZ ugha

fn,A dsoy ,d tu us rfud pkSaddj dgk] ^^D;k vki lR; gh ,slk lksprs gSa\** eSaus dgk] ^^dnkfpr~ ,slk gksxk HkhA de&ls&de gksuk

pkfg,A** brus esa isVh vQlj rFkk okWMZj fpYykrs gq, vk, vkSj ^vkB ckcw] rqEgsa D;k gks x;k gSA vkidks buls ckr djrs gq, ckjh us

ns[k fy;k rks og gekjh tku ys ysxkA pyks] ge vkidk vknj djrs gSa ijarq ;fn ,slk djsaxs rks ns[kks! dgrs gq, eq>s ?klhVrs gq,

mUgksasus dksBjh esa can fd;kA

30

Lok- ohj lkojdj dh ok.kh fl} gqbZa 30 fnlacj] 1943 ds fnu usrkth lqHkk”kpanz cksl dh lsuk us vaneku ij Lora= fganqLFkku dk

/ot ygjk;kA ml le; mu Lora=rk lsukfu;ksa dh ekuoanuk dh xbZ tks ogka ij igys naM Hkqxr jgs FksA Lor=a Hkkjr dh ljdkj us Hkh

lkroha ikyh dh Ø- 42 dh dksBjh esa ohj lkojdj dk fp= yxokdj ogka mudk NksVk lk Lekjd cuok;k gSA jk”Vªifr jktsanz izlkn]

iz/kkuea=h ‘kkL=h th us oanu fd;k gSA

129

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&10

vxzt ds n’kZu

esjs T;s”B ca/kq vkSj eSa&nksuksa ,d gh canhx`g esa canh Fks] fQj Hkh vkt rd geus ,d&nwljs dks ns[kk ugha FkkA esjs vkus ls muds àn; dks

vk?kkr igqapk FkkA mUgsa dkjkxkj esa tks ;kruka, lguh iM+rh] mUgsa lqudj esjk dystk QV tkrk FkkA ijarq ,d fnu ,sls izlax dk

lkeuk djuk iM+k ftlds lkeus ,slk yxk fd og nq%[k dqN Hkh ugha gSA brus nq%[kn thou esa lq[k dnkfpr~ gh izfrHkkflr gksrk gSA

ca/kq ls feyus dh mRd”V bPNk LokHkkfod FkhA okWMZj vkSj isVh vQlj dh vuqu; djds ns[kk fd ;su&dsu imk;ksa ls dosy mudh ,d

ljljh n`”V D;ksa u gks] ijarq xqIr :i ls blfy, fd eSaus vius ca/kq ds laca/k esa ckjh lkgc vkSj lqifjaVsaMsaV ls HKh dbZ ckj iwNkA os

dgrs] ^ge vkidks ;g Hkh ugha crk ldrs fd os dkjkx`g esa gSa ;k ughaA fQj HksaV djkus dh ckr rks nwj gh jghA* ,d ckj lquk] HkkbZ

lkgc dk flj ihM+k ds ekjs QVk tk jgk gSA rc lqifjaVsaMsaV ls iwNk] ^D;k ;g lR; gS\ rks fQj mUgsa :X.kky; D;ksa ugha ys tkrs\ D;ksa

dksBjh esa can j[krs gks\* mŸkj feyk] ^vki vius ckjs esa lksfp,] vU; cafn;ksa ds ckjs esa vki iwNrkN ugha dj ldrsA* ,slk dgdj

myVs esjh pkyh ds teknkj dks og oSls gh xkfy;ka cdus yxk] ^^;g lekpkj bl canh dks dSls Kkr gqvk\ lkyk] rqe cankscLr ugha

j[krkA crkvks] fdlus mls ;g ckr crkbZ\** eSa ,slh voLFkk esa xqIr mik;ksa ls yacs le; ls fcNqMs+ vius T;s”B ca/kq ds iq.; n’kZu ikus

ds iz;kl esa FkkA foyk;r tkr¹31s le; eq>s fonk djus tks yksx vk, gq, Fks] mlh le; eSaus T;s”B Hkzkrk ds n’kZu fd, FksA mlds

Ik’pkr~ bl canhx`g esa mudk n’kZu djus dk izlax vk;kA eu&gh&eu lkspk] mUgs a vR;ar [ksn gksxk] vr% HkasV dks Vkyk x;k tk,A ijarq

bl rjg eqag eksM+uk D;k nq%[kksa dk lkeuk djus ls th pqjkuk ugha gS\ nq%[k dk fo’kky xtjkt rks àn; ds iks[kj esa ?kqlk cSBk gS] vc

Hkyk mldh

31

9 twu ds fnu lkojdj yanu x,A gks ldrk gS] vaneku dh ;g HksaV lu~ 1911 esas gqbZ gksA

130

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


iwaN ls D;k Mjuk\ vkSj vius vxzt ds ikou n’kZu ds iq.; ls blfy, drjkuk fd us= ty dh pkj cwansa vf/kd >jsaxh] ;g Hkh:rk

gksxhA ml voLFkk esa mu ifo= vklqavks esa eaxy&Luku gksuk tUe&tUekarj ds iq.; dk gh Qy gksrk gSA

vkf[kj ;g ns[kdj fd bl le; muls HkasV gksuk laHko gS] eSaus ,d okWMZj dh lgk;rk ls mldk izca/k djus dk fu’p; fd;kA ‘kke dks

Hkh lHkh cafn;ksa dks ,d lkFk ugha NksM+k tkrk FkkA ijarq dHkh&dHkh ,d foHkkx ds cafn;ksa dks okil Hkstus ls igys gh tYnh&tYnh esa

nwljs ca/kq dks uki&rkSydj dke nsus ds le; esjs foHkkx ds cafn;ksa dks NksM+k x;k rks eSa Hkh muesa ?kql x;kA rHkh nwj ls okil ykSVrs

le; esjh vkSj esjs ca/kq dh vka[ksa pkj gks xbZA foyk;r tkrs le; mUgksaus eq>s ns[kk tgka esjh dk;k vius HkkX;ksn; dh ykSfdd vk’kkvksa

dh jk[k ls luh gqbZ Fkh] rks iy Hkj ds fy, mUgsa tSls dkB ekj x;kA muds eq[k ls cl ,d gh mn~xkj QwVk] tks muds ewd nq%[kksa]

osnukvksa dk fu”d”kZ Fkk] ^^rkR;k] rw ;gka dSls vk;k\**

;g ,d gh uqdhyk eeZHksnh mn~xkj vlã osnukvks&ihM+kvksa dk rh{.k ck.k FkkA og esjs àn; esa ‘kwy dh rjg ?kql x;kA ijarq ca/kq us bu

‘kCnksa dkk tksj ls mPpkj.k fd;k Fkk] vr% ;fn nksuksa HkkbZ ,d&nwljs ls blh rjg tksj&tksj ls cksyus yxs rks vf/kdkjh dk /;ku bl

vksj caV tk,xk vkSj lHkh ls ihNs [khap fy;kA cl mlh ,d {k.k ckn eq>s vius ca/kq ls fcNqM+uk iM+kA ijarq og mn~xkj esjs eu esa

mlh rjg uklwj cudj jg x;kA meM+rs gq, nq%[kksa ls Hkjh ,d xqIr fpV~Bh Hkh esjs ca/kq dh vksj ls eq>s Hksth xbZ&^rw ckgj dk dk;Z

lQy djsxk gh] fiz; fganqLFkku dk a a ! cgqr fo’okl Fkk eq>sA bl fo’okl ds dkj.k eq>s dkysikuh dk ;g tks naM feyk] mldk dqN

Hkh cqjk ugha yxrkA eu bl ladV dks rqPN ekurk Fkk] D;kasfd ftl dk;Z esa ;g cfynku eSa dj jgk gwa og a a a a¼djus½ rw ckgj gS ghA

;g dYiuk eq>s /khjt ca/kkrh Fkh] d”Vksa dh lQyrk dk vkHkkl fnykrh FkhA ijarq isfjl esa jgrs gq, Hkh rqe vc buds gkFk dSls vk

x, a a a aml ckr dk vkSj dk;Z dk D;k gksxk a a a \ rqEgkjh ;ksX;rk] drZO; lc efV;kesV gksxk u\ vkSj cky a a aog gekjk uUgk cNM+k a

a a afdldk eqag rkdsxk\ izR;{k ns[kdj Hkh eq>s fo’okl ugha gks jgkA le> esa ugha vk jgk fd gk;! gk;! rqe ;gka dSls vk x,\*

esjs eu dh lgu’khyrk dks mruk ruko dHkh ugha >syuk iM+k Fkk ftruk ml

131

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fpVBh dk mŸkj fy[krs le; >syuk iM+kA muds gj iz’u ds lkFk eq>s vius gh iz’u dpksVrs tk jgs FksA viuh ykSfdd

vk’kk&vkdka{kkvksa ds HkkX;ksn; ds rgl&ugl gksus dh fujk’kk dk dM+ok ?kwaV ihdj Åij ca/kqvksa dks lkaRouk nsuk] vius vkidks /khjt

ca/kkdj nwljs dks Hkh nsuk Fkk] rFkkfi foosd dh lgk;rk ls drZO; ds gykgy dk og ?kwaV Hkh eSaus ih fy;kA eSaus mUgsa lwfpr fd;k fd

ykSfdd rFkk HkkX;ksn; dh vk’kk&vkdka{kkvksa dh jk[k ‘kjhj ij eydj yM+rs jguk gSA

;g vykSfdd HkkX; ugha gS D;k

rks fQj nq%[k dkgs dk\ esjh ;ksX;rk] drZO; lc efV;kesV gksrk] ;fn ijh{kk ds {k.k esa ?kfV;k fl} gksrk rks ^lhnfUr ee xk=kf.k eq[ka

p ifj’kq”;frA xk.Mhoa Ûalrs gLrkRoDpSo ifjnãrsA* fdarq ,slh voLFkk rc gksrh ;fn eSa drZO;&foeq[k gksrk ;k fdlh dk fo’okl?kkr

fd;k gksrkA ijarq ,slk Hkh u gksrs gq, ;Fkk izkIr ladVksa ls lkeuk djus vkSj LokFkZ dks tM+ ls m[kkM+ yksxksa dks drZO; {ks= esa ladV

Hkksxus ds fy, rS;kj gksus esa gh vkidk] gekjk vkSj bu lHkh dk lPpk drZO; vkSj ;ksX;rk izdV gks jgh gSA ;’kki;’k la;k sx dh ckr

gSA vktUe ;q} yM+rs] yksnh ds qy mrjrs vkSj vkLVfyZV~Tk ij fot; ikrs gq, Hkh usiksfy;u vkf[kj [kkV ij jksxxzLr gksdj ejrk gS

vkSj ,d jkuh y{ehckbZ nwljh&rhljh yM+kbZ esa gh ryokj ds xgjs ?kko ls ejrh gSA dksbZ lSfud rks igyh gh eqBHksM+ esa xksyh dk

f’kdkj cudj /kjk’kk;h gks tkrk gSA izk;% mldk drZO; bl la;ksx ls fl} ugha gksrkA rks ^bl izFke fHkM+ar esa gh eSa ihNs fNidj

thfor jgaw vkSj vU; tu vkxs c<+dj e`R;q eq[k esa pys tk,a vkSj ;q} esa fot;h gksus ds Ik’pkr~ mldh lQyrk ns[kus rFkk Hkksxus ds

fy, ‘ks”k cpwa* bl rjg nq”V ,oa tufgr fo?kkrd dkiq:”k dkeuk eu esa j[krs gq,] og QkSth rc vo’; vU; yksxksa ds lkFkk ;q} dk

lkeuk djrk vpy, vfMx cudj tw>rk gh jgk u\ bl iz’u ij mldk okLrfod drZO; fuHkZj jgrk gSA esjs fopkj ls bl dlkSVh

ij ge lHkh lQy jgs gSaA vkSj blhfy, ge ykSfdd ,oa HkkX;ksn; ds lqo.kZ&oy; esa ftrus d`rkFkZ ugha curs mrus ml HkkX;ksn; dh

vykSfdd jk[k ‘kjhj ij eydj vkt bl rjg vo’k vkSj d:.kkLin voLFkk esa okLrfod :i esa py jgs gSaA bu ladVksa dks lguk

vkSj bl rjg dkjkxkj esa lM+rs] lcls vKkr jgrs ftuds fy, brus d”V >sys] mudh Hkh xkfy;ka [kkrs&[kkrs bl rjg ejuk] ;gh vc

gekjs thou dk /;s; gSA ;g Hkh mruk gh egku~ gS ftruk ckgj jgdj dhfrZ ;’k vkSj nqanfHk dh rky ij yM+ukA D;ksafd vafre fot;

ds fy, og Kkr la?k”kZ vkSj

132

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


nqanqfHk dk og fuukn ftruk vko’;d gksrk gS mruk gh lqjax dk ;g vJqr djkguk vkSj vKkr izk.k Hkh gksrk gSA

vkSj dk;ksZ ds fo”k; esa

a a aaml fnu tc gkbZdksVZ esa esjk naM ?kksf”kr gks jgk Fkk] bl laca/k esa eSaus naM ds tcM+s esa njnjkdj ihls tkrs le; vius àn; dk

fo’okl rFkk Hkko eq[kfjr djusokyk ^lkjfFk ftldk vfHkekuhA dq”.kth vkSj jke lsukuhA ,slh dksVh&dksVh ro lsukA og uk :ds og

gekjs fcukA*¹32 a a a avk’k; ls Hkjk i= eSaus xqIr :i ls ca/kq dks Hkstk FkkA ml i= us ca/kq dks rks lkaRouk nh gh] ijarq mls fy[krs

fy[krs esjs foods dk Mxexkuk /khjt Hkh iqu% fu’py gksdj jkse&jkse esa mRlkg dk lapkj djus yxkA

32

;g dfork ^lkojdj lexz lkfgR;*] [kaM&7 esa i`- 87 ij ^igyk gIrk* ‘kh”kZd ds uhps Nih gqbZ gSA

133

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&11

dksYgw dk cSy

eSaus yxHkx ,d eghuk fNydk dwVus dk dke fd;kA lHkh yksxksa dks vk’p;Z gks jgk Fkk fd eq> dksYgw dSls ugha fn;k x;kA bl ij dqN

vk’kkokfn;ksa us dgk]^^ugha th] CkSfjLVj ckcw dks fdl eqag ls dksYgw dk dke nsaxs\** eSa muls dgrk]^^mlh eqag ls ftlls cSfjLVj ckcw dks

dkysikuh Hkstdj] yaxksVh egukdj fNydk dqVok;kA** vkf[kj ,d fnu lqifjaVsaMsaV us vkdj eq>ls dgk] ^^dy ls vkidks dksYgw ij

tkuk gSA fNydk¹33 dwV&dwVdj vc vkids gkFk dBksj cu x, gksaxsA vc vkSj vf/kd dBksj dke djus esa dksbZ vkifŸk ugha gksxhA**

ckjh lkgc us galrs gq, dgk] ^^vc vki Åijh d{kk esa izos’k dj jgs gSaA** ml fnu ‘kke ds le; ckjh lkgc us eq>s dpgjh esa

cqyk;kA eq>ls gq, laHkk”k.k ls mUgsa Kkr gks pqdk Fkk fd jktcafn;ksa dh gM+rky ls esjh lgkuqHkwfr Fkh vkSj gM+rky rFkk fuHkhZd vkpj.k

dh mn~naM] vf’k”V rFkk ew[kZrk ds izrhd&:i esa fuank djrs mu jktcafn;ksa ds eq[k esjh uhfr ds leFkZu ls ‘kkar gks x, FksA dqy

feykdj ;s okŸkkZ,a ckjh rd xqIr :i esa fuR; igaqp jgh Fkh] ,lls ;gh laHkkouk fn[k jgh Fkh fd ‘kh?kz gh eSa mu ^vf’k”V ccZjksa* dk

f’kjksef.k cuusokyk gwaA bldh Vksg ysus ds fy, fd dgha eSa mu dksYgw isjus ds fy, euk rks ugha dj jgk vkSj ,slk djus ls ijko`Ÿk

djus ds fy, ckjh esa eq>s cqykok Hkstk FkkA cgqr nsj rd xi’ki yM+kus ds ckn var esa mUgksaus dgk] ^^eSa D;k d:a\ Åij ls feys

vkns’k dk eq>s ikyu rks djuk gh pkfg,A fyf[kr vkWMZj vk;k gS fd vkidks dksYgw gh fn;k tk,A fQj Hkh eSaus bruk fd;k fd vkidh

;ksX;rk ds ckjs esa crkdj vkidks lqifjaVsaMsaV }kjk dsoy pkSng fn ugh dksYgw dk dke fnyok;kA vU; cafn;ksa tSlk ckj&ckj ugha

fnyokÅaxkA gka] vki euk er dhft,A tkb,] [kM+s gks tkb,A eSa ;FkklaHko vkidh lgk;rk d:axkA ijarq naM er Hkqxfr,xkA** eSaus dgk]

33

Rkkjh[k 4 tqykbZ] 1911 ls lkojdj dks fNydk dwVus dk dke fn;k x;k FkkA

134

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


^^igys gh gekjk thou efV;kesV gks pqdk gSA fQj fcuk fdlh dkj.k vkSj vR;kpkj lgus dk gesa ‘kkSd FkksM+s gh p<+k gS\ eSa lnSo

;FkklaHko dke djrk gh jgawxkA** ckjh us tSls n;kHkko ls dgk] ^^ns[kks HkkbZ] eSa vkids fy, dgrk gwa] vU;ksa dk pkgs tks gks] vki lcls

vyx gh jgukA** esjk euks/kZ;Z Hkax djus ds fy, ckjh tSls&tSls ipkl cjl ds naM dk ckj&ckj Lej.k fnykrk x;k] oSls gh mldh

uhfr dk foijhr ifj.kke gksrk x;k vkSj mu ‘kCnksa ds vFkZ ls eSa bruk ifjfpr gks x;k] tSls rksi[kkus ds QkSth rksi[kkus dh vkokt ls

ifjfpr gks tkrs gSaA mlds xtZu ls dkaiuk gh can gks x;kA nwljs fnu izkr%dky ls gh eq>s dksYgw ds dke ij yxk fn;k x;kA¹34

rsy?kkuh esa

eSa ftl lkr uacj esa jgrk Fkk] ogka ls ml dksYgw dk dke NBosa Hkkx esa FkkA vr% eq>s izkr%dky gh m/kj ys tk;k x;kA ml foHkkx

dks cnyus ls eq>s cM+k vkuan gqvk] D;kasfd os jktcanh] tks m/kj jgrs Fks] vc eq>s fn[kkbZ nsus yxs vkSj dHkh&dHkh eq>ls ckr Hkh djus

yxsA dke ij tkrs gh ns[kk] cekZ ns’k ds ,d jktcanh dks Hkh esjs dksYgw esa gh tksrk x;k FkkA eq>s dgk x;k fd ;g vkidh lgk;rk

djsxk] ijarq vkidks dksYgw ?kqekrs jguk gksxkA rfud Hkh cSBuk ugha pkfg,A vU; jktcafn;ksa dh rqYkuk esa eq>s ;g lqfo/kk feyh Fkh]

rFkkfi og dksYgw ds dke dh lqfo/kk FkhA lqfo/kk ?kVkdj Hkh ‘ks”k tks d”V cpk og mls] ftls fdlh Hkh rjg d”Vksa dk vH;kl ugha]

lh/kk djus ds fy, i;kZIr FkkA yaxksVh igudj izkr% nl cts rd dke djks] fcuk :ds xksy&xksy ?kweus ls flj pdjkrk FkkA vax&izR;ax

<hys iM+ tkrs Fks] ‘kjhj bruk Fkd tkrk fd jkr esa r[rs ij ysVrs gh uhan vkus ds cnys djoV cnyrs gq, jkr dkVuh iM+rh FkhA

nwljs fnu izkr%dky iqu% dksYgw ds lkeus tk igaqprkA bl rjg Ng&lkr fnu xqtkjsA rc rd dke iwjk dgka gksrk Fkk\ ,d fnu ckjh

vk;k vkSj bBykrs gq, dgus yxk]^^;g nsf[k,] vkids iklokyh dksBjh dk canh nks cts iwjk rhl ikSaM rsy rkSydj nsrk gS vkSj vki

‘kke rd dksYgw pykdj Hkh ikSaM&nks ikSaM gh fudkyrs gSa] bl ij vkidks ‘keZ vkuh pkfg,A** eSa cksyk] ^^’keZ rks rc vkth tc eSa Hkh

cpiu ls gh mlds leku dqyhfxjh djus dk vknh gksrkA ;fn vki mls ,d ?kaVs ds vanj ,d lquhr ¼lkWusV½ jpus ds fy, dgsa rks

D;k og jp ldsxk\ eSa vkidks vk/ks ?kaVs ds vanj jpuk djds fn[kkrk gwaA ijarq blfy, vki ;fn ml Jfed dks rkuk ekjsa fd ^vjs]

rqe lkWusV dh jpuk ‘kh?kZrhiwoZd ugh a dj lds] blds fy,

34

16 vxLr] 1911 ls 14 fnu rd mUgsa dksYgw dk dke fn;k x;kA

135

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


rqEgsa ykt vkuh pkfg,* rc D;k dgsxk og] ^cpiu ls dfork djuk eq>s fdlh us fl[kk;k ughaA* vius dk;kZy; esa vki v/kZ f’kf{kr

fdlkukfn pksj&Mkdqvksa dks fy[kus dk dke nsrs gSaA mUgsa tSls gekjs ljh[ks Rofjr vaxszth ugha cksy ikus ij yTtk vkus dk dksbZ dkj.k

ugha] mlh rjg ge muds tSlk ‘kkjhfjd Je >syus esa ,dne vleFkZ gSa vkSj bl dkj.k gekjk yfTtr gksuk vkuo’;d gSA mls Hkh

yfTtr ugha gksuk pkfg, tks lkWusV dh jpuk ugha dj ldrkA okLro esa yfTtr mUgsa gksuk pkfg, tks cqf}thoh oxZ dks dksYgw esa tksrrs

gSa] Jethoh vui<+ksa dks DydZ dh txgksa ij j[krs gSa vkSj vius nksuksa dke fcxkM+rs gSA**

mnkj fe=ksa dk lg;ksx

dksYgw isjrs le; jktcafn;ksa esa ls ,d&nks canh] tks m/kj xqIr :i ls vk ldrs Fks] vkdj esjh lgk;rk djrsA bruk gh ugha] esjs

yxkrkj ^uk&uq* djus ds ckn Hkh vkSj muds nq%[k] d”V] eq>ls vf/kdd gksrs gq, Hkh jktcafn;ksa esa ls dbZ tu eq>s vius diM+s Hkh ugha

/kksus nsrs] u gh viuk Fkky&dVksjk ekatus nsrsA esjs diM+s /kksus rFkk cjru ekatus ds laca/k esa dbZ ckj isVh vQlj rFkk okWMZj yksx

muls /kDdk&eqDdh djrs] xkfy;ka nsrs( ijarq bl rjg ds d”V >sydj Hkh ;s mnkj RkFkk Lusgh yksxk esjs dke djrs jgrsA mudks jksdus

dk eSaus cgqr iz;kl fd;kA dHkh&dHkh muds diM+s xqipqi /kks MkysA tc mUgsa irk pyk rc muds eu dks Hkkjh Bsl igaqphA bruh fd os

gkFk tksM+dj fxM+fxM+krs gq, eq>ls izkFkZuk djus yxsA tc eSaus bl ckr dk vuqHko fd;k fd ;fn eSaus mudh lgk;rk vLohdkj dh rks

lgk;rk nsus esa ftruk d”V gksrk] mlls dgha vf/kd mUgsa eu%Dys’k gksxkA rc eaSus fu’p; fd;k fd bu mnkj ,oa fujis{k fe=ksa dks

viuk dke djus fn;k tk,A lk/kkj.kr;k izk;% lHkh jktcafn;ksa dh eq>ij blh rjg fu’Ny HkfDr vkSj izxk<+ Lusg gS] bldk vuqHko

eSaus dj fy;kA dHkh&dHkh rks muesa esjs diMs+ /kksus rFkk esjh lsok djus ds fy, gksM+ yxrh vkSj eueqVko Hkh gks tkrkA rc eq>s

ckjh&ckjh ls vyx&vyx fe=ksa dks vius diM+s /kksus ds fy, nsus iM+rsA mu yksxksa dh bl egkurk rFkk Lusg ds fy, eSa vkt Hkh mudk

d`rK gwaA blh izlax esa mu lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa us Hkh] tks jktcanh ugha Fks] gesa fcu ekaxk tks lg;ksx vkf[kjh ne rd fn;k vkSj gekjs

‘kCnksa dks lj&vka[kksa ij j[krs x, mUgsa Hkh lkoZtfud /kU;okn nsuk ge viuk drZO; le>rs gSaA euksjatd gksrs gq, Hkh foLrkj Hk; ls

;gka mu vusd izlaxksa dk o.kZu djuk vlaHko gSA d soy ,d ckj vkSj laxfBr :i ls muds izfr d`rKrk gh iznf’kZr dh tk ldrh gSA

136

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ekufld fonzksg

fdlh ls ppkZ djuh ugha] fdlh dks dqN dguk ugha] ijarq dksYgw pykrs&pykrs ilhus ls ugk, ‘kjhj ij mM+ jgh og cqduh ¼ihldj

fupksM+k gqvk Hkwlk½ vkSj lkjk dpjk fpidk gqvk] xanyk] uax&/kM+ax ‘kjhj ns[kdj eu ckj&ckj fonzksg dj mBrkA vius vkils f?ku

vkrhA vjs] bl rjg dk nq%[k >sy D;ksa jgs gks\ rqEgkjh blnsg rFkk drZ`O; dk jk”Vªksa ds mn;kFkZ gksuk pkfg,A og vc ekVheksy gks

x;k gSA fQj bl va/ksjs esa gh brus lkjs d”V lgrs D;ksa lM+ jgs gks\ bldk rqEgkjs dk;Z ds fy,] rqEgkjh ekr`Hkwfe ds m}kjkFkZ dkSM+h Hkj

mi;ksx ugha gSA m/kkj rqe ij gks jgs vR;kpkjksa ds laca/k esa ,d v{kj dk Hkh irk ugha py jgk gksxk] m/kj rqe ij gks jgs vR;kpkjksa

ds laca/k esa ,d v{kj dk Hkh irk ugha py jgk gksxk] fQj uSfrd ifj.kke rks nwj dh ckr gSA bl rjg ls rqe u dk;Z ds fy, vkSj

u gh vius fy, mi;qDr gksA bruk gh ugha] og d”Vizn Hkh gks jgk gSA ,slk thou rqe O;FkZ gh D;kas /kkj.k dj jgs gksA¹35 cl tks

mi;ksx gksuk Fkk] lks gks pqdkA vc pyks mBks] jLlh ds ,d gh >Vds ls dj Mkyks bl thou dk var! rqEgkjh dr`ZO;&’kfDr ds es:naM

dk fuekZ.k blfy, gqvk Fkk fd mldk leqnzeaFkukFkZ mi;ksx gks] mls bl ;%df’pr~ cVyksbZ ds pqYyw Hkj NkN eFkus ds dke esa tqVkdj

mldk vuknj D;ksa dj jgs gks\ fpŸk iqu%&iqu% dgrk] ^vc thuk O;FkZ] vc vkRe?kkr gh vkRelEeku fl} gksxkA* uksokfyl vkfn dbZ

uhfr fo’kkjnksa dk vkSj ,sfrgkfld mnkgj.kksa dk Lej.k gksus yxk] ftUgksaus izlaxo’k vkRe?kkr dks vkRedrZO; fl} fd;k FkkA

,d fnu nksigj dh fpyfpykrh /kwi esa dksYgw pykrs le; eSa gkaQus yxk( ,slk yxk] pDdj vk jgk gSA eSa /kEe ls uhps cSB x;kA

vR;f/kd Je ds dkj.k vWarfM+;ka ,saBus yxhA isV idM+dj nhokj ls flj fVdk;k] vka[ksa ewan yh vkSj rHkh mlh txg xgjh uhan vk

xbZA bruh xgjh fd tc pkSaddj vka[k [kqyh rc fn’kkfofn’kk] LFky&dky fdlh dk Hkh pkj&ikap feuV rd Hkku ugha gks jgk FkkA bl

rjg ‘kkar] ‘kwU;] fufoZdkj] lq[kn voLFkk esa ,sls iM+k jg x;k tSls esjk vfLrRo gh ugha jgkA FkksM+h nsj ckn esjh psruk ykSV vkbZA

,d&,d oLrq fn[kkbZ nsus yxhA mlds vFkZ dk vkdyu gksus yxkA vr% iqu% dke esa tqV x;kA ijarq eu lrr ,drkjk NsM+us yxk] ;g

vafre dk;Z laiUu D;ksa ugha gksus nsrk\ FkksM+h nsj igys tks ‘kwU;or~ gks x;k Fkk] ogh ogh e`R;q gSA jLlh ds ,d VqdM+s ls] ftlds lgkjs

jkrksa esa lSdM+ksa canh iksVZ Cysvj esa e`R;q dks ikj djds x,] ml Mksj dk xys esa Qank Mkyks vkSj dj Mkyks bl ;a=.kk dk varA

35

;s fopkj vxLr 1911 esa dksYgw ds vlã d”Vksa ds dkj.k eu esa vk, FksA

137

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vkRegR;k dk vkd”kZ.k

ml vkRegR;k dk vkd”kZ.k eq>s lrr [khap jgk FkkA FkksM+h nsj igys tks ‘kwU;koLFkk Fkh] ogh gS

e`R;q&ej.kA og rks fuLlansg bl thou ls e/kqj gSA eq>s nks&pkj ckj viuh fuokZpu dh ;kruk,a vlguh; yxh vkSj vkRegR;k

vkd”kZd izrhr gksus yxh FkhA ,d ckj rc] tc eSa eklsZfyl ls iqu% idMs+ tkus ds ckn ,M+u ds vkl&ikl Hk;kud xjeh esa rFkk

;a=.kkvksa esa can fd;k x;k FkkA nwljh ckj rc] tc bl dksYgw isjus esa pDdj vk x;k FkkA nksuksa ckj eu rFkk cqf} dk izcy Vdjko

gksrs&gksrs cqf} ds yxHkx pkjksa [kkus fpr gksus dh fLFkfr cu xbZ Fkh vkSj ,d&nks ckj rks og izlax iqu% vkusokyk FkkA ml jkr dksBjh

dh ftu lyk[kksa ls yVddj izk;% canh Lo;a Qkalh yxk ysrs Fks] ml f[kM+dh dh vksj yqHkkouh n`f”V ls eSaus pkj&ikap ckj rks ns[kk gh

gksxkA cqf} vkSj eu dk laokn eSa rVLFkrkiwoZd lqu jgk Fkk] ftls vkxs pydj eSaus ,d dfork esa xazfFkr fd;k gSA¹36 ckj&ckj eu ds

bl rdZ dks foosd mŸkj nsr] ^ckoys] ;g rqEgkjk vagdkj gSA eku yks] rqEgkjk drZO;] drZO; ijkØe ,d ;a= gS] tks ,slh izpaM xfr

iznku djus dh {kerk j[krk gS] ftlls laiw.kZ jk”Vª dk m}kj gksxk] gks ldrk gS] Hkyk vc mldk D;k\ mldk mfpr rFkk ;Fkkizek.k

mi;ksx ugha gksrk] ;g ,d rjg ls lR; gSA ijarq bl rjg tgka vU; Hkkjh&Hkjde ;a= pdukpwj gks tkrs gSa ogka blfy, fd xqIr]

vKkr ;krukvksa dh ekj lgus ds fy, mi;qDr gks] bl dk;Z dks djokus ds fy, ;g drZ`O; ‘kfDr dk ;a= ugha cuk;k] ;g dSls dg

ldrs gSa\ jk”Vªks}kj dh eqBHksM+ksa esa lSdM+ksa egŸoiw.kZ pkSfd;ksa ij yM+uk iM+rk gS vkSj mlesa canhx`g dk ekspkZ lcls dfBu ijarq

vR;ko’;d gksrk gSA fQj og yM+us dh rqEgkjh ;kstuk cuh gS] ;g D;k ml drZO; dk de xkSjo gS\*

^vkSj fdl ijkØe dh ckr dj jgs gks\ rsjk] bl vf[ky eu q”;tkfr dk gh ugha vfirq bl lw;Z dk Hkh bl izpaM fo’o dh mFky&iqFky

esa okLro esa v.kqek= Hkh egŸo gS D;k\ lkcqu ds >kx ds xqCckjs ln`’k og vc viuh gh egŸkk ds vfHkeku ls Qwyk mM+rk fn[kkbZ ns

jgk gSA ijarq ,d {k.kkFkZ esa fo’o dh ewy ‘kfDr dksbZ nwljk galrk&[ksyrk xqCckjk ns ekjs rks og igyk Qql ls u”V gks tk,xk] rFkkfi

fo’o mlh rjg vkxs c<+rk jgsxkA vr% foosd ls dke yksA lkis{k :i esa tks drZRo gS] mldh [kjh dlkSVh ;gha ij gSA ogh lPpk

ns’klsod gS tks bl dkjkx`g esa ns’klsok djsxkA tks ns’kk}kj ewY; fn; fcuk gksxk gh ugha] og dkjkihM+u dk ewY; pqdkuk gS] thou

vdkjFk tkuk ugha gSA dhfrZ dk] ykSfdd eu dk ykyp mlesa ugha gSA ijarq blhfy, og vf/kd vO;FkZ gS vkSj a a a a a

36

nsf[k, ^lIrf”kZ* dfork] lkojdj lexz lkfgR;] [kaM&7] i`- 87

138

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


;fn ejuk gS rks

^rks fQj ,sls D;ksa ej jgs gks\ rqEgkjs }kjk lgh xbZ ;krukvkas dk ifj.kke ns’k ds fy, gksxk gh gksxkA ijarq ;fn rqEgkjk blij fo’okl

u gks rks ;g lekpkj Hkh ns’k rd ugha igqapsxkA fQj mldk uSfrd ifj.kke Hkyk dgka ls gksxk\ fQj O;FkZ d”V fdlfy,\ muds fy,

vius gkFkksa ls vius i{k dh gkfu rFkk ijkt; D;ksa c<+k jgs gks\ ;fn ejuk gh gS rks ml lsuk dk dqN dk;Z djds ejks ftlds rqe

,d lSfud gksA Qkalh ij yVddj ugha a a a aviuh ,d tku ds fy, a a abl rjg ejksA

Ckqf} dk ;g vafre dkj.k tku gFksyh ij fy, ml voLFkk esa Lohdkj fd;kA eu fLFkj gks x;kA ;gh Bk.ks ds dkjkxkj esa Hkh fd;k FkkA

mldk Lej.k gks vk;kA ml fnu ls iqu% eSa ,d ckj vkRegR;k ds dxkj ij tkdj [kM+k gks x;k Fkk] jRukfxjh dh tsy esaA ijarq og

vkxs dh ckr gSA

Ekjasxs rks oSls gh ejasxs

bl rjg ds d`r&fu’p; esa jkr O;rhr gks xbZA bruk gh ugha] mi;qZDr rdZ dk mi;ksx djds vkSj bl rjg mins’k djrs gq, fd ;fn

fdlh dks Hkh ejuk gS rks a a a ablh rjg ejs] ;gh vaxhd`r ozrkFkZ drZO; gSA eSaus vaneku ds ml dkjkxkj ds mu lSdM+ksa lgHkkxh

jktcafn;ksa eas ls vusd dks dbZ ckj vkRegR;k ds dxkj ls gkFk idM+dj okil ykSVk;k gSA

dksYgw ij dke djrs le; Hkkjh ‘kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld Je gksrs gq, bldh FkksM+h lh HkjikbZ djusokyh ,d laf/k feyrh FkhA og Fkh mu

jktcafn;ksa ls FkksM+h lh cksypky dh lqfo/kk] tks bl dksYgw ij dke djrs FksA vkrs&tkrs vf/kdkfj;ksa dh n`f”V cpkdj vFkok fdlh

le>nkj ;k n;kyq igjsnkj ;k flikgh dh d`ik ls os jktcanh esjs ikl vkrsA ;FkklaHko eq>ls cfr;krsA izk;% lk;adky ikap cts ds

vkl&ikl Hkkstu dh /kka/kyh esa tc lHkh O;Lr gksrs rc ml Øekad ds gkSt dh vksV esa gekjk vM~Mk terkA ,d igjk nsrk] ‘ks”k tu

ckrsa djrs A ml le; ftl dk;Z ds vuojr fparuo’k fpŸk us lHkh ,sfgd lq[kksa dks ykr ekjh Fkh] ml mnkŸk dk;Z dh FkksM+h nsj

[kqydj ppkZ djuk laHko gksus ls eu iqu% og lEeku vkSj mRlkg izrhr gksrkA Hkksxh gqbZ ;kruk,a vfdapu yxrhA iqu% ;g fu’p; n`<+

gksrk fd Hkfo”; esa tks ;kruk,a Hkqxruh gSa os Hkh drZO; gh gSaA ;s pan ?kfM+;ka ml dksYgw ds dBksj vfHk’kki esa ojnku leku gh FkhA

ml le; eSaus ns[kk fd m/kj vk, gq, jktcafn;ksa esa izk;% esjs tSls gh iPphl

139

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ds vkl&ikl dh vk;q ds FksA mudh f’k{kk v/kqjh FkhA jktuhfr] bfrgkl] vFkZ’kkL= vkfn vko’;d fo”k;ksa dk mUgsa vR;ar de Kku

gqvk Fkk vkSj ;g LoHkkfod gh FkkA rFkkfi eq>s dHkh ,slk izrhr ugha gqvk fd bl dkj.k muds mRd`”V Lons’k&izse vFkok LokFkZ&R;kx esa

jŸkh Hkj Hkh deh vkbZ gSA bruk gh ugha] ;g ns[kdj fd viuh bl vk;q esa os ek= tUetkr ijksidkjh cqf} rFkk mnkj Hkkouk ls

izsfjr gksdj bl mn~ns’; ls brus Hkkjh d”V mBk jgs gSa] esjk eu muds izfr vknj ls Hkj tkrkA U;wurk cl bruh gh Fkh fd ftl dk;Z

dks mUgksaus brus LokHkkfod /kS;Z ls Lohdkj fd;k Fkk] ml dk;Z rfkk mudh mu mnkj Hkkoukvksa dks vR;ar vko’;d f’k{kk] Kku rFkk

fopkjksa dk lkFk feyrk rks lksus esa lqxa/k gks tkrh vkSj ml egRdk;Z dks laiUu djus ds fy, os igys ls vf/kd l{ke gksrsA vr% os

mlds fy, ;Ru’khy cus] ,rnFkZ eSa mUgsa mu dfe;ksa dk ,glkl fnykdj muesa oSlh bPNk mRiUu djus dk iz;kl djrkA eq>s tc ls

dksYgw ds dke esa yxk;k x;k rHkh ls mu iz;Ruksa dk Jhx.ks’k gqvk FkkA dbZ yksxksa dks] tks ogka vk, gq, Fks] ,slk izrhr gksus yxk Fkk fd

viuk thou vdkjFk x;kA mUgsa ml mnklhurk rFkk grcyrk ds paxqy ls eqDr djkus ds fy, eSa mUgsa bfrgkl ds dqN mnkgj.k izLrqr

djrkA mu yksxksa dh ‘kadkvksa ds fuokj.k dk iz;kl djrk] ftUgsa bldk cks/k ugha gqvk Fkk fd dkSu lk ekxZ Js;Ldj gSA tks d soy

lekt ds jktuhfrd coaMj ds lkFk blesa Qal x, Fks] mUgsa ;g ;qfDriwoZd le>kdj fd mUgsa ,slk D;ksa djuk pkfg,] og uSfrd n`f”V

ls drZO; Fkk vFkok vdrZO;] eSa bl iz;kl esa jgrk fd mudh iwoZdkyhu {kf.kd mŸkstuk ,d fuf’pr fu’p; esa ifj.kr gks] tks iwjs

thou fVd ldsA fnu Hkj vR;ar d”Vizn] xanxh ls Hkjiwj] viekutud ml dksYgw ds dke ls Fkds&ekans os jktcanh ml gkSt ij ?kM+h

Hkj dks xqipqi bdV~Bk gksrs vkSj bl rjg ds mnkŸk laokn djrs jk”Vªh; lq[k&lius latkrs tc rUe; gks tkrs rc muds euks/kS;Z dh

/kkj] tks fnu Hkj dh ;krukvksa ds vk?kkr lgrs&lgrs HkksFkjh gks tkrh Fkh] iqu% iSuh gks tkrhA muds eq[k ij uorst nedrk vkSj mBrs

le; g”kZ rFkk iszeiwoZd ,d&nwljs ls fonk ysdj os Hkkjrh; uo;qod viuh&viuh pkyh esa can gksus pys tkrsA

140

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&12

vaneku esa laxBu vkSj izpkj

dksYgw ij dke djrs&djrs eSa dsoy jktcafn;ksa dh fLFkfr gh vktek ldk] ,slk ughaA FkksM+k&cgqr] dqy feykdj vaneku dh lkjh fLFkfr

dk vkdyu eq>s gksus yxkA ckgj ds ftu yksxksa ds eu esa gtkj vkifŸk;ksa ds ckn Hkh esjs izfr tks vkn&Hkko rFkk izse Fkk] os gkFk ij

gkFk /kjs u cSBrs] esjs lkFk dqN&u&dqN laca/k tksM+us dk iz;kl djrs jgsA bl voLFkk ls eq>s fn[kkbZ fn;k fd iz;kl djus ls ;gka Hkh

dqN dk;ksZ esa lQyrk fey ldrh gS] vr% FkksM+h ek=k esa gh D;ksa u gks] bl dkjkokl ls gh izkjaHk djsaA

vaneku esa laxBu

dk;Z dk izlkj djuk laHko gS vkSj ;fn laHko gS rks de gh lgh] ij laxBu djuk gekjk drZO; gSA dkjkokl dh ;kruk,a Hkksxuk rFkk

,dkar canhokltU; deZ’kwU;rk dk vlã Hkkj mBkdj fuf”Ø; [kM+s jgus dk ,d drZO; rks ge dj gh jgs FksA mlds lkFk&lkFk ;fn

dk;Z izpkj dk vkSj bl }hikarj esa tgka&tgka fuokZflr gksaxs ogka&ogka Hkh tkrh; pSrU; dk lapkj djus dk lfØ; dk;Z Hkh FkksM+k&cgqr

dj ldsa] rks mlds }kjk ekr`Hkwfe dh nksgjh lsok djus dk iq.; D;ksa u fl} fd;k tk,A bl izdkj ds fopkjksa ls izsfjr gksdj vaneku

ls izpkj dk;Z izkjaHk djus dk fu’p; fd;kA

jktcafn;ksa dk f’k{k.k

loZizFke jktcafn;ksa dk f’k{k.k dk;Z gkFk esa ysus dk fu’p; fd;kA bl ,d i[kokM+s esa gh cafn;ksa esa ls tks yksx coaMj esa Åijh rkSj ij

vkus ds dkj.k bl vkanksyu ds loZFkk vuqdwy ugha Fks] izFker% muds xys esa ;g ckr mrkjdj bl vkanksyu dk varjax foospu fd;kA

mUgsa viuk cukus ds fy, fn, x, dksYgw dk

141

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dBksj dke djrs&djrs gh mu jktcafn;ksa esa ls nks ;qodksa dks laxBu ds dk;Z esa lfEefyr gksus ds fy, ‘kiFkc} djkus dk [kycyh

epkusokyk dk;Z fd;kA

vaneku ds laxBu ds iz;Ruksa dk vkajHk ;gh ls gSA bldk laiw.kZ o.kZu djuk laHko ugha fd mldk dk;Z fodkl vkxs pydj fdl rjg

gqvkA va’kr% tks crkuk laHko gS] og vkxs Øe’kA crkÅaxkA

pkSng fnuksa ds Ik’pkr~ eq>s dksYgw ls gVk;k x;k vkSj jLlh cVus dk dke fn;k x;kA¹37 ;g dke dkjkx`g ds vU; ‘kkjhfjd dk;kZs ls

vf/kd lgt Fkk vkSj blhfy, og feyuk vgksHkkX; vle>k tkrkA dqN fnuksa ds vH;kl ls jLlk cVus dk dke vkus yxk vkSj ,slk

izrhr gqvk] vYi ek=k esa gh D;ksa u gks] ‘kkjhfjd ;krukvksa ds paxqy ls rks eqfDr feyhA blh le; eq>s ftl lkr uacj dh pkyh esa

can j[kk x;k Fkk mlesa fu:ik; gks pkj jktcafn;ksa dks jgus dh vuqefr nh xbZA gka] blfy, fd vu; dksbZ pkjk ugha Fkk] D;kasfd

varr% ;g mudh uhfr rks Fkh fd ;FkklaHko esjk vkSj vU; jktcafn;ksa dk laidZ u gksA ijarq lkros foHkkx esa mu cafn;ksa dks j[kuk

vfuok;Z gh gksrk gS] ftUgsa canhx`g esa ckaVdj Hkh Lfkku ugha feyrkA dHkh dHkh rks izR;{k ckjh us vkSj ,d nks&ckj lqifjaVsaMsaV us Hkh

eq>ls Li”V gh dgk] ^^vkids foHkkx esa tks jktcanh gksrs gSa] mUgsa ;fn <hy nsaxs rks vkidks Hkh f’kf{kr jktcanh dh laxr dk ykHk izkIr

gksxkA** dksbZ Hkh u;k jktcanh vkus ls mls izk;% mu jktcafn;ksa dh laxr esa j[kk tkrk tks ikyrw cu x, gSaA rFkkfi fdlh Hkh jktcanh

dks lrr ,d gh foHkkx esa vkSj ,d gh la?k esa j[kuk lqjf{kr u le>rs gq, ,d eghus ds Ik’pkr~ mlds jgus dh dksBfj;ka cny nh

tkrh FkhA

canhx`g esa mRlo

;g cnyh dk fnol ekuk tkrk Fkk] D;kasfd ml cnyh ds cgkus dksBjh ls ckgj fudyus ij yxHkx vk/kk fnu rks ml /kka/kyh esa fudy

gh tkrkA nwljh ckr] bl dkj.k tsy dk pDdj yxkuk iM+rkA ,d foHkkx ls nwljh vksj tkrs&tkrs vkSj ml ;ksx ls izk;% jktcafn;ksa

ls n`f”V&HksaV gh D;ksa u gks] gks rks tkrhA volj feyk rks tkrs&tkrs nks&pkj ckrsa Hkh laHko gksrh vkSj vafre vkuan dk dkj.k ;g fd

jktcafn;ksa ls ifjp; rFkk laifŸk dk ykHk ml cnyh ds volj }kjk izkIr gksrkA ;|fi eq>s ;FkklaHko lkr uacj ds d{k esa gh j[kk

x;k Fkk vkSj izk;% vU; jktcanh esjs ikl ugha Hksts tkrs Fks] rFkkfi eSa Hkh bls mRlo dk fnol gh le>rk] D;kaasfd ml fnu cnyh ds

cgkus bl foHkkx ls ml foHkkx esa vkrs&tkrs nwj ls esjs T;s”B ca/kq ls

37

fnukad 29 vxLr] 1911

142

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


n`f”V&HksaV gks tkrhA dHkh&dHkh iwoZ lkaBxkaB esa dnkfpr~ lQyrk feyh rks xqipqi ckrsa djuk Hkh laHko gksrkA

,d eghus&nks eghus ds Lfkku ifjorZu ds dkj.k u, rFkk vU; jktcafn;ksa ls ftl rjg ckr djus dk volj izkIr gksrk] mlh rjg

vkilh ckrphr dh vkSj nks lqfo/kk,a bl dkjkx`g esa izkIr gksrhA os Fkh&jgus dh dksBjh ds Åij dh f[kM+dh vkSj fcydqy Hkwfe esa izkIr

gksrhA os Fkh& jgus dh dksBjh ds Åij dh f[kM+dh vkSj fcydqy Hkwfe ls yxh gqbZ tkyhA dkjkx`g ds lkrksa foHkkx Qwy dh ia[kqfM+;ksa dh

rjg ,d dsanz ls fudydj Qsys gq, gksus ds dkj.k izR;sd foHkkx dk vakxu vxys foHkkx dh ihB ls lVk gqvk FkkA vr% izR;sd foHkkx

dh bekjr ls fiNokM+s ds foHkkx ls vkSj vkaxu esa f[kM+dh ij p<s+ gq, euq”; ls ckr djuk laHko gksrk] ijarq ;g dk;Z cgqr ladV dk

FkkA

f[kM+fd;kas ij okŸkkZyki

dksBjh esa iM+s ydM+h ds r[Rk dks [kM+k djds ml nks iq:”k ÅapkbZ dh NksVh&lh f[kM+dh dh lyk[kksa ls yVddj] blds ckotqn fd gkFk

ruko ls VwVrk gqvk eglql gksus yxrk] ge uhps vkaxu esa [kM+s vius b”V fe=ksa ls okŸkkZyki fd, fcuk ugha jgrsA dbZ ckj ,d

O;fDr vFkZ’kkL= vFkok jktuhfr dks ysdj ‘kadk,a djrk vkSj mudk lek/kku ml v/;kid }kjk gksrk tks f[kM+dh ij yVdk jgrkA

brus esa fdlh okWMZj ;k teknkj dk [k[kkjuk dkuksa esa iM+rs gh gM+cM+k, gq, f’k”; vkSj vkpk;Z nksuksa dks gh ogka ls pair gksrs&gksrs

ukdksa ne vk tkrkA ,sls le; ,dne f[kM+dh ls uhps dwnus dh gM+cM+kgV esa dbZ ckj jktcanh /kM+ke ls uhps fxj tkrs gksaxsA dbZ ckj

mudk ‘kjhj Bksdj [kkdj yM+[kM+k;k gksxkA ckr djus dk nwljk lk/ku og tkyh Fkh tks dksBjh dh Hkhr ls lVkdj nhokj esa xgjh

cSBkbZ gqbZ FkhA dqN bl rjg fd nwljh rjQ dksBjh ls dqN Hkh u fn[ks] ijarq gok ds fy, Lfkku gksA bl tkyh ds ihNs dh vksj

dHkh&dHkh bl foHkkx ds cafn;ksa dks Hkkstu djus cSBk;k tkrk Fkk] fQj D;k] volj feyrs gh ge ml tkyh ds Nsnksa ij b/kj ls eqag

yxkdj vkSj gekjs m/kj ds lgcanh Hkkstu dh Fkkyh ds lkFk cSBdj LoLFkfpŸk ugha rks vk’kadkiwoZd] ijarq ,dkxzfpŸk gksdj ckrsa djrsA

dkjkxkj dk VsyhQksu

og tkyh ;kuh dkjkx`g dk VsyhQksuA ml tkyh vFkkZr~ ^nwjHkk”k* esa cksyus dk dksbZ volj fdlh ds vkl&ikl u gksus vFkok Hkjkslsean

O;fDr ds gksus ds dkj.k gh vkrk FkkA bl rjg dh lwpuk nsus ds fy, gkFk esa idM+h Hkkstu dh Fkkyh dks mu

143

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


lyk[kksa ij [kM+[kM+ ekjuk gh /ofuokg ¼nwj /ofu½ dh ?kaVh ctkuk le>k tkrk FkkA ysfdu tc bl /ofuokg }kjk nq”Dj gksus yxk rc

,d ^VsyhQksu* Hkh jktcafn;ksa dks <wa<+uk iM+kA og VsyhQksu dkSu lk Fkk] ;g vkxs irk py tk,xkA

bl izdkj ,d ugha] vusd ;qfDr&iz;qfDr;ksa }kjk geus vkil esa vius fopkjksa dk vknku&iznku tkjh j[kkA tSls&tSls gels vU; yksxks a

dks nwj ys tkus dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk vkSj jktcafn;ksa ds vkil esa ckrphr djus vFkok ladsr djus ij Hkh izfrca/k yxk;k tkrk

oSls&oSls gh gekjh ckrphr] fopkj&fofue; djus dh bPNk izcy gksrh vkSj og vkilh laokn rFkk fofue; vf/kd rhoz xfr ls pyrkA

bu lkjh ;qfDr;kas dh lgk;rk ls] tSlkfd ihNs o.kZu fd;k gS] tc gesa dksYgw ls gVkdj jLlk cVus ds dke esa yxk;k x;k rc geus

mu nks&rhu jktcafn;ksa dh f’k{kk dk dke gkFk esa ys fy;k ftUgsa gekjs d{k esa vifjgk;Z :i esa j[kk x;k FkkA os lkjs jktcanh vui<+

Js.kh ds ugha FksA myVs izk;% lHkh izosf’kdk rFkk dkWyst dh ,d&nks d{kk,a ikl dj pqds FksA ijarq jktuhfr vkfn ‘kklu foKku dh mPp

f’k{kk] tks jktuhfrd ur`Ro ds fy, vko’;d Fkh] mUgsa izkIr ugha gqbZ FkhA og f’k{kk nsuk izkjaHk djrs gh gesa tks igyh vM+pu fn[kkbZ

nh] og Fkh iqLrdksa ds fo”k; esaA

iqLrdksa dh deh

izFker% esjh viuh tks iqLrdsa Fkh] mUgsa Fkkus esa gh esjh futh laifŸk gksus ds dkj.k tCr dj fy;k x;k FkkA vaneku esa jktcafn;ksa ds

ikl tks iqLrdsa Fkh os muds vkanksyu dh ekfld ef=dk,a FkhA ;s iqLrdsa Hkh lIrkg eas jfookj dks gh i<+us dks feyrh vkSj cgqr dr

FkhA os Fkh&Jh jked`”.k rFkk foosdkuan dh dqN iqLrdsa] VkWyLVkW; dh ^My Religion* vkfn ,d&nks iqLrrdsa vkSj ‘ks”k ,uh cslsaV ds

fFk;kslksfQdy n’kZu dhA ,d okWMZj mUgsa ,d dacy esa lCth dh rjg Hkjdj gj d{k esa ?kwerk vkSj jktcafn;ksa esa ckaVrk vkSj fQj ‘kke

gksrs gh okil ys tkrkA okLro esa i<+us dks ,d iqLrd feyrh] ijarq ftldh og gks mls gh] vksj og Hkh dsoy la/;k le; pkj ls Ng

cts rdA fnu esa dke igkM+ [kM+k djds i<+us ugha fn;k tkrk vkSj jkr esa dksBjh esa ?kqi va/ksjk gksrk] blfy, i<+k ugha tk ldrk FkkA

ml ij Hkh ,d vkSj d”Vizn fu;e ;g fd ,d jktcanh dh iqLrd] mldh bPNk gksus ij Hkh] nwljs jktcanh dks nsus dh vuqefr ugha

Fkh] Hkys gh og nwljk jktcanh mlls vkB&nl dneksa ij gh dke D;kas u djrk gksA ftldh iqLrd gks ogh mls i<+s] ckjh dk ;g l[r

vkns’k FkkA lIrkg esa ,d jn~nh lekpkj&i= i<+uk Hkh lk/kkj.k canh ds fy, vlaHko Fkk] vr% og i;kZIr FkkA gka] ,d lqf’kf{kr jktcanh

dks g¶rs esa ,d

144

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


NksVh lh iqLrd dgka rd iwjh iM+rhA ijarq og mls cnydj ugha ys ldrk FkkA iM+ksl ds jktcanh ds ikl iM+h gqbZ iqLrd Hkh cnys esa

ysuk vlaHko! Ijarq mls cnydj og nwljh ysus ugha nsxk ;k iM+kslh ls vkil esa cnydj yh gqbZ ,d gh iqLrd nwljs dks i<+rk ns[krs

gh okWMZj teknkj dh ikapksa vaxqfy;ka ?kh esa! ml jktcanh ij vfHk;ksx yxkdj ckjh lkgc ds lkeus viuh rRijrk ,oa dk;Z{kerk dk

izn’kZu djus dk lqugjk volj Hkyk dkSu tkus ns\ os ml jktcanh ij >iV~Vk ekjdj vPNh rjg ls tkap&ij[kdj fd cnys Øekad

dh iqLrd nwljs ds gkFk esa gS] nksuksa dks ckjh ds dk;kZy; esa ?klhVdj ys vkrsA

^blus iqLrd nh vkSj mlus yh] gqtwj! Dgrs gq, iqu% gYyk&xqYyk gksrk] vfHk;ksx yxk;k tkrk vkSj i;Zos{kd ¼lqifjaVsaMsaV½ Hkh ml

vijk/k ls larIr gksdj pkj&pkj fnuksa dh gFkdM+h dk naM Bksadus esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+rkA ?kM+h Hkj iqLrd i<+us ds ?kksj vijk/k esa

pkj&pkj fnu rd jktcafn;ksa dks gFkdM+h esa yVdkdj fnu Hkj [kM+k fd;k tkrkA gks ldrk gS fd jked`”.k ds pfj= ls i<+s gq, rRoksa

dks ij[kus ds vuq’kklu dk jktcanh ikyu djsa] blfy, ml rjg fu;e vkSj gFkdM+h esa yVdkus dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gksA

iqLrdsa i<+us ds ekxZ esa ck/kk Mkyus esa ckjh lkgc vxz.kh jgrsA bl iafMr izoj dk ;g fl}kar Fkk fd iqLrd iBu ls Hkkjrh; ;qod

ikxy gks tkrs gSaA ihNs tks Jh;qr a a a ads ikxy gksus dh ckr ckjh lkgc us eq>ls dgh Fkh] mlesa Hkh mlus dgk Fkk] ^ôs Hkh

fFk;kslkWfQdy iqLrd i<+rs gSa] blfy, ljfQjs cu x,A** vPNk] fFk;kslkWfQdy vFkok jked`”.k vkfn dh Hkksyh&Hkkyh] euq”; dks ikxy

cukusokyh iqLrdksa dks NksM+ fn;k tk, rks D;k og jktuhfr dh ik”kk.k ln`’k dBksj iqLrdksa dks iBuh; le>rk Fkk\ jke&jke! Okg Lo;a

dqN de i<+k&fy[kk ugha FkkA gkbZ Ldwy dh iwjh ikap d{kk rd i<s+ Fks egk’k;A brus izdkaM iafMr dks bldk ijh{kdRo lkSaik x;k Fkk

fd dkjkx`g esa dkSu lh iqLrd vkuh pkfg,A og iqLrd ljy vaxszth Hkk”kk dh rFkk ljy fo”k; dh gks] ftldks [kksyrs gh ckjh lkgc

dks iwjk cks/k gksA vU;Fkk ;fn og dksbZ n’kZu vFkok lekt’kkL= dh xw<+ iqLrd gks rks nks&pkj iUus iyVrs gh ûkWulsal Vª’k* dgdj mls

vFkZghu ?kksf”kr dj Qasd fn;k tkrkA le>us ;ksX; gks] ijarq mlesa ûs’ku*] ^daVªh* tSlk ,dk/k ‘kCn Hkh gks rks mls jktnzksg ?kksf”kr djrs

gq, Iysx ds dhVk.kq dh rjg R;kT;] vNwr le>dj frtksjh esa can dj fn;k tkrkA ckjh lkgc dk dguk gh Fkk&^^;g daVªh&’kaVªh dh

iqLrdsa ge ugha ns[k ldrs] D;ksafd bUgha iqLrdksa us u`’kal gR;kjs fufeZr fd, gSa vkSj ;ksxkfn dh Hkksyh&Hkkyh fFk;kslkWQh dh iqLrdsa] os Hkh

okLro esa ugha nsuh pkfg,A ijarq D;k djsa] lqifjaVsaMsaV lqurk ugha]

145

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


okLro esa bUgha iqLrdksa ls euq”; ikxy curk gSA**

iqLrdksa dk oS”kE;

ckjh lkgc Lo;a vYi f’kf{kr Fks] vr% ;k rks bZ”;kZo’k vFkok bl dkj.k fd f’kf{kr canh iksVZ Cysvj ds bl ijes’koj ds jksc esa ugha

vkrs] vFkok nksuksa dkj.kksa ds pyrs] tks Hkh gks] ijarq ckjh rFkk ,d&nks lqifjaVsaMsaV Hkh iqLrd i<+us dk uke ysrs gh }s”k ls Hkj tkrsA

dksbZ canh ;fn rackdw Qkadrk gks rks ckjh mldh vksj /;ku ugha nsrs] mls NksM+ nsrs vkSj viuh blh n;k’khyrk dk o.kZu djrs] ij

fdlh canh dks LysV dk VqdM+k gkFk esa ysrs] iqLrd i<+rs vksj bruk gh ugha] mls vius ikl j[ks Hkh ns[krs rks muds ryoksa esa vkx yx

tkrhA ^fdrkc eaxrk gS] lkyk! ;s txg Ldwy ugha gSA vius cki ds ?kj D;ksa ugha i<+k\ Hkst nks lkys dks dksYgw esaA de&ls&de lkys

dh fdrkc rks tCr dj yksA*

ckjh lkgc dbZ ckj viuh jk; izdV djrs fd fo’ks”k :i esa jktcafn;ksa dks iqLrdsa i<+us ds fy, nsus ls mudh iqLrdh; Hkkouk ,oa

^ukVdh;* o.kZu i<+dj mudh cqf}] tks dkjkokl dh ;krukvksa ls ^fBdkus* ij vkbZ Fkh] iqu% iwoZ laLdkj;qDr iBu ls HkM+dh gqbZ vkx

esa tyus yxrh gS] ,rnFkZ ;fn mUgsa euq”; cukuk gks] lq/kkjuk gks rks bl rjg dh iqLrdsa ugha nsuh pkfg,A ;fn dksbZ jktcanh i<+us dh

vksj /;ku u nsrs gq, fLFkfr ds v/kksxkeh vkd”kZ.k ls dqfVy cuk fn[krk] rks ckjh lkgc dks yxrk fd og lq/kj jgk gSA mls og dM+s

igjs vFkok Øwj n`f”V{ksi esa ugha j[krkA bu fopkjksaokys ml canhiky ds ;s fopkj mlds rRdkyhu ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa esa Hkh :<+ Fks vkSj

blfy, mudh fuf’pr jk; cu pqdh Fkh fd dkjkx`g esa ,slh fdlh Hkh rjg dh ,sfrgkfld iqLrdsa] tks bu Eyku] grk’k] =Lr jktcafn;ksa

dks lathouh nsrh gSa] nsuk mUgsa lq/kkjus vFkok mUgsa nafMr djus ds fy, canhx`g esa j[kusokys naMfoKku ds mn~ns’; dks foQy djuk gSA

^,sfrgkfld vFkok /kkfeZd iqLrdsa i<+dj muds fujk’k rFkk fu:Rlkgh eu% iqu% vk’kkoku] LokfHkeku ,oa mRlkgh cu tkrs gSa vkSj

canhx`g esa gh vius vkidks dnkfpr~ ikih le>us ds LFkku ij jktcanh le>us yxrs gSaA*

iqLrdksa dk ifj.kke

,d izdkj ls ml ifj.kke rd vanekuh; vf/kdkfj;ksa dk vfHkizk; lR; Fkk fd ouokl esa /kekZfnd ikaMoksa ds eu dks tc&tc

vkRefuank] vkReyTtk rFkk gRkk’kHkko la=Lr djrk] rc&rc ;g dgrs gq, fd ^vjs ;qf/kf”Bj! Uyjkt ij HkhA

146

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


blh rjg dk ladV vk;k Fkk vkSj izHkq jkepan ij Hkh* muds HkXu mRlkg dks iqu% psruk iznku djus ds fy, _f”k;ksa ds vk[;kuksa dk

;gh ifj.kke gksrkA xrdkyhu ,sfrgkfld ohj dkO; rFkk ohj xkFkk vFkok xhrk dk deZ;ksx vFkok mifu”knksa dk czãokn i<+dj dbZ ckj

mu jktcafn;ksa dk xqIr pSrU; mn~nhIr gksrk] dbZ ckj vkReyTtk u”V gks tkrh vkSj eu vkRexkSjo ls mYyflr gksdj ;krukvksa dks

f/kDdkjrs gq, xjtus yxrkA dkjkx`g ds a a avkSj ftl vFkZ ls vf/kdkfj;ksa dk dguk gksrk fd iqLrdsa vo’; i<+us ds fy, nsuh

pkfg,A

izFker% geus ,slh izf’k{kk dk vknku&iznku vkjaHk fd;k tks iqLrd ds fcuk Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA tSlkfd ihNs o.kZu fd;k gS] dqN

la[;k esa vusd izdkj ls jktcanh bdV~Bs gks ldrs Fks] ckrphr dj ldrs FksA mldk ykHk mBkdj mUgsa] tks esjs d{k esa jgus ds fy,

vk, gq, Fks] eSaus izFker% ekSf[kd :i esa gh ,sfrgkfld dgkfu;ka crkus dk iz;kl fd;kA dgha&u&dgha cafn;ksa dh /kka/kyh esa ,df=r gksdj

vFkok nwj chl ixksa ij cSBdj Hkh igjsnkjksa ds lgkuqHkwfriwoZd dku u /kjus ls tksj&tksj ls ckr djrs gq, vkSj vkgV yxrs gh ekSu

ozr dk ikyu djrs gq, vFkok ckjh vk gh x, rks ^gka] ckr dj jgs Fks* bl rjg nckdj dgrs gq, gFkdM+h dk naM lgrs dqN Hkh

djds lIrkg esa nks&pkj ,sfrgkfld v/;k; eSa muds lkeus dgus yxkA izFker% fganqLFkku dk osndky ls bfrgkl] mlds foHkkx vkSj

:Ikjs[kk crkdj mlds Ik’pkr~ muesa ls egku~ dky ds ‘kkludŸkkZvksa ds pfj=ksa dk o.kZu djrk] mlds mijkar ;wjksih; vokZphu

bfrgkl&usiksfy;u] eSftuh] xSjhckYMh vkSj fo’ks”kdj rRdkyhu Mxexkrs :l ds izpaM vkanksyu dk bfrgkl lqukrkA mlds i’pkr~

vFkZ’kkL= ds xw<+ rŸo vkSj ‘kklu foKku vkSj jktuhfr ‘kklu dh ppkZ djrkA vkxs pydj tSls&tSls jktcafn;ksa dh la[;k c<+rh xbZ

vkSj gM+rky] c[ksMs+] VaVs] >xM+s gksrs&gksrs vf/kdkfj;ksa dh ,slh voLFkk gks xbZ fd ^rksck] viuh NkN ls] bu dqŸkksa ls NqM+kA bdV~Bk

cSBks] i<+ks] tks eu esa vk, djks] ijarq dke djks vkSj vkanksyu djds gesa rax er djks*] rc bUgha laf{kIr laoknksa dk :ikarj gksus yxkA

jfookj dh cSBd esa ppkZ fNM+rh] tks lIrkg Hkj lk/kkj.kr% Hkax jgh FkhA ijarq fo’ks”kr% jfookj lqcg ukS cts rd gesa out djus

vFkok ?kkl dkVus ds fy, viuh dksBfj;kas ls ckgj j[kk tkrk] rc tks ikap&nl jktcanh esjs d{k esa gksrs] muds lkFk eSa ,d rjg cSB

tkrkA gj ,d dks ,d fo”k; fn;k tkrkA og ml ij cksyrkA mlds Ik’pkr~ ml fo”k; ij ppkZ gksrhA var esa ;FkklaHko ,d jk”Vªxhr

xk;k tkrkA og xks”Bh izk;% Hkkxrs ?kksM+s ij gh gksrh] u fd flagklu vFkok ;ksxklu ijA D;ksafd bldk dksbZ fu;e ugha Fkk fd dc

147

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


igjsnkj fxjrk&iM+rk] gkaQrk gqvk vkrk vkSj dgrk] ^ckjh vkrk gS* vFkok dt teknkj ^,s ce&xksysokyks] rqe cM+s cs’keZ yksx gks] fQj

cu x;k te?kV\ tkvks] ?kkl dkVks] mBrs gks ;k ugha* dgrk gqvk xkyh&xykSt djrs gq, vk /kedrkA fdlh ds Hkh vkrs gh

oDrk&Jksrkvksa ds lkFk xks”Bh Hkkxus yxrh vkSj mlds fNUu&fHkUu lnL;ksa esa ls dksbZ ?kkl esa] rks dksbZ Vhu dh vkM+ esa] rks dksbZ cjru

ds cgkus nqcddj cSBrkA iqu% og vka/kh Fke tkus ds Ik’pkr~ og cSBd] tSls fd igys o.kZu fd;k gS&^Let the Legions thunder past

and plunged in deep thought again* iqu% fopkjksa esa [kks tkrhA

bl rjg vka/kh&ikuh Fkeus ls dHkh&dHkh fdlh ukSflf[k, euq”; dh vkReksigklkRed izofŸk mtkxj gks tk, vkSj bl cSBd dh gs;rk dk

izfrHkkl gksus yxs rks eSa bZlkb;ksa dh ^Hkkxrh izkFkZukvksa* dk Lej.k fnykrkA ;gwfn;ksa ds paxqy esa viuk /kkfeZd vkpkj rFkk /kkfeZd la?k

dk fu;e bZlkb;ksa dks izFker% tc ikyu djuk iM+k rc dHkh lqjax esa dcz ds lkeus] dHkh dkjkx`g esa izkFkZuk ds fy, ?kqVus Vsdrs gh

jkseu yksxksa ds vkus dh vkgV gksrh vkSj rqjar HkxnM+ eprhA iqu% vloj feyrs gh ,df=r gksdj izkFkZuk iwjh dh tkrhA ;s Hkkxrh

xksf”B;ka blh izdkj dh Hkkxrh izkFkZuk,a FkhA dkjkx`g dh v/kksxfr dks ey Hkj ds fy, jksddj ;s xksf”B;ka eu dks mPprk] mnkŸkrk dh

vksj mUeq[k djrh A vaneku ds ml canhokl esa jfookj dk ;g ^Hktu* eSaus o”kksZa blh rjg pkyw j[kk FkkA mlesa fdruh lkjh

jktuhfrd] /kkfeZd] Hkk”kk’kkL= fo”k;d] lkfgfR;d] ‘kkL=h; vkfn fo”k;ksa dh Ågkiksg rFkk ppkZ gqbZ gksxhA dHkh&dHkh eu dks lark s”k Hkh

feyrk fd ckY;kdky esa ukfld ds Ik’pkr~ iq.ks esa] iq.ks ds Ik’pkr~ cacbZ esa] cacbZ ds mijkar baXySaM esa vkSj baXySaM ds Ik’pkr~ vc

vaneku ds dkjkx`g esa Hkh jfookj dk og jk”V ªh; Hktu vkSj jk”V ªh; Kku l= fujarj pkyw j[kuk laHko gqvkA ml fu;e dk ikyu

laHko gqvkA dHkh gkse ds foLrh.kZ LFkafMy esa rks dHkh fo’onso ds fcŸks dqaM esa] ijarq vfXu dh vkgqfr Vy ugha ldhA blhfy, rks vfXu

thfor jghA

Hkkxrh cSBd ds vfrfjDr tks nwljk egŸoiw.kZ lk/ku ge f’k{kk izlkjkFkZ iz;qDr dj jgs Fks] og Fkk pwus ls iksrh gqbZ dksBjh dh nhokjsa

vkSj NksVh&NksVh dhysa rFkk jkeckal ¼dsrdh dh tkfr dk ,d ikS/kk] ftlds iŸkksa dks dwVdj jfLl;ka cukrs gSa½ds dkaVsA canhx`g esa

jktcafn;ksa ds isafly rFkk dkxt j[kus ij izfrca/k FkkA muds ‘kjhj rFkk dksBfj;ksa dh dldj ryk’kh yh tkrh] rFkkfi izk;% izR;sd

jktcanh ds ikl vaxqyh Hkj fpV~Bh fy[kus ;ksX; dkxt dk VqdM+k vkSj isafly ds lhls dh

148

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


lykbZ dk NksVk lk VqdM+k] ftldh Åijh ydM+h Hkh fudky nh xbZ gS vkSj ftls vaxqfy;ksa esa idM+uk Hkh dfBu gksrk Fkk] bruh lkexzh

rks vo’; gksrh FkhaA ;g lkexzh dHkh eqag esa] rks dHkh ckyksa esa] rks dHkh bl gkFk dh ryk’kh ysrs le; ml gkFk esa] ugh arks ,dne a a a

augha canhx`g ds vfrxksiuh; rF; dk mn~?kkVu ugha djsaxsA gekjh lkjh ;qfDr;kas dh iksy [kqy xbZ rks iqu% dHkh bl rjg dh ;k=k dk

izlax vkus ij dkxt&isafly fNikuk dfBu gh gksxk u!

ijarq bl rjg ds vaxqyh Hkj dkxth VqdM+s fpV~Bh fy[kus ds fy, Hkys gh mi;qDr gksa] f’k{kk ds fy, fuca/k ys[kukFkZ vFkok fVIif.k;ka

fy[kus ds fy, mi;qDr ugha FksA gekjs igys gh o”kZ esa bl rjg dh ,d vM+pu dk izlax lkeus vk;kA ge vkj-ih-ih ds ,d izfl}

Hkw&xHkZ’kkL=h xazFk dk ikjk;.k dj jgs FksA cpiu ls gh gesa vknr Fkh fd iqLrd i<+rs gh ,d cgh esa mldk egŸoiw.kZ lkjka’k mrkj

ysrs rkfd mls Le`fr esa lafpr dj ldsaA vknr ds vuqlkj ml HkkSxfHkZd dky dh dkye;kZnk dh fVIi.kh geus dksBjh esa ,d yack lk

dkxt tkdy mlij mrkjhA nwljs fnu og iqLrd ykSVkus d s Ik’pkr~ ‘kke dks }kj can gksus ij vkjke ls mld dkxt dks fudkydj eSa

i<+uk vkjaHk dj gh jgk Fkk fd brus esa [kV&[kV twrs [kM+dkrs vle; esjh ryk’kh ysus ds fy, vksojlh;j lkgc vk, vkSj njoktk

[kksydj esjh ryk’kh ysus yxsA esjh rks dHkh&dHkh fnu esa rhu ckj ryk’kh yh tkrhA tc ckjh us vuqHko fd;k fd lkS esa nks ckj Hkh

;g lekpkj lR; ugha fudyk] rc dgha tkdj ryk’kh dk ;g Øe lekIr gqvkA

vpkud Nkik iM+k

ml le; og yack lk dkxt fNikuk vlaHko gks x;kA mls mBkrs gq, vksojlh;j us iwNk] ^^;g D;k\** eSaus dgk] ^^uksV~l] fVIif.k;kaA**

mlus cyiwoZd trk;k] ^^dkjkx`g esa iqLrdksa ds uksV~l oxSjg dqN ugha ys ldrsA** rFkkfi dqN cM+k c[ksM+k mifLFkr djus dk lkSHkkX;

izkIr gksxk] bl vk’kk ls mlus dkxt Bhd mtkys esa vkSj fQj vHkh&vHkh yxh gqbZ cŸkh ds ikl ys tkdj i<+k rks D;k Pliocene,

Miocene, Neolithic vkfn ÅViVkax ‘kCnksa dh jsyisyA ^^What Cipher is this?** ¼;g dkSu lh ladsr fyfi gS\½ mlus fdafpr~ ‘kadkdqy eqnzk esa vk Sj fdafpr~ bl Hkko ls fd ^vkf[kj jaxs gkFk idM+ gh fy;k* cM+s BkB ls iwNkA eSaus etkd esa dgk] ^^HkkSxfHkZd**

¼ft;ksykWftdy½A rc dgha QqlQqlkrs gq, teknkj us dgk fd bls dy ys vkvks vkWfQl esaA bl ij vfHk;ksx yxk;k gksxkA mlh rjg

vfHk;ksx yxk;k x;k] ijarq og gekjk igyk gh dkjkx`gh; ^vijk/k* psrkouh nsus ij jQk&nQk gks

149

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


x;k vkSj nks lIrkg rd iqLrd iBu can djus dk naM fn;k x;kA¹38

rc] vc iqLrdksa dk lkjka’k dSls fy[ksaA oSls ge dfork djrs rks Fks] ij mUgsa fy[ksa dgka\ jktcafn;ksa dks lkIrkfgd O;k[;kuksa esa fn,

vFkZ’kkL=] bfrgkl vkfn eq[; fo”k;ksa ds uksV~l nsdj muls ;kn djk ysus dk dk;Z dSls gks\ brus dkxt dgka ls yk,a\ vkSj yk,a Hkh rks

laHkkys vkSj fNik, dSls tk,a\ Nqik;k rks Hkh i<+us ds le; vf/kdkjh ns[ksaxs] mUgsa va/ksjs esa dSls j[kk tk,\ rHkh lkeus dh nhokj ij

n`f”V xbZ vkSj ;qfDr fn[khA vjs] ;gh rks dkxt gS! Pkwus ls iqrh yach&pkSM+h ;g nhokj!

iqrh nhokj vkSj jkeckWal dk dkaVk

ihNs cacbZ esa Hkk;[kyk esa NksVh lh dhy ;k bZaV ds VqdM+s ls eSa fHkfŸk ij fy[kk djrkA ijarq og iz;ksx v/kwjk Fkk] vc og cM+s iSekus

ij djus dh ;kstuk cukbZ vkSj esjh laiw.kZ ‘kfDr rd] Hkjiwj pkSng o”kksZa rd og dke esa vkbZA ,d fnu pqipki njokts dh dqaMh es a

[kksaluk vkSj dksBjh dk njoktk can gksrs gh izk;% og eghuksa can gh jgrk] Hkhr ij LraHkksa ds lkFk fy[kuk izkjaHk fd;kA bl lkrosa d{k

dh lHkh nhokjsa Lo;a ,d&,d xazFk gh FkhA eSa jLlh cVrk ml nhokj ij Lisalj dh vKs; ehekalk dk ;qfDrokn ;FkkØe mrkjrk x;k

FkkA ^deyk* izk;% ml lkrosa Hkkx dh nhokj ij jpk x;k Fkk vkSj ,d dksBjh esa fey ds vFkZ’kkL=h; xazFk dh lHkh egŸoiw.kZ O;k[;k,a

dhy ls [kksnh xbZ FkhA og blfy, dh izR;sd eghus tc esjh dksBjh dh cnyh gksrh rc dqN&u&dqN frdM+eckth dj nwljs d{k ls

vkusokys u, jktcafn;ksa esa ls] ftls vFkZ’kkL= dk v/;;u djuk gks] og esjh NksM+h gqbZ dksBjh esa ?kqlrk vkSj eghus Hkj esa mls daBLFk

djrkA tc vyx&vyx d{kksa esa esjh cnyh dh tkus yxh] rc izR;sd d{k esa esjh [kqnh gqbZ fVIif.k;ka dksBfj;ksa esa jgrh vkSj os jktcanh

mUgsa i<+rs] tks Øe’k% lacaf/kdr dksBfj;ksa esa cnydj vkrsA

jktcafn;ksa dk Kku c<+kus ds fy, bl rjg lkIrkfgd lHkk,a] le;≤ ij volj feyrs gh ekSf[kd tkudkjh nsuk vkSj nhokj ij

[kqnh gqbZ fVIif.;ka] O;k[;k] m}j.k mrkjdj j[kuk& ;s rhu izeq[k lk/ku mi;ksx esa vkrsA nhokj ds bu xazFkksa ds fo”k; esa cl bruh gh

dfBukbZ gksrh fd mu fHkfŸk&i=ksa dh vk;q ek= ,d o”kZ dh gh gksrh] cschyksu ds bf”Vdk xazFkksa dh rjg lfn;ksa rd ughaA D;kasfd izfro”kZ

,d ckj lQsnh dk dke ‘kq: gksrs gh gekjs mu lkjs vueksy xazFkksa dks pwuk yx tkrk] vr% iqrkbZ] lQsnh dk dke izkjaHk gksus ls ,d

eghuk egys esjk osn?kks”k dk dky gksrk rFkk vU; [kqnh gqbZ lkjh dforkvksa dk xqIr :i rFkk lw{e n`f”V ls iBu djds mUgsa

38

fnaukd 6 fnlacj] 1911( var esa nh xbZ canh if=dk nsf[k,A

150

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


daBLFk djuk iM+rkA ;|fi fHkfŸk&i=ksa dh vk;q o”kZ Hkj dh gksrh] rFkkfi pwuk iksrus ls ,d vU; ykHk gksrkA iqjkus dkxtksa dk fouk’k

gksrk vkSj pwuk iksrus ls nhokj iqu% ‘kqHkz gksrh vkSj u, dksjs&dksjs dkxtksa dk tUe gksrkA dHkh&dHkh bl dkaM dk HkaMk Hkh QwV tkrkA

ijarq vR;Yi] D;kasfd ml HkhfŸk ij dh xbZ ckjhd [kqnkbZ i<+uk ,d fo’ks”k dyk gh FkhA mlesa ejkBh Hkk”kk vFkok vFkZ’kkL=kfn xw< +

fo”k;ksa dh fVIif.k;kaA mls ckjh lkgc i<+ ik,a vkSj mldk vFkZ yxk ik,a&mudh ;ksX;rk rk s bl rjg dh {kqnz] rqPN ckrsa le>us ls

dgha vf/kd Åaph Fkh! bruh fd tc&tc nhokj dqjsnus dk lansg fdlh ij gksrk rc ;g u le> ikus ij fd ;g ?klhVdj D;k fy[kk

gS] ckjh lkgc lPpkbZ ds lkFk vkjksi yxkrs] ^tku&cw>dj nhokj dk pwuk dqjsndj mUgsa fo:i fd;k x;k gS] rkfd ljdkjh okLrq dh

[kjkch gksA* ,d ckj gekjs T;s”B ca/kq dks jkeckWal dk dkaVk vius ikl j[kus ds vijk/k esa naM fn;k x;k FkkA ijarq jkeckWal ds dkWaVksa

ls gh mUgksaus foosdkuan dh iqLrd dh osnkar fo”k;d ‘kadk,a rFkk vkis{k fy[ks Fks vFkkZr~ [kksns gq, Fk sA ijarq isafly feyuk vlaHko gksus ds

dkj.k viuh iqLrd ij Hkh i<+rs&i<+rs tks ‘kadk,a mHkjrh] mUgsa vkSj mŸkjksa dks dkaVksa ls [kksnuk Hkh Li”V gS fd dkjkx`gh; naM nsus ;ksX;

¼Cognisable Crime½ gh FkkA HkkSaM+k u lgh ij fuf’pr vkSj f’k”V dksfVØe esa cksyuk gks rks ckjh ;g dgrs] ^,s] ;g tsy gS] Ldwy

ughaA i<+us dk bruk ‘kkSd gS rks cki ds ?kj D;ksa ugh lh[kk] b/kj vk;k gh D;kas\ yM+k ser] i<+k ser] dke djks] cl dke! vkSj ge

dqN ugha tkurkA*

dsoy i<+dj D;k djksxs

bl ckã izfrca/k ds vfrfjDr jktcafn;ksa ds Kkuo/kZu esa ,d ck/kk vkSj Fkh] muesa ls dqN yksxksa dh viuh gh mnklhurkA jktcafn;ksa esa

ls izk;% lHkh yksx jkT; Økafrdkjh FksA vr% Kku dh vis{kk deZ dh vksj mudk :>ku gksuk LokHkkfod FkkA mudk lgt vfHkizk; gksrk

fd i<+&fy[kdj D;k djuk gS] deZ djuk pkfg,] R;kx djuk gksxkA mUgsa bl rjg le>kuk iM+rk&vki esa ls tks izk;% ikap&lkr o”kksZa

ds naM ds fy, gh vk, gSa] os Hkxoku dh n;k ls tc dqDr gksaxs rc mUgsa dk;Z{ks= esa ;Fkk;ksX; dk;Z djus gSaA ml le; iqLrdsa er

i<+ukA ijarq b/kj tc rd i<+us ls vf/kd mi;ksxh i zR;{k dk;Z djuk vlaHko gS rc rd rks vkids /;s; dh n`f”V ls vf/kd mi;ksxh

izR;{k dk;Z djuk vlaHko gS rc rd rks vkids /;s; dh n`f”V ls ;g le; KkuktZu esa O;rhr djuk vR;ar vko’;d gSA laikfnr

djuk ¼izkIr djuk½ ftruk dfBu gS mruk gh mls laHkkyuk Hkh dfBu gksrk gS vkSj mlesa ikjaxr u gksus ij rks vkSj Hkh dfBu

jktuhfrd] ,sfrgkfld] vFkZ’kkL=h; vkSj ‘kklu’kkL=h; fo?kkrd

151

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dk;Z Hkh fcuk Kku ds mfpr <ax ls ugha fd;k tk ldrkA rc rks og loZFkk gh vlaHko gSA bZjku dk gh mnkgj.k yhft,A jkT; Økafr

gks xbZ] ijarq jkT; laLFkkiu vkSj lao/kZu ds fy, vko’;d fo/kk;d ikjaxrrk Økafrdkfj;ksa esa rks ugha Fkh ftruh f dog vko’;d Fkh]

vr% vesfjdk ls vk;&O;; esa fuiq.k O;fDr dks ykuk iM+k vkSj vFkZO;OkLFkk tSls vR;ar egŸoiw.kZ dk;Z esa nwljs ds gkFk ls ikuh ihuk

iM+k] ftlls nwj&nwj rd va/ksjk Nk x;kA ek= fouk’k dh va/kh izofŸk fdl rjg vius gh iSjkas ij dqYgkM+h ekjrh gS] ;g lc Ýkal dh

jkT; Økafr ls lh[kdj ;FkklaHko fo?kkrd ‘kfDr dk izfrjks/k djuk pkfg,A phu esa Hkh iztkra= ¼x.kra=& Republic½LFkkfir gksrs gh izFke mldks ‘kklu’kkL= esa fuiq.k yksxksa ds vHkko dk lkeuk djuk iM+k] ,sls fo’ks”kKksa dks fons’k ls ykuk iM+kA vFkkZr~ ek= phu ds fgr

dh vksj /;ku nsuk vkSj vius gh Lotkfr;ksa dh rnFkZ gkfu djuk] muls loZFkk vlaHko gksus ds dkj.k jkT; O;oLFkk esa va/ksj[kkrk [kqy

x;kA vr% ‘kklu’kkL=h; Kku dks [khjk&ddM+h ugha le>uk pkfg,A bl dk;Z esa vkidks mudk vkn’kZ lkeus j[kdj pyuk pkfg,

ftUgsa mnkjeroknh dgk x;k gSA mnkjerokfn;ksa esa ftl rjg vFkZfon~ jktuhfrK] ‘kklu’kkL=h gSa mlh rjg vki yksxksa esa de&ls&de

xks[kys vFkok nŸk vFkok lj ek/kojko dgka gS\ vr% de&ls&de tc rd izR;{k dk;Z dqN Hkh u djus dh bl vlgk; vFkok c}

voLFkk esa vki gSa] rc ek= efD[k;ka ekjrs gq, vFkok fparkxzLr gksdj le; fcrkus dh vis{kk geesa ls gj dksbZ ;FkklaHko viuk

Kkuo/kZu djsA

jktuhfrd bfrgkl’kkL=] jktuhfrd ‘kklu’kkL= vkSj jktuhfrd vFkZ’kkL=

fo’ks”kr% vius vaxhd`r dk;Z ds fy, vko’;d jktuhfrd bfrgkl’kkL=] jktuhfrd ‘kklu’kkL= rFkk jktuhfrd vFkZ’kkL=] bu rhu

‘kkL=ksa dk dqN&u&dqN v/;;u izR;sd O;fDr dks djuk gh pkfg,A /keZ dk;Z dh rjg gh jktuhfr esa Hkh Kku;qDr deZ gh lekt ds

fy, fgrdkjd gksxkA vki bl le; ,d lsok&R;kx dh ;kruk lgus dh fuf”Ø; losok dj gh jgs gSaA mlds lkFk&lkFk gh vkiesa ls

izR;sd vius&vius lkeus ;g rkRdkfyd y{; j[ks fd og ,dy lsok djrs&djrs gh vaxhd`r dk;kZFkZ vko’;d fo}rk dk Hkh ;FkklaHko

mikZtu djs vkSj bl izdkj ek= ohjn`f”V ls dk;Z djus dh tks ,dy ;ksX;rk blls iwoZ vki esa Fkh] mlesa vc Kkun`f”V Hkh tksM+dj

nksgjh ;ksX;rk vkRelkr~ djsA

152

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&13

fganqLFkku ls i=&O;ogkj vkSj lekpkj&izkfIr

fganqLFkku dh tsy esa u j[krs gq, jktcafn;ksa dks dkysikuh Hksts tkus ij mUgsa tks lcls cM+h ihM+k Hkqxruh iM+rh] og Fkh& mudk

fganqLFkku ls laca/k VwV tkukA fganqLFkku fLFkr dkjkx`g eas de&ls&de izfr rhu&pkj eghuksa esa ,d ckj rks vius lacaf/k;ksa ls HksaV gksrh

gh gS] i= izkIr gksrs gSa vkSj ;fn dqN fo’ks”k d”V gks rks izk;% izR;{k gh mu iqjkus cafn;ksa ds gkFkksa] tks eqDr gks tkrs gSa] ml d”V dk

ckgj Hkst ldrs gSa] mls eq[kj dj ldrs gSaA iqu% vkrs&tkrs ckgj ds yksx dkjkxkjh; eaMy ds :i esa ;g fujh{k.k djus vkrs gh jgrs

gSa fd dkjkcafn;ksa dh fLFkfr dSlh gSA bu lHkh ckrksa dk fganqLFkkuh dkjkx`g esa Hkh ml le; ;|fi bruk mi;ksx ugha gksrk Fkk ftruk

gksuk pkfg,] rFkkfi vaneku dh rqyuk esa fganqLFkku esa lkoZtfud n`f”V dh jf’e;ka dkjkx`g ds va/ksjs esa vf/kd rhozrkiwoZd rFkk vf/kd

lqyHkrk ds lkFk ?kql tkrh FkhA ijarq buesa ls ,d Hkh ykHk vaneku esa ugha feyrk Fkka ogka ds nl&ikap ;wjksih; vf/kdkjh&dsoy] ,d

eftLVsªV] ,d MkWDVj] ,d lqifjaVsaMsaV vkSj ,d ml eaMy dk] tks muds foHkkxksa ij fuxjkuh j[kus ds fy, fu;qDr fd;k tkrk] og

vny&cnydj ogh lHkkln cursA mlh rjg lk;adkyhu ØhM+keaMy ds fe=] lgHkksth fnu ds ijLijkoyach jkT; foHkkxkf/kdkjh rFkk

jkf= ds xkus&ctkus&ukpus ds lkFkh Hkh A vr%muesa ls fdlh ds Hkh fo:} dqN f’kdk;r dksbZ nwljk lqusxk] bldh vk’kk u gksuk

LokkHkkfod gh FkkA

cafn;ksa dks ,d o”kZ ds mijkar ,d ckj i= Hkstus dh vuqefr FkhA¹39 og Hkh la{ksi esa fy[kksa] NksVk i= fy[kksA bl izdkj ds vkrad dh

dSaph esa fy[kk gqvk

39

ohj lkojdj }kjk vius vuqt MkW- ukjk;.k ¼cky½ nkeksnj lkojdj dks fyf[kr i=ksa dk laxzg ^vaneku ds va/ksjs ls ‘kh”kZd ls

izdkf’kr gSA

153

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


i=A mlesa Hkh og [kqys :i esa gh Hkstk tk,xk] fyQkQs eas ughaA izFker% dkjkx`g dk vf/kdkjh] fQj mifuos’kh; vf/kdkjh mldh ijh{kk

djsaxs vkSj ;fn mUgsa ilan vk x;k rks os HkstasxsA ;g ckr igys ls lHkh dks Li”V dh tkrh fd dkjkx`g ds laca/k esa ,d v{kj Hkh ugha

fy[kk tk,xk] vU;Fkk fu;e fo:} i= gksus ds dkj.k mls dqM+snku esa Qsad fn;k tk,xkA bl izdkj uqdhyh /kkjnkj dSaph ls drjk gqvk

vaxq”B ek= ‘ks”k i= Hkstk tk,xk] og Hkh o”kZ esa ,d ckj vkSj og Hkh rc tc ml iwjs o”kZ es ,d ckj Hkh naM&iafDr esa u cSBsA

/khjs&/khjs lqLrkuk] vle; ‘kkSpkfn] fudV cSBs canh ls ckr djuk] bl rjg ds lk/kkj.k vijk/kksa ds fy, Hkh D;ksa u gks] ijarq ,dk/k

dkjkx`gh; naM feyk gks rks fQj ml rjg dk nks vaxqyh Hkj i= Hkh o”kZ esa Hkstus ds vf/kdkj ls oafpr gksuk iM+rk FkkA vc D;k ;g

crkuk Hkh gksxk fd bl rjg iwjs o”kZ mlh rjg dBksj vuq’kklu esa ,oa lk/kkj.k vijk/k ls Hkh cpdj nafMr gq, fcuk o”kZ&;kiu djuk

fdruk nq”dj gSA bl voLFkk esa i= }kjk vius vki ij VwVs d”Vksa ds igkM+ dh tkudkjh fganqLFkku esa igqapkus dh vk’kk rks nwj jgh]

o”kkZar esa vius ?kj ds fiz;tuksa ds ek= dq’ky&{kse dk o`Ÿk Hkh le>us vFkok mUgsa ;g lwfpr djus fd vHkh rd ge thfor gSa] dh

vk’kk djuk fujFkZd FkkA jktcafn;ksa ds vkxeu ls iwoZ rks bu fu;eksa dk vR;ar dBksjrkiwoZd ekyu fd;k tkrk FkkA jktcafn;ksa ds vVwV

iz;klksa ls izFker% muds gh fy, vkSj Ik’pkr~ yxko ls vU; cafn;ksa ds fy, Hkh dbZ fu;e f’kfFky fd, x,] rFkkfi jktcanh dbZ ckj

nks&nks o”kkZsa rd ?kj esa i= ugha Hkst lds] u gh mUgsa ?kj ls dksbZ i= feykA

eqag lhdj vR;kpkj

Bhd gS] fganqLFkku esa ljdkj }kjk cafn;ksa ds tks i= Hksts tkrs] muesa canhoku Lo;a ij gks jgs vR;kpkjksa dk mYys[k ugha dj ldrs Fks(

ijarq fganqLFkku fLFkr dkjkx`g esa] tSlkfd Åij fof.kZr fd;k x;k gS] vU; izdkjksa }kjk Hkh viuh ckr dks eq[kj rks fd;k tk ldrk Fkk]

ijarq ;gka dnkfi ughaA izFker% dkjkxkj dk lekykspd eaMy ml rjQ vkrk gh ugha FkkA dHkh&dHkkj eftLVsªV pDdj yxkrs] ijarq os

ckjh lkgc ds fo:} ugha tkrsA mifuos’k ds deh’ku }kjk gh lHkh vkosnu&i= fganqLFkku ljdkj ds ikl tk,axsA os f’kdk;r Hkjs

vkosnu&i= Hkstus ds fy, lkQ ^uk* djrs gq, Qasd nsrs] fQj vU; yksxksa dks dkSu iwNrk gS\ fganqLFkku ls fu;fer :i ls lekykspd ds

:i esa fdlh ds Hkh vkus dk Hk; ugha FkkA dHkh dgha fdlh naxk&Qlkn dh ckr Qsy tkus ls gh Åij ls dksbZ vkrkA bl rjg ckr

Qsy xbZ rks mls Åij rd igqapkus ls jksdus dk iwjk&iwjk iz;kl gksuk LokHkkfod gh FkkA ,slh voLFkk

154

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


esa ml vf/kdkjh&iapk;r ls ckgj vaneku dk lekpkj QwVuk dfBu gks tkrk FkkA ;s vf/kdkjh viuh&viuh U;k;cqf} ls vkosnu&i=

dh f’kdk;rksa vkSj izfroknksa dk fu.kZ; ysrsA ijarq ;fn dHkh muds fu.kZ; esa fdlh dks vU;k; dk vkHkkl g qvk rks mldks Åij rd

igqapkuk ;k pqxyh [kkuk vFkok lkoZtfud :i esa mldks izdV djuk fganqLFkku dh rqyuk ea vaneku esa cgqr dfBu dk;Z gks x;k FkkA

vc ges’kk gh eqDr gksusokys cafn;ksa ds }kjk ckgj lekpkj Hkstus dk tks fganqLFkkuh dkjkx`gksa esa lk/ku Fkk] mldk rks vaneku eas uke Hkh

ugha ys ldrs FksA tks vk,xk og chl&iPphl o”kksZa ds fy, A vFkkZr~ de&ls&de nl o”kZ rks dgha ugha x,A mlesa Hkh vaneku ds

mifuos’k esa jgdj] thfor jgdj! fQj eqDr gksuk gSA loZFkk fojyk] dnkfpr~A fQj fganqLFkku esa!

f’kdk;r izdV dSl s djsa

,slh voLFkk esa jktcafn;ksa ds lkeus ;g iz’u [kM+k gqvk Fkk fd viuh ihM+k vius ns’kca/kqvksa d dkuksa rd dSls igaqpk,a\ ogka ds

vf/kdkfj;ksa ds gkFkksa thfor jgdj eqDr gksus ds fy, ,dek= mik; Fkk& ftl vlã d”V esa jguk iM+rk Fkk mldh] dqN va’k esa gh

D;ksa u gks] Hkud fganqLFkku ljdkj ds dkuksa esa Mkyuk] D;ksafd ogka ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dk Li”V dguk Fkk fd rqe yksxksa ls ge tk s

dBksjrkiw.kZ O;ogkj djrs gSa mlesa gekjk dksbZ nks”k ugha gSA gesa Åij ls gh] fganqLFkku ljdkj dk dBksj vkns’k gSA ;g lR; gS ;k

feF;k] ;g vktekus ds fy, Hkh fganqLFkku esa lwfpr djuk vko’;d FkkA jktcanh tc vaneku esa tkrs rks mudks vaneku fo”k;d

fganqLFkku esa cl mruh gh rFkk mlh rjg tkudkjh gksrh ftruh fdlh gksuksywyw dh tkudkjh vkt gSA og dkykikuh gSA jktcanh ds

fuokZlu ds Ik’pkr ~ gh vaneku ls FkksM+k ukeek= dk ifjp; gqvkA ijarq lk/kkj.k turk dks gh ugha] izk;% lHkh i=dkjksa dks Hkh vaneku

fo”k;d ek= lkykuk ^lc Bhd gS* ds vkxs d”V ds ckjs esa dksbZ Hkh iwNrkN fganqLFkku ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ugha djuh pkfg, vkSj cgqr

ls yksxkssa dh ;gh bPNk gksxh fd jktcafn;ksa dks ,d ckj ml dkysikuh ij NksM+ nsa rks iqu% mudh fdVfdV lquus dh vko’;drk ugha gSA

Ikjarq mu lc izfrdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh jktcafn;ksa us viuh ml fdVfdV dks fganqLFkku ljdkj ds dkuksa esa Mkyus dh ;kstuk cukbZA

;fn eqfDr ikuh gS] de&ls&de thfor jguk gS] rks vc ;g fd, fcuk cpuk vlaHko FkkA ;g lc Bhd] ijarq fcYyh ds xys esa ?kaVh

dkSu cka/ks\ bu jktcafn;ksa esa ,d lTtu Jh gksrhyky Fks

155

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


tks la;qDr izkar ds U;k;y; ls jktnzksg ds vijk/k esa nl o”kZ dk naM ikdj vk, FksA mUgksaus vius ,d fe= dh lEefr ls dgk fd eSa

;g nkf;Ro ysrk gwaA ml le; rd jktcafn;ksa dh tks gM+rky] >xM+s gq, Fks] mlls Hkh lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa esa ls dqN le>nkj yksxksa ij

mldk FkksM+k lk rkfŸod izHkko gqvk FkkA muesa ls dqN yksxksa ds eu esa bl rjg dh ,d /kqa/kyh vk’kk iuius yxh Fkh] Hkys gh og

cgqrka’k esa ikxyiu gks] fd gks ldrk gS ;g izksQslj] cSfjLVj] ,fMVj tSls yksx dnkfpr~ vaknksyu NsM+dj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks Hkh >qdk,axs

vkSj ;fn ge bl fLFkfr esa mudh lgk;rk djsa rks vius vPNs fnuksa esa ;s gesa eqfDr Hkh fnyk ldrs gSaA ,sls gh dqN cafn;ksa ls ,d

^gksrh ckc* us dkxt izkIr djrs gh ,d i= fy[k MkykA

gksrhyky dk i=

gksrhyky us dksYgw dh gM+rky esa ckjh lkgc ls ysdj lqifjaVsaMsaV rd lHkh dh ukd esa ne dj Mkyk FkkA os mŸkj Hkkjrh; ‘kq} fganh rks

cksyrs gh Fks] ijarq vaxszth] mnZw esa Hkh izoh.k FksA :l] phu] tkiku vkfn lHkh ns’k&fons’k dh lSj djds mUgksaus vusd vuqHko fy;s FksA

mUgsa rks loZFkk ^vlq/kkj.kh;* ?kksf”kr djrs gq, ,d dksBjh esa dM+s igjs esa j[kk x;k FkkA ml dksBjh esa vkSj ml igjs esa mUgksaus

,d&,d iafDr djds ;g rhu LraHkksa dk i= iwjk fd;k FkkA muds ,d&nks fo’oluh; fe=ksa dks NksM+dj vU; jktcafn;ksa dks blesa ls ,d

v{kj Hkh Kkr ugha FkkA ,d fnu izkr%dky ds le; og i=] ftlesa dkjkxkj ds jktcafn;ksa ij gks jgs vR;kpkjksa rFkk ckjh lkgc vkfn

ds O;ogkj dk foLr`r o.kZu Fkk] gksrh ckcw us u dsoy vius gLrk{kj ds lkFk izR;qr ml dM+s igjs esa fLFkr viuh dksBjh dk Øekad

Hkh uhps fy[kdj cafn;ksa ds ckgj dke djus ds fy, tkus dh /kka/kyh esa fdlh ds gkFkksa ckgj Hkst fn;kA ijarq dkjkx`g ds ckgj Hkstus

dk vFkZ ,dne ckgj rks ugha] tSls fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkj esa FkkA ml i= dks vaneku ds ikj tkuk Fkk] tks Lo;a gh ,d izpaM dkjkxkj

FkkA m/kj Hkh ,d ljdkjh fo’oklik= ;k=h ds fyQkQs esa pksjh&fNis og i= dydŸkk esa mrjk vkSj lqjasnzukFk rd igqap x;kA ,sls fnuksa

esa] tcfd Økafrdkfj;ksa dk uke rd ysus esa cM+s&cM+s vfrjFkh] egkjFkh Fkj&Fkj dkairs Fks] rc mUgkasus og i= ^caxkyh*¹40 uked vius

lekpkj&i= esa izdkf’kr fd;kA bruk gh ugha vfirq ml ij viuh laikndh; fVIi.kh Hkh fy[khA og i= ^caxkyh* esa izdkf’kr gksrs gh

vU; i=dkjksa dks Hkh mldh vksV esa fNidj FkksM+k&cgqr fy[kus dk lkgl gqvkA var esa dkSafly esa Hkh ml laca/k esa iz’uksŸkj :i esa

ppkZ fNM+hA

40

^caxkyh* 27 vizSy] 1912 ds vad esa ;g i= izdkf’kr gqvk FkkA

156

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vaneku ls ckgj fganqLFkku esa i= Hkstuk ftruk dfBu Fkk] mruk gh ckgj ls vkSj iqu% jktuhfrd dkaM dk lekpkj fganqLFkku ls

vaneku esa ykuk vkSj gesa lwfpr djuk eqf’dy FkkA vr% bruh frdM+eckth ls tks i= Hkstk x;k Fkk] og fganqLFkku igqapk vFkok ml

O;fDr us ys tkus ds cgkus mls leqnz esa Qasd fn;k vFkok mlls Hkh vkxs mls ljdkj ds gkFkksa esa gh Fkek fn;k& os tks nks&rhu jktcanh

i= Hkstus dk Hksn tkurs Fks&bl fpark esa Mwcs Fks fd rHkh fganqLFkku dk lekpkj gekjs dkuksa rd igqapkus dk Mkd foHkkx dk dk;Z Lo;a

ckjh lkgc us gh fd;kA

ckjh lkgc dk HkM+duk

,d fnu izkr% lcdqN Bhd&Bkd gksrs gq, Hkh ckjh lkgc dkjkx`g esa Øks/k ls yky&ihys gksrs gq, vk,A izR;sd isVh vQlj dks nl&ikap]

izR;sd okWMZj dks ikap&ipkl vkSj ml canh dks] ftlij mudh d`ik&n`f”V iM+rh] vufxur xkfy;ksa dh ckSNkj djrs vkSj viuk eksVk

dkyk yV~B Bksadrs gq, egk’k; gj foHkkx esa pDdj yxkus yxsA ,slk D;k vuFkZ gks x;k\ lkjs canh flj ihVus yxsA ckjh lkgc dsoy

ngkM+rs] ^lkyk yksx! Lkkyk yksx! ge crk,axs! Rqe D;k cankscLr j[krk gS! ge lcdks eV~Vh esa feyk,axs!* ijarq og ;g ugha crk jgs Fks

fd ,slk dkSu lk igkM+ VwV iM+k gSA mudk vdkaM&rkaMo ns[kdj Hk;pfdr canh vkil esa etkd djus yxs] ^D;k gqvk bls\ dgha

du[ktwjs us rks ugha dkV fy;k\*

Ckkjh ckck ml pkyh esa pys x, tgka gksrh ckcw dks j[kk x;k Fkk vkSj fcuk fdlh dkj.k ml ij cjl iM+s+ ^^[kM+s jgks! tYnh D;ksa ugha

mBrk cs\ rqe lc >wB cksyusokyk gSA** blh rjg dh vkSj ckrsaA ;|fi vU; yksxksa dks ckjh ckck dk gksrhyky ij >qa>ykdj cjl

iM+uk Hkys gh O;FkZ izrhr gqvk gks] rFkkfi gksrhyky us Hkkai fy;k fd ;g vf/kdrj ldkj.k gh gS vkSj ckjh dks okLro esa bruk

HkM+dkusokyk dkj.k nwljk&rhljk u gksdj laHkor;k mldk Hkstk gqvk i= izdkf’kr gks tkuk gh gSA gksrhyky dks tyh&dVh lqukus ds

Ik’pkr~ ckjh us raMsy vkfn lHkh canhoku vf/kdkfj;ksa dks dBksj vkns’k fn;k fd dksbZ Hkh jktcanh ;fn ,d&nwljs ds nl ex ikl Hkh

[kM+s gksrs gq, ns[kk x;k rks rqe yksxksa dks ^rksM+ Mkywaxk* ¼vFkkZr~ dke ls fudky nwaxk½A jtcafn;ksa dks Hkkstu ds fy, nwj&nwj cSBkvks vkSj

dksbZ Hkh euq”; mlds vkl&ikl Hkh x;k rks ;kn j[kukA bl rjg cjlrs&cjlrs ?kks”k.kk djrs ckjh ogka ls x;kA tks i= dk jkt tkurs

Fks] os le> x, fd i= vo’; izdkf’kr gks pqdk gSA nks fnuksa esa gh ckr Qsy xbZ fd ckjh us mu Hknz jktcafn;ksa ds lkeus] ftUgsa

mUgksaus viuk pepk cukdj j[kk Fkk] ;g ckr mxyh fd i= izdkf’kr gks pqdk gS vkSj mlus

157

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


bl ckr dh iwNrkN dh fd ;g i= Hkstusokyk dkSu gSA mu ^Hknz* cafn;ksa us jktcafn;ksa dks vkSj ,d ckr crkbZ fd i= Hkstus tSlh

ew[kZrkiw.kZ ckr vkSj dksbZ ugha gks ldrh] D;kasfd ml i= dks izdkf’kr djus ds vijk/k esa ^caxkyh* lekpkj&i= ij vfHk;ksx pyk;k

x;k vkSj mldk Nkik[kkuk tCr dj fy;k x;kA ^bruk cM+k] nks&rhu yk[k dk ?kkVk bl gksrhyky dh ew[kZrk ls gks x;k vkSj bl rjg

ds i= Hkstus ds dkj.k vaneku ds vf/kdkjh vc ge ij cgqr gh dBksjrk ls vR;kpkj djsaxsA feF;k fo/kku djus ds vijk/k esa

gksrhyky ds naM esa Hkh vc o`f} gksxhA fdruk fuanuh; d`R; fd;k gksrhyky us! bl rjg dk;kZy; esa ckjh jktcafn;ksa dks Hk;Hkhr djus

ds fy, rjg&rjg dh ckrsa djrkA

ckjh ds Hkk”k.k dh izfr/ofu

;s Hknz jktcanh viuh rjg ls lekpkj QsykrsA ml i= esa lHkh ij fd, tkusokys vR;kpkj dh dgkuh ds lkFk&lkFk buds ¼Hknz½ Ny

dh dgkuh Hkh izdkf’kr gks xbZ Fkh vkSj vkxs volj feyus ij bl rjg i= Hkstus dh ew[kZrk djus esa bu egk’k;ksa us dHkh vkxs&ihNs

ugha ns[kkA ijarq gksrhyky dh fuank djrs gq, ckjh dk eu vuqdwy gks jgk gks rks b/kj ;g ykHk Hkh mBk;k tk, vkSj m/kj i= izdkf’kr

gksus ls caxky esa vkanksyu fNM+us ls ;fn jktcafn;ksa ds rFkk muds lkFk vius Hkh dqN d”V de gks jgs gks rks og lqfo/kk Hkh tsc esa

Mky yh tk,] ,sls f’k”V ekxZ dk voyacu Hknz yksx dj jgs FksA rHkh vU; yksxksa us ljsvke gksrh ckcw dk vfHkuanu rFkk leFkZu djus

esa vkxk&ihNk ugha ns[kkA mUgksaus mi;qZDr vk{ksiksa dk ;g mŸkj fn;k fd oSls Hkh ogka ds vf/kdkjh ;FkklaHko vf/kd&ls&vf/kd vR;kpkj

dj gh jgs FksA mls can djus dk iz;kl djuk gS rks izFker% mls lko Ztfud :i esa mtkxj djuk gksxkA ;g mik; djrs gq, d”V Hkh

gks rks mls dqy vafre ykHk ds ewY; Lo:Ik lguk gksxkA

Ikjarq ;g iz’u ek= rRdkyhu jktcafn;ksa dk gh ugha Fkk vfirq leLr jktcanh oxZ dk gh FkkA D;kasfd ;g laHkkouk izdV :i esa gh nh[k

jgh Fkh fd ml igys ny ds ckn fganqLFkku dh rRdkyhu ifjfLFkfr esa] fganqLFkkuh jktuhfr esa jktcanh tSlh laLFkk ,d lk/kkj.k ckr

cusxh vkSj og Hkh nl&chl dh ugha] lSdM+ksa&gtkjksa dh la[;k esa jktcanh vaneku esa vk,axsA ,slh fLFkfr esa igyk gh ny ;fn xjnu

rksM+ Je djuk iM+sxkA vU;Fkk ml xjnu rksM+ Je ls cpus ds la?k”kZ dk cks> mls mBkuk iM+sxk] rks fQj ge gh ml la?k”kZ dk

Jhx.ks’k djds vkxs vkusokys jktcafn;ksa dk

158

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ekxZ ;FkklaHko de daVde; D;ksa u djsa\ jktcanh oxZ dh gh fLFkfr ,oa ;ksX;rk ;FkklaHko mPpdksVh dh D;ksa u fuf’pr djok ysa\

blls Hkh vkxs ,d ix c<+dj eSa rks ;g dgwax fd vius dkjkxkjh; vfLrRo ls tks vusd drZO; vius fgLls esa vk x, gSa] muesa ,d

egŸiw.kZ dRkZO; gS&ek= jktcanh oxZ esa gh ugha vfirq Hkkjrh; dkjkx`gksa esa Hkh ;FkklaHko lq/kkj djkukA

vr% bl n`f”V ls dkjkx`g esa varckZã lq/kkj ykus ds fy, gesa ,sls i= Hkstdj gM+rky djds] vuqu; ;k izfrdkj ds lkFk vkanksyu

djuk gh gksxkA fQj O;fDrxr d”V vf/kd ;k de tSlk Hkh gks] ;FkklaHko d”V gh ykHk ls vf/kd gks] fQj Hkh ;g lkspdj fd eSaus

viuk drZO; fuHkk;k] mu d”Vksa dks lgus ds fy, rS;kj gksuk gksxkA jktcafn;ksa ij bu fopkjksa dk izHkko iM+kA os Hkh ml i{k dk izk;%

[kqYye[kqYyk leFkZu djus yxs] ftUgksaus og i= Hkstk FkkA eu ls rks lc dj gh jgs FksA

nks lIrkgksa rd ml i= ij gaxkek pykA Øks/k ds igys vkos’k ds ckn ckjh lkgc i=&izs”kd ds isV esa ?klus dk iz;kl djus yxsA ^ge

D;k djs\ fganqLFkku ljdkj ds vkns’k ls lcdqN gksrk gS* mUgksaus eq>ls dgk] ^^vkids bl ikxy gksrhyky us ^caxkyh* v[kckj dh tku

ys yhA iwjk Nkik[kkuk tCr gks x;kA** eSaus dgk] ^^HkbZ] le> esa ugha vkrk fd ,slk D;ksa gqvk\ vr% esjs fopkj ls ;g lekpkj feH;k

gksxkA ijarq ;fn lR; gks rks Hkh oRkZeku rFkk Hkfo”; ds jktcafn;ksa ds d”V Vkyus ds fy, vkSj dkexkjksa esa lq/kkj ykus ds fy, ,sls ,d

gh D;ksa] nl Nkik[kkuksa dks Hkh tCr dj fn;k tk, rks Hkh fpark ugha] og viuk drZO; gh gSA mlus og i= fy[kk gS] vr% mls nafMr

fd;k tk,A Nkis[kkuksa dks tCr djus ls D;k gksxk\**

ijarq D;k lpeqp gh og Nkik[kkuk tCr gks x;k\ ;g lekpkj dSls izkIr djsa\ geus igys gh dgk gS fd fganqLFkku esa lekpkj Hkstuk

ftruk dfBu Fkk] ogka ls dksbZ lekpkj izkIr djuk Hkh yxHkx mruk gh dfBu FkkA jktcafn;ksa dks ;g tkuus dh rhoz mRdaBk Fkh fd

vius fiz;tu D;k djrs gksaxs] ijarq mlls Hkh vf/kd rhoz mRdaBk muesa ls izk;% lHkh dks Fkh fd vius ihN Lons’k dh D;k fLFkfr gS\

Lons’kokfl;ksa dh fLFkfr dSlh gS

ml le; tks vkanksyu leLr fganqLFkku dks iz{kqC/k dj jgs Fks mudk tksj fdruk gS] viuk i{k izcy gS ;k ugha] lŸkk dk Øwj vk?kkr

lgus ds fy, ml <ky

159

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ds vkJe esa iuiusokys vU; i{k dqN dk;Z dj ik jgs gSa ;k ugha] vkfn jk”Vªh; vkSj varjjk”Vªh; lekpkj gesa dksbZ lwfpr djsxk ;k

ugha\ mls tkuus ds D;k mik; fd, tk,a\ tks jktcanh ffeyrk og nwljs ls igyk iz’u ;gh djrk] ^Lons’k dk dqN rktk lekpkj\*

,dk/k okŸkkZ feyrs gh dke dk d”V] Hkkstu dh dq:fp] fxjrk gqvk LokLF; vkfn lcdqN Hkwydj jktcafn;ksa dk ;qok eaMy nks&nks ;k

rhu&rhu dk xqV cukdj ;k lans’k nsrs ysrs iwjs fnu ml okŸkkZ dh ppkZ esa eXu gks tkrkA Lons’k ds LokLF; ,oa fodkl dh fpark muesa

ls izk;% lHkh dks lR; gh fnu&jkr mu O;fDrxr d”Vksa esa Hkh vkdqfyr djrhA fiz;re viuh fdlh fiz;k dk lekpkj izkIr djus ds

fy, ftruk mRdafBr gksrk gS] jktcanh mlls Hkh vf/kd viuh ml ekr`Hkwfe dh dksbZ lekpkj ikus ds fy, vkdqfyr jgrs] ftlds fy,

mUgksaus viuk loZLo vfiZr fd;k FkkA o`Ÿki= feyuk vlaHko] ?kj ls vkus okys i=ksa esa jktuhfr dk ,d v{kj Hkh gks rks og i= fn;k

ugha tkrkA vr% fnu&jkr ;gh fpark jgrh fd fganqLFkku dk lekpkj dSls izkIr djsaA

ijarq ,slh fLFkfr esa Hkh lk/ku ls lk/ku tksM+rs gq, dqN&u&dqN lekpkj izkIr djus esa mu jktcafn;ksa us dksbZ dlj mBk ugha j[khA

izFke lk/ku Fkk& u;k vkusokyk pkykuA gj ekg ns’k&fu”dklu dk naM izkIr lk/kkj.k ikap&ipkl cafn;ksa dh ,d&u&,d Vksyh vaneku

esa vkrh Fkh vkSj vkus ds ckn d{ke; ¼lsY;qyj½ dkjkxkj esa can dh tkrh FkhA igys lIrkg esa mudk egŸo bruk c<+rk fd teknkj

vkfn lHkh dks mudh fpjkSfj;ka djuh iM+rh] D;kasfd muesa ius xkao dk ;k viuh Hkk”kk dk Hkh dksbZ canh vk;k gks rks mlls vius

vkIrtuksa dk dqN&u&dqN rks lekpkj fudkyk tk ldrk FkkA ifjfpr vFkok O;fDr ds n’kZu ek= ls tks ,d vkReh;rk Hkjh izhfr eu

esa mRiUu gksrh gS] mldh vuqHkwfr nwj ns’k llqjky esa xbZ dU;k dks rc gksrh gksxh t cog vius ek;ds ds xkao ds vkneh dks ns[krh gS

;k og canh ;g vuqHko djrk gksxk tks Lons’k ls fu”dkflr gksdj }hikarj nj&nj HkVddj vFkok vVddj fnu O;rhr djrk gksA ml

pkyku ls vk, ml LoHkk”kh] iwoZ ifjfpr dks&gekjk eqyqdh] gekjs ns’k dk&;g mikf/k izkIr gksrhA vaneku esa ;g mikf/k eu dks vU;

lHkh mikf/k;ksa ls vf/kd e/kqj] yqHkkouh izrhr gksrh FkhA bl eqyqdhiu dh O;k[;k Hkh vko’;drko’k cgqr dh foLr`r gks xbZ FkhA vius

xkao dk og viuk&ml xaok: Hkkouk dh txg vius izns’k dk vkSj fo’ks”kdj viuh Hkk”kk cksyusokyk og Lons’kh;] vius eqyqd dk ;g

lgt gh ekuk tkus yxkA fdlh vuIk<+ vNwr dks Hkh ejkBh ;k caxyk Hkk”kk cksyrs gq, ns[kdj ogka dk czkã.k Hkh mls viuk Lons’kh;]

viuk eqyqdh le>dj mlls izseiwoZd ckrphr djrk] mldh lgk;rk djrkA rc

160

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dksbZ Hkh ;g ckr lgt le> ysrk fd fganqLFkku esa HkkSxksfyd foHkkxksa ls vf/kd orZeku fLFkfr esa Hkk”kk&foHkkx fdl rjg LokHkkfod gSA

izR;sd pkyku vkus ds Ik’pkr~ mu uokxr cafn;ksa ls vU; canh ls vius&vius ?kjckj rFkk vkIr Lodh;ksa ds ckjs esa iwNrkN djrs] ij

jktcafn;ksa dk igyk iz;kl ;g jgk fd lkoZtfud [kcj D;k gS] ;g muls tkusaA

pkyku ds yksx vf’kf{kr vkSj jktuhfr dk uke Hkh u tkuusokys Fks] vFkkZr~ muls lglk Lons’k dh lkoZtfud okŸkkZ ugha fey ikrh FkhA

dsoy ,dk/k cM+k jktuhfrd vfHk;ksx] ;fn og mlh le; vkSj mlh vnkyr esa py jgk gks] tc os idM+s x, Fks vFkok fganqLFkku esa os

ftl canhx`g esa Fks] mlesa ;fn os jktcanh gksa rks mudk vFkok muds }kjk Hksts x, lekpkj dh laf{kIr tkudkjh] nks ckrksa ls lac af/kr

tkudkjh] rks pkykuokys VwVh&QwVh Hkk”kk esa vFkok vLi”V :i ls crkrs] mlesa lkSHkkX; ls dksbZ f’kf{kr canh Hkh dHkh&dHkkj fudy vkrk

FkkA fQj rks mldh egŸkk ,oa d”Vksa ds laca/k esa D;k dgus! D;kasfd tgka&tgka og tkrk] ogka&ogka jktcanh xqipqi vFkok lans’kks a dk

vknku&iznku djrs gq, ^lekpkj! Lekpkj!* iwNrs&iwNrs mlds dku [kkrs jgrsA mldh vuqu;&fou; djrsA jktcanh mldk dke Hkh

vius gkFkksa esa eqaxjh ysdj fNydk dwVdj xqipqi dj nsrs] rkfd og izlUu gksdj eu%iwoZd lekpkj crk nsaA ijarq Hkys gh f’kf{kr gks]

rFkkfi bl rjg ds lk/kkj.k canh dks Hkyk jktuhfr dh fdruh tkudkjh gks ldrh gS\ ^D;ksa th] Lons’k dk veqd vkanksyu dSlk jax yk

jgk gS\* jktcafn;ksa ds bl mRlqd iz’u dks izk;% ^dqN ugha] b/kj&m/kj gj txg ‘kkafr&gh&’kkafr gSA ^;gh f?klk&fiVk mŸkj feyrk] ftlls

mu mRdV ns’kHkDrksa ds Hkkoqd eu ‘kksdeXu gks tkrsA bu lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dks Hkh ;fn dksbZ lekpkj Lo;aLQrZ :i ls laHko gksrk rks og

fdlh cM+s jktuhfrd usrk dks idM+us dh vFkok ^ckn’kkg vk jgk gS*] ^fnYyh eesa cM+k mRlo gqvk* vFkok ^,d cM+k lkgc ekjk x;k*

bl rjg nks&pkj izdkkj dh iz{kksHkd ?kVukvksa dh tkudkjh nsrkA D;kasfd bu ?kVukvksa dh okŸkkZ,a nkokuy dh rjg vius vki HkM+d

mBrh rFkk HkM+dkrh gqbZ cktkjksa esa QSyrhA ‘ks”k jk”Vªh; lHkk vFkok dkSafly vFkok Lons’kh izpkj vFkok vU; ?kVukvksa ls lacaf/kr ckrsa

ux.;A ;s ckrsa mudh le> ls ijs FkhA vFkkZr~ ;g fLFkfr izFke pkj&ikap o”kksZa dh gSA vkxs fdlh rjg varj vkrk jgk] og ckn esa

crk;k tk,xkA

lekpkj izkIr djus ds fy, pkyku ds bl lk/ku dh ,d&nks ;qfDr;kas ds mnkgj.k dFkuh; gSaA dqN yksxksa dks vaneku ds fy, izLFkku

djrs le; fganqLFkku ds jktcanh feyrs rks os vaneku Hksts x, vius dqN ^vfHk;qDrksa* dks vFkkZr~ muds vfHk;ksx esa gh naM izkIr gksdj

vaneku Hksts x, vius lgvfHk;qDrksa dks dHkh ,dk/k

161

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


egŸoiw.kZ lans’k Hkstrs] rks dHkh ifjfpr u gksrs gq, Hkh vaneku esa tks fo[;kr jktcanh Fks] muds izfr HkfDr ls izsfjr gksdj mUgsa

izek.k&i= Hkstus ds fy, vU; dksbZ lk/ku miyC/k u gksus ds dkj.k fdlh lk/kkj.k iqLrd dk] tks canh ds ikl gksrh vkoj.k cukdj

mlesa i= fNikdj Hkstrs FksA

fcYys ds ihNs i=

dHkh&dHkh iqLrd dh bl ;qfDr ls vf/kdkjh ds vPNh rjg ls ifjfpr gksus ds dkj.k tks ydM+h dk vFkok yksgs dk fcYyk gj canh ds

xys esa yVdk gksrk Fkk] mlds ihNs v{kj fy[kdj i= jokuk fd, tkrsA ,d ckj eq>s iatkc ds ,d egkiq:”k ds ;qok iq= us iatkc ds

dkjkx`g ls bl rjg fcYys ds ihNs fy[kk i= Hkstk FkkA og Økafrdkjh “kM~;a= ds dsl esa ikap&lkr o”kksZa dk naM Hkqxr jgk FkkA ftl canh

ds xys essa og fcYyk Fkk] iatkc ls izLFkku djds vaneku es a eq>ls feyus rd mldh ipkl ckj [kwc ryk’kh yh xbZ gksxhA ijarq fdlh

dks jŸkh Hkj Hkh lansg ugha gqvk fd mlds xys esa YkVds ml fcYys ds ihNs i= fy[kk gksxkA ml canh us] og i= f?kl&f?kldj feV u

tk, blfy,] og ind tru ls j[krs gq, vaneku dkjkx`g esa vkrs gh eq> lkSai fn;kA eSaus i<+dj iksaN fn;k vkSj og fcYyk okil

ykSVk;kA bl rjg ds mik;ksa ls pkyku }kjk ;FkklaHko lkoZtfrd lekpkj izkIr djus dk lrr iz;kl pyrk jgrk FkkA ijarq ,d eghus

esa vkusokyh lOkZFkk v{kj’k=q] vui<+ cafn;ksa dh bl Vksyh }kjk dqN vf/kd egŸoiw.kZ lekpkj izkIr gksuk dfBu gh gksus ds dkj.k ;g

le>us dh fd Lons’k dh gkyr dSlh gS] jktcafn;ksa dh ftKklk vr`Ir gh jgrhA mldh iwfrZ dk vU; mik; Fkk dkjkx`g esa lekpkj&i=

eaxokukA vFkkZr~ ;g lcls vf/kd /kks[ks dk ,oa dfBu ekxZ FkkA ftl dky dh ge tkudkjh ns jgs gSa] ml dky esa dkjkx`g esa ,d ckj

pksjh ls gkFkh vk ldrk Fkk vkSj idM+s tkus ij fcuk vuqefr ykus ds vijk/k esa ml canh dks {kek Hkh dj fn;k tkrk] ijarq o`Ÿki=

vkSj Hkkjrh; o`Ÿki= dh ijjph Hkh Hkhrj ugha vk ldrh Fkh] u gh bl vijk/k ds fy, {kek feyrh FkhA ,slh voLFkk esa o`Ÿki= u

lgh fdarq mlds vaxqyh Hkj ds VqdM+s dks ykus ds fy,] tSlkfd ihNs dgk x;k gS] dbZ yksxksa us xkM+h [khapus ds dke ds fy, Hkh euk

ugha fd;kA dkjkx`g dk lHkh dwM+k&djdV Hkjdj tks xkfM+;ka ckgj tkrh] muds lkFk mUgsa [khaprs gq, tkuk iM+rk FkkA ckgj xksjs

vf/kdkfj;ksa dh dksfB;kas ls jn~nh]xans] iqjkus dSls Hkh gksa] oŸki=ksa ds VqdM+s dwM+s ds lkFk ckgj Qasds tkrsA muesa ls tYnh&tYnh nks&pkj

pqudj xkM+h ds r[rksa eas vFkok lkeku esa Bwal ysuk gksrk FkkA vkrs&tkrs fQj mu VqdM+ksa dks i<+ukA buls gh cM+k etk vkrkA ,dk/k

VqdM+k

162

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fdlh ,fMucjks’kk;j ds fdlh xzkeh.k i= dk] dksbZ VqdM+k fØdsV ds fy, lefiZr i= dk] dksbZ fdlh chHkRl miU;kl dk rks dksbZ lu~

vBkjg lkS lŸkj lky ds i= dkA fdlh esa twrs yisVs] rks fdlh esa vaMs cka/ks gq,] fdlh esa /kksch ds diM+sA ijarq mu VqdM+ksa dks i<+uk!

dgha fganqLFkku dk uke vFkok izpfyrdkyhu yanu dk rkj vFkok ^cacbZ VkbEl* dk VqdM+k fn[kk rks cM+h vk’kk ls ns[krs fd dgha viu s

ns’k dk ;k orZeku jktuhfr dk dksbZ lekpkj rks ugha gS\

ijnslh Mkd

;gh xkM+h ls vkusokyh ijnslh Mkd vFkkZr~ dkjkx`g ds ckgj ls pksjh&fNis yk, x, lekpkj&i=kas ds ;s VqdM+s] dHkh&dHkh vpkud

rktk lekpkj igqapk nsrs FksA dHkh ^yanu VkbEl* ds oSysaVkbu dk Økafrdkfj;ksa ds fo:} ys[k rks dHkh jk”Vªh; lHkk dk v/;{kh; Hkk”k.kA

eq>s Lej.k gS ,d fnu tc bUgha ckgjh xkM+hokuksa dks rwrhdksfju ds vfHk;ksx dh tkudkjhokyk ,d LraHk ¼Column½fey x;k rc mUgksaus fdruh mRdaBrkiwoZd og ykdj gesa fn;k] flQZ blh fopkj ls fd os lekpkj gesa ns ldsa vkSj bl rjg os jktcafn;ksa dh

d`rKrk izkIr dj ldsaA mu cspkjksa dks ,slk izrhr gksrk fd eghuksa xkM+h [khapus ds Je dk ifjgkj gks x;kA ^ijnslh Mkd* ds lekpkj

nsus dh izeq[k laLFkk Fkh xksjksa dk ‘kkSpx`gA m/kj muds jkst ds ^VkbEl* vkfn i= i<+dj Qasds gq, vFkok VqdM+s fd, gq, j[ks tkrsA dksbZ

HkaMkjh] tks bl v[kaM HkaMkj dh ns[kHkky djrk] bu i=ksa dks dwM+s esa Qasdok nsrk vkSj ge mUgsa i<+ ysrsA

dHkh&dHkh ^ijnslh Mkd* ds lkFk Lons’kh Mkd dh Hkh lgk;rk feyrhA dkjkxkj ds dkj[kkus esa NksVh&cM+h dhysa] fcjath vkfn lkeku

fdlh iqjkus lekpkj&i= esa yisVdj j[kk tkrk FkkA mu VqdM+ks vo’; mBkrkA og dHkh&dHkh rks bruk xank] eSyk&dqpyk gksrk fd mls

dwM+s ds <sj esa ls vFkok ukyh esa ls nks iryh ydfM+;ksa dh lgk;rk ls fudkyuk iM+rkA ydfM+;kas ls gh mls QSykuk iM+rk vkSj i<+uk

iM+rkA ijarq ml n’kk esa Hkh mls i<s+ fcuk jgk ugha tkrk FkkA ,d ckj xks[kys ds f’k{kk izLrko ls mith fujk’kk Ikj fy[kk ,d lqanj

va’k ,sls gh eSys&dqpys dkxt dh ijph ij i<+us dk Lej.k eq>s gS vkSj ;g Hkh Lej.k gS fd xks[kys og f’k{kk izLrko yk, gSa] bldk

ns’k esa Kkuke`r ds eqDr I;kÅ [kqys gksaxsA dksbZ fey [kqy xbZ] fdlh paqxh dks gVk;k x;k] dksbZ vfHk;kx pyk] dksbZ naxk gks x;kA dksbZ

Økafrdkjh vk?kkr&izR;k?kkr dk nunukrk foLQksV mBk] dksbZ ubZ iqLrd fy[kh xbZ] fdlh u, dfo dk

163

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


mn; gks x;k] pkgs NksVk gks ;k cM+k] ,slk lekpkj lquus ds fy, ftlds ;ksx ls fpjfojfgr ekr`Hkwfe ds LokLF; rFkk fodkl dh

dqN&u&dqN tkudkjh izkIr gks] jktcafn;ksa ds izk.k fuR; fu;fer :i ls ykykf;r jgrs FksA bl rjg ds [kafMr lekpkj tksM+&tksM+dj

mudh ppkZ djrs gq, ml dBksj dkjkx`g esa gs fganqLFkku] rqEgkjs fy, rqels Nhudj nwj Hksts gq, ;s ;qod rqEgkjh fpark djrs jgrs gSaA

viuh ‘kkjhfjd ihM+k dk Hkh mUgsa foLej.k gksrk gSA os jktcanh viuh ekr`Hkwfe dk gkFk Fkkers gq, mldh ukM+h dh /kM+duksa dk ijh{k.k

djrs vkSj mlls mlds LokLF; laca/kh fparkrqj g”kZ&fo”kkn dk vuqHko djrs gq, vaneku esa dky;kiu djrs gSaA

lekpkjksa dk ,d vkSj ekxZ

pkyku vkSj dwM+kMkd ds vfrfjDr lekpkj izkIr djus dk rhljk mik; ckgj ds dqN lgkuqHkwfr j[kusokys Hkkjrh; lTtuksa ds ikl mu

NksVs&cM+s vf/kdkfj;kas dks Hkstuk Fkk] tks dkjkx`g ds dkedkt fuiVkdj ckgj tkrs FksA ckgj ds lgkuqHkwfr j[kusokys mu yksxksa esa

lekpkj&i= i<+usokys vui<+ fe=ksa esa izk;% bruh ckSf}d ‘kfDr ugha gksrh Fkh fd okŸkkZ ekSf[kd :i esa Hkhrj yk ldsaA lekpkj fy[kdj

nsus vkSj ys vkus dk lkgl djusokyk gtkjksa esa bDdk&nqDdk gh gksrk FkkA ij fdlh us oSlk fd;k] ;g Kkr gksrs gh mu ckgjokyksa dks

,sls vR;kpkjksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk fd de&ls&de eSa rks dHkh mUgsa ;g dk;Z djus ds fy, ugha dgrkA ijarq ,slh fodV voLFkk esa

Hkh vkSj ml ^ikuh ds mifuos’k* esa Hkh dqN ,sls egkHkkx fudys] tks bl izdkj dk lkgl djds jktcafn;ksaa dks ,dk/k egŸoiw.kZ o`Ÿki=h;

VqdM+k Hkstus rFkk mls ysdj Hkhrj vkus dh fgEer djrsA ,sls lkglh yksxksa dks dHkh&dHkh idM+s tkus ij dM+s&ls&dM+s naM feyrs]

ukSdjh NwVrh] ijarq fQj Hkh dksbZ&u&dksbZ lkgl djrk gh FkkA jktcafn;ksa dh laxr ls rFkk mins’k ls TkSls&tSls ns’kHkfDr ds cht

lk/kkj.k turk rFkk canh txr~ ds eu esa tM+ idM+rs x, oSls&oSls gh ;g lkgl lsok vkSj drZO; ls izsfjr gksus yxkA ijarq izFke

nks&rhu o”kksaZ esa o`Ÿki= dk bruk lk VqdM+k ykus ds fy, cafn;ksa ds lkeus cgqr ukd jxM+uh iM+rh] dbZ ckj mUgsa izyksHku fn[kkus dh

dksbZ vU; ‘kfDr u gksus ls jktcanh viuh jksVh mls nsdj Lo;a Hkw[ks jgrs] ftlls la/;k rd Lons’k dk de&ls&de ,dk/k lans’k rks lqu

ldsaA

dHkh dkjkxkj dh nhokjksa ij ls Qsadh gqbZ rks dHkh ukyh esa ckgj ls ?kqlsM+h gqbZ vkSj dHkh ukyh esa Hkhrj ls gkFk Mkydj fudkyh gqbZ]

,slh vusd ;qfDr;ksa ls VqdM+s tekdj mUgsa i<+k tkrkA buds vfrfjDr ,d vkSj ekXkZ ;g Fkk fd fdlh

164

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vf/kdkjh ds eq[k ls xyrh ls vFkok lgkuqHkwfro’k dksbZ lekpkj fudy tkrkA bl ekXkZ ls dHkh&dHkh Lo;a ckjh lkgc Hkh laoknnkrk dk

dke dj nsrs FksA ijarq mudk ojnku fuR; gh vfHk’kkixfHkZr gksrk FkkA ckjh lkgc ,sls lekpkj ysdj Lo;a gekjs ikl ekuks midkj

djus i/kkjrs] tks fganqLFkku ds fy, izfrdwy vkSj jktcafn;ksa dks vius i{k dh fucZyrk rFkk viuh vk’kk&vkdka{kkvksa dh foQyrk dk

vuqHko djkusokys gksrs] ftlls muds mRlkg ij ikyk iM+s vkSj os gekjh izfrfØ;kvksa dks viuh Mk;jh esa uksV dj ysrsA ijarq fQj Hkh

lekpkj nsus ds fy, ge mUgsa /kU;okn gh nsrs] D;kasfd vuqdwy lekpkj Jo.k djuk lgt gh izhfrdj gksus ds ckotqn ohjksa dk drZO;

gS fd os vius fiz; dk izfrdwy lekpkj gh Jo.k djsaA vuqdwy lekpkj ls izhfr dh rqf”V gksrh gS rks izfrdwy lekpkj ls Hkqtkvksa e s a

HkfDr rFkk /kS;Z dk LQqj.k gksrk gS vkSj ml izfrdwy dh pisV ls izse dks eqDr djus gsrq vius izk.kksa dh vkgqfr nsus ds fy, Hkh ohjrk

lTt gksrh gSA vkxs bl ckr ds dqN mnkgj.k vk,axs fd bl rjg ds izfrdwy lekpkj ckjh lkgc fdl rjg nsrs vkSj fnyokrsA

Li”Vhdj.k gsrq ;gka ,d gh mnkgj.k i;kZIr gSA fo[;kr ns’kHkDr xks[kys ds LoxZoklh gksus dk lekpkj tc eSa ‘kke dk Hkkstu dj jgk

Fkk rc ckjh lkgc us dkjkxkj esa vkdj eq>s fn;k&^^Well, you always want news, Mr. Savarkar, here is something for you,

Gokhale is dead.**¼lkojdj] vki ges’kk dqN lekpkj izkIr djuk pkgrs jgrs gSa u! rks fyft,] lekpkj ;g gS fd xks[kys LoXkZoklh

gks x,A¹41½

xks[kys dk fu/ku

{k.k Hkj dks eq>s fo’okl gh ugha gks jgk Fkk& bruk vizR;kf’kr lekpkj Fkk ogA esjs eq[ ls nq%[kksn~xkj fudyrs ns[k ckjh us dgk] ijarq

os vkids fojks/kh Fks u\** eSaus dgk] ^^uk&uk] eSaus mUgha ds egkfo|ky; esa f’k{kk ikbZ gSA gk a] erHksn gksaxs] fojks/k ughaA gekjs fganqLFkku

dh bl ih<+h ds os ,d fuLlhe ns’kizeh rFkk ns’klsod FksA** ijarq ckjh us dgk] ^^ vkids vfHk;ksx esa vkids }kjk muds fo:} “kM~; a=

jpus dk izek.k lkeus vk jgk Fkk u\ vkSj mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd tc rd vki idM+s ugh a tkrs] fganqLFkku esa veu rFkk ‘kkafr izLFkkfir

djuk vlaHko gSA** eSaus mŸkj fn;k] ^^ml laca/k esa nardFkkvksa ij fo’okl djuk O;FkZ gSA ge nksuksa esa ijLij ppkZ gks pqdh gS vkSj ml

ppkZ ds le; mifLFkr ,d lTtu Hkh tkurs gSa fd ge nksuksa ds eu esa ijLij vknj vkSj iwT; Hkkouk FkhA ns’kfgr dh n`f”V ls gks

ldrk gS] mUgsa esjk ekxZ Lohdkj ugha gksA ijarq blls mudh ns’kHkfDr dh egŸkk tjk Hkh de ugha gksrh

41

19 Qjojh] 1915

165

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vkSj “kM~;a= ds ckjs esa iwNuk gks rks os Lo;a gh dgsaxs fd baXySaM esa muds ,d&nks fojks/kh Hkk”k.kksa ls iz{kqC/k gksdj ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds dqN

usrk xqIr cSBd esa tc muij vkØe.k dh ckr dgus yxs rc mu veaxy fopkjksa dk rhoz fojks/k djds eSaus mUgsa le>k;k Fkk fd lPph

erfHkUurk ds dkj.k fdlh ij Hkh vkØe.k djuk] vkSj og Hkh Lotuksa ij] ?kksj ikrd gSA ;g lpeqp gh vR;kpkj gksxk vkSj ml

izLrko dks eSaus ikfjr ugha gksus fn;kA ;fn izR;sd fganw xks[kys tSlk gh ns’kizseh rFkk ns’klsod gks rks Hkh!!** gekjh ;g ckrphr ckjh us

;FkkØe fy[kdj j[kh FkhA dkykarj esa eSaus ,d ckj og fVIi.kh ns[khA mlesa ckjh lkgc us lk’p;Z ,d ckr fy[kh Fkh vkSj ogh ckr os

vU;= Hkh djrs Fks fd ^Åij&Åij fdruh gh fHkUurk D;kas u gks] fdruk Hkh fojks/k D;ksa u gks fQj Hkh ;s lHkh egkjk”Vªh; var%dj.k ls

,d gSaA*

;g ckr Lej.k djrs le; eq>s ,d egku~ ns’kHkDr dh blh rjg dh ,d mfDr dk Lej.k gks jgk gSA og ckr tc eSa baXySaM esa Fkk

rc ykyk gjn;ky us dgh Fkh] os iq.ks esa fryd ls feyus x, FksA mlds Ik’pkr~ vius izfr} anh xks[kys ls Hkh feyus x,A fganqLFkku esa os

loZ= fofHkUu izfr}anh usrkvksa ls Hkh feyrs jgsA ml le; mUgsa izR;sd foi{kh }kjk ijLij dh tkusokyh fuank lquuh iM+rh FkhA ijarq

fryd vkSj xks[kys us gjn;ky tSls gksugkj rFkk rstLoh ;qod dks ns’klsok ds vius&vius ekXkZ ds fy, vuqdwy djus dk iz;kl djrs

gq, Hkh ,d&nwljs ds izfr vknj Hkko gh iznf’kZr fd;kA frydth us dgk] ^,d ckj xks[kys ls Hkh fey yhft,* vkSj xks[kys us Hkh dgk]

^vki frydth ds ;gka Bgjs gSa\ ;g vPNk gh fd;kA eSa tkurk gwa] ;qok ih<+h mUgha ds gkFkksa esa tkusokyh gSA* ;g fdLlk lqukrs gq,

gjn;ky dgrs] ^ijk, tuksa ds lkeus [kM+s jgrs gh gees ,drk dh Hkkouk tkxzr gksrh gSA*

ge ,d lkS ikap

,drk dh ,slh Hkkouk vU; izkarksa dh vis{kk egjk”Vª esa vf/kd gSA eSaus dbZ ckj vuqHko fd;k gS fd vkilh dyg jk”Vªh; dk;Z esa Hkwyus

dh dyk egkjk”Vªh; usrkvksa dks vU; yksxksa ls vf/kd lk/; gks xbZ gSA

mijfyf[kr vusd vkifŸk;ksa dks bl rjg ds vusd mik;ksa ls nwj djrs&djrs jktcanh izFke nks&rhu o”kZ egr~ iz;kl ls fganqLFkku ds

lekpkj ykus dh rFkk vaneku ds lekpkj fganqLFkku esa igqapkus dh O;oLFkk djrs jgrs FksA vkxs&vkxs mudh ogka dh fLFkfr esa tSls&tSls

lq/kkj vkus yxk vkSj ‘kfDr c<+rh xbZ] oSls&oSls fganqLFkku ls i=kpkj pkyw j[kus ds ;s lk/ku vf/kd ifj.kkedkjd gksus yxs vkSj muesa

u, lk/kuksa

166

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dh Hkh o`f} gks xbZ] mldh laf{kIr tkudkjh ;FkkØe vkxs vk,xhA

bl rjg FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa jktcafn;ksa dks fuf’pr tkudkjh fey xbZ fd gksrhyky dk i= izdkf’kr djus ls ^caxkyh* Nkik[kkuk tCr gks

x;k vkfn lekpkj ckjh us dsoy jktcafn;ksa dks Mjkus ds fy, viuh tsc ls fudkys Fks vkSj mlus vius yksxksa ds }kjk QSyk, FksA FkksM+s

fnuksa ckn ml izdkf’kr ^caxkyh* o`Ÿki= dk VqdM+k Hkh gesa dkjkx`g esa ns[kus dks feykA ;g lekpkj fd eq>s dksYgw dk cSy cuk;k x;k

gS] izFker% blh le; fganqLFkku esa izdkf’kr gqvkA og fdlh us ckn esa vesfjdk igqapk;kA ogka^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds lnL;ksa us ml lekpkj

fd ^eSa dksYgw esa tksrk x;k gwa* dk dYiuk fp= fudkydj vkSj mls izdkf’kr dj ml ijps dks gtkjksa dh la[;k esa caVok;kA mldk ogka

ds Hkkjrh; yksxksa ij D;k izHkko iM+k] og ykgkSj ¼iatkc½ “kM~;a= ds yksx tc vaneku vk,] ml le; ds o.kZu esa feysxkA

167

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&14

1911 ds jkT;kjksg.k lekjksg dh ijNkbZ

tSlkfd ihNs dgk x;k gS] gksrhyky dk i= fganqLFkku esa izdkf’kr gksus ls vf/kdkfj;ksa esa [kycyh ephA mlds vkxs&ihNs gh ,d xi ;g

QSy xbZ fd jktcafn;ksa dh vk’kk,a vpkud loZFkk Qfyr gksaxhA ;g Hkh xi QSy xbZ fd baXYkSaM esa jkT;jksg.k ds ckn tkWtZ fganqLFkku

vk,axsA lekjksg laIkUu gksxk vkSj vk’p;Ztud ckr ;g fd ml jkT;kjksg.k lekjksg dh izlUurk esa lHkh jktcanh&^eSa* Hkh& eqDr gks

tk,axsA

eqfDr dh vk’kk

lw[ks esa vR;ar {kqf/kr yksxksa ds >qaM tgka&tgka fHk{kk ekaxus ds fy, bdV~Bs fd, tkrs gSa ogka&ogka ;s ‘kCn lqurs gh fd fHk{kk vk xbZ]

mudh vkRek esa tks NVIkVkgV gksrh gS vkSj bl fpark ls fd eq>s feyus ls igys gh dgha fHk{kk [kRe rks ugha gks tk,xh] muds izk.k tSls

mM+us yxrs gSa] Bhd oSlh gh voLFkk ^tqcyh gksxh* ‘kCnksa ds lkFk&lkFk gh eqfDr gksxh] vFkok de&ls&de NwV feysxh] tSlh xi ls

canhokuksa dh gksrh gSA ;gka&ogka gj jkst ;g ckr QSy tkrh gS vkSj gj fdlh ds eq[k izQqfYyr fn[kkbZ nsus yxrs gSaA izR;sd canh tkurk

gS fd bl mRlo ds le; tks uke tk,axs muesa mldk Øekad] mldk uke gksuk u gksuk vius canhoklh; vkpj.k ij voyafcr gSA ;g

izR;sd dks Kkr gksus ls gj canh vf/kdkfj;ksa dh pkiywlh djus yxrk gSA vR;ar d”Vizn dke Hkh fcuk vkifŸk ds pqipki gksus yxrs

gSaA vf/kdkjh Hkh dke c<+kdj bl volj dk iwjk&iwjk ykHk mBkrs gSaA canh ds vkxs izyksHku txexkrk gS] vc FkksM+s fn ugh rks ckdh

gSa] tqcyh vk jgh gS] rqEgkjk uke ge ljdkj dks Åij Hkstus okys gSaA vk’kknk;h okrkoj.k esa ^tqcyh mRlo vk jgk gS* tSls lp&>wB

mBus dh nsjh gS fd lkjs canhtuksa dk og eghuk&Ms<+ eghuk cMs+ vkuan ls O;rhr gksusokyk gSA ;g ckr iDdh gS fd vaneku ds bu

cafn;ksa dks] ftUgsa

168

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vktUe dkysikuh dk naM gqvk vkSj dqN vlaHkouh; ?kVuk ?kfVr gksus ds flok; ?kj tkus dh] thou esa fQj ls Lora=rk dk lq[k Hkksxus

dh dqN Hkh vk’kk ‘ks”k u gks] fdlh vlaHkouh; ?kVuk dh gh vkl yxh jgrh gSA

mRlo

mRlo gksusokyk gS] vlaHkkO; ?kVuk dk ,slk dksbZ Hkh lekpkj vkrs gh mudh vk’kk LokHkkfod gh ml ?kVuk dh vlaHkkO;rk dh vis{kk

mldh vuqdwyrk dh vksj gh vf/kd vkdf”kZr gksrh RkFkk muds fo’okl dks Hkh vius lkFk vkdf”kZr djrh] vr% gj nks&rhu o”kksZa ds

varjky ls ^mRlo gksusokyk gS* tSlh xi mM+k nh tkrhA vc nq%[k dh vf/kdrk rFkk fujk’kk ls ikxy cus canh ml xi ds feF;k fl}

gksus rd ml ij fo’okl djrs gq, de&ls&de rc rd fdafpr~ lq[k esa dqN fnu O;rhr djrs A ;g Øe fujarj pyrk jgrkA vk’p;Z

;g gS fd ;s lekpkj ckj&ckj >qByk, tkrs] fQj Hkh oSls lekpkj mM+k, tkrs gh yksx iwoZor~ muij fo’okl djrs vkSj fdlh us Hkh

fujk’kk ds lkxj esa Mwcrs gq, mu yksxksa dks crk;k fd ftlesa rqe Hkh yVduk pkgrs gks] og bl mRlo dh xi Hkh ek= dYiuktU;

frudk gS] rks bl rjg mudh vk’kk Hkax djus ls mUgsa Øks/k vk tkrkA

;|fi geus Lo;a bl ckr dk vuqHko fd;k gS fd ?kksj ladV ls eqfDr feyuk vlaHko gS] fQj Hkh ogh fujk’kk dh ckr fdlh nwljs }kjk

crk, tkus ls vFkok Lo;a ds vuqHko djus ls dh ml ladV ls eqDr gksus dh dksbZ Hkh xi loZFkk fujFkZd gS] eqfDr dh bruh lh Hkh

vk’kk ugha gSA dksbZ vU; O;fDr ;gh trk, fd ;g xi vkSj vk’kk Hkze gS] rks ml O;fDr ij gh viuh fujk’kk dk Øks/k mrkjuk rFkk

mlhij larq”V jguk ekuo eu dk LoHkko gh gSA gkbZdksVZ esa ,d vktUe dkjkokl dk naM gksus ds Ik’pkr~ tc ge ij nwljk vfHk;ksx

pyk;k x;k rc gekjh euksnsoh gels dgrh& vc bl vfHk;ksx esa fuU;kuosa izfr’kr Qkalh dk naM fn;k tk,xk vkSj ge e`R;q dk

vkfyxau djus ds fy, vius eu dks RkS;kj dj jgs FksA ijarq ,d ckj ,d vf/kdkjh] tks gels lgkuqHkwfr j[krs Fks] Mksaxjh ds dkjkxkj

esa feyus vk, vkSj mUgksaus dgk fd vcdh ckj vkidks Qkalh gh gksxh] rc eu&gh&eu ge ml lTtu ij Øksf/kr gks gh x,A gesa

vkt Hkh Lej.k gS fd foosd dh lgk;rk ls gesa ml Øks/k ij fdl rjg fu;a=.k djuk iM+kA

iwoZ izlax dh bUgha Le`fr;ksa ds dkj.k dBksj RkFkk fujk’kkizo.k cus gekjs eu ij bl lekpkj fd fd jkT;kjksg.k ds miy{; esa laiUu

mRlo esa gesa laiw.kZ eqfDr feysxh] dqN fo’ks”k ugha gqvkA ijarq vU; jktcafn;ksa dk mYykl <k<sa ekjus

169

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


yxk FkkA izR;sd jktcanh eu ds yM~Mw [kkus yxk fd vc og ?kj tk,xk] tkus ds Ik’pkr~ D;k djsxkA bruk gh ugha] jsy ds fdl ekxZ

ls og dgka tk,xk] og ;gka rd vuqeku djus yxkA mlesa Hkh db;ksa dks vkthou dkykikuh] rks db;ksa dk s 14] 10] 7 o”kksaZ dk

Hkkjh&Hkkjh naM fn;k x;k Fkk vkSj ml naM ds fy, ljdkj us yk[kksa :i, [kpZ fd, Fks] ftls vHkh iwjs Ms<+&nks o”kZ Hkh ugha gq, FksA

bruh vYikof/k eas brus iSlkas ij rFkk d”Vksa dh dekbZ ij ikuh Qsjdj muds leku Hk;adj le>s tkusokys yksxksa dks bruh lgtrk ds

lkFk canhx`g ds }kj [kksydj pkgs tgka D;ksadj tkus fn;k tk,xk\ eq>s ;g ugha yx jgk Fkk] rFkkfi vk;jySaM] bVyh] :l vkfn

mnkgj.kksa ls eSaus ;g Hkh fn[kk;k fd jktuhfrd bfrgkl esa bl izdkj dh vlaHkkO; ?kVuk,a Hkh laHkouh; gksrh gSaA ;|fi euq”; dks

loZFkk fujk’k dHkh ugha gksuk pkfg, rFkkfi o`Fkk vkl j[kus ls u j[kuk gh deZ;ksxk ekxZ esa vf/kd Js;Ldj gS] cfYd og vf/kd

lq[kdj Hkh gksrk gSA vr% ;gh vkl eu esa latks, j[kuk fd gesa ;gha ij ;g d”V ml dky rd] tc rd fuf’pr vof/k dFku

djuk vlaHko gS] lguk iM+sxkA rn~uq:i eu dks rS;kj djks] ;gh eSa vius jktuhfrd lgrkfi;ksa dks ckj&ckj dgrk jgkA ijarq fdlh

Hkh rjg ls mudh mRdaBk rFkk ;g fopkj fd ge vc vo’; eqDr gksaxsA jŸkh Hkj Hkh de ugha gks jgk FkkA tSlkfd Åij o.kZu fd;k

gS] muesa ls dbZ tu esjs bl fujk’kktud] nq%[kh Hkfo”; dFku ij Øq} Hkh gksrs FksA iqu% db;ksa dk fo’okl vjfoan ckcw dh ,d

Hkfo”;ok.kh dk vkJ; fy;s gq, FkkA vjfoan ckcw dks tc eqfDr feyh Fkh rc mudh vksj ftUgsa muds lkFk dBksj dkjkokl rFkk }hikarj

ds vktUe naM gks x, Fks] eqM+dj vfHk;qDr ds fiatjs ls ckgj fudyrs&fudyrs mUgkasus dgk Fkk] ^^tkvks ;qod] rqEgsa vkt eqfDr ugha

feyh] fpark ugha( rhu o”kksZa ds vanj&vanj gh rqe lc okil ykSVksxs!**

vjfoan ckcw dk d`”.k&n’kZu

vjfoan ckcw dks dkjkx`g esa d`”.k&n’kZu gqvk FkkA vr% bu lHkh yksxksa dk n`<+ fo’okl Fkk fd mudh ^Hkfo”;ok.kh* lR; fl} gksxhA

vPNk] Hkfo”;ok.kh ds vuqlkj caxkyh ^ce&xksysokys* eqDr gks x, rks fQj lkekU; rdZ ls Hkh ;g fl} gksrk gS fd vkxjk&iatkc dh

vksj ds ys[kuhokys Hkh eqDr gksaxs vkSj bruh lkjh lsuk ds eqDr gksus ij dsoy rhu egkjk”Vªh; Økafrdkfj;ksa dks gh dkSu Bwaldj j[ksxk\

vFkkZr~ lHkh jktcanh eqDr gksaxsA lHkh dk ;gh fu’p; gks x;kA iz’u cl bruk gh jg x;k fd vjfoan ckcw dh Hkfo”;ok.kh ds os

rhu&pkj o”kZ dgka ls fxus tk,a\ vusd ehekaldksa dh lw{e leUo; i}fr dk ckj&ckj voyaacu djds var esa ;g fuf’pr

170 169

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fd;k fd ogh lR; gS tks vuqdwy gSA ml fnlacj esa gh og Hkfo”;ok.kh Qfyr gksxh vkSj og jkT;kjksg.k dk vykSfdd izlax Hkh vk;k

gqvk Fkk] fu’fpr gh ge lHkh eqDr gksaxsA fdruh mRdaBk Fkh eqfDr dh! Blfy, fd ftu fiz;dj tuksa ds n’kZu ls lnk ds fy, oafpr

gksuk iM+sxk] ,slk ekudj eu rM+irk Fkk] muds fiz;eq[k dey ij dky dh dBksj ubZ flyoV iM+us ls igys T;ksa&dh&R;ksa ge ,d&nks

o”kksZa dh vof/k esa okil ykSVdj ns[k ldsaxsA ,d&nwljs ds ?kj tkdj vius bl vaneku ds dBksj vR;kpkjksa dh nq%[kn dgkfu;ka

ikfjokfjd Lusg dh lq[kn xksnh esa YksVdj ,d&nwljs ls dgsaxsA cl fQj nsjh fdl ckr dhA caxkfy;ksa dks egkjkf”Vª;ksa us vkeaf=r fd;k]

iatkfc;ksa us Hkh egkjkf”Vª;ksa dks vkea=.k ns MkysA

vFkkZr~ eq>s Hkh fuea=.k izkIr gks x;kA mu jktcafn;ksa esa ls esjs d{k esa ftUgsa j[kk x;k Fkk] os lkjs esjs bnZfxnZ bdV~Bs gksrs vkSj loZFkk

fu’Ny g”kZ ls mŸkjh rFkk caxyk mPpkj.k esa rkR;k dgrs gq, vuqjks/k djrs] ^rkR;k] vki tkvksxs] rc gekjs ns’k esa vo’; vk,axsA*

dgrs gq, os mnkjpfjr uo;qod esjh eqfDr laca/kh fujk’kk nwj djus dk gkfnZd iz;kl djrsA lR; gh mu lHkh dk esjk ipkl o”khZ; naM

lqudj dystk bruk QV tkrk fd ml eqfDr ls vf/kd tks ml mRlo dh [kq’kh gksusokyh Fkh] esjh eqfDr ds fy, os vkuafnr gks jgs FksA

mRlo lehi vk x;kA vQljksa dh rks dksbZ lhek gh ugha jghA vaneku ds vf/kdkfj;ksa us ft/kj ns[kks m/kj pdkpd lQkbZ djkuk

vkjaHk fd;kA izR;sd canh le>us yxk] eSa rks vo’; eqDr gks tkÅaxkA

dy jkT;jksg.k fnol gSA vr% jg txg ;gh vQokg Fkh fd jktcafn;ksa dks eqDr djus dh vkKk vk Hkh pqdh gSA lŸkk/kkfj;ksa dh Hkh

;gh /kkj.kk Fkh fd ;s vo’; eqDr gksaxsA ckn esa gesa irk pyk fd lpeqp gh Hkhrj&gh Hkhrj dqN f[kpM+h id jgh FkhA jkT;jksg.k

lekjksg dh ;g iwoZla/;k FkhA ge lkjs canh Hkkstukfn ls fuo`Ÿk gksdj ,d iafDr esa cSBs FksA esjs lg&d”VHkksxh jktcanh Hkh esjs fudV gh

cSB x,] D;ksafd ml g”kZ dh xM+cM+h esa teknkj Hkh O;Lr FkkA og Hkh dy eqDr gksxk gh gksxkA cl] ;g fuf’pr djuk ckdh Fkk fd

fdl xkM+h ls dydŸkk ls vkxs fudy iMs+aA brus esa a a [kku gkaQrk gqvk vk x;k vkSj esjk gkFk cyiwoZd nckrs gq, dgus yxk]

^^ckfyLVj ckcw] vki dk Ûksr] ftu rhu cM+h&cM+h ukfy;ksa esa ls vizfrgr xfr ds lkFk ugha] o/kZeku xfr ls cgrs&cgrs dkjkxkj esa

igqaprk] mlesa a a a[kkuksa dk izeq[k iBku teknkjksa dk izFke Øekad a a a dk f}rh; vkSj [kku dk r`rh;A ckjh ckck ds Øks/k larIr

dj&deyksa esa idM+k tkrk ;g iBkuh f=’kqy jktcafn;ksa ds àn;ksa dk lnk&

171

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


loZnk vkj&ikj phjrkA muesa ls ;g ,d ‘kwy aa a a a[kku ijarq og vkt bruk HkksFkjk cu x;k FkkA nq”V Hkh lq”V cu tkrs gSa] tgka

mudk ykHkkykH iz’u ugha gksrkA vkt ;k dy lkjs eqDr gksaxsA fQj vc eq>ls bZ”;kZ j[kdj Hkyk a a a[kku dks D;k feysxk\ gka] dnkfpr~

esjh eqfDr ds Ik’pkr~ cSfjLVj gksus ds ukrs mlds fdlh u, Mkdstuh ds dkaM esa ;fn ml ij dksbZ vfHk;ksx yx tk, rks eSa dke Hkh vk

ldrk gwa u! dSls dgas\ ugha] bl rjg ds izdV vuqjks/k] izkFkuk,a Hkh ges’kk dh tkrhA vr% eq>ls vc Lusg j[kuk gh ykHknk;d gksus

ls ;k oSlk djuk djuk de&ls&de gkfudkjd u gksus ds dkj.k a a a [kku esjk gkfnZd vfHkuanu djus yxk vkSj jktcafn;ksa dks crkus

yxk fd cM+s ckcw NwV x,A

cM+s ckcw NwV x,

eSaus eqLdqjkrs gq, iwNk] ^^vkidks fdlus crk;k\** mlus dgk] ^^vc Hkh D;k ^gkFk daxu dks vkjlh* dh t:jr gS\ Lo;a ckjh us gesa

vkns’k fn;k fd dy ckgj ds lHkh teknkjksa dks b/kj cqyk;k gS] D;kasfd jktcafn;ksa ds eqDr gksrs gh mUgsa veqd }hi esa ys tkuk gS] ogka

ls tgkt vkrs gh mUgsa ml ij p<+kuk gSA** eSaus fQj ls dgk] ^^ijarq vki dSls dg ldrs gSa fd eSA Hkh eqDr gks tkÅaxk\** mlus

dgk] ^eSaus ckjh ls iwNk] rc og eqldjk;kA** ml ,d lk/kkj.k canhiy ds ,d /kwrZ gkL; ij gekjh eqfDr ds lekpkj dk Hkou

fufeZr gks x;k Fkk] rFkkfi ^ckfyLVj ckcw* vki eqDr gks x,* ;s ‘kCn lqurs gh eu esa g”kZ dh ygjsa meM+s fcuk ugha jghA dy eqfDr

feyus ds Ik’pkr~ ?kj tkdj cky dks tSls NksM+dj vk;k Fkk] oSls gh ,d o”kZ ds Hkhrj mls àn; ls yxkuk laHko gksxk! vkSj lHkh NwVs

gq, fiz;tuksa dk fdlh nq”V lius ls vpkud tx tkus ij rqjar galrk&[ksyrk e syk yx tk,xkA bl vlaHkkO; je.kh; dYiuk ls eu

HkjHkjkus yxkA ;g tkurs gq, fd og ek= ,d dYiuk gS] og eu dks vkuan nsus yxhA blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd nqHkkZX; ds nk:.k nq%[k

ds fnu dkVrs le; feF;k vk’kk] ;g tkurs gq, fd og feF;k gS] dbZ ckj mu nq%[kksa dh /kkj rfud HkksFkjh djus esa dke vkrh gSA

;g lekpkj lqurs gh lkjs jktcanh esjs xys iM+ x, vkSj dgus yxs] ^^vc rks fo’okl gqvkA vc rks eqfDr feysxh u\** esjs udkjkRed

flj fgykrs gh muesa ls ,d mRlkgh ;qok fe= us] tks eq>ls vR;ar fu’Ny lgkuqHkwfr j[krk Fkk] esj s xys esa >wyrh canhoku dh yksgs dh

ml galqyh dks] ftleas canh dk Øekad rFkk naM dk ydM+h dk rexk yVdrk gS] idM+ fy;k vkSj dgus yxk] ^^VwVsxk] dy ;g fcYyk

vkids xys ls VwVsxkA** eSaus dgk] ^^vki esa dksbZ Hkh eqDr gks tk,xk] ij eSa ughaA

172

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


rFkkfi geesa ls ,d Hkh eqDr gks tk, rks gesa mruk gh g”kZ gksxkA mruk gh ns’k dk vf/kd dY;k.k gksxkA** esjs bl lansg ij rfud

>a>ykrs gq, ml mRlkgh fe= us vius Lusfgy Øks/k ds vkos’k esa yksgs dh galqyh vkSj ml ind dks idM+dj ,slk >Vdk fn;k fd og

ydM+h dk ind lpeqp gh VwVdj fxj x;kA esjh xjnu dks Hkh rfud [kjksap vkbZ

‘kqHk ‘kdqu

Ikjarq bls Hkh ‘kqHk kdqu ekudj os vkSj ;g lekpkj vU; dksBfj;ksa esa Qsyrs gh vU; jktcanh Hkh bl okŸkkZ ls vkSj Hkh fuf’pr gks x,

fd vc ckfyLVj ckcw vo’; eqDr gksaxsA eSaus Hkh ,d Hkfo”;ok.kh dh fd vkids bl ‘kqHk ‘kdqu dk ,d fuf’pr ifj.kke gksxkA fcYyk

rksM+us ds vkjksi esa gesa dkjkxh; naM vo’; feysxk] vkSj fQj vjfoan ckcw ds Hkfo”; ls esjk Hkfo”; gh vf/kd fo’o’uh; fl} gqvk]

D;kasfd vkf[kj og visf{kr dy dk fnu Hkh vk gh x;k FkkA

dy dk fnu

nwljs fnu leLr jktcafn;ksa dks vU; lSdM+ksa cafn;ksa ds lkFk dkjkx`g ds }kj ds ikl cqyk;k x;kA ijarq eq>s vkSj ,d caxkyh ;qod dks

igys ugha cqyk;k x;kA lHkh canhoku bl vis{kk ds lkFk fd dc }kj [kqysxk vFkok eqfDr u lgh] de&ls&de dqN o”kksZa dh NwV feysxh

vkSj de&ls&de }kj v/k[kqyk rks gksxk&papy eqnzk ls b/kj&m/kj Vqdqj&Vqdqj ns[kus yxsA i;Zos{kd lkgc ¼lqifjaVsaMsaV½ vk x,A u;k

dksjk&djkjk x.kos”k ¼;wfuQkWeZ½ ifj/kku /kkj.k dj ckjh lkgc HKh i/kkjsA jktcafn;ksa dks ,d rjQ uke ysdj crk;k tkus yxkA esjs uke

dk dksbZ vrk&irk ughaA vkf[kj lkSHkkX; ;g Fkk fd ftUgsa cqyk;k x;k] muesa esjs T;s”B ca/kq Hkh FksA mUgsa crk;k x;k fd ^vkidk s naM ds

gj o”kZ ds ihNs dqN eghus dh NwV fey xbZ gSA* bl fglkc ls eq>s epkl eghus naM ls NwV feyuh pkfg, Fkh] ijarq eq>s crk;k x;k

fd vkids fy, u eqfDr gS u gh NwVA

vU; lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dks Hkh o”kZ ds ihNs ,d eghuk NwV feyhA blds vfrfjDr mRlo esa lHkh cafn;ksa dks vkyw&iqyko dh nkor nsus dh

,d fo’ks”k dìk dh xbZA gka] bl fo’ks”k dìk ds fy, eSa Hkh lRik= cukA bl izdkj eqfDr vFkok NwV u feydj tkWtZ egkjkt ds

jkT;kjksg.k lekjksg ds fy, gesa feyk&vkyw&iqyko vkSj fcYyk rksM+us dk naMA ge blh esa fdafpr~ larks”k eku ysa] blhfy, la/;k le;

ckjh lkgc us gekjs Hkkstu ds le; crk;k] ^êsjs tSls canh dks] tks iwjs vaneku esa

173

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vf/kdre naM Hkqxr jgk gS] ,d fnu dh Hkh NwV u feyus ds dkj.k mls O;fDrxr :i ls cM+k [ksn gS] rFkkfi vki tSls Hk;adj

Økafrdkjh dks tc rd mldk oSeuL;] xqLlk japek= Hkh de ugha gksrk rc rd bruh lh Hkh NwV u nsuk ljdkj dk drZO; gh FkkA

vU; Økafrdkjh Dofpr~ jktcanh le>s tk ldrs gSa] ijarq ljdkj vkidks ek= ,d gR;kjk ¼dkWeu eMZjj½ le>rh gS] vr% vki mu

jktcafn;ksa dh NwV ij vf/kdkj Hkh trk ldsaxsA** eSaus dgk] ^^vkids dgus ls igys gh eSa tkurk FkkA eSaus dgk gh Fkk fd Hk;adj

Økafrdkjh gksus ds ukrs gR;kjs [kwuh vkfn vjktuhfrd ¼ukWu ikWfyfVdy½ cafn;ksa dh rjg eq>s NwV ugha feysxh\ vkSj eSa vjktuhfrd

gR;kjk canh gksus ds ukrs jktcafn;ksa dh rjg dh lgwfy;rksa ds fy, loZFkk vik= gwaA okLro esa ;g vkyw&iqyko Hkh eq>s rc rd ugh a

feyuk pkfg, tc rd esjk xqLlk de ugha gks tkrkA bls Hkh vki okil ys tkb,A**

fdlh Hkh jktcanh dks eqDr u djrs gq, vkSj eq>s rks ,d fnu dh Hkh NwV u nsrs gq, lu~ 1911 dk og jkT;kjksg.k lekjksg lekIr gks

x;kA ml fnu izkr%dky ds le; jktcanh tc dksBfj;ksa ls fudys Fks] rc muesa ls vusd ds eu esa n`<+ fo’okl Fkk fd vkt la/;k

le; gh os iqu% viuh dksBfj;ksa esa can ugha gksaxs vkt la/;k gksus ls igys gh bl mRlo ds miy{; esa mudh eqfDr gksrh vkSj os

tgkt dh izrh{kk esa canh’kkyk ds ckgj dgha gksaxsA ijarq ‘kke gksrs gh iqu% ml dksBjh dk eqag ns[kdj mlds tcMs + esa vius vkidks

nQukus ds fy, mUgsa iqu% Hkhrj ?kqluk iM+kA canhx`g esa ,slh dqN Hk;kud mnkl ?kfM+;ka] tks lHkh ds eq[k ij fujk’kk dh dkyh&dywVh

Nk;k Qsykrh gSa] eq>s Lej.k gSaA muesa ml ‘kke dh osyk vkSj og ,d jkr Hkh ,d FkhA

eqfDr dk fo’okl u gksrs gq, Hkh dksBjh esa iqu% can gksrs le; vU; tuksa ds ml lalxZtU; fujk’kk dh ck/kk us esjs eu dks Hkh ?ksj

fy;kA ml fnu esjk Hkfo”; ml dkydksBjh dh pkjnhokjh esa fpu fn;k x;kA mlds ckgj loZ= ?kksj fujk’kkA L;kg va/ksjkA

O;fDrxr eqfDr dk iz’u feV x;A vc ,d vU; mRlqdrk us eu dks ?ksj fy;k fd mRlo ds fnu Lons’k dks dqN u, vf/kdkj feys

gksaxs\ Økafr ds tks pkj&ikap o”kZ thou dks nkao ij yxk, QVkQV chr jgs Fks] mudh Hkh eSa Vksg ysus dk iz;kl dj jgk FkkA tSlkfd

igys dgk Fkk fd canhx`g ds ckgj tks FkksM+s&cgqr jktcanh Hksts x, vkSj ftUgsa ml mifuos’k ds fofHkUu foHkkxksa esa dke esa yxk;k x;k

Fkk] mUgsa chekj gks tkus ij ckgj ds :X.kky; esa ugha j[kk tkrk Fkk] D;kasfd ogka jgusokys canh vR;f/kd Lora=rkiwoZd ,d&nwljs ls

fey ldrs Fks vkSj muds [kku&iku dk izca/k Hkh canhx`g ds :X.kky; ls LokHkkfod :i esa vf/kd vPNk jgrk FkkA

174

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


bl LokHkkfod Hk; ls fd og Lora=rk jktcafn;ksa dks feyus ls os :X.kky; ds vkfrF; dk ckj&ckj Hkksx ysuk pkgsaxs vkSj ,d&nwljs ls

MVdj feyrs jgsaxssA jktcafn;ksa esa ckgj dksbZ chekj gks tk, rks mls ‘kh?kz canhx`g ds :X.kky; esa dksBjh esa can fd;k tkrkA ml naM dk

jktcafn;ksa ds eu esa bruk Hk; lek;k gqvk Fkk fd ;FkklaHko viuh chekjh fNikdj os viuk dke djrs jgrs] vU;Fkk ckgj dh og

lkis{k Lokra=rk [kRe gks tkrh vkSj chekj iM+us ds vijk/ko’k canhx`g dh dksBjh esa can gksus dk iqu% izlax vkrkA bl izdkj

:X.kkoLFkk esa vf/kd NwV rFkk vkjke dh vko’;drk gksus ij Hkh mlh le; dksBjhcanh dk naM jktcafn;ksa dh chekjh ds nq%[k dks

vf/kd gh nq%[krj dj nsrk] rFkkfi bl vkifŸk dk Hkh ,d ykHk mBkus ds fy, mUgsa vodk’k feyrkA og ykHk Fkk ckgj ls izkIr dksbZ

lekpkj Hkhrj canh’kkyk esa can vius lkfFk;ksa rd igqapkukA chekj iM+dj tc fdlh dks canh’kkyk ds :X.kky; esa ckgj ls Hkstk tkrk

rc og vius cksfj;k&fcLrj ds lkFk&lkFk gh ;FkklaHko lekpkj izkIr djds Hkhrj vk tkrkA ckgj v[kckj vf/kd lqyHkrk ls xqipqi

i<+us ds fy, fey tkrsA ckgj x, gq, jktcafn;ksa esa ls ftls lekpkj fey tkrk] mls izk;% rqjar dksbZ&u&dksbZ chekjh gksrh vkSj mls

canh’kkyk ds :X.kky; esa can gksus ds fy, Hkstk tkrkA jkT;kjksg.k ds dkj.k Lons’k esa D;k gqvk] ;g lekpkj [kkstus esa yxs ckgj ds

lkjs jktcafn;ksa esa ls ,d dks vdLekr~ lekpkj dk jksx yx x;kA chekj cafn;ksa esa og Hkh ?kqy&fey x;kA FkksM+h lh ijh{kk ds Ik’pkr~

lekpkj ckgj ds canh dks ckgj ds [kqys vkSj lkis{kr% vkjkensg :X.kky; esa Hkstdj vf/kdkjh us jktcanh ds lkFk l[rh ls i s’k vkus

dk fu;kekuqlkj vkns’k fn;k] ^^ys tkvks bls] tsy dh dksBjh esa can dj nksA** jktcanh esa vkdj djkgrk&dyirk can gks x;kA

nwljs fnu ges’kk dh rjg nl cts eSa LukukFkZ vius d{k ds gSts ij vk x;k rks nwljh rjQ ds d{k dh bekjr ds fiNokM+s dh f[kM+dh

ls dksbZ nch&nch lh vkokt esa iqdkj jgk Fkk&lkojdj ckcw! Lkojdj ckcw! eaSus Åij ns[kk rks n`f”V feyrs gh ml jktcanh us nqrYyh

bekjr dh f[kM+dh ij yVdrs gq, crk;k fd caxky dk foHkktu LFkfxr gks x;kA

lqudj Hkh eSa bl lekpkj ij fo’okl ugha dj ldkA iqu% iwNK] ^^D;k dgk\ caxky dk foHkktu\ That settled fact is unsettled\** og gal iM+kA cksyk]^^gka]gkaA** eSaus dgk] ^^jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr dh rjg dgha ;g Hkh Hkfo”; dFku rks ugha dj jgs gks\ ** esjs fe= us

dgk] ^^fcydqy ugha] iDdk lekpkjA** eSaus oSls gh Luku djuk NksM+dj gj d{k ds jktcafn;ksa dks caxky dk foHkktu LFkfxr

175

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gksus dk lekpkj HkstkA ‘kh?kz gh ;g lekpkj Hkh feyk fd fnYyh jkt/kkuh gks xbZA ijarq bl lekpkj dk dqN [kkl egŸo ugha FkkA

egŸo bl ckr dk Fkk fd caxky dk foHkktu jn~n gks x;( vkSj blls Hkh vf/kd egŸoiw.kZ iz’u Fkk uhfr dk] jktuhfrd iz;ksx dk]

vr% jktcafn;ksa dks viwoZ larks”k feyk vkSj ml fnu mUgsa viuh O;fDrxr fujk’kk dk foLej.k gks x;kA Lons’k dh leL;k dk ;fn bl

rjg lQyrkiwoZd lek/kku fey jgk gks rks gekjh eqfDr u gks] u lghA bl rjg ds mn~xkj ml ;qok la?k ds gj fdlh ds eq[k ls

fudy jgs FksA caxky dk foHkktu D;k\ mlds LFkfxr gksus dk ;g vkuq”kafxd larks”k FkkA ijarq okLrfod larks”k ;g Fkk fd ogha djus ds

fy, ck/; fd;k tk,xk tks ge pkgsaxsA dqN yksxksa us iwNk] ^îjarq bl ;%df’pr~ f[kykSus ls larq”V gksdj fd caxky dk foHkktu jn~n gks

x;k a a a iqu%A ^êSaus dgk]^ûgha] og Mj vf/kd ughaA ,d ckj ftldks ekywe gks x;k fd eysfj;k dquSu dh fVfd;k ls jQwpDdj gks

tkrk gS] og iqu% ml Toj dk vkHkkl gksus ij vius vki dquSu dh ysxkA**

eq>s jŸkh Hkj Hkh nq%[k ugha gqvk fd jkt/kkuh fnYyh pyh xbZ] D;kasfd jkT; Økafrdkfj;ksa esa tc&rc ;g ppkZ fNM+rh fd Hkkoh fganqLFkku

dh jkt/kkuh dkSu lh gks] rc rd eSa ;gh er izfriknu djrs gq, fd fganqLFkku dh jkt/kkuh mTtSu gks] dgrk fd ,sfrgkfld]

lkaLd`frd] vkS|ksfxd] HkkSxksfyd rFkk lkefjd n`f”V ls mTtSu gh Hkkoh Hkkjr dh jkt/kkuh cuuk mfpr gSA ysfdu ;g iz’u NksM+dj fd

jkt/kkuh dkSj lh gks] ;g iz’u iwNk tk, fd dkSu lh gksxh] rks ;gh dgus ds fy, ck/; gksuk iM+sxk fd fganqLFkku dh jkt/kkuh

izk;%fnYyh gh gksxhA esjs bl rdkZuq:i og fnYyh pyh xbZ] bldk eq>s tjk Hkh nq%[k ugha gSA gka] eq>s cM+k g”kZ gksrk ;fn og jkt/kkuh

mTtSu pyh tkrhA

176

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&15

vanekuh cafn;ksa dk Hkkstu

fganqLFkku esa bl lkjh mFky&iqFky ds pyrs vFkkZr~ lu~ 1911 ds var vkSj 1912 ds izkjaHk esa vaneku ds canhx`g esa eq>s yxHkx ,d

o”kZ gks x;kA bl iwjs o”kZ esa dBksj ifjJe dks >syus RkFkk canh’kkyk dk vUu [kkus ds ckn Hkh esjk LokLF; lk/kkj.kr;k Bhd gh jgkA

canhx`g dk ;g Hkkstu dSlk gksrk gS] ,d o”kZ dk vuqHko izkIr djus ds ckn bldh lk/kkj.k ifjdYiuk nsus esa vc dksbZ vkifŸk ugha gSA

cafn;ksa dk Hkkstu

iqLrd ¼tsy fu;ekoyh½ esa fu/kkZfjr fu;eksa dks ns[kk tk, rks bl Hkkstu dh ek=k ljljh rkSj ij vi;kZIr ugha gksrhA vaneku esa lHkh

jkT;ksa ds fofHkUu tkrh; yksxksa ds vkus ds dkj.k dVksjk Hkj pkoy vkSj xsagw dh nks jksfV;ka& bruk Hkkstu] tks fd feJ i}fr dk Fkk]

og Bhd gh FkkA ;g ek=k vf/kd c<+kus dh vuqefr ns nh tkrh vkSj bl izdkj fdlh izfrokn dh xqatkb’k gh ugha jgrh fd Hkkstu

Ik;kZIr ugha gksrkA cafn;ksa esa ,sls dqN yksx gksrs Fks ftudh Hkw[k bl vUu ek=k ls igys ugha feVrh FkhA ijarq izk;% ,d&nks o”kksaZ ds

Ik’pkr~ mUgha cafn;ksa dh bl fLFkfr esa ifjoZru vk tkrkA ,sls canh rks fojys gh gksrs ftudh Hkw[k nks&rhu o”kZ jgdj Hkh ugha ejhA vr%

dqy feykdj ljljh rkSj ij fuf’pr dh gqbZ Hkkstu dh ek=k vaneku esa Bhd rFkk Ik;kZIr gh gksrhA ijarq ml ifj.kke ds vuqlkj vUu

izkIr gksus ds ckn mlds cafn;ksa ds eqag esa tkus rd chp esa tks fo?u vkrs] mudh dksbZ lhek gh ugha FkhA iatkch rFkk iBkuh eqlyeku

izk;% xsgwa Hkksth gksrs gSaA os pkoy ilan ugha djrsA bUgha lTtuksa esa ls jktcanh vaneku esa vkus rFkk fu;fer :i ls mUgha dh okWMZj ds

:i esa fu;qfDr gksus

177

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ls os viuh jksfV;ksa dh vkiwfrZ izk;% vU; cafn;ksa dh jksfV;kas ls mu ij /kkd tekdj vFkok ?kwl[kksjh }kjk djokrsA cspkjs mu cafn;ksa

dks dsoy pkoy ij gh viuk xqtkjk djuk iM+rk vkSj okWMZj egk’k; ds dVksjs esa xqipqi viuh jksfV;ka Mkyuh iM+rh vU;Fkk mUgsa

/kedh [kkuh iM+rh] ^ns[k ysaxs cPpw rsjs dksA* fQj mUgsa dke esa rax djus] muij >wBewB ds vfHk;ksx yxkus vkfn gFkdaMksa }kjk ;s okWMZj

mUgsa rax djrsA bl rjg rax djusokys fuU;kuosa izfr’kr iBku] iatkch vkSj fla/kh eqlyeku gksrs vkSj os vius fd, gq, vU;k; dh

tkudkjh Åij rd u igqapus nsus dh lko/kkuh cjrrsA ogka ds uhp] v/ke&ls&v/ke eqlyekuksa esa Hkh fganqvksa ls fo}s”k j[kuk ,d

/kkfeZd drZO; Hkkouk gksrk FkkA vr% ftUgsa bl rjg dh ;a=uk,a lguh iM+rh] muesa fuU;kuosa izfr’kr fganq canhoku gh gksrsA

bu okWMZjksa dks tsy esa gh Hkkstu djuk iM+rk] vr% os ftldh jksVh ysrs dHkh&dHkh cnys esa mls vius fgLls dk pkoy Hkh ns nsrsA ijarq

isVh vQlj vkSj teknkj tSls yksxksa dks] ftUgsa ckgj NksM+s gq, cafn;ksa esa ls vf/kdkjh ds :i esa Hkhrj yk;k tkrk gS] dkjkx`g esa Hkkstu

djus dh vkKk ugha gksrhA ijarq os tsy esa gh Hkhrj djuk pkgrs Fks] D;kasfd ogha Ikj Hkkstu ls fuiVus ls ckgj Hkkstu cukus ds >a>V

rFkk iSls dh cpr gksrh Fkh A bl vf/kdkjh oxZ dh {kq/kk ‘kkafr ds fy, cafn;ksa dks cnys esa pkoy fy, fcuk gh mUgsa viuh jksfV;ka nsuh

iM+rh] vU;Fkk ml fnu fdlh&u&fdlh >a>V esa Qalkdj os ihB ij nks&pkj MaMs cjlkrs FksA ,d iBku] ftldk uke fetkZ [kku Fkk]

ogka izeq[k teknkj gks x;k vkSj ^NksVk ckjh* ds uke ls mldk dkQh cksyckyk FkkA og flj p<+k FkkA dbZ ckj nl&ckjg jksfV;ka

bdV~Bh djus ds fy, og fdlh iBku okWMZj dks vka[kksa ls ladsr djrk vkSj Lo;a ml ij fVdh gksrh tks jksfV;ka cVksjrk gSA okWMZj dh

ekax ds vuqlkj ;fn dksbZ fganw canhoku jksfV;ka nsus ls bUdkj djrk rks fetkZ [kku rqjar okil eqM+dj vius gkFk ls nks&pkj csar mls

ekjrkA blds fy, dSnh ykbu esa ugha gksrk ;k vkSj dqN cgkuk cuk nsrkA

NksVk ckjh

vaneku esa canh dks lIrkg esa ,d ;k nks ckj ujksVh Hkj ngh feyrkA ml fnu rks ikuh ds cM+s&cM+s yksVs Hkjdj cafn;ksa dks ekj&ihVdj

vkSj muls ngh Nhudj ;s iBku okWMZj rFkk isVh vQlj mls ih ysrsA ,d ckj ,d fganw canh us ujksVh Hkj og ngh ,d cywph vQlj

dks u nsrs gq, fu;ekuqlkj Fkkyh esa vkrs gh mls Hkkr esa feyk fy;kA ;g ckr ml isVh vQlj ds le>rs gh mlus fganqvksa dh iafDr

esa

178

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


?kqldj ml fganw canh ds ikl ,d QwVh ukfj;y dh [kksiM+h dh vksj ladsr djrs gq, dgk] ^^,s gjkeh] ;g ujksVh D;ksa yh\** D;kasfd tsy

esa QwVh ujksVh ikl j[kuk Hkh vijk/k gS] blfy, ^rqeus ujksVh D;ksa j[kh* dgrs&dgrs ml cyqph eqlyeku us ml fganw canh dh pksVh

idM+h vkSj mldh ihB ij ykrksa ls izgkj djus yxk vkSj >Vds ekjrk gqvk ,ls rc rd dkQj] pksVhokyk dkQj] dgrk gqvk xkfy;ksa

dh ckSNkj djrk jgk tc rd mldh vk/kh pksVh m[kM+dj gkFk eas ugha vk xbZA canh dk ph[kuk&fpYykuk lqudj og ^cM+k teknkj*

vFkkZr~ feTkkZ [kku vk x;k vkSj vius gh xqV ds ,d isVh vQlj dks ns[kdj myVs ml canh ij gh ujksVh j[kus ds vijk/k esa

vfHk;ksx yxkus ys x;kA

eSa ;g lkjk rek’kk ns[k jgk FkkA tkrs&tkrs mls ladsr ls lwfpr fd;k] esjh xokgh ns nksA mlh ds vuqlkj xokg ds :i esa esjk uke

crk;k tkus ij eq>s cqyk;k x;kA eSaus tkrs gh crk;k fd ;g cywph isVh vQlj ngh ekax jgk Fkk] tks bl canh us ugha fn;kA blhfy,

mlus mls bruh u`’kalrk ls ekjkA rc eq>ij ngkM+rs gq, ^NksVs ckjh* us dgk] ^^ gqtwj] ;s cM+s ckcw gj le; ge eqlyekuksa ds f[kykQ

>wBh xokgh nsrs gSaA** eSaus canhiky dks crk;k] ^^Bhd gS] eSa >wBh xokgh nsrk gwa u\ rks fQj ,d vkSj >wBh ckr dgrk gwa fd vc blh

le; ml Vhu dh Vijh esa bl cywph vQlj us pksjh&pksjh ngh dk yksVk Hkjds j[kk gqvk gSA pfy,] eSa fn[kkrk gwaA**

ngh dk yksVk

canhiky dks esjs lkFk vkuk gh iM+kA og fetkZ [kku] teknkj ds lkfFk;ksa dks cpkuk pkgrk Fkk] ijarq esjs chp esa iM+rs gh egk’k; mB

x,A ml Vijh esa ujksfV;ksa ds <sj ds uhps ml cywph isVh vQlj dk ngh ls Hkjk gqvk yksVk fey x;kA xokgh esjh gh FkhA lqifjaVsaMsaV

ds lkeus vdkj.k ml fganw canh ij fd, gq, Øwj vR;kpkjksa dh rFkk ^dkQj&dkQj* dh jV yxkdj mldh pksVh m[kkM+us dh tkudkjh

nhA tks eSaus dgk ogh mlds ‘kjhj ij iM+s fu’kkuksa rFkk ngh ds yksVs us Hkh crk;kA

i;Zos{kd ¼lqifjaVsaMasV½ Øks/k ls yky&ihyk gks x;k vkSj vU; isVh vQljksa ij Hkh viuh /kkd teius ds fy, mlus ml cywph isVh

vQlj dks rksM+ Mkydj vFkkZr~ mldk iV~Vk Nhudj mls iqu% dkexkj cafn;ksa esa Hkstdj dBksj ifjJe ds dke esa yxk fn;kA bl rjg

dkQj dh m[kkM+h xbZ pksVh ls fe;kath dh nk<+h Hkh m[kkM+h xbZA

bl izdkj ^NksV ckjh* vFkkZr~ teknkj fetkZ [kku ds fo:} mlds vU;k; ls fganw cafn;ksa dks cpkus ds iz;kl esa og dbZ ckj gesa Hkh

Qkalrk vkSj blds fy, gesa

179

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fdruk vR;kpkj lguk iM+rk] bldk fooj.k vkxs pydj FkksM+k&cgqr vk,xkA mlds fo:} lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa esa pqxfy;ka djus dh fdlh

dh fgEer ugha gksrhA jktcanh gh dqN lkgl fn[kkrs] rks fn[kkrsA muesa Hkh nl&ikap yksx gh vU; fganqvksa dk i{k ysdj fetkZ ds fo:}

vfHk;ksx yxkus dk lkgl tqVkrsA muesa ls dqN Bksl mnkjgj.k vkxs fn, tk,axsA ijarq ;gka ;g ,d ckr blfy, nh fd cafn;ksa dks

Hkkstu feysA blds fy, tks fu;e Fks] os dqN vf/kd vk{ksih ugha FksA fQj Hkh cafn;ksa ds eq[k eas iM+us ds iwoZ ml Hkkstu dh tks pksfj;ka

gksrh] mlls cafn;ksa dh Fkkyh esa izR;{k tks Hkkstu ijkslk tkrk og ek=k esa izk;% de gh gksrkA

:fpdj Hkkstu

;fn ek=k dh ckr NksM+ nsa rks ml Hkkstu esa u dsoy Lokn dh deh gksrh oju~ ikSf”Vd rŸoksa dh Hkh deh FkhA pkgs pkoy de ek=k esa

nks] jksVh isV Hkj Hkys gh u feys] ijarq v/kidk pkoy er nks] jksVh vk/kh fladh gqbZ] vk/kh tyh gqbZ vkSj dHkh&dHkh vkVs ds xhys xksys

tSlh er nks& bl rjg dh izkFkZuk,a gesa ckj&ckj djuh iM+rhA lkr&vkB lkS yksxksa dk Hkkstu rS;kj fd;k tkrkA jlksb, brus xans Fks

vkSj ljdkjh fu;ekuqlkj lko/kkuh u cjrus ds dkj.k dHkh&dHkh os Hk;adj laØked] xqIr jksx ls ihfM+r Hkh gksrs FksA ilhus ls

rj&crj muds nqxZa/k;qDr oL=A dM+h /kwi esa Hkkstu ijkslrs le; gekjh vk[kksa ds lkeus ekFks dk ilhuk nky ds cM+s&cMs+ Mksaxksa eas]

Msxfp;ksa esa Vidrk] ge ns[krs vkSj ogh nky gekjs fy, pVdkjs Hkj&Hkjds lqM+duk vfuok;Z gksrkA Hkyk blesa ml jlksb, dk D;k

nks”k\ ml ijksfl, dk D;k vijk/k\ fpyfpykrs /kwi esa lSdM+ksa cafn;ksa dk Hkkstu rS;kj djds mUgsa ijkslrs&ijkslrs mu pkj&ikap jlksb;ksa

ds Vkads <hys gks tkrsA os blhfy, ;g dke djrs fd jlksbZ?kj esa dke djrs&djrs ,dk/k lCth ;k lkx pksjh&pksjh [kkus ds fy, fey

tkrh] frlij ftUgsa fQj Hkh ;s dke ,dk/k lCth ;k lkx pksjh&pksjh [kkus ds fy, fey tkrh] frlij ftUgsa fQj Hkh ;s dke vlguh;

izrhr gksrs] mUgsa djus ls bUdkj djsa rks lqus dkSu\ ,slh fLFkfr esa ^Lokfn”V* Hkkstu ‘kCn gh ge Hkwy x, FksA bl rF; dks ge Hkh

Lohdkj djrs gSa fd vijkf/k;ksa dks jktk&egkjktkvksa ds leku BkB&ckV ds lkFk iapdiokuksa dk vkLokn ysus ds fy, can ugha fd;k

x;k gS] vfirq canhx`g esa mudk thou bruk uhjl fd;k tk, fd muesa ;g vglkl tkx mBs fd mUgsa viuh LokFkZa/k lq[k ykylko’k

fd, x, lkekftd vijk/kkFkZ ,sfgd lq[kksa ls oafpr gksuk iM+ jgk gSA blhfy, canhx`g esa Hkkstu ds Lokfn”V u gksus dk Li”V vlglkl

gksrk FkkA og ,d rjg ls Bhd gh FkkA ml ij tSls xsgwa ds lkFk ?kqu Hkh ihlk tkrk gS mlh rjg lk/kkj.k vijkf/k;ksa dh rjg

jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh mudk Lora= oxZ u cukus ds

180

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dkj.k Lokfn”V Hkkstu u feys] ;g Hkh vifjgk;Z gksus ls os bl rjg dh f’kdk;r dHkh ugha djrs FksA mudh cl bruh gh ekax gksrh

fd pyks Lokfn”V u lgh] mfpr :i esa idk gqvk] LokLF;izn Hkkstu feys vkSj bu jktcafn;ksa dh lHkh cafn;ksa dh vksj ls ;gh f’kdk;r

jgrh fd vaneku dk Hkkstu izk;% vr;ar ykijokgh ds lkFk ilhus Hkjk] nqyZf{kr :i ls idk;k gqvk gS] tks LokLF; ds fy, gkfudkjd

gSA ;g f’kdk;r djus ij mUgsa ^>wBh f’kdk;rksa* ds fy, dbZ ckj naM feyk gksxkA ijarq o”kksZa ls ml v/kdPp s] ilhus ls rj&crj ?kkrd

vUu dk lsou djus ds ckotqn jktcafn;ksa }kjk ml Hkksstu ds fo:} izfrokn djrs jgus ls vkf[kj eas Hkkstu esa dkQh lq/kkj vk x;k

FkkA vU; cafn;ksa dks jktcafn;ksa dh vksV esa vpkud tks ykHk gksrs] muesa ls ;g ,d vR;ar egŸoiw.kZ ykHk FkkA bldh dYiuk ds fy,

fd Loknghu] xank Hkkstu dHkh nfy, esa feV~Vh dk rsy fxj tkrkA nfy;k cM+s losjs idk;k tkrkA ,d egkdkO; Msxph pwYgs ij p<+kbZ

tkrh vkSj mlesa nfy;k idrkA eqag va/ksjs ;g ns[kus ds fy, fd og Bhd idk gS ;k ugha] jlksb;k gkFk esa feV~Vh ds rsy dh Vhu dh

f<cjh Fkkes] mUuhanh voLFkk esa gh ml Msxph esa >kadrkA ml le; nks dkSM+h dh ml VwVh&QwVh f<cjh ls rsy pwus yxrk vkSj mls

frjNh idM+us ls ns[krs&ns[krs lkjk rsy nfy, esa fxjrkA ijarq vkB lkS yksxksa ds fy, rs;kj fd;k gqvk nfy;k Hkyk ;wa gh Qa sdk FkksM+s gh

tk ldrk gS\ ;g lekpkj Åij rd igaqpuk Hkh rks ml jlksb, rFkk fetkZ [kku ds fy, ?kkrd fl} gksrkA vr% tc&tc ;g ckr

gksrh rc&rc cafn;ksa dks nfy;k osls gh ijkslk tkrkA gekjs ogka tkus ls igys bl rjg dk fEkV~Vh dk rsy;qDr nfy;k izfrekl vFkok

nks eghuksa esa ,d ckj feyrk gh FkkA ijarq jktcafn;ksa ds tkus ds ckn TkSls&tSls bldh ppkZ gksus yxh oSls&oSls ;s ?kVuk,a de gksus yxhA

,d ckj geus Li”V dg fn;k fd bl rjg dk nfy;k ge ugha [kk,axsA fQj ;g ekeyk ckjh rd igqapk rks os Hkhrj vk x,A gekjs

fudV ds c afn;ksa ls mUgksaus nks&Vwd mŸkj fn;k&^^ugha lkgc! cM+k ckcw >wB cksyrk gSA** rc xqLls ls Hkjdj ckjh us eq>ls dgk] ^^bu

lHkh dks nfy, esa dgha Hkh fEkV~Vh ds rsy dh cw ugha vk jgh] rEgha dks vk jgh gSA Bgjks] >wBewB dh pqxyh [kkus ij rqeij vfHk;ksx

pykrk gw aA** bl izdkj ‘kksj&’kjkck djds og pyrk cuk vkSj lHkh dSfn;ksa dks fEkV~Vh dk rsy iM+k ogh nfy;k xys ls mrkjuk iM+kA

D;ksafd ,d rks] Hkw[ks isV dks nwljk feysxk ugha vkSj fQj Hkw[ks isV gh dke djuk iM+sxkA nwljk mlls Hkh egŸoiw.kZ dkj.k Fkk vkSj og

;g

181

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fd lk/kkj.k fu;ekuqlkj dkjkx`g esa ijkslk gqvk [kkuk vfuok;Z FkkA mls Qasduk ugha pkfg,A fdlh ds fy, de&ls&de gks rks vf/kd

feysxkA vf/kd gks rks Qasdk ugha tk ldsxkA lk/kkj.k rkSj ij fuf’pr ek=k [kkuh gh iM+sxhA fucZy vkSj cyoku ds fy, tks ,d vkSlr

ek=k fu/kkZfjr gS mlds vuqlkj vUu xzg.k djrs gq, vkSlr rkSj ij thuk pkfg,A okLro esa ,slk ugha Fkk fd bl izdkj fd fu;eksa dk

vey ges’kk l[rh ds lkFk gksrkA ijarq iwoZ esa tc bl rjg dh dBksjrk ckj&ckj dh tkrh vFkok vktdy Hkh dh tkrh gS rc mldk

vfuok;Zr% cafn;ksa ds LokLF; ij cqjk vlj iM+rk gSA ;fn fdlh dks lpeqp gh ftl Hkkstu dh vko’;drk u gks vkSj mlus og Hkkstu

twBu dh Vksdjh esa Qsad fn;k gks] rks fdlh vf/kdkjh }kjk mlls cyiwoZd mBokdj ml canh dks gh [kkus ds fy, ck/; djus ds Hkh

mnkgj.k ns[ks FksA ml fnu og feV~Vh dk rsy;qDr nfy;k Hkh cyiwoZd lHkh dks tks lsou djuk iM+k og blh fu;e ds cycwrs ijA ;fn

nl&ikap dSfn;ksa us mls Qsad fn;k gksrk rks ge ;g fl} dj ldrs Fks fd nfy, esa lpeqp gh fEkV~Vh dk rsy iM+k gSA beus mls oSls gh

Qsad fn;kA ijarq ^rksck rsjh NkN ls] dqŸkksa ls NqM+k* ;g le>dj vfHk;ksx pykus dh xhnM+ HkHkdh Hkh rqjar Hkwyus dk ukVd djrs gq,

ckjh pqi cSBk jgkA

jktcanh bl izdkj dh f’kdk;rsa ckj&ckj lqifjaVsaMsaV lkgc ds ikl ys tkrsA ;|fi mi;qZDr mnkgj.kksa ds vuqlkj izk;% mudk vieku

djds vf/kdkjh m/kj dku ugha nsrs] rFkkfi dHkh&dHkh ewM esa gks rks lqifjaVsaMsaV xqipqi fuEu vf/kdkjh ds vPNs&[kkls dke mesBrkA

Hkkstu ls lacaf/kr bl rjg dh f’kdk;rsa vkus ls ckjh dks cgqr d”V gksrkA og vius fiV~Bw jktcanh dks jktcafn;ksa esa ls vU; fnysj

LoHkko ds lwjek mŸkj nsrs fd ge Lo;a blls Hkh jn~nh dksnks [kkdj fuokZg dj ldrs gSaA bruk gh ugha] fcuk vUu lsou fd,

vkB&vkB fnu vu’ku djsaxs] ijarq vkt ge tks la?k”kZ dj jgs gSaA og blfy, fd gtkjksa yksxksa dks thfor jgus ds fy, t:jh Lokfn”V

Hkkstu feysA og blfy, fd gtkjksa yksxksa dks thfor jgus ds fy, t:jh Lokfn”V Hkkstu feysA ek= isV gksrk rks ge vius&vius ?kj

vk;jySaM¹42 dh lM+dksa ij ,d f’kfyax Hkj dh fngkM+h ij dksnks ugha ny jgs Fks! ,sls izlax ds ckn Hkh lHkh jktcanh bu egk’k; dks

f/kDdkjus yxs vkSj vU; canh dgus yxs fd vki Lo;a gh igys dg jgs Fks fd feV~Vh dk rsy gSA rc bu egk’k; us ‘kkafr ls mŸkj

fn;] vUu fo”k;d izfrjks/k

42

Ckkjh lkgc vk;fj’k FksA m/kj mithfodk dk lk/ku loZFkk u”V gksus ls tks nks&pkj :i, feyrs mUgsa vaVh ls cka/kdj os pair gks

x,A fganqLFkku esa izos’k djrs gh xksjh peM+h ds ukrs mudh nky rqjar xy xbZ vkSj vius lkglh rFkk fof/k fu”ks/k dh fpark u djusokys

LoHkko ds cycwrs vaneku esa lq;ksX; vf/kdkjh ds :i esa fu;qDr gks x,A

182

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


djuk isVw yksxksa dk vksNk d`R; gSa ijarq ;gh egk’k; tc xjhxksys dk VqdM+kA pjkus ds fy, vk/kk&vk/kk ?kaVk rkd eas jgrs] rc og

isVwiu viuh isV iwtk gksus ls Hkkjh rFkk f’k”V d`R; cu tkrkA

jktcafn;ksa esa isVw

jktcafn;ksa esa ls tks dksbZ ckjh lkgc dk rksrk cudj vU; yksxksa dks mins’k djrk fd vUu ds fy, isVw yks gh yM+rs gSa vkSj muls dgs

fd canhx`g dk Hkkstu lq/kkjus ds fy, izfrokn vkSj iz;kl er djuk] os vius fy, ckjh lkgc dh est ij Qy vFkok ,dk/k McyjksVh

dk VqdM+k ikdj mls vLohdkj dHkh ugha djrsA tsy esa dksbZ xqipqi pVuh pqjk ik, vFkok I;kt fNIkk yk, rks mls Hkh lkHkkj Lohdkj

djds pksjh&fNis pckus esa isVwiu ugha le>rsA

ijarq jktcafn;ksa esa lHkh yksx brus dkB ds mYyw ugha gksrs tks bl izdkj ds :[ks ,oa Hkh: mins’kdksa dh ijokg djsaA os ckj&c kj

dPph jksfV;ka] dPps pkoy] feV~Vh ds rsyfefJr lCth vkfn phtksa dks idM+dj ml ij gaxkek rFkk izfrokn djrs gh jgrs FksA ml

n`f”V ls lSdM+ksa cafn;ksa dks jktcafn;ksa dk vkxeu ,d Hkjh eqlhcr gh izrhr gksrkA ;|kfi muesa ckjh lkgc ds fo:} xokgh nsus dk

lkgl ugha gksrk] rFkkfi Hkhrj ls os jktcafn;ksa dh d`rK Hkko ls lgk;rk gh djrs] fdacgquk mudk eu%iwoZd lg;ksx rFkk lknj izse dk

vk/kkj mUgsa ugha feyrk rks jktcafn;ksa ij gksusokys vR;kpkjksa dh dksbZ lhek gh ugha jgrhA izdV xokgh nsus dk muesa lkgl ugh a gksrk

Fkk rks lHkh jktcafn;ksa esa Hkh ckjh ds fo:} xokgh nsus dk lkgl ugha gksrk FkkA

,d ckj fdlh jktcanh us ml nfy, dks idM+k] ftlesa feV~Vh dk rsy fxjk gqvk FkkA mlus ml nfy, dk losu djus ls lkQ bUdkj

fd;k rks vU; nks&pkj cafn;ksa us Hkh tks ml d{k esa fks] nfy, dk lsou djuk NksM+ fn;kA ;g ns[krs gh dqN lk/kkj.k canh Hkh muesa

‘kkfey gks x,A djrs&djrs ckjh vk, vkSj ml mŸkj fganwLFkkuh jktcanh dks MiVdj cksys] ^^>wB cksydj rqe cafn;ksa dh Vksyh dks cgdk

jgs gksA ns[kks] rqe yksxksa esa ls gh vDyean rFkk le>nkj lTtu dSls dkath ds f[kykQ pwa rd ugha djrsA** bl rjg ngkM+rs gq, os

vius ,d fiV~Bw jktcanh ls dgus yxs ^^osy feLVj] ;g >wB gS u fd nfy, esa feV~Vh dk rsy iM+k gS\** rc ml lTtu us dgk]

^^HkbZ] eq>s rks dksbZ cw ugha vk jgh gSA** cl] os le>nkj fl} gks x, vkSj vU; lkjs canh >wBs! feV~Vh ds rsy dk iwjk duLrj Hkh

nfy, esa maMsyk tkrk rks Hkh ckjh dh ukd dks feV~Vh ds rsy dh cw ugha vkuh FkhA

183

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


lCth esa lkai vkSj du[ktwjs

tSlkfd geus ihNs dgk Fkk fd vaneku esa ,d Hk;adj tkfr dk du[ktwjk gksrk gSA bldh yackbZ Ms<+ QhV gksrh gS vkSj fo”k bruk rst

fd bldk dkVk ikuh Hkh ugha ekaxrkA izkr%dky ds le; cafn;ksa dh ,d Vksyh canhx`g ds fy, lCth ysus Hksth tkrh FkhA ml bykds esa

taxy ds vkSj jkLrksa ds ohjku LFkkuksa ij vjoh Hkjiwj ek=k esa mxrh gSA mlesa dqN lkx Hkh mxrk gSA og Vksyh gkFkksa esa cM+s&cMs+

gafl;s fy, og lkx dkVrh tkrh vkSj ml dVs gq, lkx ds <sj&ds&<sj jpdj mUgsa xkM+h esa Hkjdj canhx`g esa Hkstk tkrkA mu <sjksa dh

cM+h&cM+h xfÏ;ka cukdj] nks&pkj ckj dkV mUgsa ml egkdk; dM+kg esa Mkyk tkrk vkSj mckyk tkrkA cafn;ksa ds fy, izk;% blh izdkj

lCth idkbZ tkrhA bl rjg ds dke esa izk;% bruh ykijokgh cjrh tkrh fd dHkh&dHkh lkx ds bu <sjksa esa cM+s&cM+s du[ktwjs rFkk

lkai Hkh mu dM+kgksa esa tk idrsA og v/kidh lCth tc ijkslh tkrh rc bUgsa Hkh QVkQV ijkslk tkrkA [kkrs&[kkrs lkx dk iŸkk

le>dj mBkbZ xbZ du[ktwjk gksrhA ;|fi vaneku es du[ktwjksa rFkk lkiksa dh ;g lCth ,d vk’p;Ztud idoku gh Fkk rFkkfi mlls

Hkh vk’p;Ztud pht Fkh og fo’ks”k lCth] ftlesa ckjh lkgc ds ‘kCnksa rFkk leFkZu dk elkyk iM+rkA u dsoy geus izR;qr vkSj Hkh

dbZ jktcafn;ksa us Lo;a lCth esa ls bu du[ktwjksa dks fudkydj fn[kk;k vkSj bl lcdks ckjh lkgc ds dkuksa rd u igaqpusokys

vf/kdkfj;ksa ds izfrokn Hkh fd,] ijarq os <hB vf/kdkjh gal&galdj mŸkj nsrs] ^vks! bV VsLV~l osjh osy*A lqifjaVsaMsaV rd f’kdk;rsa

igqapus ij os Hkh mudh gka esa gka feykrs gq, viuk jkLrk ukirsA vkf[kj fu:ik; gksdj du[ktwjk vFkok lkai dk VqdM+k Qasddj ‘ks”k

lCth vius xys esa mrkjuh iM+rhA vU;Fkk :[kk Hkkstu dSls djsa\ mlij u [kkus ls dke esa NwV FkksM+h gh feysxh\ fQj bruk dBksj

ifjJe dk dke fdlds cycwrs ij djsa\ ckjh ;g HkyhHkkafr tkurs Fks] vr% os vFkok vU; dksbZ Hkh vf/kdkjh m/kj /;ku ugha nsrsA

dHkh&dHkh esjs vkSj esjs tSls vU; jktcafn;ksa ds izfrokn ds ifj.kkeLo:i ckjh dks FkksM+k&cgqr /kCck yx gh tkrkA ,sls gh ,d volj

ij du[ktwjs ds bl izlax dks ysdj ckjh eq>s ‘kkar djus ds fy, iqpdkjrs gq, dgus yxs] ^^Oh! Mr. Savarkar, don’t you think

much of these scoundrels.** ¼vth lkojdj] bu cnek’kksa dk fopkj NksM+ nhft,½A vkidh lekt esa tks Åaph fLFkfr gS] eSa tkurk

gwaA ;g nsf[k,A ijarq bu lkjs cafn;ksa ds lkeus vki Hkkstu dh [kkfe;ka mtkxj er dhft,A os pkSik, gSaA ns[krs&ns[krs esjs flj ij p<+

cSBsaxsA vc rd bl izdkj ds lSdM+ksa du[ktwjs bu yksxksa us fudkydj Qasd fn, gSa vkSj pqipki lCth [kkbZ gS] ijarq vkt rd muesa ls

,d Hkh ejk ugha A**

184

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ckjh lkgc dh ‘kk;n ;g /kkj.kk Fkh fd tc bl rjg dh fo”kSyh lCth [kkdj dksbZ canh ejs] rHkh ml lCth dks lq/kkjus dk mfpr

le; vk,xkA

mŸkjnkf;Ro fganw isVh vQlj ij

MkaV&MiV vFkok lgykus&iqpdkjus ls Hkkstu fo”k;d vFkok ckjh lkgc ds vkSj dqYk izca/k ds fo:} fd, x, gekjs izfroknksa ds eqga

can ugha gq, rks mUgsa can djus dk ,d vkSj mik; ckjh lkgc vkSj fetkZ [kku ds ikl gksrkA og Fkk Hkkstu vPNk u idkus vFkok

de nsus dk mŸkjnkf;Ro fdlh fganw isVh vQlj ds eRFks cyiwoZd e<+ukA nfy, esa feV~Vh dk rsy fxj x;k vFkok lCth esa rsy fxj

x;k vFkok lCth esa rsy ugha Mkyk x;k vkSj lkjk rsy pksjh gks x;k] rks gekjs }kj ‘kksj epkrs gh fetkZ [kku ckjh ds lkeus bl

vijk/k ds mŸkjnk;h ds :i esa fdlh fganw isVh vQlj dks ykdj [kM+k djrkA ckjh tku&cq>dj ml izek.k dks lR; ekudj gels

dgrk] ^^ns[kks] nfy;k [kjkc djus ds vijk/k fganw canh dks naM fnyokdj mlds vf/kdkj ij fdlh ihM+d eqlyeku dh fu;qfDr dh

tkrh vFkok ^vfHk;ksx er pykuk] ge viuh f’kdk;r okil ys jgs gSa* dgdj pqi cSBuk iM+rkA ge blh m/ksM+cqu e s a iM+ tkrs vkSj

Lo;a pqi cSB tkrs] ijarq ,d fganw dks vdkj.k inP;qr djus ds fy, dkj.k ugha cursA

rFkkfi bu lHkh gFkdaMksa }kj tc fdlh Hkh rjg ls jktcafn;ksa ds canhx`g fLFkr Hkkstu esa lq/kkj ykus dk m|ksx f’kfFky ugha gks jgk Fkk]

rc vkf[kjdkj gekjk Hkkstu] fo’ks”kr% lCth vkSj jksfV;ka vU; yksxksa dh vis{kk Bhd&Bkd idkdj&lsaddj ykbZ tkrhA dHkh&dHkh

Ik;Zos{kd Hkkstu p[kdj ns[krkA mls fn[kkus ds fy, igys ls gh dqN jksfV;ka HkyhHkkafr lsaddj j[kh tkrhA mUgsa gh jktcafn;ksa esa ckaVk

tkrkA bl rjg de&ls&de jktcafn;ksa dks rfud vPNk Hkkstu feyus yxkA bl vkanksyu ls ;g ykHk rks gqvkA D;kasfd dgus dh

vko’;drk ugha fd canhx`g ds dqxzkl rFkk dPps Hkkstu dk ifj.kke ml oxZ ds yksxksa ij] mu lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa ls] tks vktUe dBksj

ifjJe rFkk :[ks&lw[ks Hkkstu ls fpjifjfpr Fks] vf/kd ?kkrd gksrkA LokLF;o/kZd Hkkstu foykflrk ugha] thus dk lk/ku FkkA bu

d”VHkksxh yksxksa dk] ftuesa jŸkh Hkj Hkh LokFkZijk.k;rk dk Li’kZ ugha gqvk gS vkSj ekxZ dk iz’u NksM+us ij Hkh tks ijkFkZjr gh gSa] la?k

dk thfor jguk fuLlansg cgqtu fgrk;] cgqtu lq[kk; ykHknk;h FkkA blh fo’okl rFkk cqf} ds cycwrs ij gh ;g vkanksyu NsM+k x;k

FkkA vk’p;Z dh ckr ;g Fkh fd tks canh ckjh ds vR;kpkjksa ls Hk;Hkhr gksdj bl vkanksyu dks isVw dgdj viuh dk;jrk fNikus dk

iz;kl djrs] mUgha jktcafn;ksa

185

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ds fy, tc ckjh dqN va’k esa Lora= :i ls Hkkstu cuokus yxk rc jktcanh gksus ds ukrs mUgsa viuk vf/kdkj trkus esa jŸkh Hkj Hkh

ladksp vFkok isVwiu izrhr ugha gqvkA

jktcafn;ksa dks FkksM+k&cgqr vPNk Hkkstu feyus dk ykHk gks x;k] rFkkfi ml miyfC/k ls os gkFk ij gkFk /kjs ugha cSBsA le;≤ ij

vU; cafn;ksa dks vkxs djds vFkok Lo;a Hkkstu ls lacaf/kr mudh f’kdk;rksa dks lqudj mlds fo:} yM+dj mUgksaus ikap&Ng o”kksZa e s a

cafn;ksa ds Hkkstu esa Bksl ifjorZu djok;kA vkxs pydj ,d vPNk i;Zos{kd vk x;k vkSj mlds vkus rFkk mldh HkykbZ tkxzr j[kus

esa fganqLFkku fLFkr lekpkj&i=ksa rFkk dkSaflyksa esa vaneku fo”k;d tks pPkkZ fNM+ xbZ Fkh] d”V cgqrka’k esa de gks x,A

Hkkstu [kjkc] LokLF; fo?kkrd vkSj fd afpr izlax esa de feyus ls ftruk d”V gksrk] mruk gh d”V Hkkstu tc rd isV esa ugha tkrk

rc rd ftl rjg cafn;ksa ds lkFk O;ogkj fd;k tkrk] ml i}fr ls gksrkA D;ksafd Hkkstu ds le; cafn;ksa dh iafDr;ka dM+h /kwi esa vkSj

o”kkZ esa Hkh cSBkbZ tkrh Fkh] dksbZ Hkh iafDr ds ckgj ugha cSB ldrk FkkA bl vR;kpkj ds fojks/kkFkZ jktcafn;ksa esa ls dqN yksx Fkkyh esa

Hkkstu iM+rs gh mBdj Nkao esa tk cSBrsA isVh vQlj xkyh&xykSt djrkA ckjh iaxr NksM+us dk vkjksi yxkdj vfHk;ksx pykrkA cafn;ksa

dks cgdkus&Qqlykus ds vkjksi esa i;Zos{kd naM nsrsA ijarq jktcafn;ksa esa ls bl fojks/k i{k ds yksx /kwi rFkk o”kkZ esa iafDr ls gVdj Nkao

esa cSBuk ugha NksM+rsA tc os iwNrs fd dsoy Hkkstu ds fy, Nk;k esa F;ksa ugha cSBus nsrs] rks ckjh dgrk] ;fn eSa mu cafn;ksa dks Nkao esa

cSBkÅa rks ofj”B vf/kdkjh eq> ij gh vkjksi yxk,axs fd eSaus cafn;ksa ls HkkbZpkjk fd;kA ckjh dk dguk loZFkk >wB ugha FkkA ;|fi

cafn;ksa dks fcuk fdlh dkj.k ls rFkk muij LokLF; fouk’kd vR;kpkj djus dk mŸkjnkf;Ÿo iw.kZr;k ckjh lkgc ij ugha FkkA

Dqy feykdj canh foHkkx dh uhfr ij gh Fkk& ;g ckr /;ku esa j[kuh pkfg,A

,slk ugha Fkk fd canhx`g esa Hkkstu ds le; cafn;ksa dks /kwi esa rFkk o”kkZ esa izk;% cSBk;k tkrkA canhx`g ds ckgj Hkh ftl ftys esa ckjh ls

vyx nwljs vf/kdkjh gksrs] mu ftyksa esa Hkh izk;% ;gh d”V gksrsA bruk gh ugha] vfirq mu ckgjh ftyksa esa ls dqN bykdksa esa ewly/kkj

o”kkZ esa [kM+s jgdj gh cafn;kas dks Hkkstu djuk iM+rkA o”kkZ esa dke djrs&djrs diM+s iwjs xhys gksrs] lnhZ ls lkjk ‘kjhj fBBqj jgk gksrk]

,slh voLFkk esa ,d gkFk esa o”kkZ esa Hkhxh rj&crj jksfV;ka vkSj pkoy Fkkes o”kkZ ds ikuh ls Ykckyc Hkjs dVksjs ls nky lqM+drs gq,

[kM+s&[kM+s cafn;ksa dks ;g Hkkstu xys ds uhps

186

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


mrkjuk iM+rkA bl rjg dk izlax ,d&nks ckj ugha vkrk] ;g yxHkx izFkk gh cu pqdh FkhA dsoy ogh blls eqDr Fks ftUgsa ckgj tkus

ds ckn Lora= :i ls Hkkstu cukus dk vf/kdkj izkIr gks x;k FkkA ijarq jktcanh Hkys gh dgha tk,a] mUgsa ;k rks bu d”Vksa dk lkeuk

djuk iM+rk] vU;Fkk muesa ls tks ;g ;a=.kk lgdj pqipki thrs gq, bu vR;kpkjksa ls lHkh cafn;ksa dks eqDr djus ds fy, la?k”kZ djrs]

vf/kd d”V gksus ij Hkh mUgsa >syus ds fy, vkxs c<+rs&mUgsa vf/kdkfj;ksa ds dksiHkktu ds dkj.k vf/kd gh d”V >syus iM+rsA fQj Hkh

muesa ls dbZ yksxksa us >syk&tsy ds Hkhrj vkSj ckgj Hkh] bl /kwi rFkk o”kkZ esa Hkkstu djus rFkk [kM+s&[kMs+ Hkkstu djusokyh iafDr dks

fuf’pr le; nsdj ¼vkSj og le; fdruk gksxk] ;g os gV~Vs&dV~Vs eqLVaMs isVh vQlj r; djsaxs½ og fu/kkZfjr le; gksrs gh vQlj

fpYykrk&^pyks mBks] [kku gks x;kA* cl] isVh vQlj us dgk] [kkuk gks x;k rks gksuk gh pkfg,A fQj pkgs fdlh dk Hkkstu lekIr gks

x;k gks vFkok ughaA rikd ls lHkh dks mBdj [kM+s gksuk pkfg,A ‘ks”k vUu isV [kkyh gksus ij Hkh twBu le>dj dqM+snku esa Qasd fn;k

tkrkA ;fn dksbZ mBdj [kM+k ugha gqvk rks dqN fueZe isVh vQlj gkFk ds casr likli ?kqekrs gq, ml iafDr esa ?kqldj Fkkfy;ka mM+k nsrs

vkSj HkxnM+ epkrsA fdlh ds pwa&piM+ djus ij Åij ls ekj iM+rh vkSj ml ij vkKkHkax dk vfHk;ksx dks Hkax djds jktcafn;ksa us

o”kksZa rd bl canhokl esa Hkh ;g la?k”kZ tkjh j[kkA ikap o”kksZa ds Ik’pkr~ /khjs&/khjs ifjorZu gqvk vkSj cafn;ksa dks ewly/kkj o”kkZ rFkk dM+h

/kwi esa u cSBrs gq, Nkao esa cSBus dh vuqefr fey xbZA vk/ks isV gh Hkkstu ls mBkuk can fd;k x;kA vkgj Hkh fLFkfr esa lq/kkj vk

x;kA Hkhrj Hkh cgqr lq/kkj vk;k vkSj var esa ckjh dh ^,s cnek’kks] rqe dke ds fy, vk, gks] [kkus ds fy, ugha]* ;g vdM+ckt]

jkschyh ?ku xTkZuk fiyfiyh gksrs&gksrs ,dne ean iM+ xbZA

canhx`g ds vUu rFkk mlds lsou ds lq/kkjksa ds iz;kl dk o`Ÿkkar izFke ikap Ng o”kksZ dk vFkkZr~ lk/kkj.kr% lu~ 1914&15 rd dk gSA

vkxs ns[k ldsaxs fd lds Ik’pkr~ jktcafn;ksa vkSj muds iz;kl ls esjs Hkkstu esa ifjorZu gks ik;kA

187

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&16

vkRegR;k] /kj&idM+ ,oa

nwljh&rhljh gM+rky

esjs izFke o”kZ ds Ng eghuksa esa eq>s loZFkk dBksjrkiwoZd dksBjh esa can j[kk x;k FkkA okLro esa vU; cafn;ksa dks izk;% Ng eghuksa esa gh

tsy ls eqDr djrs gq, ckgj Hkstk tkrk] ijarq tc vU; cafn;ksa dks dkjkxkj ls ckgj fudkyk tkrk rc dgha gesa dksBjh ls ckgj

fudkyk tkrkA¹43 ijarq og Hkh vU; cafn;ksa dh rjg yksxksa esa ?kqy&feydj cSBus ds fy, ugha] vfirq dsoy dksBjh ds fotuokl ls

fudydj }kj ds vkxs bekjr ds futZu vgkrs esa cSBus ds fy,A bruh dM+h O;oLFkk j[kh tkrh fd ogka ifjank Hkh ij ugha ekj ldrk

Fkk] u gh dksbZ gels ckr dj ldrkk FkkA fnu Hkj ml dksBjh ds lkeus cjkens esa cSBdj jLlh cVus dk dke djrs jgrs vkSj la/;k

gksrs gh iqu% mlh dksBjh esa can fd;k tkrk] ftlesa lqcg rd vdsys iM+s jguk iM+rkA bl rjg cjl chrrs jgsA dsoy Hkkstu ds fy,

nks ?kaVs ckgj vkrsA cl mlh le; yksxksa esa ?kqyus&feyus dk volj feyrkA

bl le; esjk O;ogkj Fkkus esa fuf’pr fd, x, dk;ZØe ds vuqlkj py jgk FkkA ;FkklaHko lkoZtfud fgrkFkZ iz;Rujr jgrs gq, Hkh

dkjkx`g ds fu;eksa dk ikyu djrs gq, dHkh&Uk&dHkh vf/kdkfj;ksa dks canhx`g ls ckgj Hkstus ds fy, ck/; fd;k tk,] rkfd mifuos’k esa

vf/kd ifj.kkedkjh izpkj djds viuh eqfDr dk Hkh dqN&u&dqN iz;kl djuk laHko gks& ;gh esjh uhfr dk izeq[k eeZ FkkA ,rnFkZ

cafn;ksa rFkk canh fu;eksa ds lq/kkj ls lacaf/kr la?k”kZ djrs gq, Hkh eSa bl ckr ds fy, lrdZ jgrk fd vf/kdkfj;ksa dks izdV :i e sa esjs

fo:} vfHk;ksx dk volj u feysA

43

Lkojdj dh ^canh* iqLrd dh fVIif.k;ksa ls irk pyrk gS fd mUgsa 15 tuojh] 1912 ds fnu dksBjh ls ckgj fudkyk x;kA

188

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vf/kdkfj;ksa dks gesa ckgj u Hkstus ds fy, izeq[k cgkuk ;g feyrk fd ^;g canh dke djus ls bUdkj djrk gS* vkSj LokHkkfod :i esa

dke djus ls BRdkj djus dk vijk/k dkjkx`g esa egku~ le>k tkrk] vr% eSa dfBu] lqyHk dksbZ Hkh dke lglk bUdkj us djrs gq,

djrk jgrkA dkjkxkj esa dke djus ls bUdkj djds tks lkoZtfud fgr eSa fl} dj ldrk] mlls Hkh dbZ xquk fgr eq>s canhx`g ls

ckgj fudyus dk volj feyrs gh fl} gks ldrk FkkA bruk gh ugha] esjh vafre eqfDr dh laHkkouk Hkh ckjg tkus esa gh vf/kd FkhA

blds fy, canhx`g esa tks lk/; Fkk] og lkoZtfud dk;Z fl} djus dk vkanksyu NksM+dj ughaA vfirq mls vU; mik;ksa }kjk tkjh

j[kdj ghA izdV :i esa mu fu;eksa dk mYy?kau u djrs gq, ftlls fd eq>ij vfHk;ksx pyk;k tk lds&eSa dk;Zjr Fkk gh] lkFk&lkFk

ckgj fudyus ds volj dh ryk’k esa Hkh iz;Rujr FkkA

jktcafn;ksa esa ls ftu yksxksa dks izFker% dkjkxkj ls ckgj Hkstk x;k] os fuf’pr vof/k ds naM izkIr vFkkZr~ ,sls canh Fks ftUg s a vkthou

dkysikuh ij ugha Hkstk x;k FkkA mUgsa rks ikap&pkj&rhu o”kksZa ds fy, gh Hkstk x;k FkkA muesa ls db;ksa dks ckgj cgqr dfBu dke

djuk iM+rkA fQj Hkh esjk muls ;gh vuqjks/k jgrk fd ^ckgj gh jgsaA vki yksxksa ds ckgj jgus ls /khjs&/khjs vkthou dksyikuh ds

jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh vkgj NksM+k tk,xkA ckgj jgdj vki izpkj dk;Z vf/kd dj ldrs gSaA vr% Hkys gh fdrus gh d”V gksa] mUgsa >sysa]

ijarq bUdkj djds vius vkidks iqu% dkjkx`g esa ykdj Bwalus dk volj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ;FkklaHko u nsa] tks os pkgrs gSaA* esjs bl

vuqjks/k ij os vlguh; d”V vkSj ;a=.kk,a >syrs gq, ckgj gh jgsA brus esa jkT;kjksg.k ds Ik’pkr~ igyh gM+rky ds ifj.kkeLo:i

ljdkjh vkns’k Hkh vk x;k fd vktUe jktcafn;ksa esa ls Hkh dqN pqfuank yksxksa dks ckgj NksM+k tk,A mlds vuqlkj nks&pkj tuksa dks

pqudj ckgj NksM+k x;kA dgus dh vko’;drk ugha fd muesa eSa ;k esjs ca/kq ugha Fks] rFkkfi muds tkus ls bruk fl} gks x;k fd

jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh ckgj Hkstk tk ldrk gSA vr% vkt ugha rks dy] gesa Hkh lgwfy;r nsus ds fy, vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ck/; djus dk ,d

vf/kd dkjxj lk/ku fey x;k] ;g ns[kdj geus /khjt j[kkA

tks jktcanh ckgj x, muesa ls dbZ Ms<+&nks o”kksZa rd dkjkx`g esa d”V >sy jgs FksA mUgsa eq>ls igys gh vaneku esa vkuk iM+k] vr%

d”Vksa dk izFke vk?kkr mUgsa lguk iM+kA muesa ls dqN yksxksa dks tc dksYgw ij yxk;k x;k rc dHkh&dHkh iBku vQlj mudh ukd ds

lkeus viuh eqV~Bh ds ,d izgkj ds lkFk rqEgkjh ukd rksM+ nwaxk] le>s\] muesa ls db;ksa dks uhp rFkk nq”V isVh vQljksa }kjk nh xbZ

bruh v’yhy] Hkn~nh

189

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Xkkfy;ka [kkuh iM+rha] ftudk bl ys[k esa mPpkj.k Hkh ugha fd;k tk ldrkA muesa ls dbZ f’kf{kr Fks] izk;% lHkh dqyhu rFkk laHkzkar

[kkunku ds vkSj brus fuHkhZd fd yksdfgr cqf} ls izfjr gksdj bl rjg ds ladVksa dk lkeuk dj ldrs Fks&mUgksaus ml voLFkk esa Hkh

fnu xqtkjsA muesa ls dqN yksxksa us u dsoy dky;kiu gh fd;k vfirq mu ladVksa ls nks&nks gkFk djds mu vR;kpkfj;ksa ds lkeus flj

>qdkus ls lkQ&euk fd;kA bl izdkj dkjkx`gh; vof/k lekIr djds mUgsa ckgj mifuos’k esa tc Hkstk x;k rc ge lHkh dks ;g vk’kk

Fkh fd vc muls lgwfy;r ds lkFk O;ogkj gksxk vkSj mUgsa vkjke feysxkA lk/kkj.k canhokuksa esa tks f’k{kk] ;ksX;rk rFkk lPpkbZ esa bu

jktcafn;ksa ds twrs mBkus dh Hkh ;ksX;rk ugha j[krs Fks] mUgsa ckgj DydZ] ys[kd] x.kd tSls inksa ij fu;qDr fd;k tkrk vkSj nl&ikap

canh mudks lsok ds fy, feyrsA vr% dksbZ Hkh ;g ugha dg ldrk fd jktcafn;ksa dks Hkys gh vf/kdkj u lgh] mudh ;g vkdka{kk

vuqfpr ugha Fkh fd mUgsa de&ls&de dksbZ cqf} dk] ys[kukfn dk;Z rks fey gh tk,xkA

Ijarq ‘kh/kz gh ,sls lekpkj vkus yxs fd jktcafn;ksa dks ckgj Hkh ogh d”Vizn dke fn, x, gSa] tSls Hkhrj fn, tkrs FksA jktcafn;ksa dks

,sls fdrus dfBu dk;Z djus iM+s ftu dkeksa ds Hk; ls os fu[kjs] eats gq, canh Hkh nokb;ka [kkdj jksx eksy ysrsA mu vkS”kf/k;ks a dks canh

tkurs Fks tks jksx mRiUu djrh gSaA vkS”kf/k ogh gS tks jksx dks nwj Hkxkrh gS&lk/kkj.k txr~ dh ;g O;k[;k bl myVs vanekuh txr~ esa

myVh gksuk Hkh rks LokHkkfod gSA

Toj ;k nLr dh nok gS D;k

bl rjg ,d canh nwljs ls nch rFkk >aq>ykrh vkokt esa iwNrk rks ml okD; dk vFkZ ;g ugha Fkk fd og nok tks Toj dks Hkxkrh gSA

vanekuh txr~ esa fdlh jksx dh nok dk vFkZ Fkk& og nok] tks jksx mRiUu djrh gSA lQsn dusj dh tM+ f?kldj [kkus ls [kwu ds nLr

‘kq: gks tkrs gSaA ?kko esa lwbZ ls flykbZ djus ds fy,& vc ;g Lej.k ugha fdlesa fHkxksdj&Mksjk fijks;k tk, rks og ?kko lM+ tkrk gS

vkSj Ng eghuksa rd [kfV;k idM+h tk ldrh gSA ;g lkjh tkudkjh lR; gS ;k feF;k] irk ugha( ysfdu izk;% lHkh yksx crkrs fd ;g

mudk vuqHko gSA vc dksYgw eas tqrus] ckgj ydM+h rksM+us] taxy dkVus] cqukbZ vkfn dkeksa ds Hk; ls izfrdwy tM+h&cqfV;ka rFkk

vkS”kf/k;ka [kkdj] vius iSjksa ij Lo;a ?kko cukdj] mls lM+kus ds fy, Mksjs Mkydj] lwbZ dks daB esa pqHkksdj vkSj ;g cgkuk djds fd

[kwu dh

190

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


myfV;ka gks jgh gSa vFkok Fkwd esa [kwu vk jgk gS vFkok ;g trkus ds fy, fd ikxyiu dk ukVd lp gS& rjg&rjg dh dksf’k’kas

gksrhA

ey&ew= eqag ij iksrdj fdafpr~ lsou djds Hkh tSls&rSls MkWDVjksa ds lkeus viuh chekjh vFkok ikxyiu dh lR;rk fl} djus ds

fy, iz;Rujr canh gekjs gh ugha vfirq mu ;kf=;ksa ds Hkh] tks vaneku esa g¶rs Hkj ds fy, gh Bgjs gksrs] voyksdu esa vk, fcuk ugha

jgrsA ;s canh MkWDVjksa dh vka[kksa esa ckj&ckj /kwy >ksadrsA blls cspkjk MkWDVj ;g ugha tku ikrk fd lPpk jksxh dkSu gS\ bl izdkj

dk vizkekf.kdrk dk vH;kl nwj djus ds fy, mu yksxksa ij] tks bl rjg ds jksx mRiUu djrs gSa] vfHk;ksx pykdj muds LoLFk gksrs

gh mu ij casr cjlk, tkrsA ;|fi ;g lc Hkys gh lR; gks] ijarq ftl dke ds Hk; ls bl rjg <hB cnek’k Hkh tku&cq>dj fo”kSyh

tM+h&cqfV;kas dk lsou djds 104&5ñ rd Toj p<+kdj rM+irs jgrs vFkok ,slh nokb;ka xVdrs] ftuls [kwu ds lrr nLr gksrs vkSj

mUgsa isV ‘kwy dh O;Fkk ls rM+iuk iM+rk] mUgsa ;g lc lkis{kr% vf/kd vkjkenk;h izrhr gksrkA og dke rFkk ifjJe esa vFkok

pksjh&Mkdstuh tSls O;olk; esa O;rhr gqvk ftl dke dk d”V Hk;adj izrhr gksrk gS] ,sls dke tc cqf}thoh laHkzkar oxZ esa iys

jktcafn;ksa dks fn, x, rc ;g dgus dh vko’;drk gh ugha fd mUgsa fdruk d”V gqvk gksxkA

jksx Hkh Hkksx gh izrhr gksrs

,sls gh d”Vizn dke ftu jktcafn;ksa dks canhx`g ls ckgj fudyus ij Hkh fn, x,] mudh nqnZ’kk ds dqN mnkgj.k mUgha ds ‘kCnksa esa ns

jgs gSaA Jh misnzukFk cuthZ dgrs gSa&

^gels igys lu~ 1857 ds jkT; Økafrdkfj;ksa esa ls tks Økafrdkjh canh vktUe dkjkokl dk naM ysdj dkysikuh vk, Fks] muesa ls izk;%

dksbZ Hkh thforkoLFkk esa Lons’k okil ugha ykSVk& ;g ckr] mu vlguh; d”Vksa dks mBkrs le; esjs eu esa cuh jgrhA rc eu djrk]

,d jLlk ysdj xys esa Qank Mky bl deZ Hkksx ls ,dne eqfDr ij tkÅaA ijarq eq>ls ;g lkgl ugha cu iM+kA pqipki ;FkklaHko

,M+h&pksVh ,d djrs gq, rsy dk dksVk iwjk djus fy, dksYgw pykrk jgkA ,d fnu dk Lej.k gS&izkr%dky ls la/;k rd dksYgw

pykrs&pykrs nsg dk”Bor~ gks xbZ] gkFkksa esa QksM+s mHkjdj Nkys iM+ x,] ijarq chl ikSaM rsy dk dksVk iwjk ugha gqvkA pDdj vk jgk

Fkk] chp&chp esa isVh vQlj dh v’yhy] Hkn~nh xkfy;kas dh ckSNkj àn; ij likli dksM+s cjlk jgh FkhA ,slh voLFkk esa la/;k le;

eq>s canhiky ds lkeus [kM+k fd;k x;kA mlus cM+h vHknz Hkk”kk esa gekjk fir`Jk} djds& ekrk&firjksa dk

191

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


m}kj djds& /kedk;k] ^rqe ij casr cjlk, tk,axsA* ogka ls ykSVdj yksgs dh Fkkyh esa Hkkr [kkus cSBkA nq%[k vkSj vieku dk

Tokykeq[kh isV esa HkM+d mBk] daB vo:} gks x;k] xzkl xys ds uhps ugha mrj jgk FkkA brus esa ,d fganw isVh vQlj us nzfor gksdj

ijlS, ls xqipqi dgk] ^vjs] mUgsa FkksM+k pkoy vkSj nksA ckcw yksx d”V esa gSaA*

;g lqurs gh ,dne ph[kdj :ykbZ QwV iM+h vkSj vius gh gkFkksa ls viuk gh xyk nckrs gq, eSa mls jksdus yxkA ,slh n’kk esa fdlh

us ihB ij ykBh ekjh gksrh rks Hkh mls lg ysrk] ijarq lgkuqHkwfr ds ;s cksy lguk Hkkjh iM+ jgk FkkA*

viekfur thou ls ej tkuk vPNk

,d ;qod dks] ftudk uke banqHkw”k.k Fkk] ekf.kdrYyk “kM~;a= esa nl o”kksaZ dk naM gqvk FkkA canhx`g esa mls Hkh dksYgw dh vkSj vU; d”Vksa

dk Lokn p[kuk iM+kA tks yksx ckgj fudys muesa og Hkh FkkA ijarq ckgj tkdj ns[kk rks Hkhrj ds dk;Z ls dqN vf/kd gydh&Qqydh

vkSj dqN vf/kd lqfo/kka, izkIr gksuk rks nwj] mls dfBu dke gh fn;k x;k] tSls Hkhrj fn;k x;k FkkA ckgj ;fn dksbZ canh chekj iM+

tk, rks ml cgkus ls mls ckgj ds lkis{kr% vf/kd lqfo/kktud :X.kky; esa Hkstk tkrkA ijarq ;fn jktcanh chekj iM+s rks mls vius

chekj gksus dk Hkh vijk/k dh rjg naM Hkqxruk iM+rk( D;kasfd mls rqjar ml Toj esa vFkok nLr ds pyrs viuk fcLrj flj ij

mBkdj viuh Fkkyh gkFk esa idM+dj nks&pkj&ikap ehy nwj iSny tkdj iqu% ml lsY;qyj dkjkx`g dk Hkh”k.k }kj ns[kuk iM+rk vkSj

Hkhrj izos’k djrs gh dksBjh esa can gksdj jguk iM+rkA banqHkw”k.k bl d”V ls Åc x;kA var esa fu:ik; gksdj mlus canhokl Lohdkj

fd;kA naMk&csM+h] gFkdfM+;ka viukbZ] ijarq bu d”Vksa dks Vkyus ds fy, dke djus ls Li”V Budkj fd;kA mls naM fn;k x;kA iqu%

dkjkx`g esa Bwalk x;kA vkrs g ckjh us dgk] ^^rqe okil D;kas ykSV vk,\ rqe D;k le>rs gks] ckgj dke djus ls eqag eksM+us ij

dkjkxkj dh dksBjh esa can gksdj lq[kiwoZd jg ldksxs\ fcydqYk ughaA tkvks] bls dksYgw esa ys tkvksA** cl fQj D;k Fkk! mls rqjar

dksYgw esa tksrk x;kA og >aq>yk;kA geus mls dkQh /khjt ca/kk;k] ^^rqEgsa rks dsoy ikap&nl o”kksaZ dk naM gqvkA gesa vkthou dkjkokl

gSA vr% gekjh vksj ns[kdj eu dks laHkkyksA** ‘kke dks rsy ys tkrs le; eSaus mlls xqIr HksaV dhA cl] nks&pkj ‘kCn gh cksy ik;kA

mlus dgk] oSls og fuR; gh dgrk] ^^fN%! bl uhp eku[kaMuk esa thfor jgus ls vPNk gS e`R;q dks xys yxkuk] ^^eSaus iqu% mls /khjt

ca/kk;k vkSj dgk]^^Lons’k&LokFkZ ds fy, izk.kksa dk R;kx djuk ftl rjg ije drZO; gS] mlh rjg esjs HkkbZ] eku&vieku dk R;kx

djuk Hkh iquhr drZO; gh gSA vHkh rd rqe esjs

192

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


leku gh iPphl ds vanj&ckgj gks vkSj eq>ls vf/kd eqfDr dh vk’kk rqEgsa gSA vr% /khjt j[kksA vHkh rks d”V >syrs gq, th yks]

ftlls Hkfo”; esa eqfDr feyrs gh iqu% Hkkjr ekrk dh lsok dj ldksA** bl rjg gM+cM+h esa pkj ‘kCnksa dks laokn gks x;kA nks&pkj fnu

mlus fudkysA izfrfnu la/;k le; ilhus ls yFkiFk] ukfj;y dh Hkwlh ls flj ls ikao rd ‘kjhj luk gqvk] ikao esa csfM+;ka&chl&chl

ikSaM rsy ls Hkjh ckYVh Nydkrs rFkk da?ks ij Hkwls dk cksjk <ksrs] >qds gq, uax&/kMax banq dk n’kZu e S a nwj ls djrkA ge lHkh mlh rjg

py jgs FksA brus esa ,d fnu izkr%dky ds le; dksBfj;kas ds }kj [kqy x,& ge ckgj fudy gh jgs Fks fd okWMZj us xqipqi eq>s crk;k]

^^fdlh dks esjk uke er crkuk] banq us Qkalh yxk yh gSA**¹44

eq>s tSls dkB ekj x;kA fofLer gks eqag QkM+s eSa ns[krk gh jg x;kA vHkh dy gh rks lq/;k le; gV~Vs&dV~Vs xBhys lqn`<+ cnu dk og

;qod dksBjh esa ckrsa djrs can gks x;k FkkA izkr%dky mBdj ns[kk rks vius gh diM+s QkM+dj muls cukbZ Mksjh ls xys esa Qank yxkdj]

VwVh xjnu] thHk ckgj fudyh gqbZ] nksuksa Vkaxs <hyh&<kyh yVdrh gqbZ voLFkk esa Åijokyh f[kM+dh esa yVdk gqvkA ml vfHkekuh dks

viekfur thou ls e`R;q vf/kd lq[kdj izrhr gqbZA

,slk vkHkkl gksus yxk b/kj&m/kj lc txg d`”.kNk;k QSyh gqbZ gSA ml dkjkxkj esa yxHkx nks eghuksa esa dksbZ&u&dksbZ bl rjg xys esa

Qank Mkydj e`R;q dks xys yxkrk( ijarq jktcanh ds :i esa banq gh igyh ckj Qank yxkdj ejk FkkA esjk eu dgus yxk] ,d fnu

rqEgkjh Hkh ;gh voLFkk gksxhA bl o”kksZa esa gh Åcdj og py clk] rqEgsa rks iwjs ipkl o”kksaZ dk naM gS vFkkZr~ rqEgsa ejus ds vfrfjDr

dksbZ mik; ughaA

ijarq bu nq%[kn fopkjksa esa xfyr /kS;Z gksdj ‘kkar CkSBus ds fy, Hkh ckjh lkgc us Ik;kZIr vodk’k ugha fn;k] D;kasfd nks&rhu ?kaVksa esa gh

lekpkj fey x;k fd bl lR; dks fNikus ds fy, fd banqHkw”k.k us d”Vksa ls Åcdj vkRegR;k dh] ckjh us iwNrkN ds nkSjku bl rjg

myVk&iyVk fo/kku fl} djus dk iz;kl fd;k fd banq us ikxyiu ds nkSjs vFkok vkilh eueqVko ds vkos’k esa vkRegR;k dhA ejrs

le; banq us ,d fpV~Bh xys esa cka/k yh FkhA ml le; mifLFkr izk;% lHkh cafn;ksa dk dguk Fkk fd ckjh us mls fNikdj j[kkA banqHkw”k.k

ds vkRedFku d og fpV~Bh fNikdj ckjh us vius fiV~Bqvksa }kjk ;g lekpkj Qsyk;k fd ;g ljklj vlR; gS fd banq d”V] ifjJe

ls ej x;kA FkksM+h gh nsj esa fof/k vuqlkj ofj”B vf/kdkjh tkap&iM+rky ds fy, vk x,A muds lkeus ckjh us xokgLo:i jktc afn;ksa

esa ls mu ,d&

44

29 vizSy] 1912 ds fnu banqHkw”k.k us vRegR;k dhA

193

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


nks xokgksa ls] ftUgksaus mUgha dh gka&esa&gka feykus dk ozr fy;k Fkk] ;gh mxyok;k fd ^fljfQjk Fkk] ej x;kA* ;g ugha dgk fd d”V

vlá gksus ls og py clkA ijarq b/kj lans’k&ij&lans’k Hkstdj esjs foHkkx ds jktcafn;ksa us lHkh dks fuf’pr djok;k fd Qkalh dk

dkj.k vkdfLed ikxyiu vFkok vkilh dyg ugha] vfirq vlguh; d”V] vR;kpkj] vk’kk’kwU;rk gh gS% vkSj tSls&rSls ,d ,sls

jktcanh dk uke] tks ckjh ls Hk;Hkhr ugha Fkk] xokg ds :i esa vkrs gh mlds }kjk banq ds d”Vksa dk dPpk fpV~Bk vf/kdkfj;ksa ds

lkeus [kqyok;kA bykgkckn ds ^LojkT;* i= ds laikndksa esa ls tks rhu&pkj lwjek vkSj fuHkhZd ;qod jktcafn;ksa esa vk, gq, Fks] muesa

ls ,d us xokgh nh vkSj fdlh izdkj ds Hk; vFkok Mjkus&/kedkus dh ijokg u djrs gq, Li”V ‘kCnksa esa crk;k fd ban q d”Vksa ls

Åcdj ejk FkkA banq vkSj esjs chp esa tks laHkk”k.k gqvk Fkk og Hkh eSaus lcdks crk;kA ijarq iwNrkN esa ckjh eq>s xokgh ds fy, ugha

cqyk jgk FkkA la/;k le; ckjh esjs ikl vk;k vkSj eq>s iqpdkjrs gq, dgus yxk fd Lo;a banq us fy[kk gS fd eSa vkilh dygo’k ejus

tk jgk gwaA rc eSaus dgk] ^^rksfQj og fpV~Bh lkeus D;ksa ugha vkbZ\ iwNrkN esa ckr c<+kus dh vis{kk;g vizR;{k izek.k vkids fo/kku

dk leFkZd gksrs gq, Hkh vkius bls vkxs D;ksa ugha fd;k\ vc Hkh vki eq>s og fpV~Bh fn[kkb,A nks&rhu fnu igys Lo;a banq ls esjk

izR;{k laHkk”k.k vkSj ^ge rks ,slh d”Vizn voLFkk esa bl cjl thuk ugha pkgrs] ^;g mlds vU; yksxksa ds ladV ds le; dgs mn~xkj

gSa vkSj gekjs tkurs gq, Hkh vki dgrs gSa fd og vpkud flj fQjus ls ej x;kA vPNk ;g ekuk fd vpkud flj fQjus ls ej

x;k] rFkkfi ;g iz’u rks ‘ks”k jgrk gh gS fd mldk fnekx bruk fucZy] fu%’kDr rFkk {kh.k/kS;Z dSls gqvk fd bl lk/kkj.k fufeŸk ls

og fQj tk,\ ,d ,sls ns’kizseh dk fnekx] ftlus Hk;adj “kM~;a= jps] Qkalh] dkykikuh] fo’okl?kkr] canh’kkyk] canhokl vkfn vk?kkr

galrs&galrs >sys vkSj vusd ckj vius lg;ksfx;ksa d lkFk py jgs LokHkkfod fooknksa ds iPkM+ksa esa Hkh dHkh fljfQjsiu vFkok

fpM+fpM+kgV dks tjk Hkh O;Dr ugha fd;kA ge jktcafn;ksa esa vdlj gh ,slh ppkZ,a fNM+rh tks fdlh Hkh ns’k ds jktcafn;ksa esa

foiUukoLFkk eas LokHkkfod :i ls mRiUu gksrh gSaA mu ppkZvksa dk vlj fdlh ij Hkh ugha gqvk tks bl ppkZ esa Hkkx ysrs FksA bldk

ifj.kke banq tSls iDds cqf} ds ;qod ij dSls gqvk tks fuR; gh fooknksa ds /kDds] pisVs lgrk vk;k Fkk\ Hkyk mldk eu bruh nqcZy

voLFkk rd fdlus igqapk;k\ dkj.k\ vlguh; d”VA tsy esa d”V] ckgj Hkh tgka tkrk Fkk ogka vlã d”V vkSj ;kruk,aA iqu% dke

dks udkjrk gqvk Hkhrj vk;k rks LokxrkFkZ dksYgw rS;kjA vr% og Li”V dgus yxk] ^eSa Qkalh yxkdj ej tkÅaxk* vkSj blhfy,

194

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


og ejkA ;g dgus ij Hkh fd ^og fljfQjk gks x;k Fkk* ;g iz’u lqy>krs le; fd mldk flj D;ksa fQj x;k& iqu% vkidks mlh

lR; dks Lohdkj djuk gksxkA** bl rjg esjk ckjh lkgc ds lkFk laokn gqvkA lkgc egksn; dk dksiHkktu cuus ds esjs fy, tks vusd

dkj.k Fks] muesa ,d egŸoiw.kZ dkj.k ;g Fkk fd eSa Li”V :i esa ;g izfrikfnr djrk jgk fd banq dh Qkalh dk mŸkjnkf;Ÿo mu

;krukvksa ij gS tks dkjkokl esa jktcafn;ksa dks Hkksxuh iM+rh gSaA oSls ml Hk;adj fLFkfr esa ftUgksaus ckjh ds Mj ls pqi jgus dk lkgl

Hkh ugha fn[kk;k] mUgksaus eq>s ;g ugha crk;k Fkk fd banq dkjkoklh; ;a=.kkvksa ls Åcdj xys esa Qank Mkydj ugha ejk] ijarq Hk;izn

fLFkfr esa ifjorZu vkrs gh os Hkh vkt [kqysvke crk jgs gSa fd banq d”Vksa ls Åcdj ej x;k vkSj mldk mŸkjnkf;Ÿo ml i}fr ij gS

ftlds rgr vaneku esa jktcafn;ksa dks ;kruk,a >syuh iM+rh gSaA ij mUgksaus ;g vPNk fd;k fd Hk;izn voLFkk lekIr gksrs gh lR;

mxykA vU;Fkk igys Hk;o’k lR; dk mn~?kkVu ugha djuk vkSj Ik’pkr~ bl nqjkxzg ls fd igys lR; ugha crk;k rks vc dSls crk,a]

vusd ekeyksa esa ,sls mnkgj.k Hkh de ugha gSaA

banqHkw”k.k ds ikl tks iqLrdsa miyC/k Fkh] muesa ,d fFk;kslkWQh dh iqLrd Hkh FkhA ckjh ds fy, ;g vko’;d Fkk fd fganqLFkku ljdkj ds

ikl mlds dkjkx`g dh f’kdk;r u igqaps] tks i;Zos{kd] phQ dfe’uj vkfn ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa ls gksdj igqaprh FkhA banqHkw”k.k dkjkx`gh;

;krukvksa ls ugha ejk] ;g fl} djus ds fy, mUgksaus ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k fd fFk;ksLkkWQh dh iqLrd gh mldh Qkalh ds fy, mŸkjnk;h

gS] D;kasfd bu iqLrdksa ls cqf} {kh.k gksrh gS euq”; ukd vkfn idM+us ds O;lu esa Qaldj ikxy cu tkrk gSA ;g ugha dgk tk

ldrk fd ckjh lkgc dh bl vafre miifŸk ij fganqLFkku ljdkj us fdruk fo’okl fd;k] ijarq banq ds fg anqLFkku fLFkr ca/kq us gB

fd;k fd bldh iwNrkN dh tk,] rFkkfi ml le; rd rks ;g fookn lekIrizk; gh FkkA cl fQj D;k Fkk\ bl vk?kkr ls fd banq

Qkalh ls x;k&tks thfor jgs] os Hkh vius fnu fxuus yxsA iksVZ Cysvj dk og mn~naM ijes’oj ljsvke dgus yxk fd banq dh Qkalh ds

laca/k eas rqe yksxksa us pkgs ftruk ‘kksj fd;k] ijarq esjk rks cky Hkh ckadk ugha gqvkA jktcafn;ksa dks ,sls dqN Hkh vlguh; d”V ugha

>syus iM+rs vkSj vaneku esa mudh fLFkfr ;FkklaHko lqlã gSA ,sls izfro`Ÿk ¼fjiksVZ½ vkus&tkus yxs fd brus esa ,d Hk;adj nq?kZVuk ?kV

xbZA

grHkkxh banq fo’o ds lkeus viuk bfrgkl mtkxj ugha dj ldkA ijarq ;g nwljh nq?kZVuk] ftlds laca/k esa ?kVh] og ,d vU; jktcanh

FkkA

195

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


mYykldj nŸk

mYykldj nŸk us lkSHkkX;o’k ckjg&rsjg o”kksZa ds Ik’pkr~ eqfDr feyus ij viuk o`Ÿk tSls Hkh Lej.k Fkk] mruk fy[kkA vr% mudk

o`Ÿkkar muds gh ‘kCnksa esa FkksM+k lk lqu ysaA ekf.kdrYyk “kM~;a= dkaM ds ;qokvksa ij muds }kjk dke ls euk djus ds vkjksi ij tks

eqdnek vaneku esa pyk] mlds eftLVsªV us Hkh ;g dgk Fkk] ^Ullaskar is one of the noblest boy. I have ever seen but he is too

idealistic.* ml ^mnkŸk ;qod* dh bl dBksj dkjkx`g esa dSlh nqxZr cuh] og mlh ds ‘kCnksa e sa lqusa&

^gekjs fganqLFkku esa ftl rjg dksYgw gksrk gS mlh rjg ds ,d dksYgw esa eq>s tkrk x;kA gekjs ns’k esa ;s dksYgw cSy pykrs gSaA ;s cSy

fnu Hkj dksYgw ds bnZfxnZ PkDdj dkVdj vf/kd&ls&vf/kd lksyg ikSaM ljlksa dk rsy fudkyrs gSa] ijarq vaneku esa cSyk sa ds Lfkku ij

dksYgw esa euq”; dks tksrk tkrk gS vkSj ogh rsy mlls izfrfnu vLlh ikSaM fudyok;k tkrk gSA dksYgw esa rhu tuksa dks yxk;k tkrk gSA

Hkkstu ds pan feuVksa dks NksM+dj izkr%dky ls lk;adky rd ;s yksx ;g Hk; lokj jgrk gS fd rsy iwjk ugha gksxkA ;fn dksbZ rfud

lqLrk;k rks lef>, fd fudV gh [kM+s isVh vQlj dk MaMk rM+kd ls ihB ij te gh x;kA bl ekjihV ls Hkh ;fn dksbZ Hkkx ugha

ldk rks mlds gks’k fBdkus ij ykus dh vU; mŸkstd vkS”kf/k Fkh ml lqLr canh dks ml dksYgw dh cYyh ls gkFk&ikao cka/kdj tdM+uk

vk Sj vU; O;fDr;ksa dks Hkkxus dk vkns’k nsukA vFkkZr~ og O;fDr Hkwfe ij gh ?klhVk tkdj ygwyqgku gks tkrkA flj /kM+k/kM+ Vdjkrk]

eqag QV tkrkA eSaus izR;{k mnkgj.k ns[kk gS&gk;&gk;! euq”; us gh euq”; dh dSlh xr cukbZ gS! bl izdkj dksYgw pykdj la/;k le;

Fkdk&ekank eSa dksBjh esa can gksus pyk tkrk] rc eq>s ugha yxrk fd dy iqu% mBrkA ge dgk djrs&ekStwnk fLFkfr dk lkeuk djuk

gksxk] ijarq gekjs lkFk vk, gq, lk/kkj.k canh fu;ekuqlkj Ng eghuksa ds Ik’pkr~ dkjkxkj ls ckgj Hksts x,A vkSj Hkh Vksfy;ksa d s Åij

Vksfy;ka vk /kedrh& Ng&Ng eghus canhx`g esa jgdj ckgj NwV tkrh] ijarq ge oSls&ds&oSls gh vanj lM+&xy jgs Fks] tSls o”kksZa ls FksA

vkf[kj ,d fnu gesa dkjkx`g ls ckgj Hkstus dk vkns’k vk x;kA ijarq ;g eqfDr ,slh Fkh] tSls pwYgs ls fudkydj HkkM+ esa >ksadk t k,A

D;ks afd ckgj tkus ds Ik’pkr~ Hkh eq>s ftl bykds esa Hkstk x;k] mlesa bZaVksa dk dke fn;k x;k vFkkZr~ eq>s izkr%dky ls ysdj nksigj

rd xhyh bZVksa dks ykrs&igqapkrs gq, vfojr Hkkxuk iM+rkA ;g dke lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dks

196

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Hkh bruk mckÅ rFkk Jeiw.kZ izrhr gksrk fd mUgsa FkksM+s ls nw/k dk izyksHku fn[kk;k tkrk] rkfd os bl dke esa yxs jgsaA ijarq ;g nw/k

cafn;ksa dh Fkkyh esa iM+rs gh mlij isVh vQlj vFkok raMsy dh fx} n`f”V iM+rhA eq>s Hkh nw/k feyus yxk] ijarq eSaus b/kj&m/kj u

ns[krs gq, mls xV ls xys ds uhps mrkj fn;kA FkksMs+ gh fnuksa ds Ik’pkr~ esjs }kjk Hkksx u p<+kus ds dkj.k raMsy egk’k; vkis ls ckgj

gksus yxsA vU; cafn;ksa dk nw/k mls feyrk Fkk] vr% mlus esjh ml dke ij cnyh dh tgka nw/k ugha Hkjs nks fMCcksa dh cgaxh ;k dkaoj

ij igqapkukA eu&eu dk cks> vkSj igkM+h dh p<+kbZA izfriy ikao fQlydj uhps fxjdj ejus dk Hk;] ikuh Hkj&Hkjdj Fkd tkus

ij Hkh dbZ fnuksa rd tSls&rSls fuHkk;k ijarq vc LokLF; d fy, vlguh; gks x;kA vr% dke udkjus ds vfrfjDr vU; dksbZ pkjk

ugha FkkA th dM+k djds ,d fnu&nks&Vwd tokc ns fn;k&tkvks] ugha djrk dkeA tks th esa vk, djksA -------vfHk;ksx pyk;k x;kA

eftLVsªV us cgqrsjk le>k;kA dgus yxs] dqN fnu vLirky esa foJke djksA ijarq vkt rd Hkqxrs gq, lHkh d”Vksa] ;krukvksa ds Ik’pkr ~

eq>s fo’okl gks x;k Fkk fd ge jktcanh pkgs ftruk dBksj ifjJe djsa mruk gh vf/kd tksrs tk,axsA fQj eSa D;ksa bruk d”V >sywa\ os

esjs ‘kjhj ij vf/kdkj trk ldrs gSa( ijarq vius eu ij] vius eu ij] viuh vkRek ij eSa Lo;a D;ksadj mUgsa vf/kdkj trkus nwa\

eSaus Bku fy;k] eSa Lo;a viuh nsg dks nkl cukus dk dk;Z ugha d:axka eq>s rhu ekl dk vfr dBksj ifjJe dk naM ns fn;k x;kA iqu%

dkjkx`g esa Mkyk x;k] iqu% ogh d”Vizn dkjkoklA }kj ij gh [kM+k gSA ;gka dk vuq’kklu rksM+k] dkepksjh dh rks dksM+s cjlkÅaxkA

tkurs gks] csar dSls gksrs gSa&,sls fd ,d&,d QVdkj ds lkFk ,d&,d bap xgjs rqEgkjs ekal esa /kaldj pqHksaxsA rhl casr ek:axkA** eSaus

mŸkj fn;k] ^^vki esjh cksVh&cksVh dj nhft,A eSa dke ugha d:axkA esjs fopkj ls vkids fy, dke djuk vuSfrd gSA** cl fQj D;k

Fkk\ canhiky us rqjar eq>s gFkdfM +;ka Mkydj vkB fnu yVdkus dk vkns’k fn;kA brus esa esjs lkeus ,d vk’p;Ztud n`’; izdV gqvkA

eq>s vkHkkl gqvk ¼vc eSa dg jgk gwa fd eq>s vkHkkl gqvk] ijarq rc eq>s izrhr gqvk fd ;g lR; ?kVuk gS½ canhiky ckjh us eq>ls

dgk] ^^rqeus esjk vieku fd;k gSA**

197

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ckjh ds lkFk }an;q}

^rqEgkjh vksj ls dksbZ izfrfuf/k gks rks cqykvks mlsA esjs fopkj ls rqEgkjh vksj ls rqEgkjk i{k ysdj lkokjdj }an;q} djsxk] ^bl rjg

ckrsa djrs&djrs mlus nwjHkk”k }kjk lkojdj dks cqYkk;kA ,d O;fDr vkxs c<+k] tks lkojdj tSlk fn[krk Fkk] ij mlls vf/kd d`’k

FkkA canhiky us muls iwNk] ^mYykl dk i{k ysdj vki }an;q} djsaxs\* mUgksaus gkeh Hkj nhA rqjar canhiky ckjh us pqukSfrLo:i ,d

gkFkekstk Qsadk vkSj lkojdj dks ,d vL= Fkek;kA ml le; eSa vR;ar mRlqdrk ds lkFk vius izfrfuf/k vkSj ckjh ds ml }a};q} dh

vksj ns[krk jgk vkSj tc a a a a ckjh vkSj lkojdj ds ml l’kL= }a};q} esa gekjs i{k dh thr gqbZ vkSj lkojdj }kjk Qsadk gqvk

gkFkekstk QV ls ckjh ds eqag ls Vdjk;k rks mldk eqag mrj x;kA rc eq>s cgqr vkuan vk;k a a abrus esa eq>s gks’k vk x;kA og n`’;

fi?kydj vn`’; gks x;k vkSj eSa gFkdfM+;kas esa tdM+k [kM+k FkkA eq>s iqu% gFkdM+h ds ikl [kM+k dj gFkdM+h esa esjk gkFk Mkydj] rkyk

Bksaddj eq>s yVdk;k x;kA mlh le; eq>s dqN gjkjr lh izrhr gksus yxhA eSa nhokj ls fVdk oSls gh [kM+k jgkA lkeus ls lwjt dh

fdj.ksa eq>s lrr rik jgh FkhA esjk Toj c<+ jgk FkkA dHkh&dHkh eq>s bl rjg dk n`’; fn[kkbZ nsus yxk fd eq>s cyiwoZd dksbZ fo”kSyh

nok fiyk jgk gS a a a abl foy{k.k n`’; ds ckn ,d lUukVk&lk gqvk] rHkh MkWDVj vk;kA eq>s lnhZ yx jgh Fkh&107ñ Toj FkkA eSa

Xykfu esa gh gFkdM+h esa >wy jgk FkkA ¼blls iwoZ nks ckj eq>s Toj p<+us dk lekpkj dk;kZy; esa Hkstk x;k Fkk] ijarq gFkdfM+;kas ls eqDr

djus dk vkns’k ugha fn;k x;k Fkk½A blds Ik’pkr~ eq>s gFkdfM+;ksa ls fudkyk x;kA eSa yxHkx lq/k&cq/k [kks pqdk Fkk vkSj Hk;adj >Vds

[kkus yxkA*

og e/;kà dk le;

gesa Kkr gks pqdk Fkk fd mYykldj gFkdM+h esa [kM+k gSA ijarq tSlkfd Åij mlds dF; esa of.kZr gS fd mlds Kkurarq brus nqCkZy gk s

pqds Fks fd mls foy{k.k vkHkkl gksus yxsA ml ij Toj dk Uk’kk lk Nkus yxk Fkk vkSj gesa bl ckr dk jŸkh Hkj Hkh Kku ugha Fkk fd

bruk dqN gksrs gq, HKh og gFkdM+h esa gh FkkA ge ;wa gh dksBjh ds }kj ij [kM+s jgs Fks] brus esa vpkud d.kZdVq ph[ksa vkSj

idM+&/kdM+ dk dksykgy lqukbZ fn;kA isV esa xM~<k lk iM+ x;kA bl rjg ds dksykgy vkSj ph[k&iqdkj vaneku ds ml dkjkxkj esa

,d lk/kkj.k ?kVuk Fkh] vr% mudk Hk;izn vFkZ Hkh lk/kkj.kr% lHkh dks Kkr FkkA fdlh canh dks ^Bhd djus* ds fy, mlij vpkud

ikap&nl okWMZj] isVh vQlj vkØe.k djrs gq, mls dksBjh esa can djds mldh :bZ

198

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dh rjg /kqukbZ djrs vkSj mlds Ik’pkr~ lHkh Hkkx tkrs vkSj rc rd ugha feyrs tc rd xokgh dk pDdj izkjaHk ugha gksrk&bl izdkj

dh ph[kksa dk ;gh vFkZ gksrk FkkA vr% gekjs gks’k blfy, mM+us yxs fd dgha vkt fdlh jktcanh dks rk s ^Bhd* ugha fd;k tk jgk gS\

ckjh vkSj isVh vQlj dbZ ckj ljsvke dgrs] ,dk/k ckj jktcafn;ksa esa ls ,d&nks >xM+kyqvksa dks ^Bhd dj fn;k* rks buds reke

vkanksyu vkSj vdM+ fudy tk,xhA okWMZj ls iwNk] ^^ph[ksa vk jgh gSa] D;k ekeyk gS\** mlus dgk] ^^eSa ugha tkurkA** àn; dks phjrh

gqbZ ikxy ph[ksa dkuksa ls vfojr :i ls Vdjkus yxhA ikpaos Øekad ds d{k ls ikap&nl yksx fdlh dks ?klhVdj] fxjkrs gq, :X.kky;

esa mBkdj ys tk jgs gSa] og ph[k jgk gS&/kM+ke ls fxj jgk gS] fPkYy&iksa eph gSA brus esa ,d OkkWMZj Hkkxk&Hkkxk vkdj

QqlQqlk;k&mYykldj ikxy gks x;k!*

gka] vaxkj cjlkrh /kwi esa ridj mlds ‘kjhj dk Toj c<+rs&c<+rs 107ñ tk igaqpk] ysfdu fQj Hkh mls gFkdfM+;ksa esa tdM+dj [kM+k

fd;k x;k FkkA mlds Kkurarq] tks igys gh o”kksaZ ls dkjkoklh; ;a=ukvksa dk f’kdkj gksdj Hkzked n`’; ns[kus dh gn rd {kh.k cu pqds

Fks] fucqZ} gks x, vkSj mls mUekn gks x;kA ‘kjhj esa Hk;adj ,saBu gksus yxh vkSj og nl yksxksa ls Hkh laHkkyk ugha tk jgk FkkA

tSls&rSls MkWDVj us mls :X.kky; esa ys tkdj iVd fn;kA mYykldj vR;ar galksM+ LoHkko dk O;fDr FkkA Qkalh dk Qslyk gksus ij Hkh

og fuR; galh&fBBksyh djrk jgrkA mldk og O;aX;&fouksn mReknkoLFkk esa Hkh mldk lkFk ugha NksM+ jgk FkkA jkr Hkj ph[krs&fpYykrs]

vlã nk:.k ;kruk,a Hkqxrrs og ukukfo/k if{k;ksa dk lgh&lgh Loj fudkyrk gqvk mUekn Hkjs Bgkds yxk jgk FkkA ml jkr gekjh

vka[k ugha yx jgh FkhA

;g fuHkhZd] galeq[k] galksM+ mYykldj tks Qkalh dk naM lqudj Hkh dgdgs yxk jgk Fkk] og mYykldj ikxy gks tk;A bl rjg dh

;kruk,a viuk ‘kjhj Hkh dgka rd lg ldrk gS&vius Kkurarq Hkh dgka rd ,slk Toj lg ldsaxs&blh vk’kdk ls gj vkthou dkjkokl

izkIr jktcanh fopfyr gksus yxk& mYykldj dh ,d&,d ph[k mlds àn; esa Mj mRiUu dj jgh FkhA rFkkfi ml jkr FkksM+h&cgqr vk’kk

Fkh fd vf/kdkjh vkdj iwNrkN djds vc Hkh mlds lkFk ;Fkksfpr O;ogkj djsaxsA ijarq izkr%dky vka[k [kqyrs gh :X.kky; ls u Hkwrks

u Hkfo”;fr ddZ’k Øanu lqukbZ nsus yxk] ^vek! vEkk!* bl izdkj caxyk esa d:.k ddZ’k ph[k&iqdkj lrr xwatus yxhA ektjk D;k gS\

dksbZ dgrk&;g ns[kus ds fy, fd mYykldj okdbZ ikxy gks x;k gS ;k <ksax dj jgk gS] vf/kdkjh mls ^fo|qr~* yxk jgs gSaA eq>s ;g

199

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


d`R; vlaHkouh; izrhr gqvkA ijarq Lo;a dgus ls fd ;g lR; gS ;k feF;k& mYykl ckcw dh izdkf’kr iqLrd ls mlh dh Hkk”kk esa lqusa&

^bl v/kZewfPNZrkoLFkk esa vkSj ;krukvksa ls f?kjs gksus ij Hkh eq>s Lej.k gS fd esfMdy lqifjaVsaMsaV us fo|qr~ isVh yxokdj fo|qr~ nhA og

;kruk esjs fy, vlguh; FkhA >Vdksa ds Åij >Vds [kkrs&[kkrs esjs ‘kjhj esa fo|qr~ lapkj gksus yxkA ,slk izrhr gksus yxk fd mldk

izokg esjs ‘kjhj ds gj Luk;q] /keuh] rarq dks Øwjrk ls [khap jgk FkkA ,slk izrhr gks jgk Fkk fd esjs ‘kjhj esa Hkwr&izsr dk izos’k gks jgk

gS vkSj ;krukvksa ds vkosx esa eSa mu v’yhy ‘kCnksa dk mPpkj.k djrs gq, fpYykrk jgk tks thou esa dHkh esjs eq[k ls ugha QwVs FksA

vkxs pydj eSa iwjh rjg ls viuh lq/k&cq/k [kks cSBkA gks’k esa vkus ij fe=ksa us crk;k fd rhu fnu&jkr eSa iw.kZr;k cslq/k fLFkfr esa

iM+k gqvk FkkA*

ge fe=ksa us ;gh le>k fd ;g ej x;kA fo|qr~ yxkrs le; og Hk;kud :i ls ph[kk&fpYyk;k FkkA mls fo|qr~ isVh D;ksa yxkbZ xbZ\

D;k mlds Toj ij vFkok mUekn ds fy, fo|qr~ vkS”kf/k Fkh\

mlds Ik’pkr~ vkB&nl fnuksa ckn tc mYykl fdafpr gks’k esa vk x;k rc mls vius fiz; dqVaqfc;ksa dh ph[ksa lqukbZ nsus yxhA ikxyiu

ds nkSj esa mls yxk fd tSls os lHkh vR;ar vdqykgV Hkjs Loj esa mldk uke iqdkj jgs gSaA mls izrhr gqvk] ^muds lkjs nq%[kksa dh tM+

eSa gh gwaA gk;A gk;A eSa fdruk ikih dqykaxkj fudykA* bl Ik’pkŸkki lsnX/k gksdj mlus dacy QkM+ mldh Mksjh cVh vkSj ftl dksBjh

esa mls can fd;k x;k Fkk] mlds fiNokM+s dh f[kM+dh ls yVdkdj tSls lSdM+kas ihfM+r tho vius izk.k ns nssrs Fks] mlh rjg Qkalh [kkus

ds fy, viuh xjnu ml jLlh esa Mky nh] brus esa igjsnkjksa us mls idM+k] bl vkHkkl ds lkFk g mYykl uhps mrjk vkSj cp x;kA

og lqifjaVsaMsaV] ftlus mls fo|qr~ isVh yxokbZ FkhA mlh le; u tkus D;ksa NqV~Vh ij pyk x;k vkSj ,d nwljk i;Zos{kd vk x;kA

mldh u dsoy jktcafn;ksa esa cfYd gj txg ;gh [;kfr Fkh fd ;g cgqr gh fu”i{k gSA nwljs fnu mlus og QkM+k gqvk dacy ns[kdj

rFkk Qkalh d ckr lqudj mYykl dks FkksM+k QVdkjrs gq, /khjt ca/kk;k] ^^;|fi eSa vaxszt gwaA ljdkjh eqykfte gwa] ge nksuksa ds fgrkfgr

fHkUu&fHkUu gSa] vkSj blhfy, eSa ;g ugha dg ldrk fd vki Økafrdkfj;ksa us tks fd;k og mfpr gh fd;k] rFkkfi eSa bruk dgrk gwa fd

vki yksxksa us vius ns’k dh Loh/khurk ds fy, tks dqN fd;k] mls tc vki drZO; ekudj bZekunkjh dk d`R; le>rs gSa rks ml d`R;

ds fo”k; esa vius vkidks nks”kh Bgjkus dh vFkok vkRefuank djus dh vkidks dqN Hkh vko’;drk ugha gSA vki ;qok gSaA ,d&u&,d

fnu vktUe dkjkokl dk naM Hkqxdj

200

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Lons’k ykSVsaxs] fQj vkRegR;k dk dk;jrkiw.kZ d`R; D;ksa dj jgs gSa\ vkids d”Vksa dk dkj.k eSa tkurk gwaA vlguh; dBksj ifjJe gh

rqEgkjh {kh.krk dk dkj.k gSA ijarq eSa vdsyk mls nwj ugha dj ldrk] D;kasfd eSa ljdkjh lsod gw a vkSj ljdkjh vkns’k gS fd vki tSls

jktcafn;ksa ls dBksj ifjJe ds dke djok, tk,aA eq>s ml vkns’k dk ikyu djuk gh gksxk] rFkkfi ;fn vkidks dksbZ vkifŸk u gks vkSj

og fLFkfr vki bu d”Vksa ls csgrj le>rs gSa rks lqfo/kk ds fy, ikxyksa ds :X.kky; esa Hkst nsrk gwa&ns[k yhft,A** i;Zos{kd dk Hkk”k.k

lqudj mYykldj us mls Lohdkj fd;k vkSj mls ikxy[kkus jokuk fd;k x;kA ogka og ckj&ckj ikxyiu ds nkSjs] ,saBu] f?kXxh ca/kuk]

foy{k.k n`’;ksa dk vkHkkl vkfn ekufld ;a=uk,a lgrk jgk] ijarq tc gks’k esa jgrk rc mls ml dBksj ifjJe dh rqyuk esa ikxy[kkus

dk :X.kky; Hkh vf/kd lqfo/kktud yxrk] vkSj mls gh eqfDr dk vkuan ekudj og ogha nl&ckjg o”kZ lM+rk jgkA og igys vaneku

esa] ogka ls enzkl ds ikxy[kkus esa Fkk vkSj ogha ls var esa ckjg&pkSng o”kksZa dh dSn ds Ik’pkr~ mls eqfDr feyhA

ftl fnu nksigj vpkud d.kZdVq ph[ksa lqudj Hk;Hkhr gq, jktcafn;ksa dks Kkr gks x;k fd mYykl ikxy gks x;k gS] mlds nks&pkj

fnuksa ds Ik’pkr~ ckjh eq>ls ckr djus vk /kedkA eSa Lo;a igy djds mlls vFkok fdlh Hkh ljdkjh vf/kdkjh ls ckr ugha djrk FkkA

og Lo;a vk x;k rks Li”V :i esa mlds lkeus b”V er izLrqr djus esa dHkh fgpfdpkrk Hkh ugha FkkA ;g ckr ckjh lkgc dks Kkr

gksus ds dkj.k og dksbZ Hkh fo’ks”k ?kVuk ?kVus ij esjk vfHkizk; tkuus ds fy, vk /kedrkA ml fnu Hkh egk’k; lfLer onu i/kkjsA

nq”V Hkk”k.k ds os brus vknh Fks fd uje fouksn esa Hkh lgt gh eeZHksnh ‘kCnksa dk iz;ksx djrs FksA

mldk fu”Bqj lkStU;

eq>s ns[krs gh mUgksaus eq>ls iwNk] ^^vki dc ikxy gksaxsa\** eSaus Øks/kkos’k esa dgk] ^^’kk;n vkids ikxy gks tkus ds Ik’pkr~A** mYykl ds

ikxyiu dh ckr NsM+rs gh eSaus dgk] ^^banqHkw”k.k us Qkalh yxkbZ rc vkius dgk Fkk] mlus d”Vksa ls Åcdj vkRegR;k dh] ikxy gksdj

xys esa Qank Mkyk FkkA rHkh eSaus vkils dgk Fkk fd ^og ikxy D;ksa cuk\ ;g iz’u ‘ks”k jgrk gSA* mYykl ds ikxyiu dk dkj.k Hkh

mlds >sys gq, d”V vkSj jktcafn;ksa dks Hkfo”; esa dksbZ vk’kk ‘ks”k u jguk gh FkkA ;g okLrfodrk Hkh mlls vyx ugha gS u\ vr%

mYykl ds mnkgj.k ls ;g fl} gks pqdk gS fd d”Vksa ds dkj.k euq”; ikxy curk gS vkSj ikxyiu ds nkSjs esa og Qkalh yxkus dk

iz;kl djrk gSA esjk ;g fo/kku lR; fl} gks jgk gS fd jktcafn;ksa ds

201

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


thou ds uk’k&vkReo/k] Qkalh vFkok ikxyksa ds :X.kky; esa tkus&dk mŸkjnkf;Ÿo eq[; :i esa ml i}fr ij gS] ftlls muls O;ogkj

fd;k tkrk gS& ml dBksj vkpkj&lafgrk ij gS] tks muds fy, ykxw dh tkrh gSA** ;g lqurs gh ckjh us vpkud iyVh [kkbZA mlus

dgk] ^^vkidks dSls irk pyk fd mYykl ikxy gks x;k gS\**

ikxyiu dk <ksax

eSaus dgk] ^^eq>s vFkok geesa ls vkSj fdlh dks mlls feyus rks nhft,] ftlls lp&>wB gesa Kkr gksA** mlus dgk]^^D;k ge >wB cksy

jgs gSa\ mYykl ikxy ugha gqvk gS] dke Vkyus ds fy, vU; dkepksj] ikth cafn;ksa dh rjg og Hkh ikxyiu dk <ksax dj jgk gSA**

eSaus mŸkj fn;k] ^^;fn og ikxy ugha rks ;g fuf’pr gS fd vki ikxy gks x, gSaA vc vki vkSj vkids ofj”B vf/kdkjh jktcafn;ksa

dh rjg ,d Lora= oxZ le>dj geas lqfo/kk nsa] vU;Fkk de&ls&de lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa ds leku gh gels O;ogkj djsaA ijarq orZeku dh

;s foy{k.k ;a=.kk,a rks lekIr djsa] vU;Fkk gM+rky ds vfrfjDr gekjs ikl vU; dksbZ ekxZ ‘ks”k ugha jgsxkA ,slk ugha fd gM+rky l s ge

vkidh ‘kfDr dks VDdj ns ldsa] ijarq gekjs eu dks de&ls&de ;g rqf”V rks feysxh fd gius ;FkklaHko vU;k; ,oa vieku dk

izfrokn rFkk izfrdkj fd;kA**

blds Ik’pkr~ yxHkx vkB eghuksa rd] ckjh ds ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk mYykl dks ikxy Bgjkdj :X.kky; Hkstus ds Ik’pkr~ Hkh] os

dbZ fnukas rd ;gh jV yxkrs jgs fd mYykl ikxy ugha gS] og <ksax dj jgk gSA mUgksaus ,sls <ksax djusokys dbZ fu?kjs] <hB canh ns[ks

Fks fd mudh ;g vktekus dh ‘kfDr gh fd D;k lp gS vkSj D;k >wB gS] HkksFkjh gks pqdh FkhA lgkuqHkwfr dk >juk lw[k pqdk FkkA

rFkkfi dksbZ ;g u le>s fd cafn;ksa dk txr~ NksM+us ij vU; tuksa ls Hkh ckjh blh rjg fueZe] dBksj O;ogkj djrk FkkA dkjkx`g ds

ckgj dne j[krs gh og vU; lk/kkj.k euq”;ksa tSlk euq”; cu tkrkA vkxs pydj mlds LoHkko dk mYys[k fd;k tk,xkA

Hkhrj Hkh d”V vkSj ckgj Hkh d”VA rFkkfi eSa ;gh dgrk fd jktcanh ;FkklaHko ckgj gh jgsa] D;kasfd ckgj izpkj dk;Z djuk laHko

gksrk FkkA bl izpkj dk;kZFkZ eSaus Bku fy;k fd eSa Lo;a ckgj fudyus dk gh iz;kl d:axk] Hkys gh ckgj fdrus gh d”V gksaA vr% ,d

o”kZ iwjk gksrs gh eSaus ckgj Hkstus ds fy, vkosnu&ij&vkosnu djuk ‘kq: fd;kA bu o”kZ&Ms<+ o”kZ esa eq>s ckjh ds f’kadts esa iwjh rjg ls

Qaldj naM Hkqxrus ds nks ckj volj vk, FksA¹45 ,d ckj ckgj dk lekpkj vkSj fdlh lekpkj&

45

mudh ^canh* iqLrd esa fy[kk gS fd igyk naM 11 twu] 1912 dks vkSj nwljk naM 10 flracj] 1912 dks fn;k x;kA

202

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


i= ds VqdM+s Hkhrj ykus ds fy, eSaus vukfed i= fy[kkA ftl O;fDr us ckgj ys tkuk Lohdkj fd;k Fkk] og ckjh dk xqIrpj Fkk]

vr% og i= vpkud vf/kdkjh ds gkFk esa iM+ x;kA eSaus mldk uke ugha crk;k] ftls og i= fn;k Fkka cl bruk gh dgk Fkk fd

veqd LFkku ij og O;fDr feysxk] mls i= ns nksA vr% uke ckgj ugha QwVkA ijarq eq>ij vfHk;ksx yxkdj eq>s ,d ekl rd i`Fkd~

dksBjhcan dk naM feykA ml naM ls ckgj fudydj dqN eghus chrs gh Fks fd bl Hkfo”; dh ppkZ xqipqi Hkstusokyk gh Fkk fd esjh

ryk’kh ysus ds fy, vf/kdkjh vk /kedsA eSaus rqjar ml i= dks Qasd fn;kA og vkSj fdlh dks feyk vkSj og idM+k x;kA og i= eksM+h

esa fy[kk FkkA vr% vius vf/kdkj ds ,d caxkyh dkfjnas }kjk bl rjg >wBh xokgh fnyokdj fd ;g i= eksM+h esa ugha caxyk esa gS&

mls ml c axkyh dkfjnsa ls caxyk Hkk”kk esa i<+ok;kA ijarq ,d vU; jktcanh us esjh vksj ls xokgh nh vkSj Li”V dgk fd og i= caxyk

esa ugha gS] ;fn blesa ls ,d v{kj Hkh caxyk esa gks rks Mse ehA i;Zos{kd m/ksM+cqu esa iM+ x;kA ckjh fpYykus yxk] ^^vks lj] bu lHkh

ce&xksysokyksa us lPph xokgh u nsus dk “kM~;a= jpk gSA** vkf[kj ml dkfjnsa dh xokgh dks gh vk/kkj ekudj ;g fuf’pr fd;k x;k

fd og i= caxyk esa gh gS vkSj eq>s vkB fnu rd gFkdM+h dk naM feykA

gFkdfM+;ksa esa yVdus ij Hkh

geus phQ dfe’uj ls vihy dh fd Hkys gh gekjk naM jn~n u gks] ijarq og i= eksM+h esa gS ;k caxyk esa] bldk fu.kZ; gksA rc ogka

ls fy[kdj vk;k fd ml i= esa caxyk dk ,d v{kj Hkh ugha gS vkSj ml DydZ us rks i;Zos{kd ds lkeus ml i= dks QjkZVsnkj caxyk

esa i<+k vkSj crk;k fd ml i= esa eSaus lHkh dks vUu R;kx djus dk mins’k fd;k gSA i;Zos{kd eu&gh&eu Øks/k ls mcy jgk FkkA

mlus ml DydZ dks cqyk;kA ckjh lkgc dks ckgj tkus ds fy, dgk vkSj ml DydZ dks /kedk;k fd ^lp crkvks] lp D;k gSA* rc

rqjr gh dkairs gq, mlus dgk] ^^ljdkj] ge cafn;ksa dks ogh djuk iM+rk gS] tks ckjh lkgc dgrs gSaA ;g lp gS fd eSaus dYiuk ds

vk/kkj ij og i= caaxyk esa i<+kA ijarq og i= caxyk esa ugha gSA ckjh us vkns’k fn;k] daBLFk djds ,sls i<+rs tkvks] tSls og caxyk

esa gS] blhfy, eSaus oSls

203

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


i<+kA** Ik;Zos{kd dk ikjk p<+ x;kA ijarq ckjh ij vkap u vk,] blhfy, ml dkfjnas dks fy[kus ds dke ls gVk;k vkSj eq>ls dgk]

vkidk dguk lp gS fd i= caxyk esa ugha gSA ml fnu Ik;Zos{kd us ckjh dh vPNh&[kklh iwtk dh vkSj psrkouh nh fd iqu% vfHk;ksx

esa bl rjg cukoVh xokgh fnyokdj esjh vka[kksa esa /kwy >ksadus dk iz;kl fd;k rks ;kn j[kuk! bl rjg dHKh jktcanh tc ckjh ds

nkar [kV~Vs djrs rc vkB&fnu rks og muesa ls lwjek i{k ds lkFk eqyk;e cuk jgrkA ml s vpkud vius vk;fj’k [kwu dk Lej.k

gksrkA vth] eSa vk;fj’k gwa] ;qokoLFkk esa vaxzstksa ds fo:} eSaus Hkh iM~;a= jps gSaA vjs] eq>s viuk nq’eu D;ksa le>rs gks\ cl bruk gh

gS fd ljdkjh ukSdj gksus ds ukrs eq>s vkns’kksa dks ikyu djuk iM+rk gSA ;fn blls vkidks d”V gks rks ljdkj dks nks”k nsaA eSa

fujijk/k gwaA bl rjg pkiywlh djrs gq, Åij ls ,dk/k lekpkj Hkh ns nsrkA cgqr izlUu gksus ij ,dk/k vaxszth i{k dk v[kckj Hkh

i<+us ds fy, ns nsrkA ge Hkh mls mu lqfo/kkvksa ds fy, bZekunkjh ls] ij ftruk vko’;d Fkk] mruk gh /kU;okn nsrsA

bu nks vfHk;ksxksa ds vfrfjDr ge ij izFke Ms<+ o”kZ esa dksbZ vfHk;ksx ugha yxk FkkA tks jktcanh ckgj fudys Fks] muesa dqN ,sls Fks

ftuij bl rjg dh fpfê;ka Hkstus ds vijk/k esa dbZ ckj vfHk;ksx pyk, x, FksA bruk gh ugha] ,sls Hkh yksx Fks] ftUgksaus gM+rky esa

Hkh Hkkx fy;k Fkk] vr% eSaus vkosnu&i=ksa dh ckSNkj djuk vkjaHk fd;k fd mudh rjg eq>s Hkh ckgj j[kk tk,A esjs ca/kq dks rks <kbZ

o”kZ gks pqds FksA eq>s dHkh mŸkj feyrk] ^vki ml jktnzksgh oxZ ds canh ugha gSaA vki rks dsoy ,d lk/kkj.k canh gSA* eSa rqjar mŸkj

Hkstrk fd ^lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa esa rks mudk lekos’k gksrk gS tks dkjkx`g rksM+dj Hkkxs gSa] ftUgsa dbZ ckj naM gks pqdk gS vkSj iksVZ Cysvj

vkus ds ckn Hkkx tkusokys cafn;ksa dks iqu% vkrs gh ,d o”kZ Ik’pkr~ ckgj fudkyk tkrk gSA os isVh vQlj Hkh gksrs gSaA ;fn eSa ,d

lk/kkj.k canh gwa rks eq>s blls iwoZ NksM+uk pkfg, Fkk] eq> isVh vQlj Hkh cukuk pkfg, Fkk] D;kasfd mudh rqyuk esa esjs fo:} rks dqN

Hkh dkjkxkjh; vijk/k ntZ ugha gSaA* bl rjg uksad&>ksad gksrs&gksrs fu:ik; gksdj var e s a phQ dfe’uj dks Li”V ‘kCnksa esa dguk iM+k

fd ^vkidks dkjkx`g ls ckgj ugha fudkyk tk ldrk* D;kasfd ^vkidk dkjkxkjh; vkpj.k* ckgj x, gq, cafn;ksa dh rqyuk esa vf/kd

vPNk rks gS] rFkkfi vkidk iwoZsfrgkl egkHk;adj gSA*¹46 ;fn iwosZfrgkl ij gh xkSj djuk gS rk s fQj orZeku ^vkpj.k vukifŸkr* gksus

dk D;k ykHk gks ldrk gS\ vFkkZr~ ge lnkpj.k djsa rks Hkh dkjkxkj vkSj nqjkpkj djsa rks Hkh dkjkxkj!

46

;g mŸkj 4 uoacj] 1912 dks vk;k FkkA

204

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


esjs ckgj fudyus ds iz;klksa dk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd ckgj fudys gq, jktcafn;ksa ds d”V vf/kdkf/kd c<+us yxsA tSlkfd Åij funsZ’k

fd;k gS] banqHkw”k.k ds thou&fouk’k fo”k;d Hkh dqN&u&dqN izfrokn] dqN izfrdkj djuk lHkh viuk drZO; le>us yxsA var esa ppkZ

gqbZ vkSj r; fd;k x;k fd lkoZtfud gM+rky dh tk,A ^ftl rjg ;a=.kk nsrs le; gesa jktcanh le>k tkrk gS mlh rjg lqfo/kk nsrs

le; Hkh le>k tk,] ckgj vFkok Hkhrj vR;ar d”Vizn ifjJe u nsrs gq, gesa ys[ku dk;Z ij vFkok og Hkh ugha nsuk gks rks

fdlh&u&fdlh Nkao ds lqlã gLr O;olk; ds dk;kZsa ij yxk;k tk, vkSj geesa tks ,sls jktcanh gks ftUgsa lkof/k naM vFkkZr~ vktUe

dkysikuh dk naM ugha gqvk Fkk] mUgsa NwV nh tk,] tSls vius ns’k ds dkjkx`gksa esa i=] HksaV] NwV vkfn tks ykHk cafn;ksa dks feyrs gSa] og

gesa blfy, ugha feyrs D;kasfd gesa dkysikuh dk naM fey x;k gS vkSj dkysikuh ij ys[ku dk;Z] ckgj LoPNan fopj.k] isVh vQlj

gksuk vkfn tks lgwfy;rsa cafn;ksa dks feyrh gSa] muesa gesa lk/kkj.k canh u gksdj fo’ks”k izdkj ds canhoku gksus ds ukrs oafpr jguk iM+rk

gS( vkSj fo’ks”k canh ds :I esa dqN fo’ks”k lqfo/kkvksa dh ekax djsa rks gesa crk;k tkrk gS fd rqe yksxksa ds fy, lk/kkj.k ca fn;ksa ls i{kikr

djds bl izdkj dh fo’ks”k lqfo/kk,a ugha nh tk ldrhA bl rjg ns’kh dkjkx`gh; lqfo/kk,a] dkykikuh fLFkr lqfo/kk,a] fo’ks”k oxhZ;

lqfo/kk,a] bu lqfo/kkvksa esa ls ,d Hkh ykHknk;h lqfo/kk u feyrs gq, bu rhuksa izdkj ds oxkZarxZr gkfudkjd fucZa/k Hkqxrus ds fy, gh

dsoy gekjs bl fo’ks”k oxZ dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA vr% Hkfo”; esa ge ;g pqipke ugha lgsaxsA ek= d”V vkSj dksbZ Hkh lqfo/kk ugha

feyuh gS rks ge dke Hkh ugha djsaxsA vc d”V gSa rks d”V gh lgsaxs] fQj tks gksuk gS gksus nksA esjs vkSj vU; yksxksa ds blh vk’k; ds

vkosnu&i=ksa dks Bsaxk fn[kk;k x;kA gM+rky fuf’pr gks xbZ vkSj ckgj ls dke dks udkjdj ,d&,d] nks&nks djds yksx] iqu% dkjkx`g

ds yksx Hkh ,d fuf’pr fnol ij ,d lkFk dke djus dks euk djds ,d lkFk gks x, vkSj bl izdkj dkjkx`g esa nwljh gM+rky dk

Jhx.ks’k gqvkA

esjs ca/kq igys gh fnu gM+rky esa lfEefyr gks x, FksA naMksa dh Hkjekj gksus yxhA >qaM&ds&>qaM Ik;Zos{kd ds lkeus [kM+s fd, tkrs vkSj

gFkdM+h] naMk&csM+h] dksBjh&csM+h vkfn naM tksj ls fpYykdj lquk, tkus yxsA izR;sd d{k esa jktcanh gFkdfM+;ksa esa yVds gq, fn[kkbZ nsus

yxsA dksbZ gFkdM+h ds lkFk cSBus dk iz;kl djus yxk] dksbZ ikao&csfM+;ka Myokus ls euk djus yxk] dksbZ vkil esa cksyus

205

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ds fu;e dk Hkax djds ,d&nwljs ls nwj ls gh tksj&tksj ls ljsvke cfr;kus yxk] dksbZ ckjh vkfn vf/kdkjh ds tsy esa izfo”V gksrs gh

tks [kM+s gksuk iM+rk Fkk] vc [kM+s ugha gksrsA izk;% lHkh us dke dks udkj fn;k FkkA ckjh ds vkxeu ds lkFk gh isVh vQlj

fpYykrk] ^ljdkj!* lHkh canh fu;ekuqlkj ugha rks :f<+ ds vuqlkj [kM+s jgrs] ijarq jktcanh cSBs jgrsA ,d&,d dks idM+dj [kM+k

djus ds fy, rhu&rhu tuksa dh vko’;drk iM+rhA bl rjg cykr~ [kM+s djokdj viuk lEeku djkus ls ckjh Hkyk fdrus fnu rd

larq”V jg ldrk Fkk\ jktcafn;ksa ds dke can djus ls mudk Hkktsu Hkh rksM+k x;kA fdlh dks FkksM+k vUu fn;k tkrk rks fdlh dks

vkB&vkB fnuksa rd dsoy dkath ¼ued jfgr½ nh tkrhA dgha&dgha ekjihV Hkh gksus yxhA bl rjg loZ= HkxnM+ ephA bDdk&nqDdk

ekjihV dk lekpkj esjs dkuksa esa vkrs gh eSaus ckjh lkgc dks Li”V psrkouh nh fd ^vHkh rd jktcanh dsoy vizR;{k :i ls gh

fu;e Hkax dj jgs gSa] os vkidks nks”k ugha nsrsA ijarq ;fn vU;k; ls vki vius gh fu;e ds fo:} O;ogkj djds ekjihV ij mrjsaxs

rks ;kn j[ksa] ;s ikxy cus ;qod vkik [kksdj pksV dks pksV nsus mrj iMsa+xsA os tkurs gSa] vki mUgsa dqpy MkysaxsA ijarq ;kn j[ksa] tku

gFksyh ij fy,s Øw} lkai dh rjg os dgha Hkh vkSj fdlh Hkh le; Mldj fQj dqpys tk,axsA bl rjg fu;e rksM+dj ,d dks rhu

idM+usokyksa vkSj ekjusokys vkids v/khuLFk isVh vf/kdkjh dh funZ;rk vkSj dk;jrk ij vadq’k jgsxkA ogh ckr xkfy;ksa dh gSA

jktcafn;ksa dks fo’ks”kr% iBku] fla/kh vkfn eqlyeku isVh vQlj xanh&xanh xkfy;ka nsrs gSaA tokc esa mUgsa mruh gh chHkRl] Hkn~nh xkfy;ka

nsus dk Kku ;|fi lHkh cafn;ksa dks ugha gS] rFkkfi muesa ls dqN cafn;ksa us bl ‘kkL= dk v/;;u fd;k gS vkSj os gj HkksaMh] vksNh xkyh

ds mŸkj esa mlh rjg pqfuank xkfy;ka ns ldrs gSa fd cnek’k iBku Hkh nkarksa rys vaxqfy;ka nck,axsA xkfy;ksa ls ekjihV dk iz’u [kM+k

jguk LokHkkfod gh gS vkSj eSaus vkidks Li”V fd;k gS fd ekjihV dk D;k ifj.kke gksxkA*

esjh bl izdkj dh psrkouh dk ifj.kke ckjh ij vo’; gksrk] ijarq og bl ljy Hkk”k.k dks myVdj] lkojdj ekjihV dks izksRlkfgr

djrs gSa] ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa dks lwfpr fd, fcuk ugha jgrkA vHkh rd eSaus dke ugha NksM+k FkkA dke NksM+uss ls ml o”kZ dk i= t kus

dk vuqjks/k djrk FkkA esjs ?kj ls vk, gq, i= esa fganqLFkku dk dkQh lekpkj gksrk Fkk vkSjog i= ge lHkh dks lIrkg Hkj lekpkj

dk laHkj.k izrhr gksrk FkkA dkjkx`g esa dbZ yksx ml i= dks ysdj iqu%&iqu% i<+rsA blds fy, eSaus

206

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fu’p; fd;k Fkk] esjs i= dh vof/k iwjh gksus ls i=&izfIr ds Ik’pkr~ gh gM+rky esa lfEefyr gks tkÅaxkA esjs ca/kq blls iwoZ gh gM+rky

esa lfEefyr gks pqds FksA tSls&tSls gM+rky dh vof/k yach gksrh xbZ] oSls&oSls ckjh dks ,sls vieku dk vuqHko djuk iM+k] ftls mlus

dHkh ugha fd;k FkkA vU: cafn;ksa dh n`f”V esa Hkh ifjorZu vk x;kA lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa ij tks ncnck mUgksaus cuk;k gqvk Fkk] thou Hkj

mls fLFkj j[kus ds iz;kl esa ckjh dh Hkkjh gM+cM+kgV gksrhA dHkh&dHkh rks cM+k euksjatd izlax vk tkrkA jktcafn;ksa esa dqN yksx

vf/kd f’kf{kr ugha Fks] ijarq ckjh ds lkFk vU; LkHkh jktcanh vaxszth esa okŸkkZyki djrs] mlh rjg os Hkh vaxszth esa laHkk”k.k djrsA ijarq

,d fnu ckjh lkgc ds prqj fnekx esa ,d fofp= dYiuk vk xbZ fd ;s yksx eq>ls vaxszth esa ckr djrs gSa] blfy, ;s lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa

ij Nk tkrs gSaA vr% mu jktcafn;ksa ls mlus dgk] ^^rqEgsa vaxszth cksyus dk vf/kdkj ugha gSA rqe yksx fo’ks”k f’kf{kr ugha gksA lk/kkj.k

cafn;ksa dh rjg gksA**

vaxzsth esa ugha] fganh esa cksyks

cl fQj D;k Fkk! mUgksasus vfoyac fganh okD; dk mPpkj.k fd;k] ^^vth] vaxzsth nsook.kh FkksM+h gh gS\ vki gh vaxszth esa iwNrs gSa]

blhfy, vaxszth esa mŸkj nsuk iM+rk gSA ;g bruh TtkLin ckr ugha gS fd gesa vaxzsth esa cksyuk ugha vkrkA YkTtkLin ckr rks ;g g S

fd vk;fj’k dks[k ls tUe ysdj vki vk;fj’k Hkk”kk dk ,d v{kj Hkh ugha tkursA gekjs fy, ;g xkSjo dh ckr gS ge bruh

QjkZVsnkj vaxszth ugha cksy ldrs fd viuh ekr`Hkk”kk dk Hkh foLej.k gksA vkidks bl crk ij yTtk vkuh pkfg, fd vkidks ekr`Hkk”kk

dk bruk lk Hkh Kku ugha vk Sj vaxszth bruh yPNsnkj cksyrs gSaA** fganh Hkk”kk dh ;g izFke rksi nkxrs gh lHkh lk/kkj.k canh ckjh lkgc

dh vksj Vqdqj&Vqdqj ns[kus yxsA jktcanh tc vaxzsth cksyrs Fks rc cafn;ksa dks ;g Li”V :i esa le> esa ugha vkrk Fkk fd os D;k cksy

jgs gSa vkSj jktcafn;ksa dh vaxszth esa tSls&dks&rSls mŸkj lqurs gq, Hkh ckjh iwoZor~ vdM+dj [kM+s jgrs] ml vdM+ ls cafn;ksa dks bl rF;

dk irk ugha pyrk Fkk fd mudh fdruh Fkw&Fkw gks jgh gSA ijarq vc fganh esa Vdk lk eqagrksM+] [kjs&[kjs mŸkjksa dh >M+h yxus yxhA

ns[krs&ns[krs izk;% lHkh jktcanh fganh >kM+us yxsA f’k”V Hkk”kk ds fy, f’k”V Hkk”kk] Vdlkyh cksyh ijarq xkyh&xykSt ds fy, vly nl

uacjh xkfy;kaA ‘kq} fganh esa ;g lc lqurs&lqurs ckjh dks bl rjg gM+cM+kgV gksus yxh fd ^rksck rsjh NkN ls] bu dqŸkksa ls NqM+kA*

,d fnu ckjh us vius fuR; ds eqagQV LoHkko ds vuqlkj ,sls gh ,d

207

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


jktcanh ls fganh esa dgk] ^^rqe fganqLFkkuh yksx gekjs xqyke gksA** ;g le>dj fd vU; cafn;ksa dks ;g Kkr gqvk gksxk fd og

jktcafn;ksa dks fdl rjg [khjk&ddM+h le>rk gS] lkgc Bgkds yxk gh jgs Fks fd mUgsa fganh esa gh mŸkj feyk] ^^gka] ge fganqLFkkuh yksx

vaxzstks ds xqyke gSa] ijarq vkids ughaA vjs] vki yksx rks Lo;a gh vaxsztksa dh ckafn;kas ds fiYys gSaA gka] vk;jySaM baXySaM dh ckanh tks

BgjhA mlh ds fiYys gSa vkiA ge vaxsztksa ds xqyke gh lgh] ijarq ml xqykeh] ml nklrk dk fouk’k djus dk chM+k mBkdj ge tku

gFksyh ij fy;s yM+ jgs gSaA ijarq vki mlh ds ?kj dks viuk ?kj le>rs gSa tks vkids lkeus nks VqdM+s Qasdrk gSA ml dqŸks leku] tks

vius Lokeh ds vkpj.k dk vuqdj.k djuk pkgrk gSA ml lkezkT; dks] ftlus vk;jySaM dks xqyke cuk;k gS& viuk lkezkT; ekudj

ns’k&ns’k esa mu ij HkkSad jgs gSa tks ml lkezkT; dks] ftlus vk;jySaM dks xqyke cuk;k gS&viuk lkezkT; ekudj ns’k&ns’k esa mu ij

HkkSad jgs gSa tks ml lkezkT; dks vLohdkj djrs gSaA** bl izdkj dk fganhHkk”kh mŸkj lqudj lHkh canh [kh&[kh djus yxsA ckjh lkgc

Øks/k ls yky gks x;sA ijarq djrs D;k! mUgkasus gh rks ;g jktuhfrd fo”k; dqjsnk FkkA vr% fpYyk,] ^^fganh esa ugha] vaxszth esa cksyks]

vaxszth esa!** ijarq og jktcanh vaxszth cksyus ds fy, rS;kj ugha Fkk] ^^th ugha ! vki gh us rks dgk Fkk u] fganh esa cksyk djksA vc ge

dHkh Hkh vaxszth esa ugha cksysaxsA fganh esa gh cksysaxs geA** bl rjg tksj&tksj ls cksyrs gq, mlus vk;jySaM ds fo”k; esa mi;qZDr lHkh

okD;ksa dk mPpkj.k fg anh esa gh fd;kA ml fnu ds ckn mlus fdlh ls Hkh ugha dgk fd ^fganh esa cksyks*A mlus dku idM+dj Li”V

bPNk trkbZ fd jktcanh iwoZor~ mlls vaxzsth esa gh ckr fd;k djsaA

dkjkx`g dk vuq’kklu rFkk ljdkjh ncnck vusd NksVs&eksVs izlaxksa vkSj fcxM+s gq, jktcafn;ks a ds vkanksyu ls MkaokaMksy gks x;kA ,d casr

cjlkuk NksM+dj izk;% ‘ks”k lHkh naM nks&nks ckj nsdj vf/kdkjh Fkd x,] ijarq dksbZ Hkh dke dks gkFk ugha yxkrk FkkA dksM+s cjlkus dh

/kefd;ka jkst nh gh tkrh Fkh] ijarq fdlh ds dkuksa ij twa ugha jsaxrhA var esa phQ dfe’uj us ckjh vkSj lqifjaVsaMsaV }kjk ;g ckrphr

pykbZ fd ge vkidks gyds dke ij yxk,axs] dke udkjus ds vkSj mlesa lekfo”V gksus ds vijk/k dks nqyZf{kr djrs gq, vkidks rqjar

ckgj NksM+k tk,xk vkSj ;g fuf’pr djus ds fy, fd vki yksx jktcanh gSa ;k ugha] Åij fganqLFkku ljdkj dks fy[kasxsA mlds vuqlkj

,d ckj dke izkjaHk djrs gh ckgj Hkh Hkstk tk,xkA gydk dke feyus dk lekpkj vkrs gh dbZ yksxksa dh jk; cuh fd de&ls&de

bruk rks izkIr djsaA eq>s dqN Hkh djds] tSls&tSls izpkjkFkZ vkSj eqfDr dh n`f”V ls Hkh jktcafn;ksa dks ckgj fudkyuk vR;ar b”V gksus ds

dkj.k eSa ;gh dgus yxk fd gM+rky lekIr djds dke djsaA ;fn vuqca/k ds vuqlkj lHkh dks ckgj ugha Hkstk x;k] rks iqu%

208

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gM+rky djsaA FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa esjs ca/kq ds lkFk lHkh dke djus yxsA

vf/kdkfj;ksa us Hkh vuqca/k ds vuqlkj vusd jktcafn;ksa dks iqUk% ckgj HkstkA dqy feykdj dke Hkh igys ls vf/kd gydk& ukfj;y ij

igjk nsuk] >kM+w&cqgkjuk vkfnA oLrqr% lHkh dks blh rjg ckgj Hkstk tkrk rks ;g gM+rky ogha ij lekIr gks tkrh] ijarq yksxksa ds

dke djuk vkjaHk djrs gh vf/kdkfj;ksa us gM+rky esa usrk ds :i esa] tks muds vf/kd dksiHkktu cus Fks] mUgsa ckgj Hkstus ls lkQ

bUdkj dj fn;kA esjs ca/kq] Jh okeujko tks’kh] gksrhyky] Jh ukuh xksiky rFkk vkSj nks&rhu yksxksa dks ckgj ugha fudkyk x;kA esjk rks

uke gh er yhft,A gM+rky esa eSaus dke ugha NksM+k Fkk] rFkkfi gM+rky dk Bhdjk eq[;r% esjs flj ij gh QksM+k x;kA ;g mfpr gh

gqvk fd mu jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh ckgj Hkstk x;k ftUgksaus gM+rky esa izR;{k Hkkx fy;k Fkk] ftu ij eq>ls vf/kd ckj dkjkxkjh; vfHk;ksx

pyk, x,] tks ,d ckj ckgj Hkstus ij HKh m/kj dke u djrs gq, iqu% okil ykSV vk,( D;kasfd fu:ik; gksdj mUgsa gM+rky esa Hkkx

ysuk iM+kA ijarq tc eSaus iwNk fd tks mfpr ckr muds fy, dh xbZ] ogh esjs laca/k esa D;ksa ugha dh tkrh] rks vf/kdkjh dqN Hkh mŸkj

ugha ns ldsA phQ dfe’uj us fy[kk Fkk&^vkidk fganqLFkku fLFkr iwosZfrgkl gesa vkidks ckgj Hkstus ls jksdrk gSA* mldk mŸkj Hkh eSaus

fn;k Fkk&^esjs leku tks ckgj x, gSa] os Hkh mlh /kkjk ds varxZr] mlh rjg ds vkanksyu esa lfEefyr gksus ds dkj.k vktUe dkjkokl

dk naM izkIr djds vk, Fks] fQj iwoZsfrgkl muds ekxZ esa jksM+k D;ksa ugha curk\ Hkyk esjs gh ekxZ esa vM+pu D;ksa Mkyrk gS\ bruk gh

ugha] ijarq vanekuh; mifuos’k dh uhfr gh ,slh Fkh fd iwoZsfrgkl dk dPpk fpV~Bk] lkr TkUeksa dh fVIif.k;ka us [kksyrs gq, canh dk

vkpj.k eq[;r% bl ckr ls fuf’pr fd;k tk, fd og mifuos’k esa dSlk O;ogkj djrk gSA bruk gh ugha] m/kj Hkh tks nks&rhu ckj

dkjkx`g rksM+dj Hkkxs Fks] mUg sa Hkh ,d&nks o”khZ; dkjkca/kh; naM fn;k tkrk vkSj mls Hkqxrus ds ckn iqu% ckgj Hkstk tkrkA esjs bl mŸkj

dk fyf[kr mŸkj vk x;k fd ^fganqLFkku ljdkj dk vkns’k gS fd vkidsk ckgj ugha NksM+k tk,A* vPNk] eq>s fdrus o”kksZa rd ckgj u

NksM+us dk vkns’k gS] iwNus ij Hkh fuf’pr :i esa eq>s lwfpr ugha djrs FksA vr% geus fu’p; fd;k fd fganqLFkku ljdkj dks gh

vkosnu&i= Hkstk tk,A

ijarq os fganqLFkku ljdkj dks vkosnu&i= ugha Hkstus nsrs FksA Bl rjg ge ?kqVu dk f’kdkj cu x,A esjs ca/kq rks eq>ls iwoZ gh vk,

gq, FksA ijarq mUgsa Hkh ckgj ugha fudkyk tkrkA ,d ckj ,d i;Zos{kd us eq>ls rdZ djrs gq, dgk] ^^;g lR; gS fd vkids iz’ukas dk

mŸkj ugha gS A ijarq vki gM+rky dks izksRlkfgr djrs gSaA** eSaus dgk] ^^ijarq gM+rky esa tks izR;{k lfEefyr gksrs gSa os ckgj fudys gSa

vkSj ;g rks

209

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


mfpr gh gSA rks fQj rqeus gM+rky dh] ;g Bhd fd;k] ,slk dgusokys dk vijk/k izR;{k gM+rky djusokyksa ls vf/kd gS] D;k ;g dgk

tk,\ D;k ;g naM foKku ds loZ/kk foijhr ugha gS\ vkSj nsf[k,] eSaus gM+rky dks vkt rd izksRlkfgr D;ksa ugha fd;k\ vFkok fd;k gks

rks esjs fe= mls D;ksa ugha ekurs Fks\ gM+rky vkt gh D;ksa gqbZ\ banq dks Hkh Qkalh yxkus ds fy, D;k eSaus gh izksRlkfgr fd;k Fkk\

mYykldj dks ikxy cuus ds fy, eSaus fl[kk;k D;k\ jktcafn;ksa dks tks [kku&iku] d”Vizn dke] ekufld fpark,a] Hkkoh fujk’kk rFkk

ix&ix ij vieku dh rhoz ;kruk,a lguh iM+ha vkSj vHkh Hkh iM+ jgh gSa] mu dkjkxkjh; i}fr;ksa dh ;kruk,a gh gM+rky dks

izksRlkfgr djrh gSa] u fd eSaA jktcafn;ksa dh rjg vki mUgsa lqfo/kk,a nhft,] de&ls&de pksj&Mkdqvksa dh rjg mUgsa ys[ku vkfn dkeksa

ij fu;qDr dhft,] fQj dkSu vkSj D;ksa gM+rky djsxk\ igys ls gh bl d”Vnk;h dkjkokl esa gM+rky ds lkFk vYiHkkstu ij vFkok

ek= dkath ij dksBjh esa rM+irs jgdj d”Vrj nqnZ’kk esa jgus dk ‘kkSd rks ugha gksrkA eSaus vHkh rd dke dk ifjR;kx ugha fd;k gSA

fQj gM+rky dk lkjk nks”k vki gekjs gh eRFks D;ksa e<+rs gS\** ckj&ckj esjs vdkV~; rdZ dh ;FkkFkZrk dks ogka ds LFkkuh; vf/kdkjh

vkSj izlaxo’k ckjh Hkh Li”Vr;k Lohdkj djrs FksA os cl bruk gh dgrs] ^^;g gekjs cl esa ugha gSA fganqLFkku ljdkj ds gkFk esa gS]

mlh dh vkKk ls vkidks dkjkx`g esa j[kuk vfuok;Z gSA**

ukuh xksiky

esjs dkaM dh bl rjg p[kp[k py gh jgh Fkh fd ,d vkSj dkaM gn ls T;knk c<+ jgk FkkA vaneku esa dqN jktcanh ,sls Fks tks cM+s

gh lkgl ls lkjh ;krukvksa] d”Vksa dks lg jgs FksA muesa caxky dk ,d lksyg&l=g o”khZ; laHkzkra czkã.k ifjokj dk ,d uo;qod ukuh

xksiky Hkh FkkA caxky esa ,d cM+s ;wjksih; ifyl vf/kdkjh dh pyrh dkj ij ce Qasdus ds vijk/k esa mls pkSng o”kksaZ dk naM feyk

FkkA dkjkx`g esa lksyg o”khZ; dksey yM+ds dks dksYgw dk dBksj dke ugha fn;k tkrk] rFkkfi bls dksYgw esa tksrk x;kA mlls lacaf/kr

cgl fNM+us ij mlus dke dks udkjkA og mu pkj&ikap cafn;ksa esa ls ,d Fkk ftUgsa fiNyh gM+rky esa lokZf/kd ;a=.kk,a lguh iM+hA

ijarq og cM+k thfor jgus dh rhoz bPNkokyk rFkk n`<+fu’p;h ;qod FkkA >qdus ds f, og fdlh Hkh gkyr esa rS;kj ugha FkkA og

gFkdM+h esa izk;% [kM+k gh jgrkA T;kssa&T;ksa mls vf/kdkf/kd naM fn;k tkrk R;ksa&R;ksa mldk {kksHk vf/kdkf/kd c<+us yxkA dke NksM+ nsus ds

dkj.k mls naM feykA mlus diM+s /kksuk Hkh can fd;kA blfy, mls naMLo:i eksVs VkV ds cksjs dks QkM+dj cuk,

210

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gq, [kqjnqjs diMs+ fn, x,] rks mlus diM+s iguuk gh NksM+ fn;kA VkV ds mu oL=ksa dks nks&pkj yksxksa us mls fxjkdj cyiwoZd iguk;k

vkSj yxHkx flykbZ ls mUgsa iDdk fd;k rks mlus jkr esa mUgsa QkM+ MkykA vr% jkr esa Hkh mls gFkdfM+;ksa esa j[kdj rkyk Bksad fn;k

x;k( ysfdu mlus jkr Hkj xqipqi egRiz;kl ls gFkdfM+;ka rksM+ MkyhA ^D;ksa rksM+ Mkyh\* ;g iz’u djrs gq, ml ij xkfy;ksa dh ckSNkj

dh xbZ rks egk’k; us mŸkj nsuk gh NksM+ fn;kA vf/kdkfj;ksa ds iz’uksa ds mŸkj u nsus dh mn ~naMrk ds fy, mls naM fn;k rks vf/kdkjh ds

vkrs gh mlus [kM+k jguk gh NksM+ fn;kA blds naMLo:i mldh dksBjhcan c<+kbZ xbZ rks fdlh Hkh dk;Zo’k dksBjh ls ckgj fudyuk gh

mlus can dj fn;kA Luku djus ds fy, Hkh og ckgj ugha vkrkA rc mls cyiwoZd mBkdj uXukOkLFkk esa gh gkSt esa fxjkdj Hkafx;ksa ls

mls Luku djk;k tkrk vkSj ukfj;y ds fNyds ds VqdM+s ls mldk ‘kjhj bruk f?klk tkrk fd mldh ihB jDrjaftr gks tkrh vkSj

Hk;adj tyu gksus yxrhA ijarq og MVk jgkA nq”V iBku ,dkar esa mls chHkRl xkfy;ka nsrkA fnu esa og uXu jgrk] vr% jkr esa Hkh

mldk ,d dacy Nhu fy;k x;k rks mlus nwljk dacy Hkh Qsad fn;kA oSlk gh uax&/kM+x og fnu&jkr lnhZ esa fBBqjrk gqvk uaxh Hkwfe

ij eghuksa iM+k jgkA mldh izeq[k ekax ;g Fkh fd ge yksxksa dh jktcafn;ksa esa x.kuk dh tk,A

og dgrk&;g iz’u xkS.k gS fd vUu vPNk gS ;k cqjkA egŸoiw.kZ iz’u gS lEeku dkA ;g fl} gksuk pkfg, fd ge jktcanh gSa] dksbZ

pksj&mpDds&Mkdw ughaA phQ dfe’uj us mls lwfpr fd;k fd rqEgkjh ekax dHkh Lohdkjh ugha tk ldrhA ijarq og vius gh gB Ikj

vM+k jgkA vkf[kj dfe’uj us Lo;a vkdj dgk] ^^rqe lksprs gksxs ds bl rjg rqEgsa ;krukvksa esa ns[kdj gekjk àn; ilhtsxk ;k ge

Hk;Hkhr gksaxs] ijarq ,slk dqN ugha gksxkA rqe bl rjg ej Hkh x, rks gesa blls D;k\** ijarq fpark u lgh] ij vf/kdkfj;ksa dks tks

vieku og l=g o”kZ dk ckyd fujarj dj jgk Fkk og mUgsa cspSu fd, gq, FkkA ckjh ds vuqlkj ,d ckj bu jktcafn;ksa esa ls

nks&rhu tuksa dh peM+h m/ksM+ nh rks bl ckcw yksxksa ds gks’k rqjar fBdkus vk tka,xsA lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dk mls ;gh vuqHko FkkA blls

foijhr i{k esa geesa ls nks&rhu ;qod] tks v[kckjks a ds laiknd Fks&dgrs fd ekysZ dh vkKk mUgksaus Lo;a i<+h gS fd jktcafn;ksa ij csar

ugha cjlkus pkfg,A bl okŸkkZ ls izk;% gekjh ;g /kkj.kk cu xbZ Fkh fd peM+h m/ksM+us dh dsoy /kedh gh nh tk jgh gS] rFkkfi

gM+rky esa eSa ges’kk dgrk Fkk fd vkKk Hkys gh ,slh gks ijarq mlesa ifjorZu ykuk Hkh muds gkFk esa gS] vr% gesa ;g eku djds gh fd

le; ij casr Hkh cjlsaxs] gM+rky esa lfEefyr gksuk pkfg,A chl o”khZ; ;%df’pr~ Mkdw vkSj pksj rhl&rhl csar cjlus rd pwa rd

211

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ugha djrs] bldk dkj.k ckY;koLFkk ls gh vH;Lr gksdj mudk <hB cu tkrk gSA ge Hkh fu’p; djus ij <hB cu ldrs gSaA dksM+s

cjlk, x, rks vo’; [kk,axsA bl izdkj n`<+ fu’p; djus ds ckn phQ dfe’uj dh bl psrkouh ls Hkh fd casr [kkus iM+saxs] ukuh

xksiky Vl&ls&el ugha gqvkA dksYgw rks nwj] dksbZ Hkh dke djus ls mlus lkQ bUdkj dj fn;kA var esa rax vkdj vf/kdkfj;ksa dk

:>ku ckjh dh ;qfDr dh vksj gksus yxk vkSj var esa mUgksaus ukuh xksiky ij casr cjlkus dk fu’p; fd;kA

;g lekpkj ckjh us xqIr :i ls eq>s fn;kA eSaus dgk] ^^;|fi O;fDrxr :i ls ,dkar esa vkius ;g lekpkj eq>s fn;kA eSaus dgk]

^^;|fi vf/kdkjh gksus ds ukrs gh vki ;g crk jgs gSa vkSj eq>s bl ckr dk vglkl gS fd esjs mn~xkj vki ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa rd

igqapkuk pkgrs gSaA vr% eSa vkidks Li”V :i esa dg nsuk viuk drZO; le>rk gwa fd ;fn vkius bl ;qod ds lkFk ekjihV dh rks

jktcanh brus cgd tk,axs fd vkt rd Hkh ugha cgds gksaxsA bu yksxksa dk iwoZdkyhu lkgl rFkk Hk;adj d`R;ksa dk Lej.k j[ksa] vki

leFkZ gSa] budh ‘kfDr rks vkids lkeus iklax Hkh ugha gSA ijarq ml ‘kfDr dh lgk;rk ls tks dqN Hkh gksxk] mls djus esa os dHkh ugha

pwdsaxsA vHkh rks dsoy lk/kkj.k izfrokn vkSj izfrdkj gh dj jgs gSa] ijarq ;fn vlk/kkj.k naM fn, x, vkSj ygw cgk rks ygw cgkus esa

Hkh os vkxk&ihNk ugha ns[ksaxsA**

eSa ;g ugha dgrk fd D;k gksuk pkfg,] eSa rks ;g dg jgk gwa fd D;k gksuk laHko gSA ckjh us fLer fd;kA os pys rks x,] ij

eu&gh&eu pkSads fcuk ugha jgsA m/kj csarksa ds fy, frikgh [kM+h dh xbZA dqN naxk&Qlkn [kM+k u gks blfy, geas dksBfj;ksa essa can fd;k

x;kA vc ge lkjs pkSadrs gq, dku yxkdj bl rkd esa cSB x, fd vc csar lVdkrs gh [kwu ds mM+rs Qookjs ds lkFk&lkFk dgha ukuh

xksiky dh ph[k rks dkuksa ls ugha Vdjk,xhA brus esa ,d OkkWMZj lkgl djds brus dM+s izca/k esa Hkh esjs ikl vk;k vkSj ;g dgrk gqvk

fd ukuh xksiky dks dkjkx`g ls ckgj Hkstk x;k gS&f[kld x;kA

FkksM+h nsj esa ,d vksojlh;j tku&cq>dj esjs ikl vk x;k vkSj gkL; dh eqnzk esa dgus yxk] ^^D;ksa] ukuh dh a a aQVdkj nks gks xbZ

gSA** mldh bl HkksaM+h v’yhy Hkk”kk dh vksj /;ku u nsrs gq, eSaus eqLdqjkdj dgk] ^^ukuh dk dqN Hkh nks ugha gqvkA gks ldrk gS vkSj

fdlh dk gqvk gksA ukuh ij csar u cjlk dj mls tsy ls ckgj Hkstk x;k gSA ;g u;k lekpkj eSa rqEgsa lqukrk gwaA** og gDdk&cDdk

jg x;kA ykSVk] eq> ij rSukr isVh vQlj ij >Yykrs gq, fd ;g lekpkj bruk ‘kh/kz dSls Qsy x;k\ rqe D;k ns[krs gks\ fdlus

crk;k\ bls idM+dj ys vkvks&bl rjg cM+cM+krk gqvk pyk x;kA

212

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


og lekpkj lp Fkk] D;ksafd naM dk vkns’k nsus ds ckn Hkh vf/kdkfj;ksa ls mldk mŸkjnkf;Ÿo fy;k ugha x;kA phQ dfe’uj dks nwjHkk”k

ls lwfpr fd;k rks og Hkh ldidk;kA var esa casr cjlkus dk naM jn~n djds ukuh dks ml dkjkx`g ls fudkydj ckgj ,d ftys ds

iqjkus dkjkxkj esa dqN fnu j[kk tk,& bl rjg nwjHkk”k }kjk mUgsa vkns’k nsus dh lncqf} vk xbZA bl rjg ;g ladV Vy x;kA ijarq

gesa izlUurk gqbZ fd ukuh xksiky dks casr ugha ekjs x,A

rFkkfi mldk th [kV~Vk gks x;kA csar [kkdj Hkh viuh thoV o`fŸk dk izn’kZu djus dh mlesa tks ,d rjg dh lqjlqjh Fkh] mldk u’kk

gh mrj x;kA mlds lkgl] /kS;Z dh okgokgh fd, fcuk ‘k=q ls Hkh jgk ugha x;kA vf/kdkfj;ksa dk ;g vuqeku Fkk fd mls gels nwj

djus vkSj gekjs izksRlkgu dh d{kk ls ckgj fudkyus ls og uje gks tk,xk] ijarq ‘kh/kz gh mUgsa Kkr gks x;k fd izksRlkgu dh ;g ckr

fdruh xyr Fkh] D;kasfd gels nwj tkrs gh mlus ml ckgjh canhokl esa vUu R;kx fn;kA

tc rd og Hkhrj Fkk rc rd vUu R;kx djus ls ge mls lrr jksdrs jgs FksA mlds vUu R;kx ds Ik’pkr~ rhu&pkj fnu fdlh us

ml ij xkSj ugha fd;kA mlus fdlh ls ;g ckr ugha dghA vUu&ty ds fcuk og ,sls gh ysVk jgkA ;g u;k dkaM ns[kdj vf/kdkfj;ksa

us iqu% mls mBkdj gekjs lsY;qyj dkjx`g esa can fd;k] fQj Hkh mlus vUu xzg.k ugha fd;kA vkxs pydj ikap&Ng fnuksa ds Ik’pkr~

mls fu;ekuqlkj cyiwoZd ukd esa ufydk Bwaldj fiyk;k tkus yxkA

Hkhrj ukuh xksiky dh ;g fLFkfr Fkh vkSj ckgj ,d u;k dkaM mifLFkr gks x;kA ckgj fudys gq, jktcafn;ksa esa izk;% ,d nwljs ls

feyus ds fy, xqipqi bl ftys ls ml ftys esa pys tkrs& yk[k fu;e mYy?kau djrs gq, HkhA bl ij xkSj djuk pkfg, fd vU; canh

Hkh blh rjg pksjh&fNis HkVdrs jgrs FksA ijarq jktcanh dksbZ Hkh ckr djrs rks og vf/kdkfj;ksa dks rqjar pkSadk nsrhA mu yksxksa us]

ftUgksaus Lons’k dk lekpkj ykuk rFkk vU; cafn;ksa esa Lons’kh ozr dk izlkj djds ns’kHkfDr mRiUu djuk viuk dkjkoklh; dRkZO; ekuk

Fkk] lIrkg Hkj esa os tks dqN pksjh&fNis lekpkj izkIr djrs] mUg sa ,d dkxt ij mrkjdj mlds lkFk ,dk/k ns’kHkfDr ij dfork

fy[kdj ml dkxt dh ikaMqfyfi dh nl&chl izfr;ka ftys esa ckaVrsA vkxs pydj mlesa ,d laikndh; ys[k Hkh fy[kk tkus yxkA

vFkkZr~ og dkxt lekpkj&i= dk fiYyk ‘kksHkk;eku gksus yxkA cafn;ksa esa ls dqN ds vkxs c<+rs&c<+rs ogka ds dqN ^Lora=* yksxksa ls Hkh

ifjp; gqvk vkSj jktcafn;ksa dk ^out* c<+us yxkA ;s ^Lora=* vFkkZr~ HkwriwoZ cafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds Ik’pkr~ ogha ij cls gq, ifjokjksa dh

larfr FkhA jktcafn;ksa ds bl vkanksyu dh okŸkkZ vfr’k;ksfDr }kjk xqCckjk curs&curs

213

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


,d “kM~;a= dk :i /kkj.k dj vf/kdkfj;ksa ds dkuksa rd igqap xbZA blh le; vaneku fLFkr jktcafn;ksa dh fLFkfr] banqHkw”k.k dh Qk alh]

mYykldj ds ikxyiu ls lac af/kr xqIr :i ls Hksts x, dqN i= fganqLFkku igaqp x, vkSj og ;krukvksa dh ykseg”kZd dgkuh fgnaqLFkkuh

lekpkj&i=ksa ds Nirs¹47 gh vaneku ds vf/kdkfj;ksa esa [kycyh ep xbZA fganqLFkkuh ds o`Ÿki=ksa dk ,dk/k ys[k b/kj pkgs fdruk Hkh

?kfV;k D;ksa u izrhr gks] ijarq vaneku esa ml ;ksx ls ge yksxksa dk ,d fnu rks lq[kiwoZd O;rhr gksrkA dkSafly esa vaneku ds jktcafn;ksa

ls lacaf/kr iwNk x;k ,dk/k iz’u] fQj b/kj mls pkgs fdruk gh frjLdkjiw.kZ mŸkj D;ksa u feys] gesa de&ls&de eghuk Hkj thou

fdafpr lqlã :i ls O;rhr djus dh ‘kfDr iznku djrkA D;ksafd ge fdlh Hkh rjg dqpys x, rks Hkh gels iwNrk dkSu gS&bl Hkkouk

ls tks ,d rhoz fujk’kk eu dks HkXuksRlkfgr djrh] og {k.k ek= esa nwj gksrhA ys’kek= og rqf”V izkIr gksrh fd tks ;kruk,a ge Hk qxr

jgs gSa] os loZFkk fu:Ik;qDr u jgdj muds izdk’ku ls m/kj ml egku~ vfXu esa rsy dh ,d cwan D;ksa u gks] maMsy ldrh gS&;gh

fopkj eu dks iqu%l’kDr ,oa lgu’khy cukrkA nwljs i{k esa vkt ugha rks dy bldh Nkuchu gq, fcuk ugha jgsxh fd jktcafn;ksa ds

lkFk dSlk O;ogkj fd;k tkrk gSA bruk gh ugha] ogka ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ds eu esa bl izdkj dk Hk; Hkh mRiUu gksxk fd izlaxo’k mUgsa

blls lacaf/kr mŸkj Hkh nsuk iM+sxk&os cgqr gh foosd’khy vkpj.k djus yxs vkSj izR;sd dke fganqLFkku ljdkj dh vuqefr ysdj gh

djrsA bl ifj.kke dk vkSj bl Hk; dk izFke vuqHko ugha gksrkA izFke rks blds foijhr gesa vf/kd dBksj eqlhcrksa ls lkeuk djuk

iM+rkA ijarq var esa mlh ;ksx ls mUgsa jktcafn;ksa dh ckr ij fopkj djuk vfuok;Z gksrkA

bl le; Hkh ogha gqvkA fganqLFkku ds o`Ÿki=ksa eas fdlus ;g lekpkj Hkstk dkSu fyf[kr lkfgR; ys x;k vkfn ckrksa dk lqjkx u feyus

ls vf/kdkjh vkx&ccwyk gks x,A dqN fnu ;wa gh chr x,A eq>s ckgj Hkstus ds fo”k; esa esjs vkosnu&i= dh lquokbZ gqbZ vkSj eq>s

mlls ikap&Ng fnu iwoZ gh mŸkj fey pqdk Fkk fd vkidks lkseokj ds fnu ckgj Hkstk tk,xkA

eSa nax jg x;kA lk spk] esjs tkus ls ca/kq Hkh vo’; ckgj tk,axsA ml bekjr dh nhokjksa ij fNi&fNidj tks dfork,a Vkadh Fkh] mUgsa

tYnh&tYnh daBLFk djds lkseokj dh izrh{kk djus yxkA ijarq eq>s jŸkh Hkj fo’okl ugha gks jgk Fkk fd os eq>s ckgj HkstasxsA lkseokj

vk x;kA vU; dbZ cafn;ksa dks ckgj Hkstk x;k] ijarq eSA T;ksa&dk&R;ksa viuh dksBjh esa gh canA rhljs fnu Ik;Zos{kd vk x;kA eSaus iwNk]

;g D;k\

47

ejkBk*] iq.ks 28 tqykbZ] 1912] gsjkYM vkWQ fjokWYV] yanu] vDVwcj] 1912

214

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


og rfud opu dk lPpk FkkA mlh us eq>s lkseokj dk fnu crk;k Fkk] vr% og dqN f[kfl;k lk x;kA mlus dgk]^^phQ dfe’uj

jaxwu x, gSaA vkrs gh irk pysxkA** rHkh esjk ekFkk BudkA vkf[kj dfe’uj jaxwu ls ysf¶VusaV xouZj ls HksaV djd s vk x;kA irk ugh

ogka D;k f[kpM+h idh] ijarq eq>s ckgj Hkstus ds LFkku ij ,d fnu izkr%dky ds le; mu lkjs jktcafn;ksa dh ] tks ckgj x, Fks] iwjs

vaneku esa vpkud idM+&/kdM+ vkjaHk gks xbZA fdlh dks gFkdfM+;ka Mkyh xbZ] fdlh dks oSls gh idM+kA fdlh dh dksBjh dh ryk’kh yh

xbZA ckr&gh&ckr eas jktcafn;ksa dh bl vkifŸk dk igkM+ vU; yksxksa ij Hkh VwV iM+kA dqN Lora= ?kjksa dh] dqN teknkjksa dh] dqN raMsyksa

dh] tgka ns[kks ogka ryk’kh] Nkuchu] idM+&/kdM+A xksjs vf/kdkfj;ksa dk mxz gks&gYykA lHkh ds NDds NwV x,] lHkh ldrs esa vk x,]

D;ksafd vf/kdkfj;ksa dks fo’oLr lekpkj feyk Fkk fd jktcafn;ksa us ce&xksys cukdj vaneku ls fudyus dk ,d egk”kM~;a= jpk gSA

ijarq bruh rykf’k;ksa esa ls&bruk igkM+ [kksnus ls&,d pwgk rd ugha fudyk] ,dk/k ce&xksyk rks D;k] lk/kkj.k lk yk S afx;k iVk[kk Hkh

cjken ugha gks ldkA ;g fo’oLr lekpkj nsus okyk yky eksgu caxkyh vkxs pydj vkSj blh rjg ds ,d dkaM esa fEkF;k lekpkj nsus

ds vijk/ko’k vf/kdkfj;ksa dk dksiHkktu cu x;k FkkA blls Kkr gksrk gh gS fd mlds lekpkj esa fdruk rF; FkkA vk’p;Ztud ckr

;g Fkh fd blh okWMZj }kjk igys gksrhyky dk i= b”V LFkku ij vius gkFkksa ls igqapkus dk vf/kdkfj;ksa dks lansg gks pqdk FkkA gks

ldrk gS] blh lansgo’k vf/kdkfj;ksa dh HkM+dh gqbZ Øks/kkfXu ds ‘keukFkZ okWMZj egk’k; us jktcafn;ksa ds fo:} bl rjg pqxyh [kkbZ

gksxhA dqN Hkh gks] ijarq jktcafn;ksa ij tSls vkleku VwV iM+kA dksbZ dgrk] fdlh ukys es ce cjken gks x;kA dksbZ dgrk] veqd

jktcanh ds tgkt eaxokus ds fy, Hksts x, i= idM+s x,A fdlh dh le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk] D;k gksxk\ bl naxs dk ykHk mBkdj

jktcafn;ksa dks idM+dj dkjkxkj esa Bwalk x;kA blhfy, rks phQ dfe’uj jaxwu x;k FkkA ckjh ds egŸo dh lhek gh ugha jghA mldks

rks tSls ij yx x,A og dfe’ujj ls Hkh dgrk] vki lksprs gSa] eSa [kyiq:”k gwaA ijarq ;s egkHk;adj yksx gSa] vki Hkh buls f’k”Vrkiw.kZ

O;ogkj ugha djk ldsA bUgsa rks mBrs&cSBrs ykr&?kwals pkfg,A

ge jktcanh] ftUgssa igys gh ce Hkksys egknso ds izlkn ls vkthou dkjkokl dk naM izkIr gks pqdk Fkk] fnu&jkr iqu% bl fpark esa Mwc

x, fd iqu% mlh ce egknso dh nwljh d`ik dkSu lk izlkn nsxhA bl fpark esa gekjs ckgj fudyus dk iz’u ,d ckj tks Mwck rks iqu%

dHkh Åij vk gh ugha ldkA ce&xksys vkSj vaneku dks mM+kdj Hkkx fudyus ds “kM~;a= dk lekpkj lquus ij vFkok lquus dk ukVd

djus ds Ik’pkr~ vf/kdkjh mUeŸk gks x,A os mn~naMkrkiw.kZ dgus yxs] vc ckgj tkus dk

215

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


uke Hkh er ysukA fganqLFkku ljdkj dk vafre vkns’k vk x;k gSA vc naM lekIr gksus ij vFkok ejus ds Ik’pkr~ gh bl dkjkxkj ls

ckgj fudyksxsA

vo’k] vlkg; jktcanh] tks vkthou dkjkokl dk naM Hkqxr jgs Fks] ftUgsa ,d&,d djds dksBfj;ksa esa can fd;k x;k Fkk] mUgksaus bl

ckr dk vkdyu Hkh ugha fd;k Fkk fd bl u, Hk;kud vkjksi dk fuf’pr Lo:i D;k gSA ,slh voLFkk esa rFkk ekufld fpark ls O;xz

bl izdkj ds mŸkj lqudj jktcafn;ksa dh dSlh xr curh gksxh] Hkyk bldk o.kZu dSls djsa\ bl rjg vlaxfBr rFkk fdadrZO;foew<+

voLFkk esa dqN fnu xqtjsA

cl FkksM+s gh fnu! D;ksafd ,d&nks lIrkg esa gh vkxkeh dk;ZØe dh lk/kkj.k :ijs[kk fuf’pr dh xbZA izFker% ;g fu’p; gqvk fd ;wa

gh Uk ?kcjkrs gq, nks&rhu yksx bl rjg vkosnu&i= Hkstsa fd ;g fuf’pr :i esa lwfpr fd;k tk, fd vfHk;ksx ;k vkjksi D;k gSA

“kM~;a=] jkT; Økafr] jktnzksg] ce cukuk] Hkkxus dh ;kstuk&tks Hkh vijk/k vki le>rs gSa] mls izdV :i esa vkjksfir djds ge ij

vfHk;ksx yxkb,A tks ckgj ls vk x,] muesa ls ftUgksaus bl rjg mŸkj fn;k] mUgsa dkQh gka&uk djrs gq, var esa mŸkj fn;k x;k]

^gekjs ikl bruk izek.k ugha gS fd vki ij vfHk;ksx pyk;k tk,A ijarq gk] izek.k u gksus ij Hkh vki ;fn dgsa] gesa ckgj NksM+ks rks

bldk uke drbZ u ysa* bl izdkj /kedk;k Hkh tkrkA vaneku esa tgka cafn;ksa ij pyk, x, vfHk;ksx esa odhy Hkh ugha feyrs&u iap]

u T;wjh gh&,slh vnkyr esa ckjh tSls drZO;’kkyh yksxksa ds ekStwn jgrs] tks izek.k ugha fey ldk rks ;g dgus dh vko’;drk gh ugha

fd og vkjksi fdruk dkYifud rFkk vfrjaftr gksxkA ijarq og vkjksi Bksl u lgh rFkkfi lqfo/kktud FkkA mlds }kjk fgqanLFkku

ljdkj dks Hk;adj fp= mdsjdj Hkstuk laHko gks x;k vkSj mudh bl rjg /kkj.kk dk fd jktcafn;ksa dh bl cyk dks dkjkxkj esa gh

can j[kuk Bhd gS vkSj bl rjg eq>s dkjkx`g ls ckgj NksM+us dh vkifŸk Hkh lgt Vkyus dk vf/kdkfj;ksa ds gkFk esa ,d vPNk cgkuk

vk x;kA

vUu R;kx

;k Kkr gksrs gh fd eSaus vUu R;kx fd;k] vf/kdkjh oxZ esa [kycyh ep xbZA phQ dfe’uj us Ik;Zos{kd dks lans’k Hkstk fd tSls&rSl s

;g ekeyk jQk&nQk dj nksA vUu R;kx ds vijk/k esa eq>ij vfHk;ksx pyk;k x;kA ijarq vfHk;ksx ds le; eq>s naM u nsrs gq, eq>ls

vuqjks/k fd;k x;k fd eSa vUu xzg.k d:aA viuk mn~ns’; lwfpr djrs gh eq>s ^ukuh xksiky* ls feyus dh vuqefr nh xbZA ;g fuf’pr

216

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


:i esa le>rs gh fd eSa rhu&rhu fnu rd¹48 vUu xzg.k ugha djrk] ukuh dks cgqr nq%[k gqvkA ckjh ckck ds lkFk eq>s mlls feyus

ds fy, Hkstk x;kA

Hkw[k gM+rky dk var

vUu R;kx] vu’ku djds Lo;a Hkw[kksa ejus dh Loi{kfo?kkrd ;q}&i}fr dk eSa rhoz fojks/k dj jgk FkkA blds ifj.kkeLo:i vUu R;kx

dh dYiuk dk lHkh us ifjR;kx fd;kA lHkh esa ukuh xksiky dks vUu xzg.kkFkZ euk ysuk nq”dj FkkA lHkh mik; csdkj gq,A og

ej.kkoLFkk ij igqap x;kA vr% eSaus ,sls /khjksnkŸk iq:”k dk thou efV;kesV u gks] blds fy, vafre mik; dh ;kstuk cukbZA eSaus mls

/kedh nh] ;fn rqeus vUu xzg.k ugha fd;k rks eq>s Hkh vUu R;kx djuk gksxkA ijarq nwljs gh fnu mlus esjk dguk ekudj vUu xzg.k

djus dk fu’p; fd;kA eSaus mls le>k;k] ^^ejuk gh gS rks bl rjg f=;k gB djds O;FkZ er ejksA dqN&u&dqN a a aafQj ejksA** var esa

mlus Hkh vUu xzg.k fd;k] eSaus Hkh vu’ku ozr rksM+k& vc nks ckj tks Hkkstu feyrk& og dke NksM+ nsus ls ljdkjh naM&Lo:i de

ek=k esa fn;k tkrk&mls [kkdj jktcanh Åij ls ukfj;y dh xjh pV djus yxs] ijarq dke ugha djrsA ^Hkw[ks D;ksa ejrs gks]

Nhu&>iVdj Hkkstu djks] gV~Vs&dV~Vs cuksA gka] dke er djukA* esjs bl ea= dk lHkh us vuqdj.k fd;kA rc mu jktcafn;ksa ij] tks

lkof/k naM izkIr Fks] dke NksM+us ds vijk/k esa LkHkh dkjkx`gh; naM lekIr gksus ds dkj.k eftLVsªV ds lkeus vfHk;ksx pyk, x,A fdlh

ds naM esa nks eghuksa dh o`f} dh xbZ] fdlh ds esa pkj eghus dh] ukuh xksiky dk naM ,d o”kZ c<+ x;kA

tSlkfd Åij dgk x;k gS] fganqLFkku esa vaneku ds lekpkj Nius ds dkj.k vf/kdkfj;ksa esa [kycyh ep xbZ FkhA mlesa bl “kM~;a= dk

tksM+ feyus ls fganqLFkku jdkj us Hkh lkspk fd ,d ckj vaneku dh fLFkfr dk izR;{k fujh{k.k djus ds fy, fdlh dks Hkstuk vko’;d

gSA vr% Lo;a x`gea=h ¼Home member½ lj jsftukWYM ØSMkWd] tks vkxs pydj czãns’k ds xouZj cus] vaneku esa i/kkjsA igys

vaneku esa dksbZ Hkh ofj”B vf/kdkjh ugha vkrk Fkk vkSj ;fn bDdk&nqDdk vk Hkh tk, rks mldk vkxeu bruk xqIr j[kk tkrk Fkk fd

cafn;ksa dks ;g Kkr gksuk vlaHko gksrk fd ;g dksbZ ;k=h gS ;k vf/kdkjhA blls db;ksa dks viuh f’kdk;rsa mls crkus dk volj gh

ugha feyrkA ;g ns[kdj fd dksbZ pwa rd ugha djrk] os vf/kdkjh okil ykSVrs vkSj izfrosnu ¼Report½ djrs fd lc Bhd&Bkd gSA bl ckj ,slk volj u vk tk, blfy, jktcafn;ksa dks xqIr :i ls x`gea=h ds vkxeu dk lekpkj feyrs gh mUgksaus

48

30 fnlacj] 1912 ls 2 tuojh] 1913

217

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


;g ekax j[kuk izkjaHk fd;k fd ge muls feyuk pkgrs gSa

^fdlus crk;k rqedks* bl rjg fpYykusokyksa dh xhnM+HkHkdh dh ijokg u djrs gq, ;g Hkh fu’p; fd;k x;k fd ;fn ofj”B vf/kdkjh

vk, vkSj muls feyus ugha fn;k x;k rks viuh dksBfj;ksa ls tksj&tksj ls iqdkjk tk,] fQj Hkys gh fu;eHkax dk naM feysA vkxs

pydj blh fu’p; ij dbZ ckj pyuk iM+k vkSj jktcafn;ksa dks naM Hkh Hkqxruk iM+kA var esa tc lu~ 1913 esa x`gea=h lj jsftUkkWYM

ØSMkWd vk,] ml le; dqN pqfuank jktcafn;ksa dks muds lkeus mifLFkr fd;k x;kA fdlh dh f’kdk;r dk mŸkj feyk] ^rqe yksxk

ljdkj ds ‘k=q gks] rqEgsa e`R;qnaM gh mfpr FkkA* fdlh dks crk;k x;k] ^ckr er djks ckgj tkus dhA rqe jktnzksgh “kM~;a= jprs gk sA

izek.k ge fl} ugha dj ldrsA ijarq ge tkurs gSaA* esjk laHkk”k.k¹49 vkjaHk eas rfud dqfVy ijarq lkSE; Lo:i dk gks x;kA lj lkgc

us dgk] ^^lkojdj] vkius vius ikaoksa ij Lo;a dqYgkM+h ekjh gSA fdruh nqxZr cukbZ gS viuh A eSaus vkidh lkjh iqLrdsa i<+h gSAA

vkidk Kku vkSj ‘kfDr ;fn mfpr ekxZ ls O;; dh tkrh rks vkidks dksbZ Hkh Js”V ljdkjh ukSdjh fey ldrh Fkh] ijarq vkidks ;g

nqxZrh gh jkl vkbZA** eSaus dgk] ^^vkidh lgkuqHkfr ds fy, /kU;okn! ;g nqxZfr Vkyuk vkids gkFk esa gSA fganqLFkku esa vc fof/keaMy

¼dk;ns dkSafly½ ds lkeus xks[kys dk vfuok;Z f’k{kk dk izLrko vk;k gSA ;fn mlls lger gksdj gekjs jk”Vª dks blh rjg dk oS/kkfud

fodkl dk iwjs eu ls volj fn;k tk, rks eSa gh D;ksa] esjs iwoZdkyhu lg;ksxh Økafrdkjh fe= Hkh galrs&galrs ‘kkafr dk ekxZ Lohdkj

djus ds fy, rRij gksaxsA esjs fopkj ls os Hkh ;gh dgrs gksaxsA**

lj ØSMkWd% vkidks dSls Kkr gqvk\ D;k vki tkurs gSa fd os dgka gS\

eSaS % ;g dSls laHko gS\ D;k eSa fnu&jkr vkidh dksBjh esa] vkids igjs esa can ugha gwa\ ijarq ge ,d&nwljs dh ul&ul ls ifjfpr gS]

mlh ds vk/kkj ij esjk vuqeku gSA ‘kkafr&ekxZ ls fodkl laHko gksrs gh Økafrdkjh ekxZ Lohdkjuk eSA v/keZ le>rk gwaA os Hkh ;gh

lksprs Fks] lksprs Hkh gksaxsA

lj % fcYdqy ughaA vki xyr lksp jgs gSaA os vHkh rd ogh j.k&xtZuk dj jgs gSa vkSj vkidk uke ys jgs gSaA fganqLFkku esa gksa vFkok

vesfjdk esa] vkids yksx vkt Hkh mlh vkijkf/kd vkanksyu esa O;Lr gSaA

eSa % ;g lekpkj vki ns jgs gSa] blhfy, eq>s Kkr gks jgk gSA esjk uke dksbZ ys jgk gS ;k ugha] bls Hkyk eSa dSls jksd ldrk gwa\ os

eq>s viuk usrk eku jgs gSa] blhfy, D;k vki ,slh dYiuk Hkh dj ldrs gSa fd eSa ;gka jgrs muls laca/k j[k

49

16 uoacj] 1913 ds fnu ;g HksaV gqbZ FkhA

218

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ldrk gwa\ ¼ikBd bl ckr ij /;ku nsa fd ml le; lu~ 1912&13 esa vesfjdk esa ^xnj* uked ,d Økafr i= vkSj vU; vkanksyu

dk lapkyu ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds ykyk gjn;kyth vkfn dj jgs Fks] tks ;wjksi ls vesfjdk pys x, FksA½

lj % ¼Hkk”k.k dks vkSj FkksM+k [khapdj chp esa gh½ fQj FkksM+h nsj igys tks vkids dgk] ml izdkj dk vfHkizk; ;fn vki mUgsa lwfpr

djus ds fy, rS;kj gksa rks i= Hkstus dh vuqefr ij fopkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA

eSa % i= Hkstus esa eq> s vfr izlUurk gksxhA ijarq og esjh vksj ls mUgsa Lora= :i esa Hkstk tk,] rHkh ykHk dh vk’kk gSA

lj % i= gekjs }kjk tkuk pkfg,A

eSa % mlls D;k os ,slk ugha lkspsaxs fd eSaus og i= ljdkjh ncko esa vkdj Hkstk gS\ vPNk rks gS fd i= eSa Lora= :i ls gh HkstwaA

lj % ,slk ge ugha dj ldrsA

eSa % rks fQj ljdkj ds gkFkksa i= Hkstus esa dksbZ ykHk gS] ;g eq>s ugha yxrkA

lj % ¼O;aX; n`f”V ls esjh vksj lfLer eqnzk esa ns[krs gq, ekuks ge nksuksa ,d&nwljs dks [kwc tkurs gSa½ vPNk] vkidh D;k f’kdk;r gS\

blds Ik’pkr~ eSa dkjkx`gh; nq%[kksa dh jkedgkuh lqukus yxkA jktcafn;ksa ds d”Vksa dk o.kZu djrs&djrs ^lj* lkgc ds lkFk vk, gq,

gekjs phQ dfe’uj us dgk] ^^ijarq rqe jktcafn;ksa us vR;kpkjksa vkSj [kwuh “kM~;a= jpk Fkka ;fn fganqLFkku ij vkt :lh yksxksa dk jkt

gksrk rks vki tSls ckfx;ksa dks os lkbcsfj;k Hkstrs vFkok xksfy;ksa ls mM+k nsrsA vr% vki viuk vgksHkkX; lef>, fd ge vaxzst vkids

lkFk bruk gh ^u`’kal* O;ogkj djrs gSaA**

eSa % ijarq :fl;ksa dk ‘kklu gksrk rks os fganqLFkku dks bruk fugR;k ugha djrsA vkt gekjs yksx Hkh lsukifr cu ldrs Fks] tSls :lh]

lkbcsfj;k vkfn jkT;ksa esa ogka ds yksx vf/kdkjh vkSj lsukifr cu ldrs gSaA vkSj ftl rjg eqxyksa ds lkFk gqvk Fkk] mlh rjg ge

ljsvke fonzksg djrs gq, ‘kh/kz Lokk/khurk Hkh izkIr dj ldrs FksA

lj % vkidk fganq iz’kklu gksrk rks vkSj Hkh vf/kd u`’kalrk gksrhA fonzksfg;ksa dks gkFkh ds iSajksa ds rys dqpydj ekjk tkrk FkkA

eSa % th gka! vkSj baXySaM esa rks dsoy pksjh ds vijk/k esa Hkjs jkLrs ?klhVdj vijkf/k;ksa dks Qkalh ij p<+k;k tkrk FkkA ijarq blhfy, fd

^gqvk djrk Fkk* vkt dksbZ pksjksa dks lwyh ij p<+krk gS D;k\ ijarq lR; ;g gS fd nksuksa i{kksa dks euq”;tkfr ds lkoZtfud lq/kkj dk

ykHk izkIr gksrk gSA izkphudky esa fonzksfg;ksa dks gkFkh ds ikao ds uhps dqpyk tkrk Fkk rks fonzksgh ;fn lQy gksrs Fks rks os Hkh pkYlZ tSls

jktk

219

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dks Qkalh ij yVdkrs FksA vkt nksuksa i{kksa esa vf/kd f’k”V rFkk lkSE; O;ogkj djuk ge vius esa gqvk lq/kkj] fodklu’khyrk dk y{k.k

ekurs gSa] vkSj tc rd vki viuh vksj ls le> jgs gSa rc rd gh ge Hkh dgrs gSa fd vkids fu;ekuqlkj gh gels O;ogkj fd;k

tk,A vki fcuk fu;e ljsvke vR;kpkj djus yxs rks fQj ge ml voLFkk dk Hkh tSls&rSls lkeuk djsaxs ghA

bl lHkka”k.k ds Ik’pkr~ ckr ?kwe&fQjdj fQj mlh fcanq ij vk xbZA vaneku dh canh&laLFkk fo”k;d Hkh dqN iz’uksŸkj gq, vkSj gesa

crk;k x;k fd fganqLFkku ljdkj gh mŸkj HkstsxhA

ØSMkWd /kedkrs gq, pys x,] mŸkj Hkh ugha vk;kA vaneku ds vf/kdkjh dgus yxs] vc orZeku fLFkfr ij gh larks”k djksA ijarq lHkh

jktcafn;ksa us fu’p; fd;k fd dksbZ&u&dksbZ vkanksyu NsM+s fcuk pSu ls ugha cSBsaxs vkSj mUgksaus rhljh gM+rky dk vkãu fd;kA dksbZ

,d&nks tuksa dks NksM+dj lHkh us dke djuk NksM+ fn;kA Ng&Ng ekl csfM+;ksa dk naM feykA ukuh xksiky dks vUu&R;kx djrs gq, Ms<+

eghuk gks x;k FkkA mls ukd esa uyh Mkydj cyiwoZd nw/k fiyk;k tkrkA og gfÏ;ksa dk <kapk jg x;k Fkk] rFkkfi ml ckyd dks] ftls

vUu&R;kx fd, Ms<+ eghuk gks pqdk Fkk] vkB fnu rd gFkdfM+;ksa esa fnu Hkj [kM+s jgus dk naM fn;k x;kA ijarq og ohj jŸkh Hkj Hkh

fopfyr ugha gqvkA lkFk gh mlds nq%[k ds m}sxo’k vU; Ng&lkr tuksa us Hkh vUu&R;kx fd;kA mUgsa [kkyh isV vkB fnuksa rd

gFkdfM+;ksa esa [kM+k fd;k x;kA esjk visf{kr i= vk x;kA ijarq eq>s dgk x;k] vkids i= esa vkifŸktud ys[ku gS] vr% vkidks i=

ugha fn;k tk,xkA i= vkrs gh eSa gM+rky esa lfEefyr gks x;kA nks1 50

lIrkg ds fy, vkM+h&csM+h2 51

dk naM feykA mlds Ik’pkr~

gFkdM+h] mlds Ik’pkr~ lkady csM+hA bl rjg naM c<+rs jgsA gekjs lgk;dksa us xqIr :i ls gesa lwfpr fd;k fd ml i= esa vkifŸktud

D;k gSA og vkifŸktud fo/kku Fkk&ml o”kZ ikfyZ;kesaV esa djgkMhZ }kjk eq>ls lacaf/kr ppkZ& vk;jySaM esa yksx [kqYye[kqYyk fonzksg dh

/kefd;ka nsrs gSa] lsuk laxfBr djrs gSa] fQj Hkh ljdkj dqN ugha djrhA ijarq lkojdj tSls ,d Hkkjrh; Økafrdkjh dks fiLrkSy tqVkus

ds fy, ipkl o”kZ ds dkysikuh dk naM fn;k x;k& bl izdkj dh rkuk nsusokyh ppkZ ikfyZ;kesaV esa gqbZ FkhA ;g lekpkj nsusokys i= dks

;fn eSa ns[krk rks ikfyZ;kesaV rd ds yksxksa dk gekjh vksj y{; dsafnzr gksxk] blh /kkj.kk ls ge jktcanh brjkus yxsaxs vkSj gM+rky dk

tksj c<+sxk&blh Hk; ds dkj.k ?kj ls vk;k gqvk og i= eq>s ugha fn;k x;kA ge lHkh

50

Lu~ 1914 esa ;g naM fn, tkus dk mYys[k gSA 51

bdkst ÝkWe vaneku* esa 9 ekpZ] 1915 ds i= esa bldh ppkZ gSA

220

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


us gM+rky esa nks&rhu iz/kku ekaxs izLrqr dha&

1- gesa jktcanh le>dj ml oxZ ds izFke Js.kh ds vf/kdkj fn, tk,aA

2- vU;Fkk ek= lk/kkj.k canhoku le>dj vaneku ds vU; cafn;ksa dh rjg ckgj NksM+k tk,] fy[kus dk dke fn;k tk,A vkf[kj esa

;Fkkle; ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dks ykus dh vuqefr nh tk,A

3- ;fn ;g Hkh u djuk gks rks gesa fganqLFkku ds dkjkx`g esa gh Hkstk tk,A fQj ge de&ls&de ogka dh lqfo/kkvksa dk rks ykHk mBk ldsaxsA

NwV&naM ds fnolksa dh dkjkx`gh; NwV Hkh feyrh jgsxhA

bu ekaxksa ds fy, gM+rky tkjh jgrs jktcanh ljsvke ljdkjh fu;keksa dks vaxwBk fn[kkus yxsA dM+s igjs esa fofHkUu dksBfj;kas esa fnu&jkr

can iM+s jgus ls ijLij ;kstuk,a rFkk lekpkj lwfpr djuk nwHkj gks x;kA tSlkfd ihNs o.kZu fd;k Fkk&og ^nwj/ofu* can gks x;k]

D;ksafd vkaxu fLFkr nwljh dksBfj;ksa ds Nsn ds ikl tkuk vlaHko gks x;kA

VsyhQksu [kRe rks VsyhxzkQ ‘kq:

VsyhQksu VwV x;k rks VsyhxzkQ dk vkfo”dkj gqvk& og Hkh ok;jysl dkA nwj/ofu VwV tkus ds Ik’pkr~ ;g csrkj dk rkj ;a= cgqr fnuksa

rd BkB ls dk;kZfUor gksrk jgk FkkA ikaoksa esa csfM+;ka Fkh] muds iksys ¼[kks[kys½ NM+ ;k dM+s FksA mu NM+ksa vFkok csfM+;ksa dks }kj dh

lyk[kksa ls Vdjkdj ,d fuf’pr /ofu fyfi esa dV~V] dM+d] dV~V vkjaHk gks x;kA ;g dsoy nks&pkj dksBfj;ksa ds fy, ugha FkkA Åijh

dksBfj;ksa ls gh ugha] ;s bekjrsa ftl dksus ls ,d&nwljh ls lVh gqbZ FkhA muesa ls igyh dksBfj;ksa ls vkokt bl bekjr ls ml bekjr

tkus ds dkj.k pkjksa vksj ls foiqy ek=k esa lekpkj vkus&tkus yxsA iqu% chp esa okWMZjksa ds fo’okl?kkr dk tks Hk; Fkk] og Hkh ugha

jgkA ;g /ofu fyfi izFker% vaxszth esa cukbZ xbZ FkhA mls gekjs HkzkrkJh us ukxjh esa ifjofRkZr fd;kA vc fo’kq} Lons’kh csrkj dk rkj

;a= ‘kq: gks x;kA vkids csrkj dh [kkst ekjdksuh us dh gksxhA gekjs vanekuh fo’o esa ekjdksuh dk ok;jysl vkus ls iwoZ gh gekjk

Lons’kh csrkj ‘kq: gks x;k FkkA

;g fy[krs&fy[krs gesa Lej.k gks jgk gS fd ^dSfiVy* i= esa gekjs ca/kq ok;jysl rkj ;a= ij fu;qDr fd, x, FksA ,slk tks lekpkj

izdkf’kr fd;k Fkk] og ljklj >wB Fkk] ;g dgk ugha tk ldrkA gka th] gka! gekjs ca/kqjkt csrkjh rkj ;a= ¼ok;jysl½ ij fu;qDr fd,

x, FksA ml i=&dFku esa tks fdafpr~ varj vk x;k]

221

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


og cl bruk gh Fkk fd ml i= ds vuqlkj og ckr ;q} ds le; gks xbZ Fkh vkSj bl csrkj dh vkokt iM+ksl vFkok fiNokM+s dh

,d&nks dksBfj;ksa rd gh igqaprh FkhA ogka ^dSfiVy* dk nkok Fkk fd og ^dSfiVy* dk nkok Fkk fd og BsB teZuh rd igqaprh FkhA

dsoy nwjh dk varj] tks {kE; FkkA oSls Hkh nk’kZfudksa ds lkeus vHkh rd ;g leL;k gh gS fd Space or time ¼fnd~ vkSj dky½ ;s

inkFkZ gSa ;k vkHkkl ek=!

bl rkj ;a= }kjk gesa ,d&nwljs dh ;kstuk dk Kku gksrk vkSj tks djuk gS] lHkh ,d lkFk djrsA ^ckjh* okWMZj ds flj ij lokj gksrk

fd ;s lkeqnfk;d ;kstuk,a curh dSls gSa\

dkSu lekpkj nsrk gS\ os xaokj iBku! mUgsa le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk] ;s [kV[kV csfM+;k D;ksa ctrh gS\ dksbZ fpYyk;k rks ge dgrs]

ge eu&gh&eu Hktu dj jgs gSaA var esa ,d dYiuk’khy okWMZj dk ekFkk Budk&csfM+;kas dh ;g iz’uksŸkjh [kV[kV D;ksa gks jgh gS\ ,d

us dh& fQj nwljs us dh& ogh [kV[kVA mlus ckjh dks crk;kA ,d jkr ckjh us xqipqi tsy esa pkjksa vksj pDdj yxk;kA mUgksaus Hkkai

fy;k& ;g csrkj dk rkj ;a= gSA fu:ik;! Bu dqdfeZ;ksa dks csfM+;k er [kV[kVkus nks] cl] ;gh dgdj os pys x,A ij lqurk dkSu\

fu;e gS rks mls j[kks rkd ijA

,slh /kekpkSdM+h eph FkhA Hkkstu ijkslrs le; ?kaVs Hkj ds fy, jktcafn;ksa dks [kksydj vkaxu esa yk;k tkrkA ,d&nks fnu Bhd&Bkd

chr x,] ijarq ikaposa fnu lHkh jktcanh ,d iafDr esa ijarq nwjh ij Fkkyh esa Hkkstu ys jgs FksA brus esa lqJkO; vaxszth esa vpkud Hkk”k.k

lqukbZ nsus yxk&^Brothers! We are all born free.* pkSadrs gq, lc Åij ns[kus yxsA ukuh xksiky us vpkud [kM+s gksdj lkoZtfud

O;k[;ku ‘kq: fd;kA ^cksyuk ugha* tSls ckjh ds fu;e dk laiw.kZ izfr’kks/k ysus ds fy, gh mlus Hkk”k.k vkjaHk fd;k] ^^ca/kqvksa! ge lc

tUe ls gh Lora= gSaA iszeiwoZd ,d&nwljs ls ckr djuk euq”; dk izd`fr fl} vf/kdkj gS] vkSj bls Hkh ;fn ‘k=q fNuuk pkgrk gS rks

Hkyk mldh dkSu lqusxk\ ns[kks] ;g eSa cksy jgk gwa vkSj cksyrk gh jgwaxkA** bl rjg oDr`Roiw.kZ dqN okD; mlds eqag ls fudy gh jgs

Fks fd vka[kksa ls fpuxkfj;ka fudkyrs gq, ckjh] fetkZ [kku] iBku okWMZj&lHkh us ml ij /kkok cksy fn;kA ijarq gekjs oDrk egksn; dk

Hkk”k.k mlh rjg /kkjkizokg tkjh Fkka mlds Hkk”k.k ds fo”k; dk rc rd lekiu ugha gqvk tc rd mls mBkdj dksBjh esa can ugha dj

fn;k x;kA jktcanh viuh galh jksd ugha ij jgs Fks vkSj ckjh dk xqLlk vfu;af=r gks jgk FkkA

iBku ;k fganw

esjh dksBjh ds ikl vkdj vdsys esa fetkZ [kku ls jgk ugha tk jgk Fkk vFkkZr~

222

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


NksVs ckjh us dgk] ^^ cM+s ckcw] ;g Nksdjk ukuh xksiky vkidk lPpk psyk gSA mldk lkgl fganqvksa dks ‘kksHkk ugha nsrkA og rks fdlh

iBku dk cPpk yxrk gSA** eSaus dgk] ^^cM+s teknkj lkgc] vki Hkwy dj jgs gSaA vkids firk iBku FksA ;fn og vki tSlk iBku dk

cPpk gksrk rks vkt Lons’kkFkZ ;gka lM+rs jgdj ckjh dks lkxikr u le>rs gq, vkidh rjg gh mlds ryos pkVrk fQjrkA ckjh ;fn

fnu dks jkr dgs rks vki Hkh jkr dgrs gSaA og fganw gS] blhfy, og bruk lwjek gSA teknkj] iBku tutkfr dh cqf}ekuh RkFkk ‘kwjrk

dh eSa Hkh Hkwjh&Hkwjh iz’kalk djrk gwaA ijarq ;fn lkjs&ds&lkjs iBku ‘kwj gksrs vkSj lkjs&ds&lkjs fganw ‘kwj u gksrs rks vkidk iBkuh vFkok

eqlyekuh r[r dSls iyV ldrs Fks\**

gM+rky tkjh Fkh] rc var esa fganqLFkku ljdkj dk vksn’k vk;k fd jktcafn;ksa dh ubZ O;oLFkk dh tk,A

bl vkns’k¹52 dk ikB cM+s BkB&ckV] rke&>ke ds lkFk lHkh dks bdV~Bk djds fd;k x;kA mlesa izeq[k fcanq Fks&

1- jktcafn;ksa esa tks lkof/k canh gSa] mUgsa fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkj esa Hkstk tk,xkA mUgsa fu;e ds vuqlkj naM esa NwV feyrh jgsxhA

2- ftUgsa vkthou dkjkokl gks x;k gS] mUgsa pkSng cjl rd dkjkx`g esa j[kk tk,xkA blds Ik’pkr~ ;fn mudk vkpj.k Bhd jgk rks

gkFk ds Je ds ckn mUgsa [kqyk NksM+k tk,xkA

3- dkjkx`g esa pkSng o”kksaZ rd mUgsa ofj”B Js.kh dk vUu&oL= fn;k tk,xkA ikap o”kZ gksrs gh mUgsa Lo;a Hkkstu cukdj [kkus dh

vuqefr nh tk,xhA O;; ds fy, izfr ekl :i;k&ckjg vkus rd Hkh mUgsa fn, tk,axsA

rhljh gM+rky dk var

mi;qZDr ‘krksaZ ls ;gh fn[kkbZ nsxk fd gM+rky dh dqN ekaxs iwjh gks xbZ FkhA fnYyh ls fy[kdj vk;k Fkk&^;g loZFkk vifjofrZr

O;oLFkk gSA* rFkkfi bl rjg fdruh gh vifjorZuh; O;oLFkk,a jktcafn;ksa us vkanksyu }kjk cnyh FkhA vr% ;g r; gks x;k fd

viuh ‘kfDr ds vuqlkj tks fey x;k] mldks Lohdkj djsa] tc rd fd nwljk volj ugha feyrk vkSj lHkh us gM+rky lekIr

djds dke izkjaHk fd;kA ‘kh/kz gh lkof/k nafMr ¼ Term-Convicts½ fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkj esa Hksts tkus yxsA tkrs le; geus mUgsa crk fn;k fd ns’k esa lrr vanekuh; ;a=ukvksa dks

52

;g vkns’k fnlacj 1914 dk gSA

223

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izpkfjr djrs jgks vkSj ns’k ls tc&tc Hkh cafn;ksa ds pkyku vaneku vk,axs rc&rc Lojk”Vª ds lekpkj Hkstrs jgksA mu jktcafn;ksa

dks ,d jkT; dh ctk; lHkh jkT;ksa esa fc[kjus ls muds fy, ;s nks dke djuk vf/kd lqyHk gks x;k] vkSj mUgksaus ;s nksuksa dke

;FkklaHko HkyhHkkafr fuHkk,A

lkof/k nafMrksa ds jokuk gksrs gh dkjkx`g esa vkthou dkjkokl izkIr ge FkksM+s gh nafMr ‘ks”k jgsA ,dk/k lkof/k dSnh ihNs jg x;k

FkkA izk;% lHkh dks Vksyh&Vksyh esa viuk Hkkstu vius vki cukus dh lqfo/kk nh xbZ] ftlls vPNk Hkkstu feyus yxkA dqN yksxksa dks

Nkik[kkuk] xazFkky; ¼mldk o`Ÿkkar vkxs vk,xk½] uD’ks fudkyuk& bl rjg ds dke fn, x, vkSj mUgsa ikap :i, izfrekl osru Hkh

feyus yxkA iSlksa dh nqyZHkrk gh ugha] nqn`Z’;rk Hkh ftl dkjkx`g esa Fkh] mlesa mls gh /kUuk lsB le>k tkrk ftlds ikl ikap

:i;s gksrsA vkSj fQj vusd yksx mldh lsok esa rRij jgrsA blesa D;k vk’p;Z\ bl rjg ‘ks”k vktUe dkjkokl izkIr nafMrksa esa

cgqr lkjs yksxksa dk dkjkx`g dh rqyuk esa lqyHk Je vkSj vPNk Hkkstu feyus ls mfpr izca/k gks x;kA ijarq ;g lkjk tqxkM+ gksus

ij Hkh] bl lk/kkj.k ykHk esa Hkh gesa dqN vf/kd lqfo/kk ugha feyhA gesa fdlh Hkh rjg dk fy[kus dk dke ugha fn;k x;kA gekjh

fdlh dkj[kkus dh ns[kjs[k ij fu;qfDr ugha dh xbZA gesa izeq[k larks”k ;g gqvk Fkk fd gekjs lgHkksxh ns’kHkDrksa dks rks dqN&u&dqN

lqfo/kk fey gh xbZA gekjs ca/kq dks vkSj gesa ogh jLlk cVus dk d”Vnk;d dke djuk iM+kA vkxs pydj ukfld ds vfHk;qDr Jh

okeujko tks’kh vkSj esjs ca/kq dks vU; jktcafn;ksa dh rjg ,d lkFk Hkkstu cukus dh vuqefr fey xbZA ij eq>s igy s dh gh rjg

,d bekjr esa can j[kk x;kA vanekuh iz’kklu dk ;g lw= gh fuf’pr gks x;k Fkk] tks ckjh dbZ ckj dgkr&^v’kkafr dk izeq[k

dkj.k lkojdj gSA mu ij dM+h ut+j j[kuh pkfg,A mUgsa ;FkklaHko dksbZ Hkh lqfo/kk ugha nsuh pkfg,A*

;g lu~ 1914 dk o”kZ FkkA jktcafn;ksa ds vanekuh; vkanksyu rFkk mlds o`Ÿkkar dk iwokZ/kZ ;gha ij lekIr gksrk gSA vkxs pydj

fganqLFkku dh vkSj bl txr~ dh jktuhfr esa cM+s&cM+s ifjorZu gksrs x,A muds ifj.kke ds izHkko vaneku ds bl NksVs ls mifuos’k

ij Hkh gksus ds dkj.k ogka ds lekpkjks dk Lo:i gh vkewypwy cny x;kA iwokZ/kZ esa eq[;r% Lokoyacu;qDr thou thus ds fy,

vR;ar vko’;d Hkwfedk fuekZ.k djus esa jktcafn;ksa dh ‘kfDr O;; gks xbZA ijarq mŸkjk/kZ esa vaneku ds lkoZtfud thou esa Hkh u;k

tks’k mRiUu djus ij mudk /;ku yxk jgkA bl Bksl ifjorZu ls gekjk ;g dkjkxkjh; lekpkj Hkh nks foHkkxksa esa caV tkrk gS]

vr% bldk iwokZ/kZ ;gh ij lekIr djds vkxkeh vf/kd O;kid o`Ÿkkar mŸkjk/kZ ds fy, lqjf{kr j[ksaxsA

224

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


mŸkjk/kZ

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&1

vaneku esa laxBu vkSj izpkj dk;Z

iwokZ/kZ eas dsoy esjk gh ugha vfirq LFkwy :i esa vaneku fLFkr iwjs jktcanh oxZ dk fooj.k fn;k x;k gSA mu ikap&Ng o”kksZa esa jktcafn;ksa

ds laidZ ls] muds iz;klksa ls cafn;ksa ds lkFk vkpj.k vkfn esa tks vf/kd ekuork dk n’kZu gksus yxk] mlls vkSj fo’ks”kr% jktcafn;ksa

dk vf/kdkfj;ksa ls tks vfHkeku rFkk izfrjks/kiw.kZ O;ogkj gksrk jgk] mlls lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dk ,dkRed laxBu] mudk lkgl] /kS;Z vkfn

ns[kdj vkSj ;g ns[krs gq, fd ,d dks d”V esa ns[kdj vU; lkjs canh fdl rjg th&tku ls mldh eqfDr ds fy, iz;Rujr gksrs gSa&

vU; cafn;ksa ds eu esa Hkh lkekftd rŸo tM+ idM+us yxsA Lons’k] Lo/keZ] tulsok vkfn ‘kCnksa ls ifjfpr gksdj mudh lkekftd

uhfreŸkk ifjof/kZr gksus yxhA mlesa Hkh fganw cafn;ksa esa bu xq.kksa dk izknqHkkZo ‘kh?kzrkiwoZd gksus yxkA ihNs dgk gh x;k gS fd mudh f’k{kk

ds fo:} vf/kdkfj;kas us fdruh dBksj uhfr viukbZ FkhA ijarq jktcafn;ksa ds iz;klksa ds dkj.k og vc cgqr gh <qyeqy gks xbZ FkhA

eqlyeku okWMZjksa ds ikl gh ugha vfirq cafn;ksa ds ikl Hkh dqjku vFkok vU; /kkfeZd iqLrdsa gksrh vkSj dHkh&dHkh dke Vkyus ds fy, os

mudk ikB djrsA ijarq fganqvksa dks viuh /kkfeZd iqLrdsa j[kuk vkSj i<+uk pksjh tSlk dke gksrkA ;k rks ofj”B vf/kdkjh mUgsa jksdrs ;k

dHkh ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa ls vuqefr feyus ij eqlyeku teknkj ck/kk [kMh+ djrs A ikap&nl fganw canh foJke ds fnu Hkh rqylh

jkek;.k i<+us cSBs rks bldk dksbZ fu;e ugha gksrk fd eqlyeku raMsy vFkok fetkZ [kku mu ij dc vpkud MaMs cjlk nsaA bl rjg

ds volj geus dbZ ckj ns[ksA ,sls iBkuh raMsyksa rFkk iatkch eqlyekuksa ls lHkh ifjfpr Fks] tks /kkfeZd iqLrdksa esa Nis fp= ns[kdj bl

rjg dh ^cqrijLr* ¼ewfrZiwtd½ iqLrdsa fganqvksa }kjk i<+us dk fojks/k djuk viuk ije drZO; ekurs FksA ,slh voLFkk esa jktcafn;ksa esa

ls ge tSls yksxksa dks ;g lc vlã gks tkrk] rks ge ;g c[ksM+k

227

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa rd ys tkrsA ckj&ckj ,slk djus ls fganw cafn;ksa }kjk iqLrd j[kus ij fd;k tkusokyk izR;{k ;k vizR;{k fojks/k can

gqvkA fganw cafn;ksa dks /kkfeZd iqLrd vius ikl j[kus] dke ls fuiVus ds ckn fdlh dks i<+us ds fy, nsus rFkk LysV dk ,dk/k VqdM+k

;k LysV Hkh j[kus dh fLFkfr cuhA

fganw yksxksa dks NqV~Vh feyus esa Hkh blh rjg dk i{kikr gksrkA eqlyekuh NqV~Vh ds fnu eqlyeku cafn;ksa dks dke u djrs gq, xIis

gkadus vkSj vkjke ls ?kwers jgus dh iwjh NwV feyrh FkhA ijarq fganqvksa dks fdruh gh NqfV~;ka rks nh gh ugha tkrh] NqfV~V;ksa ds fnu NksVs

vf/kdkjh mUgsa MkaVrs&/kedkrs] ^dke djrs gks ;k fnu Hkj dksBjh esa can jguk ilan djksxs\* vFkkZr~ vka[ksa rjsjs teknkj ds eqag ls

dksBjhcanh dk uke lqurs gh cspkjs fganw canh pwipki dke djrsA bl izdkj ds vu;k; dks jksdus vkSj fganqvksa dks viuh Nqfê;ka fnyokus

ds fy, mUgsa euk djus ds fy, izo`Ÿk djds ge Hkh dke NksM+dj cSB x,A Ik;Zos{kd us vkdj ns[kk fd ekeyk gn ls c<+ x;k gS\ rc

mlus gels dgk] ^^fganqvksa dks Nqfê;ka nh tk,xh ijarq vki yksx bl rjg Madk ihVsaxs rks vkidks naM fn;k tk,xkA vkidks ,d lk/kkj.k

nafMr ln`’k naM nsuk eq>s vfiz; yxrk gS] blhfy, vcdh ckj NksM+ nsrk gwaA**

fganw cafn;ksa ds vU;k; nwj djus ds fy, iz;Ru’khy jgusokys jktcanh vius eqlyeku cafn;ksa ij gks jgs vU;k;ksa dk izfrdkj djus esa Hkh

ihNs ugha jgrs FksA muds iz;klksa ls Hkkstu] dke] naM vkfn esa tks lq/kkj gq, vkSj cafn;ksa dks tks lqfo/kk,a feyrh xbZ] mudk YkkHk

eqlyekuksa dks Hkh fey gh jgk FkkA vr% os Hkh jktcafn;ksa dk vknj djrs A bruk gh ugha] os muds }kjk fd, x, ?kiys dgha jktcanh

mtkxj u dj nsa] bl Mj ls mudh th gqtwjh Hkh djrsA jktcafn;ksa ds mins’kksa ls eqlyekuksa esa Hkh jk”Vªh; izo`fŸk ds yksx vkxs vk x,A

os mi;qDr Hkh fl} gq,A ijarq vkxs pydj tSls&tSls ‘kqf} vkfn vkanksyu djuk jktcafn;ksa ds fy, vfuok;Z gks x;k oSls&oSls muesa

mudh tUetkr /kekZa/krk Hkh mHkj vkbZA

cafn;ksa dh f’k{kk ds fy, tc ikB~;&iqLrdsa j[kus dh FkksM+h lqfo/kk izkIr gks xbZ rc eq[; iz’u ;g mifLFkr gqvk fd mUgsa iLrds a fdl

rjg feysaxhA izk;% mu lHkh ?kjksa esa vKku dk clsjk FkkA ;fn os dqN ekax djrs rks ?kj ls egaxs twrksa ds iklZy rks vk tkrs] ijarq

nqoUuh&poUuh dh iqLrd ekaxus ij Hkh ugha vkrhA ;g izkFkZuk O;FkZ Fkh fd mUgsa ljdkj dh vksj ls iqLrdsa feysaA ;gh D;k de midkj

Fkk fd ,dk/k iqLrd j[kus dh vuqefr fey xbZ FkhA vr% ge vius futh iklZyksa esa Øfed rFkk lqyHk bfrgkl] Hkwxksykfn dh iqLrdsa

eaxokus yxsA dqN fnu ,sls gh dke pykA ijarq iDdh O;oLFkk ds fy, ‘kh/kz gh ,d dsanzh; laLFkk Lfkkfir dh xbZA ihNs

228

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


mYys[k fd;k gh x;k gS] ftu jktcafn;ksa dks jktuhfr dk /;sl vFkok ekxZ dk foosd rFkk jgL; dk vkdyu ugha gqvk Fkk vkSj tks

fdlh Hkh ns’klsod laLFkk esa ‘kiFkc} ugha gq, Fks& bl rjg ds yksxksa dks ‘kiFkiwoZd Lons’klsok dh nh{kk rFkk ml foosd ,ao jgL; esa dk

KkuiwoZd cks/k djkus dk miØe izkjaHk fd;k x;k FkkA vkxs&vkxs mlh laLFkk esa jktcafn;ksa ds laidZ ls] ftuds àn; esa ns’kHkfDr dk cht

iM+k Fkk] mu lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dks izos’k feyus yxkA os canhoku tc Ng ekg vFkok ,d o”kZ ds Ik’pkr~ ckgj fudyrs rc mlh i}fr ds

vuqlkj vius Lora= eaMy izLFkkfir djrsA blh laLFkk esa vkxs pydj f’k{kk izpkjkFkZ izkfIr ds ihNs izR;sd dks :i, ds fy, bdUuh]

ikap :i, ds fy, vBUuh& bl rjg p<+rh Js.kh dk ‘kqYd j[kk x;kA dqN cafn;ksa dks ckgj dqN bl rjg ds vf/kdkj izkIr gksrs Fks fd

os lgtrk ls rhl&pkyhl :i, izfr ekg dek ysrsA mlds Ik’pkr~ pkj&ikap eghuksa esa ckgj NksM+s x, jktcafn;ksa ds dkj.k ckgj ds

canh vf/kdkfj;ksa esa gh ugha] vfirq lk/kkj.k O;kikjh vkfn ^Lora=* oxZ esa Hkh dbZ yksx ns’kHkfDr eas :fp ysuk lh[k pqds FksA mlh rjg

cafn;ksa us Hkh Hkhrj yh gqbZ ‘kiFk dk izpkj djrs jgdj yksxksa esa de&vf/kd ek=k esa jktuhfr esa :fp rFkk bl Hkko dk fuekZ.k fd;k

Fkk fd Lons’kkFkZ viuk Hkh dqN drZO; curk gSA ml mifuos’k esa MkWDVj] U;k; foHkkx ds vf/kdkjh rFkk vU; iz’kklu foHkkxh;

vf/kdkfj;ksa us] tks fganqLFkku ds f’kf{kr oxZ ls dsoy ukSdjh djus vk, gq, Fks] vkSj ftuesa ls cgqr lkjs izR;{k vFkok vizR;{k :i ls

gels Hkh ifjfpr gks x, Fks] mUgksaus Hkh og vHkwriwoZ fu;ec} Lons’k&lsokozr Lohdkj dj fy;k FkkA mlesa ,d fu;e Fkk fd vc og

oxZ lkS :i, dh izkfIr ds ihNs ikap :i, vaneku esa izpkj dk;kZFkZ laLFkk dks iznku djsA ml fu;ekuqlkj dqN yksx fu;fer :i esa

nzO; nku djrsA muesa ls ftUgksaus fganh ugha i<+h Fkh] os fganh i<+uk&fy[kuk lh[krsA jktuhfr] bfrgkl] vFkZ’kkL=] iz’kklu’kkL= tSls

fo”k;ksa] tks izR;sd ns’kizseh ds fy, vko’;d gSa& ij pquh gqbZ iqLrdksa dh geus tks ,d lk/kkj.k lwph cukbZ Fkh] mlds vuqlkj o s iqLrdsa

[kjhn ysrs vkSj i<+rsA laLFkk dh lafpr fuf/k rFkk laLFkk ds bl rjg ds lHkh O;ogkj vfyf[kr gksrs vkSj mUgsa bl rjg pykuk iM+rk

fd fo:} vf/kdkfj;ksa dh oØn`f”V dks ;FkklaHko mudk lqjkx Hkh u yxsA

laLFkk dh fuf/k esa ls cafn;ksa ds fy, LysaVs] Øfed iqLrdsa rFkk mPp fo”k; dh iqLrdsa [kjhnus ij tks nwljh dfBukbZ lkeus jgrh] og Fkh

mUgsa ckaVus dhA D;ksafd dkjkx`g fLFkr canh ds ikl iqLrd ns[krs gh vf/kdkjh dk igyk iz’u gksxk] ;g iqLrd fdlus nh\ bldh rks dksbZ

fxurh gh ugha fd i<+us rFkk iqLrd ikl j[kus ds vijk/k esa fdrus yksxksa dks naM Hkqxruk iM+k( vkSj bl iz’u ij fd iqLrd fdlus nh]

229

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gekjk uke ysus dk vFkZ gS vius okWMZj ds in ls gkFk /kks cSBuk vFkok dksYgw esa tksrs tkukA

jktcafn;ksa ls cksyuk vlaHko Fkk] fQj mudh iqLrd dks Lohdkj djus ds vijk/k ds ckjs esa D;k dguk\ vr% NqV~Vh ds fnu dksbZ ckgj

pyk tk, rks bl cgkus ls fd vykus&Qykus HkkbZ&canksa ls veqd O;fDr dks iqLrd nh&mu Øfed izLrdksa dks fBdkus yxkuk iM+rkA

bu iLrdksa ds ekxZ esa ljdkjh ck/kk dh rjg gh cM+h Lo;a mu vukM+h] ukle> canhokuksa dh FkhA i<+us dk uke ysrs gh mudk igyk

iz’u gksrk] i<+us ls Hkh D;k ykHk gksxk\ ckSf}d vFkok jk”Vªh; ykHk crkvks rks muds iYys dqN ugha iM+rkA ;g Hk; Hkh muds eu esa

lek;k gqvk Fkk fd ckjh lkgc dh mu ij oØn`f”V gS] ftUgsa i<+us&fy[kus esa :fp gS] rFkkfi cyiwoZd] idM+&/kdM+dj ftl fdlh ls

laidZ gksrk] mls i<+kus dk iz;kl tkjh FkkA fdlh dks dgrs] rqEgsa tjk lh ejkBh vkrs gh vaxszth i<+k,axs] fQj rqe NksVs ls ys[kd dk

dke dj ldksxs vkSj êqa’kh* cu tkvksxsA cafn;ksa esa êqa’kh* dk cM+k eku FkkA bl egŸodka{kk ls izsfjr gksdj fd êSa eqa’kh cuwaxk* dbZ

canh i<+us yxrsA dqN gh ,sls fudyrs tks dsoy bl mnkŸk Hkkouk ls fd og gekjh fo|k gS] vFkok ge /keZxzaFk i<+ ldsaxs] vFkok ;g

gekjk jk”Vªh; drZO; gS] izks<+oLFkk esa v&vk ls Jhx.ks’k djrsA

ijarq bldk c[kku D;ksa djs fd ;g dke fdrus >a>V dk FkkA v] vk] d] [k] i<+us ds fy, nsrs vFkok ^?kj] dj* vkfn ‘kCn bu

fuiV vukM+h cafn;ksa dks pksjh&fNis i<+kuk] vkSj myVs mudh fpjkSjh Hkh djukA dHkh&dHkh rks eq¶r feyh gqbZ LysVsa&iqLrdsa j[kus dks Hkh

os rS;kj ugha gksrsA i<+us ds Hk; ls os ckr djuk gh NksM+ nsrsA ,sls yksxksa dk eu eksM+us ds fy, Nk=o`fŸk;ka nsuh iM+rh] og Hkh vanekuh

eqnzk esaA vaneku ds dkjkx`g esa :i, dh eqnzk nwljs ntsZ dh Fkh& iz/kku dk;Zdkjh pyu ^lqDds* dk FkkA bl ikfjHkkf”kd ‘kCn dk vFkZ

gS&rackdwA f’k”; dks rackdw dh nks p qVfd;ka nsus ij og vius xq: ij ianzg&chl feuV rd i<+us dk egku~ midkj djrkA bl >a>V ls

rax vkdj izFke gekjs lg;ksxh jktcanh Åcdj cafn;ksa dks i<+kus dk dke djus ls Li”V euk djrs A dgrs fd ;g ‘kfDr dk nq:Ik;ksx

gS] D;kasfd ge tSls ch-,-],e-,- yksx vukM+h] vijk/kh] pksj] Mkdqvksa dks iqpdkjdj mUgsa v] vk] dk ikB i<+k,a vkSj ‘kCn tksM+us dh

d”Vizn ekFkkiPph djrs jgsa& ;g lpeqp gh m}sxtud gSA ijarq bl rjg dh Hkkouk gekjs lg;ksfx;ksa ds eu esa vkrs gh ge vius eu

dks rFkk muds eu dks iqu%iqu% izksRlkfgr djrs gq, dgrs] ^;g ‘kfDr dk viO;; gS u\ vPNk] fQj bl voLFkk esa ns’klsokFkZ dksbZ vkSj

vf/kd egŸoiw.kZ d`R; vki dj ldrs gSa\ tks gka dgs] og ;g dke NksM+dj nwljk vf/kd

230

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


egŸo dk dk;Z djsA ijarq le; dsoy O;FkZ dh fpark vFkok fryfeykgV lgrs vFkok vkil esa fujFkZd fookn djus esa O;rhr djus ls

bu rqPN ifrrksa dks i<+kus esa mudh eu%izofŸk ijksidkj dh vksj eksM+us esa O;rhr djuk D;k ns’k ds fy, vf/kd dY;k.kdkjh ugha gS\

vkSj nsf[k,] ge xkao&xkao esa izkFkfed Ldwy [kksyus ds izLrko ykrs gSaA og f’k{kk nsus ds fy, fdlh&u&fdlh dks vkxs vkuk gh gk sxk u\

izkFkfed Ldwyksa esa bl rjg i<+kus esa thou nsus dk ozr fdlh&u&fdlh dks ysuk gh gksxk u\ fQj og d”Vizn dk;Z ge gh D;ksa u djsa\

ge v/;kidksa ds eksVs&rxM+s osru rFkk lEekuh; dqjfl;ksa ij dCtk djsa vkSj xkoksa esa ckjg[kfM+;ka jVkrs gq, i<+kus dk d”Vizn dk;Z

vU; yksx LkaHkkysa] ;g bPNk d;k vU;;ewyd ugha gS\ ifrrks}kj dk dk;Z jk”Vªh; fgr ds fy, vko’;d gSA egku~ euh”kh] iafMr]

fe’kujh] ;wjksih; dkjkxkj esa ek= blh dk;kZFkZ viuk thou lefiZr djrs gSaA :l ds ‘krkf/kd jkT; Økafrdkjh fo}ku xkaoksa esa ?kqldy

pqipki f’k{kk izlkjkFkZ ekFkk ekj jgs gSaA fQj D;ksa u ge bl LFkku ij mlh n`f”V ls ogh dk;Z djsa\ ge bUgsa ek= ‘kkfCnd ckjg[kfM+;ka

ugha i<+krs rks ml ‘kkfCnd f’k{kk dh vksV esa [kM+s jgdj mudh vkRekvksa dks vkfFkZd ckjg[kfM+;ka Hkh i<+k jgs gSaA gekjh laxr esa

vkrs gh muds eu esa Lojk”Vª] Lons’k] Lotkfr dh /kkj.kk,a mHkjrh gSaA tc ge bfrgkl dk o.kZu djrs gSa] rc muds eq[keaMy ij Hkh

vkHkk pedus yxrh gSA D;k os ifrr gSa\ vkSj ge D;k gSa\ ge Hkh tUetkr eqDr FkksM+s gh gS\ ;fn mUgsa lq/kkjk tk, rks os Hkh lq/kjsaxsA

vr% tc rd vU; vf/kd egŸoiw.kZ ns’kdk;Z eas ge vleFkZ gSa rc rd bl vR;ar d”Vizn dk;Z dks dk;kZfUor djus es gh okLrfod

ns’klsok gSA vius bu nhu&ghu ifrr ca/kqvksa dks ‘kkfCnd] ckSf}d] jk”Vªh; rFkk vkReh; f’k{kk nsus dh ftruh ;ksX;rk ge esa gS] mruh

f’k{kk dk dk;Z gesa djrs jguk gksxkA*

bl izdkj iz;Rujr jgrs gq, nhu&ghu ifrrksa esa dbZ ,sls mnkjeuk fudys fd mudh fuLLokFkZ ijksidkjh cqf} dk] LoPN vkpj.k dk

rFkk ns’kfgr lk/kus dk izHkko ns[kdj ge jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh vkRe’yk?kk ds fy, yTtk dk vuqHko gksus yxrkA

jktcanh canhokuksa dh iqLrdkfn f’k{kk&lkexzh dk ;g lc izca/k djrs Fks] lkFk gh jktcafn;ksa ds fy, Hkh ,d xzaFkky; [kksyus dk iz;kl

dj jgs FksA izFker% ge ,d&nwljs dh iqLrdsa ugha i<+ ldrs FksA fiNys ,d izdj.k esa bldk mYys[k fd;k gSA mlds i’pkr~ ge

nl&ikap yksxksa us dfe’uj rd ;g izkFkZuk dh fd gesa ,d&nwljs dh iqLrdsa i<+us dh vuqefr nh tk,A ijarq ckjh dk dguk Fkk& bUgsa

,d&nwljs dh iqLrdsa i<+us dh vuqKk nsrs gh ,d&nwljs us iqLrdsa QkM+ Mkyh] bl cgkus ls

231

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


os ,d&nwljs ls >xM+rs jgsaxs vkSj iqLrd ij isafly ls fpfê;ka fy[kdj vkil esa i=&O;ogkj djrs jgsaxsA ekuks vkilh i=&O;ogkj bl

lk/ku ds vHkko esa :dk gqvk Fkk! dkQh ikiM+ csyus ij ,d gM+rky ds QyLo:i Ik;Zos{kd us vuqKk nh fd vf/kdkfj;ksa dh lEefr ls

vkil esa ysu&nsu djds iqLrdsa i<+saA blds Ik’pkr~ lHkh dh iqLrdsa ,df=r j[kh tk,aA ;g vkosnu djrs gh ckjh dks yxk fd vc ;s

yksx xzaFkky; cuk, fcuk ekusaxs ughaA vr% mUgkasus tedj fojks/k fd;kA mUgksaus Ik;Zos{kd dks lwfpr fd;k fd jktcafn;ksa esa ls izk;% lHkh

yksx viuh vueksy iqLrdsa nwljksa ds gkFk lkSaius ds fy, rS;kj ugha gSaA mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij mUgksaus vius nks Hkjkslsean I;knk sa dks lkeus

fd;kA mu nksuksa us Ik;Zos{kd dks lwfpr fd;k fd ^^ge nksuksa iqLrdsa ,df=r djus ds fo:} gSaA** rc Ik;Zos{kd us gels dgk] ^^vki

nks&rhu tuksa dks NksM+dj lHkh fo:} gSaA ,sls esa iqLrdksa dks bdV~Bk dSls fd;k tk,\** geus muls dgk] ^^vki Lo;a dks /kedk;k fd

Bhd gS] iqLrdksa dks ,df=r dhft,] ysfdu mu iqLrdksa esa fdlh dk Hkh iasfly ls ys[ku feyk] Hkys gh og nwljksa us fy[kk gqvk gks] rks

mlds fy, iqLrd ds Lokeh dks gh mŸkjnk;h le>dj os iqLrdsa tyk nh tk,axhA

bl izdkj mlus ,slk Mj fn[kk;k] /kedk;k & ij nwljs fnu lHkh ls Ik;Zos{kd ds iwNus ij lHkh us vFkkZr~ ckjh ds nks&rhu ^le>nkj*

ikyrw pepksa dks NksM+dj dgk] ^^iqLrdsa bdV~Bh j[ksaxsA** tykus ds uke ij geus dgk] ^^tks iqLrdsa muesa esjh iqLrdsa cgqr ewY;oku gSa&

nks&rhu lkS :i;ksa dh os iqLrdsa ;fn tykbZ xbZa rks Hkh gkfu ugha] ijarq iqLrdsa bdV~Bh gksuh pkfg,A izR;sd dkjkx`g esa ljdkjh O;; ls

gh ,d&,d xazFkky; j[kk tkrk gSA b/kj ljdkj ,d iqLrd Hkh ugha ns jghA ijarq ge vius O;; vkSj vkidh vuqefr ls tks iqLrdsa

Hkhrj yk, gSa] mUgsa Hkh bdV~Bh j[kdj xazFkky; cukuk pkgrs gSa rks vkidks d”V gks jgk gSA** i;Zos{kd izxfroknh euq”; FkkA mlu s

Lohdkj fd;k vkSj gekjs dgus ds vuqlkj mudh iqLrdsa NksM+dj] tks bdV~Bh iqLrdsa j[kuk ugha pkgrs Fks] Øekad yxkdj ,d xzaFkky;

cuk;kA gj jfookj dks LkHkh jktcanh ckjh&ckjh ls tkdj iqLrdsa cny ysrs FksA bl rjg Øe ‘kq: gqvkA

xzaFkky; ds izca/k ls ,d&,d dks i<+us ds fy, fofo/k iqLrdsa feyus yxh vkSj ftu jktcafn;ksa dks ?kj ls iqLrdsa Hkstus ;ksX; Hkh dksbZ

vk/kkj ugha Fkk] mUgsa ljsvke eaxokus ds le; bl rjg r; fd, fd gj fdlh dks izfro”kZ ,d gh iklZy feyrk] rFkkfi vyx&vyx

le; ij eaxokus ls gj eghus fdlh&u&fdlh dk

232

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


iklZy vkrk gh jgrkA mlesa Hkh ,d tks iqLrdsa eaxokrk] mUgsa NksM+dj nwljk vU; iqLrdsa eaxokrk&bl izdkj ejkBk] caxyk] fganh]

iatkch] laLd`r iqLrdsa fdlh ,d ij cks> u curs gq, lHkh dks i<+us ds fy, feyus yxhA izfr ekl izk;% ,dk/k iklZy vkus ls ubZ

iqLrdsa ckj&ckj feyrh] ftlls ns’k dh foiqy tkudkjh feyus yxhA ekfld iqLrd ds laca/k esa p[kp[k djuh iM+rhA ihNs crk;k x;k

gS fd dkSu lh iqLrd dkjkx`g esa vk,] bl laca/k esa ckjh dh dlkSVh ew[kZrkiw.kZ FkhA ijarq chp esa tks ,d foosdh Ik;Zos{kd vk;k] mlus

iqLrd ijh{k.k ds dke esa cgqr mnkj n`f”Vdks.k j[kkA ekfld iqLrdksa ds laca/k esa ckjh mls Hkh pkSadkrk] D;kasfd og dfe’uj dks Hkh

lwfpr djrk fd Ik;Zos{kd jktnzksgh ys[kksa ls Hkjh ekfld if=dk,a jktcafn;ksa dks nsrk gSA vr% ekWMuZ fjO;w] bafM;u fjO;w vkfn iqLrdsa ge

tc vkil esa eaxokrs rc dfe’uj rd >xM+uk iM+rkA eSa dgrk fd okLro esa fganqLFkku ljdkj tks ekfld if=dk,a vFkok iqLrdsa tCr

ugha djrh og jktcafn;ksa ds leku f’kf{kr vkSj Lora= foosdh oxZ dks nsus esa dksbZ vkifŸk u mBkbZ tk,] D;ksafd fganqLFkku ljdkj ds

lkfgR; izca/kd foHkkx ¼lsalj vkWfQl½ dh gtkj vka[kksa ls Hkh tks iqLrd NwV xbZ og jktnzksgh vFkok viBuh; ugha gks ldrhA ckjh

tSls vufHkK euq”; }kjk mls Hkh vkifŸktud le>us dk vFkZ gS& mu foK lkfgR; izac/kd ds lgÛ p{kqvksa dks Hkh n`f”Vghu lkfcr

djukA geus ;g lc dfe’uj ds lkeus Li”V fd;kA rc dgha ;s if=dk,a feyus yxhA rFkkfi ml Ik;Zos{kd ds cnyrs gh ckjh

iqu%&iqu% gLr{ksi djrkA dHkh if=dk ds iUus QkM+ ysrk vkSj dHkh&dHkh muesa ls vk{ksi;ksX; iUuksa dks dkyh L;kgh ls efV;kesV djds

nsrkA tks fey x;k mldks Lohdkj djds cgl tkjh j[kus dk miØe geus dj gh j[kk FkkA ,d&nks ckj rks o”kZ Hkj ckn gekjs iklZy

vkus ij Hkh ckjh us gels dg fn;k] ugha vk,A [kkst ysus ij fl} gqvk fd mudks vk, eghuk gks x;kA rc ckjh Ik;Zos{kd ds lkeus

ukd jxM+rs&jxM+rs Fkd x;kA ,d&nks ckj rks ekfld if=dk izkIr djus rFkk iklZy izkIr djus ds fy, dke NksM+uk iM+k] rc dgha

tkdj U;k; feykA ckjh dh bPNk ds fo:} geus xazFkky; ‘kq: djok;k] blh dk Øks/k og ge ij bl izdkj mrkj jgk FkkA

bruh vkifŸk;ksa] ck/kkvksa ds ckotqn og xazFkky; /khjs&/khjs ,d Js”B iqLrdky; cu x;kA mlesa fofo/k Hkk”kkvksa rFkk mRd`”V Js.kh dh

yxHkx Ms<+&nks gtkj iqLrdsa ,df=r gks xbZA ftu rhuksa us ckjh dks larq”V djus ds fy, izFker% xazFkky; esa iqLrdsa j[kuk udkjk Fkk]

‘kh/kz gh mUgksaus Hkh viuh iqLrdsa ns nh vkSj vU; yksaxksa dh rjg i<+us dk vf/kdkj izkIr fd;kA vkxs pydj Ik;Zos{kd Hkh bl laLFkk ij

xoZ ls flj Åapk

233

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


djus yxsA mUgksaus xazFkky; ds fy, vkyekfj;ka nhA ,d Lora= LFkku fn;k vkSj QVh gqbZ iqLrdksa dh flykbZ rFkk mudh ;Fkksfpr ns[kHkky

djus ds fy, nks&rhu jktcafn;ksa dks fu;qDr fd;kA os iqLrdksa dh ftYnlkth dk dke bruk cf<+;k djus yxs fd ljdkjh dk;kZy; ls

Hkh cM+s&cM+s xazFk ogha ftYn cka/kus ds fy, vkus yxsA blds vfrfjDr jktcafn;ksa esa ,d&nks fp=dkj FksA mUgas ;wjksih; vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ls

vusd ds izdkf’kr ys[k cM+s djus dk dke djus dh vuqKk Hkh feyh vkSj os Hkh ogha vkus yxsA jktcafn;ksa esa ls nks&pkj tuksa dks ,d

ckSf}d dk;Z djus rFkk ‘kkjhfjd Je ls eqDr gksus dh vPNk lqfo/kk fey xbZA ;g lkis{kkr% foJke rFkk okaNuh; LFkku muesa ls fdlh

dks Hkh ugha feykA ftUgksaus xazFkky; dk dM+k fojks/k fd;k] mUgha dks ml LFkku dk ykHk izFker% nsdj muls _.keqDr gks x;kA

ml xzaFkky; esa caxyk Hkk”kk ds jktk jkeeksgu jk;] fo|klkxj vkfn egkiq:”kksa ds pfj=] uohu lsu jk;] johanzukFk vkfn ds izk;% lHkh

xazFk] tksxs’k panz vkfn dh xazFkkofy;ka] ^laiw.kZ egkHkkjr*] ^laiw.kZ jkek;.k*] ^;ksxokfl”B* vkfn mŸkeksŸke lSdM+ksa xazFk FksA if=dk,a rFkk

foosdkuan] jked`”.k ds pfj= vkSj xzaFkksa dh rks bruh izfr;ka Fkh fd iwfN, erA ogka ij geus caxyk Hkk”kk dk th Hkjds v/;;u fd;kA

yanu esa lu~ 1857 ds Økafr;q} dk bfrgkl fy[krs le; gesa caxyk iqLrdksa dk izFke n’kZu gqvk FkkA jtuhdkar ckcw dk ^flikgh

;q}srj bfrgkl* xazFk bl mn~ns’; ls fd mlesa dqN u;k rF; izkIr gksxk] geus vius caxkyh fe= ls i<+ok;k FkkA ge caxyk cksyuk rFkk

i<+uk rks lh[k x,] rFkkfi caxyk v{kj ge fy[k ugha ldrs FksA bl ckr ij gesa vk’p;Z Hkh gksrk FkkA fQj mls Hkh vkRelkr~ fd;kA

vaxqfy;ksa dks v{kjksa dk ifjp; dqN vf/kd ugha gSA jked`”.k ds yhyke`r&dFkke`r vkfn vusd [kaMksa esa iw.kZ fd;k gqvk pfj=] ^johanzukFk

dh thou&Le`fr*] ^fp=k* vkfn i<+&i<+dj Fkd tkus ds Ik’pkr~ izkphu caxyk ds ^ik;jh* o`Ÿk dks gh vkxs pydj e/kqlwnu nŸk us

vfe=k{kj Nan esa :ikarfjr fd;kA e/kqlwnu ds ^es?kukn o/k^] ^dq:{ks=* vkfn xazFk i<+us ds ckn ftl rjg mUgksaus vaxszth ds fueZ;ed

¼Blank Verse½ dh rjg caxyk vfe=k{kj o`Ÿk dh jpuk dh] mlh rjg gesa bPNk gksus yxh fd ,slh ejkBh o`Ÿk jpsa tks mldh vf/kd

‘kkL=’kq} o`Ÿk&izo`fŸk ls feyrh&tqyrh gksA ogh iz;kl ^xkseard* ds oSuk;d o`Ÿk*¹53 esa ifj.kr gks x;k gSA

53

oSuk;d o`Ÿk* dh laiw.kZ tkudkjh ds fy, lkojdj lexz] [kaM&7 nsf[k,A

234

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


jktcafn;ksa esa dsoy ge nks&rhu egkjk”Vªh;uksa dks gh ejkBh iqLrdsa eaxokus dh vko’;drk izrhr gksrh FkhA ijarq izkphu iqLrdas izk;%

ifjfpr gksus ds dkj.k ek= ^fp=e; txr~* vkfn dqN ubZ if=dk,a rFkk ubZ izdkf’kr iqLrdsa dh ge vius fy, eaxokrsA ijarq lk/kkj.k

cafn;ksa esa] muds fy, tks ejkBh cafnoku Fks vkSj gekjs d”VHkkxh Jh okeujko tks’kh vkSj mu jktcafn;kas ds fy,] tks ejkBh i<+ jgs Fks]

geus bfrgkl] Kkus’ojh ls ysdj eksjks iar rd izeq[k dfo;ksa ds dkO; laxzg] Øfed iqLrdsa] ‘kkL=h; iqLrdsa] laiw.kZ egkHkkjr dk

vuqokn] cM+kSnk esa izdkf’kr &}Srk}Sr Hkk”;* lfgr laiw.kZ ^czãlw=* dk vuqokn vkfn Ms<+&nks lkS xzaFk /khjs&/khjs eaxokdj lax`ghr fd, FksA

izFker% fganh iqLrdsa eaxokus dk O;; Hkh gesa gh mBkuk iM+k] D;kasfd gekjs bl iz;kl ds pyrs fd fganh jk”Vªh; Hkk”kk gS] vr% d qN

if=dk,a] dqN xzaFk] dqN Øfed iqLrdsa eaxokdj geus gh xazFkky; esa j[khA ijarq vkxs pydj <sj lkjh fganh rFkk iatkch Hkk”kh jktcanh

vk x, vkSj mu nks jkT;ksa dh dkQh iqLrdsa Hkh vkus yxhA

vaxszth iqLrdksa dh Hkjekj rks tSls jh<+ dh gM~Mh gh FkhA Lisalj dh nksuksa ehekalk,a] lekt’kkL= ds mlds lHkh [kaM] yxHkx lai w.kZ gcZVZ

Lisalj] fey] fxcu ds bfrgkl] ‘ksDlih;j] feYVu] iksi ds lexz xazFk] vckV ds usiksfy;u] MkfoZu] gDLys] ghxsy] belZu dh izk;% lkjh

iqLrdsa ogka FkhA dkykZby] eSdkys] fcLekdZ] xSjhckYMh] eSftuh vkfn ds pfj=] bVyh] baXySaM] vesfjdk] fgnaqLFkku ds bfrgkl ij iz[;kr

xazFk] fMdsal] VkWYLVkW;] ØksikV~dhu ds izk;% lHkh xazFk] foosdkuan rFkk jkerhFkZ ds lHkh xazFkksa dh rhu&rhu izfr;ka] VªhLd ,oa uhR’ks ds

jktuhfrd fuca/k] IysVks dk ^fjifCyd*] ^LVsV*] ^dkWUVSªDV* vkfn iz’kkluh;’kkL=h; izkphu vkSj vR;k/kqfudksa es a ls uohu xzaFk] bl rjg

fdrus gh mŸkeksŸke xazFk ogka jktcafn;ksa us laxzghr fd, FksA fFk;kslkWQh ds xzaFkksa dh Hkh deh ugha FkhA izFke mifjfufnZ”V xazFkksa esa jktuhfr

ls lacaf/kr izR;sd xazFk dks ysdj gesa >xM+s djus iM+s] rc dgha tkdj mudh izkfIr gks ldh FkhA ,d fodklfiz; Ik;Zos{kd dks NksM+dj

gekjk ;g xzaFkky; lHkh vf/kdkfj;ksa dh vka[k dh fdjfdjh cu pqdk Fkk] lHkh dh vka[kksa dks [kVd jgk FkkA fganqLFkku ls fdlh cM+s

vf/kdkjh ds vkrs gh ckjh jktuhfrd iqLrdksa dks fNikus dk izca/k djrk] vU;Fkk og tyh&dVh lqukrkA ijarq vkxs pydj og lcdqN

gte gks x;kA bruk gh ugha vfirq ;wjksih; vf/kdkjh Hkh xazFkky; esa viuh iqLrdsa j[kus yxs vkSj muesa ls Lo;a Hkh i<+us yxsA ,sls gh

,d vf/kdkjh us ,uh cslsaV ds vkRedFkk ls ysdj d`”.kewfrZ ds ^esjs xq:nso* rd fFk;kslkWQh dh dbZ iqLrdsa nh FkhA bl lkjs xzaFkksa dk

geus ;RuiwoZd v/;;u fd;kA ,d Hkh xazFk gels vNwrk

235

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ugha jgkA dbZ xazFkksa dk ikjk;.k fd;k vkSj jktcafn;ksa esa ls vusd }kjk bfrgkl vFkZ’kkL=] ‘kklu’kkL= fo”k;d iqLrdksa dk v/;;u

djok;kA muls fuca/k fy[kokrs] rkfd muds fopkj fodflr gksaA tSlkfd ihNs o.kZu fd;k x;k gS] jfookj dh lHkk esa muds O;k[;ku

djokrsA ^LVsV* tSls dfBu xazFk nl&ikap tuksa dks laxfBr djds i<+krs] tSls egkfo|ky;ksa oxksZ esa i<+k;k tkrk gSA

lLad`r xazFkksa esa geus tks iqLrdsa] dkO; eaxok, Fks] cl mrus gh ogka FksA ‘ks”k ,dk/k iqLrd fdlh dh gks ;k u Hkh gksA ijarq vuwfnr

iqLrdksa esa Hkh vusd laLd`r xazFk ewy lfgr Nkis tkrsA lHkh ^mifu”kn~*] ^_Xosn]* ^jkek;.k*] ^egkHkkjr*] ^czãlw=*] ^lka[; lw=*]

^bZ’ojpanz dh dkfjdk,a*] ^;ksxlw=* vkfn laLd`r xazFkksa dk ifj’khyu ogka ij fd;k tk ldrk FkkA

caxyk vFkok ejkBh] laLd`r] vaxszth] fganh] iatkch&fdlh Hkh Hkk”kk dh ubZ iqLrd izdkf’kr gksus dk lekpkj feyrs gh ;fn og egŸoiw.kZ

gks rks rqjar eaxokbZ tkrhA bl rjg ;|fi Lons’kh; ukfM+;ksa ds Loj vfojy :i ls gekjs àn; esa xwat jgs FksA fo’o ds izR;sd uo

fopkj dh ygj ge txn~cfg”d`r fuokZflrksa dh eTtk&ihB ds rV dks Li’kZ fd, fcuk ugha jgrhA

jktcafn;ksa ds mPp fopkjksa dks xfr nsus ds fy, tc rd bl xazFkky; dk bruk fo’kky :i lkeus ugha vk;k Fkk rc rd ge ukukof/k

;qfDr;ka djrs FksA mnkgj.k ds fy, ,d ckj lHkh ls ;gh iz’u fd;k fd is’kokbZ ds vLr ds mijkar fganqLFkku esa tks ukeoj jk”Vªh;

egkiq:”k gq,] muds uke izR;sd O;fDr crk,A muesa ls var esa ,sls ckjg pqus tk,axs] ftUgsa lokZf/kd er izkIr gksaxsA lIrkg Hkj rd

;gh ppkZ Fkh] var esa ukekofy;ka vk xbZ] ijarq muesa lu~ 1857 ds Økafrohjksa esa ls fdlh ,d dk uke Hkh fdlh dks ugha lw>kA jk”Vªh;

iq:”kksa esa lu~ 1857 dh Økafr esa ls ,d us dsoy ,d gh uke lq>k;k& og Fkk y{ehckbZ dkA ‘ks”k yksxksa ds fnekx esa ;g uke Hkh ugha

vk;kA vr% ml bfrgkl ij geus dbZ ckj cSBdksa esa O;k[;ku] laokn rFkk O;fDrxr ppkZ dhA caxyk esa izdkf’kr jtuhdkar dh ^flikgh

;q}* ‘kh”kZd vuqfpr dSls gSA fdlh Hkh rjg og Økafr;q} flikfg;ksa dk rks Fkk gh ughaA vkxs pydj gj dksbZ rkR;k rksis] ukuk lkgc]

is’kok] dqaoj flag] y{ehckbZ vkfn ukeksa dks tkuus yxkA FkkWel ,dasfil fyf[kr ^bfeVs’kal* gekjh fiz; iqLrd FkhA ^dqjku* dk vaxszth

vuqokn igys i<+k] blds Ik’pkr~ caxyk esa ljljh n`f”V ls ns[kkA fganqLFkku ds rV ij igaqpus ij mlds ejkBh vuqokn ds iUus iyVsA

blds vfrfjDr vius eqlyeku fe= ds

236

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vfHkizk; ds vuq:i fd mls ewy esa i<+us ls mldk lgh Lokn feysxk] vr% mUgha ls muds leku gh ifo= eu ls ,dkxzfpr cSBdj

izR;sd iUuk i<+okdj rFkk mldk fganh vuqokn djokdj lqu fy;kA eksgEen vyh ¼baXySaM½ }kjk dqjku dks uwru if’peh mius=ksa ls

ns[kdj fd;k gqvk vR;kf/kd vuqokn Hkh i<+ fy;kA ihNs fy[kk gh gS fd laiw.kZ ckbfcy nks ckj i<+k FkkA mifu”knksa dk izeq[k n’kk sifu”knksa

esa ls ,d&,d dks ysrs gq, ,d&,d eghuk muij jkr&jkr Hkj fparu&euu djrs o”kZ Hkj v/;;u fd;kA ^;ksxofl”B* Hkh ,d ckj

lgt gh i<+us dks mBk;k vkSj mlesa bruk jl mRiUu gqvk vkSj ,slk yxk fd osnkar ij gekjs voyksdu esa vk, gq, xazFkksa esa bruk

lqanj xazFk fojyk gh gSA brus fujiokn fl}kar vkSj bruh lqanj dfork fd ftlds eq[k ls e/kqj Lojkas esa mu fl}krksa dk Jo.k fd;k

tkrk gS vkSj mlls eu rYyhu gksdj vkRek Hkh mudk Jo.k djus dk lkSHkkX; izkIr djrh gSA laLd`r dfo gh n’kZu vkSj dkO; dk

bruk euksgj xBca/ku dj ldrs gSaA nsf[k, ^Hkxon~xhrk* dk fo’o:i n’kZu vkSj dkO; v/;k; vFkok dkfynkl ds dkO;karxZr fo”.kq

o.kZu dk ‘yksd vFkok ^dqekjlaHko* ds varxZr ;s ljl opu& ^Lo;afo/kkrk ril% Qykuke~ dsukfi dk;su ri’ppkj] * tks xxu ln`’k

vukdyuh; O;kid vFkZ dks fdlh lqanj ljksoj ln`’k ‘yksd esa izfrfcafcr djrs gSaA

okLro esa dfork vkSj n’kZu esa fojks/k gksuk vlaHko gh gSA dfork lqanjrk ij eksfgr gksrh gS] lqanjrk ogh tks fujiokn ifjiw.kZ gS vkSj

vkuan] mYykl iznku djrh gSA lR; ogh tks bafnz;] eu&cqf} ds fojks/k ds fy, jŸkh Hkj Hkh vodk’k u nsrs gq, ‘kadkdqy vkRek dks

fuLlansg rFkk laiw.kZ larks”k esa Mkyus ds fy, ck/; djrk gSA ogh lek/kku&lekf/k dk lkSan;Z vkSj blhfy, dfork ogha ij ^daBs

Lo;axzkgfuf”kZdRckgq% gksdj vius dk;Z dh ije rqf”V izkIr djrh gSA

osnkar fo”k;d ;s xazFk i<+rs le; ,d vuqHkwfr gesa ckj&ckj vo’; gksrh Fkh fd ‘kjhj dh ul&ul lejl] rYyhu fdar q <hyh iqu% deZ

ds ipM+s esa iM+us ls lkQ euk dj nsrhA deksZRlkg iwjh rjg ls lekIrizk; gksrkA ^uS”dE;Z flf}a ijek* ;s ‘kCn lrr xquxquk, tkrsA

Lons’k lsok] ijksidkj] Hkwr n;k vkfn vR;qnkj Hkk”kk Hkh {kf.kd vkSj yM+d[ksy izrhr gksrhA ;gh voLFkk HkwxHkZ’kkL= vFkok

T;ksfr”k’kkL=h; iqLrdsa i<+rs le;] ijarq fHkUu dkj.ko’k gksrhA bu ‘kkL=karxZr dky rFkk izd`fr dh d”Vizn HkO;rk ns[kdj i`Foh vkSj

O;fDr dk thou rqPN lk gksdj fujk’kkiw.kZ deZO;FkZrk gksrk vkSj nq%[k Hkh gksrk] ijarq osnkar ds lqanj fl}krksa ds vkuan esa deZ dh

O;FkZrk nq%[knk;h izrhr ugha gksrhA xqfM+;k ,d f[kykSuk gS] ;g tkuus ij gksusokyh grk’kkoLFkk ml f [kykSus ds vkuan ls vuar x quk

vknannkf;uh og izR;{k l[kh feyus ls u”V

237

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gksdj dekZsa dk Hkwlk Hkjh xqfM+;k dk R;kx lq[kdkjd gksrkA HkkSfrd ‘kkL=ksa ls deZfo;ksx gksdj d”V gksrkA osnkar ls deZR;kx dh bPNk

lq[kdkjd izrhr gksrhA dbZ ckj ;ksxokfl”Bkfn xazFkksa dk iBu djrs&djrs gkFkksa esa /kjk jLlk gkFkksa esa gh jg tkrk vkSj eu bruk

deZijkM~eq[k gksrk fd ?kaVksa rd ;g lq/k&cq/k gh ugha jgrh fd bl nsg esa bafnz;ka gSa ;k ughaaA dne vkxs ugha c<+rs] izrhr gk srk fd

lcdqN NksM+ nsaA izpkj dk;Z Hkh ek= yM+d[ksy yxrkA var esa izd`fr izo`fŸk dks gBkr~] cyiwoZd LQqj.k nsdj dk;Z esa tqVkrhA

blds foijhr] bfrgkl vkSj HkkSfrd’kkL= i<+rs jgus ls LokHkkfod dk;Z&ykylk dHkh&dHkh bruh iznhIr gksrh] egk;q} ds fganqLFkku ds

rkRdkfyd Økafrdkjh vk?kkr&izR;k?kkrksa ds] :l ds tkj tSlksa ds flagklu pdukpwj gksus ds lekpkj dkuksa esa vkrs gh deZ’kfDr ;ksa BkBsa

ekjus yxrh fd ,d eqDds ls bl dkjkxkj dh nhokjsa feV~Vh esa feykdj iwokZsDr fganqLFkku dk ygjkrk gqvk og /ot mHkkjdj

ejus&ekjus ds {ks= esa rqjar dwn iM+saA

deZ vkSj fuf”Ø;rk dh ijLij fojks/kh fHkMa+r fjDr ekul ds [kqys eSnku ij bl rjg lrr pyrh jgrh fd mls ns[kdj dHkh&dHkh

vius vki ij gh galh vkrh] rFkkfi ;g Lfky muds leUo; dk fopkj djus ds fy, mfpr ugha gSA vr% ml ^rFkkfi* dks ;gka oSls gh

jksdrs gq, vxys o`Ÿkkar dk Jhx.ks’k djuk gh mfpr gSA

dkjkx`g ds ckgj py xazFkky;

canh’kkyk ds xazFkky; dk igys jktcanhokuksa }kjk gh mi;ksx gksrk] ijarq lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa esa Hkh dbZ f’kf{kr canh gksrsA bld s vfrfjDr

jktcafn;ksa ds laidZ ls mu yksxksa esa Hkh] ftUgksaus bu jktcafn;ksa ds ikl gh izkFkfedrk f’k{kk laikfnr dh Fkh& dbZ bl rjg ds cqf}eku

fudys fd muesa bfrgklkfn mPp dksVh dh iqLrdsa i<+us dh ;ksX;rk ,oa mRdaBk mRiUu gks xbZ FkhA muds fy, fganh] ejkBh vkfn ns’kh

Hkk”kkvksa esa ,d vPNk&[kklk xazFkky; [kksyuk vko’;d FkkA ijarq dgka] dSls vkSj fdl ekxZ ls\ vaneku ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dh i<+us ij

izfrca/k yx x;kA ,d ckj rackdw [kkuk] pqxfy;k [kkuk vkSj vU; cqjh yrksa dk Hkksx djuk lqyHk Fkk] ijarq nl tuksa }kjk laxfBr :i

esa pykbZ xbZ KkuktZu dh laLFkk [kqysvke Lfkkfir djuk vlaHko gks x;k FkkA vr% ihNs ftl laLFkk dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS] ml

vizdV laLFkk dh fuf/k ls cM+s&cM+s ns’kksa ds bfrgkl] vFkZ’kkL=] mŸke ,sfrgkfld miU;kl canh’kkyk ds ckgj ds fganh vcanhoku

vf/kdkfj;ksa ds irs ij eaxokus dk miØe tkjh j[kkA ;s iqLrdsa ,df=r u j[krs gq,

238

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dqN blds ikl rks dqN mlds ikl] bl rjg fo[ksjdj j[kha] ijarq pkykd ckjh cafn;ksa ls mUgsa ys ysrkA mu cafn;ksa }kjk] tks ckgj

vkrs&tkrs gSa] ^Lora=* tuksa esa tSls&tSls izpkj c<+rk x;k oSls&oSls muds uke ij fganh&ejkBh ds izk;% lHkh izeq[k lekpkj&i= Hkh

eaxok, tkus yxsA ,sls canh dks] ftls Lons’k esa jgrs lekpkj&i= D;k cyk gksrh gS] bldk jŸkh Hkj Hkh Kku ugha Fkk&izFker% fu;e

cukdj lekpkj&i= i<+us ds fy, ck/; fd;k tkrkA varrksxRok muesa bruh :fp mRiUu gks xbZ fd lekpkj&i= vkrs gh mldk vius

gkFk esa vkuk gh nwHkj gks x;kA vr% dksbZ ,d pksjh&fNis i<+ ysrk vkSj nl yksx mls lqursA i= igys eSa i<+wa og ugha] bl rjg

gksusokys >xM+s ns[kdj gesa [kq’kh gksrhA ^Hkkjr fe=*] îzrki*] ^dsljh* vkSj dHkh&dHkh ^lans’k*A ^fp=e; txr*] ^ljLorh*] ^vk;Z xtV*]

^caxkyh*] îzHkkr*] bl rjg fdrus lkjs lekpkj&i= canhoku i<+us yxsA blds fy, db;ksa dks naM feyk] fdrus okWMZj ^VwV* x,] fdrus

canh&ys[kdksa dks fudky fn;k x;k] ijarq lekpkj&i=ksa dk canh’kkyk dh rkykcan dksBfj;k sa esa i<+us ds fy, feyrs vkSj fQj vn`’; gks

tkrs FksA blds vfrfjDr ckgj tks cM+s&cM+s Hkkjrh; vf/kdkjh Fks] muds fy, tks geus ,d jktuhfrd xazFkksa dh lwph rS;kj djds j[kh

Fkh] mlds vuqlkj os vaxszth vFkok ns’kh iqLrdsa ykdj i<+rsA lkS&ipkl :i;k osru izkIr djus okys gj vf/kdkjh ds il ?kj dk ,d

lqanj xazFkky; gksuk pkfg,& ;g gekjk vkxzg Fkk vkSj cgqrksa us mls iwjk fd;kA bVyh dk bfrgkl ij nŸk] jk; MsfoM dk cq}dkyhu

fganqLFkku] v’kksdkfn pfj=&bl rjg ds iPphl&,d xzaFk mu vf/kdkfj;ksa ls gj rjg ds iz;Ru djds i<+ok, tkrsA bl canh’kkyk ds

ckgjh xazFkky; dk ,d fojks/kh mi;ksx bl rjg gksus yxk fd canh’kkyk fLFkr gekjs xazFkky; esa ftu iqLrdksa dks viBuh; vFkok Hk; adj

le>dj Hkhrj ugha vkus fn;k tkrk] mUgsa ge ckgjh xazFkky; ls eaxokrsA :lh iqLrdsa vkSj fo’ks”kr% os lekpkj&i=] ftudk canh’kkyk

esa vkuk vR;ar nqyZHk Fkk& ckgj ds bl pyrs&fQjrs xazFkky; esa gh eaxok, tkrs vkSj mlds Ik’pkr~ gLrs&ij&gLrs mUgsa vizdV :is.k

canh’kkyk esa ykdj mu jktcafn;ksa dks i<+us ds fy, fn;k tkrk] tks vaxszth ugha tkurs Fks ;k vko’;d gh gk s tk, rks tkurs FksA

cafn;ksa dks i<+kus dk vU; ykHk ;g gqvk fd;k mUgsa lk/kkj.k i<+uk&fy[kuk] vadxf.kr vkrs gh vkSj nks&rhu vaxszth iqLrdsa lekIr gksrs

gh os êaq’kh* gks ldrs

239

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


FksA ml n`f”V ls ,sls ns’kfgrS”kh fganw canhoku tks gekjh f’k{kk esa fuiq.k gks x, Fks&canh’kkyk esa] dk;kZy; esa vkSj ckgj d s ftys esa ^ys[kd*

ds vkSj vU; canh&vf/kdkfj;ksa ds LFkku ij fu;qDr fd, x,A ml ;ksx ls mudk nSfgd d”V rks nwj gqvk gh] mudh vaVh esa pkj iSls

Hkh vk x,A ijarq izpkj dh n`f”V ls ,d egŸoiw.kZ ykHk ;g gqvk fd tSls&tSls vf/kdkjh in bu yksxksa ds gkFk esa] ftuesa lkoZtfud

vkLFkk dh dqN xa/k Fkh] vkrs x, oSls&oSls cafn;ksa rFkk Lora= mifuos’kokyksa esa Lons’kh ozr vkSj Lons’kh i{k dk izpkj ifjof/kZr gksus ds

fy, mi;ksx gksus yxk vkSj mlls ljdkjh dkedkt esa dqN vuqfpr O;o/kku vk;k gh ughaA blds foijhr] cafn;kas esa ns’kfHkekukfn mnkŸk

Hkkoukvksa dk mn; gqvk vkSj muesa ekufld rFkk uSfrd lq/kkj gks tkus ls >xM+s de gksus yxs] tks fd izk;% O;luklfDr] u`’kalrk]

nq”Vrk] ywVikV vkfn nqxZq.kkas ds dkj.k gksrs FksA mifuos’k clkus dk tks eq[; /;s; ^cafn;ksa esa lq/kkj* ykuk Fkk] og Hkh Fkk sM+k&cgqr iwjk

gksus yxkA bl iz;kl dks oLrqr% ljdkj dks gh izksRlkfgr djuk pkfg, Fkk vkSj okLro esa rks bl dk;Z ls lHkh dks larq”V gksuk pkfg,

Fkk] ijarq m/kj ,sls gh vf/kdkfj;ksa dh Hkjekj Fkh ftUgsa ^cafn;ksa dk lq/kkj* tSls /;s; dk Kku gh ugha Fkk vkSj ftudh ;gh /kkj.kk Fkh

fd dBksj&dM+k dke djokuk gh canh foHkkx dk ije drZO; gSA vr% ;g lc dk;Z yxHkx naMuh; gh le>s tkus dk Hk; Fkk] blhfy,

og vizdV :i ls djuk iM+rk FkkA

240

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&2

vaneku esa ‘kqf}

geus lu~ 1911 esa vaneku esa ikao j[kk FkkA mlds Ik’pkr~ dqN gh eghuksa esa gesa Kkr gks x;k fd dqN fganw canh vaneku esa vku s ds

Ik’pkr~ eqlyeku cu x, gSa vkSj mUgksaus vius uke Hkh cny Mkys gSaA ge mudh [kkst djus yxs fd ;g dSls gqvk\ ogka ds fganqvksa esa

fdlh dks Hkh blds laca/k esa dqN [kkl irk ugha pykA eSaus ns[kk] mudh jk; esa ;g ,d bruh ifjfpr ?kVuk gS fd mldh iwNrkN D;k

djukA oLrqr% vaneku esa vaxszt vf/kdkfj;ksa dh ,dPN= leFkZ lŸkk gksus ls ogka muds gkFk esa fujk/kkj rFkk vukFk cus fganw cafn;ksa dks

bZlkbZ cuk, tkus dh vf/kd laHkkouk FkA lu~ 1857 rd dk;kZy;ksa esa gh ugha vfirq lsuk esa Hkh bZlkbZ /keZ dk izlkj djus ds fy,

vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk vf/kd lqfo/kk,a nh tkrh FkhA ijarq lu~ 1857 ds Økafr;q} dh izpaM Bksdj [kkus ds ckn dqYk feykdj ljdkjh

vf/kdkjh /keZ izlkj ds >esys esa vf/kd ugha iM+rs FksA ;|fi vHkh Hkh dqN ,slh tkfr;ksa ds ] ftuij vijk/kh jgrk gS rFkkfi vius

LokuqHko ls eSa ;g nlos ds lkFk dg ldrk gwa fd dkjk&laLFkkvksa dk mi;ksx fganqvksa dks Hkz”V djus ds fy, dHkh ugha fd;k tkrkA

dgha&dgha bZlkbZ izpkjd izkFkZuk ds fy, vkrk gS] ijarq mldh izkFkZuk ij tkus ds fy, fdlh ij Hkh dgus yk;d l[rh dHkh ugha cjrh

tkrhA fNViqV vidkj ds O;fDrxr out dk nq:i;kssx djrs gq, Hkh ugha gqvkA bl fNViqV vidkj dk ,d mnkgj.k gesa Lo;a

lqy>kuk iM+kA mldk fooj.k vkxs vk,xkA ijarq vaneku ds fganw cafn;ksa dks MkaV&MiV ls] ?kwl[kksjh ls vFkok lrr mins’k dk >a>V

yxkdj bZlkbZ cukus ds mnkgj.k pkSng cjlksa ds gekjs vuqHkoksa esa pkj Hkh ugha gSA

241

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vaneku esa fganw canhoku ftl bZlkbZ ‘kklu ds gRFks iM+s Fks] ml iz’kklu }kjk mu ij viuk /keZ Fkksius dk fdlh Hkh izdkj dk

vU;k;;qDr iz;Ru ugha gqvk( ysfdu ;g fdrus vk’p;Z dh ckr gS fd bu fganw cafn;ksa dh rjg mlh canh }hi esa vo’k vkSj grk’k iM+s

eqlyeku canh vius lg&cafn;ksa dks Hkz”V djds mUgsa eqlyeku cukus ds fy, mu ij cykRdkj djrs] mu ij vR;kpkj djrs] mUgsa

cgdkus dk iz;kl djrs vkSj og bZlkbZ iz’kklu] tks Lo/keZ izlkjkFkZ Lo;a fdlh izdkj dh ihM+k ugha nsrk Fkk] ij/kehZ; eqlyekuksa }kjk

fganqvksa ij gks jgs vR;kpkjksa dh mis{kk djrkA o;Ld cafn;ksa dh ckr NksM+ nsa rks ftu NksVs] de mez ckydksa dks dkysikuh ij vFkok

dkjkxkj esa Hkstk tkrk gS] muds ‘kjhj dh] LokLF; dh] muds uknku gksus ds dkj.k ljdkj tSlh fpark djrh gS] mlh rjg mudh

vkRek ,oa /keZ dh fpark djuk vkSj de&ls&de rc rd] tc rd os le>nkj mez ds ugha gks tkrs] muds /keZ dk ikyu&iks”k.k djuk]

vKku dh laifr dh j{kk djuk ,d egŸoiw.kZ lkoZtfud drZO; gSA ijarq dkjk&laLFkk esa og loZFkk nqyZf{kr gksrk gS] vaneku dh ckr

NksfM+,] fganqLFkku ds Hkh izk;% lHkh dkjkxkjksa esa fganw cafn;ksa vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk eqlyekuksa cuk, tkus dk dk;Z gksrk jgrk gSA pkSng o”kksZa

ds vuqHkoksa vkSj bl elys ij fu;a=.k djus dk vVwV iz;kl djrs le; fcYdqy ckjhdh ls iwjh tkudkjh izkIr dj ysus d s Ik’pkr~ ge

;g Li”V fo/kku djrs gSa fd dkjk&laLFkk dh ;g efLtn fganqvksa dks izfro”kZ ftruk /keZHkz”V djrh gS] mruk fnYyh vFkok cacbZ dh tkek

efLtn Hkh ugha djrhA

laxfBr iz;klksa ls fganqvksa dks /kks[ks esa ykusokys glu futkeh ds Kkr tky ls dkjk&laLFkk dh bl vn`’; efLtn dk og vKkr tky

de Hk;adj ugha gS] tks gtkjksa fganqvksa dks lgt gh vkt rd /keZHkz”V djrk vk;k gSA

cacbZ vkfn uxjkas ds eqlyekuh pksj&vM~Mksa esa ;g fof/k viukbZ tkrh gS&dkjk&laLFkk fLFkr bl eqlyekuh Hkz”Vhdj.k dh dksbZ laxfBr

;kstuk ugha gSA mlds dksbZ vf/kd`r pkyd vFkok izsjd Hkh ugha gSaA izR;sd eqlyeku dks cpiu ls gh ;g ea= ?kqV~Vh esa fiyk;k tkrk gS

fd rqe vk/kk&iwjk tSlk Hkh gks] dkfQj dks eqlyeku cukrs jgksA blls bl yksd esa rqEgkjk lEeku c<+ tk,xk] ijyksd esa ikiksa dh {kek

gksxh vkSj rqEgsa LoxhZ; vIljkfn Hkksx izkIr gksaxsA bl izdkj dh f’k{kk ls dkjk&laLFkk ds bl eqlyekuh Hkz”Vhdj.k dks ewy izsj.kk feyrh

gSA mls izFke O;Dr Lo:I cacbZ] dydŸkk] fnYyh] ykgkSj] enzkl vkfn egkuxjksa esa muds mu vM~Mksa esa izkIr gksrk gS]

242

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


tgka eqlyekuh pksj&Mkdqvksa dh Vksfy;ksa dk fopj.k gksrk gSA mu eqlyekuh cafn;ksa esa jgdj tks pksjh] Mkdstuh vkfn iki djrs gSa vkSj

naM Hkqxrrs gSa&mudh eukso`fŸk dk ftUgsa Kku gS] os bl ckr dks rqjar Lohdkj djsaxs fd fganqvksa ds ?kj dh gqbZ pksjh vFkok fganw xkaoksa

vFkok O;kikfj;ksa ij Mkyk gqvk Mkdk&eqlyekuh vM~Mksa esa {kE; ekuk tkrk gSA bruk gh ugha] og iz’kaluh; Hkh le>k tkrk gSA geus

,sls ekSyoh ns[ks gSa] tks bl rjg ds vijkf/k;ksa dk fujijk/k le>rs gSaA bl izdkj dh euksofŸk ds bl O;olk; dks viuk, gq, os

vkrrk;h yksx vius /keZ dh e|iku fu”ks/k] izkFkZuk] nku vkfn izk;% lHkh vkKkvksa dks iSjksa rys dqpyrs gSaA ;g ugha fd tks fganqvksa ds

?kj pksjh djrs gSa os eqlyeku ds ;gka ugha djrsA vkilh oSeuL; ds dkj.k mudh gtkjksa gR;k,a gksrh gSaA ijarq bu lHkh ikiksa ds

izk;f’pŸkLo:i mifjfufnZ”V tks ,d lqyHk /keZfof/k mUgsa ckY;koLFkk esa i<+kbZ tkrh gS fd rqe dkfQj dks eqlyeku cukvks] ,slh voLFkk

esa mls og cM+s lqfo/kktud <ax ls dj ldrk gSA ugha] og fof/k&laiUu djuk] muds bl pksjh] Mkds] Bxh vkfn ykSfdd O;olk;kFkZ

vR;ko’;d gksrk gSA ftUgsa cacbZ tSlh egkuxjh ds pksjksa ds vM~Mksa dh tkudkjh gS] mUgsa Kkr gS fd bu yksxksa ds Hkh egar gksr s gSaA os

vR;ar f’k”V rFkk ekuuh; O;olk; djr s gq, lk>s esa nqdku pykrs gSaA muds vf/kdkj esa fuR; ukSflf[k;k cPps [kVrs gSaA bu cPpksa dks

mudh izf’k{kk ds vuqlkj tscdrjs dh igyh d{kk ls] f[kM+dh rksM+us dh nwljh d{kk rd] frtksjh rksM+us dh rhljh d{kk ls /kedkdj

[kqYye[kqYyk Mkdw&yqVsjksa dh pkSFkh d{kk rd vkSj var esa Mkdstuh dh Vksyh esa lekfo”V gksus dh ikapoha d{kk esa c<+ksrjh feyrh gSA

dkjkx`g esa tkuk gks rks bUgha cPpksa dks Hkstk tkrk gSA egar lkekU;r;k vius LFkku ij vfMx jgrs gSa] u os dHkh fdlh ds >kals esa

vkrs gSaA ;g Li”V funsZ’k gksrk gS fd bl fo|kihB esa u, fjØwV dh Hkjrh vfojy :i ls gksuh pkfg,A

pksjksa ds vM~Ms ;fn fganqvksa ds gSa rks feyrs gSa rks muesa vukFk] daxys fganw cPps ftl rjg feyrs gS] mlh rjg dqN eqlyeku d lkFk

[kku&iku er djA eqlyeku ds fganwdj.k dh dYiuk og dHkh ugha dj ldrkA vr% fganw egarksa ds vM~Ms ij eqlyeku cPps cjken

Hkh gq, rks os pksj] ikth] yQaxs cusaxs] tsc dkVsaxs( ijarq eqlfye /keZ ls P;qr gksus dk mUgsa Hk; ugha gksrkA blds foijhr] muds lkFk

dHkh&dHkkj] ykpkjh ls gh D;ksa u gks] [kku&iku djrs gq, fganw egar gh eqlyeku cudj ifrr gks tkrs gSaA ijarq eqlyekuh egarksa ds

vM~Ms esa vukFk] daxky] vkokjk fganw ckyd tks feyrs gSa mudh voLFkk mifjfufnZ”V ?kVuk ls loZFkk foijhr gksrh gSA mUgsa pksjh djuk

lh[kuk iM+rk gS] iki djus iM+rs gSa] dkjkx`g esa lM+uk iM+rk gS vkSj lkFk gh vius fganw /keZ ls P;qr Hkh gksuk

243

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


iM+rk gS] D;kasfd pksjh&pdkjh djrs le; izlaxkuqlkj muds [kku&iku] f’k[kkdrZu] nk<+h vkfn lHkh ukVd djus iM+rs gSaA ijarq bl

izdkj mu fganw ckydksa dks ,d&nks ckj vHk{; djokdj vFkok mldh jksVh ds VqdM+ksa dks Li’kZ djds vFkok eqlyekuh uke nsdj iqfyl

dh vka[kksa esa /kwy >ksadus ds fy, mldh pksVh dkVdj vkSj lqUur djokus ds ,d&,d dk;Z ls og fganw ckyd Lo;a le>us yxrk gS fd

og eqlyeku cu x;k gSA mlds ?kj esa mls f’k{kk gh bl rjg nh tkrh gS fd Nwr&Nkr ls vifo= jksVh ds VqdM+s esa vFkok eqlyeku

ds lkFk Hkkstu djrs le; vaxqyh ds Li’kZ esa rqEgkjs laiw.kZ fganw /keZ dks xaokus dh ‘kfDr gSA bl izdkj ‘krkf/kd fganw ckyd vkSj ;qod

fdlh dks dkuksdku [kcj u gksrs gq, cacbZ tSls egkuxjksa esa pksj&Mkdqvksa ds vM~Mksa esa xqIr :i ls eqlyeku cu jgs gSaA muds

eqlyeku ds lkFk [kku&iku dk lekpkj feyrs gh mUgsa tkr ls [kkfjt fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ekSyoh&egar muls dgrs gSa] ^vc rqe

eqlyeku cu x, gks] vc flQZ uekt+ i<+ks] lqUur djokvksA Qykus eqlyeku dh csVh ls rqEgkjk fudkg djok nsrs gSaA* mu egark sa ds

vM~Mksa ij bu mpDds ;qodksa dh rjg mPkDdh cktk: yM+fd;ka Hkh ykj Vidkrh gSaA bl rjg fganqvksa ds cPps eqlyeku pksjksa ds vM~Ms

ij ikao j[krs gh viuk fganw /keZ [kks cSBrs gSaA ;g ckr ml eqlyekuh vM~Ms ds egarksa dks gh ugha] vfirq mu cnek’k cPpksa dk s Hkh]

ftUgsa budks Qalkus ds fy, fu;qDr fd;k tkrk gS] Kkr jgrh gS vkSj os th&tku ls bu fganw cPpksa dks /keZHkz”V djus dk gsrwiwoZd iz;kl

djrs gSa] D;ksafd tSlk Åij dgk x;k gS] muds iki dekZsa esa bu fganw ckydksa }kjk lgk;rk gh feyrh gSA mUgsa ml ijykSfdd naM ls

eqfDr feyrh gS] tks mUgsa bl iki ds fy, feyusokyk FkkA bruk gh ugha] mudh vVwV fu”Bk gksrh gS fd ,d dkfQj dks eqlyeku

cukus ds iq.; dk dqN&u&dqN iqjLdkj rks vo’; gh feysxkA

uxjksa ds pksj vM~Mksa ls tks cp fudyrs gSa os canhx`g esa eqlyekuh Hkz”Vhdj.k ds f’kdkj curs gSaa dkjkx`gksa esa ik, tkusokys /keZHkz”V

fganqvksa esa dqN yksx ,sls yksx ,sls gksrs gSa] ftUgsa mifjfufnZ”V ekxZ ls /keZHkz”V fd;k tkrk gSA ijarq dqN yksx canhx`g e s a vkus ls igys

gh /keZHkz”V gks tkrs gSa] ftUgsa vkos’k esa gR;k d s vijk/k esa naM feyrk gS] vFkok tks eqlyeku pksjksa ds vM~Mksa esa cjken u gksdj

fganqvksa ds pksj&vM~Mksa esa cjken gksrs gSa vFkok vU; vijk/kkFkZ [ksrh&ckM+h ds >xM+ksa] ekjihV vkfn esa nafMr gksrs gSaA muesa Hkh iPphl

cjl ds vanj ds rFkk fd’kksj&o;Ld ckyd gh vf/kd la[;k esa /keZHkz”V gksrs gSaA Åijh fooj.k ds vuqlkj cacbZ ds vM~Mksa ds egarksa esa

tks eqlyeku egar var esa naM fo/kku ¼fØfeuy ykW½ dh dSaph esa Qaldj dkjkx`g esa vkrs gSa] os canh’kkyk esa

244

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Hkh bl rjg ds u, fganw ;qodksa ij n`f”V j[krs gSa( D;ksafd ogha ij os pksjh ds izFke ;k vkxs ds ikB i<+dj eqlyeku curs gSa vk Sj ogh

cPps muds nq”V O;olk; ds fy, mi;ksxh gksdj cacbZ vkkfn egkuxj fLFkr vM~Mksa esa lekfo”V fd, tkrs gSaA eqlyeku cukus ds bl

iz;kl dks canhx`g esa ukSdjh djusokys eqlyeku flikgh Hkh dHkh&dHkh gLrs&ij&gLrs lgk;rk nsrs gq, ik, tkrs gSaA ijarq eqlyeku

cafn;ksa esa ls tks okWMZj] isVh vQlj vkfn canhoku vf/kdkjh fu;qDr fd, tkrs gSa] os uCcs izfr’kr fganqvksa dks MkaV&MiV vkfn laHko

mik;ksa ls /keZHkz”V djus esa jŸkh Hkj Hkh dlj ugha NksM+rsA

fganqLFkku fLFkr izk;% lHkh dkjkx`gksa esa tc ;gh fLFkfr ikbZ tkrh gS rks vaneku dh rks iwfN, gh ughaA m/kj rks igys ls gh /kekZa/k vkSj

ikiijk;.k iBku] cywph vkfn eqlyeku cafn;ksa esa ls okWMZj vkfn vf/kdkjh fu;qDr fd, tkrs gSaA muesa Hkh jktuhfrd cafn;ksa esa ls

okWMZj vkfn vf/kdkjh fu;qDr fd, tkrs gSaA muesa Hkh jktuhfrd nafMr fganw gh gksus ds dkj.k teknkjkfn ds Lfkkuksa ij eqlyekuksa dks gh

fu;qDr djus dh dV~Vj ifjikVh FkhA iwokZ/kZ esa bldk FkksM+k&cgqr fnXn’kZu gks gh pqdk gS fd ;s yksx fganqvksa dks dBksj dkeks a esa tqVkdj]

dBksj naM dk gkSok fn[kkdj] lrr lR;klR; vfHk;ksx pykdj mUgsa rax djrs vkSj Li”V :i esa ;g dgrs fd ^gels ;fn fiaM NqM+kuk

pkgrs gks rks eqlyeku cu tkvks*A vYio;Ld rFkk grk’k fganqvksa dks eqlyeku /keZ Lohdkjus ds fy, os fdl rjg ck/; djrs gSa]

bldk fooj.k FkksM+k&cgqr igys vk;k gh gSA tSls&tSls ;g lkjk rEkk’kk gekjh n`f”V esa vkus yxk] oSls&oSls ge lkspus yxs fd bldk

dqN&u&dqN izfrdkj djuk gh gksxkA gj eghus&i[kokM+s de&ls&de ,dk/k fganw xqipqi fganqvksa dh iafDr ls mBdj eqlyekuksa dh iafDr

esa Hkkstu djrk gqvk fn[kkbZ nsrkA ;g fLFkfr gesa nqLlg izrhr gksrhA ijarq ge Bgjs dksBjhcanA gesa le> ugha vk jgk Fkk fd fd;k

D;k tk,\ vU; fganw cafn;ksa ds eu esa FkksM+k vkos’k mRiUu dk iz;kl djus yxs rks geus ns[kk fd mUgsa bl ckr ls dqN ysuk&nsuk ugha

FkkA gj dksbZ dgrk] ^eq>s blls D;k\*

eqlyekuksa dk fojks/k

vKkuh fganqvksa d ckr NksfM+,] ijarq jktuhfrd canhokuksa esa Hkh bl eqlyekuhdj.k esa ck/kk Mkyus dk lkgl dbZ yksxksa esa ugha gks ldkA

,d rjg ls og {kE; Hkh FkkA mudh lgu’khyrk vkf[kj fdruk ruko lgsxh\ ns’k esa vFkd ifjJe djds Hk;adj naM Hkqxrrs gq, os

dkjkxkjksa esa lM+ jgs Fks] vkSj vc dkjkx`g esa Hkh lHkh ls VDdj ysrs gq, vkSj vf/kd d”Vizn voLFkk esa iM+us ;ksX; nSfgd ‘kfDr rks

euq”; ds ikl gksuh pkfg, u! mudk cks> os <ks gh jgs FksA okLro esa nwljs dke

245

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


nwljs yksxksa dks djus pkfg, FksA vr% jktcafn;ksa esa dqN ;g dgrs fd jgus Hkh nks] ;g u;k ipM+kA mu Øwj] djky iBkuh teknkj]

goynkjksa ls fHkMa+r u gksrs gq, Hkh thuk gjke gS] mlesa mudh /kekZa/krk dk izfrjks/k djds mudk jks”k vius Åij dkSu ys\ ,d n`f”V ls

mudk rdZ LokHkkfod gh FkkA ijarq blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd mu nks&pkj yksxksa dk vkpj.k fuanuh; Fkk] tks bl lR; dks izkatyrk ls

Lohdkj djus ds fy, rS;kj ugha Fks fd vf/kd d”V lgus dh muesa ‘kfDr ugha gS] cfYd ;g izfrikfnr djrs fd eqlyekuksa ds

Hkz”Vhdj.k dk izfrdkj djus dk iz;kl gh fuiV ew[kZrk gS vkSj bl cgkus ls os viuh dk;jrk ,oa Hkh:rk dks <duk pkgrs FksA mueas

dqN yksx rks eqlyeku teknkj dks izlUu djus ds fy, bl rjg fuR; vkHkkl djkrs gq, dky;kiu djrs fd os Hkh ‘kh/kz gh eqlyeku

/keZ Lohdkjus dk fopkj dj jgs gSaA fQj vU; fganqvksa dks mudh vka[kksa ds lkeus Hkz”V fd, tkrs le; mldk izfrdkj djus dh ckr

fdlfy,\

eqlyeku vf/kdkfj;ksa dks izlUu djus vkSj ;g izfrikfnr djus dh fd viuh Hkh:rk gh cqf}ekuh gS] vxyh lh<+h ;g Fkh fd vkxs tc

eqlyekuh paxqy ls fganw yksxksa dks NqM+kus ds fy, >xM+s gksrs rc rc bl izofŸk ds yksx >xM+usokys fganw yksxksa dks ikxy dgrs gq,

eqlyeku tkenkjksa dks izlUu djrs vkSj fganqvksa ls dgrs] ^vjs HkkbZ] dSlh Hkz”Vrk vkSj ‘kqf}\ bl rjg ds ;s ifrr vijk/kh uhp yksx

fganw lekt esa jgsa ;k u jgsa] dksbZ varj ugha iM+rkA muds fganw gksus ls D;k ykHk\ tks Hk; ds ekjs ;k iSls ds fy, eqlyeku curs gSa]

mUgsa cukus dk dke dsoy cpiuk gSA* lqifjaVsaMsaV] ckjh] dfe’uj vkfn vaxzst vf/kdkjh Hkh gels ;gh dgrsA <ksaXkh] eDdkj] diVh

eqlyeku Hkh gesa ;gh ikB i<+kuk pkgrs FksA ‘kqf}dj.k ij ;g vk{ksi vkt Hkh Lo/kehZ; lPps ijarq Hkksys yksxksa }kjk yxk, tkrs gSa] u

fd ij/kehZ; ik[kafM;ksa }kjkA vr% muesa fLFkr dqrdZ dk rfud foospu fd, fcuk ikBd Bhd rjg ls bl ckr ij xkSj ugh a dj ldsaxs

fd ml le; vaneku esa ,slh dkSu lh Hkkouk vkSj fopkj izpfyr Fks] tks gesa ‘kqf}dj.k dk ;g dk;Z gkFk esa ysus ds fy, izo`Ÿk dj

jgs FksA

‘kqf}dj.k [ksy ugha

fganw lket esa tuesa ifrrksa] yqPpksa rFkk vijkf/k;ksa dks fo/keZ esa tkus ls jksdus ds iz;kl djuk ;fn cpiuk gS rks vkt eqlyeku yksx

gtkjksa cjlksa ls ;q} djds Hkh fgnwa ifrrksa] yqPpksa rFkk vijkf/k;ksa dks eqlyeku cukus dk cpiuk D;ksa dj jgs gSa\ eqlyeku /keksZaReŸk

gSa] Bhd! Ijarq ;s lqK] Lora=] fopkjh ;wjksfi;u vkSj vesfjdu yk[kksa :i, bdV~Bk djds [kpZ djds fganqLFkku ds fiNM+s xkaoksa esa gh ugha]

246

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vfirq ?kus taxyksa esa cls gq, ifrr gh ugha] i’kq leku ccZj] taxyh fganqvksa dks tks bZlkbZ cukus ds fy, Ny&cy] yksHkkfn ds l k/kuksa ls

vFkd iz;kl djrs vk, gSa] og Hkh cpiuk gh gS D;k\ ,sls yksHkh] nq”V yksx fganw lekt e s a Hkh gksa] rks D;k ykHk\ muds ,sls rdZ ij

gekjk dguk gS fd buds eqlyeku lekt esa vFkok bZlkbZ lekt esa tkus ls Hkh D;k ykHk\ ij/kfeZ;ksa ls ge iwNrs gSA fd vki yksx

bruk vkdk’k&ikrky D;ksa ,d dj jgs gSa\ tks ifrr] nq”V gSa] os gesa oSls gh Lohdkj gSaA vki vius eksgEenh; vkSj bZlkb;ksa ds ifo=

dqyksa esa mUgsa ?kLkhVdj viuh ifo=rk D;ksa dyafdr rFkk Hkz”V dj jgs gSa\ bl cpiusa ds fy, yk[kksa :i, ikuh dh rjg cgkdj mldk

vkjaHk gh er djks] rkfd fganqvksa dks Hkh ‘kqf}dj.k dk dk;Z dj bl yM+diu esa Hkkxh gksus dk eksg u gksA ijarq ;fn ;g cpiuk ugha

gS vkSj ;fn vkidk ;g dguk gks fd gtkjksa lezkV~] lk/kq] /keZ&izorZd vkSj fHk{kq djksM+ksa :i;ksa dks Lokgk djrs gq, fo’o ij

viuh&viuh laLd`fr rFkk /keZ dk flDdk tekus ds fy, lfn;ksa ls Hkjld ps”Vk dj jgs gSa] rks fQj ftu&ftu fganqvksa dks blij

fo’okl gS fd mudh laLd`fr vkSj /keZ fo’o Hkj esa izpkfjr gksus ls fo’o dk vafre dY;k.k vf/kd lqyHkrkiwoZd rFkk fu’p;iwoZd

lk/; gksxk] muds ‘kqf}dj.k ds iz;kl Hkh vkidks mrus gh U;k¸; rFkk xaHkhj izrhr gksus pkfg,A

ifrrks}kj dh fo’ks”k vko’;drk

;fn vki fganqvksa dks] fQj pkgs os fdrus gh ifrr vkSj uhp D;ksa u gksa] yksHk] dke] O;lu dk izyksHku fn[kkdj ;k gekjs ekSyoh lkgc

tSls Nqjh dh uksad ij /keZHkz”V djrs gSa] og vki viuk lekt ,oa la[;kcy c<+kus ds fy,] ,sfgd ykHkkFkZ gh Hkz”V djrs gSa rks mlh

rjg ge fganw Hkh viuk lekt vkSj la[;kcy c<+kus vkSj blfy, fd viuh laLd`fr {kh.krj u gks vkSj vU; tkfr;ksa ds lkeus vius

tkrh; thou dh cfy u p<+kbZ tk,&Hkz”V fd, x, fganqvksa dk ‘kqf}dj.k djrs gSa fQj Hkys gh os ifrr] uhp D;ksa u gksaA

D;k s afd og O;fDr] ftls /keZHkz”V djus ds fy, vki ,M+h&pksVh ,d djrs gSa] nq”V vFkok e|ih vFkok ifrr Hkh gks] ijarq xgjkbZ ls

fopkj djsa rks vkius bl

247

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Lkekftd lR; dks igpkudj Le`fr esa j[kk gS fd O;fDr dks vius uke ls] cy ls tSls&rSls eqlyekuh vFkok bZlkbZ /keZ esa Bwaldj j[kk

rks mldh larfr ckY;kdky ls vkidh laLd`fr esa gh iyh&c<+h gksus ds dkj.k eu ls iDdh bZlkbZ vFkok eqlyeku gksdj vki esa ls

lq;ksX;] cfy”B ,oa mi;qDr ukxfjdksa dh la[;k ifjof/kZr djsxh] D;ksafd ,slk dksbZ fu;e ugha fd nq”V] e|eh ,oa eDdkjksa dh larfr Hkh

eDdkj gh gksrh gksA baXySaM us dukMk vkSj vkWLVsªfy;k }hiksa esa ,sls gh fudEesa vkSj Hkz”V yksx HkstsA vkt baXySaM ds mUgha gR;kjs] pksj]

Mkdw] vijkf/k;ksa ds mu }hikarfjr ifrrksa ds oa’ktksa us dukMk vkSj vkWLVsªfy;k esa Lora= jk”Vª ,oa jkT; izLFkkfir fd, gSaA fganw lekt

dh xanxh] dhpM+] dqM+k&djdV vkSj ryNV Hkh vki QkoM+s&lksus ds QkoM+s& ls tks fujarj [khapdj ckgj fudky jgs gSa] og cl

blhfy, fd fdlku dh rjg vkidks ml eSys rFkk ryNV ds mi;ksx dk Kku gS fd ;fn mlds [kkn dk oSKkfud <ax ls mi;ksx fd;k

tk, rks vkxkeh o”kksZa esa vkids [ksr vukt dh thounk;h lqugjh ckfy;ksa ls ygygkus yxsaxsA

vkSj bl rŸo ijfopkj djrs gq, fd pkgs og fganw uhp gks] pksj&mpDdk gks] VqPpk&eDdkj gks] vK gks] ijarq ik= fganw gksus ls mls

ij/keZ esa tkus ugha fn;k tk, vkSj ;fn og pyk Hkh x;k rks mls iqu% ‘kq}hdj.k d lkFk fganw lekt esa okil yk;k tk,A blfy,

‘kqf}dj.k&lsuk us dej dlh gSA D;ksafd og pksj Hkys gh gks& fganw laLd`fr ds fy, fganw&pksj eqlyeku pksj ls de gkfudkjd gSA fganw

pksj dsoy pksjh djsxk] eafnj ugha rksM+sxk] u gh ewfrZ rksMs+xk] u osnksa dks tyk,xkA eqlyeku pksj pksjh djsxk gh] ijarq tkrs&tkrs

nsoewfrZ;ksa dks rksM+sxk vkSj ;FkklaHko de&ls&de ,d ^dkfQj* ds flj ij dsoy blfy, fd og dkfQj gS] MaMk cjlkdj LoxZ esa ml

pksjh ds iki iz{kkyukFkZ ygw djuk ugha NwV jgk] e| ihuk ugha NwV jgk ;k og yksHk ugha NksM+ jgk] rks Hkh fpark ughaA fQj Hkh fganwRo

NksM+uk mfpr ugha gSA fganw cus jgus ds fy, ifrrksa dks rS;kj djuk fganw laLd`fr ,oa tkrh; thou dh n`f”V ls vko’;d gS&;fn fl}

gksrk gSA

ijarq ‘kqf}dj.k dk vkanksyu pksj&mpDdksa esa Hkh tkjh j[kuk pkfg,A blds fy, mi;qZDr dkj.kksa ls Hkh vf/kd egŸoiw.kZ vkSj leqfpr

dkj.k gSA

pksjh ‘kqf}dj.k dk vkanksyu pksj&mPpdksa esa Hkh tkjh j[kuk pkfg,A blds fy, mi;ZqDr dkj.kksa ls Hkh vf/kd egŸoiw.kZ vkSj leqfpr

dkj.k gSA

pksjh djuk NksM+ ldks rks vPNk gh gS] ijarq og ugha NqV lds rks de&ls&de fganw pksj cudj gh jgks] D;ksafd pksjh djuk u NksM+uk

iki vo’; gS] rFkkfi fganw u jguk rks ml iki ls Hkh lkS xquk ?kksj jk”Vªh; ,oa lkekftd iki gS] uSfrd iki rks vo’; gS ghA

de&ls&de ;g iki rks er djksA bl rjg ge izR;sd fganw euq”;

248

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dks] fQj og fdruk gh jn~nh D;ksa u gks] ,slk dgsaA blds fy, dej dluh gksxh] D;ksafd ,sls gh ^csdkj* ca/kqvksa dks gekjs iwoZtksa us

viuh ifo=rk ds ?keaM esa ij/keZ esa tkus fn;k fd eq>s blls D;k\ ftldk /keZ mlds ikl&og nks dkSM+h dk gS\ tkus Hkh nksA bl rjg

vDy dk vth.kZ gksdj vkRe?kkr dh /kkj.kk cuus ls mUgsa xaok fn;kA nsf[k,] mldk ifj.kke D;k gqvkA ml ,d&,d csdkj euq”; dks

ij/keZ esa Qsad nsus ls vkt lkS o”kksZa ds ckn ml cht ls fganw /keZ] laLd`fr ,oa lekt ds ‘krkf/kd dV~Vj ‘k=q mRiUu gks x,A vk Sjaxtsc

,d jktiwr ukjh dh blh rjg dh csdkj dks[k ls mRiUu gqvk FkkA ekykckj ds ;s eksiys vk/ks ls vf/kd jDr&ekal&cht ls ewy fganqvksa

ds oa’kt gSaA ijarq D;k vc muesa ;g igpku ‘ks”k gS fd mudh ekrk dkSu gS\ ;g Hk;adj varj mu eqlyeku ekSyfo;ksa ds ml

^cpiu* dk ifj.kke gS] ftUgksaus mu ewy fganqvksa dh pksVh cyiwoZd dkVdj nk<+h j[kh FkhA

cM+ksa dk cpiuk

og pkgs cM+ksa dk cpiuk gh D;ksa u gks vksj uke ls gh lgh] ij fdruk Hkh uhp ;k fu:I;ksxh D;ksa u gks] mls fganwRo dh Js.kh es a

j[kus ds fy, ge th&rksM+ iz;kl djsA cpius dk og [ksy u [ksyus ls vkt fganw laLd`fr ij ekjd vk?kkr djusokys ekykckj ds

naxs¹54 ;gka&ogka HkM+duk ‘kq: gks x;kA og yM+d[ksy nk<+h eqM+k pksVh j[kus] eqlyeku vFkok bZlkbZ uke cnydj fganw uke j[kus vFkok

dsoy rqylh&i= nsdj fganw cuus dh gkeh Hkjokus dk yM+d[ksy vc T;s”Bksa dks Hkh [ksYkuk gh gksxkA uhp] nafMrksa] ikfi;ksa dks muds fy,

u lgh] ij blfy, fd mldh larku fganqRo ls oafpr u gks] fganw lekt esa lekfo”V dj ysus ds fy, iz;Ru’khy jguk vR;ar vko’;d

gSA lkekftd n`f”V ls vkSj ikjykSfdd n`f”V ls Hkh ;g iz;kl gksuk pkfg,A vkSj dkSu dg ldrk gS fd vkids ml vgadkj ls tks

gR;kjs] pksj] mpDds dks u`’kal] ikih le>rk Fkk] Hkfo”; esa dksbZ okYehdh iSnk ugha gksxk] fganqvksa dks rFkk vf[ky fo’o dks , sls gh ,d

misf{kr gR;kjs] pksj] Mkdw us migkjLo:i jkek;.k nh gqbZ gSA blhfy, mUgsa mYkVk&lh/kk gh lgh] ijarq jke uke tius nhft,A muls

tki djokb,] blls dY;k.k gh gksxkA

bl rjg lqnwj fopkjksa ls izsfjr gksdj ge ml dBksj dkjkx`g rFkk mifuos’k esa Hkh fganqvksa rFkk jktcafn;ksa ls dgus yxs] ^mu ifrrksa dks

Hkh] tks pksj] Mkdw rFkk gR;kjs gSa] eqlyekuh /keZ ds f’kdats ls eqDr djus ds fy, iz;kl djus gksaxsA* mi;qZDr okD; Ng&lkr o”kksZa rd

gekjs gksaBksa ij fFkjdrs jgs FksA lu~ 1913 esa vFkkZr~ vaneku

54

bu naxksa ij lkojdj us ^eq>s blls D;k* vFkkZRk~ ^eksiyksa dk fonzksg* ‘kh”kZd miU;kl fy[kk gSA

249

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


esa tkus ds Ms<+&nks cjlksa ckn geus eqlyekuksa ij] tks fganqvksa dks /keZHkz”V djus ij rqys Fks] igyk vfHk;ksx pyk;kA igyk i zfrdkj

fd;kA jktcafn;ksa esa ls ftUgksaus gekjh lgk;rk djus dh rRijrk fn[kkbZ vkSj ftu fganw cafn;ksa us bl vkanksyu esa /khjs&/khjs mRlkgiwoZd

Hkkx ysuk izkjaHk fd;k] mUgha ds lg;ksx ls ‘kqf}dj.k dk ;g vkanksyu geus yxHkx lu~ 1920&21 rd] vFkkZr~ vaneku ls fganqLFkku d s

dkjkx`g esa vkus rd] lrr pyk;k FkkA fganqLFkku vkus ds Ik’pkr~ ;gka ds canhx`g e s a Hkh mls ugha NksM+kA bl dkj.k dbZ ckj eqlyekuh

xaqMksa us ge ij ‘kkjhfjd vk?kkr djus] gesa tku ls ekjus ds “kM~;a= jps] iz;kl fd,] canhx`gksa esa naxs gq,A ,d ckj gekjs ca/kq ij

eqlyeku xaqMs VwV iM+s vkSj mUgsa ?kk;y dj fn;k FkkA ijarq og vkanksyu :dk ughaA bl vkanksyu ds dkj.k vaneku esa u, fganw dks

/keZHkz”V djuk yxHkx valHko gks x;kA ijarq iwoZ esa Hkz”V fganqvksa dks Hkh mifuos’k esa iqu% ‘kq} fd;k x;kA

vaneku esa ‘kqf} vaneku esa fganqvksa dks /keZHkz”V djus dk lk/kkj.k Øe bl rjg gksrk fd pkyku vkrs gh vFkok mlds Ik’pkr~ tSls gh

volj feyrk] rc lqdqekj ckydksa ;k Hkh: yksxksa dks fetkZ [kku teknkj dBksj ifjJe ds dkeksa ij Hkstrk] ogka ds eqlyeku okWMZj

vFkok isVh vQlj mUgsa ,d vksj ys tkrs gq, ekjihV djrs] MkaV&MiV] xkyh&xykSt djrsA nwljh vksj mu yksxksa dks] tks igys fganw Fks

vkSj vc /keZHkz”V gks x, gSa] pksjh&fNis ykbZ xbZ feBkbZ] rackdw vkfn oLrq nsdj muls izseiwoZd O;ogkj djrsA mu u, dSfn;ksa ds =Lr

gksdj :vkals gksus ij mUgsa crk;k tkrk fd rqe D;ksa ejrs gks] rqe Hkh ml veqd&veqd dh rjg eqlyeku cu tkvks] blls rqEgsa Hkh

bu lHkh d”Vksa ls eqfDr fey ldsxhA /khjs&/khjs ;s canh muds paxqy esa Qal tkrs] mUgsa ogh rackdw vkfn oLrq nsdj var esa ,d fnu

Hkkstu ds le; [kqYye[kqYyk eqlyekuksa dh iafDr esa CkSBk;k tkrk vkSj eqlyekuh Hkkstu Øe’k% mu tkfr;ksa ls vyx idok;k tkrkA

,d ckj ;s fganw eqlyekuh ikar esa Hkkstu djrs gq, fn[kkbZ ns tk,a] fQj fganw gh mUgsa viuh ikar esa ugha ysaxs& mUgsa bldk iwjk&iwjk

fo’okl gksus ds dkj.k os bl uoHkz”V fganw ds fo”k; esa loZFkk fuf’pra gks tkrsA dsoy ,d ckj mldk uke cnydj eqlyekuh uke

j[krsA dksbZ fganw Hkwy ls Hkh vxj mls mlds fganw uke ls iqdkjus yxrk rks fetkZ vkSj vU; eqlyeku gLrd mu fganqvksa dks

MkaV&fiykdj dgrs] ^[kcjnkj! Okg eqlyeku gks x;k gSA mls mldk eqlyekuh uke ysdj gh cqyk;k djksA* ;gh Fkh eqlyeku /keZ dh

nh{kk! Dqjku] lqUur] uekt+

250

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vkfn fdlh dh Hkh vko’;drk ugha gksrhA rackdw gh lqUur] dBksj dke gh dqjku vkSj eqlyekuh Hkkstu gh uekt+!

bl rjg lk/kkj.kr% yksx /keZHkz”V fd, tkrsA vkxs pydj muesa ls fdlh&fdlh dh lqUur Hkh dh tkrhA dkjkx`g ls eqDr gksrs le; ;s

yksx viuk eqlykeuh uke gh fy[kokrsA ml le; dksbZ Hkh vf/kdkjh ;g ugha iwNrk fd rqeus viuk fganw uke cnydj ;g eqlyekuh

uke D;ksa /kkj.k fd;k\ rqe eqlyekuh /keZ dk v/;;u djds eqlyeku cus ;k fdlh ds Mj ls vFkok izyksHkuksa dk f’kdkj gksdj

eqlyeku cus gks\ vkxs pydj og euq”; ckgj] mifuos’k esa tkrk rks m/kj Hkh eqlyekuh vf/kdkjh gh gksrsA ogka ds eqlyeku

vf/kdkjh fganqvksa dks blh izdkj Hkz”V djrs] vkSj nqHkkZX; dh ckr ;g fd dksbZ vk?kkr fLFkfr esa bl rjg eqlyeku /keZ Lohdkjs vkSj

fQj fdlh fgaanw ds vf/kdkj esa vFkok Lora= jhfr ls jgus dk volj vkus ij ;fn bl fn[kkoVh eqlyekuh dk R;kx djus dk fu’p;

dj fQj ls fganqvksa esa ?kqy&fey tkus dk iz;kl djs] rks fganq uke /kkj.k djds fganqvksa dh iafDr esa tSls gh cSBus yxrk rks eqlyekuksa ls

Hkh vf/kd dV~Vjrk ls mls [knsM+dj iqu% eqlyekuksa esa mBus&cSBus ds fy, ck/; djrh] ‘kksj epkrh fganw cafn;ksa dh Vksyh geus dbZ ckj

ns[kh gSA blls fetkZ [kku vkfn eqlyekuh izpkjdksa dk dke vkSj lqyHk gksrkA ,d ckj dgha pisV esa ykdj fganw canhoku dks eqlyekuksa

dh ikar esa Hkkstu f[kyk;k fd cl] fQj ml ij igjk] mls iqu% rackdw nsuk] mlls uekt i< +okuk&bu lkjs >a>Vksa ls NqV~VhA ‘ks”k lkjh

O;oLFkk fganw Lo;a djrs] ftlls fd og eqlyekuksa us dj fy;k fd cl mls vkthou gh ugha] ihf<+;ksa rd eqlyekuksa esa jgus dks ck/;

djus dk d”V Lo;a fganw gh djsaxsA ;g nqHkkZX;iw.kZ fLFkfr tSlh Lons’k esa Fkh oSlh gh ml dkysikuh esa Hkh] ftlesa Lons’k dh gh ijNkbZ

>kad jgh gSA

bl izdkj izR;sd ekl&nks ekl ckn de&ls&de rhu&pkj fganw eqlyeku cu tkrsA fQj os okil Lons’k ykSVrs vFkok vaneku esa gh

O;kg jpkdj cl x, rks Hkh mudh larku eqlyeku gh gksrh vkSj ,d&nks ihf<+;ksa ds Ik’pkr~ rks bl lR; dks Lohdkj djus ds fy, fd

vius iwoZt fganw Fks&vieku le>us ;ksX; dV~Vj fganw }s”kh eqlyekfu;r ml larku esa vkTkUe izf’k{kk ls izfo”V gks tkrhA

dHkh&dHkh dksbZ fganw L=h }kjk eqlyeku ifr Lohdkj fd, tkus ls og eqlyeku cu tkrhA ijarq dksbZ eqlyeku efgyk ;fn fganw ifr

cuk, rks\ D;k og

251

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fganw /keZ Lohdkj djrh\ dnkfi ughaA mls dkSu fganw gksus nsxk\ fganw yksx gh ml ukjh dks fganw le>us dh vis{kk ml fganw ifr dks

eqlyeku le>dj cfg”d`r djrsA

bl loZFkk vkRe?kkrd izo`fŸk ij izfrca/k yxkus ds fy, geus dej dlh vkSj lu~ 1913 esa eqlyekuksa ls f?kjs ,d czkã.k ckyd dks

cpkus ds fy, izdV :i esa iz;Rujr jgsA mlh ckr ds dkj.k vkxs pydj tks eqBHksM+ gqbZ] mldk o.kZu la{ksi esa bl izdkj gS&

fganw ckyd dk vfHk;ksx

;g mŸkj fganqLFkkuh czkã.k ;qod dksbZ chlsd o”kZ dk gksxkA pksjh ds vkjksi esa blds iwoZ Hkh dkjkx`g gks vk;k Fkk vFkkZr~ nq”V laxr esa

eqjCch FkkA ijarq vc Hkh vius czkã.kRo dk vfHkekuhA dkykijuh ns[krs gh flVfiVk;kA ml ij dksYgwA ns[krs&ns[krs iBku okWMZjksa us

mls ?ksj fy;kA ml pkaMky pkSdM+h dh fuyZTtkrkiw.kZ ?kksf”kr izfrKk Fkh gh] ^fganqvksa ds yM+dksa dks igys rax djds fcxkM+uk pkfg,A fQj

os vklkuh ls eqlyeku cu tkrs gSaA* mudh ?k`.kkLin /keZ nh{kk ds izFke LkaLdkj dk Hk{; cudj og yM+dk blls iwoZ gh ^fcxM+k* gqvk

Fkk] vc dsoy ljsvke mls eqlyekuh iafDr es a cSBkuk ‘ks”k jgk FkkA brus esa mls ,d O;fDr ls lans’k fHktokdj fuosnu fd;k] ^^fganqRo

dk R;kx er djksA** mlus dgk] ^ugha NksMaw rks D;k d:a\ fetkZ [kku eq>s iqu% dksYgw esa HkstsxkA** ;g dgus ls fd /keZ ds fy, d”V

mBkus gh pkfg,] ml ifrr ij mldk D;k izHkko gksrk\ ge Lo;a dksBjhcan ,slh voLFkk esa mldh lgk;rk djuk] fetkZ [kku ds fo:}

lgk;rk nsuk nq”dj gh FkkA var esa ,d fnu ‘kke dks varLFk HksaV }kjk ckjh ds ikl lkjh f’kdk;r igaqpkbZA blds iwoZ Hkh ,slh ?kVuk,a

gksrh Fkh] bl lR; ls ckjh vufHkK FkksM+s gh Fkk\ mlus geij gh, ^^vkidks dksBjh esa fdlus crk;k fd ml d{k esa D;k&D;k gks jgk

gS\ tkus Hkh nks] ;s fcxMs+ gq, ykSaMs gSa! Vki D;ksa bl yM+d[ksy esa iM+rs gSa\** vkfn vkM+s&frjNs iz’uksa dh >M+h yxk nhA vr% nwljs fnu

lqifjaVsaMsaV dks geus lkjh ckr crkbZA ckjh us igys ls gh mlds dku Hkjs gq, Fks] vr% mlus gels Hkh ogha f?kls&fiVs iz’u iwNs] ^^bl

rjg ds nq”V yksx fganqvksa esa jgs rks D;k] eqlyeku gq, rks D;k]** geus Hkh mlh rdZ ls mŸkj fn,] ftldk bl izdj.k ds vkjaHk es a

fooj.k fn;k x;k gSA var esa lqifjaVsaMsaV us dgk] ^^dksbZ ;fn LosPNkiwoZd tk jgk gks rks ge mls dSls jksdsa\** geus dgk] ^^Lo;a tk jgk

gks] rks gesa Hkh vkifŸk ugha gSA ijarq eqlyeku canhoku fganqvksa dks rax djds] dBksj dke nsdj rFkk izyksHku fn[kkdj mUgsa eqlyeku

/keZ Lohdkjus ds fy, ck/; djrs gSa&bldk vki fojks/k djsaA** rc Ik;Zos{kd us dgk] ^^vki ;fn fdlh

252

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


eqlyeku }kjk fganw yM+dksa dks rax djrs vFkok fu;e fo:} rackdw vkfn ckaVrs ns[ksa rks gesa lwfpr djsa] fQj eSa mldk vo’; izfrjks/k

d:axk] naM nwaxkA**

drZO; le>dj vieku dk dM+ok ?kwaV ih fy;k] Ik;Zos{kd pyk x;kA ijarq ckjh rFkk fetkZ [ku gels :”V gks x,] D;kasfd ckrphr esa

muds vusd jgL; mtkxj djus iM+s Fks vkSj fo’ks”kr% Ik;Zos{kd }kjk gesa izkIr gqbZ vquKk vius vf/kdkj dk Hkax djrs gq, fn[ks rk s mls

idM+ks] ckjh dks ;g vuqKk vius vf/kdkj dk Hkax djrh gqbZ izrhr gqbZ eqlyekuksa esa rks gj dksbZ nkar ihlus yxk] D;kasfd fganw dks rks

og lkx&ikr le>rs FksA mls eqlyeku cukus ds vius iSr`d vf/kdkj ds fo:} f’kdk;rsa\ mUgksaus thou esa dHkh ;g vuqHko ugha

fd;k FkkA ckjh us gesa lh/kk djus dk fu’p; djds mu Øks/k ls mcyrs gq, eqlyeku cu jgk gwaA** nwljs fnu vU; d{k esa jgrs gq,

Hkh mls tku&cq>dj gekjs d{k esa yk;k x;k vkSj gekjh vka[kksa ds lkeus fetkZ [kku us mls eqlyekuksa dh iafDr esa cSBkdj eqlyekuh

Hkkstu djk;k vkSj gekjs uke dk mPpkj.k u djrs gesa chHkRl] xanh xkfy;ka nsrk gqvk pyk x;kA ml canh dks iwjs fnu os yksx

eqlyekuh uke ysdj cqykrs jgs Fks] ftlls gesa viuh foo’krk ij yTtk dk vuqHko gks] vFkkZr~ ml lkjs vieku dk ?kwaV drZO;

le>dj ih fy;kA

vki vU; yksxksa dks fganw D;ksa ugha cukrs

nwljs fnu izkr% ,d eqlyeku okWMZj nks&rhu vkus dh rackdw ml Hkz”Vkpkjh ds gkFk esa Fkek gh jgk Fkk gekjh n`f”V ml ij iM+ xbZA

geus rqjar mBdj okWMZj dks crk;kA ijarq okWMZj Bgjk fganwA fxM+fxM+krs gq, dgus yxk] ^^eSaus mls idM+ fy;k rks fetkZ [kku esjh feV~Vh

iyhn dj nsxkA** vr% geus Lo;a gks&gYyk epkdj isVh vQlj dks cqykdj ml yM+ds dh ryk’kh ysus ds fy, dgk vkSj dgk fd^ugha

rks Ik;Zos{kd dks crk;k tk,xkA* bl rjg /kedkrs gh ryk’kh yh xbZ vkSj lkjh rackdw mldh vaVh esa j[kh fey xbZA brus esa gaxkek

lqudj fetkZ [kku gkaQrk gqvk vk x;kA mlds ^;g rackdw rqEgsa fdlus nh* iwNrs gh ml yM+ds us ml eqlyeku okWMZj dk uke ys

fy;kA feTkkZ [kku ge yksxksa dks oSls gh bekjr esa can j[kdj ml yM+ds dks vfHk;ksx yxkus ds fy, ckjh ds ikl ys x;kA ijarq vkxs

pydj ns[kk rks ml ckr dk dqN Hkh vrk&irk ugha FkkA la/;k le; ckjh ls iwNk rks og >Yykrs gq, cjl iM+k] ^^tsy dk vfHk;ksx

yxkusokyk vf/kdkjh eSa gwaA vki ,dek= canh gSaA canh dh rjg dsoy vius ckjs esa gh tks dqN cksyuk gS] cksysa] vU;Fkk naM HkqxrsaxsA**

253

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


nks fnu Ik’pkr~ Ik;Zos{kd fQj nkSjs ij vk x;k] bl ckr dh Vksg ysus fd ckjh us mls D;k dgk gS\ geus viuh bekjr ls iqdkjk]

^^vkosnuA** Ik;Zos{kd dks lIrkg dk fu;ksftr fnu NksM=dj fdlh ds vuq’kklu NksM+] vkosnu iqdkjus dk Øks/k vkrk FkkA vr% dqN ml

dkj.k ls vkSj dqN ckjh us tks dqN dgk Fkk] mlls >qa>ykrk gqvk >Vds ls ogka vkdj cksyk] ^^vU; cafn;ksa dh odkyr djuk vkidk

dksbZ drZO; ugha gSA dke djks dkeA** eSaus Hkh lkQ dgk] ^^eSa viuk vkosnu ¼vjth½ nwaxkA pkgs vki mls lqusa ;k u lqusaA jktcanh

,d&nwljs ls ckr Hkh djsa rks vU; cafn;ksa dks budh pqxfy;ka [kkus dk vf/kdkj gS] gekjh fpfê;ka pkgsa tc idM+h tkrh gSaA blfy,

gesa Hkh /keZ tSls dk;Z esa vU; yksxksa ds ckjs esa cksyus dk vf/kdkj gSA** esjk ;g Øks/k Hkjk fu’p;h mŸkj lqudj vkSj vkosnu lquuk

mldk drZO; gksus ds dkj.k Ik;Zos{kd fudV vk;k vkSj cksyk] ^^dfg,] D;k dguk pkgrs gSa vki\** rc eSaus dgk] ^^eqlyeku okWMZj dks

rackdw nsrs gq, eSaus jaxs gkFkksa idM+k Fkk] fQj Hkh ml ij vfHk;ksx ugha pyk;k x;kA** Ik;Zos{kd pdjkx;kA mlus >qa>ykrs gq, ckjh ls

iwNk] ^^;g D;k gS\ dgka gS og eqlyeku okWMZj\** brus esa ckjh ds vka[kksa ls ladsr djrs gh fetkZ [kku us vkxs vkdj dgk] ^^gqtwj]

bl ckcw us ¼vFkkZr~ geus½ [kqn rackdw ml ykSaMs ds diM+ksa esa j[kh FkhA [kqn mlds diM+ksa esa rackdw yisVdj bl eqlyeku okWMZj ij bl

rjg >wB&ewB dk vfHk;ksx yxk jgs gSaA** ml yM+ds ls iwNus ij mlus bruh lPpkbZ dk izn’kZu fd;k vkSj dgk] ^^;g lp ugha fd

ckcw us rackdw nhA** Ik;Zos{kd eu&gh&eu pkSad x;kA fetkZ [kku ds iqu% cksyus yxrs gh ^pqi jgks* dgdj mlus gels dgk] ^^bl

/kekZarj.k ds ckjs esa vki D;k dgkuk pkgrs gSa\** eSaus dgk] ^^la{ksi esa esjh ekax ;g gS fd mifuos’k esa fdlh Hkh O;fDr us dqjku vFkok

ckbfcy dk v/;;u djds bZekunkjh ds lkFk ;fn fganw /keZ dk R;kx djus dk fu’p; fd;k rks og izFker% vf/kdkjh dks bldh lwpuk

ns vkSj vf/kdkjh bldh iwNrkN djs fd bl ij fdlh us Ny&diV vFkok cyiwoZd l[rh cjrh gS ;k ughaA mlds Ik’pkr~ gh mls og

djus dh vuqefr ns] vkSj fQj Hkh ckfyx gksus ls igys fdlh Hkh fganw yM+ds ij vU; /keZ Lohdkjus ds fy, ewyr% ikcanh yxkbZ tk,A

;g gks xbZ lk/kkj.k mifuos’k dh ckrA ijarq vaneku ds canhx`g esa rks pkgs vYio;Ld gks ;k izkS<+] fdlh Hkh fganw dks ij/keZ esa tkus

dh dHkh vuqefr u nh tk,A** bl ij Ik;Zos{kd us dgk] ^^mifuos’k dk iz’u eSa deh’ku ds lkeus izLrqr d:axkA dkjkxkj ls lacaf/kr

esjh jk; ;g gS fd ;fn dksbZ LosPNkiwoZd /kekZarj.k djus yxs rks Hkyk ge mls D;ksa jksdsa\ gk] l[rh vFkok izyksHku fn[kkdj vc eSa

fdlh Hkh fganw dks ij/keZ esa ugha tkus nwaxkA** chp esa gh Øks/k ls elelkdj ckjh us dgk] ^^,slk djuk Hkh

254

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gekjs fy, dfBu gh gksxk] D;ksafd ljdkj us lHkh dks /kkfeZd Lora=rk nh gSA** eSaus dgk] ^^/kkfeZd Lora=rk ds fy, gh eSa dg jgk gwa

fd fdlh Hkh fganw dks ij/keZ esa ugha tkus fn;k tk,A nksuksa /keksZa ds fopkj lqudj fQj ;fn dksbZ ij/keZ dks Lohdkj djs rks dgk tk

ldrk gS fd og /kkfeZd Lora=rk ds rŸokuq:i gks x;k] ijarq bl dkjkxkj esa eqlyeku vf/kdkjh gh izcy gksus ds dkj.k os viuh

ckr j[k ysrs gSa] tcfd ge fganqvksa dks viuh ckr izLrqr djus dh tjk lh Hkh Lora=rk ugha gSA tSls ;fn eq>s fdlh canh ls ckr djrs

fdlh us ns[kk rks mls vkSj eq>s naM fn;k tkrk gSA vr% bl izdkj ds fucZa/kksa dk vFkZ bruk gh gksxk fd eqlyekuksa dks vius cycwrs

ij Hkh muds /keZ dk i{k izLrqr% djus dh Lor=ark gksxh] ijarq fganqvksa dks ml Lora=rk ls oafpr jguk iM+sxkA** rc ckjh us dgk]

^^fganw isVh vQlj vkSj raMsy Hkh rks ;gka gSaA Hkyk os D;ksa ugha fganw /keZ dk i{k izLrqr djrs\** eSaus [kjh&[kjh lqukbZ fd fganw raMsy

vkfn ij vki yksxksa dh oØn`f”V gSA nwljh ckr ;g gS fd fganw raMsy fganw /keZ vkSj eqlyeku raMsy eqlyeku /keZ ij ;fn O;k[;ku]

fookn djrs jgs rks ;g dkjkx`g /keZ izpkj dk ,d vM~Mk cu tk,xkA ijarq vkids fu;kekuqlkj raMsykfn canh vf/kdkfj;ksa dks Hkh cafn;ksa

ls dkjkx`gh; dke ds vykok ,d Hkh ‘kCn cksyus dh vquefr ugha gSA rks fQj dkjkx`g dk vuq’kklu ;fn j[kuk gS rks vki mls bl

rjg /keZ izlkj dk vM~Mk dSls cuk ldrs gSa\** Ik;Zos{kd us chp esa gh dgk] ^^ijarq vki fganw yksx eqlyekuksa dks fganw D;ksa ugha cuk

ysrs\ ges’kk nwljksa dk gh uke ysdj gYyk D;ksa djrs gSa\**

rhoz vkSj [kjk vk{ksi

mudk ;g vk{ksi fdruk rhoz vkSj lR; Fkk] blfy, og eq>s pqHk x;kA eSaus dgk] ^^okLro esa ns[kk tk, rks fganqvksa dk ;g fu;e fd

fdlh dks Hkh vius /keZ vFkok lekt esa cykr~ ;k Ny&diV }kjk ugha [khapuk pkfg,] /kkfeZd Lora=rk ds mnkŸk rŸo ij gh vf/kf”Br

FkkA muds bl rŸo dks dksbZ Hkh Lohdkj djsxk fd /keZ dksbZ ,slh papy izo`fŸk ugha gS tks fxjfxV dh rjg jax cnyrh jgsxhA ijarq ,sls

Hk;adj iaFk dks VDdj nsus dk izlax vkus ds dkj.k blyke ryokj vkSj izyksHku dh rst /kkj ls gh /keZ izlkj mfpr vkSj {kE; ekurk

gSA vc ge Hkh le>us yxs gSa fd mu mnkŸk rŸoksa ls fpids jguk fganw /keZ dh gkfu djuk gSA ,sfrgkfld ‘kqf}dj.k ds mnkgj.k NksM+s]

ijarq de&ls&de ;g rks vkius lquk gksxk fd vesfjdk ls ykSVrs le; foosdkuan us fel ukscy dks fganw /keZ dh nh{kk nh vkSj mUgsa

fuosfnrk cuk;kA ;gka ij

255

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gekjs xazFkky; esa fuosfnrkth dh iqLrdsa gSaA vki Lo;a gh nsf[k,] lR; gS ;k feF;kA ;g lR; ugha fd fganw yksx blfy, vU; /keZ

ekuusokyksa dks mins’k ugha nsrs fd mUgsa Lo/keZ ds nqcZy gksus dk Hk; gSA mudh ;g mnkŸk Hkkouk gS fd ;fn equ”; lk/kuk djs rks eks{k

izkIr djds gh jgsxk] pkgs og fdlh Hkh /keZ dk vuq;k;h gksA fo’o esa dsoy ,d gh /keZ gSA os /keZ dks] lekt dh ‘kfDr dks ,d

lk/ku dh n`f”V ls ns[krs gh ughaA esjs fopkj ls ;g ,sfgd n`f”V ls rFkk lkekftd thou&n`f”V ls Hkh vuqfpr gSA ijarq ewyHkwr rŸo

eSaus Li”V fd;k vkSj fujis{k n`f”V ls ns[kk tk, rks mldh vkR;afrd mnkjrk oknkrhr gSA** ;g lc lqudj ikiklDr fetkZ ds rksrs mM+

x,A

ml Ik;Zos{kd dh izo`fŸk lnkfHk:fpiw.kZ FkhA og ;FkklaHko fu”i{k O;ogkj djuk pkgrk FkkA mlds ckjs esa igys Hkh fy[kk gS vkSj vkxs

pydj Hkh fy[kk tk,xkA gekjk okŸkkZyki og ‘kkar fpŸk ls lqu jgk FkkA mldh eqnzk ls ,slk izrhr gks jgk Fkk fd mlds eu ij xaHkhj

izHkko iM+k gSA dqN vf/kd u cksyrs gq, mlus cl bruk gh dgk] ^^vkidh ckrksa ij eSa fopkj d:axkA vHkh eSa cl bruk gh vkns’k

nsrk gwa fd ml czkã.k yM+ds dks fganqvksa ds lkFk gh Hkkstu djuk gksxkA ;fn bl fdlh us eqlyekuh Hkkstu fn;k vFkok fdlh Hkh rjg

ls rax fd;k rks ;kn j[kksA le>k] vafre ckj le>ksA** ;g ‘kCn mlus fetkZ [kku dh vksj ladsr dj tSls gh dgs] yxHkx ?kqVuksa rd

flj rd gkFk >qdkrs gq, ml ikikLkDr [kku us FkjFkj dkairs gq, lyke fd;k vkSj fQj og Ik;Zos{kd ogka ls pyk x;kA

eqlyekuksa dks ;g psrkouh feyus ls ;|fi ,d dke rks gks x;k] rFkkfi okLrfod dfBukbZ rks vkxs dh FkhA ;|fi Ik;Zos{kd us dgk Fkk

fd ml yM+ds dks eqlyeku ugha gksus fn;k tk,xk] mls fganqvksa dh iafDr esa cSBkvksa] rFkkfi fganqvksa dh iafDr mls vius esa dSls lek ys]

D;kasfd og rks ,d&nks fnu eqlyekuh iafDr esa Hkkstu dj pqdk FkkA bruk >xM+k dj eqlyekuksa dk nq”V mn~ns’; rks foQy dj fn;k]

ijarq vc bu fganqvksa ds vkxs D;k djs\ ckjh us ;g dfBukbZ raqjr Hkkai yh] ijarq igys fnu og pqi jgk] D;kasfd Ik;Zos{kd us mls Hkh

nck;k FkkA b/kj ge lans’k Hkst&Hkstdj Fkd x,A fganqvksa esa [kqlj&Qqlj izkjaHk gks xbZ fd ge mlds lkFk ikar esa ugha cSaBsxsA vaneku esa

fganqvksa ds fofHkUu Hksn ugha ekus tkrsA lHkh fganw gkFk Hkj ds varj esa ,d gh iafDr esa cSBrs vkSj eqlyeku nwljh iafDr esaA vr% dbZ

fganqvksa dks fuosnu fd;kA dgk] ^^vjs] ;g fetkZ vius cPpksa dks izFker% viuh ikih Hkksx&ykylk ij cfy p<+kdj mudk /keZ cyiwoZd

Nhurk gSA vkt igyh ckj mldh flV~Vh&fiV~Vh xqe gqbZ gSA ml ij gekjh vPNh&[kklh /kke te xbZ gSA brus eas vki dgsaxs] bl

yM+ds dks fganw iafDr esa ugha ysaxs rks ckjh izfro`Ÿk ¼fjiksVZ½ Hkstdj Ik;Zos{kd dh Hkh

256

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


f[kYyh mM+k,xk( D;kasfd mlus gekjs i{k esa fu.kZ; fn;k gSA tks fetkZ [kku vkt nc x;k gS] ogh dy iqu% ge fganqvksa dh Nkrh ij ewax

nysxkA** ukuk <ax ls mUgsa le>k;kA ijarq os fuiV vukM+h] va/kJ} fganw yksx Li”V :Ik ls ^Bhd gS* ,slk ugha dg jgs FksA gekjs dgus

ls mudh rqf”V rks ugha gqbZ rFkkfi var esa ,d&nks tuksa us gekjs lkeus gkFk tksM+sA gekjs fy, muds eu esa vknjHkko gksus ds dkj.k os

f[kfl;k x, vkSj mUgksaus ;g Lohdkj fd;k fd iafDr ds ,d Nksj ij ge cSaBs vkSj gekjs fudV og ;qod cSBsA ;g lc pksjh&fNis feTkkZ

[kku vkSj ckjh dh vka[k cpkdj djuk FkkA fdruh eqlhcr Fkh!

ijarq var esa /khjs&/khjs ftrus Hkh fganw gels fey x, Fks] muds ikl fganw iafDr esa og cSBus yxkA ckjh dh ;g pkg Vka;&Vka; fQLl gks

xbZA ijarq Ik;Zos{kd }kjk vafre fu.kZ; dqN Hkh u nsus ds dkj.k eqlyeku Hkhrj ls iz;kl djrs jgs FksA varj cl bruk vkSj egŸoiw.kZ

Fkk fd vc os igys tSlh /kekpkSdM+h ugha epkrsA ?kcjk, vkSj lges&lges ls jgrsA ijarq muds eu esa gekjs izfr fo}s”k vkSj Hkh rhoz

gks x;k rFkk ckjh tks igys muds /kekZarj.k dk;ZØe dk bruk fojks/k ugha djrk Fkk] vc xqIr :i ls mUgsa izksRlkfgr djus yxkA

‘kqf} dk;Z dk izR;{k ‘kqHkkjaHk

vc mifuos’k esa ;g ckr lc tku x, fd canhx`g esa mu eqlyekuksa dks eSaus jksdk] tks Hkz”Vhdj.k dk iz;kl dj dj jgs FksA dqN

canhoku mŸkj fganqLFkku ds Fks] ftUgksaus vk;Zlekft;ksa ds dqN Hkk”k.k lqus FksA muesa ls nks&rhu O;fDr;ksa us izR;{k lg;ksx nsuk vkjaHk

fd;kA gekjs vaneku tkus ls iwoZ gh dqN mRlkgh yksxksa us ogka ,d NksVk lk vk;Zlekt dsanz Lfkkfir fd;k Fkk] ijarq mlesa izpkj dk;Z

vFkok fdlh Hkh rjg dk vkanksyu laxfBr :i ls pykus dh ‘kfDr drbZ ugha FkhA LokHkkfod gS] bl ckr dh dYiuk Hkh fdlh esa ugha

Fkh fd vaneku esa ‘kqf}dj.k ds iz;kl dh ckr lqudj larks”k gqvk vkSj /khjs&/khjs mudk lg;ksx Hkh feyus yxk] ;g Hkh dqN lk/kkj.k

ckr ugha FkhA vkxs pydj muesa ls ,d&nks tuksa us vaneku esa ml vkanksyu dk] ftls geus vkjaHk fd;k Fkk] mYys[kuh; usr`Or fd;k

vkSj cM+s mRlkgiwoZd ;g dk;Z vkxs pyk;kA mlesa dqN ^Lora=* vf/kdkjh Hkh ‘kkfey FksA

,sls gh cafn;ksa esa ls tks ns’k ls vk;Zlekt ds rŸo djds vk, Fks&,d fganw nafMr blh le; mifuos’k esa naM Hkqxrdj iqu% tsy esa can

fd;k x;k FkkA cnek’kh] f<BkbZ esa og fdlh eqlyeku xqaMs dk yksgk ugha ekurk FkkA ns’k esa vktUe

257

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dkjkokl dk naM Hkqxrus ij vaneku esa Hkh bu egk’k; us /khaxkeq’rh] minzo] canhokl ls Hkkxuk] ekjihV] vQhe cspuk vkfn lc fd,

rks blls eqlyeku xqaMksa ij Hkh mudk jksc te x;kA mlds fganw fe= dh vksj VsM+h utj ls fn[kus dk lkgl vc os ugha djrs] D;kasfd

mlds ifjfpr vFkok Lusgkafdr euq”; dks rax djus dk ;fn fdlh us iz;lk fd;k rks og lHkh fucZa/k rkd ij j[kdj mldh /kqukbZ

djrk ;k mldh dybZ [kksydj mldk loZuk’k djrkA lkSHkkX; ls bl fganw canhoku dh bl <hB cnek’kh dks eqlyeku cnek’kksa dh rjg

gh Lo/kekZfHkeku rFkk Lotkfr vfHkeku dh FkksM+h&cgqr /kkj fey xbZ FkhA gekjs ‘kqf} iz;Ruksa ls eqlyekuksa dh tks eku[kaMUkk g qbZ] mlls

mldks cM+ ldwu feyk vkSj mlus gekjh lgk;rk djus dk opu fn;kA geus Hkh Bku fy;k fd ftu iqjkus nq”Vksa ls ges a yM+uk iM+ jgk

gS vkSj ;s tkrh; dk;Z laiUUk djus iM+ jgs gSa] muesa xkyh&xykSt] pksjh&pdkjh] ekj&dkV vkfn chHkRl rfkk uhp ‘kL=ksa ls tw>us d s

fy, ^/k`”V&ls&/k`”V] mn~naM&ls&mn~naM* vFkkZr~ ^tSls&dks&rSlk* uhfr ls eqlyekuh xaqMksa ds nkar rksM+us ds fy, fg anw xaqMksa dk gkFk FkkesaA mlh

ds vuqlkj bl canh dks geus igyk dke ;g crk;k fd iPphl o”khZ; ,d fganw ;qod] tks igys eqlyeku cuk Fkk] vc iqu% fganw cuuk

pkgrk gS] vr% mldk ekeyk gkFk esa ysdj ikj yxkvksA

,d ckj Ik;Zos{kd us gels dgk Fkk] vki yksx dsoy fpYykrs gSa fd eqlyeku fganqvksa dks /keZHkz”V djrs gSaA vki fganw eqlyekuksa dks fganw

D;ksa ugha cukrs\ mldh bl pqukSfr dk gesa ,d ckj mŸkj nsuk gh FkkA vius fufnZ”V tkR;kfHkekuh fganw canh dk lg;ksx feyrs gh

geus vaneku ds dkjkx`g esa gh ‘kqf} laLdkj laiUu djds ml ;qod dks] tks pkj&ikap o”kksZa rd eqlyeku cudj jgk Fkk] fganw /keZ dh

iqunhZ{kk nsus dk fu’p; fd;kA ml nafMr us brus mRlkg ds lkFk bl dk;Z esa ru&eu ,d fd;k fd ,d vkSj /keZHkz”V fganw yM+ds dks]

ftlls mldh xk<+h Nurh Fkh] iqu% fganw cuus ds fy, jkth fd;k vkSj fdlh dh /kkSal dh ijokg u djrs gq, izdV :i esa ;g dk;Z

fl} dj fy;kA ;|fi og ,slk iDdk cnek’k Fkk tks vusd naM Hkqxr pqdk Fkk] rFkkfi jktcanh u gksus ds dkj.k mls ,d dkj[kkus esa

nl&chl cafn;ksa ij fu;qDr fd;k x;k FkkA ge dksBjhcan bekjr esa can iM+s Fks] vr% geus mlls vius dkj[kkus esa gh vaneku dk

izFke ‘kqf} dk;Z laIkUu djus ds fy, dgkA

nks tuksa dks iqu% fganw cuok;k x;k

,d jfookj ds fnu lHkh canh diM+s /kksus dh /kka/kyh esa Fks vkSj fetkZ [kku vkfn eqlyeku vf/kdkjh mudh fuxjkuh esa O;Lr Fk sA mlh

le; mifj fufnZ”V fganw

258

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


^eqdkne* mu nksuksa ;qodksa dks ,d vksj ys x;kA Lukukfn ls fuo`Ÿk gksdj u, oL= /kkj.k dj mu nksuksa us nks&rhu fganqvksa ds l keus

izkFkZuk dh fd ge iqu% fganw /keZ esa vkuk pkgrs gSaA mUgsa rqylh&i= f[kyk;k x;k] mUgsa xhrk ds ‘yksd rFkk rqylh jkek;.k dk v/;k;

lquk;k x;k] fQj ‘kqf} lekjksg ds miYk{; esa izlknLo:i xqIr :i ls cuok;k x;k gyok ¼lR;ukjk;.k dk izlkn½ lHkh fganqvksa esa ckaVk

x;kA fetkZ [kku dks ;g lc Kkr gks] blls igys gh izR;sd canh viuh&viuh dksBjh esa tkdj cSB x;kA ml fnu ls mu nks yM+dksa us

uekt i<+uk NksM+ fn;kA ge lc mUgsa fganw uke ls iqdkjus yxsa eqlyeku mUgsa eqlyekuh uke ls iqdkjrs] rc os mUgsa dksbZ mŸkj ugha

nsrsA os iqu% rqylh jkek;.k i<+us yxs vkSj fganqvksa dh iafDr esa Hkkstu djus yxsA

>ViV ‘kqf} lekjksg dk ;g vfHk;ku vf/kdkjh vaneku ds cafn;ksa esa Hkkjh [kycyh ep xbZA dqN fnuksa rd eqlyeku vf/kdkjh vkSj

ckjh us Hkh pqIih lk/k yh] D;kasfd mUgas ;g Mj Fkk fd ;fn mUgksaus Ik;Zos{kd ls f’kdk;r dh rks gesa lkjs xM+s eqjns m[kkM+us dk lgt gh

cgkuk feysxkA fQj Hkh eqlyekuksa dks vc Hkh vk’kk Fkh fd esjs iz;klksa dk nks&pkj fnu ds ckn fganw yksx izfrdkj fd, fcuk ugha jgsaxsA

fganqvksa }kjk fganwdj.k dk fojks/k

vkSj var esa ogh lR; fl} gqvkA D;ksafd ogka ds ,d fganw raMsy us fganw cafn;ksa esa gekjs bu ‘k qf}d`r fganqvksa dks iqu% fganqvksa dh ikar esa

cSBkus dh ps”Vk ls Qsys gq, xqIr vlarks”k dks eq[kj fd;k vkSj gekjs Åij ty dks Nwus dh ikcanh yxkbZA jktcafn;ksa dk ncnck gksus ds

dkj.k os izdV :i esa fdlh vf/kdkjh ds ikl izfrokn djus vFkok vfHk;ksx djus ugha x,] rFkkfi fganw yksxksa ds bu raMsyksa ds fiV~Bvksa

us xqipqi pqVfd;ka Hkjus dk Hkjld iz;kl fd;kA gesa gekjs eaqg ij ^Hkaxh ckcw* tSlh mikf/k iznku djus esa Hkh Bkdqjksa us de ;ksxnku

ugha fd;kA

;gha ij ;g Hkh dg nsuk mi;qDr gS fd fnu&izfrfnu bl ^Hkaxh ckcw* dk gh ;g i{k fd Hkaxh ckcw og O;fDr gS tks eqlyeku cus

O;fDr ds lkFk Hkh mls fganw cukdj Hkkstu djrk gS] bruk rsth ds lkFk c<+us yxk fd var esa mu izeq[k yksxksa esa tks /kekZarj.k ij xoZ

djrs Fks] Lo;a ^Bkdqj* raMsy Hkh ‘kkfey gks x,( D;kasfd nks&rhu o”kksZa ds Hkhrj gh Bkdqj canh fganqRo dk dV~Vj izpkjd cu x;k vkSj

;FkklaHko gekjh lgk;rk djus yxkA

bl ‘kqf}dj.k dk lekpkj geus Lo;a Ik;Zos{kd ds dkuksa esa ugha Mkyk] D;ksafd ;fn ckjh eqlyekuksa dh rjg gh fganqRo dk izpkj djus esa

jksM+s u vVdkrs gq, gesa volj nsus yxk rks Hkyk ge O;FkZ D;ksa >xM+k mifLFkr djsa\ okLro esa ckjh ds fy,

259

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fganw /keZ ejs ;k eqlyeku /keZ ejs] ,d gh ckr FkhA mls eqlyekuksa dk i{k blfy, fiz; Fkk fd os mlds fucZa/kksa ds fo:} tc pkgs rc

ekjihV djrs vkSj jktcanh D;kasfd fganw Fks] blfy, eqlyekuksa dks mu ij j[kuk vf/kd lqjf{kr FkkA gekjs ‘kqf}dj.k ds fo:} izdV

:i esa dqN djus ls ;g ekeyk Ik;Zos{kd rd tk,xk vkSj Ik;Zos{kd us tSlkfd igys gekjk dguk FkksM+k&cgqr lquk Fkk] bl dkj.k ;g

Hkh fuf’pr ugha Fkk fd og ckjh ds fo:} ugha tk,xkA ,slh ck/kkvksa ds dkj.k gekjh igyh nks&pkj ‘kqf};ksa ds fo:} Ik;Zos{kd rd

f’kdk;r dqN [kkl ugha gqbZA

lhykuh bZlkbZ dh ‘kqf}

geus viuk ‘kqf} dk;Z lrr tkjh j[kkA ,d ckj lhyksu ds rhu&pkj f’kf{kr yksx dqN ekj&ihV vkSj gR;k vkfn vijk/k esa nafMr

gksdj vaneku esa vktUe dkjkokl ij vk,A mudk gekjs jktcafn;ksa ls ifjp; gqvkA muesa ls nks&rhu dks rks geus] tSlkfd ihNs of.kZr

gS] laLFkk dk ‘kiFkc} lnL; Hkh cuk fy;k A buesa ls ,d lhykus esa gh bZlkbZ cu x;k FkkA vkrs&tkrs mldks Hkh mins’k ds ?kwaV

fiyk&fiykdj fganw gksus dh izkFkZuk dh xbZA muesa tks nks Fks] mUgsa dkjkxkj ls cjh gksrs gh mifuos’k esa vPNh&[kklh ys[kd dh txg fey

xbZ FkhA mlh rjg dh txg ge gj izdkj dh ps”Vk ls rqEgsa nsaxs] rqe fpark er djuk vkfn O;kogkfjd fn’kk dh ppkZ djrs&lqurs

vkf[kj og fganw cuus ds fy, rS;kj gks x;kA var esa gekjh ‘kh/kz ‘kqf} laLdkj i}fr ls mls Hkh ‘kq} dj fy;k x;kA tc og iqu%

vk;k rc bl ‘kqf}d`r dkaM dk >a>V ofj”B vf/kdkjh rd tk igaqpkA gka] bl ckr dks Lej.k j[kuk gksxk fd ogka ds vaxzst

vf/kdkfj;ksa us ,d bZlkbZ dks iqu% fganw fd;k] blfy, fdlh izdkj dk Øks/k] [kht dk izn’kZu ugha fd;kA dsoy ogh iwNrkN dh] tk s

mfpr FkhA

caxkyh ckyd dks cpk;k

blds dqN vkxs&ihNs gh eSaus lquk fd eqlyekukas us ,d caxkyh fganw yM+ds dks /keZHkz”V djus dk “kM~;a= fd;k gSA bl yM+ds ij xk atk

ihus dh yr vFkok lh rjg ds fdlh vfopkj ds dkj.k fdlh dks Nqjk ?kksaIkus ls lglk gR;k djus dk vkjksi FkkA og vBkjg o”kZ dk

gksxkA dkjkx`g esa vkrs gh fetkZ [kkuh iki&okluk dk f’kdkj cukdj mls eqlyekuh vf/kdkj esa j[kus dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ FkhA blds

Ik’pkr~ tc

260

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


,slk izrhr gqvk fd og muesa fgy x;k gS] mls jhfr ds vuqlkj eqlyeku cukus dh ;kstuk cukbZ xbZA ;g lekpkj feyrs gh eSaus ,d

;qok fganw canh ls ml yM+ds dks muls rksM+us ds fy, dgkA bl canh dks blh rjg de vk;q esa dkysikuh ij vk, gq, yxHkx nl o”kZ

chr x, FksA ;g vaneku ds ukeh xqaMksa esa ls ,d FkkA mlds ikl foiqy /ku FkkA og nl&ckjg fxfUu;ka ml [kksiM+h¹55 esa lgtrkiwoZd

j[krk FkkA

og pkj ckj lkgl tqVkdj mifuos’k ls Hkkxdj pkj&pkj eghus ?kus taxy esa Nqidj cSBk jgk FkkA foinkvksa esa f?kjus ls vFkok

vKkuo’k mu nq”Vksa dh cLrh esa thfor jgus ds fy, ;|fi mls vkir~dkyhu iki djus iM+s Fks] rFkkfi mlds àn; ij nq”Vrk dh Nk;k

j[krk] mlds fy, foinkvksa] d”V lgus dh iwjh bZekunkjh mlesa FkhA ;g r; gks x;k fd ftl d{k esa eqlyekuksa us ml caxkyh yM+ds

dks j[kk Fkk] mlh d{k esa og fganw ;qod tkdj jgs vkSj mudk lkjk HkaMk QksM+ nsA ;|fi jktcanh bl d{k esa ls ml d{k esa ugha tk

ldrs Fks] og dke Lo;a ckjh djrk Fkk] rFkkfi vU; cafn;ksa dk d{k ifjorZu dk dk;Z lk/kkj.kr;k ,d eqa’kh us cM+h lgtrk ls cafn;ksa

dh vnYkk&cnyh djrs le; ml ;qod dks ml caxkyh ;qod ds d{k esa fcydqy mlds ikl dh dksBjh esa jgus ds fy, Hkst fn;kA m/kj

vkB&fnu fnuksa esa gh og caxkyh ;qod ml fganw ;qod ls izse djus yxkA mls FkksM+s ls mPp Lrjh; mins’k ls tks ns’k] tkfr vkfn xaHkhj

izd`fr dks tkxzr djrk Fkk] mlus lwfpr fd;k fd mldks /keZHkz”V djus ds fy, dSlh&dSlh ;kstuk,a cukbZ tk jgh gSaA ml ;qod us ;g

Hkh dgk fd ;|fi eu&gh&eu og fetkZ [kku vkfn eqlyekuksa ls fo}s”k j[krk gS] rFkkfi muds vR;kpkjksa rFkk mRihM+u ds Mj ls og

mudk izR;{k izfrdkj ugha dj ldrkA vki gh mudk izfrca/k djsa] ,slk ml yM+ds us dgkA ;g fuf’pr gksrs gh

55

[kksiM+h&cs’keZ] <hB vkSj os canhoku] ftUgsa vusd ckj naM gqvk gSA naM gksus ij canhokl tkus ls iwoZ os vius eqag dh ekal dh Fksyh

esa nzO; Hkjdj j[krs] rkfd canhokl esa /ku dh dksbZ deh u gksA eq[k esa xys ds FkksFks LFkku esa iM+s gq,] [kks[kys] iksys LFkku dks canh yksx

^[kksiM+h* dgrs gSaA lhls dh ,d xksyh Mksjs esa fijksdj mls eqag esa thHk ds rys ,d vksj j[krsA og ogka dk ekal [kkrh gqbZ uhps ds

[kks[kys LFkku ij mrjrh jgrh gSA i’kq dh tqxkyh djus dh tks ekal dh isVh gksrh gS] og LFkku rc ls can iM+k gS tc ls euq”; us

mldk mi;ksx djuk NksM+ fn;k gSA og xksyh iwjk ekal Hk{k.k djrs&djrs iqu% mlh FkSyh dk fuekZ.k djrh gSA fQj ml xksyh dks ca/kh gqbZ

Mksj ls [khapdj fudkyk tkrk gSA eq[k fLFkr ml izkdfrD FkSyh esa iSls] ,dk/k Nqjh vkfn lkeku canhoku Nqik ldrs gSaA fgpdh ds lkFk

mls ckgj fudkyk tkrk gSA vU;Fkk MkWDVj dks Hkh og ugha fn[krk] u gh MkWDVj mls ckgj fudky ldrs gSaA Hkkstu djrs le; Hkh dksbZ

dfBukbZ ugha gksrhA

261

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ml fganw ;qod us esjh lykg ls ml fnu rd] ftl fnu eqlyekuksa }kjk mls ;FkklaLdkj /keZHkz”V djus dh lwpuk feyh Fkh] pqIih

lk/kdj mu lHkh dks ,su ekSds ij jaxs gkFk idM+okus dh ;kstuk cukbZ ,d jfookj ds fnu ml d{k ds raMsy us Lo;a ml ;qod ds

Hkz”Vhdj.k dk pksjh&pksjh usr`Ro djus gsrq ml ;qod dks ;g vkns’k fn;k fd vU; cafn;ksa ds lkFk dksBjh esa can u jgrs gq, ckgj gh

jgksA blds Ik’pkr~ ikap&nl eqlyeku gkSt ds ikl fdlh dh vksV esa cSBdj ml yM+ds dks cgdkus ds fy, dkjkx`g ds ckgj ls yk;k

gqvk tysch dk nksuk ys vk,A blds ckn vius gkFkksa ty iznku djus] tysch f[kykus vkSj mlds Ik’pkr~ Lo;a Hkh tysch ij gkFk lkQ

djus dh lkjh rS;kjh ds Ik’pkr~ muesa ls ,d O;fDr ml Hkkstu lekjksg dks izkjaHk djus dk vlyh dkj.k ml ;qod dks le>krs gq,

mls eqlyekuh ^dyek* Hkh i<+kus yxkA mls chp&chp esa ;g /kkSal Hkh nh tkrh fd ;fn rw eqlyeku ugha cuk rks ge le>saxs] rw vkt

rd gekjs fn, gq, ^vkjke* dk dqN Hkh mi;ksx u dj ldk] rqe d`r?u O;fDr gks vkSj rqEgsa dBksj ifjJe ds dkeksa esa yxk;k tk,xkA

bl rjg Mjk&/kedkdj dyek i<+us dk lekjksg vksV esa tkjh gh Fkk] brus esa vpkud dkjkx`g ds ,d xksjs vf/kdkjh ds lkFk og fganw

;qod ml pkaMky pkSdM+h ds lkeus vk /kedkA ;g ns[kdj fd eqlyeku raMsy b/kj O;Lr gks x;k gS] og pqids ls bl d{k ls ckgj

fudy iM+k FkkA mlds iSls ds cks> ds rys ncs gq, okWMZj vkfn lHkh yksx mldk dqN vf/kd izfrjks/k ugha djrsA ml d{k ls ckgj

fudyrs gh og lh/ks dkjkx`g ds dk;kZy; esa x;k vkSj ogka mifLFkr ,d xksjs mi&vf/kdkjh dks ;g dgk fd eSa ,d pksjh idM+okuk

pkgrk gwaA og xksjk vf/kdkjh ml vLi”V lekpkj dh iwNrkN djus py iM+kA eqlyekuksa ds Hkz”Vhdj.k dk le; igys ls gh Kkr gksus

ls og fganw ;qod ml xksjs vf/kdkjh ds lkeus mu eqlyekuksa vkSj ml ;qod dks tysfc;ksa rFkk uekt ds lkFk idM+okus esa lQy gks

x;kA

og eqlyeku raMsy ikuh&ikuh gks x;kA ml yM+ds dks dksBjh esa can u djuk] mls vius ikl cSBkuk] dkjkx`g esa pksjh&fNis tysfc;ka

ykuk] izfrca/k ds fo:} vU; cafn;ksa dks bdV~Bk djuk vkfn dkjkxkjh; vijk/k gh mldk ?keaM rksM+us ds fy, Ik;kZIr FksA blds lkFk gh

,d fganw dks cyiwoZd eqlyeku cukus ds u, vijk/k dh tksM+ ml fganw ;qod us vf/kdkjh dks iwoZ dgkuh dgrs gq, le>kbZA vfHk;ksx

pyk;k x;kA ml raMsy dks cpkus dk ckjh dk Hkh lkgl ugha gqvkA Ik;Zos{kd ds lkeus vfHk;ksx ds pyrs ml caxkyh ;qod us vius

dFku esa lkjh lR; fLFkfr mtkxj dj nhA vFkkZr~ Ik;Zos{kd ij mldk ;Fkksfpr izHkko gqvkA mlus bl ckr ij xkSj fd;k fd vkt rd

ge tks ;g izfrokn djrs vk, gSa fd eqlyekuksa dh

262

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


uhp /kekZa/krk ls fganw canhoku fdrus ihfM+r gSa] mlesa fdruk rF; Fkk vkSj fdruh lPpkbZ FkhA bl vfHk;ksx esa eqlyekuksa us gekjs uke

dks Hkh crkdj ;g dgk fd ge eqlyekuksa dks fganw cukrs gSaA rc lgt gh gekjk cqykok vk x;kA vFkkZr~ geus ;g vkjksi Lohdkj

fd;k vkSj geus Ik;Zos{kd dks iwoZ esa fd, x,A okŸkkZyki dk Lej.k fnykrs gq, dgk] ^^vki gh us gesa pqUkkSfr nh Fkh u fd fganw

eqlyekuksa dks /keZHkz”V D;ksa ugha djrsA*

vc jksus dh ckjh eqlyekuksa dh

gks ldrk gS] bl pqukSfr dk xw<+ vFkZ ;g gks fd eqlyeku bruk nqcZy ugha gksrk] tks /keZHkz”V gks tk, vkSj fganw /keZ esa vius

vuq;kf;;ksa dks laHkkyus dh Hkh ‘kfDr ugh gksrh] fQj vkØe.k dh rks ckr gh nwj! Ijarq vc vkius vkSj eqlyekuksa us bl ckr dks ns[kk

gh gksxk fd ;g xyr /kkj.kk gS vkSj ;fn Bku gh ysa rks fganw Hkh ij/kfeZ;ksa dks vkRelkr dj ldrs gSaA izFker% fganw izfrokn djrs fd

eqlyeku gesa /keZHkz”V djrs gSaA dkjkx`g esas ;fn ;g nq”deZ can djuk gS rks mldk ,dek= mik; ;gh gS fd ljdkjh <ax ls rks fdlh

dks Hkh canhok ds /kekZarj.k dh vuqefr ugha nh tk,xh vkSj uke ifjorZu rFkk fo/kehZ iafDr esa lgHkkstu&bl rjg ds /kekZarj.k dks

ljdkj Lohdkj ugha djsxhA

blds ckn FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa Ik;Zos{kd us dfe’uj dh lEefr ls mi;qZDr vk’k; dk vkns’k canhiky ckjh dks ns fn;k vkSj dkexkjks a esa

fdlh Hkh fganw dks [kqysvke /keZHkz”V djds eqlyekuksa dh iafDr esa cSBkus vFkok /kekaZrj.k djus dh ppkZ NsM+us ij ikcanh yxkb Z xbZA bl

vkns’k ls dkjkx`g esa eqlyekuksa dk lkjk O;olk; gh Bi gks x;kA fganqvksa us og O;olk; dHkh vkjaHk gh ugha fd;k FkkA dkjkx`g esa

eqlyekuh /kekZa/krk dh ukM+h <hYkh iM+ xbZA

;g izca/k gksrs gh nks ckrksa dh lko/kkuh cjruk vko’;d FkkA ,d rks ;g fd bl fucZa/kkuqlkj eqlyekuksa dk vkpj.k Bhd gS ;k ugha

rFkk mUgsa fganw ;qodksa vkSj cPpksa ds lkFk fudVrk c<+kus dk volj ugha nsukA nwljh ckr ;g fd dkjkxkj esa izR;{k% fdlh dks

eqlyeku cukuk ;|fi fu;e fo:} gks x;k Fkk] rc Hkh xqIr :i ls fdlh dks ijs’kku djuk ;k yksHk fn[kkdj dkjkx`g ls NwVrs gh

mifuos’k esa [kqys :i esa bLyke /keZ Lohdkj djus ds fy, lger djuk dHkh Hkh laHko Fkk] blfy, eqlyekuksa ds bu xqIr iz;klksa dks

dkjkx`g vkSj mifuos’k esa fganw rŸoksa }kjk jksdk tkuk vko’;d gSA bu nksuksa ds fy, gesa fuHkZ; rFkk <hB cafn;ksa dk vPNk lg;ksx

263

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izkIr gks x;kA os xaqMkxnhZ eas Hkh eqlyeku xqaMksa dks vPNh rjg lh/kk djrsA buesa mu O;fDr;ksa dh rjg gh] ftudk Åij mYys[k fd;k

x;k gS] vusd O;fDr gekjs HkDr cu x, vkSj ,d vk’p;Ztud vuqHko gesa gqvkA og ;g fd xqaMs uke ls tkus tkusokys bu fganqvksa

dk lkekftd vkSj jk”Vªh; vfHkeku txkus dk dk;Z vR;ar ljy gSA vU; f’kf{kr ,oa Hkksys fganqvksa esa ;|fi ;g vfHkeku tkxzr fd;k

tkrk] rFkkfi izR;{k iz;kl esa ml vfHkeku ls Lo;a d”Vdj dk;Z djus dh {kerk cgqr FkksM+h gh gksxhA ijarq bl vkifŸk ¼ekjihV

vkfn½ls tw>s gq, fganw xaqMksa esa tc Lo/kekZfHkeku tkx tkrk gS rc mlds fy, yM+us&fHkM+us dh fgEer muesa rqjar fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA bldk

dkj.k Li”V gh FkkA xaqMksa esa lkgl vkSj vkRekfHkeku lgt gh Hkjk gksrk gS ;k bu ln~xq.kksa dk fod`r :i gh xqaMkxnhZ gSA varj cl

bruk gh Fkk fd ftu ln~xq.kksa dks nq”V d`R;ksa esa fuLrsftr fd;k tkrk Fkk] os vc fganw /keZ rFkk laLd`fr ds vfHkekuo’k Lotkfr;ksa dh

j{kk ds mnkŸk dk;Z esa yxus yxsA bl ;ksx ls ;|fi izFker% dqN xqaMs gekjs O;fDrxr izHkko rFkk gels izkIr vkfFkZd lgk;rko’k bl

jk”Vªh; dk;Z esa la?k”kZ djus ds fy, rS;kj gks x, rFkkfi lkglh ohjksa dh vaxhd`r dk;Z ij xoZ djus dh tks tUetkr izo`fŸk gksrh gS]

mlh ds ;ksxo’k os ckn esa ml dk;kZFkZ vR;f/kd fujis{k Hkko ls Lo;a ds vkRekfHkeku rFkk izse ls tqVs jgsA bruk gh ugha] muesa ls

vusd fu;eiwoZd ^rqylh jkek;.k* dk ikB djus yxs] f’k{kk xzg.k djus yxsA os yksx tks eD[khpwl ds :i esa [;kr Fks] /keZ dk;kZFkZ

vc Lo.kZ eqnzk fxudj nsus yxsA fganw canh yM+ds vkrs gh ge mUgsa cs[kVd muds gkFkksa lkSairsA bu fganw yM+dksa dh izse&ykylk] muds

‘kkSd vkfn dh Hkyh&cqjh [kkfe;ka ;gh xqaMs iwjh djus yxsA vr% ;s yM+ds vc eqlyekuksa ds gkFk ugha yxrs FksA

eqlyekuksa ds vR;kpkj fujLr

tSls&tSls fganw nafMrksa esa fganqRokfHkeku dk lapkj gksus yxk oSls&oSls eqlyeku gels tyus yxsA ckjh ds Qqlykus ij dHkh&dHkh gesa

vR;f/kd d”V lgus iM+rs] u dsoy ‘kkjhfjd&og rks ge >sy gh jgs Fks&vfirq ekufld ;kruk,a Hkh A dqN fnuksa rd ckjh ds Qqlykus

ij fetkZ [kku us ,d&nks eqlyeku okWMZjksa dks gesa chHkRl] Hkn~nh xkfy;ka nsrs gq, iwjs dkjkxkj esa tc th pkgs rc] ;gka&ogka dgha Hkh

vk&tk ldrs Fks] mUgsa dksbZ jksd&Vksd ugha FkhA gekjh dksBjh ds vFkok bekjr ds lkeus [kM+s jgdj os gesa vR;ar chHkRl xkfy;ka nsrs

gq, ?kaVksa [kM+s jgrs vkSj eqlyeku vf/kdkjh ;g rek’kk ns[krs gq, [kh&[kh djds nkar fuiksjrsA muds lkFk mlh chHkRlrk ls

264

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


yM+uk gekjs fy, rks vlaHko FkkA ;fn ge mUgsa okfg;kr] vaV&’kaV xkfy;ka cd Hkh nsrs rks mUgsa fdlh Hkh rjg dk ekufld d”V u

gksrkA os rks mlds vH;Lr Fks ghA ijarq mudh gj xkyh ls gekjs eu ij pksV yxrh] fQj HKh ge mUgsa pqipki lg tkrsA var esa dqN

fganw xaqMksa us] tks chHkRlrk rFkk vksNsiu esa fuiq.k Fks] tc mUgsa isap eas Qkalk rc dgha muds FkkscM+s can gq,A mUgsa ckjh dks mdlkuk Fkk]

blfy, mlls dksbZ izfrokn u djrsA ,d fganw okWMZj us ml eqlyeku okWMZj ls fNidj mlds fcLrj esa iSls] Nqfj;ka] rackdw vkfn

dkjkxkjh; fucZa/k&fojks/kh oLrq,a fNikdj j[k nha vkSj ftl fnu Ik;Zos{kd fujh{k.kkFkZ vk;k] mlh fnu vpkud mlds lkeus ml okWMZj

dk fcNkSuk idM+ok;kA vFkkZr~ fucaZ/k&fojks/kh oLrqvksa dks ikl jj[kus ds vijk/k esa ml eqlyeku okWMZj dks naM feyk vkSj mls ml dke

ls gVkdj dkjkxkj ds ckgj ,d dfBu dk;Z ds fy, Hkstk x;kA m/kj fganw yksxksa ds lkFk dqN p[kp[k gqbZ vkSj dke u djus ds

vijk/k esa mlij csar cjlk, x,A blh rjg vkSj nks&pkj eqlyeku raMsy vkSj isVh vQljksa dks Hkh vius jktcanh rFkk vU; lkfFk;ksa

dh lgk;rk ls isap esa Mkydj ^rksM+* Mkyk x;kA rc dgha ‘kqf}dj.k ds dkaM ls HkM+dh gqbZ eqlyekuh xqaMbZ ds gks’k fBdkus yxsA

tSlkfd ihNs o.kZu fd;k x;k gS] dkjkxkj fLFkr gekjh laLFkk esa f’k{kk ik, yksx tSls&tSls ckgj mifuos’kksa esa Qsyu s yxs] oSls&oSls ogka

Hkh ‘kqf} vkanksyu pyus yxkA fganw yksxksa esa fganqRo dh psruk tSls&tSls n`<+ gksrh xbZ oSls&oSls ij/kfeZ;ksa ds vR;kpkj ls =Lr dksbZ fganw

fn[krs gh mldk nq%[k viuk izrhr gksus yxkA blls fganw] fganqvksa ds izkar fo’ks”k vFkok tkfr fo’ks”k ladqfpr /keZHkz”V gqvk gS] ;g irk

pyrs gh mifuos’k ds usrk fganw cafn;ksa dk /;ku vius vki ml vksj tkus yxkA bl izdkj mu yksxksa dks Hkh] tks gekjs vaneku tkus ls

iwoZ vkB&vkB] nl&nl o”kZ iwoZ eqlyeku gks x, Fks] ‘kq} fd;k x;kA viuh ikar esa mUgsa Hkkstu ds fy, cSBkus esa vc fganw yksx

^uk&uq* ugha djrsA mnkgj.k ds fy, rqylh dh ckr dgwa] tks yxHkx ipkl dh vk;q dk FkkA ;g egk’k; tqvk] pksjh vkfn lHkh dk;ksZa

esa ?kqVk gqvk FkkA vaneku esa eqlyekuksa dk tksj ns[kdj vkSj fganqvksa ds [kku&iku dh d”Vizn :f<+;ksa ls mdrkdj og eqlyeku dk

tksj ns[kdj vkSj fganqvksa ds [kku&iku dh d”Vizn :f<+;ksa ls mdrkdj og eqlyeku cu x;k FkkA ijarq tc gekjs yksxksa ds lrr

mins’kksa ls ^[kku&iku ls fganw /keZ Mwc tkrk gS* tSlh ew[kZrkiw.kZ /kkj.kk dk fganw yksx R;kx djus yxs] rc rqylh dh Hkh fganw /keZ esa

ykSVus dh bPNk gqbZA mldk eqlyekuh uke bruk ifjfpr gks pqdk Fkk fd ml vius fganw uke dk Lej.k djuk iM+kA dkxtksa esa rks

mldh fxurh eqlyekuksa esa gksus gh yxh Fkh] ijarq tgka&rgka fganqRo dk cksyckyk lqurs gh

265

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


mldk Hkh vfHkeku tkxzr gks x;k vkSj yxHkx ianzg cjlksa ds ckn mlus iqu% fganw /keZ dks viuk;k vkSj rqylh uke /kkj.k fd;kA

izfrfnu og ^jkek;.k* dk ikB djus yxkA fcuk Hkwys ekFks ij fryd yxkus yxkA fganqvksa us Hkh mls lgtrkiw.kZ viuk lgHkksth cuk

fy;kA

[kku&iku ls fganw Hkz”V ugha gksrk

tSls&tSls Hkkstu laca/kh ;g vkifŸk nwj gksrh xbZ oSls&oSls eqlyekuksa ds fy, iqjkus Hkz”V fganqvksa dks laHkkyus rFkk u, fgan qvksa dks Hkz”V

djus esa cM+h dfBukbZ gksus yxhA vkt rd Lo;a fganw gh fdlh fganw dks fdlh eqlyeku }kjk ikuh fiykus ;k dqN [kkus dks nsus ij mls

eqlyeku le>dj cfg”d`r djrs FksA dgus dh vko’;drk ugah fd vkt] bl le; Hkh gekjs bl fganwLFkku esa ;g nq”V vkSj xaokj

/kkj.kk ‘kkL=h eaMfy;ksa esa Hkh izcy gSA bl ,d /kkj.kk ds dkj.k Hkz”V gq, fganqvksa esa ls ipkl izfr’kr yksx vrhr vkSj orZeku esa

ij/kehZ gks pqds gSaA fganqLFkku dh tc vkt ;g voLFkk gS rks fQj bldh dYiuk djuk dksbZ dfBu ugha fd mu xaokj] mtM~M ifrrksa ds

vaneku fLFkr mifuos’kkas dh D;k n’kk gksxhA vr% vaneku esa ljsvke bl :f<+ dks rksM+us ds fy, fd ^[kku&iku ls euq”; Hkz”V gksrk gS*

ge lrr iz;kl dj jgs gSa] vkSj ukuk izdkj ls mldk <dkslyk fganw canhokuksa ds eu ij vafdr dj jgs gSaA

;fn fganqvksa ds gkFk dk [kkdj eqlyeku fganw ugha gksrk] fganqvksa dk Hkkstu ipkdj eqlyeku gh jgrk gS] bZlkbZ bZlkbZ gh jgrk gS rks

fQj eqlyeku ds gkFk dk [kkrs gh vkidks /keZ dk nLr D;ksa gksus yxrk gS\ vkids fganqRo dh ‘kfDr {kh.k dSls gks xbZ\ vkidh

ikpu’kfDr ,slh gksuh pkfg, fd eqlyeku ds gkFk dk [kkdj] bZlkbZ ds gkFk dk tyiku djds iqu% fganw ds fganw gh jgsaA lkjs fo’o dk

vUu [kk;k] ij vki Hkw[ks&ds&Hkw[ks gh jgsA blfy, ca/kqvksa] vc gesa lkjs fo’o dk vUu xVd&ipkdj iqu% fganw&dk&fganw gh jguk gS]

ogh ,d mik; gSA bl rjg ukuk <ax ls ge fganqvksa dks le>krs jgsA izR;sd izlax esa ;g vFkZ muds eu ij vafdr djrs jgsA

mnkgj.kkFkZ ,d gh ?kVuk izLrqr djrk gwaA

fganw canh dk vu’ku

dHkh&dHkh vaneku esa dks;ys ls pyusokyh ukosa vkrh gSaA m/kj dks;ys dh pkSdh cukbZ xbZ gSA vkxs tkusokyh ukSdkvksa rFkk tgktk sa dks

vR;ar vko’;drk iM+us ij dks;yk fey lds] bruk laxzg ogka djds j[kk tkrk gSA ,d fnu blh rjg dks;ys ls Hkjk ,d tgkt vk

x;kA mls [kkyh djkus ds fy, fuR; fu;ekuqlkj

266

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


‘krkf/kd cafn;ksa dks dks;yk mrkjus ds dke ij rM+ds gh Hkstk x;kA dke dh ‘kh?kzrk gksus ls nksigj esa cafn;ksa dks Hkkstu u n srs gq,

nks&pkj eqV~Bh Hkqus pus ckaVs tkrs FksA izkr%dky ls rhu cts rd lrr dke djds cafn;ksa dh lsuk HkkstukFkZ iqu% mifuos’k esa ykSVrhA

lk/kkj.kr;k pus dh cksfj;ka&dqN fganqvksa dh vkSj dqN eqlyekuksa dh& gksrhA igys fnu dks;ys dh Hkkjh&Hkkjh Vksdfj;ka myhprs] Hkjrs]

<ksrs] Fkds&gkjs] lkjk ‘kjhj dks;ys ls L;kg&bl rjg lSdM+ksa fganw cafn;ksa ds >q aM eqV~Bh Hkj pus [kkdj ikuh ihus ds fy, okil ykSVs rks

ns[krs gSa fd eqlyeku cafn;ksa esa ls dqN vkradoknh xqaMksa us fganqvksa dh pus dh cksjh myhpdj mlesa ls eqV~Bh Hkj&Hkjdj pus pckuk

izkjaHk dj fn;k gSA os mŸkj fganqLFkku ds Bkdqj fganw FksA eqlyeku us pus Nw fn, gSa] blfy, Hkz”V gks x, pus [kkus ds fy, dksbZ rS;kj

ugha FkkA ofj”B vf/kdkjh ,d eqlyeku teknkj viuh cŸkhlh fn[kkus yxk] ijarq mu eqlyekuksa dks og jksd ugha jgk FkkA eqlyekuksa

dh rks ikS ckjg gks xbZA mUgksaus viuh cksfj;ka rks lkQ dj gh Mkyh] fganqvksa dh pus dh cksfj;ka Hkh] blfy, fd os [kk ugha jgs] Lo;a

gh pck MkyhA cspkjs fganw canh iwjs fnu eqV~Bh Hkj pus Hkh u feyus ls Hkw[ks isV d”V mBkrs gq, okil ykSVsA nwljs fnu Hkh yxHkx ogh

ckr gqbZA fganqvksa ds fgLls dh ,d&nks cksfj;ksa dks eqlyekuksa esa ls dksbZ ,d Nwdj Hkz”V djrk vkSj fQj mUgsa dksbZ fganw [kkrk ugha]

blfy, eqlyekuksa dks vf/kd fgLlk nsdj eqlyeku vf/kdkjh mUgsa ckaV nsrsA xksjs vf/kdkjh Hkh ,slh gkL;kLin ?kVukvksa dh vksj

LokHkkfod :i ls >qa>ykdj dku ugha nsrs] vkSj bl lcls cspkjs fganw cafn;ksa dks vR;ar d”V igaqprkA

os pus fganw D;ksa ugha cu tkrs

igys fnu eq>s ;g lkjk ekeyk gksrs gh eSaus mu cafn;ksa esa ls dbZ yksxksa ds mudh bl vkRe?kkrh] ew[kZrkiw.kZ :f<+ ds laca/k esa ckr djds

dke mesBsA muls dgk] ^^vjs] vkt rqe Bkdqjksa us tysch cukbZA dksbZ eqlyeku vk;k] mlus mls gkFk yxk;kA og Hkz”V gks xbZA mls

Qsad fn;k] >V ls og tysch mlus xVd yhA nwljs fnu rqeus isM+s cuk,] dksbZ bZlkbZ Vidk] mlus mUgsa Lokgk fd;kA rqe iqu%

Hkw[ks&ds&Hkw[ks jgsA fganqvksa dh bl ^Hkz”Vrk* us gh fganqvksa dks daxky cuk;k gSA fons’k eas tkdj ckgj dk iSlk Lons’k esa ykuk vlaHko gks

x;kA izeq[k dkj.k [kku&iku dh ‘kq}rkA ns’k dk /ku] vukt] fons’kh ywVdj ys tkrs gSa] og ^Hkz”Vkpkj* ugha&gekjk Hkkstu lkjk fo’o

Nhudj ys tk, vkSj mls [kkdj à”V&iq”V cus] og Hkz”Vkpkj ughaA ijarq nwljs dk Hkkstu vius ijkØe }kjk izkIr djds [kkuk Hkz”Vkpkj

gSA nwljs dk gj.k er djks]

267

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ijarq vkidk ek= Li’kZ ls os gj.k djsa&bl rjg dh ew[kZrk rks er gksus nksA ;fn eqlyekuksa }kjk rqEgkjs pus ds cksjs esa gkFk Mkyus ls

os pus eqlyeku cu tkrs gSa rks rqe fganqvksa }kjk eqlyekuksa ds pus Nwrs gh fganw D;kas ugha curs\ vr% vjs ew[kksZ] tkvks] dy dqN yksx

dke can gksrs gh rqjar vkxs c<+ks vk Sj eqlyekukas ds cksjs esa gkFk Mkydj pus pckuk ‘kq: djksA ;fn os fpYyk,a rks mUgsa crkvks] ge

fganqvksa us igys bu puksa dks Nw fy;k] vr% ;s pus fganw gks x,A gekjs pus muds Li’kZ ls Hkz”V ugha gksrs] myVs ge fganqvksa ds Li’kZ ls

eqlyekuh pus fganw gksr s gSaA tkvks] bl vkØe.k’kkL= ij fo’okl j[kksA lc iki esjs flj ijA Lo;a gh Hkw[kksa D;ksa ejrs gks\**

bl rjg psrkdj mUgsa le>krkA var esa muesa ls dsoy lkS&Ms<+ lkS yksx rnuqlkj O;ogkj djus dks rS;kj gq,A rhljs fnu bu yksxksa us

vU; fganqvksa dh izrh{kk u djrs gq, dke ls NqV~Vh feyrs gh viuk :[k lh/ks eqlyekuksa dh cksfj;ksa dh vksj djds mu ij gkFk lkQ

vkjaHk fd;kA ns[krs gh eqlyeku Øks/k ls ikxy gks x,A fganqvksa us iwoZLej.k fnykdj nks&Vwd mŸkj fn;k] ^^ftl rjg rqe yksxksa d s

izFker% Nwus ls pus eqlyekuh cu tkrs gSa] mlh rjg vc geus bu puksa dks izFker% Nw fy;k] vr% ;s pus fganw gks x,A** og xksjk

vf/kdkjh Hkh] tks ml iwjs dke dh ns[kjs[k djrk Fkk] ;g lc lqurs gh tksj&tksj ls galus yxk vkSj mlus bu fganqvksa dks dksbZ Hkh naM

u nsrs gq, mudk vfHkuanu gh fd;kA vxqvkbZ djusokys mu fganqvksa dks eLr ns[kdj vU; lkjsa fganw canh Hkh pqipki mu puksa dks

pckus yxsA nwljs fnu ls eqlyekuksa us cksjksa dks Nwus dh /k`”Vrk djuk NksM+ fn;k] D;kasfd vc mldk dqN Hkh ykHk gksusokyk ugh a FkkA

Hkz”Vrk dk nks”k u”V fd;k

bl izdkj izR;sd NksVs&eksVs volj ls ykHk mBkdj [kku&iku] lksuk&cSBuk vkfn NksVh&NksVh nSfud ckrksa esa ^Hkz”V&Hkz”V* fpYykus ds

fganqvksa ds ew[kZrkiw.kZ nks”k ls mu cafn;ksa dks ge iwjh rjg eqDr djus esa lQy gks x,A mlls eqlyekuh vFkok bZlkbZ /keZ dh rjg gh

fganw /keZ vkSj fganw :f<+;ka Hkh ml foinxzLr fo’o esa O;ogkj ds fy, lq[kdj rFkk dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djus ds fy, leFkZ gksus yxhA

ifj.kker% ,sls vusd yksx] tks bu :f<+;ksa ds d”Vksa ls Åcdj fganw lekt ls oafpr gks x, Fks] ‘kq} gksdj iqu% fganw cuus yxs vk Sj tks

fganw ^Hkz”V* gksrs] os igys dh rjg ughaa gksrs FksA bZlkb;ksa ls Hkh bDdk&nqDdk dHkh&dHkh okil fy;s tkrsA ,d rsyaxh okWMZj dk mnkgj.k

nsf[k,A mldh vk;q pkyhl ds Åij gks pqdh FkhA og rsyaxh Fkk] ijarq ,d ih<+h iwoZ bZlkbZ cu pqdk FkkA vaneku esa vkrs gh mls

rsyaxh jkek;.k i<+rs gq,

268

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ns[kdj geus mlij utj j[khA mlus FkksM+h&cgqr vaxzsth Hkh i<+h FkhA ;g izR;{kr% viuh vka[kksa ls ns[kdj fd ge lqyHk <ax ls cafn;ksa

dks vaxzsth i<+kdj mUgsa ^eqa’kh* dk LFkku fnyokrs gSa] og pksjh&fNis vaxszth i<+us gekjs ikl vkus yxkA ‘kh?kz gh og iwjh rjg ls gekjk

HkDr cu x;k vkSj jk”VªHkfDr rFkk fganw bfrgkl dh dFkk,a lqurs&lqurs mlus iqu% fganw lekt esa vkuk Lohdkj fd;kA og vR;ar fuMj

FkkA geus mls ijko`Ÿk djus dk iz;kl fd;k] rFkkfi ‘kq} laLdkj gksrs gh mlus viuk bZlkbZ uke cnydj vkosnu fd;k fd ljdkjh

dkxtkr esa mldk fganw uke nkf[ky fd;k tk,A iknjh ds vkus ij Hkh og izkFkZuk ds fy, ugha tkrkA ckjh us xqLls ls mls okWMZjksa ls

fudkyus dh /kedh nh] ijarq Ik;Zos{kd us mlij dksbZ /;ku ugha fn;kA fganw gksus ds Ik’pkr~ fnokyh] n’kgjs ds le; NqV~Vh ysdj og

dkjkx`g ls ckgj fganw eafnjksa esa Hkh tkrkA fryd yxkrk RkFkk foosdkuan vkfn dh iqLrdsa vkSj fganw bfrgkl dh ohjxkFkk,a HkfDrHkko ds

lkFk Jo.k djrkA vius VqViqfta;k ckjg vkus eghus ds vR;Yi osru ls gekjh laLFkk dks og fu;fer :i ls pkj vkus nsrkA

mifuos’k esa tSls&tSls canhoku txr~ dk;kZFkZ vuqdwy gksrk x;k] oSls&oSls gh ogka ds ^Lora=* fganw txr~ vFkkZr~ fganqLFkku ls vk, gq,

O;kikjh] vf/kdkjh] flikgh vkSj mu canhokuksa dh vaneku esa gh tUe ysdj clh gqbZ iztk Hkh vuqdwy gksrh xbZA ogka bu yksxksa }kjk

cuk, x, eafnjksa esa izFker% ‘kqf}d`r fganqvksa dks ysus esa dfBukbZ gksrh Fkh] ijarq vkxs pydj og loZFkk nwj gks xbZ vkSj n’kgjk] nhokyh

vkfn fganqvksa ds mRloksa] lekjksgksa esa ‘kqf}d`r fganw iwjh rjg ls ck/kk jfgr vU; fganqvksa ds lkFk jkek;.k ikB vkSj n’kZu e sa rYyhu

fn[kkbZ nsus yxsA

ckckjko ij vkØe.k

bruk lcdqN gksus ij Hkh dHkh&dHkh ‘kqf}dk;Z esa eqlyekuksa }kjk naxk&Qlkn djus rd ds i zlax Hkh vk,A lu~ 1920 ds vkxs&ihNs

xqtjkrh eqlyekuksa ds ,d vR;ar csg;k] fuyZTt rFkk mn~naM xaqMs us vius ,d ^Nksdjs* dks ikyk Fkk vkSj fu;ksftr i}fr ds vuqlkj

bl ikyu dk fu’p; fganqRo ds ‘e’kku esa tkdj ml fganw yM+ds dks eqlyeku cukus esa gksus okyk FkkA ;g lekpkj feyrs gh gekjs

ca/kq us] tks mlh d{k esa can Fks] gj rjg ds iz;Ru ls ml yM+ds dks ml xqaMs ds paxqy ls fudkykA ,d fganw eqa’kh us gekjs dgus ij

ml yM+ds dks ml d{k ls cnydj ,d fo’oluh; fganw canh ds iklokyh dksBjh ns nhA blls vkx&ccwyk gksdj ml eqlyeku xaqMs us

gekjs HkkbZ ij le; geyk fd;k tc os Luku djds cnu iksaN jgs FksA mlus mudh ukd ij tksjnkj eqDdk ekjkA ml vpkud

vkØe.k ds vk?kkr ls gekjs

269

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ca/kq dks pDdj vk x;k] [kwu dk Qookjk QwV iM+kA brus esa vkl&ikl ds jktcanh rFkk lk/kkj.k canh vk x, vkSj og xqaMk idM+k

x;kA ijarq ;g lekpkj lqudj gekjs ckjh us D;k fd;kA lcds lkeus lfLer ckr djrs gq, ml xqaMs dh yxHkx ihB Bksadh vkSj

,d&nks yksxksa ds lkeus Li”V fudkys] ^^fdruk vPNk gks] ;fn lkojdj dk ?keaM Hkh blh rjg rksM+k tk,A**

ijarq ;g ?keaM Qkalh dh Nkao esa Hkh ugha VwVk rks bl rjg vaxqfy;ka pVdkus ls dSls VwVsxk\ lkojdj dk lkoZtfud vkanksyu rks ugha

nck] fdarq ml xqaMs dh eLrh ‘kh?kz gh mrj xbZA vU; vijk/kksa ds fy, vkxs pydj mls nks ckj csar [kkus iM+sA og tc gekjs ikl dh

dksBjh esa can gks x;k rks ,dne xÅ cudj gesa ^ckck* dgus yxk vkSj Li”V fd;k&x.ks’k ckcw ij okj djus ds fy, eq>s ckjh us

Qqlyk;k Fkk] vU;Fkk esjs cki dh Hkh fgEer ugha gksrhA ijarq og ;k mlds ckjh egjkt gh tkurs gSa fd ml dFku esa dgka rd lPpkbZ

FkhA

bl rjg Lo;a vusd ihM+k,a lghaA vkanksyu dks rks NksM+us dks eu ugha djrkA bl rjg igys ls gh vo’k] d”Vizn rFkk vlgk;

voLFkk esa fnu O;rhr djrs tc bu lkoZtfud iz;klksa ds dkj.k ;g fLFkfr vR;f/kd vlguh; gksrh rc dHkh&dHkh lksprk& cl cgqr

gqvk ;g >esykA ,d rks vius vkidk d”V lg jgs gSa] mlls gh vius fgLls dk lkoZtfud drZO; iwjk gks jgk gS] vkSj vc vU;

fNViqV drZO;ksa dk Hkkj nwljs yksx mBk,aA ijarq ;g izo`fŸk dqN iy fVdrhA ;g lekpkj feyrs gh fd dksbZ fganw eqlyekuksa dh pisV esa

vk x;k gS] vFkok fdlh canh dh] pkgs og dksbZ Hkh gks] vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk vU;k;iwoZd fiVkbZ dh xbZ gS] izfrfØ;k&‘kfDr dk ,dne Tokj

lk meM+ vkrkA ,slk izrhr gksrk] tSls og vU;k; ;k vieku esjk gh gqvk gS vkSj gkFk&ij&gkFk /kjs cSBuk loZFkk vlaHko gksrkA eu

ckj&ckj dgus yxrk&

^^u tkuifnda nq%[k ,d% lksfgrqegZfrA

v’kkspu~ izfrdqohZr ;fn I’;snqiØee~AA

bl opu ls eu esa Hkjh izo`fŸk dks jksdus dk iz;kl djrkA esjs fopkj ls tc eu dks viuh tkfr] jk”Vª rFkk /keZ ds vieku ls

osnuk,a gksrh gSa] ijarq fu:ik; vlhe iatjc} O;k?kz ln`’k og eu lrr NviVkrk jgrk gS] rc dHkh blh izlaxo’k JhleFkZ ds eq[k ls

;g mn~xkj fudysa gksaxs&

^^LokFkZ xsyk rkVkrqVh] tMrh ijkFkZ mik/kh

vkrk lko/kku thok] R;kx dsykph djkokA**

270

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


¼&^^LokFkZ x;k fo;ksx esa] te xbZ ijkFkZ mikf/k;ka] cuks lko/kku] gs tho! viuk yks R;kx dh d`fr;kaA**½

muds eu tSlh cspSuh ls eqDr gksdj eSa vius eu dks dqN ‘kkar djus ds fy, muds mi;qZDr opuksa dk ckj&ckj tki djus dk iz;kl

djrk] D;ksafd ix&ix ij jk”Vªh; ,oa /kkfeZd viekuksa ds vk?kkr lgu djrs&djrs eu bl rjg tyus yxrk] tSls vkx yxh gksA

vius LoHkkoo’k vusd ekufld] ‘kkjhfjd vkSj ykSfdd la=kl] vR;kpkj lgrs gq, Hkh fganw tuksa esa fganqRo ds vfHkeku dk lapkj gqvk

vkSj mls ,d lcy jk”Vª cukus ds fy, mudh ?kkrd] ew[kZrkiw.k Z :f<+;ksa dks tM+ ls m[kkM+us dk ;g dk;Z vf/kdkfj;ksa] eqlyekuksa vkSj

Lo;a Lotuh;] lo/kehZ; fganw yksxksa ds fojks/k ls VDdj ysrs gq, ;FkklaHko vkxs c<+k, fcuk ge ‘kkafr ls ugha cSB ldrsA ‘kh?kz gh gesa

,sls vusd jktcafn;ksa rFkk cafn;ksa dk lkFk feyus yxk] tks gesa mruh gh vkLFkk ls lg;ksx nsus ds fy, dej dls gq, FksA muesa ls

izeq[k O;fDr;ksa ds uke mtkxj djus dh bPNk gks jgh gS] ijarq vHkh rd ge muls ;g ugha tku ik, fd mudh orZeku fLFkfr esa

muds uke mtkxj djuk mUgsa vPNk yxsxk ;k ugha] vr% muds uke ugha fn, tk jgsA ;fn dHkh vxys laLdj.k dk lkSHkkX; izkIr

gqvk] rks mUgsa mtkxj djds d`rKrk ds _.k ls ge vius vkidks vkSj vius ikBdksa dks va’kr% vo’; eqDr djsaxsA fo’ks”kr% vkxs

pydj iatkc fLFkr ykgkSj&vfHk;ksx ds tks jktuhfrd canh vk, Fks] muesa ,sls vusd d `rfu’p;h] ns’kizseh fudys] ftUgksaus bl fganqRo dks

lefiZr gksdj uhp ls Hkh uhp vFkok {kqnz&ls&{kqnz fganw dh f’k{kkFkZ] Lo/keZ izlkjkFkZ vkSj ij/keZ ds f’kdats ls mUgsa eqDr djus ds fy,

O;fDr’k% lrr iz;Ru fd,A ijarq buesa ls izk;% lHkh dks bl ‘kqf}dj.k fganw laxBu dk egŸo le>kdj bl dk;Z ds fy, izo`Ÿk djuk

laHko gksus rd lkjk cks> gesa vius ^lk/kkj.k* cafn;ksa esa ls FkksM+s ls lg;ksfx;ksa dds lkFk Lo;a <ksuk iM+kA

tSlkfd vU;= o.kZu fd;k x;k gS] /khjs&/khjs okWMZjksa ls ysdj eqa’kh] isVh vQlj vkSj teknkj gh ugha] ^Lora=* yksxksa dh vf/kdkfj;ksa rd

ukuk rjg ls flQkfj’k vkfn ls fganqRo ds vfHkekuh vf/kdkjh fu;qDr fdl x, vkSj mu iBkuh] iatkch vkfn eqlyeku vf/kdkfj;ksa

dks] ftudh uhp izo`fŸk;ka /kekZa/krk ds dkj.k vkSj vf/kd mn~naM cuh gqbZ Fkh] Qans esa Qalk&Qalkdj ^rksM+k* x;kA blls fganqvksa ij gks

jgk mRihM+u] vR;kpkj ,oa vU;k; de gqvk vkSj Hkz”V djus dh eqlyekuh dqizo`fŸk Hkh can gks xbZA pkj O;fDr;ksa dks NksM+dj

de&ls&de izR;sd ftys ds mu yksxksa dks] ftuls ge ifjfpr Fks] tks igys fganw /keZ ls Hkz”V gks x, Fks] iqu% Lo/keZ esa fy;k x;kA

271

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


bl dk;Z esa ftyksa&ftyksa ls ysdj iwjs mifuos’k esa ‘kqf} rFkk /kekZarj.k dks ysdj dkexkjksa ds >xM+ksa dk Åij tks laf{kIr o.kZu fd;k x;k

gS] mlh rjg gesa fganw&eqlyekuksa ds >xM+s >syus iM+sA ,d ckj ^mnwZ* uked ftys esa mHk; i{kksa }kjk ofj”B vf/kdkjh rd >xM+k ys

tkus ij dkjkxkj dh gh rjg vkns’k gks x;k fd ljdkjh uhfr ds vuqlkj fdlh Hkh fganw dk vFkok eqlyeku dk /kekZarj.k Lohd`r ugha

fd;k tk,xkA vFkkZr~ vaneku esa izos’k djrs le; canh dk tks /keZ gksxk] ogh var rd ekU; le>k tk,xkA bl vkns’kkuqlkj ml

cLrh esa tks fganw eqlyeku cu x, Fks vkSj ftudk ukekarj.k fd;k x;k Fkk] muds Hkz”Vhdj.k dk ljdkjh vk/kkj vius vki gh lekIr

gks x;k vkSj blls mUgsa iqu% fganw dgykus ij eqlyekuksa }kjk vfHk;ksx yxkus vFkok vf/kdkfj;ksa dk dksiHkktu cuus dk Mj ugha jgkA

bl ifjorZu ds dkj.k ;g [kkst djuk vko’;d gks x;k fd tks yksx eqlyeku dgykrs Fks] mudh ewy tkfr dkSu lh gSA blds

vfrfjDr dbZ ckj fganw yM+dksa ds uke ds vkxs ljdkjh dkxtkr esa muds vius ^canh i=dksa* ij Hkh /kM+Yys ds lkFk fy[kk tkrk&bLyke

/keZ ds vuq;k;hA bldk Hkh ijh{k.k djuk vko’;d FkkA geus ns[kk gS fd eqlyeku eqa’kh gh ;g lc djrs FksA

vc bl le; tc ge fy[k jgs gSa] b/kj jRukfxjh esa ,d fganw esgrj ds csVs dk uke eqlyekuh cks/k djkus okyk j[kk x;kA ;g

ekeyk mtkxj gks pqdk gSA bl teknkj us nks vkosnu&i= fy[ks] rFkkfi mlds vKkuo’k] vYio;Ld csVs dks vHkh rd eqlyeku ekuk

tkrk gSA ;g dk;Zokgh rc gqbZ tc pkj o”kZ iwoZ og fe’kujh Ldwy esa FkkA ^rqe eqlyeku gks*& jkst&jkst yksxksa ls ;g lqurs&lqurs og

vKkuh ckyd Hkh vius vki dks eqlyeku gh le>us yxkA vc ;g ekeyk mtkxj gks pqdk gS] blfy, bldk lek/kku gks x;k gSA

‘kh?kz gh ljdkjh dkxtkr esa mldh fganw tkfr Lohd`r dh tk,xhA

vr% ,d ckj ewyHkwr dkex&i=ksa rd iwNrkN djds fganwvksa ds lHkh yksxksa dh fxurh gksA tks ifrr fganw ‘kqf}d`r gks x, Fk s] muds bl

le; esa cnys gq, uke vkSj /keZ dkVdj fyf[kr i=ksa esa fganw uke vkSj /keZ fy[kk tk, vkSj ftuds ukeksa dh cyiwoZd ij/kfeZ;ksa esa

x.kuk dh tkrh gS] mUgas gj dkxt ij fganw yksxksa esa ntZ fd;k tk,] blds fy, fganqLFkku ls izR;sd canh ds lkFk vk, gq, dkxtkr

ns[kuk vko’;d FkkA ijarq okLro eas ,d o”kZ esa fiNys lkjs dkxt ns[kuk dSls laHko gksxk vkSj feyus ij Hkh ljdkj ;g dke dSls

djus nsxh] ;g ,d cM+h leL;k FkhA

lkSHkkX; ls ;g leL;k lqy>kus dk volj vpkud izkIr gks x;kA xr tux.kuk ds le; vaneku esa og x.kuk ¼Census½ izkjaHk gksrs gh ml dk;Z ij gekjs

272

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vR;ar fo’oluh; yksx fu;qDr fd, x,A ml le; gekjs ihNs yxk gqvk ljdkjh lansg dk >a>V izpqj ek=k esa <qyeqy gks x;k Fkk

vkSj gesa dHkh&dHkh ys[;ky; ¼n¶rj½ esa fy[kus dk dke djus dh vuqefr fey tkrh FkhA ysfdu dSls vkSj dc] bldk o`Ÿkkar vkxs

pydj vk,xkA ijarq ‘kqf}&o`Ÿkkar ds vuqla/kkukFkZ ;gka bruk mYys[k djuk gh vko’;d FkkA

tux.kuk ds volj ij

vaneku esa xr tux.kuk dk dk;Z ‘kq: gksrs gh nqHkkZX;o’k fganqLFkku fLFkr fganqvksa esa QSyh vkilh lkaiznkf;d dyg dh izfr/ofu ogka Hkh

gksus yxhA esjk fopkj Fkk fd bl uwru tux.kuk ds volj dk ykHk mBkrs gq, fiNyh lHkh =qfV;ka vkSj Hkz”Vhdj.k gsrq tku&cq>dj

dh xbZ dkV&ihV dks lq/kkjk tk,xk] fganqvksa dh v[kaM vkSj lq/kkfjr tux.kuk gksxh] mudh fuf’pr la[;k ljdkjh vfHkys[kksa esa nt Z dh

tk,xhA bl laca/k esa geus lkfFk;ksa ls fey&tqydj ;FkklaHko gj dk;kZy; ls vaneku ds lHkh ftyksa esa lans’k HkstsA lkSHkkX;o’k tux.kuk

dk egŸoiw.kZ dk;Z dkjkxkjh; dk;kZy; eass gksuk FkkA fofHkUu Lfkkuksa dh tux.kuk ds dkxtkr dk fujh{k.k djds cafn;ksa ds uke] xkao]

/keZ] tkfr lgh&lgh fy[ksa gSa ;k ugha] ;g lc okjaV dh ewy izfr vkSj tsy ds vfHkys[kksa ls feykdj gh tkuk tk ldrk FkkA ysfdu

,slk u gksus ij gh og dke b/kj lkSaik x;k FkkA vr% ml dke esa gkFk caVkus ds fy, ge yksxksa esa ls vusd yksx vkxs c<+s vkSj mUgsa

vuqefr Hkh fey xbZA

ijar gekjs dqN vk;Zlekth ca/kqvksa us chp esa gh izkphu dky esa fganw ‘kCn lacaf/kr ml lekt ds yksxksa dh tks Hkzked /kkj.kk Fkh] mlh

dh iqjkjko`fŸk djrs gq, tux.kuk esa viuk uke ^fganw* dh ctk, ^vk;Z* ntZ djkus dh ;kstuk cukbZA vk;Zlekft;ksa ds ;s fopkj lqurs

gh ml le; dkjkxkj esa vk, fl[k jktcafn;ksa esa ls dqN usrkvksa rFkk vaneku fLFkr fl[k cafn;ksa rFkk flikfg;ksa us Hkh vius vkidks

^fganw* u dgykrs gq, ^fl[k* ds :i esa ntZ djus dk gB fd;kA

geus viuh ^fganqRo* ‘kh”kZd iqLrd esa foLrkjiwoZd ;g fl} fd;k gS fd ^fganw* ‘kCn ds okLrfod vFkZ ds fo”k; esa fganqvksa ds vusd

laiznk;ksa dks tks frjLdkj gS] og mudh Hkk”kk’kkL=h; ,oa ,sfrgkfld vKkurk ds dkj.k gSA

vc ykyk yktirjk;] J}kuan] HkkbZ ijekuan vkfn ukeoj vk;Zlekth usrkvksa us Hkh ^fganw* ‘kCn ds fy, viuk ;FkkFkZ eeRo iznf’kZr

fd;k gS vkSj fganw laxBuksa ds O;kid vkanksyuksa ls ls ;g vuqnkjrk Hkh lukruh vkSj vk;Zlekth nksuksa us Hkqyk nh gS vkSj ‘kkfCnd ‘kq”d

Hksn ls Åij mB x, gSa] blfy, ge ;gka fganw ‘kCn ds okLrfod

273

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vFkZ vkSj O;k[;k dh ppkZ djuk mfpr ugha le>rsA cl ;gh dguk i;kZIr gS fd baXySaM esa jgrs gq, tc gesa ;g Mj lrkus yxk fd

fganqvksa dh lkaiznkf;d dyg ls fganqRo [kaM&[kaM gks tk,xk vkSj viuh vf[ky tkfr dks ,d lw= esa] ,d /ot ds uhps laxfBr djus dh

‘kfDr orZeku fLFkr esa ftl ,deso ‘kCn esa ‘ks”k cph gS] og ^fganw* ‘kCn Hkzked fo}s”kksa ds vk?kkrksa ls dgha iaxq rks ugha cu tk,xk] rc

geus mu ladVksa dk lkeuk djus ds fy, eu&gh&eu fganw ‘kCn dh lPph] ,sfrgkfld rFkk lkoZf=d O;k[;k fuf’pr dh FkhA mldk

mins’k ge vkBksa igj f’kf{kr vFkok vf’kf{kr&bldk fopkj u djrs gq,&vaneku ds cafn;ksa rFkk Lora= O;fDr;ksa dks djrs vk,A og

izR;sd O;fDr ^fganw* gS ftldh fir`Hkwfe vkSj iq.;Hkwfe ¼/keZHkwfe½ fganqLFkku gSA mu fnuksa tks Hkh vk;Zlekth] fl[k vkSj tSu feyrk] mlls

geus lrr bl O;k[;k dh ppkZ dh] fookn pyk;kA vkt ^fganqRo*¹56 iqLrd izdkf’kr gks pqdh gSA fganqRo dh og O;k[;k gS&

^^vkflU/kq flU/kqi;ZUrk;L; HkkjrHkwfedkA

fir`Hkw% iq.;Hkw’pSo l oS fganqfjfr Le `r%AA**

fganqLFkku esa egku~ euhf”k;ksa ls ysdj fganqlHkk dh ‘kk[kksi’kk[kkvksa esa ;g O;k[;k Lohd`r gSA ijarq vaneku ds mu fnuksa es a ;g O;k[;k u,

fljs ls vkxs vkus ds dkj.k mldh lR;rk rFkk mi;ksfxrk le>kus ds fy, gj O;fDr ds lkFk ppkZ djrs le; fdruh ekFkkiPph djuh

iM+rh FkhA

fl[k Hkh fganq gh gSa

blds dkj.k esjs vk;Zlekth fe=ksa dh fganw ‘kCn fo”k;d frjLdkj cqf} dkQh de gqbZ vkSj mUgksaus vius vkidks ^fganw* ds :i esa ntZ

djkuk Lohdkj fd;kA ;g r; gqvk fd ^fganw* ‘kCn ds vkxs dks”Bd esa ^vk;Zlekth* fy[kdj vf/kd Li”V fd;k tk,A ;gh U;k;iw.kZ

le>kSrk fl[k fe=ksa dks Hkh lq>k;kA ijarq muesa ls dqN vfrjsd ds fy, Hkh fl} Fks] vr% mUgsa le>kus esa cgqr flj [kikuk iM+kA ;fn

gesa tux.kuk esa ^fganw* ds :i esa ntZ fd;k x;k rks ge Hkw[k&gM+rky djsaxs vkSj Lo;a dks dsoy ^fl[k* lacksf/kr djus ds fy, lHkh dks

ck/; djsaxs& ;g izfriknu djus esa Hkh mUgkasus vkxs&ihNs ugha ns[kkA ijarq var esa mu lHkh ls vkLFkkiwoZd izkFkZuk dh xbZ fd ^ca/kqvksa!

eqlyeku] bZlkbZ vkfn gekjh tkfr dh cksVh&cksVh djus okys bu

56

ewyr% ;g iqLrd vaxszth esa gSA blds vusd Hkk”kkvksa esa vuqokn gks pqds gSaA blh O;k[;k ds lw= ysdj Hkkjr ‘kklu us ^fganw* dh

O;k[;k dhA

274

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fo/kfeZ;ksa dk gesa lkeuk djuk gSA vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa rks ge vius tkfr fo?kkrd nqjfHkeku dk R;kx djsaA de&ls&de ;g ekeyk

lhek ls vkxs c<+k;k tk,A os yksx tks fganqvksa esa ;FkklaHko Q wV Mkydj gekjs v[kaM lekt ds VqdM+s&VqdMs+ djuk pkgrs gSa& vo’;

dgsaxs fd ^fl[k fganw ugha gSa] mudh tux.kuk vyx dh tk,A rks D;k mudh pky foQy djuh gS ;k lkaiznkf;d gB ls ‘k=q dh

lgk;rk djuh gS\ ;g iz’u ,d ‘kCn dk ugha gSA D;k bl ‘kCn tSlk ‘kCn Hkh bl fLFkfr esa nwljk dksbZ vfLrRo esa gS&tks viuh bl

izkphu tkfr dks ,d lw= esa] ,d uke ds uhps yk lds\ ;g fdrus nqHkkZX; dh ckr gS fd brus ljy rŸo dk gesa cks/k ugha fd tkfr

tSls lk/kkj.k ‘kCn ds ihNs tkfr&lk/kkj.k izse] vfHkeku vkSj eeRo mRiUu gksrk gSA fQj ,slk FkksMs+ gh gS fd fl[k ugha dgyk;k tk

ldrk\ ge izFker% ^fganw* ntZ djsaxs vkSj dks”Bd esa fl[k ugha dgyk;k tk ldrk\ ge izFker% ^fganw& ntZ djsaxs vkSj dks”Bd esa fl[k

vFkok vk;Z vFkok czkãks] lukru tks Hkh gks] fy[k ysaxs& ;gh mŸke ekxZ gSA* bl rjg gekjk fujFkZd Je rc rd pyrk jgk tc rd

mlls mdrkgV u gksus yxh& rc dgha fl[kksa esa ls dqN le>nkj fe=ksa vkSj lg;ksfx;ksa dks cks/k gks ldk] vkSj mUgksaus vUu R;kx tSls

mik;ksa dk voyacu djuk pkgusokys yksxksa dh ;kstuk /kjk’kk;h dj nhA ,d vkSj ?kVuk vuk;kl gh lkeus vk xbZ] ftlus ;g Li”V

fd;k fd ,d vfroknh O;fDr Hkh vius lkaiznkf;d nqjfHkeku ls fdl rjg tkrh; ,drk dk loZuk’k djrk gSA fl[kksa esa gh vdkyh]

lgt/kkjh] ds’k/kkjh fl[k* ds :i esa vius dks ntZ djsaxs] u fd ek= fl[k dsA eSaus bl mnkgj.k dks lkeus j[kdj ;g Li”V fd;k fd

tSls gh laiznk;ksa us ,d ckj ladqfpr n`f”V j[kh fd tkrh; ,drk nwj rd VwVrh tkrh gSA bldk Hkh vPNk ifj.kke fudykA var esa esjs

fl[k fe=ksa ds lg;ksx ls lHkh ds lkFk dqN&u&dqN le>kSrk laHko gks x;k vkSj ;g r; gqvk fd ofj”B fl[k vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ,d

vkosnu&i= Hkstas] ftlesa os viuk i{k izLrqr djsa] ijarq blls vf/kd fojks/k u djrs gq, tux.kuk esa viuk /keZ ^fganw* ntZ djs dks”Bd

esa ^fl[k* fy[ksaA

;g le>kSrk U;k¸; Fkk] D;kasfd fl[kksa ds ewyHkwr okjaVksa ij gh muds uke mlds Ik’pkr~ ^fl[k*] vkxs iqu% tkfr ^tkV* vFkok ^etgc*

vkfn dk mYys[k gksrk FkkA ;g canh i=d ¼prisoners sheets½ izR;sd fl[k vius&vius ikl j[krk] ijarq eSa tkV u gksdj fl[k gh gwa]

,slk dksbZ ugha dgrkA fQj ;s tkV] lks<+h vkfn tkfr;ka fganqvksa dh gh Fkh] vr% mUgha dh rjg ^fganw* dh iafDr esa viuk uke ntZ

djkus esa mUgsa dksbZ vkfifŸk ugha FkhA

bl cgkus fganqvksa esa ^fganw* ‘kCn dh lPph O;k[;k dk Kku QSyus esa vPNk

275

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Lkg;ksx izkIr gqvkA ljdkjh mPp vf/kdkfj;ksa ;k Lora= vf/kdkfj;ksa esa Hkh ;g ppkZ gks jgh FkhA

vkf[kj lHkh dh ,dokD;rk gqbZA tux.kuk ds dkxtkr tc fufj{k.k] ‘kqf}dj.k ds Ik’pkr~ vafre izfr ds :i esa rS;kj fd, x, rc

dgha ge vius ns’kfHkekuh rFkk mRlkgh lgk;dksa ds lkFk laiznk; rqY; fganw ek= dks ,d ^fganw* ds :i esa lek ldsA iqjkusa okWjaV ns[krs

gq, dbZ fnu lrr cSBdj O;rhr djus iM+sA os iksfFk;ka myV&iqyV djrs&djrs fdruh gh euksjatd ckrsa mtkxj gks xbZA ,d O;fDr us]

tks tUetkr esgrj ¼Hkaxh½Fkk] viuh tkfr cnyrs&cnyrs rktk ljdkjh vfHkys[k esa czkã.k fy[kokbZ Fkh] D;kasfd ,d ckj czkã.k dgykus

ls Hkkstu O;oLFkk esa fdlh ^[kkl* LFkku ij fu;qfDr dk volj tks feysxk! ,d Hkaxh vius vkidks czkã.k dgyk,] blesa esjs eu esa

dkSrqd dh Hkkouk FkhA ijarq ;g ns[kdj fd ,sls fdrus lkjs yksxksa dks] tks ewyr% fganw Fks] vR;kpkj] cy rFkk diV ls eqlyeku cuk;k

x;k& vk’p;Z vkSj [ksn gksrkA ;s lkjs dkxtkr vius fe=ksa dks fn[kkdj mUgsa bl ckr dk lcy izek.k nsuk laHko gqvk fd o”kZ&nks o” kksZa

ls geus tks ‘kqf} dk vkanksyu NsM+k Fkk] og fdruk vko’;d FkkA dgus dh vko’;drk ugha fd tux.kuk dh ubZ dkWih cukrs le;

mu yksxksa dks geus bl ys[kk esa iqu% ^fganw* gh ntZ fd;k] ftudh eqlyekuksa esa x.kuk dh tkrh FkhA muesa ls izk;% lHkh dks ‘k q} fd;k

gh x;k FkkA bl ys[kk }kjk ge lHkh dks bruk lizek.k larks”k rks vo’; izkIr gqvk fd de&ls&de mu fganqvksa dks] tks foxr nl o”kksZa

ls fganqRo ls oafpr fd, x, Fks] ‘kqf}dj.k }kjk ge iqu% Lotkfr esa lekfo”V dj lds( vkSj mlls Hkh vPNh ckr ;g gS fd eqlyekuh

/keZ izlkj dh vk a/kh dks eqagrksM+ tokc feyus ls u, fganqvksa dks Hkz”V djuk muds fy, yxHkx vlaHko fd;k tk ldkA

bl tux.kuk ds ifjJe ls ge fuf’pr :i esa ;g le> ik, fd fdrus fganw eqlyeku cu x, Fks] muesa ls fdruksa dks iqu% fganw

cuk;k x;k vkSj vHkh fdrus ‘ks”k gSa& blls iqu% mUgsa Hkh fganqvksa esa lekfo”V djuk laHko gks x;kA

,sls /keZ’kdwj] tks ;g ew[kZrkiw.kZ ckr dj jgs Fks fd vaneku ds ‘kqf}dj.k vkanksyu }kjk bruk lkjk dk;Z u djrs gq, dsoy ^eqlyeku

Hkh fganw gks ldrk gS]* ;gh ckr yksxksa ds eu esa cSBkrs rks Hkh og vkanksyu ,d lQy vkanksyu dgykrk vFkok ^fganw eqlyeku rks gksrk

gS ij eqlyeku fganw dSls gks ldrk gS\* loZFkk bUgha ‘kCnksa esa tks iz’u [kM+k dj jgs Fks] vc vaneku esa ,slk dksbZ ugha jgkA gka]

eqlyeku dks Hkh fganw cuk;k tk ldrk gS] ;g ckr vaneku fLFkr mu fganqvksa dh vc ,d n`<+ /kkj.kk cu pqdh gS fd fganw /keZ dk

isV bruk fu%’kDr ugha gS dsoy nks xzkl

276

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Ekqlyekuh Hkkstu djus ls nLr yxsa vkSj izk.k mM+ tk,aA ‘kqf}dj.k vkanksyu dk ;g Hkh dksbZ lk/kkj.k ykHk ugha gS] D;kasfd fganqLFkku ds

^lq/kh* rFkk ^Lora=* yksxksa esa Hkh bl rjg ds /keZ’kdwj vkt Hkh miyC/k gSa] tks ;gh ew[kZrkiw.kZ iz’u cM+h xaHkhjrk ls djrs gSaA

;g Li”V djus ds fy, fd ;g tkx`fr ge tsls ,d&nks tuksa ij fuHkZj u jgdj vkxs pydj ogka ds tuekul esa fdruh c}ewy gks

xbZ Fkh] mnkgj.k ds fy, vaneku NksM+us ds Ik’pkr~ dh ?kfVr ,d&nks ?kVuk,a ;gka dj nsrk gwaA

vaneku esa igys fdlh Hkh fganw L=h ds eqlyeku ls fookg djrs gh og eqlyeku cu tkrh FkhA ijarq Lo;a fganw jgdj eqlyeku ls

fganw gksus ds fy, og ugha dg ldrh FkhA fganqvksa dh fookg fo”k;d /kkj.kk,a vR;ar dksey gksus ds dkj.k dksbZ Hkh fganw canh v aneku

fLFkr efgykvksa dks [khjk&ddM+h le>dj muls lglk fookg ugha djrkA blds foijhr] fookg rks nwj] dosy laca/kkFkZ rS;kj gksrs gh

eqlyeku fdlh Hkh fganw L=h dks ugha udkjrk] D;ksafd blls ,d dkfQjkuh dks eqlyeku cukus rFkk larfr&o/kZu dk dke tks gksrkA mls

;g rF; ?kqV~Vh esa fiyk;k tkrk fd vkSjr pkgs dSlh Hkh gks] ikd gksrh gSA vaneku fLFkr fganw vfHkekuh yksxksa dks bl ;FkkFkZ dk

tSls&tSls cks/k gksus yxk oSls&oSls os bl vksj ls lrZd jgus yxs fd dksbZ fganw ukjh eqlyekuksa ds gRFks u p<+sA mnkgj.kkFkZ& ,d

Bdqjkbu ,d eqlyeku dh laxr ls [kku&iku ds laca/k esa eqlyeku cu xbZA vkxs pydj mlus fookg djus dk fu’p; fd;kA mlus

Li”V ‘kCnksa esa psrkouh nh fd ;fn dksbZ fganw mls ‘kqf}iwoZd Lolekt esa lekfo”V djrs gq, mlls C;kg ugha jpk ldrk] rks og vius

eqlyeku Lusgh ls C;kg dj ysxhA eqlyeku rks blds fy, ,d Vkax ij [kM+s gh FksA ;g ladV ns[kdj ,d /kekZf/kdkjh fganw lTtu us

mlls fookg djus dk fu’p; fd;k] dsoy blfy, fd mls eqlyekuksa ds paxqy ls NqM+k ldsa vkSj mldh Hkkoh larku vius jke&d`”.k

ds vfHkekuh fganw dqy esa jgsA nqHkkZX; dh ckr ;g fd ;g loZFkk U;k;laxr ckr Hkh eqlyekuksa ds dkuksa esa tkrs gh] mUgksaus mldk

izfrokn djrs gq, dgk fd og efgyk eqlyeku gks pqdh gS] vr% fdlh fganw ls C;kg ugha jpk ldrh] vkSj ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa dks

vkosnu&i= Hkstus rd ckr c<+kbZA fganw L=h Hkz”V gksdj eqlyeku ifr dj ldrh gS] ijarq fganw L=h ‘kq} gksdj Hkh fganw ifr ugha dj

ldrh\ gesa bl rF; dk foLej.k ugha djuk pkfg, fd bl rjg dh vfrjsdh ekax djus dk fuyZTt lkgl djus ds fy, ge fganqvksa

dh ?kkrd] ew[kZrkiw.kZ rFkk vlkef;d :f<+;ksa us gh eqlyekuksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k gSA blds fo:} lkjs fganqvksa us ,dtqV gksdj tc

izfrokn fd;k rc vf/kdkfj;ksa us fu.kZ; fn;k fd ^ml L=h ds

277

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ewyr% fganw gksus ds dkj.k rFkk gekjs }kjk ‘kq”dk’kq”dh /kekZarj.k djus ij ikcanh yxkus ds dkj.k] ;fn mldh bPNk gks rks og fg anw ls

fookg djus ds fy, iw.kZr;k Lora= gSA* bl fu.kZ; ds Ik’pkr~ eqlyekuksa dks pqi jguk iM+k vkSj ml Lo/kekZfHkekuh fganw x`gLFk us ml

Bdqjkbu ls fganw /kekZuqlkj C;kg jpk;kA

dke Vkyus dk cgkuk uekt

gekjs vkus ds I’pkr~ Hkh blds mnkgj.k gesa Kkr gks x, fd nq”V eqlyekuksa dks viuh vdkj.k ‘k=qrk rFkk mn~naMrk ds fy, fganw cafn;ksa

us laxfBr :i esa fdl rjg lcd fl[kk;kA muesa ls vkSj ,d dk mYys[k ge dj jgs gSaA oLrqr% eqlyeku cafn;ksa esa lSdM+ksa yksx ,sls

gksrs gSa tks izfrfnu ,d ckj Hkh uekt ugha i<+rsA ijarq dsoy mUgsa fganqvksa dks fp<+kus ds fy, dqN&u&dqN cgkuk pkfg,] vr% bUghas

fof/k’kwU; O;kolkf;d pksj&Mkdqvksa dks vpkud iwjk eqlyekuh /keZ’kkL= Lej.k gksus yxrk gSA fdlh dBksj ifjJe dk dke djus ds

fy, cafn;ksa dh Vksyh Hksth tkrs gh ml Vksyh dk izR;sd eqlyeku canh iSxacj tSlk gh elhgk] /keZHkh: gksdj fnu esa ikap ugah

lkr&lkr ckj uekt i<+us yxrk gS] D;ksafd dksbZ uekt i<+us yxs rks ljdkjh vf/kdkjh ml le; rd eqlyeku canh dks NqV~Vh nsrs gSa

vkSj ml le; cspkjs fganw yksxksa ds dke esa tqVs jgus ls mu VqPps] xq:?kaVky eqlyekuksa dk dke de gks tkrk gS&,sls le; eqlyekuksa

ds ikft;ksa esa Hkh ikth iqjkus pkaMkyksa dh Hkh bZ’k&fparu esa rYyhurk ns[kus ;ksX; gksrhA vkgk! Uekt i<+us ls igys gkFk&ikao /kksuk ¼otw

djuk½] ‘kkar fpŸk ls u<+h dks iqu%&iqu% gkFk ls lgykuk] uekt i<+us ds Ik’pkr~ Hkh vka[ksa can fd, ,sls fparueXu eqnzk esa fLFkj jguk]

vkSj og bZ’k&fparu dh ‘kkafr! ,sls le; ,slk yxrk gS fd ;ksxlw=ksa eas lekf/k ds lk/ku dh tks izk.kk;ke] b”V izrhd] tki vkfn vusd

fo|k,a mfYyf[kr gSa& muesa ls ;s nks fo|k,a dgha NwV rks ugha xbZ! ,d rks lkeus nw/k dk dVksjk gksuk pkfg, vFkok eNyh peduh

pkfg, vSj nwljk lk/ku canh’kkyk esa dBksj ifjJe djokuk] D;ksafd izFke nks izlaxksa esa fcYyh vkSj cxqys dh vkSj dBksj ifjJe ds

n’kZu ls gh bl rjg bu eqlyekuh pksj&Mkdw cxqyk&Hkxrksa dh tSlh ‘kkar eqnzk cu tkrh gS] og lekf/kLFk rUe;rk ls dqN vf/kd fHkUUk

rks ugha fn[krhA

ckWax vkSj ‘ka[k dh izfrLi/kkZ

eqlyekuksa esa ls yqPps] dkepksj yksx dke dh cyk Vkyus ds fy, uekt ds vfrfjDr ,d vkSj ;qfDr dk voyacu ysrs gq, geus ns[ks

gSa] tks dsoy fganw yksxksa dks fp<+kus ds fy, vFkok ljdkjh fucZa/k dk vU;k;iw.kZ mYya?ku djrs gq, xaqMkxnhZ

278

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dk Madk ctkus ds fy, gS& og gS Hkksj dh osyk esa ^ckax* nsukA ^ckax* dk vFkZ gS] rM+ds mBdj uekt ds vkxs&ihNs lHkh dks txkdj

bZ’k fparukFkZ rRij jgus ds fy, Åaph vkokt esa dh gqbZ iqdkj] yydkjA dkjkxkj esa eqag&va/ksjs lHkh canh funzk/khu gksrs gSa] blfy, bl

izdkj fu”dkj.k ph[k&iqdkj djuk ljdkjh drZO;kuq:i fuf”k} gksrk gSA tc rd lqcg flikgh njoktk [kksydj xkfy;ka ugha nsrk] rc

rd cjlksa ls yach rkudj lksus dk vknh og O;fDr ¼xqaMk½ tc vpkud rM+ds mBdj Åaph vkokt esa ckax nsdj lkekftd ‘kkafr dks

Hkax djrk gS] rc mlds ihNs nq”vrk ds vfrfjDr vkSj dksbZ mn~ns’; gks gh ugha ldrkA ftl rjg izR;sd eqlyeku dk uekt i<+uk

drZO; gS] mlh rjg lkjh canh’kkyk dk xyk QkM+dj dksykgy djuk /kkfeZd n`f”V ls drbZ vko’;d ugha gSA ijarq ikl dh bekjr esa

jgusokys fganw dkfQj dh uhan mpkVdj] /kkfeZd <ky dh vkM+ esa naM ls cps jgus dh lqfo/kk gh bl ckax ds ihNs FkhA Hkkax Nkuus dh

ryc dks dSls jksdk tk ldrk gS!

vaneku ds dkjkxkj esa Hkh gesa ;gka ls b/kj ds dkjkx`g esa Hkstus ij rqjar gh eqlyeku cafn;ksa dks ;gh ryc yxhA mUgksaus eqag&va/ksjs

gj dksBjh ls ckax nsuk vkjaHk fd;kA uhan mpVus ls lHkh fganw rFkk czãns’kh; canh >qa>yk x,A vf/kdkfj;ksa ds MkaVus ij eqlyeku dgrs

&;g gekjh /kkfeZd fof/k gSA ;gha ij dg nwa fd czãns’kh; canh fganw laxBu ds dk;Z vFkkZr~ fganqvksaa ls ?kqy&feydj jgrs FksA

blds vfrfjDr bl ckr ij Hkh xkSj djuk pkfg, fd vaneku esa czãh yksxksa dks Hkz”V djuk eqlyekuksa dks loZFkk lk/; ugha gksrk Fkk]

D;kasfd fdlh ds lkFk [kku&iku ls /keZ Mwc tkrk gS vFkok vUu dk ,d dkSj [kkus ds lkfk vktUe gh ugha] vfirq larku ds lkr

tUe Hkz”V gks x,& ,slh ckr os ugha ekursA os ckS} laiznk;h vFkkZr~ fganw /keZ ds gh FksA ijarq os eqlyeku] bZlkbZ vkfn lkjs fo’o dk

[kk&ihdj ckS}&ds&ckS} gh cus jgrsA vr% ftl rjg lukruh] deZB fganqvksa dks Hkz”V djuk lgt laHko gks tkrk ml rjg czãh yksxksa

dks Hkz”V djuk eqlyekuksa ds fy, laHko ugha FkkA Hkz”Vkpkj ds ‘ks”k nks lk/kuksa ls vaneku fLFkr gtkjksa fganqvksa dks vFkok mudh mi’kk[kk

ds czãh yksxksa dks os fcydqy Hkz”V ugha dj ldsA xqaMkxnhZ vkSj [kku&iku }kjk gh tks fganw Hkz”V fd, x,] lks gks x,( ijarq bu nksuksa esa

czãns’k ds yksx eqlyekuksa ls chl gh FksA lqvj ds ekal ls ysdj] ftls eqlyeku Nwuk Hkh gjke le>rs gSa] pwgksa ds cPpksa ds vpkj

rd lHkh rjg dk Hkkstu czãh yksxksa ds fy, oS/k gSA muds lkFk Hkkstu djrs gq, dbZ ckj eqlyekuksa dk gh ilhuk NwV tkrkA czãh

279

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Ykksxksa ds ckS} /keZ dk ge gsrqiwoZd vkSj HkfDriwoZd ckj&ckj mYys[k djrs Fks vkSj muds eq[k ls jkek;.k] egkHkkjrkfn dFkk,a] ftUgsa

fganqvksa dh rjg gh muesa Hkh iwT; le>k tkrk gS&tku&cq>dj lqurs&lukrs FksA fganqvksa ds R;ksgkj vkSj muds R;ksgkj ge ijLij

lfEefyr gksdj laiUu djrs A mlls czãh yksxksa dh fganw laxBuksa ls lgt gh lgkuqHkwfr jgrhA muds nk<+h&ewaNfoghu dksey fd’kksjk sa]

;qodksa vkSj dqy feykdj mudh lkSE; lkfŸod tkfr ij iBkukfn eqlyekuksa esa ls Øwj rFkk mn~naM yksx] tks vR;kpkj djrs Fks] mlls

fganw laxBuksa }kjk ml u`’kal Øwj eqlyekuh izHkqRo dk ?keaM vPNh rjg ls rksM+ nsus ds dkj.k czãh yksxksa dks cM+h jkgr feyh FkhA vr%

muds eu esa gekjs rFkk fganqvksa ds fy, dqN vf/kd gh HkfDrHkko rFkk eeRo FkkA

Åij fufnZ”V ^ckax* dkaM ls rks fganqvksa dh rjg czãh yksx Hkh rax vk pqds FksA ckax ds minzo ls vf/kd fganw yksx bl vglkl ls Øw}

Fks fd muds vkxs /keZ dh ÅapkbZ iznf’kZr dj mUgsa uhpk fn[kkus ds fy, gh eqlyeku xqMs ;g u;k <ax viuk jgs gSaA ;g ns[kdj fd

vf/kdkjh eqlyekuksa ij ncko ugha Mkyrs] fganqvksa us Hkh rM+ds mBdj Åaps Loj esa izkFkZuk djuk vkjaHk fd;kA ge tc vaneku esa Fks]

rc Hkh ,d ^uekth* dks geus blh rjg lh/kk fd;k Fkk vkSj vkxs jRukfxjh ds canhx`g esa Hkh blh mik; dks viuk;k FkkA bl le;

vaneku esa ,d&nks O;fDr;ksa dk iz’u ugha Fkk] lHkh bl “kM~;a= esa ‘kkfey FksA fganqvksa }kjk tksj&tksj ls izkFkZuk ‘kq: djrs gh] tks

vf/kdkjh eqlyekuksa dks ckax yxkus ls jksd ugha ik jgs Fks] ogh fganqvksa ij ;g vkjksi yxkdj fd os Åaps naM nsus yxsA okLro esa

eqlyekuksa dks fganqvksa dk ;g mŸkj cM+k gh etsnkj FkkA Åaps Loj esa izkFkZuk djuk Hkys gh iwtk dk vax gks ;k uk gks] ijarq de&ls&de

‘ka[k Qwaduk rks fuf’pr gh iwtk dk vax FkkA vr% gekjs ,d mRlkgh lg;ksxh rFkk lnL; us] ftUgksaus bl dk;Z esa fganqvksa ds usr`Ro dk

Hkkj mBk;k Fkk] dkjkx`g dh viuh dksBjh esa ‘ka[k fNikdj j[kkA nwljs fnu mŸkj&jkf= ds le; eqlyekuksa }kjk ckax dh >M+h yxkuk

‘kq: djrs gh mlus viuh dksBjh ls tksj&tksj ls ‘ka[k ctkuk vkjaHk fd;kA ml dkfQj ds ‘ka[k dh vkokt ds lkeus ckax dh

fefe;kgV Qhdh iM+ xbZ] cspkjh ckax Hkz”V gks xbZA os eqlyeku xqaMs xqLls ls xkfy;ka cdus yxsA ml fganw usrk ij vfHk;ksx yxkk;k x;k

vkSj mls ‘ka[k Qwadus ds vkjksi esa naM fn;k x;kA mldh izfrfØ;k esa czãh vkSj lukruh yksxksa esa ls dbZ canh rM+ds mBdj ‘ka[k Qwadus

yxsA vc bl ‘kfDr’kkyh ‘ka[k ds vkxs ckax ds gkFk&ikao BaMs iM+ x,A vf/kdkfj;ksa us izfrdkjh eqlyekuksa dks eqagrksM+ mŸkj fn;k& ^’ka[k

iwtk dk vax gSA rqe gekjh ckr lquksA ckax nsuk can djks rks ge mUgsa ‘ka[k ctkuk can djus ds fy, ck/; djsaxsA*

280

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


rc og ckax yxuh can gks xbZA ftu xqaMksa dh cqf}okn ls vdy fBdkus ij ugha vkbZ Fkh] og bl ‘ka[kukn ls vk xbZA ,slk dk;Z Hkh]

ftlds lkeus cqf}okn ?kqVus Vsdrk gS] dHkh&dHkh dksbZ ^’ka[k* gh dj tkrk gSA

bl ‘kqf}dkaM vkSj vaneku ds canhx`g ds dqy o`Ÿkkar esa ogka ds eqlyekuksa dk nqHkkZX;o’k ckj&ckj mYys[k djuk gekjs fy, vfuok; Z gks

x;k gSA D;ksafd ogka ds nqjkpkjh cafn;ksa dh cLrh esa os izk;% eqlyeku gh Fks] tks /kekZa/krk ls xzLr FksA ijarq mudh ckr NksM+ nsa rks Hkh

vusd yksx tkurs gSa fd ml LFkku ij dqN lTtu eqlyeku Hkh Fks] ftuls ge ln~O;ogkj djrs FksA gekjs fy, Hkh ln~izo`r /kekZa/kksa ds

eu esa vR;kf/kd vknjHkko Fkk] D;ksafd ge /kekZarj.k rFkk vR;kpkj ds iz’u dks NksM+dj ‘ks”k gj dke esa fganqvksa dh rjg gh eqlyekuksa

dk Hkh i{k ysdj mudh U;k;laxr mfpr lgk;rk vo’; djrs FksA ge jktcafn;ksa us vaneku ds canh mifuos’k dk oU;] ccZj Lo:i

cnydj mls tks FkksM+k&cgqr ekuoh Lo:i fnyk;k vkSj ml la?k”kZ eas ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa dk dksiHkktu cudj tks rhoz rki lgk]

mldk ykHk eqlyeku cafn;ksa dks Hkh mruk gh feyk ftruk fganw cafn;ksa dksA vr% vk’p;Z rc gksrk Fkk tc mUgsa gekjk ftl rjg d`rK

gksuk pkfg, Fkk] oSls ugha gksrs Fks( vkSj ;g ckr gekjs fu”i{k iz;kl djus dk lPpk izek.k gS fd /kekZarj.k dk mŸkjnkf;Ro ge fganw ij

Hkh mruk gh Mkyrs Fks ftruk eqlyekuksa ijA

vR;kpkj ls /keZizpkj ugha

tks /keZ gesa lR; izrhr gksrk gS] mldk cqf}okn ls izlkj djuk izR;sd O;fDr dk vf/kdkj gSA eqlyeku izpkjdksa dk nks”k ;g gS fd os

;g izpkj xqaMkxnhZ] uhprk] gR;k] cykRdkj vkfn jk{klh] u`’kal lk/kuksa }kjk djus esa Hkh ugha f>>drsA izkphu dky esa bZlkbZ /keZ dk

izpkj Hkh blh rjg gksrk Fkk] ij vktdy muls lglk ,slk vR;kpkj ugha gksrkA ijarq eqlyeku /kekZa/krk vkt Hkh dbZ ckj vR;kpkj

ij mrk: gksrh gSA ekuk fd ;g nks”k v{kE; gS rFkkfi fganqvksa dh os :f<+;ka] tks fo/kehZ dks bl rjg ds vR;kpkj djus ds fy,

izksRlkfgr djrh gSa] /kekZarj.k ds ladV dh nks”kh gksrh gSaA gekjh rks ;gh Hkkouk gS fd fganw vius /kekZarxZr nks ?kkrd /kkj.kkvksa dks R;kx

nsa vkSj ‘kq} rFkk LoLFk LokLF;o/kZd vUu vFkok ty fdlh ds gkFkksa xzg.k djus esa dksbZ nks”k ugha ekusaA bruk gh ugha] v’kq} vUu

vFkok ty cyiwoZd xzg.k djuk Hkh iM+k rks Hkh mlesa rRdkyhu nks”k ls vf/kd fdlh izdkj dh Hkh Hkz”Vrk ‘kjhj ;k vkRek dks ugha

fpidrh] ;g ekusaA la{ksi esa] ;fn os ;g fu’p; dj ysa fd NqvkNkr ew[kZrkiw.kZ /kkj.kkvksa dh tks Vkaxsa ix&ix ij [kV[kV

mNyrh&Qndrh gSa] mUgsa rksM+

281

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


nsaxs vkSj NqvkNkr dh bl /kkj.kko’k ftu gtkjksa yksxksa dks vkt rd Lo/keZ ls oafpr gksuk iM+k] mUgsa iqu% Lo/keZ esa ykSVkdj Lolekt

esa mUgsa O;ogk;Z le>saxs] rks eqlyekuksa dk /kekZarj.k dk O;olk; vk/ks ls vf/kd pkSiV gqvk gh lef>,A ^NqvkNkr* tSls ,d gh ‘kCn

esa gekjh izk;% lHkh :f<+;ksa dh & tks gekjh lkekftd ,oa jk”Vªh; voufr dk dkj.k gSa& tMsa+ lekbZ gqbZ gSaA ^’kqf}* Hkh bl ^NqvkNkr*

ds jksx ds dkj.k vko’;d cu xbZ gSA

cfg”drkZvksa dh gh ‘kqf}

oLrqr% xksok tSls izkarksa esa] ftUgsa ek= bl ^NqvkNkr* dh Hkksyh ew[kZrkiw.kZ /kkj.kko’k geus vius ls vyx dj fn;k] muds tSls Lotuksa

dks iqu% fir`x`g esa okil ysrs le; mUgsa ‘kq} djus dh bruh vko’;drk ugha gS ftruh ge tSls yksxksa dks& ftUgksaus cyiwoZd mUgs a

fir`x`g ds ckgj fudkydj Hkhrj ugha vkus fn;k&viuh bl Kku fo?kkrd mn~naM Øwjrk ds fy, izk;f’pr djus dh t:jr gSA ‘kqf}

cfg”d`rksa dh ugha] vfirq ge cfg”drkZvksa dh gksuh pkfg,] ftUgksaus fujijk/k Lotuksa dks cfg”d`r fd;kA

gekjk fo’okl gS fd vUu& tykfn dh NwvkNkr dk R;kx rFkk /keZ cfg”d`rksa ds ‘kqf}dj.k dh :f<+] ;s nks lq/kkj.kk,a fganw vius lekt

esa djsaxs] rks ml ;ksx ls eqlyekuksa dks fganqvksa ds vkin~xzLr yksxksa dks Hkz”V djuk dfBu gksxk vkSj mu yksxksa dks] ftUgs a Hkz”V fd;k x;k

gS] laHkyuk mlls Hkh vf/kd dfBu gksxkA mlls os cqf}okn dh lgk;rk ls ftrus vf/kd fganqvksa dk /kekZarj.k dj ldrs vFkok mls

laHkky ldrs] mrus gh fganqvksa dks eqlyeku gksus ls vkSj mlh U;k;laxr jhfr ls eqlyekuksa dks Hkh fganw cukus esa fgnqvksa dks dksbZ

vkfiŸk ugha jgsxh&,d vkjs ls eqlyekuksa dh vR;kpkjh izo`fŸk voljlk/; u gksus ls rFkk fu”Qy fl} gksus ls de gksxh vkSj nwljh

vksj fganqvksa dk vius /keZ&cka/koksa dks Nhuk&>iVh ls ys tkusokys eqlyekuksa ds izfr tks LokHkkfod vkos’k gksrk gS og Hkh de gksxkA

ryokj rks nksuksa dh gh VwV pqdh gSA rŸo izlkj djus dk nksuksa dk gh vf/kdkj gSA fganw ^Hkz”Vrk* dh /kkj.kk ls viuh cqf} u djsaA

blls eqlyeku /kekZarj.k ds rhu lk/kuksa&Hkz”Vrk] ryokj vkSj rŸo&esa ls tks mUgsa vuqdwy gks x, gSa&rŸo gh U;k;laxr lk/ku ‘ks”k jgsxk

vkSj /kekZarj.k dk fookn feV tk,xkA vFkkZr~ og izpaM cgkuk gh nwj gksxk] tks fganw&eqlyekuksa dh rhoz Li/kkZ dk dkj.k FkkA

vr% ge ges’kk ;gh izfrikfnr djrs gSa fd fganq laxBu vkSj ‘kqf} dk;Z fganw&eqlyekuksa ds ‘kk’or fojks/k ds ugha] vfirq ‘kk’or ,drk

ds egŸoiw.kZ lk/ku

282

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gSaA blh n`f”V ls geus vaneku esa mldks Lohdkj fd;k FkkA lu~ 1923 esa geus ‘kqf}&dk;kZFkZ igyk fookn gkFk esa fy;k FkkA rHkh ls

lu~ 1920&21 rd vaneku esa] mlds ckn fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkj esa vkSj lu~ 1924 esa cjh gksus ds Ik’pkr~ vkt rd laxBu vkSj

‘kqf}¹57 dk;Z ds fy, blh U;k;laxr vkdka{kk ls ge iz;kljr gSaA eqlyeku ca/kq] bZlkbZ ca/kq vFkok ekuotkrh; fdlh ccZj ls Hkh ccZj

tkfr ls ge fo}s”k djrs gSa] u ?k`.kkA gka] muesa ls O;fDr;ksa dh ;k O;fDr la?k dh vR;kpkjh izo`fŸk dk izfrjks/k vo’; djrs gSa( D;ksafd

gesa vk’kk gS vkSj fo’okl gS fd bl ‘kqf} dh :f<+ ls gh fganw&eqlyekuksa dh ‘kk’or ,oa ykHknk;d ,drk ds fy, Hkkjh vkSj n`<+

lgk;rk feyusokyh gSA

57

Lok- ohj lkojdj us vius e`R;qi= esa ,slk fy[k j[kk gS fd ‘kqf} dk;kZFkZ gh ikap lgá :i, fn, tk,a&bl dk;Z ds laca/k esa mUgsa

var rd bruh vkLFkk ,oa fpark FkhA

283

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&3

;wjksih; teZu egk;q}

mŸkjk/kZ ds izFke izdj.k ls ikBdksa dks Kkr gqvk gksxk fd igys&igys jktcafn;ksa dks Lons’kh; jktuhfr ds lekpkj feyuk ftruk dfBu

Fkk mruk ckn esa ugha jgk FkkA izFker% cafn;ksa dks gh ugha vfirq ogka ds mPp vf/kdkfj;ksa dks Hkh jktuhfr esa fcYdqy Hkh :fp u gksus

ds dkj.k muds eu esa jktcafn;ksa dh lgk;rk djus dh ckr gks rks os iSls] esok] [kk| inkFkZ vkfn nsus yxrsa ijarq ^lekpkj nks* dgus

ls mudh le> esa ugha vkrk Fkk fd ;g lsok os dSls djsa\ Hkwxksy] bfrgkl vFkok izLrqr jktuhfr ds uke voxr u gksus ds dkj.k

lekpkj lquus ij Hkh cafn;ksa dks mldk Lej.k ugha jgrkA f’kf{kr Hkkjrh; vf/kdkfj;ksa esa dbZ ,sls Fks] ftUgksaus dsoy gekjs vu qjks/k ls

vkSj gesa lekpkj igqapkus ds fy, gh /;kuiwoZd lekpkj&i= i<+uk vkjaHk fd;k] rFkkfi jktcafn;ksa ds mins’k rFkk vkanksyu ls ogka ds

yksxksa dk jktuhfrd] ekufld okrkoj.k tSls&tSls foLr`r gksus yxk oSls&oSls gesa lekpkj feyus yxsA dgka rks dwMs+ dh xkM+h ls xanxh esa

lus dkxtksa ds QVs&phFkM+s pqurs gq, Lons’k dk lekpkj izkIr djus ds os fnu vkSj dgka lu~ 1914 ds os fnu] tc fiNys v/;k; esa

of.kZr fofHkUu Lons’kh lekpkj&i= lewps i<+us ds fy, feyrs Fks! vf/kdkfj;ksa dk jks”k de gksus ls ;s fnu ugha vk,] D;kasfd blh o”kZ

,d mŸkj fganqLFkkuh okWMZj dks ftldk uke ^czãfxjh* Fkk] gesa nwj ls jke&jke djrs gq, ,d eqlyekuh iBku raMsy us] ftldk uke

nkSyr [kku Fkk] ns[kk vkSj mls idM+dj okWMZj ds in ls gVkdj dBksj ifjJe ds dke ij Hkst fn;kA ysfdu ‘kh?kz gh nkSyr [kku dh

nkSyr Hkh feV~Vh esa fey xbZA dkj.k] og pksjh&pksjh ge cafn;ksa dk Hkkstu [kkrs gq, jaxs gkFk idM+ fy;k x;kA bl mnkgj.k ls ;g

Li”V gksxk fd jktcafn;ksa ls vkSj fo’ks”kr% gels dksbZ Hkh canh laidZ u j[ks] bl ij vf/kdkjh fdruk tksj nsrs FksA vf/kdkfj;ks a ds ,sls

:[k esa deh vkus ls ugha] vfirq cafn;ksa esa izpkj djus ls muesa jktuhfr dk Kku

284

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vkSj :fp c<+rh xbZA ifj.kker% igys ls vf/kd ek=k esa lekpkj feyus yxs] vkSj bl dkj.k ckjh tSls vf/kdkjh] tks igys dsoy gesa

ekufld ;kruk,a nsus ds fy, gh xi mM+krs Fks] mudk /ka/kk Bi gksus yxk& bruk fd mUgsa Hkkjrh; i{k dh thr ds dqN lekpkj ge gh

ns nsrsA bl izdkj ds ,d&nks euksjatd mnkgj.k nsrk gwaA

xouZj tujy ij ce

lu~ 1912 esa fnYyh esa HkO; jkt&lekjksg Fkk vkSj mlesa prqjax ny&cy lfgr gkFkh ij jklh rke>keokyh vackjh esa cSBs gq, rRdkyhu

xouZj tujy ykWMZ gkfMZx ij ce Qsads tkus ls bl lekjksg dk Hk;kud var gqvkA vaneku dkjkokl ds ofj”B vf/kdkjh] phQ

dfe’uj dks tSls gh ;g lekpkj¹58 feyk vkSj mlus ml xksiuh; ¼confidential½ lekpkj dks tSls gh vius vU; vf/kdkfj;ksa dks

crk;k] rRdky og lekpkj gesa Hkh gekjh dksBjh esa fey x;kA ekSf[kd :i esa rks lekpkj izkIr gksrk gh] ijarq mlds okgd vcks/k

O;fDr ls] dHkh dqN xyfr;ka Hkh gks gh tkrh Fkh] vr% izkr%dky tc ,d xksjk vf/kdkjh fuR; fu;ekuqlkj dke ns[kus ds fy, vk;k

vkSj gels ckr djus yxk] rks geus mlds eu dh Fkkg ikus vkSj ;g ns[kus ds fy, fd dgha og Hkh ;gh lekpkj nksgjkrk gS ;k ugha]

mlls lgt Hkko ls iwNk]^^fnYyh eas iwjk lekjksg fufoZ?u :i ls laiUu gks x;k u\** ml le; rd og lekpkj u feyus ds dkj.k

fuR; dh rjg ml vf/kdkjh us xoZ ls mŸkj fn;k] ^^gekjh lkezkT;&’kfDr dkog fojkV~ izn’k Zu ns[kdj vkids eqV~Bh Hkj Økafrdkfj;ksa ds

rksrs mM+ x, gksaxsA** ;g lqudj gesa galh vk xbZ] tks mls pqHk xbZA mlus iqu% dk;kZy; esa tkdj ns[kk rks ckjh us tsc ls fnYyh dk

rkj fudkydj mls ns fn;kA og rkj ns[krs gh ,d xkyh nsdj mlus dgk] ^^blesa dksbZ lansg ugha] bu jktcafn;ksa dks ;g lekpkj fey

x;k gSA** ckjh pkSad mBkA xqIr :i ls [kkst ‘kq: gks xbZA

ns[kk rks] u dsoy jktcafn;ksa ds oju~ canhx`g ds lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dh tcku ij Hkh ;gh lekpkj FkkA dpgjh esa ckjh dk rkaMo izkjaHk gks

x;kA ,d f’kf{kr ;qok canh ij] tks dkjkxkj esa fyfid Fkk vkSj tc ls og canh’kkyk esa izfo”V gqvk rHkh ls gels Lusg djrk Fkk] ckjh

dks lansg FkkA mls fujarj nks fnu rd rax djus ds ckn Hkh tc mlus ;g ugha crk;k fd eq>s ;g lekpkj fdlus fn;k] rc ckjh

lkgc xtZuk djus yxs] ^^Bgj] rq> ij dksM+s cjlkrk gwaA** og LokfHkekuh yM+dk Fkk] ^^ekjks]

58

23 fnlacj ds fnu ;g ce Qsadk x;kA bl laca/k esa 13 tuksa ij vfHk;ksx yxk;k x;kA muesa vehj pan] vo/k fcgkjh] cky eqdqan

vkSj olar dqekj fo’okl dks Qkalh gqbZA eq[; vfHk;qDr jkl fcgkjh cksl idM+s ugha x,A

285

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vHkh ekjks** dgrk gqvk dye j[k mBdj [kM+k gks x;kA mls Ik;Zos{kd ds ikl ys tk;k x;k] ijarq mlds fo:} dqN Hkh izek.k us

feyus ds dkj.k vkSj ljdkjh dke djus esa mldh rRijrk rFkk lqPkk: dk;Z iz.kkyh ls Ik;Zos{kd ds izHkkfor gksus ds dkj.k mlus dgk]

^^iqu% lansg djus yk;d ;fn lkojdj ls rqEgkjk laca/k fn[kkbZ fn;k rks rqe ij csar cjlk, tk,axsA vkt cl bruh gh psrkouh ds

lkFk rqEgsa NksM+ nsrk gwaA**

jktcafn;ksa dh lgk;rk djuk gekjk drZO; gh gS] fQj Hkys gh gesa naM feys( ,slksa dks NksM+dj Hkh ftu ns’klsod cafn;ksa ds eu esa

mi;qZDr lTtu tSlh Hkkouk Fkh] mlds dkj.k canh Hkh vc gekjh lgk;rk djus esa brus ugh ?kcjkrs FksA D;ksafd dHkh&dHkh vf/kdkfj;k sa

ds dksiHkktu dk y{; cudj mUgsa okWMZj&in ls oafpr gksuk iM+rk vFkok ckgj dBksj dke ds fy, Hkstk tkrk] rFkkfi ckgj Hkh

/khjs&/khjs ns’klsod vf/kdkfj;ksa dks vkSj cafn;ksa dk ny cu tkus ls jktcafn;ksa ds fy, vFkok jktuhfr ds fy, dksbZ ^VwV* dj vFkok

naM ikdj vkrs gh gekjs yksx mls dqN gydk&Qqydk vkjke dk dke ns nsrsA os FkksM+h&cgqr iSls dh deh dks Hkh nwj djrsA bl lg;ksx

ds vk/kkj ij canh ns’klsok dk viuk drZO; fuHkhZdrkiwoZd fuHkkrsA

geus tku&cq>dj ckjh dks nj’kk;k fd fnYyh ds ce dkaM dk lekpkj gesa fey pqdk gSA mn~ns’; ;g Fkk fd ;fn ,slk izlax ns[kdj

mls ,d ckj gesa lekpkj ugha feyus nsus dk iz;kl dh O;FkZrk dk cks/k gks x;k rks cafn;ksa dks fcuk fdlh dkj.k ls fNViqV ckrksa ds

fy, og rax ugha djsxkA ;g ns[kdj fd pkgs dqN Hkh djks] gesa lekpkj feyrs gh gSa] og Fkd x;kA dHkh&dHkh og gels Li”V ‘kCnksa

esa dg nsrk vkSj lqifjaVsaMsaV ls Hkh dgrk] ^^jktcafn;ksa dk vkil esa ckrphr can djuk vkSj mUgsa ckgj ls lekpkj u feyus nsuk&eSa gh

ugha vfirq ¼Even if the devil be sent here as a jailor instead of me½ og ‘kSrku Hkh gfFk;kj Mky nsxkA** vkxs rks og bl okD;

dks ckj&ckj nksgjkrk vkSj loZ/kk fu<ky gksdj dsoy mls gh lekpkj lquus&lqukus ds vijk/k esa idM+rk tks lkeus vk tkrkA bruk gh

ugha] gesa lekpkj feyrs gSa] bldk ge ckj&ckj vkHkkl djkrs Fks] ftlls ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ,d loZFkk foijhr mik; dk lgkjk

ysuk iM+kA gesa tks lekpkj izkIr gksrk] dHkh&dHkh og jkbZ dk igkM+ cuk gqvk feyrk] D;kasfd lekpkjokgd vcks/k gksrsA mnkgj.kkFkZ]

fnYyh ds ce dkaM esa ^pkj cM+s&cM+s ykWMlZ ekjs x,*& bl rjg cktkj esa yksx ppkZ djus yxsA ,slh voLFkk esa lekpkj jksdus vFkok

fNikdj j[kus dk vdkj.k Dys’k fu”Qy lgrs jgus ls Åcdj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks gks’k vkuk LokHkkfod FkkA os dgrs] ^^bl rjg lekpkj

fNikdj bl vK vfr’k;ksfDr dh gkfu ls rks Js;Ldj og

286

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gkfu gS] tks Lo;a lekpkj nsus ls gksxhA** vkSj oLrqr% mUgsa ;g igys gh le> ysuk pkfg, FkkA rc ls os gesa lekpkj&i= Hkh nsus yxs

vkSj tc Lo;a ckjh ls lekpkj&i= dHkh&dHkh feyus yxs rc jktcafn;ksa dk dgha ls Hkh fod`r rFkk viDo lekpkj izkIr djus dk

vizdV iz;kl Hkh de gksuk LokHkkfod gks x;kA

fnYyh&ce dkaM dk lekpkj geus izkIr fd;k] bl laca/k esa gels izfr’kks/k ysus ds fy, ckjh us ,d fnu dkjkxkj esa ;g xi mM+kbZ fd

lkojdj dk NksVk HkkbZ blh ce dkaM esa idM+k x;k gSA

;g bruk vlaHkouh; rks ugha Fkk] D;ksafd lpeqp gh ml ekeys esa mls vR;f/kd eqlhcrsa lguh iM+hA ijarq ml le; gesa dqN irk

ugha Fkk] blfy, LokHkkfod Fkk fd ;g tkuus ds fy, ge mRlqd gks x, fd ;g lR; gS ;k vlR;A nksigj esa Ik;Zos{kd us Hkh lgt <ax

ls gels dgk] ^^D;ksa\ vc dsoy vkidk NksVk HkkbZ gh ckgj jg x;k gS u!**

blls igys fd ge mŸkj nsrs] ckjh gh lfLer dgus yxs] ^^HkbZ] lcz djksA og Hkh ‘kh?kz gh b/kj vk,xkA** mls bl rjg fuyZTtkiwoZd

fueZe] dBksj O;aX; dlus dh vknr Fkh ghA fdafpr >qa>ykrs gq, geus dgk] ^ôg gh D;ks a egk’k;] fganqLFkku dk dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ;gka vk

ldrk gSA iwjk fganqLFkku gh ,d izpaM canh’kkyk gS vkSj vk;jySaM HkhA** ckjh vk;fj’k gksus ds dkj.k rfud f[kfl;k lk x;k] rc

Ik;Zos{kd us dgk] ^ûk&uk] ;g eSa ugha tkurk fd og Mjiksd gSA** eSaus mlls dqN lekpkj mxyokus ds fy, iwNk] ^^Hkyk og dSls\**

lqifjaVsaMsaV us dgk] ^^fnYYkh dk lekpkj lqurs gh mlus vius vki ?kcjkrs gq, iqfyl ds izeq[k vf/kdkjh dks rkj Hkstk êSa dydŸkk esa

gwaA vkxs&ihNs vki eq> ij vkjksi yxk,axs] blhfy, igys gh lwfpr djrk gwa*A** eSaus dgk] ^^rks fQj iwjs dydŸkk eas ogh ,d prqj

rFkk cqf}eku O;fDr gSA tkfgj gS fd ce mlus ugha QsadkA ijarq vxj Qsadk Hkh gksrk rks Hkh mls blh rjg iqfyl dks rqjar rkj Hkstdj

pdek nsuk pkfg, FkkA ugha] og Mjiksd ugha gS] tks nq”V ‘k=q ij okj djds f[kld tkus esa Hkh lQy gksrk gS] ogh lPpk ‘kwj gSA**

gekjk ;g ekufld Dys’kksa ls larIr mŸkj lqudj Ik;Zos{kd Hkh pkSad iM+k vkSj vf/kd dqN Hkh u dgdj ogka ls pqipki f[kld x;kA

nks&rhu fnu ge blh fpark esa v’kkar vkSj vU;euLd Fks fd vuqt dgha lpeqp gh foin~xzLr rks ugha gSA iqu%&iqu%&

^^dh ?ksrys ozr ufg vfEg va/krs us

yC/kizdk’k bfrgkl&fulxZ ekusA

287

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ts fnO;] nkgd Eg.kwfu vlko;kps

^cq/;kfp* ok.k /kfjys dfj gs lrhpsAA¹59

¼ugha fy;k geus ;g ozr va/krk esa

fy;k bls bfrgkl vkSj izd`fr ds izdk’k esa

tks fnO;] ngdrk gh gksxk ges’kk

,slk lfr ozr tku&cq>dj fy;k geusA½**

;g in eu&gh&eu nksgjkrs gq, ^vc tks gksxk lks gksxk* dgrs gq, eu dks vk’oLr dj jgs FksA ijarq vkxs lR; lekpkj Kkr gksus ij

;g fpark Hkh tkrh jghA bl rjg vdkj.k ekufld ;kruk nsus ds fy, ckjh tks iz;kl djrk] mlls lacaf/kr ,d vkSj mnkgj.k ;kn gks

vk;k gSA ,d fnu mUgksaus iwNk] ^^ykyk gjn;ky dkSu gS\**

ykyk gjn;ky

eSaus dgk fd tc x`gea=h vk, Fks rc mUgksaus eq>s vkids lkeus crk;k Fkk fd ^ykyk gjn;ky vesfjdk esa Økafrdkjh i{k ds usrk FksA*

;g vki Hkh vPNh rjg ls tkurs gSaA muls lacaf/kr dqN fo’ks”k ckr gks rks crkb,A ckjh us pqids ls ;g lekpkj fn;k fd ykyk

gjn;kyth dks gR;k ds vkjksi esa idM+dj cacbZ yk;k x;k gSA gekjk fny ngy x;kA gekjs lkfFk;ksa esa izeq[k lg;ksxh rFkk rRdkyhu

Økafrdkfj;ksa dk usrk idM+k x;kA vc muds thou dh] vkRelEeku dh gekjs ln`’k gh /kfTt;ka mMs +xh\ ;g bl ns’k dk nqHkkZX; gSA gesa

mu fnuksa dk Lej.k gks vk;k] tc gesa Hkh blh rjg fons’k esa idM+dj yk;k x;k FkkA bldh Vksg ysus] iwNrkN ds fy, okWMZj dks xqIr

:i ls ckgj HkstkA mls ml uke dks Lej.k j[kuk dfBu gks x;kA mls bl ckj rksrkjVar djokbZA eu rks [kh> vkSj >qa>ykgV ls

Hkjk gh Fkk fd gekjs ns’k dh ;g dSlh nqnZ’kk! Tkks yksx flj ij dQu cka/kdj ns’k&fons’k esa nj&nj dh Bksdjsa [kkrs gq,] Loh/khurk ds

fy, viuh tku dh ckth yxkrs gq, tw> jgs gSa] mudk uke rd bl d`r?u ns’k ds fy, vKkr gSA bl fopkjksa ls esjk flj HkUuk

x;kA lkFkh jktcafn;ksa us ml ij ikuh Mky eq>s FkksM+k ‘kkar fd;ka mlh le; Ik;Zos{kd nsfud fujh{k.k ds fy, vk;k vkSj eq>ls iwNk]

^^D;ksa th] D;k ;g lp gS fd gjn;ky vkids fe= Fks\** eSaus Li”V fd;k] ^^th gka] eq>s mudh fe=rk dk lEeku izkIr gks pqdk gSA** os

cksys] ^^mUgsa gR;k ds vfHk;ksx esa idM+k x;k gSA fnYyh ds ce dkaM esa Hkh mudk gkFk gSA** eSaus dgk] ^^gksxkA ,slk gksus ls Hkh muds

izfr esjs àn; esa tks

59

yanu esa lu~ 1910 esa tc ohj lkojdj idM+s x, rc mUgksaus viuh HkkHkh dks ^esjk e`R;q&i=* ‘kh”kZd ls ,d lkaRouk] ij i= Hkstk

FkkA ;g in mlesa ls mn~/k`r gSA

288

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Lusg vkSj lEeku gS mlesa jŸkh Hkj dh deh ugha vk,xhA** esjs bl nks&Vwd mŸkj vkSj esjh rIr eqnzk ls Ik;Zos{kd us lgt Hkkai fy;k

fd vkt ds rsoj fuR; dh Hkkafr galrs] [ksyrs rFkk uje fouksnokys ugha] vfirq {kqC/k gSaA fo”k; cnydj og pyrk cukA esjs bu

nks&Vwd] /k`”Vkiw.kZ mŸkjksa ls jktcanh fpafrr gks x,A eSaus dgk] ^^eSa lc le>rk gwaA ijarq ;g dk;jrk eq>ls ugha gks jgh Fkh fd gjn;ky

idM+s tk,a vkSj mlh fnu ge mudk xkSjo djuk rks nwj] muds Lusg&laca/kksa dks Hkh Lohdkj djus esa fgpfdpk,aA gjn;ky esjs lqàn gSaA

eq>s vkSj D;k naM nsaxs\ a a a agesa ;g lh[kuk gksxkA gjn;ky ds _.k ls eqDr gksus dk ;gh ,dek= ekxZ gSA**

/khjs&/khjs eu ‘kkar gksdj lgh lekpkj ikus ds ihNs iM+ x;kA ,d&nks fnu esa irk pyk fd os vesfjdk esa idM+s x,A¹60 ijarq ¼tekur

ij½ NwV x,A ge jktcanh vc vkrs&tkrs ckjh ls iwNus yxs] ^^gjn;ky vc cacbZ esa gSa ;k mUgsa fnYyh yk;k x;k\** og le>rk] lR;

gh ;s yksx vKku esa gSaA vr% og dgrk] ^^fnYyh esaA** ,d fnu rks egk’k; brus cgd x, fd cksys] ^^gjn;ky dks naM fey x;k gSA

‘kh?kz gh iksVZ Cysvj pkyku gksxkA** geus viuh galh nckrs gq, dgk] ^^nsf[k,] os b/kj vk tk,a rks mUgsa b/kj esjh dksBjh ds fudV dh

dksBjh gh nhft,] ,d ckj muls th Hkjdj ckrsa rks dj ywaA**

rc Hkh eeZ u le>rs gq, gekjh yisV esa vkrs gq, canhiky us xaHkhj eqnzk cukrs gq, dgk] ^^bl ij fopkj djsaxsA** bl okD; ds lkFk

gh iafDr esa cSBs ikap&nl jktcanh galh jksdus esa vleFkZ gks tksj&tksj ls galus yxsA rc dgha og vukM+h le>k fd mUgsa blls iwo Z gh

esjh xi dh iksy Kkr gks xbZ gS vkSj ;s eq>s mYyw cuk jgs gSaA

dqN fnuksa ds Ik’pkr~ gesa fuf’pr lekpkj feyk fd gjn;ky vesfjdh ljdkj dks >kalk nsdj Hkkx x,A bruk gh ugha] vfirq vesfjdh

ljdkj us LosPNk ls ;g >kalk [kk;kA dqN Hkh gks] gjn;ky ds fufoZ?u NqVdkjs dk lekpkj lqurs gh gekjs flj ls ,d cks> mrj x;kA

lqjsanzukFk cuthZ

fganqLFkku ds iz[;kr usrkvksa ds fo”k; esa vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk blh izdkj ds gs; O;aX;ksn~xkj vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk fudkyus dk ,d vk Sj mnkgj.k

dkyØe NqVus ij Hkh vuqla/kkukFkZ j[krk gwaA gekjk LokLF; vkxs cgqr gh fxj x;k vkSj geus :X.k’k¸;k

60

16 ekpZ] 1914 ds fnu gjn;ky idM+s x, vkSj tekur ¼bail½ ij cjh gks x,A cjh gksrs gh os fLoV~tjySaM f[kld x,A

289

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


idM+hA rc ,d ckj vaneku ds phQ dfe’uj gesa ns[kus vk, FksA os eq>ls fuR; f’k”Vrkiw.kZ O;ogkj djrsA ckrksa&gh&ckrksa esa mUgks aus

dgk] ^^dqN gh fnu iwoZ eSa ;wjksi ls fganqLFkku vk jgk Fkk fd eq>s lqjsanzukFk cuthZ tgkt ij feys FksA muls ifjp; gksrs gh mUgksaus

iwNk] ^lkojdj dk LokLF; dSlk gS\ vkSj mUgksaus ;g Hkh iwNk fd ;fn muls laosnuk izdV djus vkSj jktcafn;ksa dh fLFkfr izR;{k ns[kus

vaneku vkuk pkgwa rks D;k eq>s vuqefr fey ldrh gS*\** ;g lqudj eSaus phQ dfe’uj ls iwNk] ^^rks fQj vkius D;k dgk\** mUgkasus

mŸkj fn;k] ^^eSaus dgk] vkb,A ijarq fuf’pr mŸkj ckn esa lwfpr d:axkA ij lkojdj] vkids lqjsanzukFk vk x, rks mUgsa Bgjkus ds

fy, vkids lkFkokyh canh&dksBjh ls vf/kd lqfo/kktud LFkku vaneku esa gekjs ikl ugha gSA** eSaus Hkh mlh rjg lfLer eqnzk ds lkFk

dgk] ^^D;ks\ phQ dfe’uj dh dksBh tks gSA nks fnu phQ dfe’uj lkgc bl canh&dksBjh esa jgsa] ;|fi og vfrfFk egksn; dh

;ksX;rkuq:i rks ugha gS] ij tks gS] tSlh gS] og dksBh mudks lkSaisaA**

;gka ij ;g Hkh crkuk gekjk drZO; gS fd caxky ds bl o`} ;ks}k] lqjsanzukFk th us vkfn ls var rd jktcafnk;ksa vkSj esjs izfr ftl

vkLFkk dk izn’kZu fd;k vkSj ^caxkyh* ls ysdj ^fof/k eaMy* ¼dkSafly½ rd esjh tks lgk;rk dh] mruh fganqLFkku ds vU; fdlh Hkh usrk

us dnkfpr~ gh dh gksxhA gesa jg&jgdj bl ckr dk [ksn gS fd gekjk ;g vkHkkj&izn’kZu lquus ds fy, vkt og ns’kHkDr ugha jgkA

iwokZ/kZ esa geus lk/kkj.kr% lu~ 1914 ds e/; rd dkjkokl dh viuh dFkk igqapkbZ FkhA gM+rky ds ifj.kkeLo:i jktcafn;ksa dh ekaxs

Lohd`r gqbZa vkSj geus dke ‘kq: fd;kA ;g lekpkj feyrs gh phQ dfe’uj dks Hkh ,d >a>V lekIr gqvk yxk vkSj igys dHkh fdlh

dks u Hkstk x;k ,d i= Hkstdj¹61 esjk vfHkuanu fd;k vkSj ge bl fpark ls O;xz gksdj fd bl dkjkxkj esa bl ,d gh dksBjh esa

pkSng o”kZ dSls fudkysa] dkyØe.k djus yxsA dkjkxkj esa vkus ij rks ;gh lkspk Fkk fd vf/kd&ls&vf/kd ikap o”kZ bl dkjkxkj esa

fcrkus iMs+axsA ijarq vc pkSng cjlksa dh ;g yach] va/ksjh lqjax] tks gekjs thou&jFk ds fy, vVy] vifjgk;Z Fkh] eqag QkM+s lkeus vk

xbZA

}hikarj okl dk naM ikrs gh vaneku ds fu;eksa dh iqfLrdk i<+dj geus viuh ;qok iRuh dks vk’oklukFkZ ,d dforkc} i= fy[kdj

lwfpr fd;k Fkk fd vf/kd&ls&vf/kd ikap o”kZ /khjt j[kksA mlds Ik’pkr~ vaneku esa gh lgh] ge izse dh dqfV;k esa lkFk feysaxs vk Sj

vius gkFkksa ls cukbZ xbZ dqfV;k ds vkxs eaMyh ij

61

bl i= dh rkjh[k 26 twu] 1914 gSA

290

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Qwyksa ls ynh&Qnh csyk] eksfr;k] ekyrh] twgh dh yrk&oYykfj;ksa ds lkFk Lusg laca/k tksM+dj jl&cl tk,axs] tulaidZ ugha rks u lghA

Ikjarq vc og vk’kk Hkh fu”Qfyr gks xbZA vkt tks foink dfBu&ls&dfBu le>dj Lohdkj djsaA ogh dy vkusokys ladVksa ds lkeus

lkekU; izrhr gksrh] d”Vksa dh ,slh >M+h yx xbZA tks Hkh vkrk og chrs gq, dks Bhd dgrkA ,sls ekufld mŸkki esa dYiuk dh

csyk&pesyh Hkh lw[k xbZ] dYiuk&l`f”V dh ueh ls Hkh izk.k oafpr gks x,A

Mlesa Hkh gekjs d”V esa Hkkxhnkj gq, vk Sj ladV esa geij vR;ar isze vkSj HkfDrHkko j[kusokys gekjs jktcanhoku lgrih gekjh gh dh

gqbZ ekax ds v/khu fganqLFkku Hksts x, vkSj mUgsa ogak ds dkjkokl ds fu;eksa ds vuqlkj naM esa NwV feysxh] bldh [kq’kh Hkh gksrh Fkh]

blls eu cgqr mnkl gks x;kA dksbZ izse ls cqyk,] fdlh dks LkLusg vk cSB dgas] ,slh mRdV bPnk gksrh] ij eerke; euq”; ml

fu”Bqj dkjkx`g esa dkSu feysxk\ eu&gh&eu lksprk jgrkA ‘kwU; yach&yach jkrsa dVrs u dVrh FkhA u;k Lusg] ubZ ?kVuk] vk’kkvksa ls

Hkjk dqN u;k [kk| u feyus ls Le`fr ds dikVks a esa ls iqjkuh Le`fr;ka] chrh gqbZ ?kVuk,a] vrhr dh e/kqj Lusg Le`fr;ka fudky&fudky

muls ØhM+k djrs cSBs jgrsA ijarq bl fofp= Hkkstu ls Hkw[k dSls ‘kkar gksrh\ dHkh&dHkh bl {kq/kk ls vkdqfyr fodkj vkSj fopkj pksjksa

dh fdlh vdky ihfM+r Hk;adj Hkw[kh Vksyh ln`’k naxk&Qlkn djds fonzksg ij mrk: gksrsA fdlh Hkh rjg ls mudk ‘keu nq”dj FkkA

^Hkw[k! Hkw[k!* vkØks’k djrs os fpŸk dk ukdksa ne dj nsrsA bl rjg eghus chr pysA cl] gekjs lkFk da/ks ls da/kk feykdj [kM+s vkSj

Dys’kksa esa lg;ksxh gekjs ca/kqoxZ dks gh bl ckr dk vglkl gksxk fd mu fnuksa gekjk thou fdruk nqLlg Fkk] D;ksafd og bl izdkj

fo;ksx ls fo”k..k] ,dkar ls la=Lr rFkk Lusg&izse ds fy, vkdqfyr Fkk] rFkkfi mlesa ;g vglkl thfor Fkk fd drZO; djrs jguk gh

gksxkA drZO; djrs Hkh jgs] ij eqfDr dh vk’kk ugha FkhA rhljk Hkh ,d ekxZ FkkA og ;g fd canhx`g ls eqfDr feyus ij drZO; djrs

gq, Hkh eqfDr dks lk/; djus dh laHkkoukA mlh ds fy, ;FkklaHko fu;e&Hkax ds Qans esa u Qalrs gq, geus izrh{kk dh fd vkt ugha rks

dy ckgj tkuk laHko gksxkA ijarq var esa ;g fu’fpr vkns’k izkIr gksus ij fd pkSng cjl dkjkx`g esa jguk gh gksxk] ckgj fudyrs

gq, eqfDr izkfIr dh laHkkouk Hkh vLrizk; gks xbZA gesa Lo;a Kkr ugha fd os fujk’kktud vlã igkM+ tSls fnu geus dSls dkVsA

291

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vaxsztksa ds nkekn ls ;q}

bl izdkj dqN eghus chrsA brus esa gesa ckgj ls ;g lekpkj izkIr gks x;k fd vaxsztksa dk fdlh vU; ns’k ls egklej fNM+ x;k gSA

izFke bl cktk: xi ij fo’okl ugha gqvk] D;ksafd cafn;ksa dks viuh fujk’kktud voLFkk esa ,slh fdlh dkYifud vk’kk dk vk/kkj

Fkkeus dh vknr lh iM+ tkrh gSA dksbZ&u&dksbZ gj pkj&ikap eghuksa esa fdlh ^tqfcfy* ds mRlo dh ;k rnFkZd gksusokyh can eqfDr dh

xi mM+k nsrkA Mwcrs dks bl dkYifud fruds dk vk/kkj ikus dh Hkh bPNk gksrhA dqN fnu blh xi dks ysdj O;rhr gksrsA vkxs pydj

og >wB fl} gksrhA grus esa vQokg dk dksbZ vU; frudk dyiuk ij rSjrk gqvk muds lkeus ygjkrk] ;q} rks ‘kq: gks x;k] ij

fdlls\ ;g iDdk fdlh dks Kkr ugha] dkj.k vKkrA Hkkjrh; canh dks iwjs fo’o esa ek= nks jkT; Kkr Fks&vaxzst vkSj vehjA eqlyeku

dks rqdhZ ds vfLrRo dk vglkl jgrkA vr% ;q} fNM+us ij dksbZ dgrk&og vehj ds lkFk fNM+ x;k] dksbZ dgrk&rqdhZ lsA nksuksa esa ls

pkgs fdlh ls Hkh gks] mlls vaxsztksa dk cky Hkh ckadk ugha gksusokyk Fkka vr% nks&rhu fnu geus m/kj vf/kd /;ku ugha fn;ka ijarq vkxs

pydj ;g lekpkj izkIr gqvk fd vaxzstksa us vius nkekn ls gh ;q} dh ?kks”k.kk dh gSA ;g nkekn dkSu gS\ gekjs ckgjh eq[kfcj ekSf[kd

:i esa teZuh dk uke Hkstrs] ijarq vK nafMrksa dks] tks bl lekpkj dks Hkhrj ykrs] ml uke dk foLej.k gksus ds dkj.k os cl bruk

gh dgrs] muls ;q} fNM+ x;k gS] ftls vaxzstksa us viuh csVh nh gSA mu jktk&egkjktkvksa dh csVh ds ysu&nsu dh /kkj.kk os le> ldrs

FksA ijarq ge vlaetl esa iM+ x,A gksrs&djrs ,d fyf[kr fpV~Bh eaxokbZA mlls Li”V cks/k gqvk fd vaxsztksa dk teZuh ls ;q} fNM+us

dh laHkkouk gSA Ýkal ls rks fHkM+ar gks Hkh pqdh gSA

teZuh dk vaxzstksa ls ;q}&vusd o”kksaZ ls ftldh izrh{kk Fkh] og Lo.kZ ?kM+h vk gh xbZA ij og ,slh fu:ik; voLFkk esa a aa a a a ;g dsoy

bfrgkl!

;|fi blls igys dbZ ckj dgk gS] rFkkfi Hkkezd vuqeku Vkyus ds fy, iqu% ,d ckj Li”V djrk gwa fd geus bl lkjs dFku esa tks

fopkj vFkok Hkkoukvksa dk o.kZu fd;k gS vFkok Hkfo”; eas Hkh o.kZu djsaxsA os fopkj vkSj Hkkouk,a ml fo’ks”k le; ij mRiUu gqb Z FkhA

dksbZ ,slk vuqeku us djs fd ml fo’ks”k le; ij mRiUu gksus ls ge vkt Hkh muls lger gh gSaA ;g dsoy bfrgkl gS] mldk

leFkZu ughaA

teZuh dk /;ku fganqLFkku dh jktuhfr dh vksj gksus esa lcls igys ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds iz;kl gh izeq[k :i ls dkj.khHkwr gq, FksA ge

;wjksi esa tc x, rc teZu] Ýsap] vk;fj’k] rqdZ ¼r:.k rqdZ½] feJ vkfn ijjkf”Vª;ksa ls laokn djrs le; gesa

292

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


bl ckr dk Li”V vuqHko gksrk fd ;qjksi esa ;g dYiuk gh ugha Fkh fd fganqLFkkuh dksbZ ltho yksx Hkh gksrs gSaA jk”Vª dh n`f”V l s dksbZ

fganqLFkku dk vfLrRo ekurk gh ugha FkkA muds fopkj ls og ,d e`r laLd`fr gS vkSj varjkZ”Vªh; jktuhfr dh ckth esa bl iŸks dk

xkS.k iz;ksx djuk Hkh vlaHko gSA ijarq ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds baXySaM esa fd, gq, >xM+ksa ls baXySaM ds lekpkj&i=ksa rFkk turk esa tSls gh

fganqLFkku fo”k;d [kycyh eph] oSls gh ;wjksi ds /kwrZ] pkyckt usrkvksa dk /;ku fganqLFkku dh vksj vkdf”kZr gksus yxkA fo’ks”kr% Ýkal

vkSj teZuh esa fganqLFkku dh vkdka{kkvksa dh ?kks”k.k djus ds fy, ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds izeq[k O;fDr;ksa ds iz;kl pyrs jgrsA eSMe dkek ds

teZuh esa gq, ,d O;k[;ku dk mYys[k gekjs vfHk;ksx esa fd;k x;k gSA mlds ckn ogka ds lekpkj&i=ksa esa Økafrdkfj;ksa ds ys[k Hkh

dHkh&dHkh izdkf’kr gksrsA vkxs pydj enuyky /khaxjk }kjk dh xbZ lj dtZu ok;yh dh nk:.k gR;k] mldk fuHkZ;rk ls Qkalh ij

p<+uk vkSj ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds vU; usrkvksa rFkk muds vkanksyu ij teZuh vkSj Ýkal esa vaxsztksa dh [kqfQ;k iqfylksa }kjk ihNk djuk

vkfn dkj.kksa ls ;wjksi esa Hkkjrh; jk”Vª dh jktuhfrd ‘kfDr ij fo’okl c<+rk x;kA /khaxjk us viuh iSjoh ds le; fn, x, iz[kj

c;ku ¼statement½ esa teZuksa dk mYys[k fd;k FkkA mlds Ik’pkr~ ;g [kkstus ds fy, fd gekjh iqLrd ^lŸkkou ds Økafr;q} dk bfrgkl* dh NikbZ dk dke dgak py jgk gS] teZuh esa vaxzst iqfyl }kjk fujh{k.k vkjaHk gks x;k FkkA ml le; muesa ls dqN teZu

vf/kdkfj;ksa ds gesa lans’k Hkh vk, FksA ,sls gh ,d izlax esa teZu iqfyl ds ,d gLrd us ,d Hkkjrh; Økafrdkjh }kjk] tks teZuh esa

jgrk Fkk] gesa ,d vkikfrd lans’k Hkstk Fkk fd ^vki ‘kh?kz gh idM+s tk,axs] vr% lans’k feyrs gh baXySaM NksfM+,A* ^ryokj* uked

^vfHkuo Hkkjr* dk eq[ki= tc ‘kq: gks x;k rc mlds igys gh vad esa ^dhy* ugj ds ?kksVkys dk foLr`r o.kZu djrs gq, fy[kk Fkk

fd ikap&Ng o”kksaZ eas gh baXySaM dk teZuh ls ;q} fNMs+xkA ml le; fganqLFkku dh Lok/khurk dk lek/kku gksus dk Lo.kkZolj vkusokyk gSA

vkxs eklsZfyl esa gekjh eqfDr ds fy, gekjs }kjk fd, x, lkgl izn’kZu rFkk iwjs ;wjksi esa Hkkjrh; Økkafrdkfj;k sa ds iz;Ruksa rFkk

vkdka{kkvksa dh rFkk mudh iz’kalk ds fy, muds izk.k&R;kxksa dh ppkZ vkajHk gks xbZA fganqLFkku esa ?kfVr mFky&iqFky dh vis{kk muds }kj

ij gh ?kfVr vusd Hk;adj ,oa mR{kksHkd d`R;kas ls ;wjksi esa blrjg dh Hkkouk mRiUu gks xbZ fd fganqLFkku tSlk jk”Vª vHkh ejk ugha gS

vkSj vaxsztksa dks og vR;ar Dys’knk;h fl} gksxk rFkk og vius gkFk dk Hkkoh

62

62

1- 1 tqykbZ] 1901

2- 8 tqykbZ] 1910

293

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


lk/ku gSA teZuh vkSj baXySaM ds chp rhoz izfr}af}rk gksus ds dkj.k teZuh esa ;g Hkkouk vf/kd n`<+ gks xbZ vkSj gekjs idM+s tkus ds

i’pkr~ teZu usrkvksa dk Hkkjrh; Økafrdkfj;ksa ls fof/kor~ xqIr lac/ak tksM+us dk iz;kl vkjaHk gqvkA ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds ,d&nks dk;ZdrkZ

rFkk cqf}eku usrk bu iz;klksa dk ykHk mBkus ds fy, teZuh esa gh tkdj jgus yxs vkSj mu usrkvksa ds] tks vesfjdk x, Fks] izLFkkfir

fd, gq, ^xnj* i= esa bl rjg ds iz{kksHkd ys[k izdV :i esa vkus yxs fd ‘kh/kz gh egk;q} gksuk laHko gS] ml volj ij Lons’k dh

eqfDr dk mxz iz;kl djus ds fy, rS;kj gks tkb,A

;g Hkwfedk la{ksi esa ;gka izLrqr djus dk izeq[k mn~ns’; ;g gS fd mlls ikBdx.k bldh dYiuk dj ldsa fd teZu egk;q} dk vkjaHk

gksus dk lekpkj feyrs gh gekjs vfHkuo Hkkjrh; dk;ZØe ds vuqlkj og lekpkj vuisf{kr u gksrs gq, Hkh bl rjg dh vlgk;

voLFkk esa jgs fd ml fpjkdkaf{kr ?kVuk dk Hkh mldk iwjk&iwjk ykHk u ys lds& blds fy, ge fdrus NViVk jgs gksaxsA vc bldk

foLr`r ys[kk&tks[kk nsus dh vko’;drk ugha fd gekjh rRdkyhu Hkkouk, a rFkk ;kstuk,a D;k gks ldrh gSa\

Lo;a vlgk; voLFkk esa gksus ds dkj.k] Lojk”Vª dh laHkkfor eqfDr dk Lo.kZolj] tks lfn;ksa esa ,d&nks ckj gh vkrk gS] vk;k gS] ;g

ns[kdj esjk eu cgqr NviVk;k rFkkfi geus fu’p; fd;k fd bl voLFkk esa Hkh ‘kh?kz gh bl Lo.kZolj dk ioZ viuh ekr`Hkwfe ds gkFk

ls fQlydj u tk,] blfy, tks nkao&isp yM+kuk laHko gS] og ge vo’; yM+k,axsA

brus esa Lo;a Ik;Zos{kd us fujh{k.k ds fnu gels dgka fd ^;wjksi esa ,d cM+k cgqjk”Vªh; ;q} fNM+ x;k gS vkSj rqdhZ teZuh ds i{k esa

pyk x;k gSA bl ;q} ds fy, iksVZ Cysvj esa pank bdV~Bk djus vkSj ogha ds ys[kdksa dh ,d ekfld if=dk fudkyus dh Hkh ;kstuk cu

jgh gSA vki Hkh viuh ,d dfork vFkok ys[k nhft,A*

Ik;Zos{kd dh bl fourh ds vuqlkj eSaus vaxszth esa ,d yach dfork fy[kdj nh FkhA esjh vaxszth dfork,a ogka ds fczfV’k vf/kdkfj;ksa esa

FkksM+h&cgqr ifjfpr Fkh ghA eq>s lansg Fkk fd bl dfork ds Lora= fopkj mUgsa dgak rd tapsaxsA ijarq ml if=dk ds tUe ls iwoZ gh

mldk var gks tkus ls og ckr vkbZ&xbZ gks xbZA

rFkkfi Ik;Zos{kd }kjk rqdhZ jk”Vª ds teZuh ls feyus dk lekpkj nsus ls esjs eu esa rS;kj fd, x, dk;ZØe dk Lo:i gh iyV x;kA

rqdhZ jk”Vª ds ;q} esa baXySaM ds fo:} tkus dk lekpkj lqurs gh esjk eu] tks fd iku&bLykeh xqIr egŸodka{kk ls fpjifjfpr Fkk&

fganqLFkku ij eaMjkus okys vusd u, ladVksa ds Hk;

294

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ls Hkj x;kA rqfdZ;ksa ds ;q} izos’k ls teZuh dk gkFk fganqLFkku rd igqap tkus ls vaxszth ‘kklu ds fganqLFkku esa cqjh rjg vle atl esa

iM+us dh laHkkouk FkhA ;g rks esjh rRdkyhu ;kstuk ds fy, b”VkifŸk gh Fkh] D;kasfd bl my>u ls fganqLFkku dh oS/k ekaxsa iwjh djus ds

fy, baXySaM dks ck/; gksuk iM+rk] vU;Fkk mu ,saXyksa&teZu gkfFk;ksa dks VDdj nsus esa nksuksa ds gh eLrd ‘kh.kZ rFkk pwj&pwj gksdj

fganqLFkku dks viuh vkdka{kkvksa dh iwfrZ vius vki djus dk volj izkIr gks tkrkA ijarq bl gkFkkikbZ esa :l ds eqlyekuh fVM~Mh ny

dks fganqLFkku ij vkØe.k djus ds fy, mdlkdj fganqLFkkuh eqlyekuksa ds] tks fgaanqLFkku ds lekIrizk; eqlyekuh ‘kklu dks iqu%

izLFkkfir djuk pkgrs Fks] jk{klh iz;kl Hkh fdafpr ‘kq: gks ldrs FksA

bl lkjs nkao&ispksa dk iw.kZ fopkj djds viuh vlgk; voLFkk esa ml volj ij eSa D;k dj ldrk gwa] mldh :ijs[kk eu esa cukdj

mldk lwrksokp djrs fganqLFkk ljdkj dks ,d vkosnu&i= Hkstuk fuf’Pkr fd;kA ;|fi esjh ;kstuk dh :ijs[k ;gak nsuk vlaHko gS]

fQj Hkh ml vkosnu&i= dh :ijs[kk ek= crk nsuk laHko gSA

foo’krko’k l’kL= izfrdkj

Ik;Zos{kd }kjk fganqLFkku ljdkj dks vkosnu&i= Hkstus dh vuqefr nsrs gh eSaus dgk fd fganqLFkku dh jktuhfrd fLFkfr ls ljdkj dk

fpafrr gksuk LokHkkfod gS] fo’ks”kr% mud s eu esa ;g ftKklk mRiUu gksuk laHko gS fd bl ;q} esa fganqLFkkuh Økafrdkjh dkSu lh uhfr

viukrs gSa] vr% esjs tSlk canh] tks Økafrdkjh vkanksyu ls fudVrk ls ifjfpr gS] bls viuk drZO; le>rk gS fd mUgsa vius fopkjksa

ls voxr djk,A fganqLFkku dks Lok/khu jk”Vª cukuk gekjk /;s; Fkk vkSj vc Hkh gS] rFkkfi geus ,slh dksbZ ‘kiFk ugha yh fd ml /;s;

ds fy, dsoy jDrikr dk ;k l’kL= izfrdkj ds ekXkZ dk gh voyacu djuk gSA bruk gh ugha] vfirq vU; dksbZ Hkh mik;] ;fn lQy

gksus dh laHkkouk gksrh] rks ge l’kL= izfrdkj dk lgkjk gh ugha ysrsA

tks ckr lk/ku dh] ogha lk/; dhA jktuhfr dk O;ogkj rFkk ‘kklu’kkL= dk mPprd /;s; leLr euq”;tkfr dks ,d ,slh izkfrfuf/kd

laLFkk dk ukxfjd cukuk gS ftlesa lcdks leku vf/kdkj izkIr gksA ,d bZ’oj] ,d Hkk”kk] ,d tkfr] ,d thou&bl rjg ,d

U;k;izo.k rFkk izkfrfuf/kd ‘kkafr lkezkT; dh vk/kzqo /kqzo LFkkiuk djds vkSj ml ekuo lkezkT; esa dqy] oa’k] tkfr&ns’k&Hkk”kk fHkUuRo ds

{kqnz vfHkeku rFkk vagdkj foyhu djds laiw.kZ euq”;tkfr dk jktuhfrd ,dhdj.k gh gekjk /;s; gS] vr% gesa os lkjh laLFkk,a bl

flf} ds fy, rnuwdwy xzkã gh izrhr gksrh gSa] D;ksafd os ml /;s;iFk dh vksj c<+us ds Viis gSaA ,slk dksbZ lkezkT;]

295

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Tkks vusd mitkfr;ksa ,oa jk”Vªksa dks ,d ‘kklu iz.kkyh esa fijks lds ml /;s; dks O;oàr djus ds fy, mi;qDr gh gksxkA vr% ,sls

lkezkT; ds ge drbZ fojks/kh ugha gSaA ftldh N=PNk;k esa fofHkUu jk”Vª vius&vius fodkjl ds fy, iks”kd Lora=rk dk Hkksx dj ldrs

gSaA

,rnFkZ vkt ftls fczfV’k lkezkT; dgk tkrk gS] mlesa varHkwZr fganqLFkku ns’k dks ;fn mldh viuh izd`fr ds vuqlkj rFkk rr~fLFkfruq:

Lokra=rk dk miHkksx djus dh vuqefr nh tk, rks ml lkezkT; ls ,dfu”B jguk ge viuk drZO; le>saxsA bl izdkj og lkezkT;]

tks vk;jySaM ls fganqLFkku rd lHkh ns’kksa dks ,d lw= esa fijksus dk dk;Z djrk gS] ^fczfV’k lkezkT;* uke dks Hkh R;kT; le>sxkA mls

rc rd ^vk;Z lkezkT;* dgk tk, tc rd mls dksbZ vU; mi;qDr uke ugha feyrkA

bu lkezkT; pkydksa eas ;fn lkfŸod lkglh /kS;Z gks rks de&ls&de mlds v/khu fganqLFkku ds bl foLr`r vkSj izeq[k jk”Vª dks rks lRoj

,sls vf/kdkj iznku djsa] ftlls og Lok/khurk ds vkuan dk Hkksx dj ldsA ;q} dh /kka/kyh esa vU; dqN djuk vlaHko gks rks Hkh ;fn

vkSifuosf’kd Lok;Ÿkrk ¼colonial self government½ fganqLFkku dks nh tk, vkSj bl vf/kdkj&nku dk lwrksokp djus ds fy, ofj”B

fo/kkueaMy esa Hkkjrh; izfrfuf/k;ksa dk fujiokn cgqer izLFkkfir fd;k tk, rks fganqLFkku ns’k ds dY;k.kkFkZ gh ge vkSj gekjs er ds

Økafrdkjh viuk iwoksZDr l’kL= izfrdkj dk ekxZ LFkfxr djds bl ;q} esa baXySaM ds i{k dk ,dfu”B Hkko ls leFkZu djsaxsA

gekjk ;g fo/kku eu&iwoZd gS ;k ugha] ;g fl} djus ds fy, gesa volj iznku djus rFkk Hkkjrh; yksxksa ds eu esa ;g fo’okl mRiUu

djus ds fy, fd baXySaM lR; gh fganqLFkku dh nklrk dh csfM+;ka rksM+ nsuk pkgrk gS] ljdkj dks izFker% ge jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh rqjar

eqDr djuk pkfg,A ge opu nsrs gSa fd ;fn bl le; gesa eqDr fd;k tk,xk rks ge vQxku] rqdZ vkfn ,f’k;k ds fons’kh eqlyekuksa

ds >qaMksa ls] tks fganqLFkku ij vkØe.k djus dk Hkjld iz;kl dj jgs gSa] Lons’k dh j{kk djus ds fy,] lsuk esa HkrhZ gksdj fganqLFkku ds

lhek lej ij vFkok vU; fdlh Hkh j.k{ks= esa tkus ds fy, vkxs&ihNs ugha ns[ksaxsA bl izdkj Lo;a lSfud gksus dh ‘krksaZ ij ge

jktcafn;ksa dks cjh djds vkSj fganLFkku dks vkSifuo sf’kd Lok;Ÿkrk iznku djus dk dke rRdky izkjaHk djds ofj”B fof/k eaMy

¼councils½ esa Hkkjrh; izfrfuf/k;ksa ds cgqer izLFkkiu ds vf/kdkj iznku djus dh ?kks”k.kk djds ljdkj fganqLFkku ds izse] lg;ksx rFkk

fu”Bk izkIr djus ds volj dk ykHk vo’; mBk,A

296

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vU; yksxksa dks rks eqDr fd;k tk,

;fn ljdkj dk eu fdlh rjg ls ‘kafdr gS fd geus ;g vkosnu&i= dsoy canhx`g ls eqfDr ikus ds fy, fy[kk gS] vFkok vU;

jktcafn;ksa dks cjh djus ls gesa Hkh eqDr djuk gksxk vkSj gekjh eqfDr ds Ik’pkr~ ;g fuf’pr :i esa dguk dfBu gS fd ge ‘kkafr Hkax

djsaxs ;k ugha] vkSj ;gh vPNk gS fd jktcafn;ksa dks eqDr ugha fd;k tk,& rks eSa izlUurkiwoZd Lo;a gh ;g lq>ko izLrqr djrk gwa fd

ljdkj eq>s cjh u djrs gq, mu jktcafn;ksa dks rqjar eqDr djs tks vaneku] fganqLFkku rFkk ckgj ns’k&fons’k esa fu”dkflr gksdj =kl

>sy jgs gSaA mudh eqfDr esa Hkh eq>s mruk gh larks”k izkIr gksxk ftruk vius eqDr gksus lsA

bl vk’k; ls Hkjk vkosnu&i= eSaus Hkst fn;kA ml le; ;wjksi esa izk;% lHkh jk”Vª vius&vius jktcafn;ksa dks cjh dj jgs FksA vk;fj’k

^jktnzksgh* canh Hkh cjh gks x, Fks] ;s mnkgj.k Hkh eSaus fn, FksA bl vkosnUk&i= ls dksbZ bruk ikxy rks ugha Fkk tks fuf’pr :i esa ;g

le>rk fd jktcafn;ksa dks cjh fd;k tk,xkA fQj Hkh bl rjg ds vkosnu&i= Hkys gh dsoy vius cycwrs ij gh eqfDr ugha fnyk

lds] rFkkfi vkanksyu ds lkFk la;qDr gksus ij mudk Hkh dHkh&dHkh ,df=r ifj.kke gksrk gh gSA

esjs bl vkosnu&i= ¼flracj 1914½ dk mlh o”kZ ds fnlacj esa mŸkj vk x;k fd lkojdj dks bruk lwfpr fd;k tk, fd xouZj

tujy us esjk i= i<+ fy;k gS] ;|fi ml ij vf/kd`r mŸkj rRdky nsuk vlaHko gS] rFkkfi orZeku fLFkfr esa ml vkosnu esa nh gqbZ

lwpukvksa dks xzkã le>uk ljdkj ds fy, vlaHko izrhr gks jgk gSA

bl mŸkj ls Hkh eq>s ;g izrhr gqvk fd ns’k esa dqN /kwrZ jktuhfrdq’ky usrkvksa us ;q} ds volj ij dqN lq/kkj djus dk tks m|ksx

vkjaHk fd;k gS] mls Økafrdkjh fopkjksa ,oa opuksa dh iqf”V nsdj ljdkj ij ;FkklaHko ncko Mkyus dk esjk mn~ns’; lQy gks x;k gSA

eSa dgk djrk fd ;g uhfr ml fLFkfr esa mi;qDr Fkh& vf/kdkj nks] lg;ksx yks&vf/kdkj ugh arks lg;ksx Hkh ughaA blh uhfr dh ckr

vius lgHkksxh jktcafn;ksa ds xys mrkjdj eSa cgqrksa dk ;g er rS;kj dj ldk fd tc rd ;q} dk var ugha gksrk rc rd bl

vkosnu&i= vkSj blds ckn Hkh fn, x, vkosnuksa ds leFkZu dh ‘krZ ij eqDr djus ij ge ;FkklaHko ml opu dk ikyu djsaxsA

;q} ds vkjaHk gksus ds I’pkr~ vkSj ;g vkosnu&i= Hkstus ds Ik’pkr~ ekg&Ms<+ ekg rd gekjs vkSj vf/kdkfj;ksa ds chp cM+h xgjh ?kqVus

yxh FkhA ijarq ‘kh?kz gh dqN vucu gksus dk izlax vk x;k] D;ksafd tSls&tSls ^;q} ds lekpkj* vkus yxs oSls&oSls gh tks lekpkj gesa

lR; izrhr gksrs] mUgsa ge cafn;ksa dks crkus yxsA igys geys ds lkFk ,d ds ihNs ,d teZuh dh thr ds lekpkj vkus yxsA vf/kdkjh

mUgsa

297

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fNikuk pkgrs FksA ckjh rks ?kupDdj Fks ghA os vxj vkt b/kj vaxsztksa dh thr gksrh rks dy m/kj c<+k&p<+kdj ckrsa djrsA mudh ;g

pky blfy, Fkh] rkfd vaxzstksa ds fo”k; esa tuekul esa c<+ jgh vizfr”Bk vkSj mudh ;g pky blfy, Fkh] rkfd vaxsztksa ds fo”k; esa

tuekul esa c<+ jgh vizfr”Bk vkSj mudh ‘kfDr ls yksxksa dk <yrk fo’okl :ds vkSj ;g lqudj fd vaxsztksa dk lkezkT; MkaokaMksy gk s

jgk gS] vKkuh vkSj mtM~M yksxksa esa naxk&Qlkn [kM+s djsu dh izofŸk u HkM+dsA ;g tkurs gq, Hkh jktcafn;ksa esa ls nks&pkj fiV~Bw bu

fof{kIr xiksa esa gka esa gka feykrs gq, vU; cafn;ksa ls dgus yxs fd teZuh vfr nqcZy] uhp] xq:?kaVky gS vkSj vaxzstksa dh vkjrh mrkjus

ds iq.; d`R; dk Qy mUgsa bl yksd esa mlh {k.k vaneku esa gh tks fey jgk FkkA iksVZ Cy svj ds ijes’oj ckjh mUgsa dBksj ‘kkjhfjd

Je ds dke ls gVkdj lHkh cafn;ksa esa ?kqyus&feyus nsrs vkSj ^eqdkne* dk in Hkh ns nsrsA ge nks&pkj u”V&nq”V yksx bl lEeku ds

fy, vik= Fks] D;ksafd ;q} dk lkjk Bhdjk teZuh ds ekFks ij QksM+rs gq, ge canhokuksa dks bl rjg mins’k ugha ns jgs Fks fd ml Øwj]

[kwa[kkj teZu O;k?kz ds f’kdats ls baXySaM tSls n;uh; eseuksa dks NqM+kus ds fy, gh vR;ar lkfŸod Øks/ko’k bl ;q} esa dwn iM+k gSA teZuh

dh LokFkhZ egŸodka{kkvksa dks ge ftl rjg foosfpr dj jgs Fks] mlh rjg baXySaM dh vigkjd ykylk rFkk teZuh dh ‘kfDr ls bZ”;kZ dh

Hkh MqxMqxh ihV jgs FksA teZuh dh thr ij ge ekre ugha euk jgs Fks] cfYd vR;ar fu”i{k Hkko ls tSlk lekpkj vkrk mls

T;ksa&dk&R;ksa cafn;ksa dks crkdj mUgsa ;g Li”V dj jgs Fks fd fganqLFkku dh jktuhfr ij mldk D;k ifj.kke gks ldrk gSA canh txr~ ds

mu gtkjksa yksxksa dks blls thfor jktuhfr dk Kku gqvk vkSj ml dk;Z ds fy, izR;{k ykHk mBkus ds fy, egk;q} dk ;g viwoZ

volj vk igqapk gS]¹63 ,slk gesa yxrk FkkA

cafn;ksa dh yM+kbZ dh dYiuk

;q} fNM+rs gh D;ksafd fganqLFkku dh rjg vaneku esa Hkh lk/kkj.k yksxksa ls ysdj i<s+&fy[kksa rd ,d gh [kycyh ep xbZ] vFkkZr~ bl

[kycyh dk mn~xe ml fujk/kkj] fujk’k rFkk ifrr canh txr~ esa jktuhfr vFkok Lons’k dh fdlh Hkh lkoZtfud Hkkouk ls ugha gqvk]

cfYd og rks eq[;r% mudh eqfDr dh LokFkhZ vk’kk&Hkkouk ls gqvk Fkk] blhfy, ;q} dk Hkfo”; muds fy, vkReh; iz’u gks x;k FkkA

muesa ls mUgsa Hkh tks vKkuh Fks] cpiu ls nardFkk,a ,oa xIis lqudj ;g Kkr gks x;k Fkk fd fdl rjg izkphu ckn’kkgksa ,oa

jktk&ekgkjktkvksa ds jkT; pqVdh ctkrs gh myV&iqyV gks tkrs FksA ml iwoZdkfyu jktuhfr dh nardFkkRed Hkk”kk eas gh os bl u,

fo”k; dk

63

nwljs egk;q} esa Hkh ohj lkojdj dh ;gh Hkwfedk FkhA

298

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vuqokn djds mldh dYiuk,a djrsA izkphu dky esa veqd jktk ekjk x;k vkSj mldk jkT; veqd jktk us gM+i fy;kA blh rjg

cafn;ksa dh ;g /kkj.kk Fkh fd fdlh Hkh yM+kbZ esa vaxsztksa dk jktk ekjk x;kA vFkok teZuh dk jktk idM+k x;k fd ;q} lekIr gks

tk,xk] vaxzsth ‘kklu iyV tk,xk vkSj fQj lkjs&ds&lkjs canh NwV tk,axsA bu xaokj] vukM+h dYiukvksa dh lq[kn ygjksa ij mu cafn;k sa

dh vk’kk&vkdka{kkvksa dh uS;k dbZ fnuksa rd Mksyrh jgh FkhA

ykyVsu fgykrs gq, okWMZj tc igjk nsrs rc dksBjh ds canh iz’u djrs vkSj os Lo;aekU; fo}Ÿkk ls Hkjs gksdj vf/kdkjiw.kZ ok.kh ls ;q}

ds eeZ dh O;k[;k djrs fd bl le; vaxsztksa dk jktk eqdqV /kkj.k dj] dej esa ryokj yVdk, teZuh ds jktk dh lsuk ij igkM+h

ij p<+dj dM+h utj j[k jgk gksxkA ;fn teZuh ds jktk us vpkud dksbZ rhj NksM+k rks\ ijarq teZu dk og jktk baXySaM ds jktk dk

nkekn tks Bgjk] dgha mldh jkuh ml teZu dks vius firk ij rhj NksM+rs le; chp esa iM+dj jksd rks ugha ysxh! bl izdkj canh;ksa

dh gkL;kLin ppkZ tc ge lqurs rks gekjk cM+k euksjatu gksrkA dksBfj;ksa ds cafn;ksa ls bl rjg ppkZ djrs&djrs ml okWMZj dks irk

Hkh ugha pyrk fd rhu ?kaVs dk mldk igjk fdl rjg pqVdh ctkrs gh lekIr gks x;kA vc dksYgw dk dke Hkh cafn;ksa dks bruk

d”Vizn izrhr ugha gksrk] D;kasfd muesa ls galksM+ LoHkko ds canh dksYgw pykrs gq, Hkh tksj ls fpYykrs] ^vjs ;kj] dksYgw! Ckl vc FkksM+s

gh fnu jg x, gSaA fQj rqEgsa gkadus ds fy, dksbZ ugha vk,xkA vkjke ls tax [kkrs iM+s jguk*A cl ,d canh dh ;g xtZuk lwurs gh

reke dksYgwokys canh iafDr esa [kM+s gksdj mlh etsnkj xtZuk dks nksgjkrs] ^vjs ?kweks ;kj! ?kweks! cl] FkksM+s gh fnu jg x, gSaA**

vkSj ml vkos’k esa] bl fopkj ls fd vc FkksM+s gh fnu ‘ks”k jgs gSa] dksYgw dh cYyh vkSj pØ gok esa ckrsa djus yxrs vkSj ?kaVs Hkj dk

dke vk/ks ?kaVs esa gh fucV tkrkA ;g ckr dBksj ifjJe djrs cafn;ksa dh gh ugha] muds vf/kdkfj;ksa dh Hkh Fkh] tks muij fu;qDr

fd, x, FksA buesa os Hkh Fks] ,sls ftUgsa chl&iPphl cjlksa dk naM gks pqdk gSA raMsy] isVh vQlj tSls&rSls ns[kjs[k dk viuk dke

fuiVkdj jksrs] djkgrs] Åcrs gq, rhu&pkj ?kaVs ?klhVrs FksA ijarq vc os canhx`g esa vkrs gh ;q} dk dqN u;k lekpkj ykdj cafn;ksa esa

ls fdlh rhlekj [kka ds lkFk ml ij ppkZ djrs jgrs vkSj ppkZ dks lrr ihldj vaxsztksa dk r[rk iyVrs gh mlesas ls viuh eqfDr

ds fy, vuqdwy vFkZ fudkyus ds fy, mlij dYiuk dk gydk lk dksYgw ?kqekrs jgrsA brus esa ml vQlj dh fjgkbZ ds fy, nwljk

raMsy vkSj isVh vQlj vkrkA mls ns[krs gh pkSadrs gq, ls egk’k; dgrs] ^vjs] rhu ?kaVs chr Hkh pqds! brus ct x,\ HkbZ] irk

299

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gh ugha pyk] le; dSls QqjZ gks x;kA* igys raMsy vkfn tks vf/kdkjh cafn;ksa dks NsM+&NkM+dj] mUgsa rax djds viuk euksjatu djrs Fks]

vc os bl u, euksjatu [ksy esa O;Lr gks x, Fks vkSj blls dkexkj cafn;ksa ds d”V Hkh cgqr lqlã gks x,A n`f”V feyrs gh VaVs&c[ksM+ss]

dqŸks leku HkkSaduk vkSj xkyh&xykSt vkjaHk djus dh ctk; vc os ijLij vka[ksa pkj gksrs gh] fdlh canh dks ns[krs gh vkrqjrk ls

^D;k lekpkj gS HkkbZ\* iwNrs vkSj dqN Hkh lekpkj gks] ij mldk ,dek= fu”d”kZ fudkyrs gq, dgrs] ^pyks] vc FkksM+s gh fnu jg x,*

vkSj lfLer onu ,d&nwljs ls fonk ysrsA dgrs] ^pyks] vc FkksM+s gh fnu jg x,* vkSj lfLer onu ,d&nwljs ls fonk ysrsA

bl izdkj ;q}&o`Ÿkkar ds fy, c<+k LokHkkfod vkd”kZ. vkSj iqu% vius LokFkZ dh leL;k ;q} ds ifj.kkeksa ls layXu gksus ds dkj.k ;q}

lekpkj lquus dh ;g tks ftKklk cafn;ksa esa tkxzr gks xbZ Fkh vkSj dqy feykdj muds eu esa ,d vuwBh [kycyh ep xbZ Fkh] mldk

ykHk mBkrs gq, muds eu esa fganqLFkku dh jktuhfr esa vkLFkk vkSj :fp txkus dk geus fu’p; fd;kA vc gj dksbZ gekjs ikl

lekpkj dh ekax djus vk tkrkA tks eqlyeku ds ‘kqf}dj.ko’k vlarq”V gks x, Fks] os Hkh gekjh vksj HkfDrHkko ls ns[kus yxs] D;kasfd

vU; jktcanh ckjh dk eu j[kus ds fy, myV&iqyVdj ;q} lekpkj lqukrsA muds eu esa vVy fo’okl iSnk gks pqdk Fkk fd ge vkSj

gekjh fopkj/kkjk ds vU; yksx T;ksa&dk&R;ksa lekpkj nsus esa tjk Hkh ugha fgpdrsA ,sls le; ;fn gekjs ikl dksbZ lekpkj iwNus vk

tkrk rks ge mlds lkeus ;g ‘krZ j[krs fd ;fn rqe i<+uk&fy[kuk lh[kksxs rks izfrfnu tks Hkh lekpkj feysxk] og ge rqEgsa rqjar n s

nsaxsA bl izyksHku ls ,sls dbZ yksx i<+uk&fy[kuk lh[k x, tks igys Vl&ls&el ugha gksrs FksA

;q}iwoZ fganqLFkku dh vK turk dh dksfV&dksfV tula[;k esa fo’o ek= nks&rhu jkT;ksa esa caV x;k FkkA ;fn fganw gks rks foyk;r vFkok

vf/kd&ls&vf/kd dkcqy dk vehjA blds vkxs mlds HkkSxksfyd vFkok jktuhfrd Kku dh igqap dHkh ugha tkrhA ;fn fdlh us dgk f

dbl Hkwry ij foyk;r vFkok dkcqy ds vfrfjDr Hkh vU; cM+s&cM+s jkT; gSa] rks mls vk’p;Z gksrkA muds uke rks mls fcYdwy ugha

vkrsA ,d vaxzst vkSj nwljk vehjA eqlyeku gks rks og ,d rhljs jktk dk uke ys ysrkA rqdhZ dk lqyrkuA vr% ;q} vkjaHk gksus

ij fdrus gh fnuksa rd cafn;ksa dh ;gh /kkj.kk jgh fd vaxszt vkSj lqyrku esa gh ;g ;q} fNM+k gS] D;kasfd fdlh rhljs jkT; dh dYiuk

mUgsa ugha FkhA os vaxzst vkSj eqlyekuksa ls gh ifjfpr FksA ,slh fLFkfr esa mudh ;q} fo”k;d ftKklk dk ykHk mBkrs gq, ge mUgsa

lekpkj nsus ls igys muds lkeus ;g ‘krZ j[krs fd izFker% i`Foh ij ekStqn ns’kksa ds uke jV yks vkSj ;g ekufp= ¼uD’kk½ le> yksA

bZaVksa ds VqdM+ksa ls nhokjksa ds pwus vFkok LysV ij ;wjksi] ,f’k;k

300

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vkfn ekufp= cukdj ge rFkk gekjs lg;ksxh bu cafn;ksa dks le>krsA tku tkus ij Hkh tks Hkwxksy ugha lh[krs] os lekpkjksa ds fy,

lh[kus yxsA ge bu cafn;ksa dks teZuh] Ýkal] vkWfLVª;k] :l] feJ] lfc Z;k] csfYt;e vkfn jk”Vªksa ds uke jVkrsA blds Ik’pkr~ ;g

fn[kkrs gq, fd bu ekufp=ksa ij mudh vofLFkfr dgka gS] mUgsa ;q} ?kVuk le>krsA muesa ls tks prqj] cqf}eku Fks mUgsa ;g i<+krs x,

fd mu fofHkUu jk”Vªksa dk lafo/kku dSlk gksrk gSA os jktk ls gh ifjfpr FksA vr% os ;gh dgrs&Ýkal dk jktk gV x;k] vesfjdk dk

jktk dqfir gks x;kA vkSj tc muls dksbZ ;g dg nsrk fd ogka jktk gh ugha gS] rks vpaHks esa iM+dj iwNrs&rks fQj ;q} dkSu djrk gS\

Hkkjr esa jktk&egkjktkvksa dh dFkkvksa ls mudh ;gh /kkj.kk cu xbZ Fkh f dos fuR; }a};q} djrs jgrs gSaA :l dk jktk vR;ar fucZy

gS vFkkZr~ muds fopkj ls :l ds jktk ds gkFk nqcys gSa vkSj ‘kjhj lk/kkj.k lk gS] vkSj mUgsa vk’kk Fkh fd teZuh dk ckn’kkg

gV~Vk&dV~Vk gS] vr% :l ds jktk dks lqikjh tSlk >V ls xVd tk,xkA vr% ;g fu’p; djrs le; fd thu fdldh gksxh] os izFke

iwNrs] csfYt;e dk vFkok dksbZ vU; jktk fdl rjg ls yM+rk gS\ ?kqM+lokjh esa og fuiq.k gS ;k ugha\ dSlj ds ‘kkjhfjd MhyMkSy ds

o.kZu rks vfr Jo.kh; FksA gV~Vk&dV~Vk] eqLVaMk gksrs&gksrs og egkdk; Hkhelsu tSlk cu x;k FkkA fdys ds }kj dks ,d eqDds ls

pwj&pwj dj nsrk] Ýkalhlh jktk dks rks mlus ,d ckj xjnu idM+dj ,d /kDds esa fpr dj fn;k FkkA gesa vkt Hkh Lej.k gS] fdlh us

gels iz’u fd;k Fkk fd teZu ckn’kkg dk dn vf/kd yack gS ;k :l ds ckn’kkg dk( vkSj tc geus ;g crk;k fd u dsoy :lh

jktk izR;qr :lh yksx Hkh lk/kkj.kr% teZu yksxksa ls vf/kd yacs vkSj à”V&iq”V gksrs gSa] rc mudh lansg Hkjh og eqnzk vkSj fQj teZu

jktk dh :lh jktk ls eqBHksM+ gksus ij ml cspkjs dh dSlh nqxZr cusxh] bl fopkj ls fpafrr mudh vkd`fr ge vkt Hkh ns[k jgs gSaA

cafn;ksa ds eu ls ^jktk* rFkk jkT; fo”k;d vKku dks nwj djds geus muds lkFk ‘kklu ‘kkL=karxZr O;kogkfjd ,oa rkfŸod ppkZ dh fd

^lkezkT;* D;k gksrk gS] lkezkT; dh rjg iztkra= ¼republic½ dk lafo/kku dSlk gksrk gS] ogka ds jkT;ksa esa ;q}] laf/k vkfn dke jktk

tSlk ,d O;fDr u djrs gq, fdl rjg iap&lHkk,a djrh gSaA jktk vkSj v/;{k esa varj D;k gksrk gS] vesfjdk vkSj Ýkal esa fdl rjg

v/;{k gksrs gSaA muds lkeus ckj&ckj ;gh ‘krZ j[kh fd ;g lkjh ppkZ /;ku esa j[kdj blds lgh&lgh mŸkj nsus ij gh ge rqEgsa

lekpkj nsaxsA bl rjg ;q} ds izFke o”kZ gh ge ml canh txr~ esa HkkSxksfyd Kku rFkk jktuhfr ds varjkZ”Vªh; laca/kksa rFkk Lo:i dh

tkudkjh dk vk’p;Ztud QSyko djus eas lQy gks x,A vkxs pydj rks ;q}dyk lquus dh cafn;ksa ij tSls /kqu gh lokj gks xbZA

tSls&tSls os bl rF; dk

301

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vuqHko djus yxs fd Hkwxksy] ekufp= rFkk lafo/kku dk Kku gksus ls bu lekpkjksa dk eeZ mŸke jhfr ls Kkr gksrk gS vkSj fdruh

xgjh vkRerqf”V izkIr gksrh gS] oSls&oSls dbZ canh vius vki gh gesa mu ekufp=ksa dks le>kb,] ;g crkb, vkfn Kku vkxzgiwoZd

iwNdj lh[kus yxsA lekpkjksa ds yksHko’k ge dbZ cafn;ksa esa ckgj tkdj Lo;a lekpkj&i= i<+us dh yxu Hkh mRiUu dj ldsA

fganqLFkku dk ykHk nsf[k,

canh txr~ dh HkkSxksfyd ladqfprrk nwj djds mls foLr`r djkus ds iz;kl ds lkFk&gh&lkFk ge muls fo’ks”k :i ls Hkwxksy] ekufp= ,oa

jktuhfrd voLFkk dk v/;;u Hkh djkrs FksA cafn;ksa dks izFker% ^teZu* lgtrkiwoZd Hkk x;k] D;kasfd mudh ;g Hkkouk Fkh fd vaxszt

dHkh fdlh Hkh canhoku dks vklkuh ls ugha NksM+rk vkSj teZu ;fn vaxsztksa dk jktikV ys ysaxs rks og mu cafn;ksa dks NksM+ nsaxs] vr%

teZu dks Hkyk&cqjk dguk mUgsa drbZ ugha lqgkrkA blfy, tc ge viuh laLFkk ds lnL;kas vkSj muds }kjk vU; cafn;ksa dks crkrs fd

fganqLFkku ij ;q} ds D;k ifj.kke gksaxs vkSj viuh dk;Zflf} ds fy, fganqLFkku dks dSls&dSls nkao&isp yM+kus gksaxs] rc gekjk ;g dguk

fd teZuh ;fn fganqLFkku ij vkØe.k djs rks og fganqLFkku ij vR;kpkj djsxk] ,sls esa ek= teZuh dh thr esa vkidk D;k ykHk] rks

muesa ls db;ksa dks cM+k vfiz; yxrkA fQj ge mUgsa x/ks dh ;g dgkuh lqukrs&^,d dqEgkj x/ks ls fxj x;kA rc mlij teZu dqEgkj

p<+ x;k] ij og fujk x/ks&dk&x/kk gh jg x;kA vr% rqEgkjh ;g /kkj.kk fd teZuh dh thr gks xbZ rks fganqLFkku dh thr gksxh&fuiV

ew[kZrkiw.kZ gSA* bl rjg le>kus&cq>kus ls dbZ yksxksa ds iYys iM+rkA rc dgha cafn;ksa dks foLrkjiwoZd ;g le>kuk laHko gksrk fd

egk;q} dh bl /kka/kyh esa gekjs fganqLFkku dks ;fn dqN ykHk gksuk gS rks og fdl rjg gksxk] mlds fy, ge lHkh dks D;k djuk gksxkA

;g ckr le>nkj fganw canh ds xys rks mrj tkrh fd teZu ds vkus ls Hkh D;k\ og Hkh fganqLFkku ij gkoh gks tk,xkA ijarq rqdZ

vFkok vehj ds vkus ls fganqLFkku dks Hkyk D;k ykHk gksxk] ;g ckr eqlyekuksa dks yk[k le>kus ij Hkh le> esa ugha vkrhA lqYrku

muds fy, [kqnk dk izfr:i FkkA muds dFkk&iqjk.kksa vkSj /keZ esa bl ‘kCn dh pkjksa vksj dSlh&dSlh vuwBh] foLe;tud dFkk,a xqaFkh gqbZ

gSaA ckY;kdky ls gh mUgsa yksjh esa ,slh ?kqV~Vh fiykbZ tkrh gS fd lqYrku ds uke ek= ls gh muds àn; esa xkSjo vkSj vk’kk,a mRiUu

gksrhA og lqYrku fganqLFkku ij vkØe.k djus tk jgk gS vkSj vki dgrs gSa fd fganqLFkku dks D;k ykHk gksxk\ ykHk ;g gksxk fd vaxsztksa

dks Hkxkdj Hkkjr esa eqlyekuh jkT;

302

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izLFkkfir gksxkA ijarq ;g ckr gh mudh le> esa ugha vkrh fd lqYrku dk jkT; Hkh fons’kh jkT; gh gSA dksbZ bfrgkl tkuusokyk

ekSyoh vFkok f’kf{kr canh gks vkSj mls bfrgkl ds vk/kkj ds lkFk ;g fn[kk fn;k fd rqdksZa us vjcksa ij] vjcksa us bZjkfu;ksa ij]

bZjkfu;ksa us iBkuksa ij vkSj iBkuksa us bZjkfu;ksa vkSj eqxykas ij( lHkh fons’kh eqlyekuksa us Hkkjrh; eqlyekuksa ij dSls fdrus vR;kpkj

fd,] rc Hkh og pkgrk fd fganqLFkku ij lqYrku vkØe.k djs vkSj mldk eqlfYke jkt iwjs fganqLFkku ij izLFkkfir gks&blh esa fganqLFkku

dh HkykbZ gSA muds bl jk”VªkfHkeku’kwU;] /kkfeZd mUekn esa muds fo’o fo”k;d vKku dh tksM+ feyh gqbZ gS] fQj mudh dYiukvksa dh

?kqM+nkSM+ ds vkuan ds D;k dgus\ vaxszt ckn’kkg ls rks os ifjfpr gh FksA ijarq ;g lezkV~ mUgsa u;k feykA mldk cy] mldh ‘kfDr]

mlds ijkØe ohjrk dh vn~Hkqr dFkk,a os jkr&fnu lqurs vkSj vfHkekuiwoZd Lo;a Hkh lqukrsA bl foospu mn~ns’; ls fd bl lezkV~ dks

bruk cy] bruh lQyrk dgka ls izkIr gksrh gSa& os vkil esa fo’ks”kr% fganw cafn;ksa dks crkrs fd ;g cy lezkV~ lqYrku dh d`ik ls izkIr

djrk gSA

eqlyekuksa }kjk rqdhZ dh cM+kbZ

‘kqf}dj.k vkanksyu izkjaHk gksus ds Ik’pkr~ ;q} fNM+ x;k FkkA mlesa rqdksZa ds Hkkx ysrs gh eqlyekuksa dks] tks gekjs ‘kqf}dj.k vkanksyu ls

grizHk gks x, Fks] fganqvksa dks Hkz”V djus ds fy, ,d uwru lk/ku fey x;k& lqYrku dk ukeA vc vaxzsth ‘kklu Mwcrs gh bl

fganqLFkku ij Lo;a lqYrku vkdj teZu ds lezkV~ dks izLFkkfir djsxk] vr% iqu% eqlyekuksa dk ‘kklu izLFkkfir gksdj mUgsa egŸoiw.kZ

vf/kdkj feysaxs vkSj tks eqlyeku ugha gksaxs mUgsa naM Hkh feysxkA bl izdkj os ludh ihj [kqysvke fganqvksa ls dgus yxsA mlus ;fn

;g iwNk tkrk fd rqEgsa fdlus crk;k] rks dgrs&cktkj esa fdlh mnZw if=dk esa Nkik gSA dbZ ckj :vkals gksdj] Vdk lk eqag ysdj fganw

canh iwNrs] ^cMs+ ckck] D;k ;g lp gS fd fganqLFkku ij eqlyekuksa dk jkt gksusokyk gS vkSj dsoy eqlyeku cafn;ksa dks gh cjh fd;k

tk,xk\* bl izdkj ds lekpkj nsdj eqlyekuksa esa ludh /kekZa/k yksx fganw cafn;ksa ls dgrs] ^blhfy, dgrk gwa] rqe eqlyeku cu

tkvksA* lekpkj ds bl jksx ls fganqvksa dks cpkus ds fy, ge mudh ÅviVkax dgkfu;ksa dh FkqDdk&Qthgr djus dk volj dHkh ugha

[kksrsA /khjs&/khjs izk;% LkHkh fganqvksa dks rqdksaZ ds cykcy dk lE;d~ Kku gks x;k] vkSj mlds Ik’pkr~ gekjs okD;ksa dh >M+h lqu daBLFk

dj pqdus ds ckn os mUgha okD;ksa dh ckSNkj ls mu xIihnkl ekSyfo;ksa ds eqag [kqyrs gh can dj nsrsA ^rqEgkjk ;g lqYrku Hkwlk ‘ksj gSA

mls fcŸkk Hkj ds cyxsfj;k us ekjk] lfcZ;k us /kqukbZ

303

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dh] xzhl us dqpy MkykA xr nl o”kksZa esa nl Lfkkuksa ij mldh nqxZr cuh vkSj og fganqLFkku ij vkØe.k djsxk\ vaxsztksa dh ,d

QVdkj mldks pqi dj nsus ds fy, dkQh gSA cl] teZuh ds fuea=.k ls mls FkksM+k&cgqr egŸo izkIr gks x;k gS] vU;Fkk vkt rd

mlus vaxsztksa dk uke D;ksa ugha fy;k\ vkSj lquk gS] ;g lqYrku lezkV~ dks cy nsrk gS] ;’k nsrk gSA HkbZ] dgka lezkV~ vkSj dgka lqYrku~

dgka jktk Hkkst vkSj dgka xaxq rsyh~* bl rjg iwoZfu;ksftr fuf’pr vkSj Bksl okD;ksa ds mPpkj.k ls fganw canh mu >Ddh ihjksa dh

Vj&Vj can djds mudk Hkze rksM+rsA

f’kf{kr fganqvksa dks eSa teZuksa dh lsuk] gokbZ tgkt] j.k ukSdk vkfn cy vkSj rqdksZa ds cy& nksuksa dh lkjf.k;ksa ds ckjs es a le>krkA

eqlyekuksa dks Hkh le>krk] ^bl rjg dh O;FkZ Mhxsa gkaddj rqe yksx viuh gh vka[kksa esa /kwy >ksad jgs gksA* ;g lR; eSa ckj&ckj

vkusokys lekpkjksa dk izlkj.k djrs gq, Qsykrk fd tks FkksM+h&cgqr lQyrk feyrh gS og Hkh izeq[kr% teZu ck:n] vL=&’kL= rFkk

izf’k{kk dk Qy Fkk vkSj Lo;a teZu lsukuk;d mu rqdhZ lsukvksa dk lapkyu dj jgs FksA ihNs of.kZr gekjh laLFkk dh lkIrkfgd lpy

vFkok fLFkj lHkkvksa esa r:.k rqdksaZ ds bfrgkl ij O;k[;ku nsrk vkSj vuoj csx vkfn muds usrkvksa dk ;Fkksfpr xkSjo&xku djrs gq,

vius rRdkyhu n`f”Vdks.k ds vuqlkj foLrkjiwoZd Li”V djrk fd ;q} esa rqdks a Z ds lkFk xBca/ku gksus ls teZuh ds gkFk fdl rjg

fganqLFkku rd igqapus esa lgk;rk feyh gS] vkSj ;fn fganqLFkku bldk ;Fkksfpr ykHk mBk ldk rks fdl rjg egŸoiw.kZ ;ksxnku jgsxkA

ml le; rd rqdksaZ ds izfr ;Fkksfpr lgkuqHkwfr dk izn’kZu djrs gq, eSa mudh ;Fkksfpr iz’kalk Hkh djrkA vr% eqlyeku eq>ij fuR;

gh nkar ihlrs] eq>ls [kkj [kkrsA

lezkV~ eqlyeku vkSj vk;Z cuk

dbZ ckj muds bl ?keaMh rFkk nq”Vrkiw.kZ gsrq ls izsfjr ‘ks[kfpYyh dh FkqDdk&Qthgr cM+s etsnkj <ax ls djuh iM+rhA ,d ckj vkB&nl

fnu rd bu eqlyekuksa us iwjs iksVZ Cysvj vkSj fo’ks”k :i ls dkjkxkj esa ;g vQokg Qsyk nh fd ^lezkV~ eqlyeku gks x;kA lqYrku us

mlls Li”V dg fn;k] ;fn rqe eqlyeku cuksxs rHkh eSa j.k esa jgwaxk] vU;Fkk eSa ^jkt/kkuh* esa okil pyk tkrk gwaA* rc lezkV~ ?kcM+k;k

vkSj eqlyeku cu x;kA ;g lekpkj os Nkrh Qqykdj fganw cafn;ksa ds lkeus dgrs fQjrsA rc fganw cafn;ksa esa tks LokfHkekuh Fks] os

eu&gh&eu lksprs] mUgsa uhpk fn[kk;k tk jgk gS vkSj os iwNrs] ^D;k ;g lp gS\* var esa gekjs izpkjdksa esa ls ,d mRlkgh okWMZj canh

us&tks Lo;a vk;Zlekth Fkk&gels dgk] ^^egkjkt] gesa ;g fl} djuk pkfg, fd ;g lekpkj dksjh xi gSA** geus dgk] ^^fl}&vfl}

Hkyk

304

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dkSu djrk gS\ muds eqag can djus ds fy, eSa rqEgsa ,d ;qfDr crkrk gwaA dy ckgj ls dkjkx`g esa ix j[krs gh] cM+s mRlkg ds lkFk

;g lekpkj nsrs fQjks fd lezkV~ ^vk;Z* tgka&tgka rqEgsa eqlyeku okWMZj xIisa gkadrs feysa ogka&ogka rqe fganw okWMZj Hkh dqaMyh ekjdj cSBks

vkSj xi’ki djks fd lezkV~ vk;Z gks x;kA dksbZ iwNs&bldk izek.k\ rc dgks&cktkj esa fganh lekpkj&i= esa i<+kA**

fQj D;k Fkk] nwljs gh fnu la/;k le; dkjkxkj esa ;g xi mM+ xbZ fd lezkV~ ^vk;Z* gks x;k gS eqlyeku Hkh ncdj vkil esa iwNus

yxs] ^HkbZ] ;g dSlk <dkslyk gS\* [kkst djrs&djrs irk pyk fd ;g lekpkj veqd fganw okWMZj ysdj vk;k gSA nwljs&rhljs fnu lkjs

dSfn;ksa ds ,d gh LFkku ij bdV~Bs gksrs gh] vkSj muds eqag [kksyus ls igys gh ml fganw okWMZj us lkjs fganw okWMZjksa dks ;g dFkk lqukuk

vkjaHk fd;k fd lezkV~ vk;Z vFkkZr~ vk;Zlekth gks x;k gSA tys&Hkqus eqlyeku chp esa gh iwNus yxs] ^^ ;g >wB ugha gS fd lezkV

eqlyeku gks x;k gS!** fganw us iwNk] ^^bldk izek.k D;k gS\** mUgksaus dgk] ^^geus mnZw if=dk esa i<+kA** mlus dgk] ^^eSaus fganh if=dk

esa i<+k fd dSlj vk;Z cu x;k gSA** eqlyeku okWMZj us iwNk] ^^dgka gS og fganh if=dk\** blus iwNk] ^^dgka gS og mnZw if=dk\**

eqlyekuksa us dgk ]^^vk;Z dkfQjksa dk /keZ gSA** fganqvksa us dgk] ^^bLyke EysPNksa dk /keZ gSA** djrs&djrs ekeyk ^rw&rM+kd* ij mrj

vk;kA

ml fganw okWMZj us gj okD; ij ekr nsrs gq, iwNk] ^^rqdZ tks lezkV~ ds lkeus Hkhxh fcYyh cudj jg jgk gS] ;fn Hkxoku ds ?kj mldh

bruh lk[k gksrh rks lfcZ;k] cyxsfj;k] xzhl vkfn lkjs bZlkbZ /kehZ; ns’ bLyke /kehZ; rqdksZ dks ;q} esa ijkftr ugha dj ldrs FksA rc

;fn bZ’oj us eqlyekuksa ds fy, dksbZ tsfcz;u ugha Hkstk vkSj bZlkb;ksa dks fot; fnykbZ] rks blls D;k ;g fl} ugha gksrk fd eqlyekuksa

ij vktdy mldh d`ikn`f”V ugha gSA fQj lezkV bl lQy bZlkbZ /keZ dks NksM+dj ml vlQy eqlyekuh /keZ dks Hkyk Lohdkj gh D;ksa

djsxk\ bl ij Hkh mldk eqlyeku gksuk laHko gS] ;gh vki dgsaxs rks fQj ;g lekpkj Hkh laHkouh; gS fd og eqlyeku ls iqu% vk;Z

gks x;k gS] D;ksafd dqN eqlyeku iqu% vk;Z gks tkrs gSaA**

bl fookn dk lekpkj nwljs fnu teknkj rd igqap x;kA og Hkh ^lezkV~ eqlyeku gks x;k* dgusokyk gh Fkk] ij D;k djrkA blds

Ik’pkr~ dksbZ Hkh eqlyeku lezkV~ ds eqlyeku gksus dh ckr dgrk rks lef>, fganw mlds fganw vk;Z gksus dh ckr vo’; dgrsA var esa

eqlyekuksa us ;g lekpkj Qsykuk gh NksM+ fn;kA

;q} esa rqdksZ ds dwn iM+us ls fganqLFkku esa bLykeh jkT; izLFkkfir djus dh

305

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vkdka{kk pksj&mpDdksa ds eu esa Hkh bl rjg mn~nhIr gks xbZ rks fQj chp&chp esa ;g lekpkj izlkfjr gksrs gh fd vQxkfuLrku dk

vehj Hkh ;q} esa lfEefyr gksdj fczfV’kksa ds fo:} ;q} iqdkj jgk gS] rc dgus dh vko’;drk gh ugha g S fd muds mn~nhiu dk Tokj

dSls <kM+sa ekj jgk FkkA fo’ks”kr% iBku rks o”kkZ dh igyh >M+h ds lkFk ty ls yckyc xM~<ksa ds es<dksa ds leku VjZ&VjZ djrs gq,

dwnus yxsA ,d iBku fcŸks Hkj dk lekpkj Qsykrk rks nwljk gkFk Hkj dkA tc rd dsoy rqdZ vkSj vuoj csx gh ; q} djrs rc rd

og vf/kd&ls&vf/kd vaxsztksa dh iwjh lsuk dks HkLe dj nsrk vFkok ^cljk* ys ysrkA ijarq vehj dh ckr gh U;kjh FkhA Hkyk og

vuoj dh rjg ^cljs* rd gh FkksM+s :drk\ vehj dsoy fla/kq unh ikj djds Hkh ugha :drkA og rks mls ikj djus ls igys gh vkt

ykgkSj dk }kj [kV[kVkrk rks dy ljfgan ij cjlrkA iBku okWMZj vkSj isVh vQlj] tks dkjkxkj ds ckgj ls vkrs&tkrs jgrs] Hkhrj

ix j[krs gh vkrqj thHk vkSj ckSjkbZ gqbZ ‘kh?kzrk ls dqN ,slk pjijk lekpkj lqukrs fd cafn;ksa esa ,d leku [kycyh eprhA ,d

dgrk] vehj us ykgkSj ys fy;k rks nwljk dgrk] lezkV~ us yanu ij dCtk dj fy;kA lekpkj dk vk/kkj\ bl ugha rks ml Vkiw dk

^eqa’kh* vkSj mnZw v[kckj!

ew[kZrk ds ihNs lqlaxfr

iBkuksa dh bl gkL;kLin ew[kZrk dh tM+ esa tks ,d y{k.kh; tkR;kfHkeku jgrk gS] mldh vksj eSa fganw dk /;ku vkdf”kZr djk, fcuk

ugha jg ldrkA bl ckr ij xkSj djsa] ;g lqurs gh fd fganqLFkku ij dksbZ eqlyeku jktk vkØe.k dj jgk gS&eqlfyeksa esa ls

pksj&mpDdksa] mtM~Mksa rd lHkh ds eu esa mlds izfr fdruh lgkuqdaik mRiUu gksrh gS( vkSj bl lgkuqHkwfr dk volj feyrs gh d`fr;kas

esa ifjorZu gksus dh laHkkouk dqN de ugha gksxhA eqlyekuksa dks viuh bl izo`fŸk ij Hkys gh xoZ gks] rFkkfi ge bl ckr ij xkSj djsa

fd og fganqvksa ds fgr esa ?kkrd gSA vkSj ml ij mlh rjg ;g nsf[k, fd ‘kS’ko dky ls bLykeh jkT; dh ;g vkdka{kk fdl rjg /keZ

ds :i esa muds ?kj&?kj esa xys mrkjh tkrh gSA vkSj ;g Hkh nsf[k, fd fganqvksa esa ls fdrus yksxksa dk fganqLFkku] fganw lŸkk] fganw jktk

vkfn ‘kCnksa ds de&ls&de vFkZ dk Hkh cks/k gksrk gS\ bl gtkj esa ls ,d dks Hkh bldk eryc irk ugha gksxk] fQj lgkuqHkwfr rks nwj

gh jghA iBkuksa dk ,d Lora= jkT; ‘ks”k jgk gS&dkcqyA vius [kku&iku] mBus&cSBus lHkh esa os mldh gh ekyk tirs gSaA ge fganqvks a

dk mruk gh ,d NksVk lk jkT; vkt Hkh thfor gS( ijarq D;k vki mldk uke tkurs gSa\ og jkT; gS&usikyA vkiesa ls dksfV&dksfV

vf’kf{kr tuksa dks ;g

306

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Hkh Kkr ugha fd ;g jkT; fganw gS ;k eqlfye\ vkSj vkiesa ls f’kf{kr tu] muesa ls dbZ yksx rks eq>ls cgl djrs gSa fd usiky

fganqLFkku ns’k dk va’k ughaA og ,d vyx ns’k] vyx tkfr gksus ls gekjs fy, mruk gh fons’kh gS ftruk phu] bZjku] vQxkfuLrku

vFkok lfcZ;kA

vkSj oLrqr% vaneku esa usiky dh HkforO;rk ds laca/k esa rFkk bl fo”k; esa fd fdl rjg og fganw laxBu dh ,d egŸoiw.kZ

vk/kkjf’kyk gks ldrh gS&tc dHkh esa laokn djrk rc izk;% lHkh jktcafn;ksa ds eu esa ;gh lansg mHkjrk fd Hkyk usiky ls gekjk D;k

ysuk&nsuk\ HkwVku dh gh rjg og Hkh fdlh fons’kh] taxyh ccZj yksxksa dh ,d lk/kkj.k fons’kh fj;klr gSA dbZ ckj rdZ nsdj mu lansgksa

dk lek/kku djuk iM+rkA

;q} dky esa lekpkj lqurs&lqurs vkSj bl rjg fofHkUu jktuhfrijd fopkj vkBksa igj dkuksa ls Vdjkrs&Vdjkrs vaneku fLFkr gtkjksa

dk fopkj&{ks= vkSj jk”Vªh; Hkkouk dh mRdVrk vR;f/kd fodflr rFkk foLr`r gksrh xbZA vaneku esa tks laxBu rFkk izpkj dk;Z dh

gekjh bPNk Fkh] bl ;q} ?kVuk us mlesa bl rjg egŸoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fd;k vkSj ml volj dk ykHk mBkrs gq, ge lHkh gsrqiwoZd lrr

iz;Ru’khy jgsA

iqu% dke esa tqVk;k

le;≤ ij vk jgs ;q}&lekpkjksa dk T;ksa&dk&R;ksa o.kZu djus dh gekjh ifjikVh ls eqlyekuksa dk ikjk blfy, p<+rk fd ge rqdksZ

ds fo:} lekpkj nsrs gSaA mlh rjg ckjh Hkh blfy, Øqnz gksrs fd ge vaxszth dh vksj ls Mhaxs ugha ekjrsA rRdkyhu Ik;Zos{kd Hkh

ladqfpr jk”Vªh;rk ls Hkjs gq, ,d lTtu FksA mUgsa Hkh esjh d`fr esa [kyRo dh xa/k vkus yxh vkSj os eq>ij ‘k=qor~ dM+h utj j[ku s

yxsA mlesa Hkh vaneku dks ;q} dk izFke vk?kkr igqapkdj dksbZ ;g lekpkj ys vk;k fd lkxj esa dksbZ teZu ;q} ukSdk pDdj dkV

jgh gSA bl ladV esa iksVZ Cysvj dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, fczfV’k lSfudksa dk ny eaxok;k x;k gS] ftlds fy, VkV vkfn lkexzh

rS;kj djus ds fy, dkjkxkj esa cafn;ksa ij dke djus dh l[rh ‘kq: gks xbZA rc vf/kdkfj;ksa dh ge ij izdV :i esa vod`ik gks xbZ]

D;ksafd ml lsuk ds fy, VkV cukus dh gM+cM+h esa lHkh cafn;ksa dks fNydk dwVus dk dke fn;k x;kA ml dke dh ek=k yxHkx

ikap&ikap] Ng&Ng xquk c<+kbZ xbZA tgka nks ikSaM fNydk dwVdj fn;k tkrk] ogka vc /kM+Yys ls nl ikSaM fNydk dVokuk vkjaHk gks

x;kA ekj&ihV gksus yxhA ge vktUe dkjkokl ds canh bus&fxus gh ‘ks”k jg x, Fks] D;kasfd ihNs

307

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


crk;k x;k gS fd gM+rky ds dkj.k jktcafn;ksa dks fganqLFkku Hkstk x;k FkkA muesa fdlh izdkj dk fojks/k u gks] ckjh us mUgha ds

vknfe;ksa dks ml dke ij yxk;k rFkk og c<+k gqvk Je cafn;ksa ls djokus ds dke ij ns[kjs[k djus ds fy, fu;qfDr dk lEeku ns

fn;kA ;g Hkh Li”V Fkk fd bl izdkj ds dke esa lgk;rk nsus ls vkxs pydj esgur ds dke ls NwV feyrh gS vkSj okWMZj dk in izkIr

gksus dh laHkkouk gksrh gSA vr% jktcafn;ksa dks ^vki dqN er djuk] dsoy bu cnek’kksa ls dke djokuk*&bl rjg eku nsdj ckjh us

mudh cyk nwj djus dk iz;kl fd;k vkSj lgt gh og cgqr lQy jgkA ijarq nqHkkZX;o’k ‘kh?kz gh geus ik;k fd gekjh fuxjkuhokys

d{k esa izfr O;fDr nks ;k rhu ikSaM ls vf/kd fNydk dwVk tkuk vlaHko gSA canh nks&Vwd mŸkj nsrs&^HkbZ] yM+kbZ bu yksxksa dh gSA ge

D;ksa fnu Hkj ejsa\ fu;e ds vuqlkj nks ikSaM dke ys yksA nks fnu dh NwV ekaxus ij nh ugha tkrh vkSj vc ;q} fNM+ x;k gS] lks

nl&nl xquk vf/kd dke djksA ge fcYdqy dke ugha djrs] tkvksA cl mruk gh djsaxs ftruk gels cu iM+sxkA* muds bl izfrokn

ij Hkyk ge D;k dgsa\ Lo;a ge Hkh mudh bl mfpr ckr dks mfpr gh le>rs FksA cafn;ksa dks vVwV fo’okl Fkk fd ftl d{k esa ge

gksaxs ml d{k esa raMsy teknkjksa dk lglk ekj&ihV ij mrjus dk lkgl ugha gksxkA vr% viuk dke iwjk djds] ftruk vf/kd cu

iM+s mruk dke djds os bRehuku ls cSB x,A la/;k le; rd gekjs d{k dk dke lcls de gqvk] ijarq fucZa/k ds vuqlkj vf/kd gh

gqvkA rc ckjh xtZu&rtZu ds lkFk cjlus yxsA raMsy dk iV~Vk Nhuk x;kA eqlyeku raMsy rks gels [kkj [kkrs gh FksA mlus mlh jkr

ckjh ds dke Hkjs&geus cafn;ksa dks Qqlyk;k fd ge mUgsa jktnzksg dh iV~Vh i<+krs gSa] vkfn >wB&ewB dh ckrsa dqjsndj lkjs nks”kkjksi.k

gekjs eRFks e<+sA nwljs fnu Ik;Zos{kd Hkh vka[ksa p<+krs gq, ns[kjs[k ds flagklu ls gesa P;qr djrs gq,] jLlh dk lqyHk dke vkSj fuR;

fu;ksftr dke Hkh Nhudj dwVrs ilhus ls rj&crj gks x,A ijarq la/;k le; rd gekjk fNydk dsoy ,d ikSaM gh gks ik;kA ;g

ns[kdj fd ge fuf’pr ek=k ls vf/kd fNydk ugha dwVrs vFkok vU; canh HkfDrHkko ls xqipqi dwVus esa lgk;rk djrs gSa rks ge mls

Lohdkj ugha djrs] gekjs vU; lkFkh lg;ksxh canh Hkh dksYgw dk cSy cuus ls drjkus yxsA vr% ljsvke cafn;ksa esa mBus&cSBus rFkk

muls fgy&feydj dke djus dh lgwfy;r tks gesa vHkh&vHkh feyh Fkh] mls Hkh jn~n fd;k x;kA gesa iqu% lkr uacj dh bekjr esa can

fd;k x;k rFkk fNyds dk dBksj dke mlh rjg fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;kA¹64

64

fnukad 21 ebZ] 1915

308

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ftl raMsy us ^ge ljdkj ds fo:} cafn;ksa dks iV~Vh i<+krs gSa* bl izdkj ckjh ds dku Hkjs Fks] mlus vkSj mlh dh rjg vusd

pqx[kksjksa us mlh ljdkj ds fo:} gekjs ikl rFkk lkeus bZ’oj dh izkFkZuk Hkh dh FkhA ijarq mUgsa fo’okl Fkk fd ge dHkh Hkh muds

fo:} pqxy[kksjh ugha djsaxs] vr% os eq> ij fuHkhZdrk ds lkFk eupkgs ykaNu Fkksidj viuh ikapksa vaxqfy;ka ?kh esa j[krsA

ihNs ‘kqf}dj.k vkanksyu esa tSlk dgk gS] blh le; cafn;ksa esa gekjh c<+rh gqbZ izfr”Bk fxjkus vkSj gesa ekufld ;kruk,a nsus ds fy,

fuEu vf/kdkfj;ksa ds mdlkus ij dqN eqlfye okWMZjksa dks gesa v’yhy] chHkRl xkfy;ka nsrs gq, ?kaVksa gekjs lkeus [kM+s jgus vFkok iwjs

dkjkxkj esa eqDr :i ls ?kweus dh NwV nh xbZA bl rjg dk dqN&u&dqN >esyk gekjs ihNs yxk;k tkrk jgkA

ijarq bl nkSjku ,d ds ihNs ,d ,slh ?kVuk,a ?kVrh xbZ] tks bl Dys’k ,oa foo’krk esa Hkh viuk dk;Z djus ds fy, gesa izksRlkfgr

djrh FkhA

,EMsu dk vkxeu

ftl ?kVuk ls iksVZ Cysvj ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dk /;ku gels gVk vkSj rsth ls mudh lkjh ‘kfDr viuh vksj vkdf”kZr djus ls gesa rfud

foJke fey x;k] og Fkh vanekuh lkxj esa ^,EMsu* dk vkxeuA¹65 ;g mM+rk lekpkj Qsyus vkSj izR;{k ljdkjh dk;zokgh gksus ls iwoZ

gh cafn;ksa esa mFky&iqFky gksus yxhA brus esa enzkl ij ce o”kkZ gksus dk lekpkj vk;kA ljdkj us mls xqIr j[kus dk i z;kl rks fd;k]

ij ges’kk dh rjg og xqIr jgk ugha] myVs ued&fepZ ds lkFk iwjs mifuos’k esa QSy x;kA bl mifuos’k ds iwjs bfrgkl esa tSlk igys

dHkh ugha gqvk Fkk] vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ,slk gM+dai vkSj lSfud rS;kjh dh cM+h /kka/kyh ep xbZA dkjkx`g ds lehi gh ck:n&xksys dk HkaMkj

vkSj ‘kL=kxkj cuk;k x;kA dkjkxkj ds bnZfxnZ [kand [kksndj dkjkx`g esa vaxszth lksYtjksa dk igjk cSBk;k x;kA dydŸkk ls Rofjr xksjh

iyVu eaxokbZ xbZA vaxzst vf/kdkjh jkr Hkj leqnz ij igjk nsdj lksus yxsA FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa ;q}&ukSdkvksa dh vkoktkgh gksus yxhA

dHkh Ýsap j.kukSdk rks dHkh :lh fo/oafldk ¼MsªMukWV½ iksVZ Cysvj esa :ddj ,d nks&fnu igjk nsdj pyk tkrkA buesa ls :lh vkSj

vU; j.kukSdkvksa ds ukSdk/;{k dHkh&dHkh gesa ns[kus dkjkx`g esa vkrsA :lh ukSdk dk ,d vf/kdkjh gels yach ppkZ djds x;k FkkA

mlus dgk fd ;wjksi esa yksxksa dks bl ckr dk foLej.k ugha gqvk gS fd ge vaneku esa can gSaA ;g lqudj vkSj og vkoktkgh ns[kdj

gesa lqdwu feys fcuk ugha jgkA

65

Uoacj] 1914

309

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


bu ljdkjh xfrfof/k;ksa ls ;g Li”V gks jgk Fkk fd ;qjksih; egk;q} ds j.k{ks= esa vaneku dk lw= izR;{k :i esa dgha&u&dgha my> x;k

gSA vfHkuo Hkkjrh; rFkk vU; Hkkjrh; Økafrdkjh jk”Vªh; iz;Ruksa dh iwoZihfBdk ls ,slk izrhr gks jgk Fkk fd ;q} izkjaHk gksrs gh vaneku

dk {ks=fcanq ml egk;q} dh foLr`r d{kkarxZr izk;% ,d j.k{ks= fcanq gksxkA ckjh ds lkFk vU; ;wjksih; vf/kdkfj;ksa us lSfudksa dh

xfrfof/k;ksa ds fuf’pr lqjkx dk irk u yxus nsus dk yk[k iz;kl fd;k] rFkkfi gesa Kkr gks pqdk Fkk fd ,Emsu vaneku ij Nkik ekjus

ds fy, pDdj dkV jgk gSA vkxs ml teZu j.kukSdk¹66 ds ,d&nks ckj vaneku ij Nkik ekjus ds fy, vk tkus dh vQokg mM+h

vkSj mlls cafn;ksa rFkk ljdkj esa cM+h gM+cM+h lh ep xbZA ge tkurs Fks fd bl teZu ukSdk dk vaneku ds pkjksa vksj eaMjkus dk

lkglh dk;Z dsoy ;g ugha gS fd og canjxkg bruk egŸoiw.kZ Fkk] vfirq mldk ,d izeq[k mn~ns’; ;gka ds ge fganqLFkkuh cafn;ksa dks

eqDr djkuk Fkk] vfirq mldk ,d izeq[k mn~ns’; ;gka ds ge fganqLFkkuh cafn;ksa dks eqDr djkuk FkkA ogka ds lk/kkj.k canh Hkh vk’kk dh

vR;qPp ygjksa ij th Hkjdj fogkj djus yxsA ^FkksM+s fnu jg x,* tSlk okD; [kRe gks x;k vkSj mldh txg vc ftl&frl ds eqag esa

^pys HkS;k] vkt ;k dy* ;g okD; xwatus yxkA dksbZ gkaQrs gq, vkrk vkSj dgrk fd teZuh dh j.kukSdk vk xbZA ns[kks] ns[kks] lHkh

lkc yksx viuh&viuh dksfB;ka NksM+dj nwjchusa yxkdj m/kj Hkkx jgs gSaA vkSj okdbZ lkc yksx Hkkxrs FksA ,Emsu dk vkSj dqy teZu

ukS lsuk ¼navy½lk/kuksa dk izrki lqudj ml eqV~Bh Hkj vaxszth ny ds eu esa ,d&nks ckj rks lpeqp gh Hkkjh fpark mRiUu gks xbZ FkhA

mudh ;g vk’kadk fd lkjs canh le; ij iyVs fcuk ugha jgsaxs& loZFkk vuqfpr ugha FkhA mlesa Hkh muds ikl ;q} lkexzh vR;Yi FkhA

og rks i`Foh dk <syk Fkk tks leqnz esa fxj iM+k FkkA eqV~Bh Hkj vaxszt&os Hkh lSfudh O;ogkj ds vuH;LrA ;fn dksbZ izcy teZu

fo/oald vFkok j.kukSdk vkrh rks mudh D;k xr curh&ij ,d lkezkT; dh iwoZ ijaijk esa <ys gq, vaxsztksa us og lkjk Hk; ihdj

MVdj lkeuk djus dk fu’p; fd;k FkkA blesa vk’p;Z dh dksbZ ckr ugha Fkh fd ,d ckj rks teZu ukSdk vkus ij muds choh&cPps

rd gM+cM+k x, FksA vk’p;Z ;g Fkk fd mu gtkjksa cafn;ksa rFkk fons’kh ,oa ‘k=qor~ fcxM+s gq, cafn;ksa dh Nkfr;kas ij lokj ;s yksx

vaneku ij oSlk gh jkt djrs gq, vaneku dks pkj o”kZ laHkkys jgsA ukfj;y dk ,d isM+ fdlh dks m[kkM+us ugha fn;k vkSj cafn;ksa d s

fu/kkZfjr nks ikSaM ds fNyds vFkok rhu ikSaM jLlh esa ,d jŸkh dh Hkh NwV ugha nhA mUgkasus ml dk;Z dks] mu fucZa/kksa dks] ml ‘kklupØ

dks T;ksa&dk&R;ksa pyk;k FkkA

66

;g j.kukSdk ohj lkojdj ds lkFkh paid je.k fiYyS ds fo’ks”k iz;kl ls vaneku esa vkbZ FkhA

310

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vaxzstksa dh n`<+rk] gekjk Hkksykiu

vk’p;Z bl ckr dk gS fd vaxsztksa dk ;g ‘kwj LoHkko vkSj gBh tkrh; n`<+rk fganqLFkkuh yksx ftl rjg is’kokbZ ds var esa ugha igpku

lds] mlh rjg vkt Hkh os mls igpkuus esa vleFkZ gh jgsA ;q} ds bu fnuksa esa canh ckj&ckj xi mM+krs] ^vkt yanu fxjk] ;g lksyg

vkus lR;* vFkok teZu fo/lafldk lksyg vkus vkt jkr vaneku ij vkØe.k Djsxh&ijarq fdlus dgk\ ckojph us! vjs] dfe’uj

lkgc ds okojph us! mlus viuh vka[kksa ls dfe’uj lkg dks fyQkQk i<+rs gh dfe’uj lkgc /ke ls uhsps cSB x,A mUgksaus flj ls

Vksih mrkjdj [kVkd ls est ij iVd nhA* vFkok ^ckjh lkgc dh vka[kksa esa ikuh Hkj vk;k* vFkok felh ckck ?kqVuksa esa flj fNikdj

cSB xbZ*A ftrus eqag] mruh ckrsaA

tc&tc canh bl izdkj ds lekpkj ykrs vkSj mudh lR;rk ds fy, mi;qZDr izek.k nsrs rc&rc eq>s i=&O;ogkj dk Lej.k gks x;kA

mlesa ;’koar jko gksYdj us vaxzstksa dks ijkHkwr djus dk ,d lekpkj xkjfij ij fu;qDr okŸkkZdkj }kjk ejkBksa dks lwfpr djus dk

mYys[k gS vkSj mlesa Hkh ml lekpk ds vk/kkj Lo:i ;gh fy[kk gS fd ^jsflMsaV lkc us i= i<+rs gh vius flj dh Vksih mrkjdj [kV

ls /kjrh ij iVd nhA* mlh vk/kkj vkSj mlh vuqeku tSlh ew[kZrk Ms<+ lkS o”kZ vkt Hkh fganqLFkkuh dj jgs gSa vkSj fQj Hkh muds

flj ij vaxsztksa dh Vksih T;ksa&dh&R;ksa fLFkj gSA

lR; gh Ms<+ lkS o”kksZa esa vaxzstksa ds jktdrZO; dh n`<+rk] yxu vkSj lSfudh /kS;Z esa ftl rjg dksbZ [kkl varj ugha vk;k] mlh rjg

muds mu xq.kksa dk ij[kdj foi{k ls yM+us dh ;ksX;rk dSls izkIr djuh gS] ;g u le> ldusokys gekjs ixyk, Hkksysiu esa Hkh dksbZ

varj ugha vk;kA Ms<+ lkS o”kksZa esa vaxzstksa dks dqN vf/kd foLej.k ugha gqvk] u gh ge dqN vf/kd lh[k ik,A Vksih iVdus ds leku

mn~xkjksa ls eSa vaneku esa ckj&ckj ;gh lksprk vkSj Hkkjrh; cafn;ksa ls dgrk] ^D;k og dksbZ fganw gS tks ek= ,d fyQkQs ls viuh Vksih

iVds\ og rks vaxszt gS vaxzst! gtkjksa esa dksbZ ,dk/k gh Mjiksd gksxkA ‘ks”k lkjs tgka Hkh gSa] ogka la?k”kZ djsaxsA ns[kks] rqEgkjs gtkjksa cafn;ksa

esa ikap&nl ‘ksj gh bl rjg fuHkhZd gSa&tSls HksM+&cdfj;ksa esa jgrs gSaA Vksih iVd nh! vjs] xjeh yx jgh gksxh mUgsaA [ksyus ls Fkddj

felh ckck dks >idh vkbZ gksxh] vr% mlus vius ?kqVuksa ls flj fNik;k gksxkA ;g dSls dg ldrs gks fd mUgksaus j.kukSdk ds Mj ls

,slk fd;k\

311

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


foi{k dh mfpr dYiuk gks

foi{kh dk lkeuk djuk gks rks mlds nks”kksa ds lkFk] cfYd nks”kksa ls Hkh vf/kd muds xq.kksa ls ifjfpr gksdj mUgsa vPNh rjg ls

tkapuk&ij[kuk pkfg, vkSj blh dkj.ko’k vaneku tkus ls igys eSa vius fganqLFkkuh cka/koksa dks fczfV’kksa dh ‘kfDr fo”k;d ;FkkrF;

dYiuk nsus dk iz;kl djrk jgk FkkA foi{k dh [kks[kyh Mhax gkaddj vius i{k dk rstksHkax djuk ftruk ?kkrd gksrk gS] mruk gh

?kkrd gS foi{k dks Bhdjk le>dj Loi{k dks FkksFkh vk’kk ds xM~<s esa <dsyukA mu fnuksa eq>s ;g ns[kdj cM+k nq%[k gksrk Fkk fd gekjs

fganqLFkkuh lkeU; tulewg dk izkphudkyhu og vQheckt fiudh&Hkksykiu vkt Hkh T;ksa&dk&R;ksa fLFkj gSA eSa muds ml Hkksysiu dk

vkrs&tkrs rhoz migkl djrkA teZu j.kukSdk dk vaneku ds pDdj dkVus dk lekpkj dksbZ O;fDr] fo’ks”kr% eqlyeku canh Hkkxk&Hkkxk

vkdj cktkj esa nsrk] ^ml ikl ds taxy esa dy teZu j.kukSdk yx xbZ vkSj mldk lsukuh pkj rqdksaZ ds lkFk ml igkM+h ls Vksg

ysdj pyk x;kA vth] pkSdhnkj us viuh vka[kksa ls ns[kkA dSls nini ned jgs Fks os rqdZ&Nkrh ij pkj pkan pepek jgs FksA pkSdhnkj

dks izrhr gqvk&pkj flrkjs txj&exj dj jgs gSaA rqdksaZ dh ml pkSdM+h us ml teZu dks dqN le>k;kA teZu lsukuh us fouezrkiwoZd

iz.kke dj ^th gqtwj* dgk vkSj fQj os pkjksa ns[krs&ns[krs vn`’; gks x,A* bl rjg dh vQokg mM+us dh nsjh gksrh fd iwjs iksVZ Cysvj

esa mlds ,d ls c<+dj ,d jaxhu lqugjs laLdj.k fudyrsA mi;qZDr vQokgsa blh rjg mBrhA Hkys gh ge mUgsa yk[k fod`r D;ksa u

le>sa] mu cafn;ksa dks os vR;ar fo’oluh; izrhr gksrh] ftudh vjsfc;u ukbV~l dh] vfyQ ySyk dh dgkfu;kas ds l qYrku vkSj [kyhQk

laca/kh frfyLeh /kkj.kk,a cuh FkhaA izFker% fganw&eqlyeku nksuksa gekjs ikl mu lekpkjksa ds lR;klR; ds fo”k; esa iwNus ds fy, vk tkrsA

D;ksafd eqlyeku cafn;ksa dks Hkh blij iwjk fo’okl Fkk fd pkgs dqN Hkh gks] vaxszt vFkok teZuksa ds vokLrfod cM+Iiu ds xq.k u xkrs

gq, tks lR; gks] ogha lekpkj ;fn dgha feyrk gS rks og dsoy cM+s ckcw ds gh ikl feysxkA vr% muds vkrs gh ge mudk ;g

Hkksykiu nwj djus ds fy, migkliwoZd vFkok le>k&cq>kdj fd fdl rjg ;s nardFkk,a feF;k gSa] >wBh gSa& mUgsa lqukrsA ge vuqHko Hkh

mlh rjg ls djus yxsA vr% blds Ik’pkr~ bl rjg ds vlR; rFkk vfu’k;ksfDriw.kZ lekpkj dksbZ Hkh ugha Qsykrk vkSj u gh dksbZ

muij fo’okl djrkA tSls&tSls jktuhfrd fLFkfr dk Kku c<+rk x;k oSls&oSls bu vn~Hkqr dFkkvksa dk dky vLraxr gksus yxkA

cafn;ksa dk bu feF;k dFkkvksa ls lEeksfgr gksdj ^pyks HkkbZ] vkt pys] dy pys* dguk ew[kZrkiw.k Fkk] rFkkfi bl rjg ds Hkwdaiksa ls

dbZ jktikV tgka myV&

312

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


iqyV tkrs ogka ekuuk Hkh ew[kZrkiw.kZ gh Fkk fd fganqLFkku dks ,slk dksbZ vk?kkr ugha igaqp ldrk tks mlds HkkX; dks gh myV&iqyV dj

MkysA mlesa Hkh Økafrdkfj;ksa dh xfrfof/k;ksa dh FkksM+h&cgqr tkudkjh rks fey gh jgh FkhA vr% vaneku ds vkl&ikl izcy teZu

j.kukSdkvksa dk eaMjkuk vkSj mlls gekjh vka[kksa ds lkeus vaxsztksa dk Hkh vaneku ds cpko ds fy, lSfud rs;kjh djuk vkjaHk gqvkA

rc bu lkjs ekeyksa dk fopkj u dj ^dqN ugha gksxk* dgrs gq, jksrs&lM+rs jgus dk iaxqiu gesa ew[kZrkiw.kZ rFkk fudEekiu gh yxkA gesa

;g laHkouh; izrhr gksus yxk fd Hkkjrh; jkT; Økafrdkfj;ksa dh ;kstuk ds vuqlkj teZu j.kukSdk,a vaneku ij vkØe.k djrs gq,

gekjh eqfDr dk iz;kl djsaxhA ,d&nks ckj ;g ?kVuk yxHkx gks Hkh pqdh Fkh] D;ksafd teZuh dh bu HkVdrh gqbZ j.ukSdkvksa us ,d ckj

vaneku dks yxHkx vlgk; voLFkk esa ?ksj fy;k FkkA dydŸkk ls lgk;rk ds lkFk lk/kkj.k ty;ku vkrs gh mls jkLrs esa idM+dj og

eksVh jde gM+i yhA vaneku esa ,d&nks ckj vUu dh deh Hkh rhozrk ls vuqHko gqbZ] D;kasfd jaxwu] dydŸkk vFkok enzkl ls tgktksa

dkvkuk&tkuk nks eghuksa ls loZFkk can gks x;k FkkA ;g dguk vklku ugha Fkk fd bl rjg pkjksa vksj ls f?kjk vaneku dc ‘k=q ds

gkFkksa f?kj tk,xkA ;fn ,slk le; vk Hkh tk, rks D;k gksxk\

;g volj vkus ls igys gh fd bl viwoZ ?kVuk ds le; fdl izdkj O;ogkj fd;k tk,] ;g lkspuk QwgM+iu dh ifjlhek gksrhA ml

lqugjs volj dks O;FkZ [kks nsus dk ikrd ml QwgM+iu ij vk tkrkA blh fopkj ls ;fn bl rjg vpkud dksbZ vn~Hkqr izy; gks

tk,] tEkZu j.kukSdk vaneku ij vkØe.k djds ml ij viuk vf/kdkj tek, vkSj ogka ds lkjs cafn;ksa dks eqDr dj nsA

fujis{k lqK ;kstuk cukvks

teZu ;q}iksr dh ;g ;kstuk Hkkjrh; Økafrdkfj;ksa dh ;kstuk dh lgk;rk ls gh py jgh gS] ;g gesa Li”V fn[kkbZ ns jgk FkkA gekjh

iz.kkyh ds jktcafn;ksa rFkk lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa esa ls fo’oluh; usrkvksa dks geus ;g foLrkjiwoZd le>k;k fd ,slk izlax vkrs gh gekj

drZO; D;k gksxk vkSj bldh ,d lqlaxr ;kstuk Hkh cukbZA fQj mls pqfuank ykssxksa dks Li”V crk fn;kA ml ;kstukuq:i cafn;ksa ds

eu&xBu dk dk;Z mifuos’k esa tkjh FkkA mUgsa dgk tk jgk Fkk&Hkksysiu esa ;g er le>ksa fd vaxsztksa dk iz’kklu myV tk,xkA ijarq

;g Hkh ;kn jgs fd de&ls&de vaneku rd rks vpkud Nkikekjh ds lkFk vaxsztksa ls mls Nhu ysuk vkSj dqN le; rd viuk dsanz

313

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


cukdj vkl&ikl jkT;Økafr dh fpuxkfj;ka fc[ksjuk teZu j.kukSdkvksa ds fy, laHko gks ldrk gSA vr% blds ckjs esa lkspdj fd ,sls

izlax esa ge D;k dj ldrs gSa] vkSj vkjaHk ls gh fdl rjg laxfBr :I esa vkRej{kk vkSj LodrZO; dj ldrs gSa] bldh ;kstuk rS;kj

dhft,A og Hkh vk’kke; Hkksysiu ls ugha vfirq vka[ksa [kqyh j[kdj] fujis{k] lqK lqy>h gqbZ cqf} lsA bl rjg crkdj&le>kdj ge

leLr cafn;ksa dks lpsr djus ds iz;kl esa yxs jgsA

vc jkSyV fjiksVZ vkSj vU; izfl} o`Ÿkkarksa ls ;g fl} gks gh x;k gS fd teZu ;kstuk vkSj Hkkjrh; Økafrdkfj;ksa dh ge lHkh dks

vaneku ls eqDr djus ds iz;kl dh gekjh /kkj.kk dkQh gn rd lk/kkj FkhA izFke o”kZ esa rks mudh ;kstuk,a lQy gksuk drbZ

vlaHkouh; ugha FkkA ,d&nks ckj rks og lQy gks Hkh jgh FkhA ;g Hkh mu o`Ÿkkrksa rFkk ;qjksih; vf/kdkfj;ksa ds blds Ik’pkr~ Lo;a

dfFkr o`Ÿkkar ls Li”V gSA

ihNs dgk x;k gS fd ^,Emsu* dks idM+us ds ckn bl ;kstuk dk fuf’pr Kku gksus ds ckn fdl izdkj jktcafn;ksa ds dkjkxkj ds pkjksa

vksj fdlh yM+kdw fdys ln`’k rS;kjh dh xbZ FkhA mlesa Hkh ,d ns’kHkDr us ckjh lkgc dks xi lqukbZ fd lkojdj dks vpkud dkjkxkj

ls mBkus ds fy, teZuh dh vksj ls ,d gokbZ tgkt Hkh vkus dh ckrphr py jgh gSA rc ls ml gokbZ tgkt ds dkYifud vorj.k

dks jksdus ds fy, gh ekuks dkjkx`g ds xksjs lSfudksa ds igjs ds lkFk gfFk;kjcan flikfg;ksa dk ny dkjkxkj ds chpkschp fLFkr ,d Åaps

xaqcn ij fnu Hkj dM+k igjk nsus ds fy, rSukr fd;k x;kA ;q} lekfIr ds eghuksa rd Hkh ;g O;oLFkk mlh rjg tkjh FkhA gekjh

xfrfof/k;ksa rFkk cksypky ij teZu j.kukSdk ds vkØe.k ds ckn ls vR;ar dM+h fuxjkuh j[kh xbZ Fkh] mlls O;olk;h pqxy[kksj gekjs

fo:} eupkgh lR;klR; vQokgsa mM+kdj vf/kdkfj;ksa dh izlUurk izkIr djus esa O;Lr gks x,A

mlesa Hkh mifuos’k esa tc xksjs lSfudks dh iyVu mrj xbZ rc rks D;k dgus gSaA ml :[ks vkSj futZu }hi esa xksjs lSfudk s a ds fy,

euksjaukFkZ dqN vU; lk/ku miyC/k ugha Fks] vr% muds fy, gekjs laca/k esa gekjs Økkafrdkjh d`R;ksa ds fo”k; esa th Hkjdj xIisa gkaduk

gh le; fcrkus dk ,d euksjatu ‘ks”k FkkA dydŸkk ds ^fMpj* dh ^dSfiVy* if=dk esa izdkf’kr ys[k fo[;kr gh gS] ftlesa fcuk iz;kl

;g mtkxj fd;k x;k Fkk fd muds eaMyksa] Vksfy;ksa] vkSj bruk gh ugha] gekjs laca/k esa vkSj ml teZu j.kiksr ds fo”k; esa vkSj

dSlh&dSlh eux<+ar dkYifud vn~Hkqr nardFkk,a izfpfyr FkhA vkSj vkxs pydj mldk mYys[k Hkh fdafpr~ vk gh tk,xkA¹67

67

;g lanHkZ vkxs izdj.k&12 ^dSfiVy* if=dk ij vfHk;ksx uke ls vk;k gSA

314

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fo’o dks vaneku dk ifjp;

ge jktcafn;ksa dks laHkkyuk bruk ljy ugha FkkA gesa thfor txr~ ls oafpr dj e`rizk; le>dj lc foLe`r dj nsa&blfy, ge

jktcafn;ksa dks vaneku ds dkysikuh esa can djds lHkh vk’oLr gks x, fd vc bu cnek’kksa dh ‘e’kku esa nQuk,a ‘koksa ls vf/kd fpark

djus dh dksbZ vko’;drk ugha gSA ijarq vaneku ds dkj.k txr~ us gesa foLe`r ugha fd;k] vfirq gekjs dkj.k lkjs fo’o dks vaneku

dk irk py x;k vkSj dkjkx`g dks yM+kdw fdyk cukdj rFkk ml O;kikjh canjxkg dks fo/oafldkvksa ,oa j.ukSdkvksa dh rksiksa ls gekjh

j{kk djuh iM+hA bu ?kVukvksa dks ns[kdj ge vius iwoZdkyhu lg;ksfx;ksa ds izfr d`rK gSa] ftUgksaus thfor :i esa ej.kkasijkar Hkh gesa

Lej.k j[kk vkSj blls ml dkjkxkj esa ml vR;ar Hk;adj fLFkfr esa ,d rjg ls gesa izksRlkgu vkSj lgkjk tSlk feykA

bl ;FkkFkZ dk bl ,sfrgkfld o`Ÿk esa mYys[k u djrs gq, fNikdj j[kus dk iz;kl djuk O;FkZ gSA mu fnuksa ;g dguk vlaHko Fkk fd

dc] fdldh pqxyh ls geij jktdksi dk dSlk vk?kkr gksxk] rFkkfi ml fpark esa Hkh jktcafn;ksa dks ;g ns[kdj fd fganqLFkku ds

jktuhfrd iz’u dks egk;q} esa bruk varjkZ”Vªh; egŸo izkIr gks x;k gS] FkksM+k&cgqr larks”k vo’; izkIr gqvkA gekjh jktuhfrd

egŸodka{kk,a Hkh D;k bl lkalkfjd Hkwpky esa lQy gksaxh] e:Hkwfe D;k Qy&Qwyksa ls ifjiw.kZ m|ku esa ifjofrZr gksxh vFkok Qyksa&Qwyksa

ls ygygkrs m|kuksa dks tykdj ohjku] e:Hkwfe cukus esa gh bl izpaM lkefjd Hkwpky dk var gksxkA

blh fpark] blh vk’kk vkSj blh Hk; ds da/kksa ij vk:<+ jgrs os jktcanh vaneku dh canh’kkyk dh va/ksjh dksBfj;ksa ds fujk’k orZeku

dh nhokj ds ml ikj Hkfo”; ds mtkys ds n’kZu ds fy, mRdafBr gks x, FksA

315

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&4

vaneku esa jktcafn;ksa dk jsyk

teZu ukSdkvksa dh vaneku ij Nkikekjh ds fy, bl rjg dh gkFkkikbZ ds pyrs ,d fnu ,d ys[kd lg;ksxh us lekpkj&i= dk ,d

VqdM+k gesa fn;kA ckn esa bekjr ds fdlh dksus esa tkdj eSa mls [kksydj i<+us yxk rks ‘kh”kZd esa fy[kk gqvk Fkk ^Mutiny at Meerut.*

ebZ ds nkSjku esjB fLFkr lsuk fuos’k esa fonzksg¹68 ds “kM~;a= dk Hksn [kqy x;kA dbZ yksx idM+s x,A vkxs pydj db;ksa dks Qkalh ij

p<+k;k x;kA lSfud fonzksg dk og rkj i<+rs gh dystk FkjkZ mBkA

lu~ 1857 esa blh esjB esa] blh ebZ ds nkSjku lSfud fonzksg dk Jhx.ks’k gqvk FkkA og Økafr ds ,d ns’kO;kih “kM~;a= dh fpaxkjh FkhA

vkt dh esjB dh ;g ?kVuk Hkh D;k lpeqp gh foLr`r ns’kO;kih Økafr ds “kM~;a= dh le; iwoZ mM+h gqbZ fpaxkjh gSA

;fn u gksrh rks ljdkj mls izdkf’kr djus tSlk egŸo ugha nsrhA u Hkh lgh] rks Hkh bu nl o”kksZa esa fdruk varj vk x;k gSA

vlarks”k] vkosnu] vH;FkZuk] fu”ks/k] “kM~;a=] vk?kkr&izR;k?kkr] fiLrkSy] vL=&’kL= eqBHksM+ vkSj vc lSfud&fonzksg dh vQokg] xkM+h

dgka&ls&dgka igaqp xbZA

lu~ 1857 ds Økafr;q} ds ckn ls fonzksg tSlk ‘kCn bl ns’k ds dks’k esa lglk ugha txexk;k FkkA ;g dYiuk gh ‘ks”k ugha jgh FkhA

egk;q} dh vkx ls vkt og iqu% HkM+d mBhA ns’k dk lkgl rkieku ds bl va’k rd igqap x;kA

ml fnu vkSj ml lIrkg esa Åij of.kZr dPph :ijs[kk jktcanh vkSj muds laidZ ls lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa esas Hkh ;g ppkZ lrr tkjh FkhA

68

fo”.kq x.ks’k fiaxys dk ebZ 1915 dk fonzksg

316

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


brus esa ykgkSj rFkk iatkc ds “kM~;a= vkSj Økafrdkjh fonzksg¹69 dk lekpkj vk x;kA ns[krs&ns[krs os flikgh] ftUgsa ;q} ij tkus ds fy,

bUdkj djus ds dkj.k naM fn;k x;k Fkk] vkSj mlds Ik’pkr~ iyVu ds dbZ vkSj tRFks ml dkjkxkj esas vk x,A ns’k esa tks [kycyh

eph Fkh] mlds izR;{k izek.k feyus yxsA

fiNyh gM+rky lu~ 1914 ds vkjaHk esa lekIr gqbZ FkhA rc ge dqN vktUe dkjkoklh jktcafn;ksa dks vaneku esa j[kdj ‘ks”k gqM+nax e sa

ml O;oLFkk dk dkSu ikyu djrkA ;|fi fiNys canh u Hkh Hksts x,] rFkkfi egk;q} dky esa Lons’k esa tks Økafr dh ygj meM+uk

pkgrh Fkh] mldh pisV esa vk, gq, jktcafn;ksa dks caxky] la;qDr izkar rFkk iatkc ls idM+dj iqu% vaneku esa Bwaluk ‘kq: gks x;kA

blls fofHkUu LFkkuksa ds jktuhfrd lekpkj vkSj ;q} dh cg qr lkjh fo’oluh; tkudkjh gesa izkIr gksrh jghA

ftl le; teZu j.kukSdkvksa us vaneku ds lkxj esa ,d&nks O;kikjh tgktksa dks idM+dj vkSj dqN tgktksa dks jksddj ml lkxj dk

vojks/k fd;k Fkk] rc ls dbZ fnuksa rd fganqLFkku ls cafn;ksa dks Hkstuk can dj fn;k x;k FkkA mu teZu j.kiksrksa dk tkikuh] :lh rFkk

vaxszt j.kukSdkvksa }kjk fouk’k dj nsus ij tc og leqnz fu”daVd gks x;k] rc dgha iqu% og ^pkyku* ‘kq: gks ik;kA

vkSj ,d nfu ykgkSj ds Økafrdkfj;ksa dh igyh Vksyh vaneku ds ml dkjkxkj esa vktUe dkjkokl dk naM Hkqxrus ds fy, vk xbZA muesa

izk;% lHkh ^xnj* vfHk;ksxkarxZr FksA mUgsa ns[krs gh mudh og nq%[kn voLFkk iy Hkj ds fy, foLe`r gks xbZ vkSj gekjs eq[k ls

vifjgk;Z mn~xkj QwV iM+s& ^;g ns[kka] vkf[kj vk gh x,A ogh gqvk tks dgk FkkA*

ftl le; ge Økafrdkjh vkanksyu dk usr`Ro dj jgs Fks] ml le; ,d fnu ,d fl’k lg;ksxh fd lkFk ppkZ fNM+ xbZ Fkh fd fl[kksa esa

jk”Vªh; tkx`fr fdl rjg mRiUu djsa\ baXySaM esa vusd iatkch ;qod FksA mu lHkh dks ge crkrs fd lSfud Hkjrh dk dsanz gksus ds dkj.k

iatkc dh gj >qXxh&>ksiM+h esa jk”Vªh; tkxj.kkFkZ dkSu&dkSu ls fofHkUu mik;ksa rFkk ;qfDr;ksa dk vk;kstu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;g ;kstuk

Li”V djrs le; geus ;g Hkh dgk fd fganqvksa ds ,d izeq[k Hkkx ds :i esa fl[k iaFk esa tkx`fr ykuk fdruk egŸoiw.kZ gSA rc mu

lTtu us rfud Hkkx ds :i esa fl[k iaFk esa tkx`fr ykuk fdruk egŸoiw.kZ gSA rc mu lTtu us rfud fujk’k Loj esa dgk Fkk]

^^fl[kksa dks dweeaMwd o`fŸk ds /kkfeZd jksx ls eqDr djds muesa vf[ky Hkkjrh;

69

ykgkSj “kM~;a= ds izFke vfHk;ksx esa 61] nwljs esa 74 vkSj rhljs esa 12 vfHk;qDr FksA muesa ls 28 tuksa dks Qkalh gqbZA

317

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


eeRo mRiUu djuk rFkk muds /kkfeZd mRlkg dks jk”Vªh; eksM+ nsuk orZeku esa rks vR;f/kd dfBu gSA** rc geus dgk] ^^fe=] rqe Hkh

rks fl[k gh gks u\ fQj rqEgkjs tSls mPp dqyhu ;qod dks] ftldk tUe ljdkj ds izfr uje :[k j[kusokys ,d ifjokj esa gksus ds

ckn Hkh rqEgsa mPp f’k{kk izkIr gks xbZ] fQj R;kx Hkkouk vkSj jk”Vªh; /keZ dh nh{kk ;fn bruh vYikof/k esa nsuk laHko gks x;k rks og

vU; fl[kksa dks D;ksa ugha nh tk ldrh\ eSaus fl[k bfrgkl dk ckjhdh ls v/;;u fd;k gSA ;g ;kstuk tks eSa crk jgk gwa] mls lkeus

j[kdj ;fn rqe yksx iz;kl djksxs] Lons’k esa ;k fons’k esa] tgka dgha Hkh fl[k ls lkeuk gksxk] ogka ;Ru djksxs] rks rqe ns[kksxs fd ikap

o”kksZa ds vanj&vanj gekjs fl[k ohj rqEgkjs da/ks&ls&da/kk feykrs g, yM+saxsA** ;g ckr lu~ 1908&9 dh gSA

ml ckr dk tc gesa ml le; dkjkxkj esa Lej.k gqvk rks eSaus vius ,d lkFkh ls dgk] ns[kks fl[k vk, gSa ;k ughaA vc vius os

usikyh ca/kq ‘ks”k jgsA os ohj xqj[kk fganw laxBu ds f’kfoj esa vk tk,a rks leLr fganw ,d gks tk,aA

gekjs ml dky ds er&erkarjkuq:i bu Hkko&Hkkoukvksa dk gekjs eu esa ckj&ckj mn; gksrk FkkA fl[kksa dh bl igyh Vksyh ds

ihNs&ihNs iatkc ds fofHkUu LFkkuksa ls Økafrdkjh iz;klksa esa naM izkIr vusd jktcafn;ksa dh Vksfy;ka vkus yxhA jaxwu] flaxkiqj] cljk vkfn

LFkkuksa ij ;q} ds fy, tkuk vLohdkj djus ds vijk/k esa vFkok fonzksg djds jkT;Økafrdkfj;ksa ds i{k esa feyus ds fy, izR;{k fd,

gq, l’kL= fonzksg esa lSdM+ksa flikgh Hkh cM+s&cM+s naM izkIr djds vaneku esa i/kkjsA muds vkxeu ls ml mifuos’kh; turk esa jktuhfrd

er&erkarjksa dk QSyko tksj&’kksj ds lkFk gksus yxkA ,sls yxHkx lkS&Ms<+ lkS jktcaanh] ftuesa ls dqN yksxksa us flaxkiqj esa fonzksg fd;k]

ogka ls L;ke] jaxwu tkdj ogka fonzksg ds fy, QkSt esa “kM~;a= jpsA dkjkxkj esa ,df=r gks x, FksA bu lc nafMrksa dh tkudkjh muds

vn~Hkqr lkgl] muds “kM~;=ksa dh ;kstuk vkfn dk mYys[k rks nwj jgk] bl LFky ij muds uke rd nsuk laHko ughaA vxys laLdj.k esa

;fn gks lds rks og iz;kl gksxkA¹70

bu jktcafn;ksa esa ,sls ,d gh Fks ftuls esjk izR;{k iwoZ ifjp; Fkk&os Fks izks- ijekuanA muls lacaf/kr vkSj vU; yksxksa ls lacaf/kr

;FkklaHko tkudkjh ge igys ls cafn;ksa dks crkrs jgs FksA mu lkjs cafn;ksa ds vkrs gh muds eq[k ls mudk /;s;] R;kx] mu vn~Hkqr

pfj=ksa dh] ftUgkasus Qkalh ij vFkok l’kL= eqBHksM+ esa izk.k&R;kx fd;k] muds “kM~;a=ksa dh ;kstukvksa dh] ftUgksaus izR;{k ;q} ns[kk] muls

Ýkal vkfn j.kLFkyksa

70

;s uke vc ljdkj us izdkf’kr dj fn, gSaA

318

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ds ;q}ksa dh tkudkjh vaneku ds canh mRlqdrk ls lqursA bl dkj.k ml mifuos’k ds jktuhfrd thou esa cgqr gh varj vk x;k FkkA

iwoZ ds mu gtkjksa cafn;ksa dks dqN bl rjg izf’kf{kr djus dk gekjk iz;kl py jgk Fkk] ftlls os bl tx ~r ds mPp okrkoj.k esa gks

jgh xfrfof/k;ksa ij fopkj djus ds fy, l{ke cusaA bl iz;kl dks bu ‘krkf/kd jktcafn;ksa ds vkxeu ls egŸoiw.kZ lg;ksx izkIr gqvkA

;|fi muesa esjs izR;{k ifjfpr rks izks- ijekuan gh Fks] rFkkfi muesa ls cgqrksa dks esjh tkudkjh FkhA bruk gh ugha] muesa ls izk;% lHkh

us esjs ys[kksa vkSj iqLrdkas dk v/;;u fd;k gqvk FkkA muds eu esa esjs fy, iwT; Hkkouk Fkh] vr% Hkhrj ix j[krs gh LokHkkfod :i

ls os eq>ls feyus dks mRdafBr FksA vf/kdkfj;ksa us izFke eq> muls nwj j[kus dk vR;f/kd iz;kl fd;k] rFkkfi var esa dsoy bruh

la[;k esa dkjkxkj esa vk, mu dSfn;ksa dks laHkkyuk vlaHko gksus ls ge yksxksa dh ijLij vkoktkgh [kqysvke izkjaHk gks xbZA mUgkasus eq>s

crk;k fd vesfjdk dh ^xnj* if=dk esa esjs lu~ 1857 ds Økafr;q} dk fganh] mnwZ vkSj fdafpr iatkch esa vuqokn izdkf’kr gksrk FkkA

muesa ls xnj i{k ds ,d mPp f’kf{kr izeq[k usrk us] ftlus ykgkSj vfHk;ksx esa e`R;qnaM feyus dh vk’kadk jgrs gq, Hkh U;k;y; es a

viuk cpko djus ls Li”V :i esa ;g dgrs g, bUdkj fd;k Fkk fd Økafrdkjh iz;kl rks eSaus fd, gh Fks] fQj cpko fdl ckr dk]

vkSj var rd og vius fu’p; ij vfMx jgs Fks] eq>s crk;k fd ^eSa ,d jfl;k] euekSth O;fDr FkkA jktuhfr esa dHkh Hkkx ugha

fy;kA ijarq ,d ckj ,d Lusgh ds vuqjks/k ij vkidh ^lŸkkou dk Økafr;q} vaxszth iqLrd i<+uk vkjaHk fd;kA iwjk fnu vk Sj iwjh jkr

eSa og iqLrd i<+rk jgk FkkA fQj tc lekIr dj mls nwj j[kk rc ls esjk iqjkuk thou gh nwj pyk x;kA eSaus jk”Vª eqfDr dh ‘kiFk

yh vkSj ;gka rd vk x;kA* geus galh&galh esa ^;gka rd* ‘kCn ij O;aX; djrs gq, dgk] ^^rks fQj ;wa dfg,] og iqLrd D;k gqbZ&

vaneku dk fVdV gh gks xbZA**

,d o`} fl[k jktcanh us] ftlus igys lsuk esa ukSdjh dh Fkh vkSj mlds Ik’pkr~ Lod”Vksa ls fons’k esa vftZr fd;k /ku ^xnj* if=dk esa

izdkf’kr Økafrdkjh ys[k i<+rs gh ml dk;kZFkZ xqIr :i esa nku fn;k Fkk] crk;k&phu esa dHkh&dHkh ogka ds izxfr’khy yksx fganqLFkku dh

ppkZ djrs gq, iwNrs fd ^vkids lkojdj dgka gSa\ vktdy fdl dkjkxkj esa gSa\* bl ij mUgsa tc ;s fl[k&dksYgw pykuk vkfn&dBksj

Je ds ckjs esa crkrs rcos vkdqfyr eu ls rhoz [ksn iznf’kZr djrsA tc ge foyk;r esa Fks] rc MkW- lu;kr ds usr`Rookys phu ds

Økafrdkjh dsanz esa vkSj lekpkj&i=ksa esa fganqLFkku dh tkudkjh izdkf’kr djus dk iz;kl djrs FksA muesa ls dqN phuh

319

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


yksxksa dks rks gekjk Lej.k lu~ 1915&16 rd FkkA ;g ns[kdj gesa Li”V yxus yxk fd foyk;r esa jgrs gq, fd, x, os iz;kl vdkjFk

ugha x,A

ml rsy us vlarks”k dh vkx HkM+dkbZ

ml fl[k jktcanh dh dksYgw dh ckr ls ^gesa dksYgw pykuk iM+k* ;g lekpkj vesfjdk esa izFke dSls izdkf’kr gqvk] og ckr Lej.k gks

vkbZA gekjs bu fl[k cafn;ksa esa ls dqN ‘kwj vkSj /;s;sfu”B fl[kksa dks drZO;ksUeq[k djus ds fy, og ckr mRdVrk ls dkj.khHkwr gks xbZ

FkhA os dgrs&^Økafr i{k us vkidk ,d fp= Nkik Fkk] ftlesaa vkidks dksYgw esa tksrk fn[kk;k x;k FkkA vesfjdk esa mls cspusokys yM+dksa

ds ikl tc geus og fp= ns[kk rc vR;f/kd nq%[k ls gekjh vka[ksa Hkj vkbZ vkSj geus lkspk] ^gk;! ,sls egku~ iq:”k vius jk”Vª dh

vktknh ds fy, bruh ;a=.kk,a] vR;kpkj lgrs gSa vkSj ge efnjk ds I;kyksa esa Mwcdj xqyNjsZ mM+k jgs gSa rFkk /ku cVksjus esa yxs gSa&

;g fdruh yTtkLin ckr gSA* bl izdkj rhoz Ik’pkŸkki ls muds eu esa ;g mRdV dkeuk mRiUu gksrh fd ge Hkh jk”Vª dk;kZFkZ dqN

djsaA var esa fons’k esa dek, gq, lgÛksa :Ik;ksa dh laink dks Bksdj ekjdj os fons’kh fl[k mu ns’kizseh fl[kksa ds lkFk] tks fganqLFkku dks

Lora= djkus ds fy, viuh tku gFksyh ij fy;s vesfjdk ls fganqLFkku vk jgs Fks&py iM+sA

bl rjg os gekjs laca/k esa vius vuqHkoksa dh vusd dFkk,a dgrs] ftuesa ls nks&,d laLej.k Åij fn;s x, gSaA vafre Le`fr ij gesas

fo’ks”k vk’p;Z gksrk gS] D;kasfd tc ml dkysikuh esa ,dkar dkydksBjh esa ge rc rd dksYgw ?kqekrs jgrs tc rd flj ugha pdjkrk]

rc vusd fopkjksa esa gesa ,d ;g fopkj Hkh =Lr djrk Fkk fd ^;s Dys’k Hkh lg ysrs] ;fn budh [kcj Lons’k igqapdj ogka dh vkx

dks vf/kd HkM+dkus ds fy, rsy cudj fxjrh A ijarq ;g lekpkj] bl va/ksjh dksBjh ds ;s Dys’k] Hkyk ns’k dSls ns[ksxk\ ;g lekpkj

dSls Kkr gksxk\* ihNs fn;k gh gS fd bu fopkjksa dk foosd ds lgkjs geus fdl rjg ‘keu fd;kA ijarq ;g Le`fr fp= esjs fl[k fe=ksa

}kjk fn[kkrs gh] vFkkZr~ tks eSaus lkspk Fkk fd yks] ,slh ;kruk,a Hkh lguh gSa] ftudh fdlh dks dkuksdku [kcj rd ugha gksxh] mu

fu”Qy fn[kkbZ nsusokyh ;krukvksa dk lguk Hkh izk;% ;krukvksa dks lQy cukus ds dk;Zøe esa ,d vifjgk;Z vax gksrk gSA vr% fdlh

dks Hkh mudk irk u gksus ls fo’ks”k fpark ugha gksuh pkfg, FkhA ijarq nsf[k,&la;ksxo’k mu ;krukvksa dk lekpkj Lons’k igqapk vkSj

mldk izR;{k ykHk Hkh gqvkA bl dksYgw ls fxjusokyh rsy dh cwans ml ckYVh esa ugha Vidrh Fkh] vfirq ns’k&ns’kkarj esa izTofyr vlarks”k

ds /k/kdrs vfXudqaM esa

320

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


tkdj Vid jgh FkhA ;g bldk izR;{k izek.k gSA bu fl[kksa esa ls gh ,d us dgk] mlds ikl esjh iqLrd dh ¼lŸkkou dk Lokra™;

lej½& tks tCr gks xbZ Fkh& ,d izfr Fkh] tks mlus vius czkthy fLFkr ,d fe= dks Hksth FkhA og iqLrd ml Hkkjrh; ;qod dks cgqr

fiz; gks pqdh Fkh] ij ml izfr dks fe= ds gkFkksa tkrs&tkrs ,d ;qod us 150 :i, esa [kjhnkA

bl izdkj ds vusd O;fDrxr lekpkjksa ds lkFk&lkFk ,sls usrkvksa rFkk vuq;kf;;ksa ls] ftUgksaus mu fo’ks”k deZ{ks= esa izR;{k Hkkx fy;k

Fkk] L;ke] dukMk] flaxkiqj] czãns’k] vesfjdk] ;wjksi] caxky] iatkc fLFkr fonzksg rd dh l’kL= eqBHksM+ksa vkSj fons’k fLFkr fganqLFkkuh

jktuhfrd fLFkfr dk izk;% laiw.kZ loZFkk xqIr rFkk loZFkk izdk’; bfrgkl dkQh dqN Kkr gks x;kA ml le; ml laiw.kZ vkanksyu ds

lqlaxr lw= esa fijksdj lu~ 1909 ds vkjaHk ls ysdj egk;q} lekfIr rd ds dky[kaM ds Hkkjrh; Økafrdkjh jRuksa dk ,d ladfyr

bfrgkl fy[kus dh gesa ckj&ckj bPNk gksus yxhA ijarq dkjkxkj esa ;g fy[kuk vlaHko FkkA vkxs dHkh ml bfrgkl dks fy[kus rd

Lora=rk vkSj gekjh eqfDr dk volj fy[kuk vlaHko FkkA vkxs dHkh ml bfrgkl dks fy[kus rd Lora=rk vkSj gekjh eqfDr dk

volj izkIr gksxk] rc ge xaHkhj ijarq fouez fouksn ds lkFk dgrs] ^^fe=ksa] bfrgkl fuekZ.k djuk gekjh ih<+h dk izeq[k dk;Z gS vkSj

bfrgkl fy[kuk xkS.kA dnkfpr~ og dke Hkkoh ih<+h djsxhA**

iatkc fLFkr ykgkSj ds ^xnj* vfHk;ksx dh igyh Vksyh dk vkxeu gksrs gh vf/kdkfj;ksa us dkjkxkj esa mudh dM+h O;oLFkk cuk, j[kus

ds fy, l[rh cjrhA rFkkfi fiNys vuqHko ls lpsr gksdj muesa ls LkHkh dks ,d lkFk dksYgw dk de u nsrs gq, dqN gV~Vs&dV~Vs rFkk

Jethoh nafMrksa dks ;g dke fn;k x;kA ijarq iwoZorhZ lHkh fe=ksa us muls vuqjks/k fd;k fd papqizos’k gksus nksxs rks ‘kh?kz gh vkiesa ls

izR;sd dks dksYgw esa tksrdj rsy fudyok fy;k tk,xk] vr% igys ls gh dksYgw dk dke er djksA mlds vuqlkj mUgksau s Li”V ‘kCnksa esa

lwfpr fd;k fd os dksYgw dk dke ugha djsaxsA ge tkurs Fks fd vf/kdkfj;ksa dks bldk foLej.k ugha gqvk gS fd blls iwoZ eqV~Bh Hkj

jktcafn;ksa ls bl dksYgw ds dkj.k gM+rky] tksjktksjh rFkk fojks/k gqvk FkkA vr% os bu pkyhl&ipkl jktcafn;ksa dh iatkch Vksfy;ksa ls

O;FkZ fo}s”k ;k oSj dh Hkkouk ugha j[ksaxsA blds vuqlkj vf/kdkfj;ksa us dgk] lIrkg Hkj ftruk gks lds rsy fudkyks] vkxs ge fdlh

dks Hkh dksYgw ugha nsaxsA geus vuqjks/k djds fd ;g le>kSrk Lohdkj djsa] ;g ekeyk jQk&nQk dj fn;k vkSj dksYgw ds fy, fiNys

321

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


jktcafn;ksa us tks vkanksyu NsM+s Fks] mudk ykHk bu u, jktcafn;ksa dks feyk vkSj mudk dksYgw ls ihNk NwV x;kA

ijarq fNydk dwVus ij vpkud ,d >xM+k [kM+k gks x;kA ;g Li”V fn[kkbZ nsus ds ckotqn fd ml Vksyh ds vusd rst ;qod igys fnu

gh dkjkx`g ds vuq’kklu dks >qddj eku ysaxs ;g vlaHko Fkk] dqN m}r iBku vkfn raMsyksa us] tks ckjh ds vf/kdkj esa dke djrs Fks]

dke ukidj ysrs&nsrs mu cafn;ksa dk bl rjg vieku fd;k tSls os lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dk djrs Fksa mu LokfHkekuh] rst&rjkZj] rstLoh

jktcafn;ksa us ml le; mldk izfrdkj djus esa dksbZ deh ugha j[khA bldk izfrokn canhiky rd igaqpkA mu jktcafn;ksa esa >kalh dh

vksj dk ,d fuHkhZd vkSj cs/kM+d ijekuan uke dk ;qod Fkk] mls canhiky us iwNrkN ds fy, dk;kZy; esa cqyk;kA

ijekuan us ckjh dks ekjk

;g ;qod ijekuan izks- ijekuan ls vyx Fkk] fdraq vkxs pydj dkjkx`g ds ml ^ukyank fogkj* esa Hkjiqj v/;olk;iw.kZ v/;;u djds

tks lR; gh Lukrd rFkk v/;kid gks x,] muesa ml le; ds bl ;qok ijekuan dh Hkh x.kuk FkhA mlus Hkh fo}Ÿkk] R;kx vkfn xq.kksa

ls ml dkjkokl esa gh bruh ;ksX;rk izkIr dj yh] tks fdlh izk/;kid ls de ugha FkhA

ckjh dh tUetkr vknr FkksM+s gh NwVrh\ mlus ijekuan dks] tks laHkk”k.k ds nkSjku lgt Hkko ls [kM+k Fk] gkFk NksM+dj ^Bhd* [kM+s gksus

dk vkns’k fn;kA fQj Hkh ^tSls Fkk* oSls gh [kM+k ns[kdj ckjh us mls nks v’yhy xkfy;ka cdhA bl rjg dh xkfy;ka ckjh ds fy, ubZ

ckr ugha FkhA ijarq og rstLoh ;qod budk vknh ugha FkkA ckjh ds eqag ls ,slh&oSlh xkfy;ka fudyrs gh og [kV ls igjsnkjksa ds gkFk

ls f[kldk vkSj mlus dpgjh esa gh ckjh ds eqag ij rM+kd ls pkaVk ekjkA mls ‘ksj dh rjg VwVrk gqvk ns[kdj ckjh tSls gh fpYykdj

mBus yxk rks mldk gkFk mldh Vksih ij iM+k vkSj og uhps fxj xbZ] dqlhZ yq<+d xbZ vkSj ^idM+ks&ekjks* fpYykrs gq, ckjh dpgjh ls

ckgj fudykA vFkkZr~ yksxksa us ijekuan dks idM+dj mlds eqag ij] ihB ij eqDdksa rFkk MaMksa dh ckSNkj dhA mlds gksaB QV x, fd

ckjh dks ce&xksysokys us ekjk] Ik;Zos{kd us vkrs gh ijekuan dks dksM+s dk naM lquk;k rFkk mls frdVh ls cka/kdj chl ;k rhl casr ekjs

x,A izR;sd dksM+s ds lkFk [kwu Nydus yxkA mldk vax&vax ygwyqgku gks x;k vkSj dksM+ksa ds lVklV okjksa ls ekal dh

322

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


cksVh&cksVh mM+us yxhA ijarq mlds eqag ls ^mQ* rd ugha fudyhA csar dh igyh pksV ds lkFk cM+s&cMs+ cnek’k Hkh dkjkxkj esa phRdkj

djrs gSa] ijarq ;g ;qod pqi FkkA ckjh ngkM+k] ^^dldj ekjksA** dksM+s dldj ekjs x,A ijarq ijekuan us ^pwa* rd ugha dhA

dksM+ cjlkus ds Ik’pkr~ mls ejge&iV~Vh djkus :X.kky; esa u Hkstrs gq, iqu% dksBjh esa gh can dj fn;k x;kA vaneku eas jktcafn;ksa

ij csar cjlkus dh ;g igyh gh ?kVuk FkhA

ckjh ij xkfy;ka nsus dh ikcanh

bl /kqukbZ dk tSls ijekuan dks dksbZ nq%[k ugha Fkk] oSls gh jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh ugha Fkk] D;ksafd ijekuan us igys gh ckjh ij vkØe.k

djds mls ihVk FkkA ckjh dh vizfr”Bk gqbZ] ijekuan ds rst LoHkko ds dkj.k iwjs mifuos’k esa jktcanh;ksa dk ncnck c<+k& bl ykHk ds

vkxs csar [kkus dk ewY; pqdkuk mls vf/kd egaxk ugha yxrkA gekjs vkneh us canhiky dks ekjk] rks rqeus mls casr ekjs] yks ge mls

foLe`r dj nsrs gSaA ijarq ckjh ds xkfy;ka cdus ds fu”ks/kkFkZ jktcafn;ksa esa ls db;ksa us gM+rky dj nhA Ik;Zos{kd vkSj ckjh lHkh dks

le>krs gq, ?kweus yxsA I;Zos{kd us Li”V dgk fd ^ckjh dks eSaus fdlh jktcanh dks xkyh&xykSt u djus ds l[r vkns’k fn, gSaA iqu%

,slk ugha gksxkA rqe yksx dke djuk vkjaHk djksA tks gksxk vkSj ftruk gks] cl mruk gh djks] ij dke djksA* bl vk’oklu ds ckn

ftUgksaus gM+rky dh Fkh] mUgksaus iqu% dke vkjaHk fd;kA

bl igyh gh Vksyh ds izfrdkj ds dkj.k ckn esa fl[k vkSj tks vU; Vksfy;ka vkbZ] mUgsa vf/kd d”V ds dke ugha djus iM+sA rFkkfi

ckjh dHkh&dHkh NksVs&eksVs jktcanh ij tksjktksjh djrs gq, dke dh ek=k c<+kus dk iz;kl djrkA dHkh ^;s jktcanh rhu ikSaM jLlk rqjar

iwjk djrs gSa] vr% pkj&ikap ikSaM djuk pkfg,*&,sls vkns’k nsrkA dHkh /khjs ls fdlh dks dksYgw ij Hkstus dh ckr djrkA ijarq jktcanh

dke dh ek=k c<+krs gh mldk izfrokn dj dke djus ls lkQ bUdkj djrs vkSj ckjh ds viuk vafre vL= ^dksM+s ek:axk* dh ckr

djrs gh lHkh iwjk dke NksM+ nsus dh /kedh nsrsA jktcafn;ksa ds tq>k: i{k us var rd ckjh dh nky ugha xyus nhA bl fuR; dh

p[kp[k ls jktcafn;ksa esa ls dksbZ&u&dksbZ fuR; eukbZ ij gksrkA jktcafn;ksa us ckjh dk vf/kd dke rks nwj] Ik;kZIr dke Hkh dHkh iwjk

ugha fd;kA

dkjkx`g ds }kj ij fuR; fy[kuk iM+rk fd ^dqy cafn;ksa esa ls fdrus dke djrs gSa vkSj fdrus ugha djrsA* jktcafn;ksa ds vkxeu ds

ckn ,slk dHkh ugha gqvk fd dke u djusokyksa dh

323

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


la[;k ‘kwU; gqbZ gksA bl izdkj dksbZ&u&dksbZ izfrdkj djrk jgk] blhfy, ckjh ;k vU; vf/kdkjh vf/kdkf/kd nckspus dk volj ;k

lkgl ugha dj ldsA

>xM+s gh tM+ lkojdj

fiNys izdj.k esa ;g crk;k x;k gS fd ;q} izkjaHk gksrs gh dkjkxkj esa ge ij vf/kdkfj;ksa d fdruk l[rk igjk FkkA mleas Hkh tc ;s

lSdM+ksa jktcanh dkjkxkj esa vk x, rc muds eu esas esjs izfr vknj] fo’okl ,oa iwT; Hkko ns[kdj ckjh ;FkklaHko eq>s muls nwj j[kus

ds fy, ,M+h&pksVh ,d djus yxkA ijarq ;g vlaHko gksus ls vius ikyrw fiV~Bvksa ls ,sls gFkdaMs pykdj Hkh fd ftlls esjs izfr muds

eu esa vfo’okl mRiUu gks] og lrr iz;kl dj jgk Fkka var rd og iz;kl mldh bPNk ds vuqlkj lQy ugha gks ldk] blls og

ty&Hkqu Hkh jgk FkkA jktcafn;ksa rFkk lk/kkj.kk cafn;ksa ls og dgrk] ^bl lkojdj ds cgdkos esa er vkuk] ;g O;FkZ gh vf/kdkfj;ksa dk

dksiHkktu cuk,xkA ;g dkepksj gS] xq:daVky gSA rqe ogh djks tks eSa dgwaA eSa rqEgkjk dY;k.k djkÅaxk vFkok ;fn eq>ij fo’okl u

gks rks og ns[kks&veqd O;fDr oSlk gh jktcanh gS t Sls rqeA ijarq fdruk f’k”V] fouez gSA blhfy, ns[kks] geus mUgsa vf/kdkj&in Hkh

fn,A ugha rks ns[kks og lkojdj a a a avHkh rd iM+k gS] dksBjh esa fNYdk dwVrk gqvkA* b/kj og jktcafn;ksa ls bl rjg dgrk] m/kj

vf/kdkfj;ksa dks lrr gekjs teZuh dh Mhaxsa gkadrk g SA vaxsztksa dh gkj ds lekpkj nsrk gS] “kM~;a= djokrk gSA ljsvke usr`Ro djus esa

naM ds Hk; ls Hkh ugha fgpfdpkrkA blds fy, fl[kksa esa ogh iwT; Hkkouk gS tSls igys Fkh] ;g ns[kdj og mUgsa HkM+dkus dk iz;kl

djsxkA pkgs yk[k >xM+s gksa ;k eSaus Hkh djok, gksa] rFkkfi jktcafn;ksa ij bldk tks izHkko gS] og de gksrk gh ughaA egk lkglh gS

;gA* eq>s blh rjg ,d u lq/kjus okys >x>kyw ds :i esa vf/kdkfj;ksa ls ckj&ckj ifjfpr djkus esa ckjh dk ,d vkSj mn~ns’; iwjk gk s

jgk FkkA og ;g fd dkjkx`g esa dqN Hkh xM+c<+ gksu s ls viuk mŸkjnkf;Ro >Vdrs gq, mldk Bhdjk esjs flj ij QksM+uk ckjh ds fy,

lgt FkkA ^ns[kks] ml lkojdj dk mdlkok!* ;gh ckjh ges’kk dgrkA

ckjh vius vkidks ftruk yqPpk] /kwrZ rFkk mLrkn le>rk] ,d rjg ls og mruk gh ew[kZ FkkA ;g ns[kdj fd jktcafn;ksa dks Bxus ds

fy, og mUgha mik;ksa dk lgkjk ysrk] ftuls lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dks Bxk djrk] eq>s galh vk tkrhA ,d ckj mlds eu esa ;g fopkj

vk;k fd mlus lkojdj ds fo:} tks&tks dgk gS] mlesa ls FkksM+k lk va’k Hkh mls fn[kk;k tk, rks vo’; mld gks’k mM+ tk,axs vkSj

fQj og

324

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


jktcafn;ksa ds laxBu dk usr`Ro NksM+ nsxkA bl rjg dqN lksprs gq, egk’k; us gesa dpgjh esa cqyk;kA ogka izFker% rks mlus gekjh

cqf}] fo}rk] lkoZtfud dk;Z esa fuHkhZdrkiwoZd dk;Zjr gksuk vkfn xq.kksa dh iz’kalk ds iqy cka/ks ¼;gh ckjh jktcafn;ksa ls dgrk] lkojdj

ijys ntsZ dk dkepksj gSA½ vkSj mlds Ik’pkr~ gekjs dku mesBuk vkjaHk fd;k fd ge vius xq.kksa dk fdl rjg nqO;Z; djrs gq, vius

ikaoksa ij Lo;a dqYgkM+h ekj jgs gSaA ^;fn vki ;g ns[ksaxs fd esjs eu esa lgkuqHkwfr gksrs gq, Hkh eq>s vkids fo:} fdrus Hk;adj

izfrosnu ¼fjiksVZ½ fy[kus iM+rs gSa&laHko gS vki lpsr gksaxsA* bl gsrw ;g djuk vf/kdkjh ds ukrs ;|fi ,dne fuf”k} gS] rFkkfi blfy,

fd esjs eu esa vkids izfr ln~Hkkouk gS] eSa dqN izfrosnu vkidks fn[kkrk gwaA* ;g dgrs gq, egk’k; us viuh nSfudh ¼diary½ fudkyh vkSj mlesa ls FkksM+k&FkksM+k va’k i<+k fd mlus le;≤ ij gekjs fo:} D;k&D;k fy[kk FkkA muesa ls ,sls dqN okD; tks gesa Lej.k

gSa] geus Åij fn;s gSaA esjs }kjk fganqLFkku ljdkj dks Hksts gq, izR;sd vkosnu ¼vthZ½ ds fo”k; esa ckjh viuh nSfudh esa fy[krk&^;g

ek= ,d xi gSA lkojdj ,slk O;fDr ugha tks fdlh Hkh lqfo/kk vFkok /kkSal ls nc tk,A og ,slk izk.kh gS tks dHkh ugha lq/kjsxkA* ;g

mYYks[k Hkh mlus eq>s fn[kk;k vkSj eq>s psrkouh nh fd eSa vkt dh bl ?kVuk dk mYys[k fdlh ls u d:aA

jk”Vªfgr esa v&fojks/kh opu dk ikyu

;gha ge ;g Hkh crk nsrs gSa fd ckjh us gekjs fo:} vFkok gels lgkuqHkwfr dk tks Hkh ^Hksn* ckj&ckj crk;k vkSj geus fo’okl ds

lkFk lquk] mlds ckjs esa geus dHkh Hkh fdlh dks dqN crk;k ughaA ;fn jk”Vªh; fgr ds fo:} u gks rks fn, gq, fookl ,oa opu dk

geus vkf[kjh ne rd ikyu fd;kA vc ckjh lkgc dk LoxZokl gq, dbZ cjl chr pqds gSa] vr% mu vusd laoknksa esa ls ;gka ij

mrus gh crk,axs] ftUgsa jk”Vªh; fgrkFkZ bl dFkk esa crkuk vko’;d gSA

vaneku ds bl o`Ÿkkar esa gesa bru s le; rd ckjh lkgc ds LoHkko dh dBksjrk dk ckj&ckj mYys[k djuk iM+k] ijarq ckjh lkgc ds

LoHkko dk nwljk igyw Hkh Fkk] ftldk mYys[k dgha&u&dgha djuk gekjk drZO; gSA fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks lhek ls vf/kd nks”kh Bgjkuk

ge vU;k; ekurs gSaA blesa jŸkh Hkj Hkh lansg ugha fd ckjh dBksj Fks] ijarq bl rFkk dks Hkh Lej.k j[kuk pkfg, fd ,d canhiky ds

ukrs bl dBksjrk dks /kkj.k djuk izk;% vko’;d Hkh FkkA fganqLFkku ds vijkf/k;ksa dks] tks vR;ar funZ;h] nq”V] ikih vkSj ,d iSl s ds

fy, Hkh galrs&galrs nwljs ds izk.k ysus ij mrk: gksrs gSa] ,sls Hk;adj leqnk; dks vuq’kklu esa j[kus tSlk dfBu dk;Z mudks

325

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


lkSaik x;k FkkA iwjs fganqLFkku ds mn~naMksa esa Hkh tYykn vijkf/kd;ksa esa ls <hB cnek’kksa dks vu’kkflr j[kus ds fy, fdlh dks Hkh ftruh

dBksjrk cjruh iM+rh] mruh dBksjrk mUgksaus cjrhA ij ;g mudk vijk/k ugha Fkk] ge ckj&ckj ;gh nksgjkrs gSaA ijarq blh rjg ds

yksxksa esa iwjk thou fcrkus ls mUgsa vPNs vkSj cqjs dh igpku ugha FkhA ;g mudk nks”k FkkA lp esa] mUgsa yxrk Fkk fd os iksVZ Cysvj

ds ijes’oj gSaA tks nkl dh rjg gka th& gka th djs og vPNk] vU; cqjsA euq”; dks ij[kus dh mudh cl ;gh O;k[;k Fkh] ;gh

mudk nks”k FkkA funZ;rk mudk euksjatu FkkA vui<+ gksus ds dkj.k] cqf} fodkl ds vHkkoo’k Kku] foKku] dyk vkfn xq.kksa rFkk

:fp;ksa dk muesa vR;Yi gh fodkl gks ik;k FkkA vr% vU; euksjatuksa ls os oafpr FksA canhx`g ds >esys] ipM+s ;gh muds ml ,dkar

mifuos’k esa laiw.kZ thou rFkk euksjatu cu pqds FksA rFkkfi canhx`g ls ckgj vius ifjokj] b”V fe=ksa vkfn ds lkFk os brus fueZe ugha

FksA bruk gh ugha] ;fn dksbZ mUgsa mdlkdj p<+krk rks p<+ Hkh tkrsA ijarq mUgsa bl ckr dk vglkl gksus ds dkj.k fd os fo}ku ugha]

yksx mUgsa fo}ku le>sa] mUgksaus djhc ikap&Ng vaxzsth dfork,a daBLFk dj yh Fkh] ftUgsa rfud iqpdkjus ij os fdlh dfo tSls Blds

ds lkFk lqukrsA dHkh&dHkh muij ;g lud Hkh lokj gks tkrh fd mudh fo}rk dk flDdk lHkh ij tesA rc ,d gh lkal esa

jVk&jVk;k lcdqN mxy nsrsA dsoy dkjkokl dk fojks/k NksM+dj os gekjs izfr lpeqp gh vknjHkko j[krs FksA

vaneku esa fdlh&u&fdlh dkj.ko’k vk, gq, O;kikjh] laiknd vFkok lSfud oxZ ds ;qjksih; yksx gesa ns[kus vo’; vk tkrsA ckjh

ns[krs fd ;q} ds fnuksa esa j.kukSdk ls vk, gq, ;wjksfi;u ukSdk&vf/kdkjh Hkh gekjh iwNrkN djrs gq, gels leku vf/kdkj ds ukrs

laokn djus pys vkrs gSaA vFkkZr~ muds eu esa gekjs izfr vknj mRiUu gksuk LokHkkfod FkkA muds ifjokj ds yksxksa esa mudh iRuh bZ’oj

ij cgqr J}k j[krh Fkh vk Sj mudh l=g&vBkjg o”khZ; bdykSrh dU;k jaxwu ls eSfVªd ikl djds ogha v/;kfidk cu xbZ FkhA ckjh dh

funZ;rk ij ckj&ckj vadq’k j[kus esa bu nks efgykvksa dk vR;f/kd ;ksxnku FkkA canh dgrs] ckjh dh vR;f/kd dBksjrk ns[kdj mldh

vkfLrd iRuh mls ckj&ckj jksdrh FkhA os nksuksa Hkh gels O;fDrxr lgkuqHkwfr j[krh FkhA dqekjh ckjh c piu ls ysdj firk dh e`R;q

rd tc&dHkh Nqfê;kas esa jaxwu ls vaneku vkrhA rc vDlj gh gels feyus dkjkxkj esa pyh vkrh vkSj cM+h lgkuqHkwfr ds lkFk

vk/kk&vk/kk ?kaVk fofHkUu fo”k;ksa ij ppkZ djrhA O;fDrxr laca/ko’k ckjh ds ifjokj ds lkFk vkSj ml le; ckjh ds lkFk Hkh ge mrus

gh iszeiwoZd rFkk fe=rkiwoZd O;ogkj djrsA dHkh&dHkh ckjh viuh dksBh ls gekjs

326

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fy, dqN Qy Hkh HkstrsA ijarq mlesa mudk var%LFk gsrq ;g jgrk fd de&ls&de blls rks ge mlds izfr d`rK jgsaxsA lkStU;rkiwoZd

ge mldks Lohdkj Hkh djrs] vkSj ;gak d`rKrkiwoZd gh mldk lkoZtfud mYys[k Hkh dj jgs gSaA ijarq blesa ckjh lkgc dks vkl jgrh

fd ge jktcafn;ksa dk i{k NksM+dj vFkok mifuos’k ds gtkjksa Lons’k ca/kqvksa ds nq%[k foekspukFkZ vkSj mUufr gsrq vius ‘kqf}] Kku forj.k

vkfn vkanksyu ls ukrk rksM+dj dsoy viu gh fgrks&fgr ns[krs gq, gkFk&ij&gkFk /kjs cSBs jgsaA og vk’kk tc geus foQy dh vkSj

muds vU;k; dk iqu% iwoZor~ fojks/k djrs jgs] rc mUgsa vius lkStU; ij iNrkok gksrk vkSj os vR;f/kd fu”Bqjrk dk izn’kZu djrsA os

geesa ls ,d&nks O;fDr;ska dks vkWfQl esa cqykrs] tks muds ml O;fDrxr lkStU; dks Lohdkj djrs gq, mudh ejth ds vuqlkj O;ogkj

djrs Fks vkSj ftUgksaus viuh ;g uhfr fuf’pr dh Fkh fd dsoy vius gh Bhd&Bkd fnu fcrkus dh fpark djuh pkfg,A mlh le; os

gesa Hkh cqykrs] ijarq tku&cq>dj mUgsa dqLkhZ nsdj dqN fy[kus dk dke nsrs vkSj gesa lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dh rjg frjLdkj ls nwjh ij okWMZj

ds igjs esa [kM+k j[krsA bl mn~ns’; ls fd blls vU; lHkh cafn;ksa esa gekjh vizfr”Bk gks vkSj gesa iNrkok gks fd ckjh ds lkStU; ds

o’k esa gksdj geus lkoZtfud dk;Z D;ksa ugha NksM+kA

nksuksa lansg R;kT;

ijraq ckjh ;g ckr Hkwy tkrs fd muds }kjk gekjh vizfr”Bk fd, tkus ij cafn;ksa esa gekjh izfr”Bk vkSj Hkh c<+rh gSA fdacgquk

tc&tc os gekjs izfr vknj O;Dr djus ds fy, gesa dqN migkj Hkstrs vFkok viuh lkStU;rk dk izn’kZu djrs] mlh le; gekjs

lkfFk;ksa esa] tks vfrjsdh LoHkko ds Fks] mudk gekjs ckjs esa rfud izfrdwy Hkko gksrkA os ;gh vkifŸk mBkrs fd ge ckjh }kjk Hksts Qyksa

dks Lohdkj gh D;ksa djrs gSa\ ge bu nksuksa ‘kadkvksa dks R;kT; le>dj mUgsa le>krs fd gekjh ml O;fDr ls D;k ‘k=qrk gS\ og vFkok

mlds ifjokj ds yksx tc LusgiwoZd rFkk vknj ds lkFk O;ogkj djuk pkgrs gSa rks O;fDr fo”k;d lkStU; dk izn’kZu djuk lH;rk dh

n`f”V ls gekjk Hkh drZO; gSA muds ml O;ogkj esa ;fn dksbZ fo”kSyk gsrq gks rks ml gykgy dks rks ge ipk gh jgs gSa rks O;fDr fo”k;d

lkStU; dk izn’kZu djuk lH;rk dh n`f”V ls gekjk Hkh drZO; gSA muds ml O;ogkj esa ;fn dksbZ fo”kSykk gsrq gks rks ml gykgy dks

rks ge ipk gh jgs gSa] ml gsrq dks ge foQy Hkh dj jgs gSaA dHkh ckjh dks ge nks&Vwd dg nsrs] ^vkids vkxzg ds fy, ge vkHkkjh

gSaA ftl fLFkfr esa vki vkSj ge Qal x, gSa] mlesa lkoZtfud dk;Z esa vkidk fojks/k djuk esjs fy, vfuok;Z gSA vr% ml Lora=rk

dks vckf/kr j[krs gq, ;fn eq>s vkidk vkfrF; Lohdkjuk laHko gks] rHkh vki ;g d”V djsaA bruk Li”V dgus ds ckotwn os vkSj

327

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


muds ifjokj ds yksx dHkh&dHkh vuqjks/kiwoZd eq>s cqykrs] eq>ls ckr djrs] esjk lEeku djrsA rc O;fDrxr n`f”V ls eSa Hkh&;g x`ghr

djrs gq, fd viuk mn~ns’; os cl mlh le; ds fy, O;Dr djrs gSa] mlesa fujis{k vknj gh gS& muls d `rKrkiwoZd vkpj.k djrk

vkSj muds lEeku dks Lohdkj djrkA

okLro esa ckr ;g Fkh fd ckjh LoHkko nqjaxk FkkA muds eu esa vknjHkko FkkA ,slk ugha fd muds àn; esa n;k Fkh gh ugha( ijarq lkjk

thou ,sls dBksj O;olk; vkSj yqPps&eDdkjksa ds lkFk va’kr% vifjgk;Z yqPpkiu] eDdkjh iznf’kZr djus esa O;rhr gksus ds dkj.k mudh

mnkj Hkkouk esa Hkh Hkwy&pwd ls dHkh vuqnkj o`fŸk dh cawn fxjs fcuk ugha jgrhA muds b”V fe= rFkk dqVaqch gekjh vaxszth dfork,a

i<+rs] gekjk iwoZ pfj= cM+h mRlqdrk ,oa iz’kalkiwoZd lqurs vkSj lk/kkj.kr;k vknj Hkkouk ls gekjh vksj ns[krsA mudh izkFkZuk ij geus

mUgsa dqN vaxszth dfork,a Hkh fy[kdj nh FkhA

,d fnolh; fujis{k n;k Hkko

gka] ,d fnu& o”kZ esa ,d fnu ckjh vius eu esa laiw.kZ fujis{k Hkko /kkj.k djus dk iz;kl djrsA og Fkk fØlel dk fnuA ml fnu

vk;jySaM ds jkseu dSFkkfyd laiznk; ds ihf<+;ksa ds laLdkj dk iksVZ Cysvj ds ml isVw Hkxoku dks Hkh neu djuk vlaHko gksrsk vkSj

mudh eqnzk ‘kkar] d:.kke; ,oa n;kyq fn[kkbZ nsrhA ml fnu muds dV~Vj fojks/kh jktcanh Hkh frjLdkj ,oa ?k`.kk ls mudh Hk`dqfV;ka

Vs<+h ugha dj ldrs FksA ckjh mUgsa Hkh lEekuiwoZd vius dk;kZy; esa fueaf=r djrs vkSj nl&ckjg :i, [kpZ djrs gq, muds fy,

feBkbZ] nw/k] pk; vkfn eaxokrsA

,sls le; izk;% ge ml ehBs lEeku dks udkjrs gq, mlds cnys esa ,d&nks rkts lekpkj&i= eaxokrsA ckjh gka&uk djrs&djrs mUgsa

Hkstrs] iqu% feBkbZ Hkh vo’; HkstrsA ;fn ge m/kj ugha tkrs rks dksBjh esa Hkst nsrsA ml fnu os fdlh Hkh canh ls lglk dBksj

vkpj.k ugha djrsA vfHk;ksx Hkh ;FkklaHko ugha yxkrsA

Ckkjh tSls O;kolkf;d ØwjdekZ] <hB O;fDr dks Hkh de&ls&de o”kZ esa ,d fnu bruk lkSE; vkSj làn; ftl :f<+ vFkok mins’k us

fd;k] ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd mlds izsf”kr bZlk dk mins’k vFkok og dSFkksfyd :f<+ laiw.kZ foQy gks xbZA pyks] ge fganwLFkkuh

jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh bZlk elhg ds mins’k dk YkkHk feyk&ml fnu esjs eu esa ;gh ,d etsnkj fopkj vk tkrkA

Ckjh ds lkStU; dh rjg mudh LoHkkoxr prqjkbZ Hkh pks[kh ugha FkhA tSls mudk lkStU; fdafpr~ oØ Fkk oSlh gh mudh prqjkbZ Hkh

fdafpr ew[kZrkiw.kZ gksrh]

328

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


D;ksafd ew[kZrk dk ,d y{k.k vkRe&e;kZnk dh igpku u gksuk gSA og mlesa Li”V :i esa O;Dr gksrkA blhfy, mldh /kkj.kk Fkh]

lk/kkj.k vf’kf{kr canh dks Bxkus esa vFkok >qdkus esa ftl prqjkbZ dk ykHk mUgsa gksrk] mlh dk mi;ksx loZ= gksxkA blh dkj.k bl

isphns ekeys ds rkSj ij mUgksaus ml fnu gesa dk;kZy; esa cqykdj viuh nSfudh lqukbZA mlh dkj.ko’k lR; gh gesa ;g Kkr gqvk fd

okLro esa ckjh gekjs fo:} D;k fy[krs Fks vkSj vius ofj”Bksa ds ikl dSls fjiksVZ Hkstrs FksA mlh le; jktcafn;ksa esa ls muds fiV~Bqvksa

ds laca/k esa fd, gq, vuqdwy mYys[k&dsoy gesa [kwa[kkj fl} djus ds fy, D;ksa u gksa& ijarq muds eqag ls fudys fo’oluh; okD;&;|fi

ckjh mu i`”Bksa dks fNikus dk iz;kl dj jgs Fks&rFkkfi va’kr% os fn[kkdj] tks og gesa fn[kkuk pkgrs Fks] vFkZiw.kZ eqnzk esa dgk] ^^ns[k yh

u esjh Mk;jh\**

ml ys[ku dk] tks gekjs fo:} Fkk] frjLdkjiw.kZ migkl djrs gq, eSaus dgk&izkphu dky esa jkse ds lhtj dh j[kh gqbZ nSfudh vkSj vc

bl xaokj lhtj dh nSfudhA nSfudh fo’o Hkj esa ek= nks gh gSaA lpeqp gh ges a nksuksa dks ns[kus dk lkSHkkX; izkIr gks x;kA

rfud fp<+dj ijarq galh&etkd esa ckr vkbZ&xbZ djrs gq, ckjh us dgk] ^^ijarq bldk rkRi;Z ;fn Lej.k j[ksaxs rks vkidk dY;k.k

gksxkA ljdkj ds ikl vkids fo:} izpqj ek=k esa Hk;adj izfro`Ÿk lafpr gks x, gSaA vHkh Hkh laHky tkb,A ,d fe= ds ukrs lykg ns

jgk gwa vkSj vc bu uokxr iatkch cafn;ksa ds ekeys ls loZFkk nwj jfg,A izk;% os lHkh xaokj] vkokjk] daxys rFkk etnwj gSaA cl pys

vk, jktuhfr ds va/kM+ esa iSlksa ds ykyp esaA Hkyk fdlfy, Mkds Mkys Fks llqjksa us\ muls ckr djuk Hkh vkidh egkurk dks ‘kksHkk

ugha nsrka**

eSaus ‘kkafriwoZd fdarq fu’p; ls tks mŸkj fn;k] mldk rkRi;Z Fkka&^^egk’k;] lPpk f’kf{kr ogh gS tks yksxksa ds nq%[k ls nzohHk wr gksdj

muds lq[k ds fy, viuh ;krukvksa dks Bhdjk le>rk gSA ;s iatkch] fl[k Hkys gh vaxszth ugha tkurs gksaxs] ijarq vaxszth gh f’k{kk ugha

gSA buds leku lqf’kf{krksa us lgÛksa esa nl O;fDr;ksa us Hkh jk”Vª ds fy, bl rjg dk LokFkZ&R;kx] izk.k&R;kx ugha fd;k gksxkA vr% ;s

fuHkhZd vkSj lh/ks&lkns fdlku rFkk Jfed yksx esjs fy, fdlh Hkh rjg ls jktcafn;ksa ls de izfrf”Br ugha gSaA vr% eSa buls rks vo’;

laca/k j[kwaxkA**

ckjh tc fuank djrs Fks rc mldk fojks/k djuk og drbZ ilan ugha djrs FksA eqagns[kh D;ksa u gks] ml fuank esa gka esa gka feykus ls os

[kq’k gks tkrs FksA ;g tkurs gq, Hkh gesa bu iatkch ‘kwj rFkk lPps Locka/koksa dh fuank lquu ikikLin izrhr gqvk vkSj

329

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


geesa mudk leFkZu fd, fcuk ugha jgk x;kA blls ckjh dk ikjk p<+ x;kA gesa os iDdk ‘k=q ekuus yxsA ijarq izR;{k fdlh Hkh Hk;adj

vfHk;ksx esa gesa Qalkus dk volj ge mUgsa dHkh ugha nsrs FksA vr% dbZ fnuksa rd os gkFk eyrs jgsA blds Ik’pkr~ nks&pkj ckj gesa

fdlh vfHk;ksx esa Qalkus ds fy, mUgksaus dqN cnek’kksa dh fu;qfDr dhA

muls cgdkok feyrs gh bu cnek’kksa us ge ij ykaNu yxkus dk “kM~;a= jpus ds ckj&ckj iz;kl fd,A ,d&nks mnkgj.k gh izLrqr djrs

gSa& ,d ckj ,d bZlkbZ cnek’k us gekjh bekjr ds Lukux`g esa ,d Nqjh fNikdj j[k nh vkSj ,d xokgh nsus ds fy, og ,d vU;

fganw cnek’k dks] tks blh rjg ds >esyksa esa fuiq.k Fkk] mdlk;k fd gius fdlh vf/kdkjh dh gR;k djus ds fy, og Nqjh eaxokbZ FkhA

lkSHkkX;o’k gekjs fganw laxBu ds iz;klksa ls izHkkfor gksdj ml fganw canh dk gekjk uke fiz; gks x;k FkkA mlus mudh gka esa gka feykrs

gq, ;g lekpkj gesa ns fn;kA geus ml “kM~;a= dh lwpuk ckjh dks nh vkSj jktcafn;ksa ds lkeus mUgsa psrkouh nh fd ;fn bldh tkap

ugha dh xbZ rks lkjk ekeyk ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa rd igqapk;k tk,xkA vFkkZr~ egk’k; dk tks’k BaMk iM+ x;k vkSj fcuk fdlh vkap ds

ge lgh&lyker cp x,A

ckjh Vka;&Vka; fQLl

,d vU; mLrkn eqlyeku cnek’k dks dksM+s ls ihVdj mls gekjs fudV yksgs ds fiatM+s esa can fd;k x;k FkkA vius vijk/k dh {kek

feys] blds fy, mlus gekjs lkeus dh yksgs dh nks NM+s] tks bekjr can djus ds fy, yxh Fkh] muesa ls ,d mlh jrk ,d eqlyeku

okWMZj }kjk nh xbZ NksVh vkjh ls dkVdj j[k nhA mlds “kM~;a= esa ,d cehZ Hkh ‘kkfey FkkA ;fn ckr cu xbZ rks jkrksjkr ml fiatjs

rFkk bekjr ls NqVdkjk vkSj Qal x, rks lyk[ksa geus dkVh Fkh vkSj ge Hkkx tkus okys Fks] mlh fnu la/;k le; mu lyk[kksa dks eqM +k

gqvk ns[kdj raMsy dk ekFkk Budk vkSj mudh iksy [kqy xbZA rc ml eqlyeku cnek’k us dgk fd eSaus mu lyk[kksa dks dkVk gS vkSj

eSa ml jkr Hkkxusokyk FkkA ijarq Nkuchu esa ml cãh xokg us pqxyh dhA bl lansg ls ml eqlyeku us mldk uke Hkh crk fn;kA

ijarq idM+s tkus ij ml czãh xokg us lPpkbZ mxy nh vkSj Øks/k ls ml eqlyeku cnek’k dh vlyh ;kstuk dk HkaMkQksM+ fn;k rFkk

ml eqlyeku okWMZj dks Hkh idM+ok;kA vFkkZr~ gekjs Åij yxk ykaNu Hkh Vy x;kA bl laca/k esa eSaus Ik;Zos{kd dks Hkh psrkouh nsrs

330

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gq, Li”V ‘kCnksa esa dgk fd bl izdkj ds feF;k ykaNu eq> ij Fkksis tkrs gSa vkSj bldk dkj.k ckjh dkmu cnek’kksa dks ;gdgrs gq,

Qqlykuk gS fd ^lkojdj ij dM+h utj j[kksA*

bu ?kVukvksa ls fHkUu ,d vkSj ?kVuk esa gesa Qalkus dk ckjh us th&rksM+ iz;kl fd;k FkkA

iatkch fl[k jktcafn;ksa esa ,d jktcanh prjflag FksA os fl[k ikB’kkyk esa v/;kid FksA mUgkasus ikB’kkyk ds fujh{k.kkFkZ vk, ,d vaxszt

vf/kdkjh ij Økafrdkfj;ksa dh xM+cM+h esa l’kL= vkØe.k dj mldh gR;k djus dk iz;kl fd;k FkkA mls vkthou dkjkokl dk naM gks

x;kA og Øks/kh LoHkko dk FkkA dkjkx`g esa fl[k cafn;ksa dks cky /kksus ds fy, lkcqu] rsy vkfn NksVh&eksVh phtsa Hkh u nsuk] dke dh

l[rh] xkyh&xykSt vkfn vusd fnDdrksa dks lgrs&lgrs Åcdj ,d fnu cafn;ksa dk otu ysrs le; mlus ,d vaxszt Ik;Zos{kd ij /kkok

cksy fn;kA bl gkFkkikbZ esa I;Zos{kd dqlhZ ls rks fxjk] ij mls dqN vf/kd pksV ugha vkbZA vpkud Ik;Zos{kd ij gkFk mBkus dh

ph[k&iqdkj gkssrs gh iaMsy] okWMZj vkfn us prjflga dh /kqukbZ dhA vPnk gqvk] ml Ik;Zos{kd us Lo;a chp esa iM+dj mls NqM+k;kA ijarq

;g lekpkj lqurs gh ckjh us fjiksVZ nh fd eSaus ¼lkojdj us½ gh prjflag dks mdlk;kA ;g Ik;Zos{kd gels dHkh&dHkh jktuhfrd ppkZ

fd;k djrk Fks] muls eSaus bl ?kVuk ds ,d fnu iwoZ gh ;g iz’u fd;k Fkk fd vki fganqLFkku dks ns’kh; Lojkt ¼home rule½nsus ds i{k esa gSa ;k ughaA ml izlax dk ykHk mBkrs gq, ckjh us dgk&ml iz’u ls gh fl} gksrk gS fd lkojdj dk nwljs fnu gq, vkØe.k esa

gkFk FkkA nwljh ckr ;g fd ml vkØe.k dk izfrdkj djus ds fy, nks&pkj jktcafn;ksa us Ik;Zos{kd ds ikl tkrs gq, prjflag dk rhoz

fojks/k Hkh fd;k FkkA ijarq geus ,slk dqN Hkh ugha fd;k FkkA ckjh ds ;g iwNrs gh fd vkius ,slk D;ksa ugha fd;k] geus dgk fd

^vkidk gh vkns’k gS fd ,d canh nwljs ds dkeksa esa gLr{ksi u djsA esjs lxs HkkbZ tc :X.kkoLFkk esa Fks vkSj mUgsa :X.kky; esa ugha

Hkstk x;k rc eSaus vkils rFkk Ik;Zos{kd ls ;g izkFkZuk dh Fkh fd vki bl ckr dks ns[ksaA rc lxs HkkbZ ds laca/k esa Hkh vkius dgk Fkk]

^vki canh gS] pkgs og HkkbZ gks ;k dksbZ vU;] vkidks fdlh vU; canh ds fo”k; esa cksyus dk dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha gSA* vc prjflag Hkh

vU; canh gSA Hkyk mlds ekeys esa eSa D;ksa cksyw\ rhljh ckr ;g Fkh fd tc ;g r; gks x;k Fkk fd prjflag ij dksM+s cjlk, tk,axs]

rc vU; cafn;ksa ds lkFk ge Hkh dg jgs Fks fd prjflag us fu;e fo:} vkØe.k fd;k Fkk rks ljdkj us Hkh fu;e fo:} mldh

peM+h m/ksM+h FkhA og naM rks ik gh pqdk FkkA rc vc csar ekjus dk dksbZ dkj.k ugha

331

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gSA* gekjh bu nks&rhu ckrksa dks tksM+dj ckjh ;g fl} djus dk iz;kl djrs yxk fd ^bl d`R; dh tM+ esa lkojdj ca/kq gh gSaA* blds

Ik’pkr~ cjlksa rd prjflag dks yksgs ds fiatjs esa can j[kk x;kA bl ekeys esa izks- ijekuan ds gkFk esa ;wa gh iM+h fpVB~h ls mUgksaus

viuk rdZ izLrqr fd;k fd ^;g lkjh djrwr ckjh dh gh gksrh FkhA Ik;Zos{kd dks lHkh jktcafn;ksa ds fo:} HkM+dkus dk volj fey

tkus ls og [kq’k gks tkrk FkkA vr% mlus vkSj vU; vf/kdkfj;ksa us bldk Bhdjk lkojdj ca/kq gh dkjkx`g dh lkjh v’kkafr dh tM+

gS] D;kasfd v’kkafr QSykus esa mUgsa cM+k vkuan feyrk gSA*A* ¼izks- ijekuan d`r vkichrh½

;q} ds fnuksa esa gekjs fo:} mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa rd bl rjg vusd lansg mRiUUk fd, tkus ds dkj.k gesa rFkk gekjs b”V fe=ksa dks bl ckr

dk dHkh irk ugha pyrk Fkk fd gesa dc fdl pDdj esa Qalk;k tk,xkA vFkkZr~ bl fparktud fLFkfr esa ge vkRe&lqj{kkFkZ ;FkklaHko

lko/kkuh cjrrs fd dkjkx`g ds fu;eksa ds fo:} dHkh viuk ix u c<+sA ijarq Lo;a fu;e&Hkax dh dSaph esa u Qalus dh lko/kkuh

cjrrs gq, Hkh gekjk eu ;gh dgrk fd vius lgd”V Hkksxh jktcafn;ksa ds vFkok vU; cafn;ksa ds lq[k&nq%[kkFkZ dsoy rVLFk jgrs vius

lkoZtfud fgrkFkZ NsM+s gq, vkanksyuksa dk loZLo NksM+ nsuk Hkh:rk gSA vr% ge ;FkklaHko jktcafn;ksa ds i{k dk leFkZu djrs gq, mu ij

gksusokys vU;k; nwj djus ds lk/ku vk;ksftr djrs esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+rsA

LokLF; fxj x;k

lu~1914&19 ds nkSjku gh gekjk LokLF; fxjuk vkjaHk gks x;k FkkA lu~ 1910 esa foyk;r esa idM+s tkus ds Ik’pkr~ foyk;rh canh’kkyk]

fganqLFkkuh dkjkx`g vkSj vaneku ds dkykikuh&bu fofHkUu canhx`gksa esa tks vusd ‘kkjhfjd d”V >syus iM+s] ikfjokfjd fpark,a ogu djuh

iM+h] jktuhfrd vkanksyuksa ds mR{kksHkd rFkk fparktud iz;kl djus iM+s] lanwf”kr vUu] LokLF; fo?kkrd jgu&lgu rFkk dBksj ifjJe

dk lkeuk djuk iM+k] mu lHkh foinkvksa ds fujarj ruko es a lu~ 1915 rd gekjk ‘kjhj fVdk rks jgk ijarq viDo rFkk fuLlŸo

vUu&lsou ls mlh o”kZ ls ikpu&fØ;k esa ck/kk igqapus yxhA geus ;g ckr I;Zos{kd vkfn vf/kdkfj;ksa ds dkuksa esa Mkyus dk iz;kl

fd;kA ijarq le; ij fdlh us Hkh iwNrkN ugha dhA ckn esa ,d&nks ckj rst Toj p<+kA ijarq Toj esa Hkh vU; cafn;ksa dh rjg gesa

:X.kky; esa ugha Hkstk tkrkk vkSj Toj esa Hkh vU; cafn;ksa dh rjg gesa :X.kky; esa ugha Hkstk tkrk vkSj Toj mrjus ds ckn :X.kky;

esa dqN fnu FkksM+k vPNk lk Hkkstu Hkh ugha fn;k tkrkA Toj de gksrs&u&gksrs gh iqu% dke ij Hkstk tkrk vkSj iqu% ogh

332

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


v/kdPpk&v/kidk vUu feyrkA blls vfrlkj dk fodkj c<+ x;kA tgka lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dks dsoy vPnk dke djus ij nw/k fn;k

tkrk] ogka gesa ,d ?kwaV nw/k ugha feyrkA vr% dkjkxkjh; ^nky* ds lkFk gh Hkkr [kkuk iM+rkA jksVh vf/kdrj dPph gksus ls geus [kkuk

gh NksM+ fn;k Fkk] ijarq blls otu ?kVus yxkA vkxs nky Hkh gte u gksrhA rc pkoy esa dsoy fo’kq} ty ?kksydj mls daB ls

mrkjus dk Øe dqN fnu cuk, j[kkA blfy, fd tSls&rSls bl vfrlkj ls tku NwVsA vfrlkj ls isV esa ejksM+ gksrh FkhA ejk sM+ vkus

ij vle; ‘kkSp tkus dh dkjkx`g esa yxHkx ikcanh gksus ls cgqr d”V gksrkA ‘kjhj esa Toj te x;k Fkk] mlls Hkh vfrlkj c<+rkA

var esa pkoy Hkh gte ugha gksrk Fkk] D;ksafd nks&pkj fnuksa ds Ik’pkr~ og v/kidk gh ijkslk tkrkA vfrlkj dh ek=k vf/kd rks gks xbZ

ijarq og bruh vf/kd gksuh pkfg, Fkh] ftlls MkWDVj dks fo’okl gks&rHkh og jksxh dks ns[kus vk,xkA bruh vkdqfyr euksn’kk gks xb Z

fd bZ’oj ls eUur ekaxwa] Hkxoku] tc MkWDVj ds lkeus ‘kkSp d:a rks mlesa vkao vo’; fxjs! D;kasfd] ;fn fdlh dkj.ko’k vkao ugha

vkbZ vFkok dsoy [kwu dh ,d cwan ek= fxj xbZ rks ^;g vlR; gS* dgrk gqvk MkWDVj pyk tk,xkA geus Lo;a dbZ ckj ;g vuqHko

fd;k gS fd isV esa ‘kwy mBrk] jkr&csjkr [kwu fxjrk] ijarq la;ksxo’k MkWDVj ds lkeus ugha fxjk rks ^lkS izfr’kr feF;k*! vkSj ;g lc

^dsoy lansg* oxZ esa pyk tkrk&;fn bl oxZ esa ugha x;k rksA tc MkWDVj dk vkuk vkSj Toj vFkok vkao dk fxjuk lkFk&lkFk gksrk

rks ml le; ge brus mid`r vuqHko djrs tSls bZ’oj izlUu gks x;k gksA ,sls vuwBs ef.kdkapu ;ksx ds lkFk ;fn ge :X.k fl} gks

x, rks ,d&nks fnu Bhd Hkkstu rFkk :X.kksa dks izkIr nw/k ds dkj.k vfrlkj can gksrk&fd iqu%dke ij tkuk a a a aiqu% ogh vUu a a iqu%

ogh jksx a a a a

blh le; gekjs ca/kq dks Hkkstu cukus dh vuqKk izkIr gks xbZA lu~ 1914 esa gM+rky ds var esa vkthou naM izkIr jktcafn;ksa dks Lo;a

Hkkstu cukus dk tks vf/kdkj fn;k x;k Fkk] mlh ds vuqlkj ;g vuqKk nh xbZ FkhA gekjs HkkbZ lkgc dPph lkexzh ysrs vkSj nl cts

dke ls NqV~Vh feyus ds Ik’pkr~ ml dksus esa] tks muds fy, fu;r fd;k x;k Fkk] tkdj Hkkstu idkrsA vkxs pydj okeujko tks’kh dks

Hkh muds lkFk Hkkstu cukus dh vuqKk izkIr gks xbZA mu nksuksa dks lgHkkstu djrs ns[kdj cgqr lq[k gksrkA ekfudrYys ds jktcafn;ksa

dks Hkh ,d lkFk j[kk x;kA gekjs HkzkrkJh dks bl rjg vuqKk feyrs gh os dHkh lkx] dHkh jksVh] dHkh nky&dqN&u&dqN pksjh&pksjh gesa

Hkstrs] D;ksafd rc rd gesa Hkkstu idkus dh vuqKk ugha feyh FkhA vkxs tc fey xbZ rc lkFkh ysus dh vuqefr ugha feyh vkSj viuk

LokLF; vf/kd fxjus ls Hkkstu cukus dk Je Hkh ugha fd;k tkrk FkkA rqjar Toj p<+ tkrkA

333

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vr% ca/kq dh vksj ls tks dqN pksjh&fNis izkIr gksrk] ml ij gh xqtkjk djrkA mudh ml ujksVh Hkj nky dk Lokn p[kdj] gekjs

ca/kqjkt ikddyk esa fuiq.k gSa] ;g vkHkkl gksrkA de&ls&de gels vf/kd rks vo’; gSaA og Hkkstu ve`r rqY; izrhr gksrkA bldk

dkj.k gekjs ca/kq dh ikd dq’kyrk gh ugha] vfirq ;g Hkh Fkk fd ftl fnu nky ugha feyrh] ml fnu ek= fo’kq} ty ds lkFk Hkkr

[kkus dk izlax vk tkrk] D;kasfd dkjkxkjh; nky iprh ugha Fkh vkSj nw/k ds lkFk Hkkr [kkus dk izlax vk tkrk] D;ksafd dkjxkjh; nky

iprh ugha Fkh vkSj nw/k dk rks n’kZu gh nqyZHkA

,slh fLFkfr esa mŸkjksŸkj LokLF; fxjrk x;k vkSj gekjs lkoZtfud dk;Z rFkk dkjkxkjh; d”V c<+rs gh x,A /khjs&/khjs izfrfnu jkr&csjkr

Toj p<+us yxkA ijarq og vf/kdkfj;ksa dh Lfkwy n`f”V dks izR;{k xkspj ugha gksrk Fkk] vr% ,sls gh fcuk nokbZ] fcuk foJke ds fnu

<dsyus iM+sA m/kj gekjs ca/kq dh vk/kklhlh ckj&ckj HkM+d mBrh] ml dqxzkl Hkkstu dh fujarjrk ds ifj.kkeLo:i mudk LokLF; Hkh

fxjrk jgkA vkf[kj gesa vkSj mUgsa Hkh FkksM+k lk nw/k jkst feyus yxkA ijarq og Hkh rc tc LokLF; bruh gn rd fxj x;k fd ml nw/k

dks ipkus dh ‘kfDr Hkh ugha jgha

blh volj ij jktcafn;ksa dks fo{kqC/k dj nsusokyh ,d nq?kZVuk ?kVhA oSls ,d&nks jktcafn;ksa ds >xM+s rFkk O;fDr’k% dke djus ls

bUdkj rks fuR; dh ckr FkhA vf/kdkfj;ksa dh vknr ls Hkh ge ifjfpr Fks] blfy, bl rjg ds izR;sd fojy vFkok vkaf’kd vU;k; dk

izfrdkj djus ds fy, izksRlkfgr djuk ge viuk drZO; le>rs FksA lHkh jktcafn;ksa ls Ms<+ ikSaM fNydk ysus dh ifjikVh gksrs gq, Hkh]

,d&nks vYio; caxkyh jktcafn;ksa dks pqudj vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk muls nks ikSaM ysus dh tcjnLrh djrs gh rFkk ;fn bruk dke iwjk ugha

gqvk rks naM nsrs&nsrs var esa dksM+s ekjus dh /kedh nsrs gh] mUgsa jktcafn;ksa dh lkoZf=d gM+rky dk Hk; fn[kk;k x;kA rc dgha

vf/kdkjh bl ckr ij jkth gq, fd muls cl mruk gh fNydk fy;k tk,xkA ftruk os ns ldsaA bl rjg >xM+s gksus ij lacaf/kr

O;fDr dks eq>ls nwj j[kus ds fy, ;FkklaHko vU; d{k esa Hkstk tkrk] ftlls izfrdkjkFkZ esjh lgk;rk u feysA bl Ms<+ ikSaM fNyds ds

>esys esa gh ,d lPps rFkk cqf}eku jktcanh dks Hkh] tks caxky ;wuhoZflVh esa ,e-,- dk Nk= Fkk] dke djus ls bUdkj djuk iM+kA mls

nks ikSaM fNyds ds fy, dke djuk vR;f/kd d”Vizn izrhr gksrkA m/kj vf/kdkjh dk gB Fkk fd nks ikSaM iwjk djuk gh gksxkA mls dbZ

naM Hkqxrus iM+s vkSj var esa casr Hkh [kkus iM+sA jktcanh dks dksM+s ekjus dk Øwj naM dsoy blfy, fd og vU; tUekH;klh Jethoh

etnwjksa dh rjg ifjJe dj ugha ldrk FkkA ijarq naM nsus esa u fgapfdpkusokys vf/kdkfj;ksa dk frjLdj.kh; gB ftruk vfrjsdiwoZd

iznf’kZr gqvk] mruk gh ,e-,-

334

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


rd f’kf{kr mPp dqyhu ml caxkyh ;qod ds eq[k ls ,d phRdkj dk Hkh u fudyuk vkSj ‘kkafr ls dksM+s lguk ,d vuqdj.kh; lkfŸod

fu’p; ,oa /kS;Z’kkyh lgu’khyrk dk gh izn’kZu jgkA

bl fuR; fu;fer ekFkkiPph ls ;|fi ml le; ,d gh O;fDr dks d”V lguk iM+rk] rFkkfi ml ;ksx ls dqYk feykdj lHkh jktcafn;ksa

ij dke dk cks> Mkyuk vf/kdkfj;ksa ds fy, dfBu gks x;kA tgka nks ikSaM fNydk Hkh dfBu gksrk ogka dksYgw dk uke dkSu ysus nsrk\

tc ls iatkc ds jktcanh vk, rc ls iksVZ Cysvj ds dkjkxkj ds fuEu Js.kh ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dh og v’yhy] vf’k”V ‘kwjrk Hkh bu

jktcafn;ksa ls lkeus lge xbZA mu jktcafn;ksa esa dk’rdkj] gLrf’kYih] c<+bZ vkfn xzkeh.k yksx FksA vr% raMsy vkfn yksxksa ds firkegksa

us Hkh dHkh ugha lquh gksaxh] ,slh&,slh pqfuank xkfy;ka lqjf{kr Fkh vkSj gekjh rjg mudh thHk le; ij mudk mPpkj.k djus esa dHkh

pwdrh ugha FkhA vr% dksbZ raMsy mUgsa ^vjs* dgrk] rks os mls mlh Hkk”kk esa ^rw js* dgdj /kedk nsrsA eka dks eka ugha ukuh rFkk cki

dks ukuk& bl c<+r ls mu vf’k”V raMsy vkfn ds iqj[kksa dk bu jktcafn;ksa }kjk m}kj gksus yxkA ftl fo|k dk iz;ksx ge uezrk ds

dkj.k ugha dj ldrs] mldk iz;ksx gekjs lgd”V Hkksxh djus esa tjk Hkh ugha fgpfdpkrs] ;g ns[kdj cM+k lq[k feyrkA D;ksafd mu

uhp rFkk HkkM+s ds VV~Vwvksa ds vf’k”V] v’yhy ‘kL=] ftudh /kkj ge HkksFkjh ugha dj ik jgs Fks] mlh vf’k”V Hkk”kk ls Vdjkus ls

HkksFkjh gks xbZA ;g dgus dh vko’;drk ugha gS fd gekjs bu vui<+ xzkeh.k jktcafn;ksa dk Lons’k fgrkFkZ R;kx vU; fdUgha Hkh

rFkkdfFkr lqf’kf{krksa ls de ugha Fkk vkSj tks lPpkbZ rFkk ‘khy esa fdlh Hkh rFkkdfFkr ukxfjd ls ghu ugha FksA nwljs dh vksj ls fdlh

Hkh canhoku dks vdkj.k xkyh&xykSt vFkok ihM+k gksus dk Hk; vR;Yi jgrkA blds foijhr] mu cafn;ksa ds fy, ;s jktcanh izfrfnu

fdlh&u&fdlh dkj.ko’k la?k”kZjr jgrsA

bl izdkj fojy rFkk O;fDrxr la?k”kZ pyrs gh jgrs vkSj ;|fi ge ;gh lksprs fd mldk jktcafn;ksa dh izfrdkj ‘kfDr thfor j[kus

rFkk vf/kdkfj;ksa dh vR;f/kd ;kruk nsus dh izo`fŸk dks de djus esa mi;ksx gksrk gS] rFkkfi ge dHkh ;g ugha pkgrs Fks fd fdlh Hkh

dkj.ko’k ;FkklaHko ;g ckr lkoZtfud gM+rky rd igqaps] D;kasfd tSlkfd ihNs ^vaneku esa izpkj* ‘kh”kZd izdj.k esa geus fy[kk gS]

;kstukuq:I gekjs uokxr jktcanh ca/kq ukukfo/k ckSf}d izf’k{k.k ys jgs Fks vkSj

335

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vesfjdk tSls lqnwj egk}hiksa esa cldj ogka ds cafn;ksa ds mifuos’kksa esa laikfnr Kku] mikftZr O;ogkj&pkrq;Z rFkk ns’kisze] yk sdlsok vkfn

mnkŸk Hkkoukvksa dk fujarj izpkj dj jgs FksA muds izxYHk izf’k{k.k rFkk cafn;ksa esa lSdM+ksa yksxksa esa muds }kjk fd, tkusokys izpkj dk

egŸo eq>s ml gM+rky ls] tks vuko’;d rFkk ek= [khapkrkuh fd fy, dh tkrh] cgqr vf/kd fpjLFkk;h izrhr gksrk FkkA ijarq esjh

bPNk us gksrs gq, Hkh vkxs funsZf’kr fganqLFkku fLFkr jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfr ls rFkk Åijh fufnZ”V nq?kZVuko’k esjk ;g fopkj cuus yxk fd

bl rjg dksbZ gM+rky djuk jktcafn;ksa dk drZO; gS vkSj vius fopkj ds lg;ksfx;ksa ds lkFk eSaus ;g dk;Z laiUu djus ds fy, dej

dl yhA

336

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&5

pkSFkh gM+rky rFkk fxjrk LokLF;

ihNs geus ftl nq?kZVuk dk mYys[k fd;k gS og bl izdkj gqbZ Fkh fd Hkkuflag uked ,d jktcanh dh raMsy vkSj isVh vQlj ls dqN

dgk&lquh gqbZ rks mUgkasus Hkkuflag dks dksBjh esa can fd;k vkSj ckjh dks cqyk;kA ckjh ds Hkkuflag dh dksBjh esa ?kqldj xkfy;ka nsrs gh

mlus Hkh myVdj ckjh dks xkfy;ka nhA blls Øwn gksdj cjh us vius fiV~Bqvksa dh lsuk dks ladsr fn;k] ^Bhd djks bldksA* ^bls Bhd

djks* dk vFkZ geus igys dh Li”V fd;k gSA ladsr feyrs gh ikap&nl raMsy] isVh vQlj vkfn MaMs ysdj dksBjh eas ?kql x, vkSj

mUgksaus Hkkuflag dk dpwej fudkykA og cspkjk vdsyk muls ;FkklaHko ekjihV djrk jgkA vra esa <yrh vk;q ds ml fl[k dks os

tYykn uhps fxjkdj MaMksa ls /kquus yxsA ml le; iwjh canh’kkyk mlds nk:.k phRdkj ls xwat mBhA ^vjs ekjk! Hkkb;ksa] eq>s ekj Mkyk

js!* bl rjg dh ph[ksa lqurs gh mlh bekjr esa uhps tek ikap&Ng canh vkis ls ckgj gksdj lulukrs ckgj fudys vkSj tks Hkh gkFk esa

vk;k] mls ysdj Åij p<+ x;sA ckjh Hkkuflag dh Åijh eafty dk }kj can fd, [kM+k FkkA ckjh ;g ns[kdj fd jktcanh mls ekjus ds

fy, vk jgs gSa] Hkkuflag dh /kqukbZ NksM+dj >V ls Åijh eafty ds xqacn dk }kj [kksydj ml lh<+h ls ckgj fudy x;kA Hkkuflag dh

ekjihV dk vka[kksa ns[kk gky tks jktcanh ogka mifLFkr Fks] tSlk muls lquk oSlk gh ;gka ij izLrqr fd;k gSA bruk gh ugha] tSlk ge

vkxs crk,axs] mlds vuqlkj nks izeq[k jktcafn;ksa us vius fyf[kr c;ku esa Hkh blh izdkj lwfpr fd;k FkkA

^ekj Mkyk! Hkkb;ksa] eq>s ekj Mkyk*&bl rjg dh ph[ksa rFkk ekjihV dks iM+ksl dh bekjr ls lqurs gh geus Hkkai fy;k] vkt fdlh dks

^lh/kk* fd;k tk jgk gSA Hkkuflag dk uke lqudj cM+k nq%[k gqvkA ml isVh vQlj us] tks ekjihV ds le; ckjh ds vkns’kkuqlkj

Hkhrj ?kqlk rks Fkk] ijarq Hkkuflag dks u ekjrs gq, vU;

337

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


yksxksa ds lkFk ekjus dk ek= <ksax dj jgk Fkk&crk;k fd ;g lekpkj lksyg vkus lp gSA og Hkkstu dk le; FkkA viuh bekjr ds

nks izeq[k jktcafn;ksa ds lkFk geus bl nqLlkgl dk rhoz fojks/k djus dk fu’p; fd;k vkSj izR;sd bekjr esa i= }kjk lans’k Hkstuk

vkjaHk fd;kA jktcanh bl ekjihV ls jŸkh Hkj Hkh u Mjrs gq,] HkM+d mBs vkSj os lkoZf=d gM+rky dh Hkk”kk cksys yxsA ,d us rks a a

abl Hkk”kk dk Hkh mPpkj.k fd;k ijarq a aa a a

bl lkjs gaxkesa dk irk yxrs gh rFkk bruh izcy izfrfØ;k ns[krs gh ckjh vius LoHkkokuq:i pkSadkA la/;k le; t cog eq>ls feyus

vk;k rc eSaus mls nks&Vwd mŸkj fn;k] ^^vki iwN jgs gSa] blfy, dgrk gwa& vkids nqLlkgl dh gn gks xbZ gS& bldk ifj.kke gesa vkSj

fo’ks”kr% eq>s rks Hkqxruk gh gksxk] ijarq vkidks Hkh Hkqxruk gksxkA** mlus lkjk nks”k Hkkuflag ij Fkksirs gq, dgk fd mlus eq>s xkyh nhA

ij ;s lc cgkus FksA eSaus dgk] ^^ijarq bl rjg ml ij vR;kpkj D;ksa fd,\ ogka ds lkjs jktcanh rFkk lk/kkj.k canh ,d eq[k ls dgrs

gSa] vkius Hkkuflag dks bruk ihVk fd mlds eqag ls ygw cgus yxk] ;g ckr >wB ugha gSA**

Ik;Zos{kd ds lkFk fujh{k.k ds fnu jktcafn;ksa esa ls dqN pqfuank yksxksa us ekax dh f dbl ekeys dh iwjh tkap djrs gq, ckjh dks naM

fn;k tk,A ijarq blds foijhr ftu jktcafn;ksa us ckjh dks ?ksjus rFkk Hkkuflag dks NqM+kus dk iz;kl fd;k Fkk] mUgsa gh Mjk;k&/kedk;k

x;kA

rc gM+rky djuk fuf’pr gks x;kA blh nkSjku fganqLFkku ls lekpkj vk x;k fd lafo/kku esa dbZ u, vf/kdkj iznku djus dh tks ppkZ

fNM+ xbZ Fkh] mlls lacaf/kr iwjh tkap djus ds fy, ge tks iz;kl dj jgs Fks] mlesa blh ckr ij vf/kd xkSj fd;k tkusokyk gSA

fganqLFkku ds jktuhfrd fo’o ds lkeus jktcafn;ksa dh leL;k jrr :i esa izdkf’kr gksrh jguh pkfg,A bruh rhozrk ls jktcafn;ksa dh

;krukvksa Hkjh dgkuh fganqLFkku ds àn; esa ‘kwy dh rjg lrr pqHkrh jguh pkfg, fd mu yksxksa dks Hkh] tks bl iz’u dks Nwus ls Hkh

?kcjkrs gSa] mls Vkyuk vlaHko gks tk,A vf/kdkfj;ksa ds eu esa ;g vafdr djus ds fy, fd fganqLFkku dks larq”V j[kus ds fy, tks dqN

ckrsa djuk vifjgk;Z gS] muesa ls ,d ckr vge gS&jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDra blh gsrq vaneku dk vkanksyu thfor j[kuk vko’;d Fk vkSj

mlh rjg ;g Hkh vko’;d Fkk fd mldh tkudkjh fganqLFkku esa fujarj igqaps vkSj bruh rhozrk ls fd yksxksa ds fny ngy tk,aA bl

lkjs ekeys ds fy, ekaVsX;w lkgc ds vkxeu ds le; gh iksVZ Cysvj ds jktihfM+rksa ds fo”k; esa dqN&u&dqN iz{kksHkd ijarq lR;

338

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


?kVuk ¼Hkkjrh; lekpkj&i=ksa esa½ izdkf’kr djkuh gks rks og izFke iksVZ Cysvj esa gh ?kfVr gksuh pkfg,A

Hkkuflag ij fd, x, bl u`’kal vR;kpkj ds fojks/kkFkZ ‘krkf/kd jktcafn;ksa }kjk dh xbZ gM+rky ,slh gh ,d ?kVuk gksxh vk Sj blh

dkj.k ls bl mfÌ”V dks ysdj Hkh lkgl ds lkFk gM+rky dks mHkkjuk gesa b”V izrhr gqvkA dqN cka/koksa dk dguk Fkk fd gM+rky dk

izR;{k usr`Ro iqjkus jktcanh djsa vkSjlHkh dh vksj ls ogha mu ekaxksa dks izLrqr djsaA ijarq eSaus vius lkfFk;ksa dks le>k;k fd mlls

gM+rky ds izeq[k mn~ns’; dh gh ugha] vfirq izlax fo’ks”k esa jk”Vªh; dk;Z dh Hkh gkfu gksus dk fdl rjg [krjk gSA izR;{kr% vkx s c<+us

ls ckjh rFkk ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa rd lHkh dks eupkgk volj izkIr gks tk,xk vkSj eq>s rFkk esjs iqjkus lkfFk;ksa dks vktdy Lora= :i

esa ?kweus dh tks fNViqV lqfo/kk dsoy fuCkZa/k jhfr ls ¼according to jail rules½ vf/kdkfj;ksa dks foo’k gksdj nsuh iM+h Fkh] mu lkjh

lqfo/kkvksa dks jn~n djds eq>s iqu% fnu&jkr dksBjh esa can j[kk tk,xkA mlls gM+rky dk lekpkj fganqLFkku esa igq apkus ds fy, vknfe;ksa

dks Hkstuk] fpfê;ka Hkstuk] mu lgk;dksa ls tks ;q} ds lekpkj ckgj ls fu;fer :i ls ykrs gSa& lekpkj&i= ysuk] mUgsa fNi&fNidj

i<+uk&gM+rky ds dkj.k can iM+s jktcafn;ksa ds lekpkj ijLij igaqpkdj ,slh ;kstuk cukuk] ftlls os ,d gh ;kstuk esa uhfriwoZd

vkpj.k dj ldsa vkSj mls lwfpr djukA gM+rky dh n`f”V ls ;s lkjs egŸoiw.kZ dk;Z dksBjh esa can gks tkus ls cgqr dfBu gks tk,axsA

nwljh ckr ;g fd xr pkj&ikap o”kksZa esa dkjkxkj dh vR;ar Øwj ;krukvksa dk gesa lkeuk djuk iM+k Fkk vkSj blls lkjs i qjkus

jktcafn;ksa ds LokLF; ij cqjk vlj gqvk FkkA gesa vc vkSj gFkdfM+;ka] dksBjhcanh rFkk dqxzkl Hkkstu vkSj dksM+s [kkus ds fy, ck/;

djuk gekjs izk.k gh ladV esa Mkyuk Fkk vkSj og Hkh gM+rky tSls rkRdkfyd vkSj LFkkuh; rqPN dk;Z ds fy,A ,sls dk;kZFkZ viuh

vjFkh mBkus dh rS;kjh djuk dsoy jk”Vªh; fgr dh gR;k djuk tSlk FkkA ,d ckj ix vkxs c<+kus ij mls ihNs [khapuk vf/kd

gkfudkjd gksrkA blls vf/kd mfpr ;gh Fkk fd gM+rky] izfrokn] bUdkj vkfn LFkkuh; vkanksyu dh ftEesnkjh] uokxr rkts ygwokys

lkS&lok lkS yksx gh dqN fnu rd ckjh&ckjh ls mBk,aA rhljk egŸoiw.kZ dkj.k ;g Fkk fd ml dkj.k ls fganqLFkku esa i= Hkstus dk

esjk vf/kdkj gh Nhu fy;k tk,xkA ogh O;fDr o”kZ esa ,d ckj i= Hkst ldrk Fkk] ftls iwjs o”kZ esa ,d Hkh dkjkxkjh; naM u feyk

gksA eSa can gks tkrk rks i= Hkh can gks tkrkA ijarq esjk i= can gksus dk vFkZ gS] gM+rky rks nwj] jktuhfrd cafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds iz’u

dh gh Hkkjh gkfuA

339

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


D;kasfd jktcafn;ksa esa ftl bDds&nqDds ds i=ksa dks fganqLFkku ds usrkvksa ds] lekpkj&i=ksa ds vkSj turk ds dkuksa rd igqapkuk laHko gksrk]

mUgksaus ,sls i= Hkstus dk] ftuesa bl rjg lHkh jktcafn;ksa dh ppkZ gS] vFkok os foo’k gSa tks vf/kdkfj;ksa dks pqHkrs Fks] os O;fDr ,slk

^ikxyiu* djus dk cqf}eŸkkiw.kZ lkgl dHkh ugha djrs FksA mlls ckjh dk ijk p<+ tkrkA vkSj tks ,sls jktcanh Fks tks i= }kjk viu s

gLrk{kj ls lgh tkudkjh fy[kus dk vkSj lHkh jktcafn;ksa ds fgr dh ppkZ djus dk lkgl dj ldrs Fks] muds i=ksa dh fganqLFkku dh

turk ij izHkkoh [;kfr gksuk vFkok mldh ppkZ gksuk rRdkyhu fLFkfro’k vlaHko FkkA ,slh fLFkfr esa esjs vdsys ds gh i=ksa ls og dk;Z

vifjgk;Z gks ldrk Fkk] vr% gM+rky ls esjk vyx jguk vifjgk;Z gks x;k FkkA

turk dks Kkr Fkk fd esjs vuqt u dsoy esjh izR;qr ml cgkus lHkh jktuhfrd cafn;ksa dh eqfDr dh leL;k fganqLFkku esa lrr izpkfjr

j[kus dk iz;kl dj jgs FksA esjs okf”kZd i= ls mUgsa cM+k lgkjk feyrkA esjk okf”kZd i= vkrs gh mldh rqjar izfr;ka fudkyh tkrh vkSj

os fganqLFkku ds vusd usrkvksa ds gkFkksa esa iM+rhA muesa ls dbZ yksxksa }kjk og i= lekpkj&i=ksa esa izdkf’kr fd;k tkrkA vusd ns’HkDr

mRlkgiwoZd ml i= dh izfr fudkyus ds fy, vkrs vkSj mls ,d ifo= Le`fr ds :i esa vius laxzg esa j[krsA cSfjLVj vklQ vyh us

Hkh vius ^QkWjoMZ*¹71 esa izdkf’kr fd;k gS fd fdl rjg isfjl rd ;s okf”kZd izfr;ka tkrh vkSj m/kj Hkkjrh; yksx fdruh vkrqjrk ds

lkFk rFkk HkfDrHkko ls mUgsa i<+dj mudh izfr;ka fudkydj fdl rjg mudk tru djrsA ml i= ls eSa dsoy iksVZ Cysvj dh

dkjkxkjh; f’kdk;rsa ckgj Hkst nsrkA ‘ks”k jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds fy, dkSu&dkSu ls vkanksyu djus pkfg,] bl iz’u esa gkFk Mkyus dks

ysdj fdl rjg usrkvksa dh f?kX?kh ca/k tkrh gS] fdl rjg ljdkj dks Økafrdkfj;ksa vkSj muesa Hkh eq>s jktcanh ?kksf”kr djus esa

fgpfdpkgV gksrh gS] mudh bl d`fr dk fdl rjg fojks/k djuk pkfg,] D;ksafd og fdruh foijhr gS] vkfn eqn~nksa ij gh dsoy ppkZ

ugha djrk vfirq mlesa ;FkklaHko fdlh&u&fdlh cgkus ls jktuhfrd] lkekftd vkSj /kkfeZd erksa dk Hkh izn’kZu djrk Fkk] tks ns’k d s

fy, fgrdkjh FksA fo’ks”kr% ;q} ds nkSjku iksVZ Cysvj ds dkjkxkj ij fu;qDr Ik;Zos{kd cM+k mnkj LoHkko dk Fkk vkSj blfy, fd iwjs o”kZ

eSa izR;{k fucZa/k Hkax ugha djrk] blfy, eq> ij izlUu gksdj dkQh Lora= :i ls eq>s i= fy[kus nsrkA ;fn dkjkxkjh; mYys[k mlesa

u gks rks fQj lglk og i= esa dkV&NkaV Hkh ugha djrk] Hkys gh ckjh ty&HkqusA eSa Hkh bl lqfo/kk dk ;FkklaHko ykHk ysus ls dHkh

ugha pwdrkA dkjkxkjh; lekpkj vU; rjhds ls Hkstus iM+rs vkSj mlh

71

8 tqykbZ] 1924 rFkk mlls vxyk vad nsf[k,A

340

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


rjg Hkstus ij os dHkh&dHkh lekpkj&i=ksa esa izdkf’kr Hkh gksrsA ml rjg xqIr :i ls Hksts x, vkSj gLrk{kj ds lkFk lk{kkr~ ljdkjh

vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk Hksts x, esjs okf”kZd i= esa ,slk gksrkA esjs bl i= dk dkSafly ls ysdj >qXxh&>ksaifM+;ksa rd vf/kd izHkko gksrkA ij

mlesa Hkh nl xqIr i= Hkstus ij ,d igaqprk vkSj mlesa ls Hkh vk/kk gh izdkf’kr gksrkA ijarq esjk i= fuf’Pkr :i ls vf/kdkfj;ksa dh

eksgj ds lkFk fganqLFkku Hkj esa izdkf’kr gksrkA

,rnFkZ bl rjg i= Hkstus] mlds }kjk Lons’k esa viuh jk; rFkk jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDRk esa iz’uksa dh ppkZ lrr izTofyr j[kus dk ;g

volj eSa izk;% ugha [kksrkA bl ;k vU; dkj.kksa ds fy, eSaus gM+rky dh ;kstuk bl rjg fu’fpr dh fd iqjkus jktcafn;ksa dks ¼vFkk Zr~

eq>s] esjs ca/kqvksa dks rFkk Jh;qr~ tks’kh dks&D;ksafd ‘ks”k jktcafn;ksa esa ls dbZ yksx ;g tkurs gq, fd Hkkuflag dh fiVkbZ gks xbZ&os dqN Hkh

ugha tkurs] mudk vU; yksxksa ls dksbZ laca/k ugha] ;gh dgrs] myVs gM+rky dks dkSu izksRlkfgr djrk gS] dkSu ugha vkfn lekpkj nsus esa

Hkh ugha fgpfdpkr sA vr% gM+rky esa muds vkus dk iz’ku gh ugha mBrk Fkk½NksM+dj u, cafn;ksa esa ls mu yksxksa us] ftuds LokLF; dh

ifj.kkedkjd gkfu gksuk laHko ugha Fkk] gM+rky esa izR;{k dke NksM+dj lfEefyr gksaA izFker% ;g ;kstuk fu’fpr dh xbZ fd jktcafn;ksa

dks dkSu ls vf/kdkj pkfg, vkSj nksuksa usrk ;g fy[kdj nsa fd Hkkuflag dh fiVkbZ gM+rky dk dsoy rkRdkfyd fufeŸk ek= gS] ezeq[k

dkj.k Fkk ;g ekax fd jktcafn;ksa ls jktcafn;ksa dh rjg gh O;ogkj fd;k tk,&;fn bl dFku dks Lohdkj ugha fd;k x;k rks dqN yksx

vu’ku dh /kedh nsa] ijarq dksbZ Hkh viuk LokLF; vf/kd fxj tkus rd dksBjh esa lM+us dk gB u djs vFkok vUUk&R;kx }kjk

izk.k&R;kx u djsA gM+rky ds leFkZukFkZ vkSj ns’k esa [kycyh epkus ds fy, ;FkklaHko iz;kl djus dk dke geus vius ftEes ys fy;kA

blds vfrfjDr esjs ckgj jgus ls og dk;Z Hkh vckf/kr pyrk jgk] tks geus iksVZ Cysvj ds mifuos’k esa f’k{kk vkfn lkoZtfud izpkj

dk;kZFkZ gkFk esa fy;k FkkA

fuf’pr fnol ij jktcafn;ksa dh Vksfy;ka viuk dke NksM+dj rudj [kM+h jghaA yxHkx lkS yksx bl gM+rky esa lfEefyrk gks x,A blls

igys tks gM+rky dh xbZ Fkh] mlls vc jktcafn;ksa dh la[k;k esa vR;kf/kd o`f} gksus rFkk vf/kdkfj;ksa dh ‘kfDr vkSj l[rh eas vf/kd

ek=k esa f’kfFkyrk vkus ls bl gM+rky dk dkQh izHkko iM+kA u dsoy jktcafn;ksa oju~ ml mifuos’k ds bfrgkl esa Hkh fdlh dks Lej.k

ugha fd brus fo’kky rFkk brus laxfBr :i esa vU; dksbZ gM+rky dHkh gqbZ Hkh gksA gj Ng eghuksa esa jktcanh fo”k;d ,d izfrosnu

vf/kdkfj;ksa dks fganqLFkku ljdkj dks Hkstuk iM+rk FkkA mifuos’k esa gekjs vkus rd ^lc Bhd gS* tSls lHkh izfro`Ÿk vkrs jgrs FksA

341

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


bl rjg Øwj vijk/kh] xaqMksa ds mifuos’k dk neu djds ml ij viuk ncnck cukus dh vf/kdkfj;ksa dh dq’kyrk gh fganqLFkku dh

ljdkj iz’kalk gh djrhA

ijarq tc ls jktcafn vk x,] mifuos’k ds okf”kZd izfrosnu vFkok jktcafn;ksa ds Lor=a izfro`Ÿk esa os vf/kdkjh ^lc Bhd gS* tSlh fjiksVZ

dHkh ugha ns ldsA ,rnFkZ LoykSfddkFkZ bu gM+rky ds ihNs gM+rky rFkk ,d ds ihNs ,d >xM+s ns[krs&ns[krs vc bruk Øks/k ugha vkrk

tSls igys gM+rky ds le; vk;k djrk FkkA

fQj Hkh mudh [kViV cjkcj pyrh jghA gM+ry gksrs gh ckjh us gekjs fo:} jktcafn;ksa ds eu esa QwV Mkyus dk tks dk;Z izkjaHk

fd;k] og var rd tkjh jgkA og jktcafn;ksa ds dejs ds ikl vk/kk&vk/kk ?kaVk [kM+k jgdj dgrk jgrk] ^^vjs] ;g lkojdj rqEgsa

Qalk jgk gS] yVdk jgk gSA Lo;a ihNs jgrk gSA ns[kksa] og naM ls Mj jgk gSA rqe ixys gks] mls ns[kks&oSlk pyks] rqEgkjk fgr gksxk a a

a**

lkojdj ls Mjrs D;ksa gks

jktcanh ckjh dh jx&jx ls ifjfpr Fks] os HkyhHkkafr tkurs Fks fd ;fn ckjh dh ^th&gqtwjh* djus ls ysdj lekpkj nsus rd mldh

ikaopIih djuh gks] tSls Qykuk O;fDr djrk gS] rks lkojdj euk ugha dj jgs FksA ljdkjh fVIif.k;ksa¹72 esa os ns[k gh jgs Fks fd

lkojdj mlh dkjkxkj esa dqy feykdj vkM+h csfM+;ka] [kM+h csfM+;ka] tathjksa dh csfM+;k] gFkdfM+;ka] dksBjhcanh] vUu&R;kx vkfn lHkh

izdkj ds naM Hkqxr pqds gSaA jktcafn;ksa ds drZO;Lo:i os gM+rky esa lfEefyr gks x, Fks vkSj mu jktcafn;ksa esa ls dbZ yksx rks brus

laiIr gks x, Fks fd mu izfrdkjksa rFkk izfroknksa ls Hkh] ftUgsa lkojdj Ik;kZIr le>rs Fks] vf/kd mxzrj izfrokn djus dk mudk vuqjks/k

Fkk] dsoy lkojdj us gh mUgsa jksd fy;k FkkA ;g ckr Hkh NksfM+,] ckjh dsoy lkojdj fds fo:} tgj mxyrk gS] ;gh ,d dkj.k ;g

fl} djus ds fy, Ik;kZIr gS fd lkojdj dh uhfr rFkk vkpj.k jktcafn;ksa rFkk muds jk”Vª ds fy, fgrdkjd gSA muesa ls dbZ rks

galrs gq, ;g dg Hkh Mkyrs fd ^D;ksa th] lkojdj ckcw tSlk vki dgrs gSa] ;fn os oSls gh Mjiksd gSa rks vki fnu&jkr muls brus

?kcjkrs D;ksa gSa\*

gekjs jktcafn;ksa esa ls tq>k: i{k esa QwV Mkyus ds ckjh rFkk mlds gLrdksa ds lkjs iz;kl fu”Qy gks x,A gM+rky dk /kwe&/kekdk py

jgk Fkk] m/kj cspkjk

72

Lkojdj dk canh i= nsf[k,] tks vafre ifjf’k”V esa fn;k x;k gSA Source material for a history of the freedom movement of

India, Vol. 2, page 478 ij Hkh ;g i=d fn;k x;k gSA

342

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Hkkuflag ml fiVkbZ ds Ik’pkr~ iqu% ugha iuikA vkxs pydj mls [kwu dh myfV;ka gksus yxh vkSj ,d g¶rs ds Hkhrj mls :X.kky; esa

Hkstk x;kA gekjk Hkh LokLF; fxj x;k vkSj gesa Hkh :X.kky; esa dqN fnu ds fy, Hkjrh dj fn;k x;kA rHkh mls risfnd us bruh rsth

ls ?ksjk vFkok LokLF; bruh rsth ls fxjk fd og Ms<+ eghus esa gh ijyksd fl/kk x;kA Hkkuflag ,d vui<+ fdlku Fkk] ijarq gekjs

fopkj ls f’kf{krksa esa Hkh bruk lPpk ns’kHkDr ugha feysxkA cspkjk vktUe dkjkokl dk naM ikdj ftl ns’k ds dY;k.kkFkZ ;gka vk;k Fkk]

,d&Ms<+ o”kZ ds Hkhrj mlh ns’k ds dY;k.kkFkZ la?k”kZ djrs&djrs py clkA ogka ds jktcafn;ksa esa izR;sd bZekunkj ns’kHkDr ds izfr ;gh

Hkkouk ?kj dj xbZA

Hkkuflag ij tks vR;kpkj gq, Fks] mlls lacaf/kr RkFkk gM+rkyokyksa dh ekaxsa fu;ekuwlkj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks lwfpr djus ds fy, ftu nks

usrkvksa dks fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk] vf/kdkjh mudk fy[kfr oDrO; ugha ys jgs FksA vr% ;kstuk ds vuqlkj mu nksuksa us vUu&R;kx

fd;kA nl&ckjg fnuksa rd os&ftuesa ls ,d lkB o”khZ; vknj.kh; ljnkj Fks vkSj nwljs ,d rstLoh iatkch jktiwr ;qod&fcuk vUu

xzg.k fd, viuh dksBfj;ksa esa can iM+s jgsA var esa mudk fyf[kr oDrO; fy;k x;k vkSj mlesa ^gekjs lkFk mlh rjg O;ogkj fd;k

tk, tSls iwjs fo’o esa vkSj fo’ks”kr% baXySaM esa jktcafn;ksa ls fd;k tkrk gS* bl izeq[k ekax ls ysdj ^fl[kksa dk cky /kksus ds fy, FkksM+k

ikuh vkSj lkcqu fn;k tk,^ bl rjg dh QqVdj ekaxksa rd lHkh ekaxsa fy[kh xbZA bl izdkj vUu&R;kx dk ewy mn~ns’; lQy gks tkus

ij] ml o`} rFkk vknj.kh; lTtu us iwoZ ;kstuk ds vuqlkj vUu xzg.k fd;k] ijarq Øks/kkos’k esa ;g foosd NksM+dj ml jktiwr ;qod

us vUu&R;kx dk viuk fu’p; mlh rjg tkjh j[kkA nks g¶rksa ckn mldh ukd esa ufydk Mkydj mls nw/k fiykuk ‘kw: fd;k x;kA

vUu&R;kx ls ml ;qod dh nsg d`’k gksrh xbZA ijarq mlls og vfHkekuh jktiwr jDr BaMk gksus dh vis{kk vf/kd ty mBkA mlus

oL= /kkj.k djuk NksM+ fn;k] dacy vks<+uk NksM+ fn;k] Hkw[kk&I;klk] uax&/kM+ax gksdj og dM+kds dh BaM esa dksBjh ds cQhZys Q’k Z ij

iM+k jgrk] fdlh ls ,d ‘kCn Hkh ugha cksyrkA ml vf/kdkjh ls ckr gh D;k djuk tks lquuk ugha pkgrkA eq>s tks dguk gS] og

dM+kds dh BaM esa dksBjh ds cQhZys Q’kZ ij iM+k jgrk] fdlh ls ,d ‘kCn Hkh ugha cksyrkA ml vf/kdkjh ls ckr gh D;k djuk tks

lquuk ugha pkgrkA eq>s tks dguk gS] og lkjk fyf[kr oDrO; esa dg fn;k gSA cl bruk gh dgrs gq, mlus vius eqag dks rkyk

yxk;k vkSj fQj dHkh [kksyk gh ughaA dfe’uj vk;k] ij ,d ugha] nks ugha] iwjs Ng eghus og fujUu fLFkfr esa fnxacj gksdj dksBjh esa

iM+k jgkA mldh lqn`<+] fo’kky nsg gfÏ;ksa dk iatj cu xbZA mlds tSlk rst&rjkZj] vkstLoh] lPpk] vueksy ns’kizseh bl rjg

efV;kesV u gks] blds fy, geus Hkjld iz;kl fd;kA var esa ,d ;qfDr ls mlls izR;{k HksaV dhA

343

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


mldk FkksM+k migkl Hkh fd;kA jk.kk izrki Hkh foijhr fLFkfr esa MVs jgdj tw>us dh ew[kZrk djus dh vis{kk nks dksl ihNs gVus es a

fdl rjg ‘kwjrk ,oa cqf}ekuh le>rs Fks&bl izdkj gynh?kkVh rFkk vU; mnkgj.kksa ls mls le>k;kA mls Li”V ‘kCnksa esa crk;k&jk”Vª ds

fy, vki lkS :Ik, ewY; ds izk.k nsrs le; udn lkS dk izfreksy ys ysa] vU;Fkk jk”Vª ds uke ij bl rjg vkRegR;k djrs le; jk”Vª

dh dqN gkfu gh djsaxsA rd dgha egk’k; dk fu’p; cnykA mlus xqIr :i ls opu fn;k fd ejrs ne rd eSa Lo;a nsg&R;kx ugha

d:axk] rc dgha tkdj ge rfud fuf’par gq,A

ijarq vU; b”V fe=ksa dsk og ;g ckr dg ugha ldrk FkkA os dgrs] vki dh mls vUu&R;kx ls ijko`Ÿk ugha gksus nsrsA vkidh ckr og

ugha Vky ldrkA mudk ;g feF;k vkjksi Hkh dqN dky rd lguk iM+k] D;ksafd ml ;qod dks gesa ;g izfropu nsuk iM+k Fkk fd ^var

esa rqe vUu xzg.k djksxs] viuk fn;k gqvk xqIr opu eSa fdlh dks Hkh ugha crkÅaxk*A geus MkWDVj ls Hkh dg j[kk Fkk fd mldk

LokLF; dgha cgqr vf/kd rks ugha fxjk] xqIr :i ls og gesa izfrfnu lekpkj nsA

dHkh&dHkh mls rax djus ds fy, vf/kdkfj;ksa ds gLrd okWMZj mls eka&cgu dh xkfy;ka nsrs] D;kasfd bl cgkus rks og izR;qŸkj nsxkA

‘kjhj Toj ls ri jgk Fkk] Åij ls mu vHknz chHkRlrkiw.kZ ‘kCnksa dh ekj mlls lgh ugha tkrh FkhA ,slh voLFkk esa ,d fnu Hkkxrs

gq, ml ;qod us jkr ds le; dksBjh dh nhokj ij rFkk Hkwfe ij viuk flj rM+krM+ eVduk vkjaHk fd;kA ,dne gM+dai ep x;kA

Ik;Zos{kd us ml dejs esa jkrs Hkj ,d okWMZj dks igjk nsus ds fy, j[kk fd dgha og vkRegR;k u dj cSBsA

var esa MkWDVj us eq>s lwfpr fd;k fd vc ;k rks og ej tk,xk ;k ikxy gks tk,xkA ;g lqurs gh lkjs jktcafn;ksa dk fy[kk ,d

izkFkZuk&i= mls Hkstk fd og vUu xzg.k djsA vc dksbZ ekbZ dk yky ;g ugha dj ldsxk fd rqe ihNs gV x,A vr% LkHkh ds

vkns’kkuqlkj vUu xzg.k djks] D;ksafd rqeus opu fn;k gS fd LokLF; dk [kM+ VwVus ls igys rqe mls rkuuk can dj nksxsA Li”V lwfpr

djrk gwa fd v cog le; vk x;k gSA varr% ml vkRekfHkekuh ;qod us vUu xzg.k fd;kA

gekjk fujarj ;gh dguk gksrk Fkk fd gM+rky tSls rkRdkfyd vkanksyu ds fy, vU; d”V lguk Hkys gh mi;qDr gks] rFkkfi fdlh Hkh

ns’kizseh dks vius vkidks jktcanh dgykus dh ekax ds fy, izk.kksa dh cfy p<+kuk vkSj og Hkh vUu&R;kx dh gM+rky djus dh ;kstuk

cukbZA mu eku/ku jktcafn;ksa us nks ckj lkewfgd vUu&gM+rky djus dh ;kstuk cukbZA dHkh&dHkh nl&ikap vkjaHk Hkh djrs] ijarq ge

mldk leFkZu u dj mudh ml rstfLork dks ;Fkksfpr xkSjo nsrs gq,

344

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gh mls foQy cukrsA ml le; vUu&R;kx }kjk gBkr~ ejusokyksa esa ls geus ftUgsa [khap fy;k] muesa ls dqN eqDr gksdj iqu% Lojk”Vª

dh lsok dj jgs gSaA ftl eku/ku ;qod dk Åij mYys[k fd;k gS] mldh ;fn dqN tkudkjh izkIr gqbZ rks ge vxys laLdj.k esa nsus dk

iz;kl djsaxsA

ftl fnu ;g gM+rky laiUu gqbZ] mlh fnu geus ekaVsX;w lkgc dks ,d vkosnu Hkstus dh ;kpuk dh Fkh] mlls lacaf/kr ppkZ djrs gq,

ckjh us gels dgk Fkk] ^Well, you have accorded a fine reception to Mr. Montegue.*

;|fi ;g lR; Fkk fd ekaVsX;w ds vkxeu ij iksVZ Cysvj dh izfroanuk ¼lykeh½ ds fy, gh gM+rky bruh yach dh xbZ Fkh] rFkkfi mlesa

eSaus tks dke u NksM+us dk fopkj fd;k Fkk] mlh ls vkosnu&i= dh vuqefr u nsuk vf/kdkfj;ksa ds fy, dfBu gks x;kA nwljk ,d

vU; egŸoiw.kZ dkj.k Hkh FkkA

ekaVsX;w vkfn lHkh vf/kdkfj;ksa ds lkeus ;g iz’u Fkk fd fganqLFkku esa tks lq/kkj djus gSa] mlls jkT;Økafrdkfj;ksa dk FkksM+k&cgqr Hkh

fo’okl laiknu gksxk ;k ughaA bl fo”k; esa ogka ds mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk Lo;a vkdj gekjs lkFk dh xbZ ppkZ rFkk lekpkj&i=ksa ds ys[kksa

ls gesa lansg ugha jgk FkkA blls iwoZ ekWysZ fu[;kr vaxszt lTtuksa ds lkFk fd, x, fooknksa vkSj xks[kys vkfn usrkvksa ds r=LFk Hkk”k.kksa

ls vkSj izR;{k laokn ls Kkr gh FkkA vkSj Økafrdkfj;ksa dks ‘kkar djuk&de&ls&de vU;ksa dks Økafrdkfj;ksa esa ls Hkh vusd yksx ‘kkafr

ekxZ dk voyacu djuk pkgsaxsA

bl ij ljdkj dk /;ku vkdf”kZr djuk ge viu drZO; le>rs gSaA ekaVsX;w us lHkh i{kksa ls HksaV dh] muesa izdV :i esa Økafrdkfj;ks a

dk i{k feyuk eqf’dy gh FkkA vr% bl rjg vijks{k jhfr ls muesa ls dqN yksxksa dh jk; Kkr djuk mUgsa t:jh FkkA blhfy, geesa ls

vusd yksxksa ls fdlh&u&fdlh vksV esa ;g vf/kdkjh ppkZ djrsA ijarq dqN Mjdj] vR;f/kd dk;j cudj dgrs] ^uk ckck uk] ugha

pkfg, og jktuhfr! Loh/khurk Hkh vkt ugha pkfg,] de&ls&de ge ^gfj&gfj* djrs gq, rks cSBs gSa] vkSj geas eqfDr ds vfrfjDr dqN

ugha ns[kuk gS* rks dksbZ vU; vf/kdkfj;ksa

345

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dks mu daBLFk rstkeafMr ‘kiFkksa dks lqukrs] tks igys vaxsztksa dks [knsM+us ds fy, yh xbZ FkhA ,slh voLFkk esa ;g lqurs gh fd Økafr i{k

ds /;s; rFkk jktuhfr dh rkfŸod ppkZ lqlaxr] ;qfDr;qDr rFkk fuHkhZd rFkk fuHkhZd fyf[kr oDrO; ge Hkstuk pkgrs gSa&vf/kdkfj;ksa dks

og ,d rjg dh b”VkifŸk gh yxrh jghA os pkgrs rks Fks fd ;g dk;Z mudk dksbZ fiz; O;fDr djs] u fd eSa d:aA ijarq og gks ugha ik

jgk FkkA os ;g Hkh tkurs Fks fd esjs uke ls x;k gqvk vkosnu ofj”B vf/kdkjh vf/kd mi;qDr le>saxsA gM+rky esa dke NksM+dj Hkkx

u ysus ds dkj.k dkjkxkjh; fu;eksa dk mYy?kau eSaus ugha fd;k FkkA vr% eq>s ekaVX;w lkgc dks xoZuj tujy }kjk vkosnu&i= Hkstus

dh vuqefr fey xbZ vkSj mlds vuqlkj eSaus i= HkstkA

ekaVsX;w lkgc dk Åij fufnZ”V vkosnu&i= Hkstrs gh b”V ifj.kke ds fy, mlesa ls izeq[k eqn~nksa dh tkudkjh fganqLFkku esa izdkf’kr gksuk

Hkh furkar vko’;d FkkA D;ksafd ml n`f”V ls fganqLFkku fLFkr tks usrk lq/kkjksa ds fy, iz;kljr Fks] mUgsa ;g Hkh ,d lcy dkj.k fey

tk,xk fd nsf[k,] larks”ktud lq/kkj gksus ij Økafrdkfj;ksa esa ls Hkh dqN izeq[k yksx ‘kkafr ekxZ dk voyacu djus ds fy, rS;kj gSaA

blfy, fd viuh foo’k fLFkfr esa Hkh tks dqN leFkZu ge vius usrkvksa dks ns ldrs gSa] geus vius ml okf”kZd i= esa bl vkosnu dk

mYys[k fd;kA mlls lkQ gksxk fd jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds fo”k; esa bl vkosnu dk mYys[k fd;kA mlls lkQ gksxk fd jktcafn;ksa dh

eqfDr ds fo”k; esa vius ns’kca/kqvksa dks lrr izksRlkfgr djus ds dk;Z esa vius okf”kZd i= }kjk ge fdlh uhfr dk vkSj dSlk iz;kl dj

jgs FksA¹73 ml i= }kjk rRdkyhu LokLF; fLFkfr;ksa dk Hkh izn’kZu gksus ds dkj.k mldk ewy vuqokn gh ge uhps ns jgs gSaA

gesa vR;f/kd izlUurk gS fd egkjk”Vª izkarh; ifj”kn~ us jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds fy, izLrko ikfjr fd;kA ¼fiNyh ckj ukfld esa Hkh

egkjk”Vª us blh rjg egŸoiw.kZ izLrko j[kk Fkk½ ;g lR; gS fd cacbZ izkarh; ifj”kn~ vU; fdlh izkarh; ifj”kn~ ls vf/kd thoV rFkk

fuHkhZdrk ds lkFk fganqLFkku ds lHkh jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds fy, dej dls gSA esjh tkudkjh ds vuqlkj xr o”kZ la;qDr izkar rFkk vka/kz

nksuksa laLFkkvksa us gh ;g izLrko fd;k FkkA mlesa Hkh vka/kz dk izLrko laxzkgd rFkk vkLFkkoku FkkA blls ;g Li”V gksrk gS fd vka/kz

ca/kqvksa ds var%dj.k mu egku~ ns’kHkDrksa ds izfr lgkuqHkwfr ls yckyc gSa] tks viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh eqfDr ds fy, pkgs lgh gks ;k xyr]

ijarq mls viuk drZO; le>dj lPpkbZ ,oa fufoZokn LokFkZ&R;kx dh pje lhek rd tkrs gq, dkjkxkj esa viuk thou lefiZr djus

esa

73

ewy vaxszth i= 4 vxLr] 1918 ds ^bdks ÝkWe n vaneku* ‘kh”kZd iqLrd esa izfl} gqvk gSA nsf[k,] ^lkojdj lexz lkfgR;*]

[kaM&5] i`- 474

346

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ihNs ugha gVsA rqeus fy[kk gS fd lekpkj&i=ksa rFkk if=dkvksa esa ckj&ckj jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr fo”k; ij ys[k vkrs gSaA ijarq esjh le>

esa ;g ugha vkrk fd dsoy jk”Vªh; lHkk gh ml fo”k; dk mYys[k djus esa bruh yTtk dk vuqHko D;ksa djrh gS\ mu yksxksa ds] ftudk

;g lHkk vius vkidks izfrfuf/k dgrh gS] eu esa cls gq, jktcafn;ksa ls lacaf/kr ek= ekuoh lgkuqHkwfr ds mYys[k ek= ls bruk D;ks a

?kcjkrh gS\ ml lHkk us xr o”kZ ,d izLrko ikfjr fd;k& ek= LFkkuc} jktcanh ¼interned½ ds dYiukFkZ ml lHkk dks bl ckr dk foLej.k gks x;k fd LFkkuc} yksx ;q} ds Ik’pkr~ vius vki eqDr gksusokys gSaA ijarq gekjs mu LFkkuc} cafn;ksa ds nq%[k ls ml

‘kksHkk;eku rFkk eqDr gksusokys gSaA ijarq gekjs mu LFkkuc} cafn;ksa ds nq%[k ls ml ‘kksHkk;eku rFkk eqDrokl eaMi esa lq[kklhu cSBs ftu

ns’kHkDrksa dh vka[ksa McMckbZ] mUgksaus bl ckr ij dHkh xkSj ugha fd;k fd ml nq%[k ls dbZ xquk vf/kd rhoz lhekrhr nq%[k lgrs&lgrs

,d ugha] nks ugha] ‘krkf/kd yksx ?kqVrs&ejrs jgs gSaA mudh eqfDr vius vki ugha gksxh] blfy, bu izfrf”Br vkSj mŸkjnk;h] ;gh rks

,d jgL; gSA os dsoy LFkkc}ksa ds fo”k; esa cksyrs gSa] D;ksafd os tkurs gSa] og bruk /kks[kk nsusokyk ugha gSA ijarq vU; jktc afn;ksa ds

laca/k esa os ,d ‘kCn Hkh ugha dgrs] D;ksafd ml n`f”V esa vf/kd iz;kl gksus pkfg,A izfrf”Br vkSj mŸkjnk;h usrkvksa }kjk muds laca/k esa

vf/kd iz;kl gksus pkfg,A izfrf”Br mŸkjnk;h] ;gh rks ,d jgL; gSA os dsoy Lfkkuc}ksa ds fo”k; esa cksyrs gSa] D;ksafd os tkurs gSa] og

bruk /kks[kk nsusokyk ugha gSA ijarq vU; jktcafn;ksa ds laca/k esa os ,d ‘kCn Hkh ugha dgrs] D;ksafd ml n`f”V ls muds lkgc ds ?kj

mudh izfr”Bk ij dkfy[k iksrh tk ldrh gSA jk”Vªh; lHkk dk izeq[k drZO; ns’k dk cgqrer iznf’kZr djuk gS] u fd mlesa fLFkr eqV~Bh

Hkj pkVqdkjksa dk er iznf’kZr djukA fQj brus lkjs lekpkj&i=ksa rFkk izkarh; lHkkvksa dh ekax ds jgrs fd ^jktcafn;ksa dks eqDr djks*

bl jk”VªlHkk ls mUgsa Lo;a ;ag visf{kr Fkk fd jk”VªlHkk rFkk mu yksxksa dk] ftuds fy, os yM+s vkSj dkjkxkj esa can gks x,&drZO; gS

fd os muds nq%[k dk ukefunsZ’k djsaA fo’ks”kr% vk;fj’k] cksvj] vkWfLVª;u vkfn yksxksa us vius&vius ns’k ds jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr dk

vkanksyu pykdj mUgsa eqfDr fnykbZ Fkh vkSj blfy, ;g ,dne vuqfpr gS fd jk”Vªh; lHkk tks vius vkidks ^jk”Vªh;* dgykrh

gS&vius Hkkjrh; jktcafn;ksa ds fo”k; esa eqag [kksyus ls MjsA vc jk”VªlHkk dks ;g djus ds fy, ck/; djuk gh gksxkA ;fn dqN cqtqxksZ

dks ,slk djrs le; ilhuk vkrk gks rks os bl izLrko ds le; lHkk esa mifLFkr u jgsaA ijarq blfy, fd bu bus&fxus izfrf”Brksa esa

lkgl ugha gS] Hkyk leLr jk”Vª bl vkijkf/kd ekSu dk iki vius flj ij D;ksa ys\

bl izdkj dk izLrko djrs le; Hkh ,d&nks ckrksa dh lko/kkuh cjruh gksxhA jktcafn;ksa ds fo”k; esa i= fy[krs le; dbZ ckj mu

lqfo/kktud ‘kCnksa dk iz;ksx bl lafnX/krk ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gS fd ljdkj gh D;ksa] vU; yksx Hkh ugha

347

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


le>sa fd mlesa fdldk varHkkZo fd;k x;k gSA dHkh mldk vFkZ LFkkuc} canh] rks dHkh Lfkkukarfjr] rks dHkh fuokZflr gksrk gS] ijarq

Li”V mYys[k ds lkFk jktuhfrd dk;Z esa nafMr lHkh cafn;ksa dk varHkkZo ml ‘kCn esa dnkfpr~ gh f;dk tkrk gSA fiNyh ckj eSaus fy[kk

gh Fkk fd okujykW us Hkh vk;fj’k jktcafn’kksa dks eqDr djrs le; ;g dgrs gq, fd mu jktcafn;ksa dks NksM+k x;k] tks O;fDr&fo”k;d

vijk/k ds fy, nafMr ugha fd, x, Fks] muds izfr Hkh fo}s”k dk izn’kZu dkus dh /kwrZrk dh FkhA vc ;s lTtu HkyhHkkafr tkurs Fks fd

erkfHkyk”kh efgyk,a ¼siffragists½ bl rjg ds O;fDrxr vijk/k esa nafMr gks xbZ Fkh] ijarq ;q} vkjaHk gksrs gh ,slh <ky D;ksa cus tks

muds vlyh mn~ns’; dks <d nsrh gS\ vkSj nafMr ‘kCn ls Hkkjrh; usrk brus Mjrs D;ksa gS\ cksFkk iz/kkuea=h Fks vkSj jseaM lalnh;

¼constitutional½ i{k ds vxqvk gS] rFkkfi mUgksaus mu jktcafn;ksa dks cjh fd;k] tks ljdkj ds fojks/k esa l’kL= fonzksg dj jgs Fks vkSj

tks mlds foi{kh FksA ijarq jk”Vªh; lHkk ds usrkvksa dks rks izfrf”Br fonzksfg;ksa dk ukeksPpkj.k djus esas Mj yxrk gSA mu fHk[kkfj;ksa dks]

tks uxj&}kj ij Hkh[k ekaxrs gSa] uxjk/;{k rFkk uxjlsBksa ls Hkh vf/kd viuh izfr”Bk ,oa mŸkjnkf;Ÿo dk vglkl jgrk gSA blfy,

vxys izLrkoksa vkSj ys[kksa esa&jktuhfrd canh ‘kCn dh ,slh O;k[;k gks fd mlesa Økafrdkfj;ksa lfgr lkjs jktcanh lfEefyr gksa vFkkZr~ ^tks

Hkh dksbZ&pkgs og nafMr gks vFkok fojkjk/khu ¼under trial½ vFkok LFkkuc}&O;fDrxr vkØe.kkFkZ vFkok lkoZf=d fonzksgkFkZ ¼okLro esa

eq>s bl fHkUuRo ‘kwU; izHksn dk vFkZ gh Kkr ugha gS½ vijk/kh ?kksf”kr fd;k gks] os lHkh ijarq jktcanh dh ;gh okLrfod O;k[;k gSA

O;fDrxr ‘kCn vkSj jktuhfrd ‘kCn esa izeq[k izHksn ml d`R; ls ugha vfirq ml gsrq ls gksuk pkfg, tks ml d`R; ds ihNs fufgr gSA

mn~ns’; gh izeq[k dlkSVh gksrk gSA

dksbZ Hkh d`R; vius vki jktuhfrd fuf’pr ugha gksrk] D;kasfd l’kL= fonzksg Hkh ;fn dsoy fdlh O;fDr dh vkthfodk ds fy, gks rks

og jktuhfrd vkSj lkoZtfud fl} ugha gksxk vkSj mls fdlh Hkh lq/kh x`gLFk ls lgkuwHkwfr ugha feysxhA og ek= ,d cM+k Mkdk gh

gksxkA ;g ckr vyx gS fd ml O;fDr ds mnjHkj.k dk iz’u la?k”kZ ds pyrs fdlh ,d lkoZtfud vf/kdkj dh j{kkFkZ vkxs fd;k gksA

Bxksa esa tks Vksfy;ka ek= LokFkhZ ywVikV djrh fQjrh Fkh] mudh eqBHksM+ ;k yM+kb;ka] jktuhfrd vFkok lkoZtfud Lo:i dh fl} ugha

gksrhA jktuhfrd vf/kdkj izkIr djus ds fy, la?k”kZjr baXySaM dh efgykvksa esa ls ml efgyk dks Hkh ljdkj us

348

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


^jktuhfrd* ukjh gh ekuk gS tks vpkud iz/kkuea=h ij dksM+s cjlkrh gS vFkok izR;{k vkx yxkus tkrh gSA ;|fi ;q} ugha Fks] rFkkfi

muds bl O;fDrxr la?k”kZ dk mn~ns’; izfr’kks/k vFkok LokFkZ fl} djuk ugha Fkk cfYd fdlh lkoZtfud dk;kZFkZ] dY;k.kkFkZ iz;Rujr

jguk gh FkkA gks ldrk gS] lk/ku vuqi;qDr ;k naMuh; vFkok ikidkjh gks] ;k u Hkh gksA ijarq d`R; dh uSfrdrk ml gsrq esa gksrh gS

tks ml d`R; dh izsjd gksA og gsrq ;fn jk”Vªh; gks rks og d`R; jktuhfrd gh fl} gksuk pkfg,A

;g lkjk fooj.k eSa blfy, bruk foLrkjiwoZd ns jgk gwa fd ;fn vke ekQh iznku dh xbZ& ;|fi jktcanh dks bl rjg vke ekQh fn,

tkus ds fo”k; eas eq>s dksbZ vk’kk ugha gS&rks Hkh bldh Li”V O;k[;k u gksus ls fd jktcanh fdls dgk tk,] ljdkj vU;k; dk izHksn

djrs gq, ;g izfrikfnr djsxh fd jktcafn;ksa esa ls vusd jktcanh gh ugha gSa] blfy, vke ekQh esa mudh fxurh u djus dk volj

feyuk laHko gSA ,rnFkZ lHkh eq[; lHkh eq[; ys[kdksa ds n`f”ViFk esa vHkh ls ;g ckr ykvks vkSj lHkh jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr dk

vkanksyu NsM+ksA

eSa bl laca/k esa ;g Li”V :i ls lwfpr djrk jgk fd jk”Vªh; lHkk ds fo”k; fuokZpd eaMy esa bl laca/k esa dqN ppkZ gksrh gS ;k ugha

rFkk vU; lHkkvksa esa dkSu ls izLrko ikfjr gksrs gSaA lHkh jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr dh ekax gksrh gS ;k ugha ;k dsoy dqN LFkkuc}ksa ds gh

fo”k; esa gksrh gSA

d- nwljh ckr] ,d lkoZtfud c`gr~ vkosnu&i= ljdkj dks Hkstus ds fo”k; esa&¼bl izdkj dk vkosnu lgÛksa gLrk{kjksa ds lkFk ljdkj

dks fdl izdkj Hkstk tk, vkSj jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds vkanksyukFkZ fdlh uhfr rFkk mik;ksa dk voyacu fd;k tk,& blls lacaf/kr

lwpuk eSaus vius jktcanh fe=ksa }kjk] tks ;gka ls cjh gksdj x, Fks&vius ca/kq dks nh FkhA½ ;g ;kstuk dk;kZfUor gksuh gh pkfg,A gks

ldrk gS] vkius ;g ;kstuk blfy, LFkfxr dh gks fd ;q} ds I’pkr~ bl rjg dk vkosnu Hkstuk vf/kd ifj.kkedkjd gksxkA

[k- rhljh ckr] LFkku&LFkku ij ,d ds ihNs ,d jktcafn;ksa dks eqDr djus ds fy, lHkkvksa dk vk;kstu djuk& ;g ;kstuk dsoy ,d

o”kZ ds fy, gh ugha] vfirq ,slh lHkkvksa dk pØ lrr o”kksZ ds ihNs o”kZ pyrk gh jguk pkfg,A

x- dqy feykdj jk”Vªh; lHkk] izkarh; ifj”kn~ ljdkj dks cM+s&cM+s lkoZtfud vkosnu rFkk rFkk jktcanh ds ifjokj dh vksj ls

O;fDrxr vkosnu vkSj

349

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


lekpkj&i=ksa esa lrr ys[k] okbljhxy fo/kkulHkk vkSj izkafrd fo/kkulHkk ¼councils½ ls ysdj BsB ikfyZ;kesaV rd iz’uksŸkjh dk /kwe&/kM+dk tSlh fofo/k jhfr;ksa ls jktcafn;ksa ds iz’uksa dk vkanksyu ,slh thoVrk ds lkFk pykvks fd og iz’u jktuhfr dk ,d izeq[k

vax gksdj jgs vkSj gj ckj bl ckr dks Li”V :i ls O;k[;kf;r fd;k tk, fd og izR;sd canh ^jktcanh* dgykus ;ksX; gS] tks

Økafrdkjh nafMr ds lkFk Hkh jktuhfrd mn~ns’; ls vk{ksiHkwr d`R; ls izsfjr gks x;k gSA

eSa [kqys eu ls dg n srk gwa fd bl lkjh ppkZ esa eSaus izR;{k ifj.kke ls vf/kd bu lkjs iz;klksa ds vkuw”kafxd uSfrd ifj.kkeksa dh vksj

gh vf/kd xkSj fd;k gSA eSaus ljdkj dks Li”V ‘kCnksa esa lwfpr fd;k gS fd ^jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr dk iz’u vifjgk;Z :i ls mu iz’uksa ls

tqM+k gS tks fganqLFkku dks fodkl’khy ,oa okLrfod fu;af=r ‘kklu laLFkk dk vf/kdkj iznku djrs gSaA* vr% ;g Li”V gS fd lk/kkj.k

eqfDr dh laHkkouk] tks bl izdkj dh vke ekQh ls gksxh] vktdy rks visf{kr ugha gSA bl izdkj] ;|fi izR;sd eqfDr laHkouh; ugha

gS] rFkkfi tSlkfd eSaus Åij dgk gS] eqfDr ls lacaf/kr iz;klksa dk de&ls&de ,d Qy rks xkaB esa cka/kuk vo’; laHko gksxk&og gS mu

iz;klksa dk uSfrd ifj.kke] tks jk”Vª ij gksxkA tks gqrkRek toku rFkk ohj vius jk”Vªh; ;q} esa [ksr jgs] mudk Lej.k jk”Vª dks mRdVrk

ls gks vkSj muds d”Vksa ,oa gsrw ds izfr lgkuqHkwfr ,oa vkLFkk O;Dr djusokys bu iz;klksa ls jk”Vª esa ml ;q} esa vafre fot; rd

la?k”kZjr jgus ds mRlkg dk lapkj gksA mu lSfudksa dk] ftUgsa j.kHkwfe esa ohjxfr izkIr gks pqdh gS] d`rKrkiwoZd Lej.k djuk] uohu

lSfudksa dh Hkjrh djus dk vR;ar ifj.kkedkjd lk/ku gksrk gS] ,slh voLFkk esa cjh gksus ls D;k ykHk\

eqfDr ls Hkh D;k ykHk

tSlkfd Åij mYys[k fd;k x;k gS] eSaus ‘kklu laLFkk ds lq/kkj fo”k;d vius fopkj lwfpr djus ds fy, ekaVsX;w rFkk xoZuj tujy dks

vktdy tks fuosnu Hkstk gS] mlds izeq[k fo/ks; bl rjg Fks fd ;fn muds dgus ds vuqlkj lR; gh fganqLFkku esa dksbZ mŸkjnk;h ‘kklu

laLFkk izLFkkfir djus dk fopkj gks] rks fQj ge jktcafn;ksa dks canh’kkyk esa can j[kus dk dksbZ dkj.k ughaA nwljh ckr ;g gS fd fd

;fn ‘kklu laLFkk esa ,sls lq/kkj gksa tks mŸkjnk;h lŸkk iznk;d gksa vkSj jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ugha dh tk, rks ;g cgqr nq”dj gS fd og

ljdkj] ftlus yksxksa dk fo’okl [kks;k gS] dsoy mu lq/kkjksa }kjk vFkok ljdkjh eu%’kqf} dks Hkk”k.kksa }kjk gh iqu% izkIr dj ik,A

dsoy nslh LojkT; ls yksxksa ds ?kjokyksa esa vius b”Vtuksa ds fo;ksx ls QSys

350

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vlarks”k dk lewy fuewZyu ugha gksxkA ml ns’k esa ‘kkafr ,oa larks”k dk okl gks gh dSls ldrk gS] ftlesa HkkbZ ls HkkbZ Nhu fy;k x;k gS]

‘krkf/kd] lgÛf/kd ns’kHkDr dkjkx`g dh dksbfj;ksa esa yksgs ds fiatjksa esa lM+ jgs gS a vFkok ns’k dh lhek ikj futZuokl esa nj&nj dh

Bksdjsa [kkrs gq, HkVd jgs gSa vkSj gj nwljs ifjokj ls fdlh iq=] HkkbZ vFkok l[kk fe= ;k firk dks Nhu fy, tkus ls og fcNksg dh

e:Hkwfe esa vkdqfyr gksdj ty jgk gSA

Ikjarq foijhr i{k esa bl ckr ij Hkh xkSj djuk pkfg, fd jktcafn;ksa dks dsoy cjh djus ds lkFk&lkFk ;fn dksbZ egŸoiw.kZ ‘kklu

lq/kkj ugha fd, vkSj nkf;Roiw.kZ lŸkk dks ugha nh xbZ] rks risfnd dh og chekjh vkSj jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr oSls gh foQy gksxhA esjh

viuh eqfDr ds ekxZ esa ;g lR; vkM+s vk,xk] ;g tkurs gq, Hkh bZekunkjh ds lkFk fLFkfr dks Li”V dj fn;k gS] D;ksafd cjh gksdj ml

ns’k esa tkdj Hkh gekjk thou lqlã dSls gksxk] ;fn izxfr] fodkl ds gj jkLrs ij ^vfrØe.kdkfj;ksa ij vfHk;ksx pyk;k tk,xk*

r[rh Vaxh gksA tgka izR;sd vxyk ix mBkus ij LokfHkeku vkSj viuh /keZcqf} ij pksV iM+rh gks] ogka ladV esa iM+s fcuk pyuk dSls

laHko gksxk\ vr% nslh LojkT; rFkk jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr gksus ij Hkh eq>s cjh ugha fd;k x;k] rks Hkh eSa vlarq”V ugha jgwaxkA blds

foijhr] ;fn eq>s eqDr djus ls jktcafn;ksa dks lk/kkj.kr% {kek ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS rks eq>s blh esa gkfnZd izlUurk gksxh fd eq>s

cjh u djrs gq, mu lSdM+ksa yksxksa dks] ftUgsa eqDr djuk laHko gS] ljdkj eqDr djsA ;fn esjs dFkukuqlkj ljdkj bl rjg nkf;Roiw.kZ

‘kklukf/kdkj vFkkZr~ de&ls&de mPp fof/keaMy esa ,slk ifj.kkedkjh cgqer ns] ftl ij fdlh jkT;&lfefr ¼Council of State½ dk iRFkj izR;sd oj esa vfHk’kki ?kksyus ds fy, izLFkkfir u fd;k x;k gks] ,sls yksdi{kh; izfrfuf/k;ksa dks cgqer ns jgh gks vkSj ml

vf/kdkj&nku ds lkFk gh v’ks”k jktcafn;ksa ds vesfjdk vkfn LFkkuksa ij vVds gq, gekjs fuokZflrksa ds lkFk lHkh jktnafMrksa dks cjh

djokus dh mnkjrk dk izn’kZu dj jgh gks] rks de&ls&de eSa vkSj esjs tSls vU; dbZ canh bl rjg ds lafo/kku dks bZekunkjh ds lkFk

Lohdkj djsaxsA ;fn gekjs yksxksa dks vius izfrfuf/k ds :i esa gesa pquuk mfpr izrhr gqvk rks ftUgksaus vkt rd gekjs fo”k; esa dsoy

fo}s”k gh /kkj.k fd;k vkSj vius dk;Z ,oa uhfr;ksa ls gekjs eu esa ek= frjLdkj gh mRiUu fd;k gS] mUgha fo/kkueaMyksa dk vius thou

ds ije /;s;kFkZ dej dldj lkeuk djsaxsA eSaus ;g izLrko ljdkj ds eu esa mRiUu vk’kadk dks /;ku esa j[kdj lksn~ns’;

351

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fd;k Fkk] D;kasfd ekaVsX;w lkgc ds ys[k esa yxHkx Li”V :i ls bl rjg dk lwpd iz’u fd;k x;k gS fd D;k Økafrdkjh bu lq/kkjksa dks

Lohdkj djsaxs\ ekaVsX;w lkgc ds bl rjg dh vk’kk iznf’kZr djrs gq, fd ;s lq/kkj vius /;s; ,oa egŸodka{kk dh iwfrZ ds fy, vuqdwy

gSa] vr% Økafrdkjh vius iwoZorhZ Hk;adj ekxZ dk ifjR;kx djrs gq, ‘kkafr ,oa mi;ksfxrk ds ekXkZ ij vk,axs] bl fo/kku ds mŸkjLo:i

ge ;g Li”V djrs gSa fd D;k ek= ekuksjatukFkZ dksbZ vkx dh yiVksa ;k ladV ds tcM+ksa esa izos’k djrk gS\ ;g fdafpr laHko gSA vkSj

;g rks mlls Hkh vf/kd laHko gS fd tks lPpk ns’kHkDr gS vkSj tks Hkwrn;k ls izsfjr gks x;k gS] og jDrikr] vk?kkr&izR;k?kkrksa dh

vifjgk;Zrk ls Øwj cuh jkT;Økafr esa rc jax tkrk gS tc mlds fy, ,slk dksbZ oS/k ekxZ] tks vf/kd ykHknk;d] vf/kd fpjifj.kkeh]

vf/kd lqyHk] vf/kd la?k”kZ’kwU; izxfr dk dksbZ ,slk oS/k ¼constitutional½ ekxZ u [kqyk gks vkSj ml ij pyuk vlaHko gksA vFkkZr~ tc

jkT; ?kVuk gh ugha] fo/kku gh ugha] rc oS/k iz;klksa dh ckrsa djuk ek= etkd gh gSA ijarq tc baXySaM esa vFkok vesfjdk esa :<+ fdlh

‘kklu laLFkk esa ^jkT;Økafr ,d ‘khry iFk gS] ftlij xqykc ty fNM+dk gS]* bl rjg dh ckrsa djuk mlls Hkh vf/kd fueZe etkd gh

ugha] cfYd ,d vijk/k gSA

,slk gh vFkZijd ,oa fo/ks;ijd vkSj blh Hkk”kk esa fy[kk vkosnu eSaus ekaVsX;w lkgc dks Hkstk gSA

ukeek= dh f}rh; Js.kh

rqeus fiNys i= esa iwNk Fkk fd eq>s ^f}rh; Js.kh*¹74 esa izksUufr fey xbZ rks D;k&D;k lqfo/kk,a izkIr gks xbZA tsy ls ckgj tkus dh\

ughaA ys[ku lkexzh j[kus dh\ ughaA ca/kq ds lkFk jgus dh\ ughaA vifjgk;Z vkSj dBksj ifjJe ls eqfDr\ ughaA okWMZj gksus dh vFkok

dksBjh esa can u gksus dh\ ughaA eq>s vf/kd vPNk rFkk vknj;qDr O;ogkj izkIr gksus dh\ ughaA vf/kd i= Hkstus dh\ ughaA ?kj ls

HksaV izkIr djus dh\ uk th] ukA vU; yksx bldk ikap o”kksZ ds Ik’pkr~ gh miHkksx dj ldrs gSa] eSa vkt dkjkokl ds vkBosa o”kZ esa gwa]

ijarq vHkh rd buesa ls ,d Hkh lqfo/kk eq>s izkIr ugha gSA rks fQj rqe dgksxs] ^HkbZ crkb,] vkidh f}rh; Js.kh esa rjDdh gksus dk

Hkyk D;k ykHk gqvk\* rks egk’k;] ;gh og egku~ egŸoiw.kZ ykHk

74

vaneku es a ikap o”kksZa ds Ik’pkr~ nwljh Js.kh esa c<+ksrjh feyus ij canh dks vf/kd lqfo/kk,a izkIr gksrh gSaA nl o”kksZa ds Ik’pkr~ i zFke

Js.kh esa c<+ksrjh feyus ij og Lora= ^fVdV* fudkydj vius ifjokj ds lkFk jg ldrk gSA lkojdj dks 12 uoacj] 1916 ds fnu

f}rh; Js.kh nh xbZA

352

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gqvk fd rjDdh gks xbZA le>s Jheku MkWDVj ckcw\

;g ckr gqbZ dkjkxkjh; ckã lqfo/kkvksa dhA ;g lc rc rd gh lã Fkk tc rd esjk ‘kkjhfjd LokLF; Bhd FkkA ijarq bl o”kZ esjs

Hkkx esa og Hkh nqLlg vkifŸk vk iM+h gS] D;ksafd esjk LokLF; rsth ls fxj jgk gSA rqe tkurs gh gks] eSa lglk bl rjg ugha fy[kwaxkA

ijarq vc ,slk fy[kuk eSa viuk drZO; le>rk gwaA eSa nkos ds lkFk dg ldrk gwa fd nqHkkZX; ds fdrus Hkh dBksj vk?kkr gksa] xhrk dk

lk/kd rFkk esjk ca/kq lglk MkaokaMksy ugha gksxkA cky] izfro”kZ ,d fnu rks bl dkjkxkj esa fueZy vkuannk;h izrhr gksrk gS] og fnu gS

?kj esa rqe yksxksa dks okf”kZd i= Hkstus dkA ijarq ;|fi vkt rqEgsa i= fy[krs le; iwoZor~ mu lkjs fiz; n`’;ksa dh rFkk Lusge; ewfrZ dh

d`rK Le`fr tkxzr~ gksdj eu izQqYy gks jgk gS] rFkkfi bl rjg ds i= fy[krs le; ‘kjhj ij iM+rs ml lq[kn ruko dks >syus dh

‘kfDr Hkh ‘ks”k u jgus ls eu mldk iw.kZ vkuan ugha ys ik jgk gSA xr ekpZ eas esjk out 119 ikSaM FkkA bl o”kZ 18 ikSaM jg x;k gSA

vkek’k; dk fodkj ;Fkkle; oS|dh; mipkj rFkk O;oLFkk u fd, tkus ds dkj.k gn ls vf/kd c<+ pqdk gSA nsg vc vfLFk&iatj cu

xbZ gSA vkB o”kZ eSaus ;g canhokl dk cks> <ks;k gSA vusd foinkvksa us] tks rqEgkjs fy, vKkr Fkh] cgqr gkFk&ikao ekjs vkSj Hk;]

/kedh Hkjs] oØrkiw.kZ vi’kCnksa] vkalqvksa rFkk mlkalksa ds mnkl ,oa nq%[kh dj nsusokys ml okrkoj.k esa ,slk izrhr gksrk fd dgha viuh

mnkŸk eukso`fŸk;ksa dh bfrJh rks ugha gks jghA ijarq bZ’oj us vkt rd eq>s bl fLFkfr esa Hkh vVy] vfMx lhuk rkudj [kM+s jgus dh

‘kfDr iznku dh gS vkSj eSa mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls nks&nks gkFk dj ldkA ijarq vc nsg }kjk >sys gq, d”V gn ls vf/kd c<+ jgs gSa vkSj

fnu&c&fnu nsg lw[kdj dkaVk gks jgh gSA vktdy LokLF; Ik;Zos{kd ¼Medical Superintendent½ vf/kdkjh esjs LokLF; dh vksj dqN

/;ku ns jgs gSaA ;|fi vc Hkh eq>s ^drZO;* vFkkZr~ dkjkxkjh; dke gh djuk iM+ jgk gS] rFkkfi vktdy eq>s <ax ls idk;k pkoy

rFkk nw/k feyus yxk gSA eq>s tks vk’kadk gks jgh gS og ;g fnu&izfrfnu c<+rh ;g nqcZyrk dgha eq>s vanekuh dkjkxkj fLFkr ml

fpjifjfpr lkFkh dh rjg risfnd ds gkFk rks ugha lkSai nsxh\ cl] ,d gh ckr ls ml vk’kadk dk lek/kku gksxk vkSj og gS ifjorZu]

QsjcnyA ijarq dkjkxkjh; ikfjHkkf”kdh dk ifjorZu ugha] D;ksafd ml ifjHkk”kk esa ifjorZu dk vFkZ gS] mlls Hkh vf/kd d”Vdj voLFkk]

cfYd ifjorZu&lq[kdj ifjorZu&vFkkZr~ fdlh fganqLFkkuh canh’kkyk esa fdafpr~ LokLF;i zn tyok;q ds LFkku ij Hkstk tkuk] D;ksafd ,djlrk

ls thou Åc x;k gSA fdarq rqe fpafrr ugha gksukA ;g fLFkfr d”Vizn rks gS] ij fu.kkZ;d ugha] D;kasfd canh’kkyk dh thoV&o`fŸk foy{k.k

gksrh gSA og vius Hk{; dh cksVh&

353

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


cksVh uksap ysrh gS] ij tku ls ugha ekjrhA O;Fkk iznku djrh gS] ij gR;k ugha djrhA lŸoghu cukrh gS] ij uk ugha djrhA jk[k

djrh gS ij j[krh Hkh gS] /kqd/kqdh j[krh gSA vkSj ,sls cafn;ksa ds mnkgj.k nqyZHk ugha gSa tks thou dh vR;Yi laHkkouk gksrs gq, Hkh

vLlh cjlksa rd mls ?klhV jgs gSaA vr% ‘kjhj Hkys fdruk gh nqcZy D;ksa u gks] rFkkfi ;g Hk; rqEgsa vkt Hkh ugha gksuk pkfg, fd

izk.kksa dks dqN gkfu gksxhA gka] ;fn chp esa dqN vizR;kf’kr foink u [kM+h gks rksA

iqu% ;g lcdqN cl ‘kjhj rd gh gSA ;|fi tyrh fprk esa lac} gksrs] vfXu gh galh mM+kusokyh okpk&ohjrk dk iz;kl djuk

migklkLin gS] rFkkfi eSa bruk gh dg ldrk gwa fd vkRek vc Hkh bl daifr ,oa fopfyr nsg dks vius gkFkksa esa j[kus esa leFkZ gSA

blls Hkh d”Vrj ,oa nh?kZdkyhu dfBukb;ksa ls Vdjkus ds fy, rS;kj gSA u dsoy pqipki] cfYd fu’NyrkiwoZd rFkk fuHkhZdrk ds lkFk

lcdqN lgus ds fy, rS;kjA gekjs T;s”B ca/kq dk LokLF; eq>ls vPNk gS] rFkkfi vk/kklhlh ds dkj.k mudk Hkh out ?kVdj 106 ikSaM

ij vk x;k gSA

vanekuh; i=ksa dk loZ= izpkj

bu dqN ifjPNsnksa ls] tks eSaus lu~ 1918 ds vxLr esa ljdkjh lEefr ls gh Hksts x,] vius dkjkx`gh; i=ksa ls mn~/k`r fd, x, gSa] ;g

Kku gksxk fd fdl izdkj eSa lHkh jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds fy, iz;Ru’khy Fkk vkSj esjh rkRdkfyd Hkkouk,a rFkk voLFkk dSlh FkhA e sjs

vuqt us mifjfyf[kr i= dh ‘krkf/kd izfr;ka jk”Vªh; lHkk ds lHkh izfrfuf/k;ksa dks ckaVha] tks ml o”kZ ,df=r gq,A mlds dqN Hkkx

^ve`r cktkj if=dk*] caxkyh vkSj vU; vaxszth nSfudksa esa rFkk vusd izknsf’kd Hkk”kkvksa ds lekpkji=&if=dkvksa esa izdkf’kr gq,A esjh

LokLF; fo”k;d fpark ls yksxksa esa izpaM lgkuqHkwfr dk osx meM+ vk;k] ftlls jktcafn;ksa dh d”Vizn voLFkk dh vksj rhozrkiwoZd

lkoZtfud /;ku vkdf”kZr gqvkA esjs ca/kq vkSj eSaus bu vkSj vU; ljdkjh rFkk var%LFk i=ksa }kjk vk;ksftr dk;ZØeksa ds vuqlkj lrr

vkanksyu tkjh j[kkA yksxksa ds eu esa xqIr :i esa clh gqbZ jktcanh oxZ ls HkfDr vkSj izhfr vc /khjs&/khjs fuHkhZdrkiwoZd izdV :i esa

O;Dr gksus yxh gSA nks&pkj fe=ksa dh ckrksa esa vkdj eSa ;fn gM+rky esa dke djuk NksM+ nsrk rks bl volj ij ;g i= ljdkjh jhfr

ds vuqlkj Hkstuk vlaHko FkkA ijarq bl i= dh oLrqfLFkfr ljkdjh vf/kdkfj;ksa dh vuqefr ls gh vius HkkbZ dks lwfpr djuk laHko

gksus ls mls lR; le>uk rFkk mlds vk/kkj ij jktcafn;ksa ij gks jgs nk:.k vR;kpkjksa dh dM+h vykspuk djuk mu usrkvksa rFkk i=ks a

dks Hkh laHko gqvk] tks vKkr vFkok var%LFk i=ksa dh tkudkjh ij

354

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fuHkZj jgus ls Mjrs FksA ckn esa gesa Kkr gqvk fd bl i= dh izfr i<+rs gh dbZ usrkvksa dh vka[kkas ls Vi&Vi vkalw >jus yxsA ^ve`r

cktkj if=dk* esa ^Outrageous treatment of a political prisoner* ‘kh”kZd ls Nik esjs i= ij vk/kkfjr ys[k dkjkxkj esa gekjs

izPNu Lusgh us gesa xqipqi Hkstk FkkA

ljdkj ds ek/;e ls og i= ogka tkus ls mlds fo/ks; dks fo’ks”k egŸo izkIr gqvk Fkk] rFkkfi ml i= esa ljdkjh izfrca/k ds vuq:Ik

dkjkxkjh; gM+rky vkSj vU; fNViqV ?kVukvksa dh tkudkjh ugha nh tk ldh FkhA ;g deh iwjh djus ds fy, var%LFk i= Hkstuk

vfuok;Z gh FkkA vr% izFker% ,d i= fy[kdj mldh VkbIkjkbVj }kjk vusd izfr;ka fudkydj mUgsa Jh enu eksgu ekyfo;k] MkW- ,suh

cslsaV vkfn izeq[k usrkvksa rd rFkk fo/kkulHkk ds lnL;ksa dks gj tgkt }kjk nks&nks] pkj&pkj djds Hkstk x;kA os dqN igqaprh rks dqN

[kks Hkh tkrhA blds Ik’pkr~ ,d lTtu] nqHkkZX;o’k ftudk gky gh esa LoxZokl gksus ds dkj.k mudk ukefunsZ’k djus esa dksbZ vkifŸk

ugha] os MkW- nkeksnj fganqLFkku vkrs le; viuh vka[kksa ns[kh lkjh tkudkjh fy[kdj vaneku ls Lons’k ys vk,A U;w bafM;k vkSj vU;

,d&nks if=dkvksa esa vaneku ds jktcafn;ksa ls lacaf/kr muds ys[k igys gh vukfed :i esa izfl} gks x, FksA vr% muij igys gh

vaneku esa lHkh vf/kdkfj;ksa dh utj FkhA os Lora= izo`fŸk ds FksA gekjh laLFkk ds] ftldk ihNs mYys[k fd;k gS] os lnL; Fks vkSj mu

yksxksa esa ls Fks] ftUgksaus fujis{k Hkko ls jktcafn;ksa dh lgk;rk dhA dbZ yksxksa dks vk’p;Z gksxk fd os enzkl ds vNwrksa e s a ls ,d FksA

muds leku lqanj] izfrf”Br] LokfHkekuh] lkglh rFkk Lora= izo`fŸk ds iq:”k dks ns[kdj rRdky ;gh ckr eu dks pqHkrh fd bl rjg

fdrus gh drZO;’kkyh iq:”kksa ds drZ`O; fganw lekt viuh vLi`’;rk ds vfHk’kki rFkk Nki ls dqafBr djds lekIr djrs gq, vius jk”V ª

dh ‘kfDr {kh.k dh gSA MkW- nkeksnj tSls drZO;’kkyh ns’kHkDrksa dks ns[kdj rqjar Kkr gksrk gS fd Li`’; o.kZ nkarksa rys vaxqyh nck ysxkA

muds mPp vf/kdkjh Hkh muls ncdj jgrsA muds fo:} f’kdk;rsa vkrh jgrhA fd jkg esa pyrs os fdlh ,sjs&xSjs xksjs O;fDr dks

jke&jke ugha djrsA nqHkkZX;o’k ;s lTtu fganqLFkku esa vkrs gh Hkjs ;kSou esa ,a¶yq,atk dk f’kdkj cu x,] rFkkfi mUgksaus igys og dk;Z

iwjk dj fn;k Fkk tks geus mudks lkSaik FkkA gekjs jktcanh fe=ksa ,oa izeq[k lgdfeZ;ksa esa ls ,d lTtu us Hkkuflag dh ekjihV ds

lkFk&lkFk gM+rky dh lkjh ?kVukvksa rd] cafn;ksa ij gks jgs vR;kpkjksa ls ifjiw.kZ ,d i= fy[kdj rS;kj fd;k FkkA mls mlus gesa

fn[kk;k vkSj geus tku&cq>dj dsoy vius ls lacaf/kr ;krukvksa dk mYys[k dkVdj ,d canh ds gkFk mls fganqLFkku Hkst fn;kA og canh

gekjh laLFkk esa ‘kiFkc} gqvk Fkk vkSj vR;ar fo’oLr

355

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


FkkA og viuk nl&ckjg cjlksa dh ltk dkVdj cjh gks jgk FkkA mlus viuh ryk’kh gksus ds ckotwn cM+h dq’kyrk ls ml i= dks

laHkkydj fganqLFkku esa fuf’pr irs ij jokuk fd;kA i= igqapus ij Hkh ml vk/kkj ij izdkf’kr djus esa lekpkj&i= fgpfdpkus yxsA

ijarq MkW- nkeksnj us fganqLFkku igaqprs gh usrkvksa ls HksaV dj O;fDrxr nkf;Ro ij muds xys mrkjk fd ml i= esa Hk;kud fn[kkbZ

nsusokyh ?kVuk,a furkar lR; gSaA og i= ^caxkyh* esa vkSj esjs vuqeku ls ^U;w bafM;k* esa Hkh iwjk&dk&iwjk izdkf’kr gks x;kA rc Lons’k

esa jktcafn;ksa ij gks jgs vR;kpkjksa ij gks&gYyk gqvk] ftlls vaneku dk iz’u lHkh ns’kizsfe;ksa dh vka[k dh fdjfdjh cu x;kA ml i=

ds izdkf’kr gksrs gh vkSj Lons’k esa tkx`fr gksus ij fganqLFkku ljdkj ls Hkh iwNrkN dh xbZ vkSj ;Fkkiw.kZ vaneku ds vf/kdkfj;ksa esa Hkkjh

[kycyh ep xbZA

b/kj /kS;ZiwoZd gM+rky tkjh gh FkhA tks gM+rky esa lfEefyr Fks vkSj tks gV~Vs&dV~Vs canh FksA mUgsa izfrfnu ikzIr gksusokyk Hkjiwj Hkkstu

Hkh viz;kZIr gksrk Fkk] ij vc mUgsa naMLo:i ml Hkkstu ls Hkh de ek=k esa Hkkstu feyus yxkA mldh vkiwfrZ djus ds fy, gekjs

lgk;d canh yksx] okWMZj rFkk isVh vQlj Hkh var&LFk jhfr ls dkjkxkj ds ukfj;y ds cM+s dkj[kkus ls Fkkfy;ka Hkj&Hkjds ukfj;y ds

VqdM+s mu gM +rkfy;ksa dh dksBfj;ksa esa igqapkrsA izfr fnu nks&rhu fnuksa ds I’pkr~ ,dk/k nSfud vFkok lkIrkfgd i= gesa var&LFk jhfr ls

izkIr gksrkA og Hkh cM+h euksjatd ?kVuk gksrhA izFke og lekpkj&i= dkjkx`g ds }kj ds Hkhrj fdlh ukyh ls vFkok fdlh ds dkV ij

flyk;k tkrk vFkok dwM+kxkM+h dh fdlh QV~Vh ds uhps ncdj ;k fdlh lkglh O;fDr dh tsc esa [kqysvke ?kqlrk gqvk izos’k djrkA

mlds Ik’pkr~ volj feyrs gh og gekjh bekjr esa vk tkrkA i=okgd b/kj&m/kj loZFkk dke esa O;Lr gksdj pDdj dkVrk jgrkA

;g ns[kus ij fd ljdkjh dke og bruh bZekunkjh ds lkFk ikao rksM+dj dj jgk gS] gekjs yksx Hkkai ysrs fd dnkfpr~ Mkd vk xbZ gSA

fQj os mlds ekXkZ ij ml bekjr dh lyk[kksa ds ikl xqipqi [kM+s jgrsA ge gM+rky esa u gksus ds dkj.k dksBjh ds vkxs cjkens esa can

FksA ge mu lyk[kksa ds ikl ;aw gh [kM+s jgrsA igpku gksrs gh fdlh lqfo/kktud LFkku ij lyk[kksa ls og canh] tks xksys dh Vksdfj;ka

ysdj ‘kh?kZrkiwoZd pDdj dkVrk gksrk vFkok ^pyks dke djks] cSBs gSa fuxksM+s* dgrk gqvk cafn;ksa ij jksc tekrk gqvk viuk dke e s a

O;Lr gksrk] >V ls lyk[kksa ds vanj i= Mky nsrkA

i= feyrs gh ge nks&rhu gksa rks mlds rhu NksVs VqdM+s djrs] D;ksafd dksbZ vk tk, rks bruk yack i= fNikuk dfBu FkkA fQj ml i=

ds VqdM+s nh;s ds ihNs] fdlh

356

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Nsn esa nhokj esa tgka lk/; gks] m/kj fNikrs gq, ,d&,d VqdM+k fudkydj i<+rs tSls dksbZ pkSik;k le; feyrs gh vk/kk dPpk fuxyk

gqvk pkjk mxydj iqu% /khjs&/khjs tqxkyh djrk gSA tc ,d i<+us yxrk rc nwljk igjk nsrkA blds Ik’pkr~ iafDr;ka i<+us i<+us ij

rqjar mruk gh VqdM+k QkM+dj mls fxat&elydj ml o`Ÿk iBu dk;Z dk vafre i= ^fouk’k [kkrk foHkkx* ds vf/kdkjh rd tkrk vkSj

og rqjar lkjk >esyk ikuh esa ?kksydj iqu% mldk yksank cukdj Qsad nsrkA D;ksafd oSls gh Qsad ns vkSj ml i= ds uke dk gh VqdM+k

fdlh ds gkFk yx tk, rks ,d ?kaVs ds vanj&vanj i= ikusokys Lokeh dk irk yx tkrk] vFkkZr~ pkjksa vksj ls gkgkdkj eprkA bl

rjg ls og i= i<+dj mlesa izkIr tkudkjh la{ksi esa fy[kdj ,d dkjkxkjh; fpV~Bh dk lekpkj&i= fl} gksrkA fQj ml fnu la/;k

gksus rd og ,e bekjr ls nwljh bekjr esa ?kqerk jgrkA dksBjh esa fdlh us i= fn;k rks okWMZj ds Qsjs yxkrs le; ml mtkys esa

O;Fkk >syrs gq, i<+rsA ,d&nks ckj mlh le; vf/kdkjh ds vkus dh ckjh vk tkus ls og rkyk [kksydj bekjr esa izos’k djrk vkSj

dkxt pckdj fuxy tkrkA dksBjh esa can yksx bl dkjkxkjh; fpV~Bh ds lekpkj&i= dh izrh{kk esa jgrsA ml ij os ;q} ds fnu FksA

gj dksbZ lekpkj nsrkA tks f’kf{kr gksrs] os lekpkj ij gh larq”V u jgrs gq, i= dh pkj iafDr;ka gh lgh] ijarq Nik gqvk VqdM+k

ekaxrsA ijarq bl rjg ds egŸoiw.kZ VqdM+s NksVh xsaMqjh cukdj ukfj;y ds dwM+s esa [kksaldj izR;sd bekjr esa Hkstus iM+rsA gM+rky ds

dkj.k vf/kdkfj;ksa ds dM+s cankscLr ds ckotwn vkSj dkys yksxksa ij fo’okl de gksus ls gj bekjr esa xksjs lSfudksa ds igjs ds ckotwn

bl izdkj ;q} dh okŸkkZ,a izfrfnu LkHkh dks igqapkus dh O;oLFkk FkhA ifjp; gksrs&gksrs mu xksjs lSfudksa esa ls dqN brus feyulkj rFkk

lgkuqHkwfrizo.k fudys fd gesa ‘kiFkiwoZd dgus dk lkgl ugha gksrk fd mUgksaus Hkh lekpkj ugha fn, vFkok lekpkj&i= ugha fn[kk,A

fQj mudk Hkh rcknyk fd;k tkrkA iqu% ogha Øe] D;kasfd euq”; LoHkko gh dqN ,slk gSA

fxM++fxM+kus esa Hkh fuiq.k

brus lkjs xM+cM+>kys esa dHkh&dHkh i= vFkok i=okgd ;k i=&ikBd idM+k Hkh tkrkA fQj mldks viuk eq[k ns[kus yk;d cukuk

iM+rkA nknk] ckck] teknkj lkg&bl rjg bu x/kksa dks Hkh cki cukdj BsB ckjh rd fxM+fxM+krs gq, ml i=okgd canh dks NqM+kus dk

iz;kl djuk iM+rkA nks&pkj ckj ckjh us nzfor gksdj i= NksM+ fn, FksA ;g ckr ckjh ds izfr d`rKrk iznf’kZr djus ds fy, ftl rjg

dguk mfpr gS] mlh rjg ;g fl} djus ds fy, Hkh fd fxM+fxM+kus dh dyk

357

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


esa ge fdrus fuiq.k gks x, Fks] ;g crkuk Hkh mruk gh mfpr gSA vPNk] brus ij vfHk;ksx pyk;k gh x;k rks ^pyrk gSA* ,d ckj

blh rjg ,d i= idM+k x;k vkSj gesa gFkdM+h esa lkr¹75 fnuksa rd yVduk iM+kA ml le; ckjh vk;k vkSj gddfM+;ka fn[kkdj

mlus O;aX; dlk] ^^;s D;k gS\** geus dgk] ^^;g iksLVst gSA** mlus dgk] ^^rfud egaxk iM+k u\** geus dgk] ^^th ughaA ,dne

lLrkA vkidks lekpkj&i= ysuk gks rks ‘kqYd nsuk iM+rk gS vkSj mlds lkFk iksLVst HkhA gesa dkjkxkj esa fu%’kqYd lekpkj&i= ffeyrs

gSaA cl] dHkh&dHkh bl rjg vkB fnu gFkdfM+;ksa dk iksLVst nsuk iM+rk gSA ;gh gS Mkd O;;A iqu% Ng eghuksa rd fu%’kqYd i=A**

mu jktcafn;ksa dk] tks gFkdfM+;ksa] csfM+;ksa dh ekj ds uhps Ng&Ng eghuksa rd dksBjh&can gq, Fks] LokLF; gn ls vf/kd fxj x;k FkkA

,d&nks esa rks risfnd ds y{k.k Li”V n`f”Vxkspj gksus yxsA vaneku esa izk;% yksx risfnd ds gh f’kdkj cursA mu lqn`<+ LoLFk] nh?kZdk;

fdlku ,oa Jethoh ljnkjksa esa Hkh rsifnd ds gh f’kdkj gksus dh vk’kadk fn[kkbZ nsus yxhA ,d&nks tuksa us rks dksBjh&canh dks vlguh;

tkudj ;g lwfpr fd;k fd efLr”d dk larqyu fcxM+us ds vklkj fn[kkbZ nsus yxs gSa] ijarq izFke Ng eghuksa ds Ik’pkr~ Hkh ^vkxs

gM+rky tkjh j[kus dh* mudh thoV o`fŸk oSlh gh fLFkj FkhA fQj Hkh geus viuh uhfr ds vuqlkj viuk fu’p; crk;k fd gM+rky

tSls rkRdkfyd vkanksyu esa ,sl Js”B ns’kHkDrksa dks cfy ugha p<+k;k tk ldrkA geus dgk fd gM+rky tkjh j[kuh gh gS rks os u,

canh] ftUgsa igys gM+rky esa lfEefyr ugha fd;k x;k Fkk] dke NksM+dj dksBjh esa tk,a vkSj tks Fkds&ekans gSa vkSj ftuds LokLF; esa

xM+cM+ dh vk’kadk Li”V fn[kkbZ nsus yxh Fkh] os dksBjh ls ckgj vkdj vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk fn, x, gyds&Qqyds dke djsa vkSj rfud

foJke djsaA dkQh ppkZ rFkk fojks/k ds Ik’pkr~ var esa os n`<+izfrK yksx gM+rky NksM+us ds fy, r S;kj gks x, vkSj mlds lHkh vuqlkj

lHkh us iqu% dke djuk vkjaHk fd;kA ihNs dgk gh gS fd Ng eghuksa ds Ik’pkr~ ml jktiwr ;qod us rFkh vUu xzg.k fd;kA

gM+rky lekfIr ds Ik’pkr~ vf/kdkfj;ksa dks jkgr fey xbZA bl fuR; fu;fer gM+rky ds dkj.k dkjkx`g esa vc vf/kdkfj;ksa dk bruk

ncnck ugha jgk ftruk igys FkkA Ik;Zos{kd vFkok ckjh ds vkus ij Hkh ;s jktcanh izR;sd bekjr esa cSBs gh jgrs] gFkdfM+;ka yxokdj

[kM+k djok;k tk, rks og cyiwoZd fd;k gqvk lEeku vf/kdkfj;ksa dks gh vieku ls vf/kd Dys’knk;h izrhr gksrkA blds vfrfjDr bl

rjg ls] vkSj fo’ks”kr% bl vafre gM+rky ls dkjkx`gh; O;oLFkk dks vkfFkZd pksV Hkh igaqprh FkhA blds vfrfjDr ns’k esa eph [kycyh]

fganqLFkku ljdkj ls gksusokys

75

8 twu] 1914 ls 15 twu] 1914 rdA

358

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


iz’u&izfrizz’uksa ds mŸkj nsrs jgus rFkk izlaxksikŸk Hk; ds dkj.k vf/kdkjh gM+rky ls Åc x;s FksA ;g ,d ekax fd jktcafn;ksa ls jktcanh

tSlk O;ogkj fd;k tk,] dks NksM+dj fganqLFkku ljdkj }kjk bl gM+rky ls igys dh gqbZ izk;% lHkh fNViqV ijarq egŸoiw.kZ ekaxs Lohd`r

gks xbZA nh?kZ i= Hkstuk] fl[kksa dks flj /kksus ds fy, ehBk ikuh] lkcqu&rsy feyuk] Hkkstu esa lq/kkj] dke dh vR;f/kd l[rh u djuk

vkfn lqfo/kk,a fey xbZA gM+rky dk izeq[k mn~ns’; vaneku dh ihM+k dk izfrokn vkSj izfrdkj djuk Fkk] ftldk fganqLFkku esa vlj

gksrkA ;g rks lk/; gks gh x;kA ;|fi gM+rky dh ekax ds vuqlkj Hkkuflag dh ekjihV ds fy, izR;{k iwNrkN ds ckn Hkh ckjh nafMr

ugha gqvk] rFkkfi ,d rks ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa ls mldh bruh iwNrkN gks xbZ fd ml vk{ksi ls eqfDr ikus ds fy, mls cgqr gkFk&ikao

ekjus iM+s] nwljh ckr ;g gS fd ;g fganqLFkkukarxZr lafo/kku eaMy rFkk iszl dk dke Fkk fd og ,d vf/kdkjh dh izR;{k iwNrkN djus

ds fy, ljdkj dks ck/; djsA dkjkxkj esa tdM+s gq, jktcafn;ksa us mruk izfrdkj dj fy;k Fkk] ftruk os dj ldrs FksA

bl gM+rky ds Ik’pkr~ vf/kdkfj;ksa dk O;ogkj cgqrka’k esa <qyeqy gks x;kA igys bl rjg O;ogkj gksrk Fkk] jktcanh dks idM+k vkSj

dksYgw esa Bwal fn;kA ijarq vc fiNyh gM+rky vkSj izfrdkj ds dkj.k os rfud uje gks x,A ;q}dky esa vk, g, ‘krkf/kd jktcafn;ksa esa

gV~Vs&dV~Vs] lqn`<+ yksxksa dks Hkh dksYgw ij vf/kd ugha yxk;k x;kA tgka fNydk iwjk djokus esa dfBukbZ gksrh] ogka dksYgw ij vf/kd

ugha yxk;k x;kA tgka fNydk iwjk djokus esa dfBukbZ gksrh] ogka dksYgw dk uke ysuk gh O;FkZ gSA bl p[kp[k ls Åcdj tks Hkh djuk

gS djks] ij dqN&u&dqN dke rks djks] fcYdqy Bsaxk er fn[kkukA bl rjg Li”V dgdj vf/kdkjh fnu dkVus yxsA ;fn fNyds ds fy,

p[kp[k u djrs rks os iqu% dksYgw ij yxk nsrsA blls iwoZ dksYgw gh ugha ijarq vf/kd fnu ;fn dksbZ gM+rky djrk vFkok Qlkn [kM+k

djrk rks ckjh jLlh dk dke Hkh c<+krkA ,d ckj blh rjg ‘kkafr ns[kdj mlus jLlh dk dke izR;sd ds fy, pkj ikSaM c<+kus dk

iz;kl fd;k] tks igys rhu ikSaM gh cVrs vkSj fQj iwjk fnu i<+rs jgrsA bl rjg ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ;g p[kp[k izk;% lgh jkLrs ij

ys vkrhA

ckjh grk’k gks x;k

ijarq bl gM+rky ls ckjh Fkd x;kA fganqLFkku rd mldh cnukeh gks xbZ FkhA vkf[kj ljdkj Hkh mldh vksj lafnX/k n`f”V ls ns[kus

yxh] vkSj jktcafn;ksa dk og oxZ rks] ftls NksVh&eksVh lqfo/kk,a feyrh gSa] bruk fljp<+k gks x;k Fkk fd iksVZ Cysvj ds Hkxoku~ dh

dkjkxkj esa izfr”Bk vkSj /kkd vc ,d iRFkj ls vf/kd ugha jg xbZ FkhA ,slh voLFkk esa og loZFkk rVLFk gks x;kA og Li”V dg nsrk]

^HkkM+ esa

359

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


tk, og ljdkjh ncnck! Cl] cps&[kqps fnu tSls&rSls dV x, fd xaxk ugk,A* blls iwoZ gesa izR;sd gM+rky esa ogh ekaxs djrs gq,

ns[kdj og dgrk] ^D;ksa lkojdj] fQj ogh ekaxsa! Ikj vkidk ;g iz;kl iRFkj dh nhokj ij viuh flj QksM+uk gSA* vc mUgha ekaxksa esa

ls dbZ ekaxsa ipkrs&ipkrs ;gka rd igqapus ij ge ckjh ls dgrs ^gekjh ;g thoV o`fŸk ns[ksa] tks ckj&ckj ogha ekaxsa nksgjk jgh gS vkSj

var esa vki ns[ksaxs fd ogh izo`fŸk viuk flj QksM+rh gS ;k nwljs dkA jktcafn;ksa dks vktdy cjlksa ls ftldk n’kZu ugha gqvk] og

dksYgw dh crk,xk fd vkt rd rks og izofŸk vdkjFk ugha xbZA*

;q} ds Ik’pkr~ vk, gq, jktcafn;ksa dks vc vf/kd Lora=rk vkSj db;ksa dks vU; cafn;ksa dh ns[kjs[k vFkok ,sls dke fn, x, fd os

[kqysvke ?kwe ldsaA fo’ks”kr% tks gM+rky dh vksj mUeq[k ugha gksrs vFkok viuk&viuk dke djds pqi cSB tkrs] mudh ukd dh lh/k esa

pyus dh lknxh dh vksj /;ku nsdj ljdkj }kjk mUgsa iqLrd cka/kuk] dkj[kkuksa] Nkis[kkuksa esa lqfo/kktud dke nsuk vkfn vf/kdkj

izksRlkgukFkZ fey tkrsA gM+rky vkSj p[kp[kckth dk ;g ,d egŸoiw.kZ mi;ksx gSA mlls ;|kfi mudks tks >xM+k dj jgs gSa] Hkys gh

ykH u gks rFkkfi mu jktcafn;ksa dks] tks >xM+s ds ipM+s esa ugha iM+rs] ^lh/ks* vkpjk.k dk dqN&u&dqN Qy feyrk gh vkSj mlls dqN

jktcanh lkis{kr% Bhd&Bkd fLFkfr esa jgrs FksA de&ls&de ljdkj mUgsa ^lq’khy* le>s] blds fy, fdlh&fdlh dks ^paM’khy* gksuk

vo’; Fkk] vU;Fkk mu lq’khyksa dks Hkh rhu ikSaM ds cnys pkj ikSaM jLlh cVuh iM+rhA

blh nkSjku ;q} dk igyk Lo:i cny x;k FkkA vc teZuh dk igyk Tokj mrjrk tk jgk Fkk vkSj mldh rqyuk esa cafn;ksa dh meM+rh

vk’kkvksa dk mcky Hkh BaMk iM+us yxk FkkA ckn esa tks jktcanh Fks] muesa Hkh dqN yksx ,sls Fks tks lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa dh rjg n`<+ fo’okl

j[krs Fks fd dy gh cjh gks tk,axsA gM+rky ls iwoZ Ik;Zos{kd tc naM Bksadrk] ^Ng ekg csM+h]* rc mlh txg dbZ Hkksys&Hkksys jktcanh

mlls dgrs] ^tk&tk] Ng eghus rd rqEgkjk jkt FkksM+s gh fVdusokyk gS\* vius bl lkfFk;ksa ls eSa izkFkZuk djrk] ^Hkkb;ksa] ,sls [k;kyh

iqyko er idkuk] vU;Fkk dnkfpr~ fujk’kk dh izfrfØ;k lgh ugha tk,xhA ;fn le; vk gh x;k] rks os vo’; tk,axs] ijarq mlij

fuHkZj er jgukA mldk fu’p; u j[krs gq, ;gha la?k”kZ djrs gq, ejus dk ladYi j[kksA bl vk’kk ls fd vaxsztksa dk jkt ,d ;k nks

lIrkg esa uke’ks”k gksxk] taxy dh vkx ¼nkokuy½ dh rjg HkM+ds gq, ml canh txr~ esa eq>s ,d n`<+] ifjiDo fopkj dk o`} feyk] tks

dgrk Fkk] ^tkvks&tkvks! vaxszth dk jkt dHkh ugha tk ldrkA* ;g gR;kjk cM+k lkglh FkkA mlus rhu ckj vaneku ls Hkkxus dk

360

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


iz;kl fd;k Fkk vkSj mlls iwoZ ,d ckj og nl o”kZ dk naM Hkqxrdj cjh gks x;k FkkA ij cjh gksrs gh vius ‘k=q dh] tks mlds igys

naM dk dkj.k Fkk] gR;k djds vktUe dkjkokl Hkqxrus vaneku vk;k Fkk vkSj rhljs iz;kl esa lQy gksdj vaneku ls f[kld x;kA

ukSdk esa lokj gksdj eghuk Hkj vdsyk lkxj esa HkVdrk jgk FkkA var esa enzkl ds fdukjs yxrs&yxrs idM+k x;kA bl rjg vusd

fujk’kkvksa ls ml ij fujk’kk dk Hkwr lokj Fkk] tSls vU; cafn;ksa ij vk’kk dkA dksbZ Hkh ^vaxsztksa ds ‘kklu dk vLr gksxk* dgs rks og

>qa>yk mBrk vkSj rko [kkrs gq, dgrk] ^,sls rhu ;q} eSaus ns[ks gSa vkSj ipkl ckj lquk gS fd vaxsztksa dk ‘kklu ugha jgsxkA ij arq lc

feF;k gSA ek= pkykdh] dkab;kaiu ls vaxsztksa dk ‘kklu dHkh tkusokyk ughaA tks dksbZ mlds tkus dh ckr dgrk gS og lkyk a a

agSA* bl rjg dh xkyh nsrkA ijarq ;fn dksbZ ;g le>s fd mlds eu esa vaxszth vFkok muds ‘kklu ds izfr jŸkh Hkj Hkh isze Fkk] og

Hkwy djsxkA ,d ckj rks og vaxszztksa ls izfr’kks/k ysus ds fy, ,d Hk;adj d`R; djus ds fy, rS;kj gks x;k FkkA

lR;kxzgh jkej{kk dh e`R;q

bl gM+rky ds e/; ,d iatkch czkã.k dh] ftldk uke jkej{kk Fkk] e`R;q dh nq?kZVuk ?kVhA ;s lTtu phu] tkiku vkfn LFkyksa dh ;k=k

djrs&djrs jkT;Økafrdkfj;ksa ds ny esa lekfo”V gksdj L;ke] jaxwu esa fonzksg djus rFkk QkSth flikfg;ksa dks cgdkus ds “kM;a= esa nafMr

gq, FksA ogka Hkh mUgsa vR;f/kd ;a=.kk,a lguh iM+hA vaneku ds dkjkxkj esa ikao j[krs gh mUgksaus ns[kk fd czkã.kksa ds xys ls ;Kksiohr

mrkjk tk jgk gSA os Lo;a fons’k ds eqjCch vkSj czã laLdkjksa dks gh /keZ le>us dh ladqfprrk ls vR;f/kd izxYHk fopkjksa ds FksA ijarq

mUgsa ;g ckr v[kjh fd fdlh dks Hkh mldh bPNk ds fo:} mldk /keZfpà mrkjus ds fy, ck/; fd;k tk,A vr% mUgksaus viuk

;Kksiohr fudkyus ds fy, Li”V ‘kCnksa esa euk dj fn;kA vf/kdkfj;ksa us ,slh ckrksa esa Hkh viuh ew[kZrk dh gsdM+h trkdj mls nqRdkj

fn;kA ml /kkfeZd vieku ds izfooknkFkZ jkej{kk us ‘kiFk yh fd tc rd ;Kksiohr ugha] rc rd eSa vUu xzg.k ugha d:axkA vUu gh

ugha] og ty rd xzg.k ugha djrkA futZy rFkk fujUUk&bl rjg dBksj ozr dk ikyu djrs gq, ;g ohj dbZ fnuksa rd viuh dksBjh

esa iM+k jgkA var esa dksbZ ianzg fnuksa ds Ik’pkr~ ukd esa ufydk Mkydj mls cykr~ vUu fn;k tkus yxkA bls Hkh eghuk gks x;kA

;KksiohrkFkZ tw>rs gq, ej.k izfrKk ds lkFk ;g czkã.k la?k”kZjr jgkA blls iwoZ fd, gq, vR;kpkjksa rFkk fujk’kk ls mldh Nkrh esa rhoz

osnuk,a gksus yxhA MkWDVj us lwfpr fd;k fd mls

361

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


risfnd dh chekjh gks xbZ gSA lHkh dgrs] ^vc rqe vUu xzg.k djksA* ijarq og Vl&ls&el ugha gks jgk FkkA e`R;q ds }kj ij cSB

x;kA geus vius gkFkksa ls fy[kdj mls fpV~Bh HksthA var esa egRiz;kl ls vUu xzg.kkFkZ mls jkth fd;kA ijarq nqHkkZX;o’k gn ls c<+rk

gqvk fodkj Bhd u gksrs gq, ,d&nks eghuksa esa gh ml czkã.k ohj dks ohjxfr izkIr gks xbZA

ijarq mldk ;g dkaM ogha ij nck ugha jgk] varr% mldk lekpkj ofj”B vf/kdkjh] fganqLFkkuh iszl vkSj var esa dkjkx`g dh tkap ds

fy, fu;qDr eaMy deh’ku rd igqapk, tkus ls czkã.kksa dks dkjkx`g esa ;Kksiohr iguus dk vf/kdkj fey x;k]¹76 ijarq bl ekewyh

vf/kdkjkFkZ Hkh ,d czkã.k dks cfy p<+uk iM+kA vktdy lHkh dkjkx`gksa esa u dsoy czkã.k cafn;ksa dks izR;qr loZiaFkh; cafn;ksa dks vius

vR;ko’;d /keZfpà j[kus dh vuqefr izkIr gSA

tSls&tSls ;q} dk var lehi vkus yxk oSls&oSls teZuh dh gkj Li”V gksus yxhA rc iwoZ teZuh ds fojks/k esa feF;k fot; ds lekpkj

nsus dk izlax tSls vaxsztksa dks vPNk yxrk] mlh rjg feF;k thr dh dkYifud xi mM+kdj ml ij viuh rhoz fujk’kk dh /kkj HkksFkjh

djuk cafn;ksa dks lqgkrkA canh vaxsztksa dh gkj dks fry dk rkM+ cukdj izLrqr djrs FksA ;q}ksijkar ,d&nks o”kksZa esa vaxsztks a dks cafn;ksa dks

i= i<+us dh vuqefr nsuk gh vf/kd b”V izrhr gqvk] D;ksafd lekpkj&i=ksa esa de&ls&de yanu thrkA ykgkSj esa vehj dk vkxeu

vkfn vn~Hkqr ?kVuk,a rks dksbZ ugha NkisxkA blh le; ge jktcafn;ksa dks v’kar% mi;qZDr dkj.kksa ds fy, vkSj va’kr% blfy, fd ge s a

lekpkj&i= nsdj dqN rks gekjk euksjatu gks] rkRdkfyd le>nkj Ik;Zos{kd ^yanu VkbEl* dk lkIrkfgd laLdj.k gh dkjkx`g esa gesa

ljsvke nsrkA var esa ;g lqudj fd rqdhZ dh gkj gks xbZ] e>s rks cM+k larks”k gqvkA ;g lekpkj eqlyeku rks NksfM+,] dbZ jktcafn;ksa

dks Hkh] tks jktuhfr ls loZFkk vifjfpr gSa& vPNk ugha yxk] ijarq ckn esa mUgsa og ckr le> esa vkbZA teZuh ds lekpkj eSa ;FkkrF;

o.kZu djrk] ijarq ;s vfiz; lekpkj lqudj os lqukusokyksa ij vka[ksa rjsjrsA vPNk lekpkj iwNs fcuk rks muls jgk ugha tkrkA dHkh

eSaus dgk] ^eSa ugha nsrk dksbZ lekpkjA rqe yksxksa ds larks”k ds fy, feF;k lekpkj nsuk eSa xyr le>rk gwaA fQj os fxM+fxM+kus yxr sA

,sls le; mu cafn;ksa dks teZuksa dh gkj ,oa rqdksaZ dh gkj dk vlyh vFkZ le>kus ds fy, eSaus mudh lkIrkfgd lHkk esa ,d&nks ckj

;gh fo”k; fy;k FkkA ew[kZ dk LoHkko gksrk gS] tc vuqdwy lekpkj gks rHkh mls lquukA ‘kwj rFkk drZ`O;’kkyh iq:”k izFke izfrdwy

lekpkj lquuk pkgrk gS] rkfd izfrdwy dk

76

Ekqlyekuksa dks nk<+h j[kus rFkk fl[kksa dks cky j[kus dh vuqKk blls iwoZ gh fey pqdh FkhA

362

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


rqjar lkeuk dj ldsA usiksfy;u cksukikVZ dh vkKk Fkh fd dksbZ Hkh izfrdwy lekpkj gks rks mls rqjar] vk/kh jkr dks Hkh] txk;k tk,]

vuqdwy gks rks uhan [kqyus ds Ik’pkr~ lwfpr fd;k tk,A ml ij Hkh vuqdwy lekpkj lquus ;ksX; riL;k vHkh rd fganqLFkku us ugha

dhA vHkh fdrus lkjs izfrdwy lekpkj lquus gSaA lR; gS u! rks fQj izfrdwy gksus ij Hkh mldk lkeuk djuk pkfg,a izkphudky esa

jktk&egkjktkvksa dks ;fn dksbZ iq= tUe dh lwpuk nsus vkrk rks mls lksus dk dM+k fn;k tkrkA ijarq ,sls yksxksa dks ijkt; dk lekpkj

rc Kkr gksxk tc ‘k=q gh ?kj esa ?kqldj mudh Nkrh ij lokj gks tk,A Hkyk bl rjg ds ikS:”k ls dSls pysxk\ bl rjg ge

le>k&cq>kdj lHkh cafn;ksa dks gkj ds lekpkj lqudj ‘kkafr ds lkFk mudh ppkZ djus dk vH;kl Hkh cafn;ksa esa izk;% lHkh le>nkj

yksxksa dks gks x;kA /khjs&/khjs lHkh us bl ckr ij Hkh /;ku fn;k fd rqfdZLrku dh gkj ls fganqLFkku ds eqlyekuksa dh egŸodka{k k us tks

foijhr] ns’k fo?kkrd eksM+ fy;k gqvk Fkk] og le; ij gh mrjus esa lgk;d gksxkA ;g lHkh dh le> esa vkus yxkA fQj Hkh vU;

cafn;ksa ij gh ugha jktcafn;ksa ij Hkh ;q} ds ifj.kkeksa dh FkksM+h&cgqr izfrfØ;k gksrh xbZA dqN yksx mlds dkjkxkj dh dksBjh esa gh can

iM+s jgs vkSj muds LokLF; ij mldk vifjgk;Z izHkko gks x;kA vaneku dh LokLF; fo?kkrd tyok;w ls mu lqn`<+ ,oa gV~Vs&dV~Vs

jktcafn;ksa dk] tks ckn esa vk, Fks vkSj ‘kkjhfjd ifjJe ls vifjfpr Fks] LokLF; Hkh fxj x;kA rhu&pkj o”kksZa ds vanj gh cM+s&cM+s

Hkhedk; iatkch Hkh risfnd ds f’kdkj gks x,A dksbZ vepwj gks x;k] fdlh dks vfrlkj] nLr us ttZj dj fn;k] dksbZ vkRegR;k dh

ekyk tius yxkA rhu&pkj fl[k ca/kq risfnd ls gekjh vka[kksa ds lkeus py clsA ml le; gesa Hkh blh fodkj ds lansgo’k mlh

:X.kky; esa j[kk x;k FkkA ,sls ‘kwj rFkk mnkj ns’kizsfe;ksa dks ;wagh QVkQV ne rksM+rs ns[kdj dystk QV tkrkA vk’;;Z ;gh fd tgka

rhu&pkj o”kksZa ds Hkhrj ,sls gV~Vs&dV~Vs cyoku yksxksa dk vfLFk&iatj cu x;k ;k ek= gfÏ;ksa dk <kapk jg x;k] ogka ge vkB&ukS

cjl rd dSls fVds jg lds\

iqutZUe ysdj okil ykSVwaxk

,d caxkyh ;qod] ftldk uke T;ksrh’kpanz iky Fkk] ;q} ds fnuksa ckfjlky vk jgh j.kukSdk dh ekxZ&izrh{kk esa cSBs jkT;Økafrdkfj;ksa dh

iqfyl ls tks izR;{k eqBHksM+ gqbZ] mlesa xksyh ls vkgr gks x;k FkkA ;s caxkyh jkT;Økafrdkjh ckfjlky esa teZuh ls vL=&’kL=ksa ds lkFk

vk jgh j.kukSdk dh izrh{kk dj jgs FksA T;ksrh’kpanz

363

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dks blds Ik’pkr~ vktUe dkjkokl] }hikarj dk naM feyk FkkA gM+rky ds fnuksa esa dksBjh can gksus ls ,d fnu la/;k le; mls Hkkstu

ijksldj flikgh dksBjh can djus yxkA T;ksrh’kpanz us dgk] dksBjh esa ‘kkSp fd;k gqvk xeyk oSls gh Hkjk iM+k gSA igys mls fudkyks]

fQj Hkkstu Hkhrj ys tkÅaxkA ihNs crk;k gh gS fd dksBjh esa canh dks xeys esa VV~Vh djuh iM+rh FkhA flikgh us dgk&vc Hkhrj

tkvksA mlh dgk&lquh esa mls cyiwoZd Hkkstu lfgr dksBjh esa can djds flikgh vkSj teknkj pys x,A ckjh us Hkh fcYdqy dku ugha

fn;kA nksigj dks fd, x, ‘kkSp ds eVds dks fljkgus ds ikl lgrs gq, T;ksrh’k dks jkr Hkj ml ladjh lh lM+ka/k Hkjh dksBjh esa jguk

iM+kA jktcafn;ksa ds fy, ;g dksbZ igyk izlax ugha FkkA ijarq T;ksrh’k ckcw dh lgu’kfDr dh VwVrh Mksj dks ;g >Vdk vlguh; izrhr

gqvkA mUgksaus rikd ls Hkkstu dh Fkkyh Qsad nh vkSj vUu R;kx fn;kA FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa mls [kwu ds nLr gksus yxsA os :X.kky; esa vk

x,A vUUkxzg.kkFkZ ge muls vuqjks/k dj gh jgs FksA var esa izR;{k HksaV gksus ij muds xys iM+dj gh muls vUu xzg.k djok;kA ijarq

mlls VwVh gqbZ Mksjh iqu% gkFk ugha yxh] u gh og tqM+ ldhA ml jkr ls mudk iz{kqC/k efLr”d fcxM+rs&fcxM+rs eghus Hkj esa gh os

ikxy gks x,A vkxs o”kZ Hkj og ikxy[kkus esa FksA mlds ckn xr o”kZ rd caxky esa fdlh dkjkokl esa can FksA var esa ijlksa fdlh

lekpkj&i= esa ,d lk/kkj.k ls dksus esa pkj iafDr;ksa dk lekpkj i<+k&^T;ksrh’kpanz iky dk cjgke esa ikxyksa ds :X.kky; esa var gks

x;kA* lquk gS] vktdy mudk ikxyiu nwj gks x;k FkkA ej.k ls iwoZ mUgksaus viu s lacaf/k;ksa dks ;g lans’k Hkstk Fkk&

^^;g dHkh er lkspuk fd ej.kksaijkar esjh vkRek LoxZ esa pSu ls [kjkZVs Hkjrh jgsxhA ekr`Hkwfe ij esjh ;fn vd`f=e] fu’Ny HkfDr gks

rks mldh lsok ds fy, eSa iqutZUe ysdj raqjr okil ykSVwaxkA bls iRFkj dh ydhj le>ksA**

^yksdekU;* tuojh 1924 esa ^ckoyk T;ksrh’k* ‘kh”kZd ls izdkf’kr bl lekpkj esa Åij fy[kk gS&lquk gS] vktdy mldk ikxyiu Bhd

gks x;k gSA ijarq e`R;q ds le; Hksth gqbZ mldh bl fpV~Bh ls ;g ugha yxrk fd ftl ikxyiu Bhd gks x;k gSA ijarq e`R;q ds le;

Hksth gqbZ mldh bl fpV~Bh ls ;g ugha yxrk fd ftl ikxyiu us mls vktUe ?ksj fy;k Fkk] og Bhd gks x;k gS!

,d vksj mŸkeksŸke] mnkj fganw laxBu dk dV~Vj vfHkekuh iatkch jktcanh ml le; blh rjg ikxyiu] risfnd vFkok e`R;q ds f’kdats

esa Qalk gqvk Fkk( nwljh vksj Kku&rarqvksa dh {kh.krko’k dqN jktcanh funzko’k rFkk efLr”d jksx ds f’kdkj gks x, FksA mlesa ;s lTtu

Hkh Qal x,A :X.kky; ls eq>s fpV~Bh vk xbZA mlesa lHkh fLFkfr dk o.kZu fy[kdj fQj fy[kk Fkk&eq>s ;g thou cks> izrhr gksdj

vlguh; gks jgk gS] vkRegR;k gh ,deso mik; gSA rRdky ;FkklaHko ;qfDr&iz;qfDr ls muds

364

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


eu esa mRlkg dk lapkj djkds rFkk ckj&ckj ;g crkdj fd jk”VªlsokFkZ bl rjg fu”Qy ej.k Vkyuk gh viuk jk”Vª&/kehZ; drZO; gS]

ckj&ckj le>krs gq, mls ladV ls eqDr djus dk iz;kl fd;k] blhfy, ge vius ml mnkj fe= ds thou ls oafpr gksus ls cp x,A

,d&nks o”kksZa ds Ik’pkr~ mUgsa rfud [kqydj ?kweus yk;d dke feyk vkSj mudk LokLF; Hkh lq/kjus yxk FkkA

fujk’k&grk’k ykyk gjn;ky

blh nkSjku jkT;Økafrdkfj;ksa ds f>>drs /kS;Z ij ,d vkSj vk?kkr djus ds fy, mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk ykyk gjn;ky dk fy[kk ,d i=

i<+us dks fn;k x;kA iwoZ esa tks vf/kdkjh vaxqyh Hkj Nik gqvk VwdM+k ikl j[kus ds vijk/k esa vkB&vkB fnu gFkdfM+;ka Bkasdrs] os gh

vc] tc mUgsa vko’;d gksrk rc cqyk&cqykdj bl izdkj lekpkj vFkok i= i<+us ds fy, nsrsA egk;q} ds Ik’pkr~ ykyk gjn;kyth us

,d i= izdkf’kr fd;k Fkk fd vc ge bl er ds leFkZd cu x, gSa fd jkT;Økafrdkfj;ksa ls lkjs laca/k rksM+dj baXySaM ds N= rys gh

fganqLFkku LojkT; izkIr djs vkSj og LojkT; ‘kkafriw.kZ ekxZ dk voyacu djds oS/k vkanksyu }kjk gh izkIr gksxkA ckjh us eq>s vk Sj esjs

ca/kq dks cqykdj og drju i<+us dks nhA blds Ik’pkr~ esjh jk; iwNhA eSaus cl bruk gh dgk] ^^ykyk gjn;ky lPps ekuo gSaA eSa

tkurk gwa fd tks os fy[krs gSa] oSlh gh vkt mudh le> gksxhA blls vf/kd eSa vkt dksbZ ppkZ ugha dj ldrkA** bruk dgdj ge

okil vk x,A geus vxyh cSBd esa gjn;ky ds i= dk fo”k; gh j[kk FkkA muds bfrgkl] fdlh izfrdwy vk?kkr ds lkFk vius

vkidks fujk’kk ds xrZ esa >ksadus vkSj vkt rd vusd ,dkafrd erksa dks idM+us&NksM+us dh mudh vfLFkj] papy izo`fŸk ls eSa ifjfpr

FkkA ml fo’ks”k le; rd os tks dqN dgrs] og mudh lPph jk; gh gksrhA ijarq og fujk’kk] grk’kk rFkk vk’kk dh ,dkafrd izfrfØ;k

vf/kd dky rd fLFkj ugha jgrh FkhAog i= Hkh mlh rjg dk gS] izk;% lHkh us ;gh fu”d”kZ fudkykA dqN yksxksa us dgk fd ;g i=

dsoy viuh jk; vktekus ds fy, cukoVh :i esa Nik;k gSA eSaus dgk&,slk ugha] lkekU;r;k ;g i= lR; gSA mlesa mfYyf[kr

rqfdZLrku vkSj rnuq”kax ls vehj vkSj fganqLFkku ds dqN eqlyekuksa }kjk dh gqbZ jk”Vª fo?kkrd egŸodka{kk vkSj ehekalk loZekU; gks xbZA

eSa fnu&jkr og Li”V dj gh jgk FkkA ml i= ls fdlh ds eu ij xgjk izHkko iM+k gks] ,slk geus fcYdqy ugha ns[kkA

;q} ds le; ^vkt pyas&dy&pysa* ;g izfrKkiwoZd Mads dh pksV ij O;Dr dh xbZ] vk’kk bl rjg fu”Qy fl} gks xbZA ;fn og

vukM+h Hkfo”;okn lR; fl}

365

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gksrk rks os vU; Hkfo”;okfn;ksa dh rjg lqyHkrk ds lkFk T;ksfrfoZn dh mikf/k izkIr dj ysrs] ijarq tc latksxo’k ;g volj [kks x;k

rc lHkh dks ,d rjg dh rhoz mnklhurk dk vkHkkl gks x;kA ijarq Mwcrs dks fruds dk lgkjk] ;q} es a gksusokyh eqfDr jg xbZA ij

vc ;q} esa thr ds dkj.k de&ls&de mldh [kq’kh esa eqfDr vFkok NwV feysxh ;k ugha\ pkjksa vksj vc ;gh ppkZ fNM+ xbZA esjs i=

us] ftldk ihNs ,d ifjPNsn mn~/k`r fd;k Fkk] bl fo”k; dh vksj rhozrkiwoZd ns’k dk /;ku vkdf”kZr dj fn;k FkkA mlds vuqlkj] ;g

Hkh ppkZ vkjaHk gks xbZ fd vPNk gS] eq>s Lons’k esa fdlh dkjkx`g esa ykdj j[kk tk,A var esa vaneku esa ;g fdaonarh Qsy xbZ fd

jktcafn;ksa esa ls iqjkus yksx fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkj esa ys tk, tk,axs] vkSj eSa flaxkiqjA ns[krs&ns[krs ,d fnu gekjs Jh tks’kh ckcw rFkk

,d&nks vkSj jktcanh lpeqp gh fganqLFkku ds fy, py iM+sA muds tkus dk lekpkj mM+us ls igys gh esjs iz;k.k dh /kwe ep xbZ FkhA

vr% :X.kky; esa ;qfDr&iz;qfDr ls os ,d ckj eq>ls feyus Hkh vk x, FksA gekjs bl fu’py lg;ksfx;ksa us] tk s ,d lkFk lq[k&nq%[k ds

vkSj fo’ks”kr% nq%[k ds lk>h cu x, Fks] vkSj tks gekjs xk<+s le; ds laxh Fks] gels fonk yhA ijarq ns[kk rks gesa mlh dkjkxkj esa

j[kdj ogha vc fganqLFkku pys x,A¹77 geus dHkh ;g vk’kk gh ugha dh Fkh fd dHkh gekjh rFkk gekjs ca/kq dh gok&cnyh rFkk

LFkku&canyh laHko gksxh ;k dHkh bl dkjkxkj ls rfud vf/kd lguh; Lfky ij gekjh jokuxh dh tk,xhA blh vk’kk ls rks ge

le;≤ ij fujk’kk ds vk?kkr lg ldsA

vc ‘ks”k jg xbZ ;q} ds fot;ksRlo ds dkj.k izkIr eqfDr vFkok NwVA ,d fnu og Hkjksls dh HkSal Hkh tueh vkSj lkjs cafn;ksa dks o”kZ

ds ihNs ,d eghuk NwV fey xbZA dqN cM+s&cw<s+ NwVsA jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh ;nkdnk NwV feyh] ij gesa&;FkkiwoZedYi;r~A gesa ,d fnu dh

Hkh NwV ughaA eqfDr dh rks ckr gh nwjA

77

tSDlu gR;k vfHk;ksx ds vkjksih okeu ¼nkth½ ukjk;.k tks’khA tks lu~ 1918 esa cjh gks x,A

366

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&6

e`R;q ‘k¸;k ij

;q} ds mŸkjk/kZ dh bl lkoZtfud mFky&iqFky ds pyrs ihNs ftl i= ls ifjPNsn mn~/k`r fd;k Fkk] mlesa fd, x, mYys[k ds vuqlkj

gekjk LokLF; fnuksfnu fxjrk tk jgk FkkA tc vfrlkj dk fodkj viuh lhek ij dj pqdk vkSj izfrfnu lkS fMxzh rd Toj ‘kjhj esa

jgus yxk] rc dgha gesa :X.kky; esa Hkjrh djrs gq, mipkj dh O;oLFkk dh xbZA :X.kkoLFkk esa dkjkx`g esa vk, fdlh Hkh canh ds :X.k

gksrs gh mls vLirky esa Hkstk tkrk] tgka mls FkksM+k&cgqr vkjke feyrk] ij gesa ;g lqfo/kk vkBosa o”kZ& gekjk jksx gn ls T;knk c<+

tkus ij&nh xbZ] vU;Fkk :X.kkoLFkk esa Hkh gekjh dksBjhcanh dHkh NwVh gh ughaA

,d ckj :X.kky; esa Hkjrh gksus ds Ik’pkr~ Ik;Zos{kd us dkjkx`g esa ftruk laHko Fkk] gekjh vPNh O;oLFkk dhA Hkkstu esa ckj&ckj

ifjorZu djds ogh vUu fnyk;k tks gesa gte gksA bl ifjorZu dk ewy dkj.k gekjs i= ls fganqLFkku esa fo/kkulHkk vkSj lekpkj&i=ksa

esa vkjaHk dh gqbZ ppkZ FkhA ijarq ;g O;oLFkk brus foyac ls gqbZ fd LokLF; esa lq/kkj ugha gks ik jgk FkkA ‘kjhj esa Toj p<+rk] mls

mrkjus ds fy, lrr dquSu nh tkrhA mlls ckj&ckj vfrlkj vkSj [kwuh nLr dh ihM+k gksus yxhA dHkh&dHkh nLr ls pkoy vkSj nw/k

T;ksa&dk&R;ksa fudy tkrk ikpu’kfDr bruh {kh.k gks pqdh FkhA iksVZ Cysvj vFkkZr~ vaneku esa risfnd] vfrlkj vkSj eysfj;k izk;% ,d

lkFk gkFkksa esa gkFk Mkydj pyrs FksA geij vfrlkj rFkk eysfj;k dh d`ik gks gh xbZ FkhA Ng&lkr eghuksa ds Ik’pkr~ gesa gh ugha]

MkWDVjksa dks Hkh risfnd dk lansg gksus yxk] tks LokHkkfod gh FkkA bl :X.kky; esa tgka vPNs à”V&iq”V] n`<+dk; jktcanh vkSj lk/kkj.k

canh Hkh tks gekjs vkl&ikl jgrs] risfnd] vfrlkj rFkk eysfj;k ds f’kdkj curs Fks] ogka gekjs LokLF; dh] tks vkB&vkB o”kZ rd

dkjkx`g dh fo”kkDr Nk;k rys izfrgr gqvk Fkk] dh D;k fclkr\ vfrlkj ds

367

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dkj.k vUu oftZrA vUukHkko ls nqcZyrk esa cqf}] eTtk rarq fcYdqy {kh.kA dkjkxkj esa euksjatukFkZ gh ugha vfirq vkRer`f”V ds fy,

,dek= lk/ku Fkk iqLrd&iBuA ijarq ml rkarfod {kh.krk ¼nervous debility½ ds dkj.k iqLrd i<+uk vFkok ckSf}d laokn Hkh lguk

dfBu gksrkA tjk i<+us vFkok ckSf}d laokn djus ls Toj >V ls nks va’k Åij p<+ tkrk] ,rnFkZ i<+uk gh NksM+ fn;kA iqLrdsa ikl

j[kuk gh can fd;kA [kfV;k ij gh iM+k jgrkA vr% le; dh yackbZ] tks dkjkxkj esa igys gh dfBu izrhr gksrh Fkh] ,slh mdrkgV

Hkjh vkSj iznh?kZ cu tkrh dh HkUukgV esa rM+idj dkVuk iM+rk] rFkkfi ml voLFkk esa Hkh fiNys izdj.k esa of.kZr lkoZtfud dk;Z

;FkklaHko dj gh jgk FkkA

jktegy jksx u ns[ks

dHkh&dHkh ,slk yxrk fd dkjkxkj esa chekj iM+us ls gesa dkjkxkj ds fo’ks”k d”V gksrs gSa vkSj yxrk fd dk’k] eSa dkjkxkj ds ckgj

gksrkA ijarq lkjk nks”k dkjkxkj ij gh Fkksiuk U;k;laxr ugha gSA ckgj Hkh D;k gS\ tks ckgj gSa os D;k bu jksxksa ls chekj ugha iM+rs\

eysfj;k] vfrlkj vkSj risfnd dh chekjh dks jktegy esa Hkh dksbZ jksd&Vksd ugha gksrhA rkÅu ¼Iysx½ dh Nwr] ,a¶yq,atk dh ckSNkj tc

izkjaHk gksrh gS rc cacbZ ds leku ukV~; ,oa foykl ds lk/kuksa ls Hkjiwj] fo|qn~nhiksa ls txj&exj djrh egkuxjh esa Hkh ?kj&?kj ejus

dh djkg D;k lqukbZ ugha nsrh\ ,d&,d ?kj esa e`R;q dh pkj&pkj vjfFk;ka ugha ltkbZ tkrh\ fQj ml Hkkouko’k fd ge dkjkxkj esa

gS] nq%[k dks tks ,d rhozrk izkIr gksrh gS] og cgqrka’k esa fujFkZd gS( D;ksafd ckgj Hkh nq%[k Hkksxus gh iM+rs gSaA ,slh lSdM+ksa

>qXxh&>ksifM+;ka gSa] ,sls lSdM+ksa xkao gSa] tgka gtkjksa yksx nhu&fu/kZu bUgha jksxksa ls rM+irs] NViVkrs jgrs gSaA rqEgsa dkjkxkj esa tks MkWDVjksa

dh lsok,a] tks nokb;ka miyC/k gSa] mudk jŸkh Hkj ykHk Hkh mUgsa ugha feyrkA dkjkxkj dh rqEgkjh bl ijra= nqxZfr ls mudh og

Lok/khurk dh nqxZfr vf/kd vlguh; gSA fQj dsoy jksx dk nq%[k lg yksA dkjkxkj esa gwa] vr% eSa :X.k gqvk gwa] bl izdkj

djkgrs&dq<+rs jgdj dkjkxkj dh dYiuk ls gh ml chekjh dk nq%[k vf/kd nqLlg er djksA fdruk vPNk gksrk ;fn eSa dkjkxkj esa u

gksrk] rqEgkjh ;g vU;euLdrk vU; n`f”V;ksa ls Hkys gh lR; gks] rFkkfi chekjh ds laca/k esa og mruh lR; ugha gSA Hkys gh ;g lR; gS

fd dkjkx`g esa jksx vkSj mlds lsukifr ckj&ckj ckgjh thou ls dqN vf/kd fujFkZd] mdrkgV Hkjk] cklh rFkk

368

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


,djl Hkh ugha gS&;g rŸo dh ckr le> esa vkbZA

O;ogkjr% ns[kk tk, rks ;fn ckgjh Lok/khurk] jk”Vªh; vkanksyu vFkok O;fDrxr thou dk ^?kjkSans dk [ksy lkFkZd rFkk xaHkhj gks rks ,slk

ugha fd ;g dkjkxkjh; thou Hkh ,slk gh gSA* ml jk”Vªh; Lora=rk ds egku~ /;kukFkZ gh ;g dkjkxkj] ;g canhokl] ;g riL;k rqe

vkSj rqEgkjs ;s lgrih lgu dj jgs gSaA ml /;s; dh xaHkhjrk dk rst ijkofrZr gksus ds dkj.k gh rqEgkjs dkjkxkjh; thou dh fNViqV

ckrsa Hkh cM+h&cM+h ckgjh thou&?kVukvksa dh rjg gh rst ls ifjiw.kZ] vknj.kh; ,oa vge gSaA :l ds tkj ds vFkok jkliqrhu ds

foyklh ,oa jkT;O;kih >esys yksx ftruh mRlqdrk ds lkFk i<+rs gSa] mlls Hkh vf/kd ftKklk ,oa iwT; cqf} ls fdlh vysDTksaMj dks

tku ls ekjdj lkbcsfj;k esa lM+rs gq, Økafrdkfj;ksa dh O;fDrxr vkSj NksVh&cM+h ?kVuk,a Hkh i<+h tkrh gSaA dHkh&dHkh ‘kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dh

>qXxh&>ksaifM+;ksa vFkok nafMrksa dh dkjkxkjh; dkydksBjh ij ,dkxzrk ds lkFk lkoZtfud /;ku ftruk fc} gksrk gS] mruk egy ij Hkh

dsafnzr ugha gksrk] vkSj tc ugha gksrk rc Hkh jk”Vªh; Å”kk%dky ds vkxeu ds fy, ml dkydksBjh dh va/ksjh ?kfVdk,a fxurs jguk

vko’;d gS] blhfy, egŸoiw.kZ Hkh gksrk gSA fQj dkjkxkjh; thou dsoy dkjkxkjh; gS] ,rnFkZ ckã ,oa Lora= thou ls ghurj ,oa

O;FkZrj D;ksa izrhr gks\

Lora= thou\ js ikxy eu] dkjkxkj dh bu pkjnhokjksa ds ckgj D;k Lora=rk gS\ iRFkj dh bu pkjnhokfj;ksa ds vkxs izd`fr fu;e dh

nhokjsa [kM+h gSaA eu dh ,oa f{kfrt dh nhokjsa gSaA bu dkjkxkjksa dh nhokjksa ls ftruk rqe c} gks x, gks mrus gh nhokjksa ls ckgj ds

yksx rqEgsa Lora= yxrs Hkh c} gks x, gSaA lkS ckr dh ,d ckr ;g gS fd tks dkjkxkj esa] ogh ckgjA ;g ek=k de&vf/kd gks ldrh

gS] ijarq fo/kk ,d gh gSA

vkSj euksjatu\ dSlk euksjatu\ ;g ns[kks] bl iqLrd ds nks i`”Bkas esa nhed us dSlh viuh jkt/kkuh clkbZ gSA

tks ckr chekjh dh] ogh mdrkgV dhA dkjkxkj esa thou ,djl rFkk fujFkZd izrhr gksrk gSA ijarq rŸor% ns[kk tk, rks ckgj Hkh D;k

gS\ rqe canh gksA ijarq ;g Ik;Zos{kd rFkk canhiky rks canh ugha gSa u\ ijarq varj D;k gS\ os Hkh izfrfnu mBrs gSa] dk;kZy; esa cSBrs gSa]

ckj&ckj ,d gh ckr fy[krs gSa] [kkrs&ihrs gSa vkSj lks tkrs gSaA iqu% mBrs gSa] lks tkrs gSaA mudk thou dkSu lk cM+k lkFkZd gksrk gS\

gkFk ihys gq,] cPps tus] isa’ku fey xbZ&D;k ;gh lkFkZdRo gS\ cPps Hkh vius ^?kjkSnas* ds [ksy esa ;gh lc rks djrs gSaA cPpksa ds ml

yM+diu ds [ksy ls bl lalkj dk rqEgkjs dkjkxkjh; vUo; dh n`f”V ls D;k dqN vf/kd vFkZ gS\ rŸor% nksuksa tSls <ksy ds

369

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Hkhrj iksy gSaA D;ksafd ekrk&firk dh xksn esa iyuk] fQj mudh vjFkh] mudh fprk BaMh djds vius cPpksa dks xksn esa ikyuk vkSj fQj

Lo;a ‘e’kku ?kkV dk jkLrk idM+uk&^iqujfi tue~ iqujfi ej.ke] iqujfi tufu tBjs ‘k;re~A* ;g lkjk iziap fdeFkZe~\ D;k feyrk gS

bl lkjs >esys ls\ ;g pØ Hkh D;k ,djl rFkk mdrkgV Hkjk ugha gS\ vkpk;kZsa dk iz’u&^rr% fde~\* ;g rqEgkjs dkjkxkjh; ijo’k

vkanksyu ij ftruk ykxw gS] mruk gh D;k ckgjh egk;q} ds vkanksyu ij ykxw ugha gS\

bl Ýkal vkSj teZuh us fdruh ckj ;q} ds ;gh yM+d[ksy [ksys gSaA rc ls tc Ýsap yksxksa dk xkWy ij vkØe.k gqvk&vkt rd&vkt

Ýkal fot; eukrk gS rks dy teZuh ds vkxs ukd jxM+dj dkyk lwrdh ifjos’k /kkj.k djrk gSA vkt usiksfy;u izFke ;k dy

usiksfy;u r`rh;&ckthjko izFke ;k ckthjko f}rh;! bl ,djlrk esa] [ksy&[ksy esa pwYgk&pkSdk ltkus esa rFkk VwV&QwV esa ;g laiw.kZ

txr~ dkSu lk vFkZ lk/; dj jgk gS\ ft/kj ns[kks m/kj ,djlrkA ijarq mdrkgV] fujFkZdrk] rŸor% dkjkx`g dh dksBjh ds }kj ij gh

ugha] vfirq fo’o ds izR;sd jktizklkn ij] rktegy ij vkSj lkxj ij] ioZrksa ij];gh iVy Vaxk gqvk gksrk gS fd* rr% fde~\* rks

fQj dkjkxkj esa can gksus dk bruk nq%[k D;ksa\ tks dkjkx`g esa] ogh fganqLFkku Lora= gksus ij HkhA fganqLFkku ds Lora= gksus ds ckn ds

lekpkj! lekpkj! lekpkj dh ykylk dh ogh fLFkfr! dkjkxkj esa lekpkj ugha feyrk vkSj ckgj feyrk gS] blfy, dkjkxkj

vlguh; izrhr gksrk gS\ nsf[k,] fdlh Hkh lekpkj ls D;k vafre rqf”V dHkh gksxh\ fganqLFkku ds Ik’pkr~ Hkh\ vr% gs eu! fpjdkfyd

,slh fujarjrk D;k dHkh ekuh tk ldrh gS\ fganqLFkku vkt Lora= gks x;k] iqu% oSHko f’kfFky gks x;k] iqu% ijra= gks x;kA nsf[k,]

bfrgklA ;g ih<+h Loh/khurk izkfIr ds fy, yM+s] vxyh ih<+h mldk Hkksx djs] rhljh mls [kks ns] iqu% lgs] yM+s] ejs] Hkksx djs] [kks,]

izR;sd jk”Vª dk] izR;sd jktdqy dk] izR;sd lekt dk iwjk bfrgkl] lHkh lekpkj bu rhu&pkj okD;ksa esa Hkjs gq, gSa] tSls xkxj esa

lkxjA ,d ckj mUgsa luus ds ckn iqu% lekpkj ds uke dqN ‘ks”k ugha jgrk] D;ksafd laiw.kZ mFky&iqFky esa loZFkk fu.kkZ;d] loZFkk

vafre d`fr izy; gSA ;g iqu mRiUu fo’o vk| lekpkjA og vc cklh gks pqdk gSA

vc tks laiw.kZ rktk lekpkj vk,xk&izy;] cl mRifŸk ls izy;A blesa lkjs lekpkj vk x, vkSj os nksuksa rqEgkjsa dkuksa esa vk pqds gSaA

fQj dkjkx`g esa lekpkj ugha] bldk fo’ks”k [ksn D;ksa\ ek= yM+d[ksy ds lekpkj] ^?kjkSans* ds [ksy&lekpkj ls nk’kZfud vf/kd jatukbZ

Hkyk dSls le>saxs\ bl {kf.kd vkSj mRifŸk] y;] vHkko] izy;] tUe&e`R;q bu yacdksa ¼yaxj½ ds chp dgha fgyksjsa ysrs gq, lekpkj vk,

gh

370

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gSaA os brus {kf.kd gSa fd muesa ,d Hkh lekpkj dk vafre dgykuk dfBu gksus ds dkj.k lekpkj dh bl r`”.kk dk dHkh ‘keu gksxk gh

ugha&fQj rqe dkjkxkj esa can jgks ;k fo’o esa gok ds >ksadksa dh rjg mUeqDrA xr eghus ds lekpkj ds fy, dkjkxkj foeuLd gksrk g S

rks fiNys ?kaVs ds lekpkj ds laca/k esa vesfjdk eu elksldj jgrk gSA D;ksafd m/kj izfr izgj u;k i= fudyrk gS] vr% xr izgj dk

lekpkj cklh gks tkrk gS vkSj rkts izgj dk lekpkj izkIr djus ds fy, eu ykykf;r ,oa O;olk; ds cktkj Hkkoo’k fparkrqj jgrk

gSA dy i`Foh ds lkjs lekpkj iy&iy esa Kkr gksa rks ekuo eaxy ds lekpkj lquus ds fy, blh rjg rM+irk jgsxk tSls rqe bl

dkjkxkj esa fganqLFkku ds lekpkj lquus ds fy, rM+i jgs gksA

vr% rŸor% ns[kk tk, rks rqEgkjk dkjkxkjkarxZr thou mu yksxksa ds thou dh rqyuk esa loZFkk O;FkZ ugha&tks Lora= :i ls fopj.k dj

jgs gSaA og ns[kks] phafV;ksa dh uxjh yksdla[;k esa ikVyhiq= ls vf/kd jsy&isy ls Hkjh&iwjhA os vaMs] mudh og jkuh] mudh jktdqekjh]

yM+kdw phafV;ka vFkkZr~ [kM+h {kf=; lsuk] phafV;ksa esa Hkh pkrqoZ.;Z lqizfrf”Br gS&Je foHkktu gS&og vkxs ns[kks] xxu esa rqEgkjh n`f”V ls

lkeus rjafxr fry ls Hkh nl xquk lw{erj ePNjksa dk jk”VªA ns[kks&ns[kks&>aqM&ds&>qaM ,df=r ;k=k djrk pyk tk jgk gS] tSls T;w yksxksa

dk pyrk&fQjrk jk”VªA vkSj ml ePNj dks ;%df’pr~ Bhdjk er le>ukA rqe ekuo gksus dh Mhax gkadrs gks&ijarq rqEgkjs ij dgka gSa\

ijarq ,d fry ds nlosa fgLls ftrus ml ePNj ds ia[k ns[kks rks lghA mldh Luk;q fdruh lw{e gksaxh] ijarq fdruh yphyh vkSj fdruh

dk;Z{ke! ml bZ’ojh; dq’yrk dk fujh{k.k djksA D;k ;g euksjatu ugha\ cM+s&cM+s egku~ oSKkfud dsoy d`fe&dhVdksa vFkok Ik’kq&if{k;ksa

ds thouØe dk v/;;u djus ds fy, vkthou fdlh ckach ;k e/kq ds NŸks ds lkeus dqaMyh ekjdj cSBrs gSaA ;fn og fujFkZd] rqPN

ugha gS rks ;g D;ksa dgk tk, fd rqEgkjk thou bl dkjkxkj esa fujFkZd] O;FkZ tk jgk gS\

fcfYy;ksa dh yM+kbZ vkSj jkek;.k

bl euksjatu dh vksj nsf[k,] fcfYy;ka jkst gh v/kZ jkf= esa vius izhfrxku xkrh gqbZ ?kwerh gSaA brus esa ,dk/k izfr}a}h lkeus vkrs gh

mu jfr xhrksa dk i;Zolku lej xhrksa esa gksdj ?keklku ;q} fNM+ tkrk gSA D;ksa\ lkjk migklkLin izrhr gks jgk gS\ rks Hkyk fQj

jkek;.k D;k gS\ dkekrqjrk esa izfr}a}h cudj nks ekuoksa esa eqBHksM+ gks xbZ] tSls ;s nks fcfYy;kaA ;s fcfYy;ka uk[kwuksa ls uksprh&[klksVrh

gSa vkSj eqag ls ?ku?kksj xtZuk djrh gSaA os Hkkyk] ryokj] f=’kqy ds lkFk uksp&[klksV jgs Fks]

371

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


nqanqfHk }kjk yjtrs&xjtrs FksA ‘ka[kukn }kjk ;q}kjaHk dh lwpuk nsrs FksA ‘ks”k euksfodkjksa dh rhozrk] xaHkhjrk rFkk vdqykgV nksuksa i{kksa esa

leku gh FkhA ;g Li”V gS] fcfYy;ksa dks bl fcYys dk ;q} mruk gh egŸoiw.kZ izrhr gksxk ftruk gesa jke&jko.k ;q}A fodkl ds ckn

dh ifjHkk”kk esa dgk tk, rks ;g êktkZjk;.k* gh mRØkar gksrs&gksrs jkek;.k esa ifj.kkfer gqvk gSA

fodklokn dh ckr fNM+ xbZ] blfy, og Hkh nsf[k,A fodkl’kkL= ds vuqlkj thou dyg tSls fodkl dk fo?kVd lk/ku gS] oSls gh

cky laxksiu ;g laxBd lk/ku gSA thou dyg ds rŸokuq:i ml ektkZjk;.k dk gh fodflr :i gS] jkek;.k&mlh rjg bl larku ds

ikyu&iks”k.k ds rŸokuq:i êsjh* dk vFkok ;’kksnk dk ekrìsze ml x`gikfyr eknk ds isze dk fodkl gSA nsf[k,] dkjkxkjh; MkWDVjks a dk

vkaxu vkSj mlesa vius nl&ckjg pwtksa dks vkxs&ihNs ysrh] vB[ksfy;ka djrh chp&chp esa mUgsa dqdw&phdw dh e/kqj yksjh lqukrh]

bBykrh gqbZ pyrh eqjxhA nsf[k, ml phy ds >iV~Vs ls fdl rjg vius yky dks cpk;k mlusA iwruk ds >iV~Vk ekjus ls ;’kksnk Hkh

mruh rM+ih Fkh ftruh ml phy dk vius pwtksa ij >iV~Vk ekjrs gh mldk dystk eqag dks vk x;kA nsf[k,] ml izd`fr dk dkSrqd]

NksVs cPpksa ds [ksy vFkok Ldwyh izfr;ksfxrk ns[kus yksx nf’kZd ¼fVdV½ ysdj tkrs gSaA D;k mu NksVs&NksVs pwtksa dk og >qaM&mudk og

Qqnduk] og dqydqydqy] fdyfdy pgduk] og nkuk pqxus esa gksM+ vkSj os fdydkfj;ka Hkjrs gq, vB[ksfy;ka mruh gh euksjatd ugha

gS\ muds eu esa og f[kykM+h f[kyanM+ Hkko] ogh g”kZ meM+ jgk gSA thou thokstho leosnu gksrk gSA dsoy lgkuqHkwfr ls mls thdj

ns[kksA

ianzg fnu rks lq[k izkIr gksrk

:X.kky; esa YkxHkx ,d o”kZ fcrkus ds I’pkr~ iqu% tc ikaposa uacj dh bekjr esa rhljs ry ds loZFkk ,dkar esa gesa j[kk x;k rc ge

ml fotuokl esa îzfr izlo* fopkjksa ls dkjkx`g esa eu ds m}sx ls rFkk nsg dh {kh.krk ls yM+rs jgrsA dHkh&dHkh izfrfnu ,d&u&,d

chekjh ihNs yxus ls eglwl gksrk fd vc ;g nsg&oL= bruk th.kZ&’kh.kZ gks x;k gS fd bls vks<+uk vlaHko gSA vkxs pydj fdafpr

LokLF; lq/kjsxk Hkh] ijarq fdruh izrh{kk djsa\ Ng eghus] o”kZ&Ms<+ o”kZ chrkA vkt vfrlkj] dy jDrkfrlkj] ijlksa Toj] ujlksa vkSj

dqN lgrk x;kA var esa fu’p; fd;k fd bl dkjkxkj ls rks gekjs NwVus dh laHkkouk ugha vkSj rc rd dkjkxkj NwVrk ugha] tc rd

LokLF; esa lq/kkj ughaa vkxs dke vk,xk] blfy, tSls&rSls laHkkydj j[kk ;g ‘kjhj Qsad nksA lq[k ds fy, rks lkjk ?kVkVksi] dgka rd

372

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


nq%[k esa vkalw cgk,a] ;g fu’p; djus ds fy, eghus esa fdrus fnu nsg /kkj.k lqlã gksrk gS] vkSj fdrus fnu d”Vizn&nhokj ij ;g

x.kuk djrkA izfrfnu chekjh ;k ihM+k gksus ij vFkok fnu Bhd chrk rks mls nhokj ij ntZ djrkA ,sls gh nks eghus O;rhr gq,A

mlds ckn tksM+kA ns[kk rks lkB fnuksa esa ianzg&,d fnu LokLF; bruk Bhd Fkk fd ftthfo”kk tkx mBrhA rks fQj vHkh rd lcdqN

nq%[ke; ugha gSA ianzg fnu rks ;g nsg lq[ke; gksrh gSA pyks] ns[k ysrs gSa dqN vkSj thdjA

ijarq bl rjg dsoy euksehukj ij dksbZ fuR; FkksM+s gh jg ldrk gS\ okLro dk xq:Ro mls [khapdj uhps ykrk gh gSA mlh rjg ,d

ckj [khaprs gq, ge e`R;q dh [kkbZ ds Nksj ij yVdrs jgsA :X.kky; esa vR;ar {kh.k out 15 ikSaM ij vk;k gqvk] isV esa vUu tkrk gh

ughaA risfnd ds y{k.k] ‘kjhj esa ges’kk gjkjr] dksbZ Hkh viuk fudV ugha] ml canh[kkus esa tgka gesa ‘k=qor~ ns[kk tkrk gS] vieku]

fujk’kk dh voLFkk esa fdlh ls izse Hkjs nks ‘kCn cksyus ij jksd&Vksd] rfud uhps mBus&cSBus ij ikcanhA ,slh voLFkk e s a gekjk LokLF;

bruk gn ls vf/kd fxj x;k fd bldk Hkh Hkjkslk ugha Fkk fd dc e`R;q dk >Vdk bruk gn ls vf/kd fxj x;k fd bldk Hkh Hkjkslk

ugha Fkk fd dc e`R;q dk >Vdk yxs vkSj thou dh Mksj VwV tk,A

rc ,slk izrhr gksrk Fkk fd vc bl :X.kky; eas gh e`R;q vk,xhA izfrfnu ckS}ksa ds ‘kwU;okn] Kkuokn] foKkuokn ls gsudsy gCkZVZ ds

^lCLVal* vkSj fodklokn rd ej.kksijkar dh lHkh miifŸk;ksa dh eu&gh&eu foospuk djds ns[krkA ehekalk ls ysdj ^fey* ds

mi;ksfxrkokn rd ^/keZ* vFkkZr~ drZO; deZ ds Lo:i ds Ågkiksg dk foospu djrkA ,sls gh ,d loZFkk {kh.k fnu thou ls vafre

fonkbZ ysus êj.kksUeq[k ‘k¸;k ij* ‘kh”kZd dfork fy[khA bldh jpuk djrs gq, lpeqp gh gesa vk’kk ugha Fkh fd ge mls i<+us ds fy,

Hkh thfor jgsaxsA

eSa tc baXySaM esa idM+k x;k rc Qkalh dh Nk;k esa êsjk e`R;qi=* vkSj Qkalh dk naM fn;k tkuk ftl fnu laHko Fkk] ml fnu îgyh

fd’r* dfork dh jpuk dh FkhA mlds Ik’pkr~ e`R;q dh ngyht ij [kM+s jgdj mlls nks ‘kCn laokn lk/kus dk izlax bl êj.kksUeq[k

‘k¸;k ij* rhljh dfork esa vk;k FkkA ;s rhuksa dfork,a Êcho from the Andaman* iqLrd esa izdkf’kr gks pqdh gSA¹78

rhuksa ca/kqvksa dk Hkjr&feyki

bl o”kZ eq>s vkSj esjs ca/kq dks vius ifjokj ls feyus dh vuqefr vkf[kjdkj fey xbZA vaneku esa vU; dSnh ikap o”kksZa esa vius

?kj&ifjokj ds yksxksa dks cqykdj ,d&nks vkSj dHkh g¶rksa muds lkFk jg ldrs FksA gesa ;g lqfo/kk vkB o”kksZa ckn

78

vc ;s lkjh dfork,a ^lkojdj lexz&] [kaM&7 esa miyC/k gSaA

373

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izkIr gqbZ] og Hkh <sj lkjs frdM+e djus ds cknA ,d ckj rks esjs vuqt vuqefr izkIr djds esjh iRuh ds lkFk dydŸkk vkus ds fy,

rS;kj gks x, Fks fd iqu% vuqefr jn~n djus dk rkj igaqp x;kA ;gh fueZe fBBksyh lrr py jgh FkhA cacbZ ljdkj ls iwNsa rks og

fy[krh] iksVZ Cysvj ls iwfN,A vkSj iksVZ Cysvj ds dfe’uj ls iwNrs rks os fy[krs] fganqLFkku ljdkj ls iwfN,A fganqLFkku ljdkj ls iwNk

tk, rks og dgrh] ;g leL;k cacbZ ljdkj ds vuqjks/k] flQkfj’k ij fuHkZj djrh gSA bl rjg pyrs pyrs lu~ 1918&19 esa HksaV

gks ikbZA og Hkh dkjkxkj esa vU; yksxksa dh rjg lkFk jguk rks nwj] flQZ lkFk cSBuk vkSj og Hkh Ik;Zos{kd ds lkeusA ml ij bl Hk;

ls fd u tkus dksbZ Økafrdkjh “kM~;a= rks ugha jpk tk jgk gS] ,d le>nkj okWMZj dks fNik;k x;kA ,slh voLFkk esa vkB o”kksZa ds Ik’pkr~

eSa vius vuqt] NksVh HkkSth rFkk /keZiRuh ls feykA dfu”B ca/kq dk lqn`<+ LokLF; ns[kdj eq>s larks”k gqvkA

ml HksaV dk ;FkklaHko vf/kd&ls&vf/kd vkuan mBkus ds fy, ge vrhr] orZeku rFkk Hkfo”; dh lkjh fpark,a ,oa nq%[k&Le`fr;ka cykr ~

àn; dh rygVh esa nckdj ?kaVk&Ms<+ ?kaVk rd lgtrkiwoZd cfr;krs jgs] ekuks fufoZ/u :i ls laiUu fookg ds Ik’pkr~ yXu&eaMi esa

cSBdj galrs&galrs ckrsa dj jgs gSaA ijarq esjh HkkHkh] esjs T;s”B ca/kq dh iRuh] og D;ksa ugha vkbZ\ jktuhfrd ladV dky esa ftlds

dk sey da/kksa ij gekjs iwjs ifjokj ds nq%[k dk Hkkjh cks> iM+k vkSj ftlus mls vR;f/kd /khjt rFkk ,dfu”B Hkko ls lgu fd;k] og

esjh ckyl[kh] eerke;h eka] jktuhfr dh vR;ar fo’oluh; lg;ksfxuh] esjh vkSj vius fuokZflr ifr ls HksaV ds fy, lkr cjlksa ls

ftlus lrr iydsa fcNkbZ Fkh] vc ,su ekSds ij feyus ds fy, D;ksa ugha vkbZ\ flQZ blhfy,] D;ksafd cjlkas ls ml HksaV dh jkg ij

vius nhid dh ckrh mdlkdj VdVdh yxk, mlds os oRly fojgkdqy us= vius thounhi dk vk’kke; rsy rFkk thou&T;ksfr lekIr

gksus ds dkj.k ,su le; ij can gks x,A Lojk”Vª ds dY;k.kkFkZ tyk, x, fojg ds vfXudqaM esa dq<+rh] tyrh] flldrh var eas vkt

og HkLe gks xbZ vkSj dy vaneku esa vius ifr ls feyus tkus dks vf/kdkfj;ksa dk og vuqefrlwpd n;ke; rkj vk x;kA

ca/kq us ;g okŸkkZ dgh vkSj geus pqipki mls ipk fy;k] tSls gykgy dk ,d ?kwaVA izR;qr ;gh dgk] ;g fo’o ifjorZ’khy gS]

,d&u&,d fnu la;qDr dk fo;ksx gksxk gh gksxkA bZ’oj dk ;g cM+k midkj gS fd vkt rd mlus lkFk jgus fn;k] vc iqu% vius

thou&ukV~; dk mŸkjjax vkjaHk gksusokyk gSA vc dF; ls bl rjg ,d&,d pfj= fudy tk,xk] ;g n`’; jaxeap ls blh rjg

frjksfgr

374

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gksxkA vkSj bl vn`’; ds jaxeap ij\ ;g ns[kks] ckck dh iqutZUe ij furkar J}k gS] fu”Bk gSA vr% mudh fu”Bk ds vuqlkj fdafpr

ugha] izk;% fu’p;iwoZd HkkHkh dh vkRek bl le; lw{; :i ls vius bl ikfjokfjd lEesyu esa lekfo”V gqbZ gksxh] lcdqN lqu jgh

gksxhA vPNk] gekjs tSls fdlh dh ml ij mruh fua’’kad fu”Bk u gks rks ckr lekIr gks xbZA og ohjkaxuk /kjkrhFkZ ij gh foJke ysrh

gS tks jk”Vª&fgrk; j.kHkwfe esa ohjksa ds tq>rs le; mUgsa izksRlkfgr djrh&djrh ladV dh /kkj ls dkVh tkrh gS vkSj /kjk’kk;h gksrh

gS&vFkkZr~ leLr nq%[kksa ls] d”Vksa ls eqDr gksrh gS] tSls vfXu’kykdk ns[krs&ns[krs feV tkrh gS] eqDr gksrh gS] lq[k&nq%[kkrhr gksrh gSA

vr% mlds fy, ‘kksdlarIr gksuk vdkj.k gS] O;FkZ gSA ge mls ij ugha dj lds] cl mruk gh nq%[k djuk dr ZO; gSA bruk dgrs gq,

og fo”k; NksM+ fn;k vkSj jk”Vªh; rFkk /kkfeZd] ikfjokfjd] fouksn laHkkj.k fu/kkZfjr le; dh d{kk esa ftruk vf/kd Hkj ldrs] mruk

Hkj fn;kA ,d ?kaVs esa bruh ckrsa djus dh ‘kfDr esjs tSls ckrwuh] xIihnkl ds Hkkx esa Hkh dnkfpr~ gh vkbZ gksxhA ge f=oxZ ca/kqvksa dk

;g feyki ckjg cjlksa ckn gqvkA igyk lu~ 1906 esa tc cacbZ ls foyk;r x;k rc tgkt ?kkV ij rhuksa [kM+s Fks] mlds Ik’pkr~ vkt

vaneku ds dkjkxkj esa iqu% feys gSa lu~ 1919 esa( vkSj og Hkh bl ‘krZ ij fd dsoy ,d ?kaVk gh HksaV gksxhA

eq>s viuh iRuh ls Hkh vk/k&,d ?kaVs ds fy, ,dkar esa ckrsa djus dh vuqefr izkIr gks xbZ FkhA rqjar esjs ca/kq vkSj vU; ifjokjokyksa

dks iksVZ Cysvj ls ukS;ku ij lokj djk;k x;kA lIrkg Hkj Hkh }hi ns[kus ds fy, ;gka ugha jgus fn;kA Mj Fkk fd dgha Vksg ysdj

esjh eqfDr ds fy, dksbZ ukSdk ;k gokbZ tgkt Hkstus dk O;wg u jpk,aA esjs ca/kq ds vkxeu ls iwjs mifuos’k esa luluh Qsy xbZ Fkh]

lHkh muds n’kZukFkZ mRlqd Fks] ijarq dksbZ Hkh muls fey ugha ldrk FkkA rFkkfi bl Hkkoqd] lqcq} cafn;ksa esa ls dbZ ml ikcanh dh

ijokg u djrs gq, muls feyus x, vkSj lLusg mUgsa Qy&Qwyksa ds migkj nsus esa Hkh ugha ldidk,A

fodkj vkSj foosd dk }a}

os yksx x,A Toj esa rirs&rM+irs tSls fdlh jkr iy Hkj ds fy, vka[k yx tk,] dksbZ e/kqj liuk fn[ks vkSj iy Hkj esa iqu% vka[k

[kqyus ij ml :X.k ‘k¸;k ij Lo;a rM+irk&NviVkrk jgs] Bhd mlh rjg ml ikaposa uacj dh rhu eaftyh bekjr dh rhljh eafty ij

eSa iqu% canhoku cudj iM+k jgkA vc gesa :X.kky; ls ;gka can fd;k x;k FkkA loZFkk ,dkarA ijarq lkeus lkxj vkSj vkdk’k( vkSj

ml leqnz esa jkl

375

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Ukked og }hi Li”V fn[krk FkkA ,slh dksBjh] ftlls eqDr ok;q cgrh vkSj eqDr n`’; fn[krs] vkt rd gesa ugha feyh FkhA ml ij Hkh

bekjr ds cjkens esa ge ?kwe&fQj ldrs FksA vr% eSa ml jkl dk lkSan;Z fugkjrk jgrkA efLr”d esa fopkjksa dk pØ lrr ?kwerk jgrkA

cM+k d”V gksrk] dHkh&dHkh fodkj fonzksg ij mrjrsA loZFkk vfu;af=r gksdj ,slk fonzksg gks tkrk tks foosd dks flagklu ls mBkdj Qsad

nsrkA rc iy Hkj ds fy, fodkjk s a ds lkeus ?kqVus Vsds fcuk mUgsa fu%’ks”k djus dk vU; ekxZ ugha fn[krkA fQj ml va/ksj[kkrs esa vkil

esa la?k”kZ gksrs vkSj ijLij cfy gksrs ns[k ge iqu% vius gkFkksa jkT; dh ckxMksj laHkkyrs vkSj ,d&,d dks c} djrs foosd ds LFkku ij

mldh iquLFkkZiuk djrsA eu mudh pisV esa u vk tk,] blfy, tku&cw>dj loZFkk ux.; ckrsa] tSls daikmaM esa ?kkl pjrs pkSik,]

mM+rs vkSj xjhxksyksa dks ywVus ds fy, dwV;q} dk ukVd djrs dkS, vFkok ^jkl* dh vksj tk jgh ukSdkvksa dks fugkjrs gq, viuk

euksjatu djrsA dkjkxkj esa ,dkar ds vfrjsd ls eu bruk vareqZ[k gksrk gS fd mls cykr~ ckgj <dsyus ls Hkh cfgeqZ[k ugha gksrkA

ckgjh ckrksa esa O;Lr jgus dk vH;kl gh NwV tkrk gSA mls ckj&ckj ogh iqjkus fopkj ?kksyrs jgus dh HkaxsfM+;ksa tSlh vknr yxrh tkrh

gSA

ml ij nqcZyrko’k i<+uk vlaHko gks jgk Fkk] fQj xaHkhj fopkjksa vkSj /;ku&/kkj.kfn vH;kl dk uke gh er yhft,A lkeus Qsys ml

jRukdj dh vksj ns[krs&ns[krs vkSj mldh ygjksa tSlh fpŸko`fŸk;ksa dks ,d&,d esa foyhu djrs gq, dHkh >V ls eu ml lkxj dh

xgjkbZ dh rjg fdlh vFkkg xaHkhj xgjkbZ esa vn`’; gksdj vpkud fpŸk /;kuLFk gks tkrk] dHkh ml lkxj esa fdlh laiqV esa tM+s ghjs

dh rjg ‘kksHkk;eku ml NksVs ls ^jkl* }hi ds chpkschp Åapk [kM+k og ppZ vkSj vkdk’k dh vksj funsZ’k djrk rtZuhor~ [kM+k f’k[kj

ns[kdj vpkud mlh rjg ,dkxz gksdj vkdk’k fLFkr ml ije firk ds Le`fr&Li’kZ ls eu eqX/k gksrkA ijarq bl xaHkhj ,dkxzrk vFkok

ml fo’kky eqX/krk dk ,dkafrd vkosx ml fucZy rFkk rkfŸod nqcZyrko’k iaxq eu dks rFkk eTtkrarqvksa dks vlguh; gksrkA ,sls /;ku

ds Ik’pkr~ vFkok fopkjksa dk vkosx ?kVrs gh flj nnZ vkjaHk gk srkA eTtkrarqvksa rFkk Kkurarqvksa ij Hkkjh izrhr gksdj ruko&nqcZyrk gh

vuqHko gh gksrh] vr% ml vkuan ls Hkh oafpr gksuk iM+rkA ,slh voLFkk eas Hkxoku cq} dk Lej.k gksrkA ml miks”k.k ds Ik’pkr~

ewfPNZrkoLFkk ls mBrs gh /;ku’kfDr] ‘kkjhfjd ‘kfDr mUgsa izFke laiknu djuh iM+hA feljh] eD[ku] [khj] ekxZ esa tks Hkh feyk] mls eqag

esa Mkyrs gq, mUgsa izFke vu’ku ls {kh.k cuh nsg LFkwy djuh iM+hA fQj brjtuksa dk D;k dguk! ,slh voLFkk esa i<+uk oftZr] fopkj

oftZr] /;ku oftZr] /kkj.kk oftZr vkSj xaHkhjrk nqcZyrko’k

376

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


oftZr rks lfyyrk dkjkxkjh; Øwjrko’k oftZrA u lkFk] u dsfy] u laxr] u ØhM+k! cl lkeus fLFkr MkWDVj dh eqjfx;ka] muds pwts]

ePNj vkSj i{kh a aa A

eaMu feJ dh dksBjh

gka] iafN;ksa dk uke ysrs gh ,d lq[kn vuqHko dk Lej.k u djuk d`r?urk gksxhA og vkuan gS mu cqycyksa dk euksjatuA vanekuh

cqycqy cM+s lqanj] uUgsa ls] lqMkSy ,oa piy gksrs gSaA vgk! Mudk og lqjhyk e/kqj dwtu! Fdrus pqycqys] fdrus papy! Muds

>qaM&ds&>qaM ukfj;y dh xfj;ksa ij ,sls VwV iM+rs fd cl esjh bekjr ds lkeus pgpgkrs jgrsA xaHkhj fopkj lgu u gksus ij eSa gBkr~

fpŸk dks gydh&Qqydh ckrksa esa fj>kus yxrkA rc ;s pqycqys] papy] pgdrs cqycqy esjs fpŸk dks fj>krsA mudh vkSj eSuk dh Hkk”kk Hkh

eq>s voxr gksus yxhA eSuk dh Hkk”kk ds fofHkUu nl&ianzg Loj vFkkZr~ ‘kCn eSa lgh&lgh igpkurkA dksBjh esa og ‘kCn lqurs gh eSa

lgh&lgh igpku ysrkA ckgj os bl rjg lksp jgs gSaA muds ljy fuea=.k] yqdk&fNih dh Hkk”kk] rRdky dk cqykok] Hk; lwpuk] lq[k

xhfr] jfr Hkhfr] f’k’kq xhfr] NkSuksa dks cqykuk] izhre dks cqykuk] ;q} iwoZ vafreksŸkj ¼ultimatums½ pqukSfr;ka] j.k&xtZuk,a vkfn

izlaxksa&ik= fofHkUu Loj rFkk ‘kCn loZFkk Hkk”kkor~ fuf’pr gksrs vkSj ml Hkk”kk ds O;kdj.k esa eSa laiw.kZ O;qRiUu gks x;k FkkA ij muds

fy, esjh Hkk”kk lh[kuk vlaHko Fkk] D;ksafd i{khikyu dkjkxkjh; vijk/k Fkk] vU;Fkk eSa viuh dksBjh esa mUgsa lgtrk ls ikyrkA ;fn eSa

;g dj ldrk rks eSa mUgsa jk”Vªizhrh ds xhr fl[kkrkA vkSj fQj ftl rjg ‘kadjkpk;Z eaMu feJ dk ?kj iwNrs x, rc yksxksa us

vfHkeku ds lkFk dgk fd ^ftuds }kj ds vkxs ‘kqd vkSj eSuk osnkar ppkZ djrs gSa] * ¼tkuhfg rUeaMufeJxsge~½ mlh rjg ;fn esjh

dksBjh ds laca/k esa iwNrkN djus dksbZ u;k cqycqy fganqLFkku dh Lok/khurk ds xhr xkrs gSaA ^tkuhfg rUoMufeJ d{ke~]* og ml eaMu

feJ dh] fonzksgh dh dksBjh gSA

dkSvksa dh eq>ls cgqr ?kqVus yxh FkhA m/kj ,d ckj esjh lEefr ls ,d eqlyeku canh us pksjh&pksjh ,d dkSvk ikykA ij nks&pkj fnuksa

ds Ik’pkr~ eSaus ns[kk fd og dkSvk czãh yksxksa dh lCth ds dke vkus dk ;ksx cu jgk gSA D;ksafd ml dkjkxkj esa cjlksa ls vU; fdlh

dk Hkh ekal Hk{k.k djuk vlaHko gksus ds dkj.k lkfe”kHkksth czãh yksx vkSj dqN eqlyeku dkSvksa dks idM+dj] mUgsa ekj vkSj mldk

ekal dj[kkus dh vkx esa Hkwudj [kkrsA bruk gh ugha] vfirq ml Hkqus gq, ekal dh ,d cksVh ij ,d vkuk vFkok rackdw ds pkj iŸks

ds Hkko ls vkil esa Ø; foØ;

377

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Hkh djrsA ml eqlyeku canh us Hkh blh gsrq ls dkSvk ikyk FkkA eq>s lansg gksus ds nwljs fnu gh mlus uhps jgusokys czãh yksxksa dks

nsdj mldh lCth Hkh cuk MkyhA

dkO; jpuk can

eSa tc igys&igy dkjkxkj eas vk;k rc blh izdkj dM+s ,dkar esa can FkkA ijarq ml le; dkO; jpus esa esjk le; chrrk FkkA vkB

cjlksa ds Ik’pkr~ Hkh esjs lkFkh canh ckgj Lora= :i ls ?kwers&fQjrs] nl yksxksa ij viuk jksc tekrs] lkis{kr% cgqrsjh euekuh djrs

jgrs] rc Hkh eSa mlh rjg dBksj ,dkar esa can FkkA ijarq vc le; fcrkus ds fy, dkO; jpuk djus dh ‘kfDr Hkh ‘ks”k ugha jghA

izFker% naM izkIr gksus ds Ik’pkr~ ;g ns[kdj fd vaneku esa laxBu vkSj izpkj dk;Z gkFk esa ysuk laHko gS] eSaus dkO; jpuk ds fu’p;

dks dqN fnuksa ds fy, LFkfxr dj fn;k Fkk] mlds Ik’pkr~ raf=dk ¼ukfM+;kas½ dh nqcZyrko’k og dke yxHkx NksM+ gh nsuk iM+kA tks

gtkj&Ms<+ gtkj dfork,a gks xbZ Fkh] mUgsa daBLFk djus esa gh dfBukbZ gksus yxh] fQj uo&jpuk rks nwj gh jghA izfr lIrkg dqN nsj

mUgsa nksgjkuk] ftUgsa igys daBLFk fd;k FkkA ,d ckj eSaus bl rjg x.kuk dh fd ;fn eSa lrr ml canh’kkyk esa fojfpr dfork,a xkus

yxwa rks izkr%dky ls vkjaHk dj laiw.kZ fnol vkSj laiw.kZ jkf=] Hkkstu dk dqN le; NksM+dj] lrr xk ldrk gwaA bruh dkO; jpuk,a gks

xbZ FkhA og lkjh daBLFk Hkh FkhA ijarq blh nqcZyrk ds dkj.k ml chekjh ds o”kZ&nks o”kksZa esa Le`fr dh Nyuh ls fdruh lkjh dfork,a

iBukHkko esa fudy xbZA

bl rjg ,dkar dkydksBjh ;|fi bruh d”Vizn vkSj dBksj Fkh] fQj Hkh mlls esjs dkjkxkjh; lkoZtfud vkanksyu can ugha gq, FksA

fdlh&u&fdlh ekxZ ls ‘kqf}] laxBu] f’k{kk rFkk jktuhfrd tkx`fr vkfn mikaxksa ds vkanksyu iwjs mifuos’k esa Qsy gh jgs FksA

bl ,dkar bekjr esa Hkh bl rhljs ry ij vkdj dkjkxkjh; vf/kdkfj;ksa dk dksiHkktu cudj izlaxo’k gFkdfM+;ksa esa [kM+s jgus dks n aM

lgdj Hkh ftu cafn;ksa&jktuhfrd ,ao lk/kkj.k&us eq>ls feyuk vkSj esjh lsok djuk ugha NksM+k] ;gka mudk vkHkkj izdV fd, fcuk

ugha jgk tkrkA

eSaus ihNs Hkh mYys[k fd;k gS fd ml ikaposa uacj dh bekjr eas rhljs ry ij eq>s j[kus ds ihNs ,d mn~ns’; Fkk fd lkeus Qsys gq,

lkxj dh eqDr ,oa fo’kq} gok dk eSa Hkjiwj lsou dj ldawA blh dkj.ko’k rFkk fo’ks”kr% bu nks o”kksZa esa bl izdkj ej.kksUeq[k ‘k¸;k ij

fpid tkus ij eq>s LokLF;izn vUu fn, tkus ls esjk LokLF; /khjs&/khjs lq/kjus yxkA FkksM+k&cgqr vUu ikpu gksus yxk vkSj Toj] out

?kVuk vkfn

378

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


rsifnd ds iwoZ fpâ lekIr gksus yxsA yxHkx Ms<+&nks o”kkasZ ds I’pkr~ eSa og ej.kksUeq[k ‘k¸;k lesV ldkA

ckck dk nq%[kn n’kZu

eSaus viuh ej.kksUeq[k ‘k¸;k lesVh gh Fkh fd mls iqu% fcNkuk iM+k&og Hkh vius T;s”B ca/kq ds fy,] D;ksafd mudk LokLF; fxjrs&fxjrs

esjk LokLF; lq/kjus ds laf/kdky rd laiw.kZ fxj x;kA ml ij Hkh nq%[k dh ckr ;g fd var rd mudh O;oLFkk Bhd ugha j[kh xbZA

esjh n`f”V ds lkeus vHkh rd og nq%[kn n`’; fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS&dkys dacy dk dksV igus gq,] fiŸkk’k; fcxM+us ls vR;f/kd osnuk ls

ihfM+r >qds gq, ckck :X.kky; dh vksj tk jgs gSa&ogka ,d m}r rFkk f?kukSuk Hkkjrh; enzklh esfMdy vflLVsaV vka[ksa rjsjdj twrs

iVddj muls rfud [khapkrkuh djrs gq, dgrk gS] ^dgka nq%[k jgk gS\ b/kj rks dqN Hkh ughaA lkjh caMyckth gSA* vkSj bl vieku

ls f[kUu] mldk izfrokn djus ds fy,&iqu% :X.kky; ugha tkÅaxk] pkgs dqN Hkh gks tk,&;g fu’p; djrk gqvk og d”VHkksxh ns’kizseh]

dacy dk dkyk dksV igus] [kkalh dh vfojy <kal ls] ftls lHkh risfnd dk y{k.k le>rs Fks] ihfM+r&djkgrs g, viuh dksBjh dh

vksj tk jgk gSA ml enzklh ds m}r O;ogkj ij mlds dku mesBs x,A Ik;Zos{kd us Hkh risfnd dh vk’kadk esa HkkbZ ds Fkwd dh tkap

dhA var esa ^pkykdh* ds uke ij tks chekjh gn rd c<+ xbZ Fkh] ,d fuHkhZd ofj”B MkWDVj us&ftls fganqLFkku ls lksn~ns’; ;gka dh

voLFkk eas lq/kkj ykus ds fy, Hkstk x;k Fkk&mudh jh<+ dh gM~Mh esa risfnd dk nkx <wa<+ fudkyk vkSj ;g fl} gks x;k fd mUgsa

risfnd dh chekjh yx xbZ gSA rFkkfi tc rd os vaneku esa Fks] rc rd muds LokLF; dh ns[kHkky Bhd&Bkd ugha gks jgh FkhA [kkalh

bruh tksj ls vkrh fd os ,d bekjr esa ;fn [kkalus yxrs rks iM+ksl dh nksuksa bekjrksa esa ml tkuysok lw[kh [kkalh dks lquusokyk ?kcjk

tkrkA muds izk.k mM+us yxrs] ,slk yxrk fd ne?kqVh gks jgh gS] fQj Hkh [kkalh ugha :drhA ,slh [kkalh] izfrfnu 100ñ ls 102ñ rd

Toj] fiŸkk’k; esa bruh rhoz ihM+k fd lh/kk [kM+k jguk Hkh dfBUkA vfrlkj dk f?kukSuk d”V&bu lkjs d”Vksa dks >syrs gq, ml deZohj

us vaneku esa vafre Ms<+ o”kZ fcrk;ka

ml Ms<+ o”kZ esa lkS&Ms<+ lkS jktcanh] tks vktUe dkjkokl dk naM ysdj vk, Fks] pkj&ikap lkS pksj] Mkdw] gR;kjs vkfn lk/kkj.k canh]

ftuesa ls fdlh&fdlh us ,d o”kZ Hkh naM ugha Hkqxrk Fkk] fQj Hkh fot;ksRlo rFkk jkt{kek ds ¼ftldk vkxs pydj ge mYYks[k djus

okys gSa½ dkj.k cjh fd, x,A ijarq bl jksxttZj jktcanh

379

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dks] tks nl o”kksaZ ls bl ;a=uk esa lM+ jgk gS vkSj var esa jkt{kek ftlds thou dh cksVh&cksVh uksp jgk Fkk] ml jk”Vªh; canh dks cjh

ugha fd;k x;kA

vkSj fof/k ¼dk;ns&dkuwu½ dh Hkk”kk esa dguk gks rks mu ij bl Hk;adj dksi ds fy, tks egku~ vijk/k fl} gks x;k Fkk] og ;g fd

mUgksaus nl iUuksa dh ,d iqfLrdk izfl} dh Fkh] blfy, vktUe dkjkokl( vkSj nwljk vijk/k ;g fd os esjs ca/kq Fks] vr% risfnd gksus

ij eqfDr ughaA

rFkkfi ml d”VHkksxh deZohj d vkRefo’okl] rŸofu”Bk vFkok /kS;Z eas jŸkh Hkj Hkh deh ugha vkbZA e`R;q Hkh ekxZ jksdus yxh] rc Hkh

fuf’pr ekxZ ls fry Hkj Hkh os Vys ughaA

;g gS vaneku dk o`ŸkkarA ogka ls fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkj okil ykus ds Ik’pkr~ muds HkkX; esa tks d”V fy[ks Fks] muds lkeus vaneku

‘kkjhfjd d”V rFkk ekufld ;a=uk,a dqN Hkh ugha FkhA mudk lkeuk vkxs pydj mUgsa djuk gh FkkA

380

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&7

iatkc rFkk xqtjkr esa naxs

fu;ekuqlkj nafMr lSfud jktcafn;ksa dk vkxeu

vkSj dkjkxkjh; vk;ksx ¼tsy deh’ku½

ds lEeq[k oDrO;

egk;q} dh lekfIr ds Ik’pkr~ mldh izfrfØ;k lekIr gksrs&us&gksrs lu~ 1919 esa iatkc] vgenkckn] fnYyh] ohjexkao vkfn Lfkkuksa ij

gq, naxs&Qlknksa ds lekpkj vaneku igqap x,A gesa og cM+ ljkguh; izrhr gqvkA egk;q} dh /kka/kyh esa tkxfrd egku~ Økafr dh

ckjkr fudy tkus ij ihNs efD[k;ka mM+krs iM+k gqvk ;g fuc} Hkkjrh; VV~Vw gkFk&ikao ekjrs gq, vc mBuk pkgrk gSA ihNs&ihNs os

jktcanh Hkh igqap x,] tks iatkc rFkk xqtjkr ds lSfudksa ls nafMr ¼Martial law Convicts½ fd, x, FksA vaneku esa vHkh rd

jktuhfr ds dkj.k naM izkIr eqlyeku jktcanh ugha vk, FksA bu lSfud nafMr&cafn;ksa esa FkksM+s&cgqr eqlyeku jktcanh Hkh FksA mu lHkh

dks vktUe dkjkokl ls ysdj nks o”kksZa ds dBksj ifjJe ds naM fn, x, FksA

lu~ 1911 esa ftl ukS;ku ij lokj djkds eq>s vaneku yk;k x;k Fkk] mlh ij lokj ,d lk/kkj.k canh ls ckr djrs gq, eSaus dgk

Fkk] ;g Bhd gS fd rqe yksx blfy, nq%[kh gks jgs gks fd eSa vdsyk jktcanh dkjkokl ij tk jgk gwaA ijarq ?kj&ckj dk Lons’kkFkZ gkse

djds tc ek= jktcafn;ksa ls BlkBl Hkjs ukS;ku vaneku esa vkoktkgh djus yxsaxs] rc dgha ;g fl} gksus yxsxk fd vc Lons’k esa

viuh eupkgh oLrq ikus dh {kerk vk xbZ gSA vktUe dkjkokl izkIr jktcafn;ksa dh la[;k fganqLFkku dh thoarrk dh m”.krk ekiusokyk

^rkiekih* ¼Thermometer½gSA bu ‘kCnksa dk eq>s rc Lej.k gqvk] D;ksafd os nksuksa ukS;ku jktcafn;ksa ls yxHkx Hkjdj gh vk, gq, FksA

vc ml dkjkxkj esa de&ls&de nks lkS rd jktcanh ,df=r gks x, FksA vf/kdrj

381

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


lHkh nl o”kZ vFkok vktUe dkjkokl] leku Hk;adj naM ls naafMr] fQj Hkh lHkh ml naM dks drZO; Hkkouk ls mUur eLrd] ruh Nkrh

ls /kS;ZiwoZd lg jgs FksA esjs vkus ls nl o”kksaZ ds nkSjku rkiekih dk ikjk bruk Åij p<+ x;k FkkA ,d&Ms<+ o”kZ dk naM gks tkus ij

ftl fganqLFkku eas ml ns’kHkDr dks gqrkRek le>k tkrk Fkk] mlh fganqLFkku esa lSdM+ksa yksx vktUe dkjkokl esa tkus ds fy, jŸkh Hkj Hkh

ugha fgpfdpkrs vkSj ;g ?kVuk bruh vkbZ&xbZ gksrh gS fd muds uke Hkh yksxksa dks ;kn ugha jgrs] vkSj ,d vFkok Ms<++] bldh x.kuk

rks eqfDr esa gh gksus yxhA NwVk cspkjk veqd] ^dsoy nks o”kZ canhA*

bruk dqN gksus ij Hkh] lk/; izkIr djuk gS rks vkSj cgqr dqN gksuk pkfg,A fdrus lkjs d”Vksa dk ewY; vHkh ukidj nsuk gksxk] rc

tkdj dgha dlj iwjh gksxhA

ns’kHkfDr vkSj cqf} cy

ns’kHkfDr ds lkFk&lkFk O;fDr esa cqf}cy Hkh gksuk pkfg,A bl rjg ds fopkj eSa lkIrkfgd xks”Bh rFkk O;fDrxr ppkZ esa lrr iznf’k Zr

djrk jgrk FkkA mlls d”V lgus dh rS;kjh rFkk /kkkj.kk vf/kd mRiUUk gksrh gSA Je dk ifjgkj gks tkrk gS rFkk fujk’kk ds ckny NaV

tkrs gSaA bu uokxr jktcafn;ksa esa izk;% lHkh xzkeh.k tu FksA vf/kdrj iwjs vf’f{kr] ijarq ns’kHkfDr ls oafpr ugha FksA vpkud esjs gkFk

[ktkuk yx x;k] eq>s ,slk yxkA eSa muesa ls izR;sd O;fDr ls izkFkZuk djus yxk fd LokHkkfod ns’kHkfDr rks vki esa Fkh] ijarq ns’kHkfDr

dks ckSf}drk dk cy izkIr ugha Fkk] mls vc mikftZr djus dk volj er [kksukA ;g ukyank ¼fcgkj½ dk fo’ofo|ky; gSA Kku vkSj

ri dh lk/kuk vkjaHk dhft,A eSaus rFkk esjs lkfFk;ksa us jktcanh cudj vk, bu ialkjh] nqdkunkj vkSj dk’rdkjksa dks ^v] vk* ls

i<+kuk vkjaHk fd;kA izR;sd uacj dh cSjd ls gekjh laLFkk ds rŸokuqlkj gekjs lnL;ksa us ogh Øe cuk, j[kkA mu cafn;ksa esa ,sls dbZ

yksx Fks] ftUgksaus esjk uke lqu j[kk FkkA muij esjk lgt izHkko gks tkrkA muesa ls ,d us eq>ls dgk] blls iwoZ esjs iatkch ca/kqvksa esa

ls ,d&nks tuksa us Hkh ogh dgk Fkk&vkids vaneku vkus ds ckn vesfjdk ls vkusokys ty;kuksa ij ;fn Hkkjrh; lokj gksrs rks og

flaxkiqj ls vkxs ljdrs le;] muesa ls vusd yksx vaneku dh vksj eq[k djds mls iz.kke djrs] D;ksafd ;gka os canh ohj can Fks

ftUgksaus muds ns’k ds fy, la?k”kZ fd;k FkkA bl rjg

382

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dh ckrsa lquus ij gesa iwokZ/kZ esa xzafFkr fd, gq, mu okD;ksa dk Lej.k gksrk] ftudk vaneku esa vius izFke] f}rh; lIrkg esa mPpkj.k

fd;k FkkA^ vieku vkSj ykaNuksa ls rst&Hkax er gksus nsukA dHkh ,d fnu ,slk Hkh vk,xk& blh dkjkx`g esa rqe tSls jktykafNrksa dh

izfrek,a [kM+h dh tk,axhA* fujk’kk dh ewPNZuk ij dh xbZ dYiuk dh ml mŸkstd ek=k dh de&ls&de bruh rks pfjrkFkZrk gks xbZA

vanekuh; fuokZflrksa dks lkjs Hkjr[kaM us foLe`r ugha fd;k FkkA

mu jktcafn;ksa dks dsoy v{kj Kku gh ugha vfirq Hkwxksy] bfrgkl] vadxf.kr vkfn f’k{kk iznku djus dk /kwe&/kM+kdk py jgk FkkA

mlds vfrfjDr la/;k le; Hkkstuksijkar LkHkh cafn;ksa dks izkIr vodk’k ds le; vkSj jfookj dks chl&iPphl cafn;ksa ds lkFk cSBdj eSa

fganqLFkku dh jktuhfrd fLFkfr] lq/kkjksa dk vFkZ] fons’kh bfrgkl] vFkZ’kkL= ds ewyHkwr rŸo vkfn fo”k;ksa ij laokn djrk vkSj mUgsa rFkk

vU; cafn;ksa dks ckSf}d izf’k{k.k nsrkA mu fnuksa ml dkjkxkj esa jk”Vªh; f’k{kk dk dkQh /kwe&/kM+kdk FkkA iatkch jktcafn;ksa esa ls iqjkus

canh tc viuh ^xnj* if=dk ds Økafrdkjh fganh vkSj iatkch xhr xkrs] rc raMsy isVh vQljksa ds lkFk lHkh cafn;ksa ls Hkjh&iwjh bekjr

mu xhrksa dks lquus [kM+h jgrhA bruk gh ugha] gekjh bekjr esa dkj[kkus ds fy, yxs Vhu ds ‘ksM dh vkM+ esa QSyh gjh&Hkjh nwc ij

jktcanh la/;k le; dq’rh dk izf’k{k.k Hkh ysus yxs] D;ksafd uokxr jktcafn;ksa esa ,d&nks ukekafdr igyoku Hkh vk, gq, FksA

cu x, taVyeSu

ml dky esa mUgsa f’k{kk nsrs le; dHkh&dHkh cM+k d”V gksrk] dHkh&dHkh cM+k dkSrqd yxrkA xqtjkrh jktcafn;ksa esa ,d eqlyeku dks

xqtjkrh fl[kkus ds fy, rackdw nsdj o’k esa djuk iM+kA ,d iatkch czkã.k BsB xkao dk Fkk] ijarq iDdk yckjA iatkc ds naxksa esa idM+k

x;k FkkA mls i<+kus ds fy, gesa u dsoy rackdw nsuh iM+rh] vfirq dHkh&dHkh :X.kky; ds Hkkstu esa ls nw/k dk Hkksx Hkh p<+kuk iM+rk]

fQj Hkh Jheku gekjs vkus dh vkgV ikrs gh dsoy tksj&tksj ls ?kksVk yxkrsA vk;q ipkl ls Åij gekjs vkus dh vkgV ikrs gh dsoy

tksj&tksj ls ?kksVk yxkrsA vk;q ipkl ls Åij gks pqdh Fkh] ijarq Fks vorkjh! cPpksa tSlh ‘kjkjrsa djrsA fdlh fnu geus le; ij

rackdw ugha nh rks viuh LysV fNikdj dgrs] ^[kks xbZA* bldh Vksg ysrs gq, fd ge yksx vkl&ikl ugha gS] mUgksaus ge ij ,d etsnkj

xhr dh jpuk dh] ^cu x, taVyeSu] cu x, ckcwthA* mls lqudj gesa dkSrqd yxrk vkSj fQj og xhr vius lkeus xokus ds fy,

mls vkSj ,d pqVdh rackdw nsuk iM+rhA vU; jktcanh gels cjkcjh djus ds fy, mls ?kqM+fd;ka nsus yxsA fQj ge chp esa

383

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


iM+dj mls NqM+krsA mldk og xhr ^cu x, ckcw taVyeSu] cu x, ckcwth* vkt Hkh ge dHkh&dHkh cM+s pko ls xquxukrs gSaA

LysV] isafly vkSj vadfyfi;ksa ds lkFk mu jktcafn;ksa ds ihNs&ihNs gesa fdruh ckj ?kweuk iM+rk] bldh dksbZ fxurh gh ughaA dqN yksx

bl cyk dks Vkyus ds fy, gels ckr djus ls Hkh drjkrsA ,d pkyhl o”khZ; xqtjkrh fdlku dks] ftldk uke ^thok* Fkk] geus

pkyhl ckj fxudj ckjg[kM+h nh FkhA og rek’kk ns[kdj jktcanh galrs&galrs yksViksV gk tkrsA ijarq blls Hkh etsnkj ckr ;g gqbZ fd

mls og ckjg[kM+h ;kn gks] ,sls Fks ;s vui<+] xaokja ijarq budk ân; ifo=] fueZy HkfDr;qDr ‘kq} FkkA dSlh mudh HkfDr vkSj fdruh

yhurk] muesa ls db;ksa dks naxs esas gqbZ xksyhckjh esa xksfy;ka yx pqdh FkhA ge cM+s xoZ ls mu ?kkoksa ds nkxksa ij gkFk Qsjdj mUgsa lgykrs

gq, dgrs] ^;s ns[kks] gekjs ohj lSfud vkSj ;s ns[kks] muds lEekulwpd rexsA ;s HkkM+s ds lqo.kZ indksa ls dgha vf/kd lEekuh; ekal ij

vafdr ind gSaA fdrus lPps gSa ;s rexs!*

Ckjh dh fuLi`grk

Dkjkxkj esa jktcanh cgqr mFky&iqFky epk jgs Fks( fdarq gkjs ckjh egk’k; xk;c Fks! jktcanh ;fn Åij ns[ks rks uhps ns[kks vkSj uhps ns[k

jgk gks rks Åij ns[kks] bl rjg fdlh&u&fdlh cgkus tks mUgsa uhpk fn[kkrk] xtZu djrk Fkk] iksVZ Cysvj dk og eR;Z bZ’oj dgka gS\

og mlh dkjkxkj esa Fkk] ijarq iksVZ Cysvj d s Bhd mlh ik”kk.k] ftlls ;fn dksbZ Vdjkus tk, rks mls pksV igqapkrk] ijarq Lo;a mBdj

fdlh ls Hkh ugha Vdjkus tkusokyk( ,d minzoghu ik”kk.k! bl o”kksZa dh fujarj p[kp[k ls Åcdj gM+rkysa] o`Ÿki=h; gYyk&xqYyk] viuh

‘kku [kksus dk nq%[k vkfn ls og =Lr gks pqdk FkkA vkSj ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa us Hkh Hkkjh fljtksj cus vkSj la[;k rFkk laxBu ls fujarj

c<+rs jktcafn;ksa ls ^rksck rsjh NkN ls] ij bu dqŸkksa ls NqM+k* ;g uhfr viukbZ FkhA gekjh ;g mFky&iqFky] tgka nks tuksa dk ckr

djuk vijk/k le>k tkrk] ogka iPphl tuksa dh lHkk&xks”Bh vkfn og lqu jgk FkkA ijarq isVh vQlj vkfn ls Li”V dgrk Fkk] ^esjs

dkuksa rd dksbZ Hkh f’kdk;r er vkus nksA esjs rFkk ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa ls lkeus mUgas bdV~Bk er cSBus nsuk] FkksM+k&FkksM+k dke djokvks

vkSj dksbZ ,slk&oSlk Hk;adj d`R; mUgsa er djus nsuk ftlls gaxkek [kM+k gksA cl] fQj djus nks mu ‘kSrkuksa dks viuh euekuhA rqe gh

lc laHkkyksA tkvksA*

ij teknkj ls ysdj isVh vQljksa rd] cafn;ksa esa ls gh cus vf/kdkjh] tks gekjh cjlksa dh izf’k{kko’k vc gekjs gh <jsZ ij pyus yxs

Fks] ,sls yksx bus&fxus

384

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gh Fks] tks Lo;a tkdj pqxyh ugha djrsA vr% izk;% lHkh ?kVuk,a ckjh rd u igqaprs gq, gh ?kVrh jghA bldk ,d mnkgj.k nsrk gwa]

tks bl ckr dk |ksrd gS fd fdl rjg vf/kdkfj;ksa esa laxBu rFkk jk”Vªh; fopkjksa ls izsfjr yksx gk srs FksA ,d xqtjkrh canh] tks [ksrh

ds fy, gR;k ds vijk/k esa nafMr gqvk Fkk] tc ls ge vk, rc ls gekjs fopkjksa ls izsfjr gqvk vkSj gekjk dV~Vj leFkZd cu x;kA

mlesa jk”Vªh; :ph bruh txh Fkh fd gM+rky tSls loZFkk dM+s cankscLr ds fnuksa esa Hkh og Lo;a dke djrkA tc og canh Fkk rc

ukfj;y ds xksys ds fNydksa esa jktcafn;ksa dh fpfê;ka fNikdj mUgsa ykus&igapkus dk dke djrkA vkxs pydj okWMZj cuus ds Ik’pkr~ og

dwM+k Hkjusokyh Vksyh dk eqf[k;k cu x;kA rc ls ge tks lekpkj&i= gj d{k esa Hkstrs] mls ogh mu Vksdfj;ksa esa ys tkrkA mlds bl

lkgl ls gekjs yksxksa esa mls ^Mkfd;k* dk miin izkIr gks x;k FkkA tc ckjh dk ‘kkludky dBksjrk dh pje lhek ij yjt&xjt jgk

Fkk vkSj tc isafly vFkok dkxt dk NksVk lk VqdM+k Hkh j[kuk&feyuk laHko ugha Fkk] rc ge ikuh ihrs&ihrs bZaV ds VqdM+s ls dVksjs

ij tks lekpkj ;k lans’k fy[krs] mu dVksjksa ds ;s egk’k; cM+h lgtrk ls b/kj ls m/kj dj nsrsA isM+ksa ds iŸks dwM+s esa Qsad t krsA bu

egk’k; ds ladsr ls gh ge mUgsa [kkysdj ns[krs] muesa dkaVksa ls dqjsns fdlh lekpkj ds nks ‘kCn gksrs tks ckgj ls vk;k gksrkA og Hkh

jŸkh Hkj Hkh lansg u gks] bruh lQkbZ ds lkFkA vkxs pydj og isM+ dkVk x;kA bl izdkj fuLi`grk ls jk”Vªh; Lo;a lsod la?k dk

dk;Z djds jktc afn;ksa vkSj ‘kqf}dj.k vkfn lkoZtfud vkanksyu ds fy, la?k”kZjr ml canh dh c<+rs&c<+rs ml le; rd teknkj ds :i

esa rjDdh fey xbZ FkhA mu Vksdfj;ksa ls iwoZ og Lo;a gekjs gh ikl ^v&vk* ls ‘kq: dj xqtjkrh lh[k x;k FkkA

teknkj gksus ij Hkh ftls ge dgrs] mls i<+us nsrk vkSj Lo;a Hkh i<+rkA gka b/kj&m/kj ns[krs gq,] D;ksafd okoZtfud ijksidkjh jk”Vªh;

izo`fŸk dks izksRlkfgr djuk djkxkjh; lafo/kku dh nq”Vrkiw.kZ uhfr ds vuqlkj naMuh; FkkA blh ls cgqrka’k esa ;g fl} gksrk gS fd og

cafn;ksa ds dke vkSj vU; vko’;d vuq’kklu dk fdruk ikyu djrk Fkk rFkk fdruk lPpk] fo’oluh; vkSj fuO;Zluh Fkk!

Økafrdkjh vkSj i{kh

Gekjh gh izf’k{kk esa iys yksx mifuos’k esa b/kj&m/kj dkjkx`gksa esa QSys gq, FksA blls Åcdj vf/kdkjhx.k tSls&rSls jktcafn;ks a dks ‘kkar

j[kus dh uhfr viukus

385

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ds fy, ck/; FksA bl dkj.k gekjk ckjh vc ,d e`r Tokykeq[kh dh rjg canh’kkyk ds ys[;ky; esa gkFk ij gkFk /kjs cSBk jgrk FkkA

vkBksa igj eqag esa yxs MaMs leku flxkj dk /kqavk gh cl mlds Hkkrjh Tokykeq[kh dk vglkl djkrkA ‘ks”k lc BaMKA ml ij og

yacWxks ds fodkj ls loZFkk mdrk x;k FkkA vkf[kj mls lkof/k vodk’k fey xk; vkSj og ‘kh?kz gh iksVZ Cysvj NksM+us dh rS;kjh esa tqV

x;kA

tc rd og iksVZ Cysvj dh chl&rhl cjlk sa dh laifŸk lesVdj viuk cksfj;k&fcLrj cka/kdj rS;kj gks jgk gS] rc rd NqV~Vh dh ckr

fNM+us ij mldh ,d euksjatd ?kVuk lqukrk gwaA pkj&,d o”kZ iwoZ vFkkZr~ lu~ 1915&16 esa mlus vk;jySaM tkus dh ;kstuk cukbZ vkSj

mls lkof/k NqV~Vh fey xbZA cgqr le; igys ;g vkneh vk;jySaM ls nks&pkj iSls ysdj Hkkx vk;k FkkA ogh nfjnz vc nl&ikap gtkj

vaVh esa cka/kdj okil vk;jySaM tk jgk FkA og dgrk ] ^êSaus Hkh viuk chl cjl dk vktUe dkjkokl iwjk fd;k gS] lkojdj!

D;ksafd eSa Hkh rks ;gka ,d LFkkuc} euq”; gh gwaA* vk;jySaM dks vc okil rks ykSVuk Fkk] ijarq rc rd jktcafn;ksa dh tks n;k’khy

O;oLFkk mlus dh Fkh] v cog mlds isV esa ‘kwy dh rjg pqHk jgh FkhA mlij os fnu ,sls Fks fd tc mu ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa] tks

yksxksa esa ihM+d ds :i esa dq[;kr Fks] esa ls ,d&nks tuksa ij fdlh mn~naM Økafrdkjh ds gkFkksa >ViV ^jke* dgus dk lekpkj feyrkA

,d fnu ckjh ds dk;kZy; esa mlds dqN xksjs fe= cSBs Fks] rc ;g ppkZ fNM+ xbZ vkSj ;g lgt okŸkkZyki gks jgk Fkk fd dydŸkk ls

gksdj ;k=k djus esa ckjh dks mldh dhfrZ dk etk p[kkus dh Vksg esa yxs gSaA fdlh nq”V Økafrdkjh ls ?kkrd HksaV dh vk’kadk gS] vr%

og fganqLFkku ekxZ ls ;k=k u djrs gq, lhyksu ekxZ ls ;k=k djsaA gekjs êqa’kh* ¼canh ys[kd½ yksxksa us tks muds vkxs&ihNs jgrs Fks] rqjar

;g lekpj gesa fn;kA gekjs fopkj ls ml le; xksjs vf/kdkfj;ksa ds eu esa bl rjg dk Hk; mRiUu gksuk ek= Hkh:rk dk gh Yk{k.k

ugha FkkA vfirq dqN gn rd cqf}ekuh dk Hkh FkkA bl laokn ls ckjh vius vkidks cM+k egŸoiw.kZ le>us yxk vkSj ml fnu ‘kke dks

Lo;a gh lhuk Qqykrs gq, vius m}r O;aX;&fouksn ls iwNus yxk] ^^D;ksa lkojdj] lquk gS] fganqLFkku esa iSj j[krs gh vkids fe= ge ij

ce Qasdusokys gSa\** geus Hkh mlh ds mn~naM O;aX; dk vuqdj.k djrs gq, mŸkj fn;k] ^êq>s ,slk ugha yxrkA ;fn fdlh ds ikl okLro

esa ce gks] rks mls bl rjg dkS,] fpfM+;k ds f’kdkj esa cjckn djus ls fdlh ‘ksj dk f’kdkj djus esa gh cqf}ekuh gSA vkSj dksbZ

Økafrdkjh ,slk ugha] tks ;g u le>sA** ckjh dk xoZ ,sls fi?ky x;k tSls ikuh esa feV~Vh dk <sykA mlds Mj dk D;k gqvk og ogh

tkus!

386

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ckjh dh e`R;q

;g Hkh xr o”kZ dh ?kVuk gSA bl NqV~Vh dh ckr loZFkk fHkUu Fkha vc ckjh ges’kk ds fy, tk jgk FkkA mldk LokLF; bruk fxj x;k

Fkk fd vaneku rks NwV gh jgk Fkk] ;g Hkh lansg gksus yxk Fkk fd ;g nqfu;k Hkh og ns[k ldsxk ;k ughaA var esa ‘krkf/kd cafn;ksa dh

xkfy;kas vkSj vfHk’kki ds migkj Lohdkjrs gq, ckjh dks] ftldh dej gh VwV pqdh Fkh] nks tuksa dh lgk;rk ls ty;ku ij p<+kuk

iM+kA v}ZewfPNZr voLFkk esa og fganqLFkku igqapk vkSj ogka ‘kh?kz gh vR;ar d”Vizn voLFkk esa mldk izk.kkar gks x;kA mldh Le`fr Hkh

mu jktcafn;ksa us gh thfor j[kh] ftuij mlus ?kksj vR;kpkj fd, Fks( vkSj tc rd ;g xazFk jgsxk rc rd jgsxh] vU;Fkk og Hkh mlh

ds lkFk lekIr gks tkrh vkSj okLro esa oSlk gh gksuk pkfg, FkkA jktcafn;ksa dks tks d”V gqvk] mlds fy, ewyHkwr dkj.k og ugha Fkk]

og rks fufeŸk ek= FkkA ijarq blls mls gn ls T;knk egŸo izkIr gks x;kA fdlh vewrZ laLFkk dh nq”Vrk vFkok f’k”Vrk dh tkudkjh

nsrs le; fdlh&u&fdlh ewrZ O;fDr dk ukeksYys[k vifjgk;Z gksrk gS] blfy, bl rjg ds canhiky dk uke yksxksa dh n`f”V ds lkeus vk

x;k] vU;Fkk ckjh ds xq.k vFkok nks”k Hkh bruh iz[;kfr vFkok dq[;kfr izkIr djus ;ksX; ughaA

rFkkfi ml vR;f/kd foo’k voLFkk esa Hkh gekjs fo”k; esa mlus tks lq[kn ‘kCn dgs rFkk mlds ifjokj ds yksxksa us tks dqN lgkuqHkwfr

izdV dh] mlds fy, ml canhiky] mldh ln; dU;k rFkk mldh lŸo’khy iRuh ds izfr vkHkkj izdV fd, fcuk ge vkxs ugha c<+saxsA

gekjs fopkj esa ijLij fo:} fLFkfr esa ;fn gekjh fd, fcuk ge vkxs ugha c<sa+xsA gekjs fopkj esa ijLij fo:} fLFkfr esa ;fn gekjh

HksaV gksrh rks dnkfpr~ og gekjk iz’kald gh curk vkSj gekjh bl /kkj.kk dk vk/kkj gekjh ihB ihNs ds eqag ls fudys vusd ,sls

mn~xkj gSaA

’kki vkSj {kek

Ckjh ds mYys[k dh lekfIr ds lkFk&lkFk gh ^NksVk ckjh* vFkkZr~ iksVZ Cysvj esa ^iBkuh jkT;* dk Madk ihVusokys fetkZ [kku dh Hkh

[kkuxh djsaA ckjh dh Tokyk gh tgka cq> jgh Fkh] ogka ;g dgus dh vko’;drk gh ugha gSa fd mldh rfi’k dks lnhZ yx tkus ls og

yqIrizk; gksus yxh FkhA ;g ns[kdj fd b/kj&m/kj gj txg jktcafn;ksa dk tksj gS] mlds nq”V iBkuh&fla/kh gLrd ,d&,d djds ^rksM+*

fn, x, gSa] tgka&rgka loZ= lkis{kr% lkSE;] lnkpkjh rFkk jk”Vªh; fopkjksa ds fganw canh tks ;gka&ogka loZ= ljdkjh dk;Z ,oa mfpr

dkjkxkjh; vqu’kklu dks muls Hkh lqO;ofLFkr <ax ls laiUu dj jgs gSa vkSj mifuos’k esa rFkk dkjkxkj esa izk;% lHkh NksVs&eksVs Lfkkuksa

ij &^Lora=* yksx fu;qDr fd, tk jgs gSa] mlls foo’k gksdj nk<+hckt fetkZ [kku

387

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


,dne <kyh iM+ x;k FkkA jktcafn;ksa ds vkxs nqe fgykrs gq, og fnu fcrk jgk FkkA eqlfye /kekZa/krk tks igys mls mUeŸk djrh Fkh]

ogh vc mldk Hk; Hkh vdkj.k c<+kus esa dkj.khHkwr gksrh FkhA mls yxrk Fkk fd dkfQjksa ij mlus tSls vR;kpkj fd,] oSls gh os ml

ij djasxsA ,d euksjatd ckr mldh blh izo`fŸk dk fnXn’kZu djkrh gSA bl mŸkjdky esa ,d ckj mlds gkFk esa dq rdyhQ gks xbZA

fdlh Hkh rjg og ihM+k can u gqbZA ckjh dk iwjk ’kjhj ftl rjg <hyk iM+ jgk Fkk] Bhd mlh rjg mlds fiV~Bw dk gkFk Hkh <hyk

iM+ x;kA rc ml /kekZa/k fetkZ [kku dks iw.kZ fo’okl gks x;k fd gks&u&gks lkr uacj ds ml p’esokys cM+s ckcw us gh ge nksuksa ij

Vksuk&VksVdk fd;k gSA ckjh bruk Hksyk ugha Fkk] ijarq fetkZ [kku vkrafdr gks x;kA gekjk Hkjiwj xkSjo djrs gq, :X.kky; ls gh mlus

lans’k Hkstk fd ^eq>ls lkS&lkS vijk/k gq, gSaA lkojdj ckcw ls dg;ksa] {kek dj nsa vkSj esjk gkFk eq>s okil ykSVk nsaA* ;g izkFkZuk

lqudj eSaus mls yk[k le>k;k fd HkbZ] eSaus tknw&oknw dqN ugha fd;k] u gh ekukA rc dsoy mls fu’par djus ds fy, eSaus dgk]

^^vPNk] vkids fo’oklkuqlkj ;fn esjs dgus ij vkidk gkFk Bhd gks tk,xk] ;gh vkidh Hkkouk gS] rks bZ’oj dks lk{kh ekudj dgrk

gwa fd eSa vkidk Hkyk pkgrk gwaA** vkxs pydj mldk gkFk Bhd gks x;k&;|fi nokb;ksa ds gh dkj.k] ijarq mlus D;k lkspk gksxk] ogh

tkusA vkxs Ng eghus rd og ogha ij Fkk] ijarq tSls narghu lkaiA blds Ik’pkr~ fot;ksRlo ds le; tks rhu&pkj lkS canhoku cjh gks

x,] muesa vius vrhr dh ihM+knk;h lsok dk Qy lglk bu egk’k; ds gkFk yx x;k vkSj og fetkZ [kku] ftldk fganqvksa ds

vR;kpkjh ds :i esa nl cjlksa rd Madk ctrk jgk Fkk] ijarq vkxs pydj tks fcYdqy xÅ cu x;k Fkk&cjh gks x;kA mlds ckn

iBku] fla/kh vkSj iatkch eqlyekuksa dk gkSlyk VwV x;k] mudh /kkSal loZFkk dqpy nh xbZA ,d&nks tks ‘ks”k jgs os pqipki le; dkVus

yxsA dkjkxkj ,oa mifuos’k esa loZ= okWMZj] goynkj] teknkj] Lora= vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ys[kd] MkWDVj] daikmaMj izk;% fganw gh j[ks x, FksA

lkis{kr^ ljy ,oa lPps LoHkko ds dkj.k ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa dks Hkh ogh jkl vkus yxs Fk sA ;g ns[kdj iBku nkar ihldj dgus yxs]

^^vc D;k cksyk tk,] vc rks fganw jkt gks x;k gSA**

dqN iqjkus iBku ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa ls pqxyh Hkh djrs] ^^lkc] vc rks iksVZ Cysvj esa fganw jkt gSA lkc] gesa Mj gS] geij >wBk

eqdnek u cuk;k tk,A** ftl le; ^iBku jkt* Fkk rc fganwvksa ij ,sls feF;k vfHk;ksx yxkdj mUgsa vddkj.k rax djus dh ftUgsa

vknr Fkh] muesa ls bu vof’k”V nq”Vksa dks ;g Mj yxrk fd vc ;s

388

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Hkh ogh djsaxsA ;g mUgha dh nq”Vrk dk izfrfcac Fkk] u fd fganqvksa dh( D;ksafd fganqvksa us dHkh fdlh dks blfy, rax ugha fd;k fd og

eqlyeku gSA bruk gh ugha] le>nkj rFkk /kekZa/krk ls fufyZIr vius mu eqlyeku ca/kqvksa dk ge var rd leFkZu gh djrs] mUgsa

i<+krs vkSj viuh flQkfj’k ls ;FkklaHko mudh HkykbZ gh djrsA muesa ls db;ksa ds vkosnu&i= geus fy[ks gksaxs] db;ksa dks dkedkt esa

lgk;rk fnyokbZ gksxhA vkxs pydj ml rqPN ujsyh ds ^fganw jkt* ds dqN vf/kdkj gekjs gkFk esa Hkh vk x,A rc eqlyeku teknkj

vkfn ls geus fdruh lPpkbZ rFkk U;k;laxr jhfr ls O;ogkj fd;k] ;g vkxs mUghsa ds ‘kCnksa esa crk;k tk,xkA

Ckjh dh fonkbZ ds ckn m/kj nks&rhu rFkk fganwLFkku ls yk, x, LFkk;h&vLFkk;h ¼permanent or temporary½ canhikyksa dk vkuk&tkuk

jgkA buesa ls ,d us ckjh ds iwokZ/kZ ds ncncs ds laca/k esa lquk Fkk] ijarq mŸkjk/kZ dh grk’kk dk Lej.k mls ugha jgkA vr% mlu s fopkj

fd;k fd D;ksa u og mlh rjg jktcafn;ksa dks lrkdj ljdkj ds lkeus viuh ‘kwjrk dk <ksy ihVs\ vr% mlus vkSj mlh le; ds ,d

ofj”B mFkys LoHkko ds vf/kdkjh us uokxr xqtjkrh jktcafn;ksa esa ls tks ‘kkar LoHkko ds izrhr gq,] mUgsa dksYgw nsuk vPNk ugha yxkA

;fn nsuk gh Fkk rks uokxrksa esa tks à”V&iq”V ,oa lwjek Fks] mUgsa dBksj ifjJe dk ;g dke nsuk pkfg, FkkA ijarq fu%’kDr] lkSE; vkSj

fuiV xÅ tSls xzkeh.k cafn;ksa dks pqu&pqudj dksYgw dk dke fn;k x;k] ftldk mn~ns’; ;g Fkk fd os Mjdj ;g Fkk fd os Mjdj dke

djsaxsA ijarq izFke fnu gh mu lHkh us bUdkj dj fn;kA mUgsa chrk bfrgkl crk;k tk pqdk FkkA muesa ls nks gekjh gh bekjr ds FksA

muds lkFk lc uhfr fuf’pr dhA muds bUdkj djrs gh ml canhiky us ckjh ds gh <ax ls gYYkk&xqYyk fd;k&gekjh bekjr ds ,d&nks

tuksa dks] ftUgsa mlus usrk le>k Fkk] ydM+h ds dksYgw esa Bhd oSls gh tksrk tSls cSyksa dks tksrrs gSa vkSj nwljksa dks dksYg w ?kqekus dk

vkns’k fn;kA vFkkZr~ vU; canhokuksa ds dksYgw esa tqVrs gh mlls ca/ks mu xqtjkrh jktcafn;ksa ds ikl nks gh ekxZ ‘ks”k jgs& ;k rks dksYgw

?kqekuk ;k fQj /kkjk’kk;h gks f?klVrs tkukA mu nksuksa esa ls ,d us ;gh ekxZ viuk;k] og /kkjk’k;h gks x;k& dksYgw ls ca/ks gksus ij

vU; cafn;ksa }kjk dksYgw [khprsa gh og Hkwfe ij f?klVrk gqv ukpus yxkA

FkksM+h nsj esa dksYgw dh bekjr dh ;g ckr lHkh bekjrksa esa Qsy xbZA gekjh bekjr rd Hkh igaqp xbZA vU; jktcafn;ksa dks lans’k Hkstdj

dqN fu’p; djsa] mlls igys Hkkstu dk le; gks x;kA vr% izR;sd bekjr esa ;g lans’k Hkstk x;k fd canhiky ls gesa ;g iwNuk gS fd

xqtjkrh jktcafn;ksa ij gks jgs bu vR;kpkjksa ds

389

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Lkekpkj lR; gSa ;k feF;kA ;g gaxkek lqu dj canhiky dkjkx`g esa vk x;kA ns[kk rks\ ,sls la?k”kksa esa mLrkn iqjkus jktcafn;ksa esa ,d ls

c<+dj ,d fu’p;h ,oa LokfHkekuh n`<+izfrK dSnh gkFkksa esa Fkkfy;ka idM+dj vkSj ;g dgrs gq, fd tc rd bl dk;Z dh O;oLFkk ugha

gksrh] vUu xzg.k ugha djsaxsA bekjr ds gj nj ij jkLrk jksddj rS’k esa [kM+s jgsA canhiky ds thou esa ,slk ckadk izlax igyh ckj

vk;k FkkA egk’k; us Hkkai fy;k fd vc bu jktcafn;ksa ls lkeuk gSA izFke dgus yxk] ^;g ljklj >wB gS fd mu xqtjkrh cafn;ksa dks

dksYgw ls cka/kk gSA* rc ,d cynaM vkSj gM+rky esa ges’kk vxz.kh jgusokyk iatkch jktcanh ererkdj iwNus yxk] ^rks D;k gekjk

xqtjkrh HkkbZ >wB cksy jgk gS\* vkSj mlus yksgs dk og Fkky xnk t Slk Åij mBk;k vkSj cksyk] ^ns[kks] ;fn vko’;d gqvk rks bl

Fkkyh ls gh flj QksM+ MkywaxkA tks geij vRpkpkj djuk pkgrk gS] lksp&le>dj djsA* canhiky pqipki] fcuk dqN cksys ihNs gV

x;kA mu nksuksa xqtZj ca/kqvksa dks dksYgw ls gVkdj dksBjh esa can fd;k x;k vkSj jktcafn;ksa dks lans’k vk x;k fd vc rqe yksx Hkkstu

djksA rqEgkjs vknfe;ksa dks dksbZ d”V ugha igqapk;k tk,xkA dqN fnuksa Ik’pkr~ mu xqtjkrh jktcafn;ksa dks vU; cafn;ksa dh rjg fNydk

fn;k x;k vkSj laiw.kZ gM+rky dk ;g u;k vkSj vafrd dkj.k gM+rky dh /kedh nsus ls gh nwj gks x;kA

Bhd djusokys gh Bhd gks x,

Tkgka rd geas ;kn gS] blh canhiky ds gkFkksa vaneku esa fu;e fo:} vafre ekjihV dh xbZA lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa esa ls ,d lkglh ;qod

ij] tks fuR; jktcafn;ksa dh lgk;rk djds gekjs lkoZtfud vkanksyu esa euks;ksxiwoZ Hkkx ysrk Fkk vkSj ftldk mYys[k geus ihNs ‘k qf}

izdj.k esa Hkh fd;k gS] vf/kdkfj;ksa dh fuR; utj jgrhA KkuktZu esa mldh fo’ks”k :fp FkhA ,d fnu dke ds le; mlds gkFk esa

iqLrd ns[kdj vFkok ,sls gh fdlh dkj.ko’k Øq} gksdj dpgjh esa cqykdj bu egk’k; us mls xzkeh.k xkyh nhA xzkeh.k xkyh dk vFkZ

vaxszth Hkk”kk esa uke ds ihNs mi&in tSls fu;eiwoZd vkrk gS] blh rjg dk mi&in yxk;kA ijarq canhiky D;k tkus fd vaneku ds

dkjkxkj esa yksxksa ds LoHkko vc vkB igys tSls ugha jgsA mlds xkyh cdrs gh ^rqEgkjk cki a a a*dgrs gq, ml fganw ;qod us bl

canhiky ds firkJh dks gh ml xkyh dk migkj fn;kA rc Øks/k ls mQurk gqvk og canhiky mB x;k vkSj mlus okWMZjksa ls ml canh dks

idM+ok;k vkSj vius gkFkksa ls mlds eqag rFkk Nkrh ij eqDds ekjuk ‘kq: fd;kA mldk eqag lwt x;k vkSj [kwu cgus yxk] rc mls

NksM+kA ;gka bl ckr ij xkSj djuk pkfg, fd ml canh dks xaMekyk dk jksx FkkA canhiky

390

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dks yxk&vPNk gqvk] vPNk etk p[kk;k cPpw dksA vU; dk;j rFkk yqPps yksx mlls dgus yxs&vjs HkbZ] ge fdl [ksr dh ewyh\ cl]

vc tks gqvkA rqe MkWDVj ls dguk fd fxjus ds dkj.k esjs psgjs ij lwtu vkbZ gS vkSj [kwu cg jgk gS] vU;Fkk] myVs rqe naM

HkqxrksxsA* ijarq og /khj ohj FkkA mldh vka[kksa vkSj gksaBksa ij cgqr lwtu vkbZ FkhA mlus MkWDVj ls dgk fd canhiky ds ekjus ls lwtu

vkbZ gSA ijarq MkWDVj us canhiky ds Hk; ls m/kj /;ku ugha fn;kA canhiky us Ik;Zos{kd ls mldh HksaV ugha gksus nhA rc geesa ls ,g

jktcanh us ;g iksy [kksyus dh Bku yhA ;g ns[kdj fd mlh lIrkg la;ksx ls phQ dfe’uj Hkh vk jgs Fks&canhiky ds gks’k mM+ x,A

og fxM+fxM+kus yxk] ijarq phQ dfe’uj ds lkeus ml vR;kpkj dks izLrqr djus esa og fganw ;qod tjk Hkh ugha fgpdkA canhiky ds

vPNh rjg dku mesBs x,A bl rjg iwoZdkyhu izfrokn ls dkjkx`g esa ekjihV [kRe gh gks xbZ FkhA bu u, egk’k; }kjk mls fQj ls

‘kq: djus dk iz;kl djrs gh mUgsa Hkh djkjk FkIiM+ jlhn fd;k x;k] ftlls mUgksaus Hkh iqu% bl rjg dk nq”Vrkiw.kZ d`R; djus dk

lkgl ugha fd;kA blds vkxs tks Ms<+&o”kZ geus m/kj fcrk;k] ml dky esa gesa Lej.k ugha fd cafn;ksa ls bl rjg fcuk fdlh dkj.k

Øwj ekfdZV dh xbZ gksA ekjihV dk gekjh Le`fr esa ;g vafre mnkgj.k Fkk] vr% mldk o.kZu gsrqiwoZd fd;k x;k gSA ;g dguk Hkh

vko’;d gS fd bruh ekjihV vkSj [kwu dh mfYV;ka gksus ds ckn Hkh ml fganw ;qod canh us fuMjrk ds lkFk lkoZtfud vkanksyu djuk

ugha NksM+k FkkA mlus vius naM ds pkSng cjl igys d iwjs dj fy, Fks] ijarq esjs vkus rd og cjh ugha gqvk FkkA jke tkus gekjs

ihNs mldk D;k gqvk\

fganw laLd`fr ds vfHkekuh canhiky blds Ik’pkr~ dbZ Lfkkukarj.k gksrs&gksrs ckjh lkgc ds lkys lkfg canhiky cu x,a mlus mifuos’k esa

blls iwoZ Hkh vusd vf/kdkjiw.kZ LFkkuksaa ij dke fd;k FkkA ml O;fDr dk uke fMfxUl FkkA dksbZ Hkh vPNk O;fDr vanekuh izfrca/kk sa dh

uhfr eas vPNk ugha jg ldrk] rFkkfi fMfxUl lkgc ds ml dkjkxkj esa fu;qDr gksrs gh lHkh dks gkfnZd izlUurk gqbZ] D;ksafd mUgks aus

fu;qDr gksrs gh ml nq”Vrkiw.kZ uhfr esa Hkh ;FkklaHko U;k;iw.kZ jhfr ls vius vf/kdkj dk Madk ctk;k] ftlls mudk uke lHkh nafMr

mruh gh d`rKrk rFkk vknj ls ysrs ftruk ckjh lkgc dk ?k`.kk lsA os fganw laLd`fr ds vfHkekuh FksA os vk;fj’k Fks vkSj fo’ks”k ckr

;g fd fFk;kslkWfQLV FksA banwHkw”k.k dh vkRegR;k dkaM esa geus ckjh dh cdokl dk mYys[k fd;k gS fd

391

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fFk;kslkWfQLV iqLrdsa i<+dj euq”; ikxy curk gSA ijarq fnu&jkr fFk;kslkWfQLV dh iqLrdsa i<+dj Hkh ckjh ds lkys lkgc ikxy ugha

cusA os Kkufiiklq rFkk f’k”V FksA os vius O;ogkj ls viuh Js.kh esa ;FkklaHko fl} djds fn[kkrs fd <ax ls ljdkjh dke djkrs vkSj

;Fkksfpr vuq’kklu j[krs gq, Hkh canh ls bUlku dh rjg O;ogkl fd;k tk ldrk gSA bruk gh ugha] vfirq bl rŸokuq:i fd

dkjkxkjh; laLFkk dk izeq[k /;s; cafn;ksa dk vkfRed] ekufld rFkk uSfrd lq/kkj gh gksuk pkfg,&dkjkxkjh; laLFkk pykbZ tk ldrh gSA

blds fy, dHkh&dHkh mUgsa ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa dh ukle>h dk dksiHkktu Hkh cuuk iM+rk FkkA

dkjkx`g tkap lfefr

bl LFkkukarj.k ds pyrs m/kj fganwLrku eas ,d tsy deh’ku dh fu;qfDr dk lekpkj feykA bl vk;ksx ds lkeus tks leL;k,a Fkh]

muesa ,d rks ;gh Fkh fd vaneku mifuos’k dk vkxs D;k djuk pkfg,\ 1 tuojh] 1920 dks fu;qDr dks fu;qDr vk;ksx ds laca/k esa

vkSj fo’ks”k :i ls vaneku ds mifuos’k dh fLFkfr dh tkap djds mlds Hkfo”; ij fopkj djus dk iz’u eq[;r% mlds lkeus izLrqr

djus ds ihNs gekjs vanekuh; vkanksyu rFkk vkB&ukS cjlksa ls mdlh nqnZ’kk dh dgkuh fganqLFkku ,oa fo’o Hkj esa mtkxj djus dk

iz;kl gh fo’ks”k dkjxj gqvk FkkA blds vfrfjDr gekjs rFkk vaneku fLFkr lHkh lqtku canhokuksa ds lkeus ;g Li”V Fkk fd ;fn bl

le; vius d”Vksa] vR;kpkjksa dk foLr`r C;ksjk vkxs c<+dj bl tkap lfefr ds dkuksa esa ugh Mkyk rks ;gka ds vf/kdkjh bl lfefr ds

lkeus ;g crkus ls ugha pwdsaxs fd ;g mifuos’k bZ’ojh; nsu gS vkSj blesa dqN Hkh ,slk ugha] ftls lq/kkjk tk,A vf/kdkfj;ksa esa Hkh

,d&nks izeq[k vf/kdkfj;ksa dh Li”V jk; Fkh fd vanekuh; tyok;w gh LokLF; fouk’kd gS vkSj cafn;ksa dks ogka clkus dh uhfr Hkh

vf/kdka’k fo?kkrd gSA ijarq vf/kdkjh oxZ bl iz;kl esa Fkk fd vR;kpkjksa dh ;FkklaHko de&ls&de tkudkjh mUgsa gks] vkSj tks tkudkjh

feys Hkh rks mls feF;k fl} fd;k tk,A dqy feykdj ^lc Bhd gS* dk vkHkkl nsdj gh mUgsa fonk fd;k tk,A cafn;ksa esa ls [kq’kkenh

cafn;ksa dks <wa<+dj mUgsa bl rjg O;oLFkkiu djus ds fy, fu;qDr fd;k x;k fd vk;ksx ds lkeus dksbZ Hkh izfrokn vFkok f’kdk;r u

tkus ik,A blds foijhr jktcafn;ksa dh vxqokbZ esa u dsoy cafn;ksa us] cfYd vU; yksxksa us Hkh ;FkklaHko fuHkhZdrk ds lkFk vk;ksx ds

lkeus viuh nqxfrZ dh ckr j[kus dh O;oLFkk dhA ftys&ftys esa ,der ls ,d gh rjg dh ,deq[kh ekaxs rFkk izfrokn fd;k tk,]

blds fy, lans’k rFkk fyf[kr Mkd izkjaHk gks xbZA ;|fi tkap lfefr ds lkeus

392

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


cafn;ksa dk laiw.kZ i{k izLrqr djus dk dk;Z fofHkUu ftyksa ds fofHkUu O;kfDr;ksa dks LkkSaik x;k Fkk] rFkkfi u dsoy mifuos’kh; cafn;ksa dks

cfYd ogka ds Lora= ykssxksa dk Hkh gels lrr vuqjks/k gksus yxk fd bu lHkh izeq[k ckrksa dk izfrfuf/kRo djus dk dk;ZHkkj ge vius

da/kksa ij ysaA mudk Hkkoqdrkiw.kZ fo’kokl Fkk fd ftl dq’kyrk vkSj ftl Hkk”kk esa lVhd rdZ iz.kkyh rFkk fuHkhZdrk ds lkFk mudh ekaxsa

ge vk;ksx ds lkeus izLrqr djsaxs] oSlk dksbZ vU; ugha dj ik,xkA blds vfrfjDr mu cafn;ksa ds vuqjks/k ds ihNs dk fo/ks; bl

okLrfodrk ij Hkh vk/kkfjr Fkk fd vk;ksx ds eu ij gekjs dgus ls tks ifj.kke gksxk rFkk ml tkudkjh dk tks egŸo gksxk] ogh

tkudkjh blls Hkh vf/kd Li”V :i esa vFkok rhozrj Hkk”kk esa Hkh ;fn fdlh us j[kh rks og izHkko ugha gks ldrkA vr% mudk lrr

vuqjks/k ns[kdj eq>s Hkh og dk;ZHkkj laHkkyus dh bPNk gks vkbZA

ijarq nwljs i{k esa ,d egŸoiw.kZ ck/kk gekjs lkeus FkhA vaneku dk dSnh ;fn vkRe&lacaf/kr f’kdk;r ;k vU; dqN Hkh izfrikfnr djrk

rks og ,d rjg ls lgt ekuk tkrk Fkk] ijarq ;fn vU; cafn;ksa ls lacaf/kr dqN ckr djs vFkok fdlh canh dk i{k ysrs gq, mldh

odkyr djs] rks mls ,d vijk/k le>k tkrk FkkA ;fn og ,slk lkgl djs Hkh rks mldk eqag ;g dgrs gq, can fd;k tkrk fd nwljs

ls rqEgsa D;k ysuk&nsuk\ rqe viuh dgks vxj dguk pkgrs gks rksA nwljh ckr ;g Fkh fd jktcafn;ksa dks fot;ksRlo ds miYk{; esa

{keknku dj cjh fd;k tk,] fganqLFkku esa bl ekax dk vkanksyu O;kidrk ls py jgk FkkA dkSafly esa iz’uksaŸkj Hkh gks jgs FksA ljdkj us

fganqLFkku esa rFkk ogka ds vf/kdkfj;ksa us vaneku esa Li”V lwfpr fd;k fd bl eqfDr es a izR;sd jktcanh ds jktuhfrd vkSj lkoZtfud

vkpj.k rFkk mldh ekufldrk dk fo’ks”k :i ls fopkj fd;k tk,xkA vFkkZr~ gekjs rFkk gekjs ca/kq dh eqfDr dk iz’u izeq[kr% vaneku

ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dh xqIr fVIif.k;ksa ij gh fu.kZ; ysxh fd gekjk fy[kk Li”V gS ;k ugha] lR; gS ;k ughaA ge vkt rd vius lkoZtfud

vkanksyuksa ls vaneku ds lkjs vf/kdkfj;ksa ds fdrus isze&Hkktu gks x, gSa] ;g ckr Hkh mtkxj gh FkhA ,slh voLFkk esa Åij ls vk jgs

vk;ksx ds lkeus mifuos’k ds lHkh dkys dkjukeksa dks izdV djuk rFkk cafn;ksa vkSj Lora= i{k dh vksj ls vf/kdkfj;ksa dk i{k foQy

djus dk dk;Z Lohdkjuk mu mifuos’kh; vf/kdkfj;ksa ds vuqlkj gekjs vR;kf/kd nqjkpkjh rFkk cjh gksus ds loZFkk v;ksX; gksus ds dkj.k

FkkA

393

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


lp dgus dk vFkZ canhokl c<+kuk

mlesa Hkh gesa ;g ekywe Fkk fd og vk;ksx ,d fo’ks”k mnns~’; ls jktcafn;ksa dk fufj{k.k djus dk vk jgk gSA fo’ks”k mn~ns’; ;g gS fd

vanekuh; vf/kdkfj;ksa ds ml laca/k esa izLrqr izfrosnu ¼report½ dk vkSj Lo;a izeq[k jktcafn;ksa dk fujh{k.k dj fganqLFkku ljdkj dks

izfrosnu djuk fd dkSj cjh djus ;ksX; gS vkSj dkSu ughaA ;fn geus pqfuank vf/kdkfj;ksa ls Hkjs bl vk;ksx ds lkeus vanekuh

vf/kdkfj;ksa vFkkZr~ fganqLFkku ljdkj ds] tks mudk leFkZu dj jgh Fkh&rRdkyhu canh’kkyk foHkkxkarxZr nq”Vrkiw.kZ uhfr rFkk ihM+knk;h

O;ogkj dh dVq vkykspuk dh rks Li”V gS] ;g /k`”Vrk bu f’k”Vtuksa dks vlguh; gksxhA bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd bl rjg vxokuh djuk

gekjs eqfDrekxZ esa jksM+s vVdkuk gS] vk, gq, Lo.kZ volj ls oafpr gksuk gS vkSj blds foijhr] ;fn jktcafn;ksa dk laiw.kZ mifuos’k ds

izfr vkxzg dk vieku fd;k rks vkt rd muesa ls ‘krkf/kd yksxksa us jktcafn;ksa dh tks lgk;rk dh] vknHkko n’kkZ;k] mldk _.k u

pqdkrs gq, mu ij fd, tk jgs vR;kpkjksa dks Vkyus dk gkFk vk;k gqvk lqugjk volj [kks nsuk FkkA os nl&ckjg gtkj canh vkSj

mudh U;k;laxr f’kdk;rsaA brus lkjs yksxksa ds nq%[k] muij fd, x, vR;kpkjksa dk ek= mYys[k djds bl rjg dh tkap ds le; mls

lcds lkeus izdV djus eas ;fn ge fgEer gkj cSBs rks gekjk lkoZtfud ifjJe] tks geus bl tkap ds fy, ljdkj dks ck/; djus ds

fy, fd;k Fkk] mls gh vdkjFk gksus nsuk Fkk] D;ksafd ;g tkap ge lHkh ds lrr iz;klksa ls] gekjs }kj lgs x, vR;kpkjksa] ;a=.kkvk sa ds

fo:} fd, x, izfroknksa ls gh gks jgh Fkha ;fn vkSj dksbZ ;g dk;Z djrk rks og bruk ifj.kkedkjh ugha gksrk] ;g vU; gtkjksa cafn;ksa

dh rjg gesa Hkh yx jgk Fkk] blfy, vk;ksx ds lkeus xokgh nsuk ge viuk drZO; le>us yxsA

eqfDr dk ekinaM

vaneku esa ge vius vkpj.k dk fcanq fuR; gh eqfDr vkSj jk”Vªfgr nks Nksjksa ds chpkschp j[krs fd vaneku es a tks dqN jk”Vªfgr lk/;

gksxk] og bruk egŸoiw.kZ dHkh ugha gks ldrk ftruk eqfDr ds I’pkr~ fganqLFkku esa tkdj lk/; gksxkA ijarq blds fy, eqfDr gsrw dksbZ

Hkh fo’okl?kkrh] fuanuh;] uhp rFkk pkiywlh Hkjk vkpj.k] ftlls ns’k vFkok tkfr dk LokfHkeku dyafdr gks] dHkh leFkZuh; fl} ugha

gks ldrk] D;ksafd ml ;ksx ls gksusokyh eqfDr jk”Vª ds fy, vf/kd fgrdkjh gksus dh vis{kk vf/kd jk”Vªfo?kkrd gh fl} gksxhA vr%

bl rjg dk vkpj.k Vkyrs gq, ;fn eqfDr dk fuf’pr volj fey jgk gks] rks og ge lk/; djds gh jgsaxsA og

394

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fuf’Pkr volj feyus rd mlh fLFkfr esa tks dqN jk”Vªfgr lk/; dj ldsa] mls lk/; djus dk iz;kl djrs gq, fnu O;rhr djsaA mlesa

Hkh ;FkklaHko mUgha ls ;s dk;Z djokuk] ftuij ljdkj dk bruk mxz jks”k vFkok rhoz n`f”V vHkh rd ugha gSA ml voLFkk esa tc

vius fcuk laHkkfor lkoZtfud vkanksyu djus ds fy, dksbZ vU; bruk bPNqd vFkok leFkZ u gks rks mu ekeyksa dks Lo;a fuiVkuk]

eqfDr laHko fn[kkbZ ns jgh gks rks ;wa gh ugha xaokuh pkfg,A ijarq fuf’pr laHko u gks rks dsoy yypkbZ gqbZ dk;jrk ls ;g dgrs gq,

fd ^vU;Fkk NksM+saxs ugha* vaneku esa Lodh;ksa ij gks jgs vR;kpkj ;wa gh pqipki ugha ns[ksaxs] D;ksafd ;g ge HkyhHkkafr tkurs gSa fd

vkf[kj gekjh eqfDr vaneku fLFkr gekjs O;ogkj ij ftruh fuHkZj gS] mlls vf/kd og fganqLFkku dh jktuhfrd gok dh rfi’k ij

fuHkZj gS] mlls vf/kd og fganqLFkku dh jktuhfrd gok dh rfi’k ij fuHkZj jgsxhA fganqLFkku dk okrkoj.k tc rd jktcafn;ksa] dks cjh

djus ds fy, NsM+s x, vkanksyu ls vkSj yksder dks dqN jktuhfrd egŸo izkIr gksus rIr ugha gqvk Fkk] rc rd ,sls jktcanh] tks

^ckjh okD;a izek.ke~* dgrs gq, cSBs Fks rFkk fdlh Hkh lkoZtfud dk;Z esa lacaf/kr rVLFk Hkkouk j[krs Fks] os Hkh esjs tSls gh lM+ jgs FksA

mUgsa ljdkj ^le>nkj* le>us yxh vkSj vU; yksxksa ls FkksM+h&cgqr vf/kd lqfo/kk,a nsus yxh] og Hkh rc tc vU; cafn;k sa ds vkanksyu

vf/kdkfj;ksa ds dBksj O;ogkj dk fu”ks/k djus yxsA os ;fn brus /k`”V’khy ugha curs rks ;s le>nkj Hkh ljdkj dks ^lq’khy* izrhr ugha

gksrsA dkjkxkj esa jktcanh pkgs yk[ xÅ cudj ukd dh lh/k esa pysa] ijarq ljdkj bruh Hkksyh ugha Fkh fd cl mrus ls mUgsa cjh dj

nsrhA eqfDr gksxh rks rHkh] tc izeq[kr% fganqLFkku dh jktuhfr ds nkoa&isapksa esa og ,d vuqdwy nkao gksxkA rHkh] tc izeq[kr% fganqLFkku

dh jktuhfr ds nkao&isapks esa og ,d vuqdwy nkao gksxkA rHkh bl rjg dh /kkj.kk cuus ;ksX; yksder izcy gksxkA ;g Hkh gesa

dkjkxkjh; gh ugha] vfirq ,sfrgkfld vuqHko ls fuf’pr Kkr FkkA

viuh bl fuR; dh uhfr ds vuqlkj geus e/;e ekxZ viuk;kA gtkjksa cafn;ksa ij fd, x, vR;kpkj dksbZ Hkh mrus ifj.kkedkjd <ax

ls izLrqr ugha dj ldrk] ftrus fd geA vr% geus dkjkxkjh; vk;ksx ds lkeus xokg cuus dk fu’p; fd;kA geus r; fd;k fd

Lo;a igy u djrs gq, ;fn vk;ksx Lo;a gekjs ikl oLrqfLFkfr dks tkuus vk tk, rHkh dgk tk, vkSj mlesa Hkh ogh ckrsa dgsa ftUgsa

ge iwjh rjg lR; fl} dj ldsaA mlds iwNus ij lR; dgsa rks Hkh ljdkj gesa ^/k`”V’khy* le>dj ugha NksM+sxh&fdlh&u&fdlh cgkus

og NksM+uk gh ugha pkgrh Fkh&,d ugha rks dksbZ nwljk fufeŸk crk,xh& ;gh vifjgk;Z FkkA bl rjg fdlh Hkh izdkj ls ;fn eqfDr ugha

gh gksuh gS rks gtkjksa c afn;ksa dk] fo’ks”kr% jktcafn;ksa dk fgr u djuk vius drZO; ls P;qr gksuk gS] ,slk gesa yxkA

395

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


var esa tc vk;ksx vaneku vk x;k rks tSlk visf{kr Fkk] mlh rjg BsB gekjs ckjs esa iwNrk gqvk og gekjh dksBjh esa gh vk /kedkA

mleas Jh tSDlu Fks] ftUgksaus cacbZ dkjkxkj foHkkx esa vkthou vius vf/kdkj dk Madk ctk;k FkkA iuxy ds egjkt vkSj vU; mPp

inkf/kdkjh yksx Hkh FksA mUgksaus ckr djrs&djrs Lo;a gh iz’uksŸkj :i esa vaneku dk mifuos’k] dkjkxkjh; O;oLFkk rFkk jktcafn;ksa vkfn

ds laca/k esa ppkZ izkjaHk dhA rc geus ml fo”k; dh tkudkjh O;ofLFkr <ax ls muds lkeus izLrqr dhA ppkZ uhfr dk Kku djkus ds

fy, muesa ls ,d&nks pqVdqys uhps ns jgk gwa

l/ks gq, rdZ’kq} mŸkj

jktcafn;ksa ij fd, x, vla[; vR;kpkjksa dh jkedgkuh] tks bl iqLrd esa vc rd of.kZr gS] mldk o.kZu djrs&djrs geus Hkkuflag

dh /kqukbZ dh tkudkjh Hkh ns nhA vr% ml ppkZ esa xksjs lnL;ksa ls Hkh vf/kd m}r vkSj rS’k Hkjs Loj esa vf/kdkjh i{k dk leFkZu

djrs gq, ,d Hkkjrh; lnL; us dgk] ^îjarq Hkkuflag ds ‘kjhj ij gq, ?kko] ekjihV ds dkj.k gh gq,] ;g vkius dSls tkuk\**

ôs vius vki gks x, ;g ekuuk vlaHko Fkk] blfy,A**

vk;ksx us ,d vU; lnL; us dgk] ^ôg lh<+h mrjrs le; pDdj [kkdj fxj iM+k Fkk] rc os ?kko gq, FksA vki ekjihV ds le;

izR;{k ogka mifLFkr ugha Fks u\ fQj lquh&lqukbZ ckrsa O;FkZ gSaA**

eSa % ij Hkkuflag] tSlk vki dg jgs gSa] lh<+h ls fxj x;k] D;k ml le; vki ogka mifLFkr Fks\ ughaA rks fQj vkidks Hkh fdlh us

;g tks lquh&lqukbZ tkudkjh nh gS] og Hkh csdkj gSA esjh tkudkjh l s Hkh og vf/kd vfo’luh; gS] D;ksafd ?kVuk ?kVh rc vki ,d

lkxj ikj fganqLFkku esa Fks vkSj eSa b/kj gh ek= ,d nhokj dh vksV esa FkkA eSaus og ph[k&iqdkj] ekjks&ekjks rFkk rFkk Hkkx&nk SM+ dk ‘kksj

lk{kkr~ vius dkuksa ls lquk gS vkSj vusd yksxksa us tks ?kVuk LFky ij mifLFkr Fks] ikap feuV ds vanj esjs ikl vkdj og ?kVuk

T;ksa&dh&R;ksa eq>s crk nh FkhA

lnL; % gesa vf/kdkfj;ksa us tkudkjh nhA

eSa % vkSj eq>s mu jktcafn;ksa us tkudkjh nh tks ml txg mifLFkr FksA eSa ugha le>rk fd os jktcanh bu vf/kdkfj;ksa ls de

fo’oluh; gS aA ;gka ds dkjkxkj ds fuEu Js.kh ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ds izekn’khy gksus ds dkj.k ;g vf/kd laHko gS fd mUgksaus ?kVuk fod`r

djds crkbZ vkSj ofj”B vf/kdkjh Lo;a ?kVukLFky ij Fks ughaA blds vfrfjDr eSaus :X.kky; esa Hkkuflag ds ‘kjhj ij NM+h dh ekj ds

fu’kku viuh vka[kksa ls ns[ks FksA

396

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


blds Ik’pkr~ esjs vfHkizk; ls lacaf/kr b/kj&m/kj dh ppkZ djrs gq, ,d us dgk] ^^ij vkidks dkjkxkj ds ckgj NksM+us ij vki D;k

djsaxs\** blls igys fd eSa dqN mŸkj nsrk] ,d vU; lnL; us O;aX;kRed galh ds lkFk dgk] ^^ogh iqu% jktnzksg QSykus dk dkeA** eSaus

dgk] ^^vki vius vkidks varjKkuh le>rs gSaA vU;Fkk ;g dgus ds fy, fd esjs eu esa D;k gS] vki vkxs ugha c<+rsA vPNk] eku

yhft,] jktnzksg QSykus dk dke eSaus iqu% vkjaHk fd;k Hkh rks vki eq>s iqu% idM+ ldsaxsA dy dksbZ pksjh djsxk] blfy, vki mlds

,slk dqN Hkh djus ds igys vius gh fu;e ds fo:} D;k vkt gh mls bl dkjkxkj eas can dj nsaxs\ vkids fu;eksa ds vk/kkj ij gh

eq>s dkjkxkj ls ckgj NksM+uk U;k;laxr gSA xr ikap o”kksZ esa eq> ij ,d Hkh vfHk;ksx ugha pyk;k x;kA mUgsa Hkh dkjkx `g esa vki ,d

o”kZ ls vf/kd can ugha djrs] ftUgksaus dkjkxkj rksM+dj Hkkx tkus tSls eq>ls Hkh vf/kd cM+s vijk/k fd, gSaA dkjkxkj dh gh ckr D;k]

fganqLFkku esa Hkh ;fn eq>s [kqyk NksM+k x;k rks eSa m/kj Hkh fuf’pr ‘krkZsa dk izkekf.kdrk ds lkFk ikyu d:axkA ;fn vki jktuhfr esa

fgLlk ugha ysxs nsaxs rks ns’k ,oa ekuotkfr dh vU; :i esa ns’klsok d:axk] mlds fgrkFkZ dej dlwaxkA ;fn eSaus opu Hkax Hkh fd;k rks

vki eq>s iqu% vktUe dkjkokl ij Hkst ldrs gSaA vkidh fucZa/k ¼dkuwu½ ‘kfDr rks lw{e] izcy ,oa loZlk{kh gS ghA

lnL; % vki vxj dkuwuh nk;js esa ugha vk, rks blls ;g fl} ugha gksrk fd vki dkuwu Hkax dj gh ugha jgs FksA jktnzksg ds

vfHk;ksx esa u Qalus ij Hkh ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd vkius jktnzksg fd;k gh ughaA

eSa % ysfdu fd;k gS] ;g Hkh rks ugha dgk tk ldrkA fdlh dks pksj dgus dk gesa rc rd vf/kdkj ugha gksrk tc rc og pksjh djrs

idM+k ugha tkrk vFkok fof/kd ¼legal½ lansg mRiUu ugha gqvk gksA ogh fLFkfr jktnzksg dh gSA eSaus dbZ ckj xouZj tujy rd vius

fopkj igqapk, gSaA oS/k mik;ksa ls feyusokys lq/kkj esa FkksM+k&cgqr lkoZtfud jktuhfrd fgr lk/; gksxkA mlh oS/k ekxZ ls eSa ;g iz;kl

djuk pkgrk gwa fd og lk/; gksrk gS ;k ughaA ;fn lq/kkj dk mlh rjg mi;ksx gksrk x;k vkSj mlls vxys lq/kkj dk ekxZ [kqy x;k

rks dksbZ Hkh jkT;Økafrjh oS/k vkSj ‘kkafr ds ekxZ ls gh ns’kfgr lk/; djus ds fy, iz;Rujr jguk pkgsxkA euq”; viuh tku ls bruk

rks ugha Åc tkrk fd fcuk dkj.k og jDrikr rFkk izk.k?kkr dh fn’kk esa izo`Ÿk gksA tc ge fu:ik; gks x, rHkh geus og Hk;adj ekxZ

viuk;k] u fd fdlh ‘kkSd lsA ;fn esjs opu ls vkidks fo’okl ugha gks jgk gks fd eSa jktuhfr esa oS/k ekxZ dk vuqlj.k d:axk] rks

eSa fyf[kr opu nsus ds fy, rS;kj gwa fd eSa ,d

397

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fuf’pr vof/k rd jktuhfr esa fcYdqy fgLlk ugha ywaxkA¹79 eSa gh D;ksa esjs vU; Lusgh Hkh ,slk opu nsaxsA vr% bl ‘krZ ij rks ge

jktcafn;ksa dks eqDr fd;k tk,A jktuhfr NksM+dj vU; ekxkZsa }kjk Hkh ge yksd&lsok vkSj lkfgR;&lsok dj ldsaxsA ml ij Hkh canh

D;ksa\ brus lkjs lPps ‘kwj rFkk fuLokFkZ vkRekvksa rFkk ‘kfDr dks bu iRFkjksa dh nhokjksa ds chp esa O;FkZ D;ksa jgus nsrs gSa\ vk;jySaM ds

fonzksfg;ksa dks nl ckj cjh fd;kA mUgksaus nl ckj ‘krksaZ dks Hkax fd;k] rFkkfi muds iqu% opu nsrs gh vkius mUgsa X;kjgoka volj

iznku fd;k&fQj de&ls&de ,d ckj ge ij fo’okl djds D;ksa ugha ns[krs\ ,d volj gesa Hkh D;ksa ugha fn;k tk,\

blh Loj esa ?kaVk&Ms<+ ?kVk laHkk”k.k gqvkA vanekuh; dkjk laLFkk ds laiw.kZ Hk;adj Lo:i] taxy ds dke] jcM+ d s dke vkfn esa cafn;ksa

ds gks jgs mRihM+u ls tqM+h vkfn lkjh jkedgkuh dghA og bl xazFk esa gS gh] vr% iqu:fDr djuk mfpr ughaA

blh rjg dqy naM&foKku rFkk f’k{kk&foKku ¼criminal law and penollogy½ dk ewy /;s; vkSj O;ogkj dSlk gks] dkjk laLFkk ds

baXySaM fLFkr cksLVZy laLFkk ls ysdj vesfjdk vkfn LFkkuksa ds u,&u, iz;ksxksa ls lacaf/kr fo”k;ksa ij Hkh vk;ksx us gekjs lkFk pPkkZ dhA

blds Ik’pkr~ mldk lqlxr lkjka’k ,d vkosnu&i= esa Hkstus ds fy, dgdj vk;ksx pyk x;kA

gekjh rjg gh jktcafn;ksa esa ls vkSj nks&pkj vkosnu&i= mUgksaus eaxok, FksA ckgj Hkh ftys&ftys esa ls gekjh fuf’pr i}fr dh Hkk”kk

ls fofHkUu usrk cafn;ksa us vkosnu&i= HkstsA vFkkZr~ os dsoy viuh gh ppkZ dh Hkk”kk ls fofHkUu usrk cafn;ksa us vkosnu&i= HkstsA vFkkZr~

os dsoy viuh gh ppkZ dj ldsA jktcafn;ksa esa ls ,d&nks vkosnu&i= loZFkk fuHkhZd FksA lHkh dh ekaxs ,deq[kh FkhA b/kj&m/kj ls

vkokt mBk] vaneku dk mifuos’k tSlk gS] oSls gh u pyk;k tk, vkSj bls rqjar can fd;k tk,A izk;% lHkh ;gh ekax djus yxs fd

vaneku dk canh mifuos’k vkewy can fd;k tk,A vFkkZr~ fganqLFkku ds lekpkj&i=ksa esa ;gh gYyk ep x;k fd vaneku ds vR;kpkj can

djus ds fy, og mifuos’k gh can djuk pkfg,A caxyk Hkk”kk esa ,sls gh ys[k Nis] D;ksafd mifuos’k gh can djuk vkSj mifuos’k dk

Lo:i cnyuk] buesa tks varj Fkk] mldh lw{erk vFkok ;FkkFkZ Lo:i fganqLFkku esa dksbZ ugha tkurk Fkk vkSj ogka ds canh ,sls ugha Fks

tks ml lw{e varj dks rRdky xzg.k dj ldsaA vr% ^vanekuh; mifuos’k rksM+ks*& bl ukjs ds lgh&lgh vFkZ dk vius mli= esa geus

fun’kZu fd;k FkkA vkxs pydj ;g Li”V gksxk f dbl Hksno’k cafn;ksa dh lk/kkj.k

79

ckn esa ,sls gh opu ij ohj lkojdj dks 6 tuojh ds fnu canhx`g ls eqDr dj jRukfxjh esa LFkkuc} fd;k x;kA

398

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Ikzo`fŸk dk gesa fdl rjg fojks/k djuk iM+kA gekjs vkosnu&i= esa dkjk laLFkk rFkk naM&foKku ds /;s; vkSj O;ogkj fo”k;d tks ppk Z dh

xbZ Fkh] mldh :ijs[kk uhps nh gqbZ gS&

dkjkokl dh O;oLFkk

naM&foKku dk /;s; nafMrksa dk vkfRed] ekufld rFkk ‘kkjhfjd lq/kkj gks] u fd izfr’kks/kA ,d ifj.kkedkjh lk/kuLo:Ik gh] tks bl

uSfrd lq/kkj dks laHko djrk vkSj uSfrd voufr dks jksdrk gS] ;Fkkizek.k vR;ko’;d izfr’kks/k vkSj ‘kklu dk voyacu fd;k tk,A

vHkh rd euq”; LoHkko dh Øwj izo`fŸk;ksa dk iwjk fouk’k u gksus ds dkj.k vkSj ;g vuqHko ckj&ckj gksus ds dkj.k fd naM ds Hk; ls

dbZ yksx vf/kd la;fer jgdj lkekftd ca/kuksa dk ikyu djrs gSa] vijk/kh dks vijk/k ds visf{kr lq[k dh vis{kk vijk/k djus ls

vf/kd nq%[k gksrk gS&bl rjg izR;{k Mj yxus yxs] cl bruk gh naM nsuk vko’;d gSA ijarq og naM O;fDr&fo’ks”k ds rFkk vijk/k dh

ifjfLFkfr ds lkis{k U;wukf/kd dBksj gksA lk/kkj.kr% dksM+ksa vFkok Qkalh dk naM ;fn fuf”k} ugha ekuk tk lds rks Hkh ;g naM ml O;fDr

dks gh fn;k tk,] ftls fdlh Hkh mik; ls lq/kkjuk vlaHko izrhr gksrk gSA

tks nafMr gksrs gSa mudk oxhZdj.k muds vYio;] lq/kkj.kh; LoHkko] vijk/k dk Ik’PkkŸkki] vijk/k dh vFkok nafMr gksus dh la[;k vkfn

dqN LFkwy vk/kkjksa ij gks vkSj mudk lq/kkj.kh; vFkok nqLlq/kkj.kh;] naMuh; vFkok n;uh;&bl izdkj dk foHkktu gksA muesa ;FkklaHko

lfEeJ.k u gksA lq/kkj.kh; vFkok naMuh; oxZ dks ,d gh rjg ds naM ds v/khu ijarq lkSE; ‘kklu ds uhps j[ksa vkSj fojks/kh oxZ dk s

lkis{kr% dBksj vkSj dM+s ‘kklu esa j[kk tk,A lq/kkj ds vuqlkj bl oxZ dks ml oxZ esa vFkok ml oxZ dks bl oxZ esa Mkyk tk,A

;g mn~ns’; dHkh u j[kk tk, fd nafMrksa ls dke djokdj dkjkxkj laLFkk dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr lq/kkjh tk, vFkok dqN vkfFkZd izkfIr dh

tk,A mls bl rjg dh f’k{kk dM+kbZ ls nh tk, f dog igys ls vf/kd vPNk ukxfjd cus vkSj Lora= txr~ esa iqu% izos’k djsA

vaneku tSls LFkku ij f’k{kk xzg.k u djus dk tks vizR;{k fu;e Fkk] og dsoy ‘kSrkuh izo`fŸk dk gh |ksrd FkkA dke dh vfuok;Zrk

cafn;ksa ij dh tk,A f’k{kk fo’ks”kr% lkekftd ln~xq.k vkSj uSfrdrk c<+kusokyh gksA

fo’ks”kr% chl&ckbl o”kksZa rd ds cafn;ksa dks dHkh Hkh vlq/kkj.kh; u le>k tk,] fQj mudk dkuwuh vijk/k pkgs tks gksA bl fu’p; ds

lkFk fd mUgsa Hkkoh

399

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ukxfjd cuk;k tk ldrk gS] O;fDr LoHkko ds vuqlkj l[r vFkok lkSE; ‘kklu }kjk mUgsa f’k{kk nh tk,A mUgsa ,sls O;olk; fl[kk,

tk,a tks lektksi;ksxh rFkk muds pfj= ds iks”kd gksaA chp&chp esa mUgsa euksjatd laxhr] fp=iV vkfn dh vuqefr Hkh nh tk,] tks

muesa jk”Vªh; rFkk ekuoh; xq.kksa ds fodkl esa lgk;d gksA

vFkkZr~ mudh fLFkfr fuR; gh bruh d”Vizn gksuh pkfg,] ftlls dkjkxkj mUgsa ckgjh txr~ ls vf/kd d”Vizn ,oa nqLlg izrhr gksA ij

og nqLlgrk vius vki eksy yh gS] vkSj fu;ekuqdwy vkpj.k j[kdj lkekftd ln~xq.k ftrus ‘kh?kz lh[ksa] mruh gh ‘kh?kzrkiwoZd os iqu%

ml lekt esa Lora=rk dk lq[k vuqHko dj ldrs gSa] ,slh fuf’pr vuqHkwfr muesa mRiUu dh tk,A

;g fl}kar fd dqN oa’kksa esa iki&izo.krk tUefl} gksrh gS] mlh fo’ks”k mnkgj.k rd mldk voyacu fd;k tk,A lk/kkj.kr% ;g fl}

gksus ds fy, ftruk izek.k pkfg,] mldk ‘krka’k Hkh vHkh miyC/k ugha gS] tcfd foijhr izek.k foiqy ek=k esa miyC/k gSaA

mi;qZDr :ijs[kk vR;ar la{ksi esa nsus ls mlds fo/kku lafnX/k izrhr gksaxs] ijarq geus ekSf[kd ppkZ esa mudk foospu fd;k FkkA vaneku

lacaf/kr viuh uhfr geus nj’kkbZ Fkh fd ;|fi tyok;w dh n`f”V ls vaneku orZeku esa LokLF; fo?kkrd gS] fQj Hkh iz;klksa ls og

LokLF;izn gks ldrk gSA jgu&lgu rFkk O;oLFkk mŸke gks rks vaneku esa vkt Hkh nh?kkZ;q”kh rFkk LoLFk turk jg ldrh gSA vaxszt

vkfn laiUu vf/kdkjh m/kj vPNs&Hkys â”V&iq”V jg ldrs gSaA

jk”Vªh; n`f”V ls ;g vko’;d gS fd ,sls yksxksa dks] ftuds LoHkko esa vioknLo:i Øwjrk fn[kkbZ nsrh gS vFkok lkekftd fu;e ckj&ckj

Hkax djus ls tks LkH; lekt esa ugha jg ldrs] fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkjksa esa O;FkZ lM+k&xykdj ekjus dh vis{kk vaneku tSls }hi esa jgus

ds fy, Hkstuk jk”Vªh; n`f”V ls fgrdkjh gSA mlls muds thou dk dqN lkekftd Qy izkIr gksxkA viuk O;fDrxr thou Hkh mUgsa

vf/kd lq[kdj rFkk lq/kkj.kh; izrhr gksxk] D;ksafd f’k”V txr~ d s lkSE; fucZa/kksa esa Hkys gh os viuk ifjokj] viuk lekt cukdj ugha

jg lds] rFkkfi ,sls dBksj vuq’kklu esa] tks mudh mn~naM izo`fŸk dks fu;af=r djs] ogka os lekt cukdj jg ldrs gSaA ,sls LokFkka Z/k

vkSj Øwj yksx Hkh dkjkxkjh; dBksj vuq’kklu esa ekse ls Hkh uje cudj lkekftd fu;eksa dk ikyu djrs gq, ns[ks tkrs gSaA ,sls yksxksa

dks mifuos’k esa fookg dj] O;olk; djds ?kj clkus dh vuqefr nsus ls mudh ‘kfDr Hkh lekt dh n`f”V ls lQy gksxh] lekt ij os

cks> ugha cusaxs] mudh larku ds mŸke ukxfjd cuus dk volj Hkh gkFk ls ugha NwVsxkA Hkkjrh; dkjkxkj eas mUgsa pkSng&pkSng o”kZ

400

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


lM+kus ls brus yksx larkghu jg tkrs gSa] ftlls jk”Vª dk la[;k&cy ?kVrk gSA mifuos’kksa esa mu L=h&iq:”kksa dks dBksj vuq’kklu esa

x`gLFkh clkus dk volj nsus ls blesa o`f} gksxhA dukMk vkSj vkWLVsªfy;k vkfn mifuos’k blh rjg mn~naM vijkf/k;ksa dh larfr ls vkt

va’kr% le`} cuk, x, gSaA blds vfrfjDr f’k”V vkSj le`} ns’kksa esa tks ykxs mn~naM izrhr gksrs gSa] muds fy, ogha mn`naMrk] Øwjrk

rFkk dBksj LoHkko] ccZj] taxyh ,oa mxz yksxksa }kjk vkØfer mtkM+ HkwHkkx dks mitkÅ vkSj le`} cukus ds fy, vko’;d gh ugha]

mi;qDr Hkh gksrk gSA ,rnFkZ vaneku tSls }hi[kaM dks clkus ds fy, bu cafn;ksa dk mi;ksx dj ysus ls ,d u;k mifuos’k fganqLFkku dks

izkIr djk nsus dk egŸoiw.kZ dk;Z muds vkSj gekjs gkFkksa ls gks ldsxkA

gekjk vfHkizk; ;g ugha fd blds fy, vaneku ds dkjkx`g dks can fd;k tk,] gekj vfHkizk; cl ;g gS fd bl mifuos’k dh dsoy

taxyh ,oa Øwjrkiw.kZ uhfr vkSj fucZa/kksa esa ifjorZu fd;k tk,A vaneku esa ^dke dldj fy;k tk,A bruk gh ugha vfirq ;g O;oLFkk

vaneku ds egŸo esa dYiukrhr o`f} djsxhA

vf/kdkfj;ksa ds eu esa tks Hk; lek;k gqvk gS fd vaneku dk egŸo vFkok mls clkus ds fy, vkt rd tks djksM+ks :i;k O;; gqvk]

og lkjk ikuh esa tk,xk&bl Hk; dk dksbZ dkj.k ‘ks”k ugha jgsxk] ;fn gekjh ckrksa ij /;ku fn;k tk,A bruk gh ugha vfirq ;g

O;oLFkk vaneku ds egŸo esa dYiukrhr o`f} djsxhA

rc ls] ftl fnu geus vaneku esa ikao j[kk] gesa ,slk izrhr gksrk jgk gS fd vaneku fganqLFkku dk ,d tynwxZ gSA vkt ugha rks dy]

;gka gokbZ rFkk lkxfjdk dasnz Hkh izLFkkfir fd;k tk,xk vkSj ;fn fganqLFkku ij dHkh iwoZ fn’kk dh jktuhfrd egŸodka{kk dk vU;k;iw.kZ

vkØe.k gqvk rks mlds lkeqfnzd csM+s rFkk gokbZ tgktksa dks vaneku dk nqxZ jksdxkA

bl izdkj vkSj vU; rF;ksa ls Hkjk ,d vkosnu geus vk;ksx dks HkstkA gekjh ekSf[kd ppkZ rFkk vkosnu&i= esa of.kZr vaneku ds

tynqxZ dh ubZ n`f”V ls ;ksX;rk ,oa Hkfo”;ok.kh lqudj vk;ksx ds dbZ yksx ,sls pkSads tSls mUgksaus dqN vn~Hkqr lquk gksA dqN yksx ,sls

gal iM+s tSls mUgksaus dqN lansgkLin lh ckr lquh gksA fQj Hkh ml lwpuk dh muij ,slh Nki yxh fd mldh Le`fr jgsA D;ksafd mlds

Ik’pkr~ gekjs dbZ Ik;Zos{kd eghuksa ml ikap uacj ds fujh{k.kkFkZ vkrs le; lud esa gks rks lkxj dh vksj funsZ’k djrs gq, O;aX; ls

dgrs] ^lkojdj] oks ns[kks] vaneku ds vkids

401

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Hkkoh tynqxZ fLFkr j.krfj;ka b/kj&m/kj igjk ns jgh gSaa eSa Hkh lfLer eqnzk esa dgrk] ^vki ;k eSa ‘kk;n u ns[k ldsa] ijarq gekjh larku

mUgsa vo’; ns[kasxhA*¹80

;g ?kVuk lu~ 1919&20 dh gSA ml le; eSaus ftldh vk’kk O;Dr Fkh fd Hkfo”; esa gekjh larkusa ;g ns[kasxh] og fn[kkbZ nsus dh

laHkkouk vkt vFkkZr~ lu~ 1926 esa gh izrhr gks jgh gS] D;kasfd ijlksa uoacj ds ,d i= esa i<+k fd ^vaneku }hi dk Hkfo”; esa

vijkf/k;ksa ds mifuos’k ds fy, mi;ksx u djrs gq, mls Loiks”k.kkFkZ leFkZ mifuos’k cukus rFkk ukS&lk/ku foHkkx ds ukS lsuk ;k ukS lsuk

¼vkjesMk½ ;a=ksa ds dk;kZsa dh n`f”V ls bl }hi dh tks mi;ksfxrk gS] mlls ykHk mBkus ds fy, fganqLFkku ljdkj us izfro”kZ 411 yk[k

:Ik, O;; djus dh ;kstuk cukbZ gSA*

bl laca/k esa ;gka cl bruk gh dguk vko’;d gS fd lu~ 1910 esa vaneku esa iSj j[krs gh viuh tkudkjh ds vuqlkj bl ;kstuk

ij geus fopkj fd;k] tks vkt rd fdlh ds xys ugha mrjk Fkk] ftldk vkt rd ge ekSf[kd vkSj fyf[kr leFkZu Hkh djrs vk, gSaA

;fn ;g lekpkj lR; gS fd og ;kstuk var esa QyksUeq[k gks jgh gS] rks gesa vR;f/kd izlUurk gSA ijarq gesa ,slk izrhr ugha gksrk fd

vaneku esa lkeqfnzd ,oa ok;wlsuk dk vM~Mk cukus ds fy, ogka vijkf/k;ksa dk mifuos’k can djus dk dksbZ dkj.k ughaA izR;qr gekjs

erkuqlkj og mifuos’k oSls gh&ijarq jk”Vªh; rFkk lq/kkj uhfr ls&pyuk vaneku dh le`f}] laeUurk rFkk lSfud&’kfDr ds fy, loZFkk

vuqdwy gksxkA

80

orZeku esa vaneku esa Hkkjrh; ukS lsuk dk vM~Mk gSA

402

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&8

lSdM+ksa cafn;ksa dh eqfDr

dkjkxkjh; vk;ksx okil ykSV x;kA blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd gekjs lkFk gqbZ ifjppkZ rFkk gekjs vkosnu dk mu lnL;ksa ij vR;f/kd

izHkko iM+k FkkA blesa Hkh lansg ugha fd ml lkjh ppkZ esa ^;fn lq/kkj lQy gksrs jgs rks Økafrdkjh ‘kkafriw.kZ ekxZ dk voyacu djsaxsA*

bl rjg geus tks :[k viuk;k Fkk] mlesa ls gekjs ^;fn&rfn* ls dqfir ,oa lansg’khy gksdj vk;ksx us gekjh eqfDr dk vuqjks/k

fganqLFkku ljdkj ls ugha fd;kA rFkkfi bl Hkkouk ls gtkjksa cafn;ksa ds dY;k.kFkZ vius gkFkksa ls tks dqN laHko Fkk] og geus fd;k vkSj

og Hkh ljdkj dks gesa cjh djus ds fy, dksbZ Hkh U;k¸;k vFkok lkeatL;iw.kZ dkj.k u nsrs gq, geus vkRe&izlUurk dk lq[k vuqHko

fd;kA

m/kj ,slh ?kVuk ?kVh ftlus vk;ksx ds vkus&tkus dh /kka/kyh esa gh fganqLFkku esa jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds iz’u dks&tks vpkud jk”Vªh;

Lo:i iznku fd;k og gS& cacbZ ds jk”Vªh; la?k ¼us’kuy ;wfu;u½ dk lŸkj gtkj gLrk{kjksa ds lkFk Hkstk gqvk vkosnuA fiNys izdj.kk s a

rFkk m}r i=ksa ls ikBdksa us bl ckr ij xkSj fd;k gksxk fd ge cjlksa ls ;gh pkgrs Fks fd blh izdkj ,d fo’kky vkosnu ljdkj dks

Hkstdj bl vksj mldk /;ku vkdf”kZr djsa fd bl fo”k; esa yksder fdruk tkxzr gSA cacbZ] egkjk”Vª fLFkr gekjs ns’kca/kqvksa ds vfojr

iz;klksa ls vkf[kj gekjh dkeuk lQy gks xbZA ljdkj ges’kk dgk djrh Fkh fd Økafrdkfj;ksa ds laca/k esa lk/kkj.k turk vR;ar rVLFk

gS] muds izfr lekt esa jŸkh Hkj Hkh lgkuqHkwfr ugha gSA bruk gh ugha vfirq lk/kkj.k turk mUgsa nq”V] LokFkhZ rFkk ikih vijkf/k;ksa ls

fHkUu ugha le>rhA

bl vkjksi dk mŸkj nsus ds fy, gekjs fopkj ls bl rjg ds jk”Vªh; vkosnu dh furkar vko’;drk FkhA blds vfrfjDr mu ns’kHkDrksa

ds] tks jk”Vªh; fgrkFkZ dej dldj la?k”kZjr gSa] Hkys gh muds ekxZ vuqfpr izrhr gks jgs gksa] rFkkfi [kqysvke ;g

403

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdV djus dk lkgl fn[kkus ls fd bu ns’kizsfe;ksa ds jk”Vªh; ohjksfpr ladYi rFkk ns’klsok dh ge d`rK Le`fr latks jgs gSa&jk”Vªh; eu

ij tks mPp ukSfrd ifj.kke gksrk gS&blds fy, Hkh bl jk”Vªh; vkosnu dh vko’;drk FkhA vius ca/kq ls HksaV ds le; Hkh geus mUgsa

lwfpr fd;k FkkA muds rFkk cacbZ ds ^jk”Vªh; la?k* ds fujarj vkanksyu ls ml vkosnu&i= ij gLrk{kj djus ds fy, yksxksa us tks

mRlkg fn[kk;k] LVs’ku] lM+dsa] ukV~;x`g] xkaoksa esa vusd Lo;alsodks a us tks dBksj ifjJe fd;k] cacbZ tSlh egkuxjh ls ysdj Hkxwj tSls

xkao rd dqyhu efgykvksa us Hkh gLrk{kj djkrs rFkk ijps ckaVrs gq, ?kwe&?kwedj gekjs fy, tks Hkkouk izdV dh vkSj egkjk”Vª dh

rjg gh fu/kkZfjr le; ij ;FkklaHko vU; jkT;ksa esa Hkh ftl ek=k esa lgkuqHkwfr n’kkZbZ xbZ] mlls ianzg fnuksa ds vanj lkB&lŸkj gtkj

gLrk{kjksa dk vkosnu&i= fganqLFkku ds jktcafn;ksa ds bfrgkl dh ,d Lej.kh; ?kVuk cu xbZ FkhA bruk gh ugha] ;g bl ckr dk Hkh

lcy fun’kZd Fkk fd fganqLFkku dk jk”Vªh; Hkko rFkk og lkgl tks mls O;Dr djrk gS] fdl rjg o`f}xar gks jgk gS] D;ksafd ,d le;

Økafrdkfj;ksa dk uke ysus Hkj ls yksxksa dk dystk dkai mBrk Fkk rFkk lquusokys dks lkai lwa/k tkrk FkkA cM+h&cM+h jk”Vªh; gfLr;ka rFkk

lekpkj&i= muds ukeksa dk ^jktJh* vkfn miin ds lkFk mYys[k u djrs gq, fdlh v/ke] ifrr ds uke dh rjg ,dopu esa mYys[k

djrs FksA

bl vkosnu&i= esa ;g ekax dh xbZ Fkh fd fganqLFkku ds lHkh jktcafn;ksa vkSj lkFk gh ge ij ljdkj ds fo’ks”k jks”k ls ge nksuksa ca/kqvksa

dks Hkh ‘kh?kz eqDr fd;k tk,A vR;ar vYikof/k gksus ds dkj.k gLrk{kj eq[;r% egkjk”Vª ls gh fy, x,A Ik;kZIr le; gksrk rks lHkh

jkT;ksa us blh rjg gLrk{kj Hksts gksrsA vYikof/k ds ckotwn gj jkT; ls Lfkwy ek=k esa gLrk{kj vk gh pqds FksA

gekjk mi;qZDr mn~ns’; iwjk gksus ls bl vkosnu&i= ls ge jktcafn;ksa dks dSlk izrhr gks jgk Fkk\ ;g lu~ 1920 esa vaneku ls Hksts

gq, rRdkyhu i= ds fuEukafdr ifjPNsn ls O;Dr gksxk&

^/kU;okn! mu lHkh dks yk[k&yk[k /kU;okn] ftu usrkvksa] ns’kca/kqvksa fo’ks”kr% ftl jk”Vªh; la?k ¼Bombay National Union½ us Hkkjrh;

jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds fy, ;g vkosnu&i= Hkstus dk ftEek ysdj gLrk{kjksa ds lkFk bls laln~ rd Hkstus dk d”V mBk;kA bruh

vYikof/k esa iprŸkj gtkj ls Åij gLrk{kjksaokyk vkosnu&i= ljdkj ij egŸiw.kZ] fQj og vizR;{k gh D;ksa u gks] izHkko Mkys fcuk

ugha jgsxkA U;wur% bruk rks gks gh x;k fd ml ;ksx ls lekt ls lekt esa jktcafn;ksa dh uSfrd izfr”Bk c<+ xbZ vkSj jktcafn;ksa ds

lkFk&lkFk ml dk;Z dh Hkh] ftlds fy, mUgksaus

404

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


bruk Lka?k”kZ fd;kA vc ;fn dgha gekjh eqfDr gks xbZ rks og Lohdk;Z gksxh] D;ksafd vc turk us gesa okil cqykus dh bPNk O;Dr dh

gSA vius bu ns’kca/kqvksa dh lgkuqHkwfr ls geas fdruh izlUurk gks jgh gS rFkk ge muds izfr fdrus d`rK gSa& bls ge iw.kZr;k O;Dr

djus esa vleFkZ gSaA blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd ge ftruk vius vkidks ;ksX; le>rs gSa] mUgksaus mlls gekjk vf/kd vknj&lRdkj

fd;kA*

FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa ljdkj us jktcafn;ksa dks {keknku nsdj eqDr djus dk ladYi O;Dr fd;ka blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd ftl rjg

jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr dk lsgjk iwokZ ij pys vk, vkanksyuksa ds flj ij cka/kuk pkfg,] mlh rjg mi;ZqDr lkoZtfud vkosnu Hkh bl

lsgjs dk vf/kdkjh gSA

,d fnu ge dkjkxkjh; dke ls fuiVdj Hkhrj can gksus ls igys vU; cafn;ksa ds lkFk [kM+s Fks fd jktcafn;ksa esa ls gekjk ,d fl[k

fe= Hkkxk&Hkkxk gekjs ikl vk /kedk vkSj tksj&tksj ls rkfy;ka ctkrs gq, dgus yxk] ^^ckcwth] eqfDr! jktcafn;ksa dks cjh djus dk

vkns’k vk x;k gSA vki cjh gks x, ckcwth] vki vc vktkn iaNh gSA**

eqfDr! dksbZ vktUe dkjkokl vFkok Qkalh dh dksBjh esa can iM+s canh ds var%dj.k ls iwNs] bl ‘kCn dh laHkkouk ls gh eu fdl rjg

>we mBrk gSA ml bekjr ds lkjs jktcanh pkSadrs gq, bdV~Bk gks x, vkSj ^eqfDr&eqDr* dk t;ukn djus yxsA

ijarq^ eqfDr* ‘kCn geus bruh ckj lquk Fkk vkSj bruh ckj ge mlls /kks[kk [kk pqds Fks fd gekjs fu”Bqj eu esa mldh izlUurk vf/kd

nsj rd fVdh ugha jg ldhA lu~ 1911 esas ,d jktcanh blh rjg Hkkxk&Hkkxk vkdj jkT;kjksg.k mRlo ds dkj.k gesa cjh fd, tkus dk

lekpkj ugha lquk x;k Fkk\ rc lkjs jktcanh viuk&viuk cksfj;k&fcLrj cka/kdj tkus ds fy, rS;kj Hkh gks x, FksA ml izlax dks

vkt vkB&ukS o”kZ chr pqds gSa vkSj ge vHkh rd mlh dkjkxkj esa] mUgha lyk[kksa ds ihNs lM+ jg gSaA fdrus lkjs vU; jktcanh vk,

vkSj pys Hkh x,A

vr% ge vius fe= ls cM+h ckjhdh ls& ,dne cky dh [kkky fudkyrs gq, dqjsn&dqjsndj iwN jgs Fks&bl lekpkj dk vk/kkj crkvks]

Hkk”kk D;k gS] Ûksr D;k gS] rkj vk;k Fkk D;k\ mu fnuksa ckgj ls lekpkj izkIr djus dh gekjh O;oLFkk bruh cf<+;k gks xbZ Fkh fd

tSls gh vaneku esa dksbZ rkj vf/kdkfj;ksa ds gkFkksa esa iM+rk oSls gh mldh ,d izfr lkr leqnz] igjs] nhokjsa] rkys] pqxfy;ka] gFkdfM+;ka

vkfn lkjh ck/kkvksa dks yka?krh gqbZ ge jktcafn;ksa ds gkFkksa esa Hkh vk tkrhA mlh rjg ml fnu ds rkj dh izfr] tks gekjs fy, Hksth

xbZ Fkh] fdlh okWMZj us xqipqi gesa nsus ds

405

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fy, gekjs fe= ds gkFkksa esa nh FkhA gekjs O;aX; xk.k NksM+rs gh mlus eqLdqjkrs gq, og og izfr gekjs gkFk esa FkekbZ vkSj ^vc rks gks

x;k fo’okl!** dgrs gq, og fot;kuan ds lkFk gesa >d>ksjus yxkA

geus rkj i<+kA jktcanh cjh ugha gksxk] ijarq og okD; geus vius fe= dks fn[kkrs gq, dgk] ^^;g ns[kk&So far as it is compatible

with public safety.** vFkkZr~ ml jkt{kek ¼amnesty½ dk mi;ksx cl mruk gh djsa ftruk lkoZtfud lqj{kk ds vuqdwy gksA vFkkZr~

izk;% ge nksuksa ca/kqvksa rFkk vU; rh[ks LoHkkookys ns’kHkDrksa dks ugha NksM+k tk,xkA ;g vk’kadk geus iznf’kZr dh] rFkkfi ekuoh izo~fŸko’k

mls lp ekuus dks dksbZ rS;kj ugha FkkA lHkh yksx lqcg rd eqfDr dh izrh{kk esa vka[ksa fcNk jgs FksA ge fuR; dh rjg ckj&ckj

psrkouh nsrs jgs fd ;g fuf’pr gS fd dbZ jktcanh cjh gksaxs vkSj larks”ktud rFkk viuh vkaf’kd ft; gh gS] ijarq lHkh ds eqDr u

gksus dh laHkkouk vf/kd gSA vr% ml ij Hkjkslk er djuk] vU;Fkk fujk’kk dh rhozrk vf/kd nqLlg gksxhA ;g Lej.k j[kuk fd b/kj

vaneku esa gesa lgt tw>rs] dq<+rs ijarq ;FkklaHko jk”Vªdk;Z djrs ejuk gS&cl] bruk gh fuf’pr gS] ‘ks”k lcdqN laHkkouk ek= gSA

vkSj ;gh gqvkA ml le; ml jkt{kek ls ge rks eqDr gq, ugha&ijarq mu jktcafn;ksa esa ls Hkh] tks gekjs cgqr o”kZ ckn vk, Fks&vusd

ns’kHkDr cjh ugha gq,A dbZ jktcanh rks vkt Hkh fganqLFkku esa fofHkUu dkjkoklksa esa can gSaA bZ’oj mudh eqfDr dc djsxk\ ns[ksa!

lkSHkkX;o’k tks rRdky cjh gks x,] muesa izFker% ,sls dbZ yksx Fks ftUgsa iatkc vkSj xqtjkr esa lSfud ‘kklu us nafMr fd;k FkkA muesas

ls db;ksa dks ianzg&chl&iPphl o”kksZa rd dk naM feyk FkkA ijarq dkjkxkj esa ikao j[krs gh Ms<+&nks&o”kksZa esa gh os eqDr gks x,A

naxs&Qlkn ds vfHk;ksx esa nafMr u gksrs gq, fo’kq} jkT;Økafr ds “kM~;a= ds fy, nafMr gk susokyksa esa {keknku ds Mads dk igyk YkkHk

ekf.kdrYyk ds jktcafn;ksa rFkk iatkc vkSj dk’kh ds dbZ vfHk;qDr Økafrdkfj;ksa dks feyk vkSj os eqDr gks x,a mudh eqfDr d fnu

fdruk g”kZnk;d rFkk lqgkuk FkkA ijarq g”kZ esa Hkh fuxq<+ nq%[k dh ik’oZHkwfe eSa ns[k jgk Fkk vkSj vius fo’oluh; fe=ksa rFkk lg

d”VHkksfx;ksa dks fn[kk jgk Fkk fd tks f’ko/kuq”k geus mBk;k gS] ftl egku~ /;s; dks izkIr djus ds fy, ;g ,d mi;q} yM+k x;k gS]

tc rd og lk/; ugha gksrk rc rd vkt dh eqfDr vkuan gksrs gq, Hkh {kf.kd gSA vkt eqDr gks x, blfy, vkuan dk {k.k] ijarq

^’krohj ‘kr lejs* la?k”kZ rks djrs gh gSaA

,d nwljh egŸoiw.kZ ckr Hkh eSa fo’ks”k mYys[k ds lkFk dgrk Fkk fd ;|fi

406

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


bl eqfDr esa ,sls yksx Fks tks ljdkj dh uhfr ds vuqlkj pyrs gSa( ijarq dqN ,sls Hkh dV~Vj jktcanh gSa ftUgksaus lHkh gM+rkyks a esa usr`Ro

fd;k Fkk vkSj ^vfXu Hk{kd* ds :Ik esa mudk loZ= Madk ct jgk FkkA muesa ls ,d us rks iwjh&dh&iwjh bekjr esa nunukrs gq, ^xnj*

if=dk ds xhr cafn;ksa dks lquk, Fks] muesa ls ,d ds /kzqo in dh /ofu ^vks[ksa [kksyks Hkkjrh; yksxksa] jk”Vª xjdrk tkrk gS* vkt Hkh

dkuksa esa xwat jgh gS] mls Hkh eqfDr feyhA blij esjk ;g dguk lgh Fkk fd jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr dh leL;k izeq[kr% vaneku esa muds

dkjkxkjh; vkpj.k ls vf/kd fganqLFkku ds jktuhfrd {ks=ksa esa muds LFkku rFkk laHkkO; uhfr vkSj O;ogkj ij fuHkZj gksxhA vU;Fkk tks

;gh dgrs gSa vkSj ;gh vkpj.k djrs gSa fd dkjkxkj esa ekukieku dk ?kwaV ihdj e`ror~ pqipki iM+s jgks vkSj lkoZtfud laxfBr

vkanksyu dks R;kxdj de&ls&de fn[kkoVh rkSj ij gka esa gka feykrs jgks] dgusokyksa dks gh eqfDr feyhA blh ckr ij izeq[kr% fopkj

fd;k tk, rks fonzksg i{k ds dbZ jktcafn;ksa rFkk dbZ lk/kkj.k ijarq ns’k&fgrS”kh cafn;ksa ij uSfrd n`f”V ls fo?kkrd ifj.kke gksrk vkSj

muesa gekjs lkoZtfud vkanksyu ls viuk gkFk [khapdj vyx gksus dh Hkh: izofŸk mRiUu gksrhA

;g dkjkxkjh; rkRdkfyd ckr NksM+ Hkh nsa rks bl eqDr yksxksa esa gekjs mu caxky cka/koksa dks] ftUgksaus Hkkjrh; jkT;Økafr ds izFke Øwj

vk?kkr dks ca/kqor~ vius eLrd ij >syk vkSj tks yxHkx nl o”kksZa ls gekjs nq%[kksa] d”Vksa esa lg;ksxh Fks] ml dkjkxkj ds dBksj nkarksa ls

eqDr gksrs ns[kdj gesa vR;ar izlUurk gks jgh Fkh vkSj geus muls feydj mudk ;Fkksfpr vfHkuanu fd;kA muesa ls tks vkTkUe

dkjkoklh gksdj Hkh ikap&lkr o”kksZa esa gh cjh gksdj tk jgs Fks] muesa Hkh ,sls yksx Fks tks gekjs fudV] ifjfpr rFkk rstkseafMr

ns’kfHkekuh FksA gekjs fl[k vkfn jktcafn;ksa dh Vksyh us eqDr gksrs&u&gksrs ,d lqj esa jk”Vªh; Økafr ds xhr&xkdj leqnz&xeu dk ekxZ

xqatk;kA

lquk gS] phQ dfe’uj us bl fo”k; esa fy[ks vius izfrosnu esa ;g er iznf’kZr fd;k fd ^;s ‘kSrku ds cPps&These devils&vktUe

dkjkokl ij iqu% vk, fcuk ugha jgsaxsA* og laHkouh; gh FkkA

bu jktcafn;ksa ls vuqca/k&i= ij gLrk{kj djok;k tkrk&^eSa Hkfo”; esa dHkh Hkh ;k veqd o”kksZa rd jktuhfr vkSj jkT;Økafr esa Hkkx

ugha ywaxkA iqu% ;fn eq> ij jktnzksg dk vkjksi fl} gks x;k rks eSa viuk foxr moZfjr vktUe dkjkokl dk naM Hkh HkqxrwaxkA*

{keknku dk rkj&ftldk mYys[k ihNs fd;k x;k gS&vkus ds I’pkr~ jktcafn;ksa esa xjekgV esa xjekxje cgl gksus yxh fd ;fn ,slh ‘krZ

Fkksi nh tk, rks mldks Lohdkj djsa ;k ughaA eSa dgrk jgk fd Hkfo”;dkyhu rFkk jk”Vªh; fgrkuqdwy dksbZ

407

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Hkh ‘krZ ekuh tk,A f’kokth&t;flag] f’kokth&vQty] pedksj ds Ik’pkr~ iyk;u esa Jh xq:xksfoan rFkk Lo;a Hkxoku~ Jhd`”.k ds vusd

mnkgj.kksa ls lHkh ds eu ij eSa ;gh vafdr dj jgk FkkA tks eku/ku] ftn~nh Fks] mu ohjksa dks ;g ckr ekU; ugha gks jgh FkhA brus

d”V] ;a=.kk,a >sydj Hkh ftudk ladYi jŸkh Hkj Hkh ugha fMxk Fkk] mUgsa esjk fojk/k djrs ns[kdj esjs eu esa vius ns’k ds Hkfo”; ds

fo”k; esa vf/kdkf/kd vk’kk iuius yxhA ijarq var esa eSa muds xys esa ;g mrkjrs esa lQy jgk fd oSlk gh djuk mfpr gS] jktcafn;ksa

dh eqfDr ds le; lcus vuqca/k&i= ij vk[ksa ewandj gLrk{kj fd, vkSj fQj dkjkxkj dk rkyk rksM+ fn;kA

muds ihNs&ihNs ,d&,d Vksyh djrs&djrs vusd jktcanh cjh gks x,A Jh;qr~ HkkbZ ijekuan dh eqfDr ls rks lHkh ds eu esa izlUurk dh

ygj nkSM+ xbZA D;ksafd ;|fi mUgsa dkjkxkj esa vk, ikap o”kZ Hkh ugha gq, Fks rFkkfi ogka ds thou ls rFkk ekuork ls oafpr ml

nq”Vrkiw.kZ okrkoj.k esa lkal ysus ls brus Åc pqds Fks fd mUgksaus vkRekiZ.k djus dk fu’p; fd;k vkSj ,d eghus ds Åij vUu&R;kx

djds e`R;q rd vu’kuozr vkjaHk fd;k FkkA¹81 geus mUgsa dbZ rjg ls ml o`fŸk ls foeq[k djus ds fy, dej dlh gqbZ FkhA var esa

{keknku dk lekpkj lqudj mlesa muds cjh gksus dh laHkkouk fn[kkbZ nsus yxhA rc mUgsa cyiwoZd ukd esa ufydk yxkdj nw/k fiyk;k

tkrkA muds vUu xzg.k djus ds Ik’pkr~ FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa mudh eqfDr dk izlUurknk;d lekpkj vk x;kA cM+s LusgiwoZd gels feyrs

gq, ^okLro esa vkids cjh gksus dh ckjh FkhA eq>s tkus esa cM+k ladksp gks jgk gS* dgrs gq, vJqiw.kZ us=ksa ls mUgksaus gels fonk yhA

geus ;g dgrs gq, fd ^vkidks tkrs ns[kdj gesa bruh izlUurk gks jgh gS fd vius dks gh Hkwy x;k gwa* mUgsa izhfriwoZd fonk fd;kA

jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr dh laHkkouk fn[krs gh ml fnu ls ysdj eqfDr lacaf/kr vafre Vksyh ds cjh gksus rd lkIrkfgd ,oa nSfud cSBdksa

esa] ladVksa esa vius ns’k dh Lora=rk ds fy, vc fdl lkoZtfud dk;ZØe dh ;kstuk cukbZ tk,] ge rFkk gekjs lkFkh loZ= bldh

ppkZ djrs jgs FksA bl dkjkxkj esa vkrs le; os ns’kHkDr ,oa LokFkZR;kxh iq:”k Fk s] ijarq mu ikap&nl o”kksZa esa muesa ls izR;sd canh bruk

f’kf{kr] lgu’khy rFkk fopkj’khy cu x;k Fkk fd muesa ls izk;% lHkh loZFkk ;FkkFkZ:is.k ^ukyank fogkj* ds vkpk;Z vFkok Lukrd dh

mikf/k ds ;ksX; cu x, FksA vc os u

81

ijekuan dks feJd dk dke fn;k x;k FkkA ijarq muds }kjk iRuh dks Hksts gq, i= esa vaneku dh Hkh”k.k fLFkfr dk o.kZu gksus ls

og i= izdkf’kr gks x;k vkSj ijekuan dks dfu”B dke fn;k x;k] ftlls os >qa>yk x,A

408

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dsoy lSfud Fks izR;qr lsukuh gksus ;ksX; Hkh Fks] D;ksafd mudk euksosx u dsoy rkRdkfyd mŸkstuk ij fVdk Fkk izR;qr o”kksaZ rd Hkksxs gq,

naM ls ridj vkSj Lo;a la;fer cy ls ned jgk FkkA ;g ns[k gesa cM+h [kq’kh gksrhA ;g ns[kdj fd gekjs lgs gq, d”Vksa ds Qy }kjk

dqN&u&dqN rks Lons’k dks feysxk gh] bu yksxksa ds ek/;e ls vius fopkj vkSj dk;Z Lojk”Vª esa dqN rks vo’; Qsysaxs] mik;ksftr gksaxs]

blls gesa vkRerqf”V izkIr gksrhA muesa ls dbZ ,sls Fks ftUgsa vkRegR;k ds xM~<s ds fdukjs ls geus vius gkFkksa ls idM+dj ihNs [khapk

FkkA vkf[kj muds eqDr thou ls vc jk”Vª dks ykHk gksxk] bl larks”k dk vkLokn ge ckj&ckj ysrs jgsA

jktcafn;ksa dh Vksfy;ka NwVrs&NwVrs vkf[kj rhl&,d Nus gq, tks yksx ogka jgs] lgt gh gS fd muesa ge nksuksa ca/kq Hkh FksA ijarq vU;ksa esa

dqN jktcanh ,sls Hkh Fks fd fganqLFkku ds Økafrdkjh d`R;ksa vFkok vaneku ds dkjkoklh] fdlh Hkh n`f”V ls ns[kk tk, rks muls vf/kd

^/k`”V’khy* rFkk ^nqjkxzgh* jktcanh ds eqDr gksus ij Hkh ;g le>uk vlaHko Fkk fd mUgsa cjh D;ksa ugha fd;k x;k\ bu jktcafn;ksa esa ls

lSdM+ksa yksxksa dks eqDr djus dh /kka/kyh esa gj O;fDr dks Bhd ls Nkuchu ugha fd, tkus ds dkj.k vkSj izk;% Nkuchu djus dk dk sbZ

Hkh ,d eki fuf’pr ugha gksus ds dkj.k dbZ ckj xsgwa ds lkFk ?kqu Hkh ihlk x;kA

nl o”kksZa ls ,fM+;k jxM+rs&jxM+rs jktcafn;ksa dh efDr dk tks ;g egkioZ vk;k Fkk] mlesa ls ge lw[ks&ds&lw[ks gh ckjg fudysA gekjs

lkFk vk, vktUe dkjkoklh cjh gks x,A gekjs ihNs&ihNs vk, canh Hkh cjh gks x,A gekjs lkr&vkB o”kksZa ckn vk, vktUe dkjkoklh

,d&nks o”kZ naM Hkqxrdj cjh gks x,] ijarq ge tSls Fks oSls gh iM+s jgs] ,d fnu dh Hkh NwV ugha feyhA

bl ?kVuk dk fganqLFkku ds yksxksa ij FkksM+k&cgqr izHkko gq, fcuk ugha jgkA T;ksa&T;ksa ljdkj gesa ihNs <dsyrh jgh R;ksa&R;ks a yksd&ân; dh

n`f”V esa Le`fr gh izeq[kr% vkxs&vkxs [kM+h jgrhA fnYyh esa ofj”B fo/kkueaMy182

ds yksdizfrfuf/k;ksa us vusd iz’u iwNsA lekpkj&i=ksa esa

lrr ekax gksrh jghA jk”Vªh; lHkk ds dk;Zdkjh eaMy dh cSBd esa izLrko fd;k x;k fd ^lkojdj ca/kqvksa vkSj iatkc ds cksxkjru pkS/kh

dks ljdkj NksM+ nsA*

vkf[kj gekjk Hkkx [kqy x;k vkSj ge Hkh eqDr gks x,A vU; cafn;ksa dks vaneku ls eqDr dj tc mUgsa fganqLFkku Hkstk x;k] rc gesa

viuh bekjr ls fudkydj dkjkxkj ds vkaxu esa vkus dh vuqefr fey xbZA283

ogka ls nl&ikap fuosnu gksrs

82

24 Qjojh] 1920 ds fnu foV~ByHkkbZ iVsy vkSj [kkiMsZ us ;g iz’u iwNkA 83

14 tqykbZ] 1920A

409

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


cgqr Mjrs&Mjrs ys[;ky; ¼n¶rj½ ds }kj rd tkus fn;k x;kA ogka QkWeZ Hkjus ds fy, dgk tkrk Fkk] ftUgsa Hkjdj ml ys[;ky; ds

}kj ij nsuk iM+rkA gka] }kj ds Hkhrj ikao j[kuk euk FkkA

,d ckj rks og }kj Hkh can gks x;kA dkj.k\ geus dqN fd;k\ ughaA jktcafn;ksa esa ls ,d tu fganqLFkku esa i= Hkstus ds iz;kl eas Fkk

fd og ,d okWMZj ds gkFkksa idM+k x;kA mlesa ogka ds jktcafn;ksa vkfn dh O;Fkk lekpkj&i= ds fy, fy[kh FkhA cl fQj D;k Fkk] mu

yksxksa dks rks fu;ekuqlkj naM gks gh x;k] gekjs fy, Hkh dksbZ izfrdwy ?kVuk gksrh rks ifj.kke gesa Hkqxruk iM+rkA

bl vU;k; dk nq[kM+k jksrs&jksrs iqu% ,d ckj ys[;ky; ds njokts ij ikao j[k ik,A ek= ikao ghA

bl le; gesa nl o”kZ iwjs gks jgs FksA ukS rks gks gh pqds FksA vr% vkosnu&i= Hkstus dk /kwe&/kM+kdk pyk;k fd tc esjs lkFkh

jktcafn;ksa dks dkjkxkj ls ckgj ?kwurs rFkk ,d dks rks jgus ds fy, Hkh NksM+k x;k Fkk ¼var esa tSlk ihNs mYYks[k fd;k] oSlk lkQ cjh

gksus ls iwoZ½ vkSj tcfd eq>ls vusd o”kksaZ Ik’pkr~ vk, jktcafn;ksa dks Hkh dkj[kkus esa ofj”Bksa ds dke] Nkik[kkuk vkfn esa txg nh

xbZ&os Hkh ckgj tk ldrs Fks] rc eq>s Hkh fVdV ij ckgj tkdj Lora= :i esa clus dh vuqefr nh tk,A lSdM+ksa vktUe dkjkoklh

jktcanh vkSj lk/kkj.k canh pkj&ikap vFkok ,d&nks o”kksaZ esa Hkh vktUe dkjkokl naM lekIr djds cjh gksdj fganqLFkku ykSVs] eq>s

fVdV ij nl o”kksaZ ds I’pkr~ de&ls&de vaneku esa rks NksM+k tk,a ijarq ughaA mŸkj vk x;k] nl o”kZ esa vHkh cgqr fnu de gSaA ;g

fu;e ds fo:} gSA

esjs fy, lkjs izfrdwy fu;keksa dh ?kfVdk iy ukidj ikyu dh tkrh] ijarq vuqdwy fu;e gh ‘ks”k ugha jgrkA ikap o”kksZa ds i’pkr~ HksaV

gksus dk fu;e] ijarq eq>s lkr&vkB o”kksaZ eas Hkh HksaV dh NwV ugha feyhA fVdV ds le; nl o”kksaZ dk fu;e rks gw&cgw ikyu djuk

pkfg,A

D;k mldk lgh&lgh ikyu gks x;k\ fcYdqy ughaA nl o”kZ chrus ds ckn fVdV dk le; vkus ij Hkh ge dkjkx`g esa gh FksA

Ikjarq vc ;|fi eSa dkjkxkj esa Fkk] ij forman ds in ij Fkk vkSj iwjk ,d :i;k eghuk osru feyus yxk Fkk] og Hkh blfy, fd

ge ij cM+h d`ik gks xbZ FkhA ge mu vf/kdkfj;ksa ds O;fDr’k% vkHkkjh gSa ftUgksaus gesa ;s lqfo/kk,a nsus ;ksX; volj fn;kA dksbZ ckr

ugha] gks x, forman] gks dh x,A vU; yksx geij O;aX;

410

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dlrs] ^fcYdqy vYif’kf{kr canh Hkh tks vkids ihNs vk, ^cM+s ckcw* cudj vius vf/kdkj dk rqurquk ctk jgs gSa vkSj vkidks dsoy

^rsy xksnke* dk O;oLFkkid gh fu;qDr fd;k x;k u! ;g D;k\*

ge Hkh galh&galh esa pqVdh dkVrs] ^vjs] rfud fopkj rks djksA vf/kdkj dkSu lk gS\ ckcw\ ijarq izR;{k canh] Ik;Zos{kd] dfe’uj Hkh

ek= Man vFkkZr~ euq”; gSa] tcfd ge Foreman gSaA QksjeSu dk vFkZ gS euq”;ksa dk vxz.khA vkf[kj ljdkj us gekjk ewY; igpku gh

fy;kA mlus gekjk og lEeku fd;k tks okbljkWl dks Hkh ugha feyk FkkA Foreman] ^ujkxz.kh*! vkSj D;k pkfg,\*

^ujkxz.kh* in izkIr gksrs gh gesa ^rsy xksnke* ds dkj[kkus ij fu;qDr fd;k x;kA84 ml dkjkxkjh; jkT; esa lcdh jk; esa og ^rsy

xksnke* dk bykdk vR;ar egŸoiw.kZ ,oa lEekuuh; le>k tkrk] D;ksafd ;gha ij gtkjksa ikSaM rsy Hkjs lSdM+ksa ihis izfrekl rs;kj gksrsA

vaneku esa izeq[k mRiknu ukfj;y FkkA ukfj;y QksM+dj ml dq[;kr ^dksYgw* ls tks rsy fudyrk] og lc bl xksnku esa nks&rhu

cM+h&cM+h Vafd;ksa esa Hkjdj j[kk tkrkA rsy dh ekax vkrs gh Hkhedk; ihis Hkjs tkrs vkSj jaxwu] dydŸkk vkfn LFkkuksa ij gtkjksa :i,

ewY; dk og lkeku Hkstk tkrkA ;g ml NksVs ls varjkZ”Vªh; O;kikj dk izeq[k dsanz] ;g ml dkjkxkjh; jkT; dk egŸoiw.kZ izeq[k izkar]

vkSj vc ge mlds vf/kdkjh cu x, FksA ,slk oSHkoiw.kZ LFkku gekjs v/khu gks x;k FkkA nwljksa dk fny tys ,slk LFkku] ,slk oSHko gesa

izkIr gks x;k FkkA

bl ,s’o;Z rFkk lq[knk;h izlax dks ,d Lora= rFkk uohu izdj.k dk lEeku nsuk pkfg,A

84

4uoacj] 1920

411

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&9

vaneku esa fganh dk izpkj

lu~ 1906 ls ge fganh dks jk”Vªh; Hkk”kk ds :i esa lEeku fnykus rFkk ;FkklaHko mik;ksa ls mldk izpkj djus ds fy, lrr iz;Rujr

FksA tc ge baXySaM eas Fks rc ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ds lnL; gj jkr lksus ls igys laxfBr :i esa rFkk ,d Loj esa viuk tks jk”Vªh;

ladYi dk ikB djrs] mlesa ^fganqLFkku dks Lora= djuk] fganqLFkku dks ,d jk”Vª djuk] fganqLFkku esa iztkra= dh LFkkiuk djuk*& bl

lw=ksa ds lkFk gh pkSFkk lw= ?kksf”kr fd;k tkrk&fganh dks jk”VªHkk”kk cukuk] ukxjh dks jk”Vfyfi cukukA¹85

bl uhfr ds vuqlkj laxBu vkSj izpkj djus ds fy, tks Hkh FkksM+k volj izkIr gksrk] mlesa geus lu~ 1911 esa gh tks dk;ZØe eu esa

iDdk fd;k] fganh izpkj mlesa ,d eq[; fo”k; FkkA

ml le; ;g /kkj.kk bruh ladqfpr Fkh fd fganh dks jk”VªHkk”kk cuk;k tk,] bl dYiuk dks cM+s&cM+s usrk Hkh cpius dh ckr le>rs FksA

lk/kkj.k yksxksa ds fy, rks og vifjfpr gh FkhA vkxs pydj bl vkanksyu dks bruk egŸo izkIr gqvk Fkk ckn esa yksdekU; fryd ;k

egkRek xka/kh }kjk mldk izR;{k leFkZu djus dh fLFkfr Hkh vkbZA ml le; dsoy ukxjh izpkfj.kh lHkk vkSj vk;Zlekt ds pan yksx gh

fo’ks”kr% bl vkanksyu ds leFkZd FksA blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd Lokeh n;kuan ljLorh dks ;g ?kksf”kr djus dk gh ugha fd fganh

jk”VªHkk”kk gS] vfirq mlesa xzaFk ys[kd dk Hkh izFke lEeku izkIr gSA

,slh voLFkk esa tc ge lu~ 1911 ls lHkh Hkkjrh; jktcafn;ksa rFkk lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa ls fganh lh[kus dk vuqjks/k djus yxs] rc bl

rF; ls gh fookn djuk iM+Rkk

85

Lkojdj dk ;g iz;kl lkal rd tkjh FkkA viuh Hkk”kk esa ?kqls vuko’;d ijdh; ‘kCn fudkydj mUgksaus vusd vius ‘kCn :<+

fd,A Lora= Hkkjr ds laf/k/kku us fganh Hkk”kk vkSj nsoukxjh fyfi dks Lohdkj fd;kA ^Hkk”kk ‘kqf}* iqLrdA

412

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fd fganh Hkk”kk gS Hkh ;k ugha\ egkjk”Vª rFkk vU; nf{k.k ds yksxksa dks fganh Hkk”kk ‘kCn Hkh u;k lk izrhr gksrkA os ml Hkk”kk dks

eqlyekuh Hkk”kk dgk djrs Fks] D;ksafd nf{k.kk eqlyekuksa dh ogh ekr`Hkk”kk de&ls&de lekt Hkk”kk gksrh gSA mŸkj ds canh tkurs Fks fd

;g fganqvksa dh gh Hkk”kk gS vkSj vkB djksM+ fganw&eqlyeku vkt Hkh ekr`Hkk”kk ds :i esa mldk iz;ksx djrs gSaA ijarq fQj Hkh og

jk”VªHkk”kk dgykus ;ksX; ugha gS] ,slk os dgrs FksA dksbZ dgrk] blesa O;kdj.k ugha( dksbZ dgrk] blesa lkfgR; ughaA enzklh vkfn yksxksa

dk fganh dks jk”VªHkk”kk u ekuuk LokHkkfod Fkk] ijarq fojks/k caxkyh ;qodksa esa gh vf/kd n`Xxkspj gksrk Fkk] D;ksafd muesa LokHkkfod

egŸodka{kk Fkh fd caxyk jk”VªHkk”kk cuus dh vf/kdkfj.kh gS] D;ksafd pkj djksM+ yksx caxyk cksyrs gSa vkSj ejkBh dh rjg gh lkfgR; ds

{ks= esa Hkh og fganqLFkkuh Hkk”kkvksa esa vxz.kh gSA rFkkfi caxky ds gh ,d usrk Jh fe= us cgqr igys gh bl ckr dks Lohdkj fd;k Fkk

fd fganh esa jk”VªHkk”kk gksus dh ;ksX;rk vf/kd gSA bruk gh ugha vfirq fganh dk leFkZu djus ds fy, mUgksaus ,d if=dk Hkh fudkyh

FkhA

bl lHkh vk{ksiksa dk ckj&ckj fujkdj.k djds eSa ukuk rdksaZ }kjk lHkh ds xys ;g mrkjus dk iz;kl djrk fd lkfgR;] O;kdj.k]

izkS<+rk] HkforO;rk rFkk {kerk] bu xq.kksa ls la[;kcy ln`’k gh fganh jk”VªHkk”kk gksus ds ;ksX; gSA bruk gh ugha] blls iwoZ gh vifjgk;Z

:i ls og jk”VªHkk”kk cu pqdh gSA blds fy, fganh ds mŸkeksŸke Js”B izkphu xazFk eaxok,aA ;g lgh gS fd fganh esa uohu lkfgR; ugha gS]

ijarq vc mldk bruh rst xfr ls fuekZ.k gks jgk gS fd ;fn vki lHkh ;Ru djsaxs rks fganh lkfgR; bruk Js”B gksxk fd ikap&,d o”kksaZ

esa og laiw.kZ fo’o esa Hkh egŸoiw.kZ gks tk,xkA fganh dks jk”VªHkk”kk cukuk ugha gS] og rks jk”VªHkk”kk gS ghA jkes’oje dk o Sjkxh vkSj

O;kikjh ;gh Hkk”kk cksyrs gq, gfj}kj esa i`Fohjkt ds lkezkT; ls Hkh iwoZ dky ls vkrk&tkrk jgk gSA bl rjg ds vusd rdksaZ ds lkFk

ge jktcafn;ksa dks ftl rjg fganh lh[kus ds fy, izo`Ÿk djrs] mlh rjg vU; cafn;ksa dks Hkh djrsA

gekjk f’k{kk&Øe gh bl rjg dk Fkk fd gj jktcanh vU; izkarh; Hkk”kkvksa dk ;FkklaHko v/;;u djsA vaneku esa ,sls KkuktZu dk

volj mŸke FkkA mlh rjg ge Lo;a caxkfy;ksa dks fganh&ejkBh] ejkBksa dks fganh vkSj caxyk] iatkfc;ksa dks mudh vkSj iatkc dh rjg

dh xq:eq[kh vkfn Hkk”kk,a i<+krsA vkf[kjh ne rd ;g m|ksx py jgk FkkA xqtjkrh jktcanh lcls var esa vk,A ijarq mUgsa Hkh nsoukxjh

fyfi vkSj Hkk”kk,a i<+kdj ml vof/k esa geus mUgsa bruh f’k{kk nh fd os fganh iqLrd i<+ ldsaA vU; cafn;ksa dks rks izFker% fganh Hkk”kk

fl[kkbZ tkrh vkSj mlds Ik’pkr~ vU;A bl

413

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdkj nl o”kksZa ls gekjs vkSj gekjs lkfFk;ksa dk fujarj dk;Z py jgk FkkA

ihNs fy[kk gh gS blds fy, geus mŸke fganh xazFkky; cukuk vlaHko gksus ds dkj.k fdl izdkj pyrk&fQjrk xzaFkky; ds fy, geus

/ku tqVkus ds fofHkUu jkLrs viuk, FksA gekjh lgk;rk djus ds fy, ckgj ds dbZ Lora= vf/kdkjh dHkh&dHkh nzO; nsuk pkgrs FksA ge

muls ;g dgdj fd ijLij fganh iqLrdsa ekaxdj ns nhft,] os iqLrdsa xazFkky; dks ns nsrsA vaneku esa iqLrdsa eaxokuk Hkh pksjh tSlk dke

FkhA vr% nzO; lgk;rk] irk nsuk vkSj irs ij dsoy iqLrdsa eaxokuk Hkh lgk;rk gh le>h tkrhA ;g lkgl dk dke FkkA D;ksafd ;fn

ljdkj dks Kkr gksrk fd blus canh ls lacaa/k j[kk gS] rks ml Lora= vf/kdkjh dks inP;qr Hkh fd;k tk ldrk FkkA fQj Hkh os vius

irs nsrsA bruk gh ugha] fganqLFkku ls vk, Lora= vf/kdkfj;ksa esa Hkh fganh izpkj djus dk dk;Z pwafd gekjh laLFkk djrh Fkh] blfy, fganh

lh[kus ds y, mUgsa Hkh gekjh vko’;drk gksrh FkhA dbZ enzklh lTTku&vf/kdkfj;ksa dks fganh i<+kus ds fy, gekjs lgk;d canh var%LFk

:i ls tkrsA ,d jk”VªfHkekuh MkWDVj us rks viuh /keZiRuh dks Hkh fganh fl[kkdj mlls csVs ds lkeus Hkh fganh esa gh okŸkkZyki djus dk

vH;kl djok;k] rkfd mldk csVk ekr`Hkk”kk dh rjg gh fganh lh[k ysA ;s lTtu dHkh&dHkh fganh izpkjFkZ ik ap&nl :i, nku Hkh

djrsA bu Lora= vf/kdkfj;ksa dh lgk;rk ds vfrjsd esa ge vkSj vusd izlax lk/; djrsA mldks Li”V djrs gq, nks mnkgj.k ns jgs

gSaA

,d lk/kkj.k vIr f’kf{kr fdlku] ftldk uke fnok.k Fkk vkSj tks vk;Zlekt ls iwoZ ifjfpr Fkk] fdlh Mksdtuh ds >a>V e s a my>dj

vktUe dkjkokl dk dSnh cudj vk;k FkkA mldh geij cM++h J}k FkhA mlus gekjh laLFkk esa izpqj ek=k esa dk;Z fd;kA yksxksa ij

mldk ncnck Fkk] ijarq nqHkkZX;o’k og Bhd ;qokoLFkk esa gh vaneku dh tyok;q rFkk d”Vizn canhokl dk f’kdkj cu x;kA mlds b”V

fe=ksa us mlds uke ij dqN Hkkst vkfn dk izca/k djus dh ;kstuk cukbZA geus mUgsa le>k&cq>kdj mu iSlkas ls mlds uke ij fganh

xazFk rFkk Øfed :i ls iqLrdsa [kjhndj xazFkky; rFkk fu/kZu cafn;ksa dks nku djus dk fu’p; fd;kA ,d O;fDr dks] ftldk uke fcgkjh

Fkk] Qkalh dk naM feykA mlus dqN nzO; nku dh eukSfr ekaxhA la;ksxo’k og naM jn~n gksus ds dkj.k mlus iwNk& og nku dSls fd;k

tk,A esjs mins’k ls ;s Hkkst&izlax yxHkx can gh gks x, FksA xzaFkksa ds rFkk Kku izlkjkFkZ Kku nku djus dh ;kstuk fl]] mnZw] vaxszth

izR;sd ox Z dgrk&og nku viuh Hkk”kk dh iqLrdksa dks feyuk pkfg,A gekjs fojks/k djus ij os dgrs] jk”Vªh; Hkk”kk dk fpduk&pqiM+k

<ksax djds caxyk] iatkch vkfn Hkk”kkvksa dks [kRe djuk pkgrk gSA ijarq ge

414

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dgrs] eSa viuh ejkBh ds fy, nku ugha ekax jgk gwaA ;fn ,slk gks rks vkidk lansg Bhd gS] ij fganh ds fy, nksA eSaus Lo;a xq:eq[kh

lfgr mu lkjh izkarh; Hkk”kkvksa dk v/;;u fd;k FkkA vU; yksxksa dks caxyk vkfn Lo;a i<+krk Hkh FkkA D;k eq>s ejkBh dh&viuh gh

Hkk”kk dh gR;k djuh gS\ ijarq jk”Vªh; fgr ds lkeus vius izknsf’kd vfHkeku dk cfynku nsuk gh gksxkA bl rjg mUgsa le>krs gq, var

esa mu iSlksa ls fganh iqLrdsa eaxokus ds fy, geus mu cafn;ksa dks rS;kj fd;k vkSj vkYgk&Åny ln `’k yksdfiz; fdarq izkphu ‘kSyh ds xzaFkksa

ls ysdj ukxjh izpkfj.kh dh uohure xazFkky; rd lkS&,d :i;ksa ds xazFk eaxok,aA gesa Lo;a Hkh vkYgk xazFk vR;f/kd fiz; FkkA

ml caxkyh Lusgh dks] tks fganh dks izkS<+ Hkk”kk ugha le>rk Fkk vFkok mlds vuqlkj fganh es a lkfgR; ugha Fkk] ;g fn[kkus ds fy, fd

og fdruh xeu’khy gS] fganh ds xq:dqy fLFkr vFkok mŸkeksŸke xazFk izdkf’kr gksrs gh mUgsa eaxokdj fn[kkrkA dHkh&dHkh mUgsa ;g

larks”ktud izrhr u gksrk vkSj mlesa viekutud de&ls&de fdlh nq”Vkiw.kZ gsrq dh xa/k vkrhA ijarq ml gsrq izfrdwyrk dks Hkh lgrs

gq, eSa ;g djrk gh jgkA var esa ;g ekU;rk fd fganh jk”VªHkk”kk gS] bruh lkoZtfud gks xbZ fd og fl} djrs jgrs dh fLFkfr rd

igqap xbZA fl[kksa dk eu fganh dh vksj djus ds fy, ,d fHkUu ;qfDrokn rdZ mi;qDr gksrkA muesa ls dbZ ljnkj bl lR; ls vufHkK

gksrs fd Jh xksfoan xq: dk ^fofp= ukVd* vkfn xazFk vkSj ^lw;Z izdk’k* vkfn bfrgkl ‘kq} oztHkk”kk esa vFkkZr~ izkphu fganh esa gSA ijarq

,d ckj mUgsa ;g le>k;k fd fdl izdkj fganh mudh /keZHkk”kk gS vkSj xq:eq[kh ek= ,d fyfi gS] rks fQj mUgsa fganh dk egŸo u

dsoy jk”Vªh; n`f”V ls oju~ iaFk dh n`f”V ls Hkh iw.kZ;rk ekU; gks x;kA

dkjkxkjh; xazFkksa ds v/;;u ls xq:eq[kh ds laca/k esa gekjk vfHkizk; bl izdkj Fk fd ijaijk ls izpfyr ;g er fd bl fyfi dks xq:

us [kkstk gS] ,sfrgkfld ugha gSA mldk cj bruk gh vFkZ gS fd ml le; iatkc esa izpfyr yqaMh&eqaMh ¼eksM+h½ vkfn O;kikfjd rFkk

lkekU; tuksa dh fyfi;ksa esa ls Xkq: }kjk pquh xbZ og ,d izpfyr fyfi FkhA fl[k /keZxzaFk ^’kkL=h* ¼ukxjh½ esa u fy[krs gq, lk/kkj.k

yksxksa esa izpfyr ml fyfi esa fy[kok, x, tSls xkSre cq} us ikyh esaA gks ldrk gS] blhfy, mls xq:eq[kh ukekfHk/kku izkIr gks x;kA

;g Lora= fo”k; gSA ckrksa&ckrksa esa fo”k; fNM+ x;k Fkk] blhfy, mYys[k fd;k gSA gesa ml le; Hkh ;g Kkr Fkk fd vkt rd fdlh Hkh

fo}ku us bl miifŸk dk leFkZu ugh a fd;k FkkA mldh ;FkkFkZrk vFkok v;FkkFkZrk dk nkf;Ro tc rd eq>s Kkr gS] esjk gSA bl laca/k

esa vusd ^xazFkksa* vkSj fl[k bfrgkl ds fo}kuksa ls ge dbZ ckj ppkZ Hkh djrs FksA

415

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izFker% eSa ejkBh Hkh fdlh dks i<+us ugha nsrkA D;ksa\ izFke ekr`Hkk”kk] fQj rqjar fganh vkSj blds Ik’pkr~ vU; izkarh; fganw Hkk”kk&bl

rjg Øe j[kk FkkA tgka rd gks lds izR;s;d dks vU; izkarh; Hkk”kk i<+us dk vuqjks/k djrk] ijarq rfey la?k dh ¼ey;kye] rsyqxq]

dUuM+] rfey½ nzfoM+ Hkk”kkvksa dks i<+kus dh lqfo/kk&&muds xazFkksa dk laxzg vkSj izpkjd u gksus ls vkSj esjs fy, og xzhd&ySfVu ds

cjkcj gksus ls eSa izca/k ugha dj ldkA blesa eSa ges’kk gh viuh U;wurk le>rkA vkt Hkh ml deh dks eSa iwjk ugha dj ik;k gwaA ‘ks”k

ejkBh] iatkch] caxyk Hkk”kk,a izk;% LkHkh jktcafn;ksa rFkk f’kf{kr cafn;ksa dks vPNh rjg ls voxr FkhA ejkBh ds egŸoiw.kZ xazFk Hkh os

i<+rsA rFkkfi eSa bldh lw{e tkudkjh fuR; gh izkIr djrk fd nzfoM+ Hkk”kk esa dk Su&dkSu ls u, xazFk gSa] vkSj vkf[kjh&vkf[kjh fnuksa esa

I;Zos{kdksa ls mu Hkk”kkvksa dh izkFkfed iqLrdsa rFkk vU; u, xazFk eaxokus dh vuqefr rFkk iSls ysdj ,d fVIi.kh djds mUgsa eaxok;k Hkh]

ijarq esjh vkdfLed okilh ds dkj.k eq>s dqN Hkh irk ugha pyk fd vkxs mldk D;k gqvkA

vaneku esa fofHkUu izkarh; yksxksa ds ,df=r gksus ds ckn muesa cksypky dh Hkk”kk Lor% fganh gh gksrh gSA m/kj cafn;ksa dh tks larkusa gSa]

muesa Hkh ijLij izkarh; yksxksa eas C;kg gksus ds dkj.k vaneku esa tues cPPkksa dh ekr`Hkk”kk lgt gh fganh gksrh FkhA bu ^Lora=* yksxksa esa

cgqyka’k esa fganw gh Fks] blfy, ikB’kkykvksa esa izeq[kr% fganh esa gh f’k{kk nsuk pkfg, FkhA ijarq iwoZ dky ls gh fganqLFkku ds tks ^eqa’kh* ds

:i esa ogka x,] os lkjs iatkc] fnYyh vkfn ds mnwZ&f’kf{krksa esa ls gksus ds dkj.k vaneku dh izkFkfed ikB’kkykvksa esa mnwZ i<+kus dh

ifjikVh cu xbZA bldk ,d vU; dkj.k ;g Fkk fd dk;kZy;ksa ¼Offices½ esa mnwZ ukSdjksa dh gh Hkjekj gksus ds dkj.k ogka n¶rj dh

nwljh Hkk”kk mnwZ i<+kus dh ifjikVh cu xbZ FkhA igyh ikB’kkyk ls ckgj fudys mnwZ&f’kf{kr Nk=ksa ds mnkgj.k ls f’kf{kr dk vFkZ gS

mnwZ&f’kf{krA bl izdkj bl u, mifuos’k esa fofp= /kkj.kk cudj yksxksa esa fganh f’k{kk xzg.k djus dh bPNk rks D;k] dYiuk Hkh ‘ks”k ugha

jghA tSls&tSls ikB’kkykvksa dh la[;k c<+rh xbZ] oSls&oSls muesa mnwZ f’k{kk dh ifjikVh gh pyus yxhA okLrfod n`f”V ls ns[kk tk, rks

fganh vkSj ftls mnZw dgk tkrk gS] mlesa ewyr% dksbZ Hksn ugha gSA fganh Hkk”kk Qkjlh fyfi esa fy[kks] cl gks xbZ mnwZA vr% okLro esa

ewyHkwr iz’u fyfi dk FkkA vaneku esa cafn;ksa rFkk ckf’kanksa dh la[;k esa ewyr% fganqvksa dh Hkjekj gksus ds dkj.k vkSj f’k{kk xzg.kkFkZ mUgha

yksxksa ds vf/kdka’k vkxs c<+us ds dkj.k] mu lHkh dks ikB’kkykvksa esa igys ls gh fganh vFkkZr~ ukxjh fyfi i<+kuh pkfg, Fkh] tks jk”Vªh;

,drk ,oa /kkfeZd ,drk dh |ksrd rFkk fiz; gSA ijarq vk’p;Z dh ckr ;g gS fd mu ikB’kkykvksa

416

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


esa] tks eq[;r% fganqvksa ds djksa ij pykbZ tkrh gSa] vkt Hkh lgh <ax ls fganh ugha fl[kkbZ tkrhA fganw ckyd v]vk] d] [k] x ugha

tkurs] ^rqylh jkek;.k* vFkok ^Hkxon~xhrk* ds ‘yksd ugha i<+ ikrs] mUgsa if’kZ;u dfo;ksa ds pqVdqys daBLFk gksrs gSaA dkfynkl rks jgus

nhft,] lwjnkj vFkok izselkxj dh ,d iafDr ls Hkh os ifjfpr ugha gksrs&fganh dh izFke iqLrd mUgsa xzhd&ySfVu leku izrhr gksrh gSA

ijarq mnwZ lekpkj&i= og fcuk vk/kk ds QjkZVs ls i<+rk gSA mlds efLr”D dh miek,a if’k Z;k ,oa vjsfc;k fLFkr ufn;ksa ls Hkjh jgrh

gSaA ogak ds ohj iq:”k mUgsa Kkr ugha gksrk] u gh os i<+ ldrs gSaA vaneku ds gekjs tSls f’kf{kr yksxksa esa ls lk/kkj.k euq”;ksa dh bl

fLFkfr dh voyksdu djus ds ckn gekjh ;gh jk; cuh fd vaneku esa fganw laLd`fr thfor j[kuh gS rks fganh Hkk”kk ,oa ukxjh fyfi

f’k{kk izR;sd fganw cPps dks loZFkk vifjgk;Z :i esa nsus ds fy, lrr vkanksyu NsM+uk vR;ko’;d gSA

izR;sd ikB’kkyk esa fganh Hkk”kk ,ao ukxjh fyfi f’k{kk dk vfuok;Z ek/;e gks vkSj ftl eqlyeku cPps vFkok vU; yksxks a dks mnwZ fyfi

vkSj Hkk”kk ¼vjch] if’kZ;u ‘kCn] izk;% fganh½ lh[kuh gS] mUgsa og Hkk”kk ds :i esa fo’ks”k fo”k; ds :i esa i<+kbZ tk,A vaneku ds Ldwyksa

esa ;g O;oLFkk djus ds fy, izFker% yksxksa esa ;g bPNk mRiUu djuk vko’;d FkkA

D;ksafd ogka ds fganw yksxksa esa lkoZtfud ,oa jk”Vªh; ,drk dh Hkkouk vR;Yi Fkh vkSj fganqRo dk vfHkeku dsoy ew[kZrkiw.kZ :f<+ ds :i

esa thfor ek= FkkA mUgsa bl ckr dk fcYdqy Kku ugha Fkk fd fganh fganqvksa dh viuh Hkk”kk gS vkSj vius /keZxzaFk] de&ls&de izkd`r]

ftl ukxjh esa gksr s gSa og fyfi rFkk og Hkk”kk lh[kuk viuk ije ikou drZO; gSA nks&rhu ihf<+;ksa ls mnwZ ds laidZ ls mldk dsoy

opZLo gh ugha] vfirq vkRefouk’kd vfHkeku dk Hkh muesa lapkj gqvk FkkA vr% gekjs fopkjksa ds tks ykxs ckgj Fks] mUgksaus Lora= yksxksa

ds ?kj&?kj bl fo”k; dh ppkZ djrs vkSj tkx`fr ykus dk lkgl ds lkFk Jhx.ks’k fd;kA

ftl v/;k; esa geus vaneku ds laxBu] f’k{kk] ‘kqf}dj.k vkfn vkanksyuksa dk bfrgkl blls iwoZ fn;k gS] mlls cafn;ksa ,oa ckf’kanksa esa

lekpkj&i=] lekpkj] jk”Vªh; xhr] jk”Vªh; ppkZ] var%LFk lHkk rFkk rFkk O;k[;ku vkfn lk/kuksa }kjk ikBdksa us xkSj fd;k gh gksxk fd

gekjh laLFkk ds izpkjdksa us fdruh tkx`fr QsykbZA mu vkanksyuksa esa loZizFke ^Lora=* yksxksa esa fganh ls lacaf/kr foiqy tkx`fr vkbZA dbZ

ifjokjksa esa fganh v/;kid fHktokdj geus cPpksa dks ukxjh rFkk fganh i<+kbZA tc rsy dksBkj dk

417

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


O;OlFkkiu gekjs ikl vk x;k rc O;olk; ds cgkus tks Lora= yksx dkjkx`g esa vkrs] muls gekjk ifjp; gksus yxkA dsoy gesa ns[kus

vFkok feyus ds fy, dbZ Lora= yksx rsy vkSj Hkwlh dks [kjhnrs] rkfd de&ls&de mlh cgkus dkjkxkj es a izos’k ikdj ml xksnke esa

gels HkasV gks tk,A ,sls lHkh yksxksa dks vU; mins’kksa ds lkFk ;g Hkh mins’k nsrs fd ^rqe yksx fganw gks] fganh rqEgkjh jk”V ªHkk”kk ugh rks

de&ls&de vaneku esa rks /keZHkk”kk gSA rqEgsa vius cky&cPpksa dks rks fganh vkSj ukxjh fyfi vo’; fl[kkuh gksxhA rqe lc feydj

ljdkj dks ,d vkosnu&i= Hkstks rks Ldqyksa esa fganh vkSj ukxjh vo’; izkjaHk gksxhA ijarq tc rd og izca/k ugha gksrk rc rd rqe

yksx vius&vius ?kjksa esa fganh i<+kvksaA* gekjs Lo;alsod fdlh ds ^gka* dgrs gh mlds ?kj esa izdV :i esa vFkok var&LFk jhfr ls

tkdj fganh i<+krs] D;ksafd vaneku esa bPNk gksrs gq, Hkh Lora= :i esa fdlh ds ?kj fcuk vuqefr dksbZ Hkh canh lglk ugha tk ldrk

FkkA ^Lora=* dks Hkh tks dksbZ feyrk] mlls fganh lh[kus dh izkFkZuk djrsA eqa’kh vk;k] pyks fg anh lh[kks( ys[kd vk;k] fganh lh[kks(

MkWDVj vk;k] fganh lh[kks&bl rjg gekjk vfojy tki gksrk jgrkA

Lora= yksxksa esa fganh&f’k{kk dk bl rjg FkksM+k&cgqr izlkj gksrs gh muds cPpksa ds fy, fganh esa egkHkkjr vkfn iqLrdsa] f’kokth vkfn

egkiq:”kksa ds pfj= fu%’kqYd ckaVs tkrsA muds ?kj fganh lekpkj&i= igqapkdj muls i<+ok, tkrsA tks flikgh] O;kikjh vkfn yksx gels

vkf[kj&vkf[kj esa izR;{k fey ldrs Fks] mUgsa ge Lo;a fganh i<+krsA bl rjg iz;kl djrs&djrs Lora= yksxksa esa ;g Hkkouk izpqj ek=k esa

c<+ xbZ fd de&ls&de vaneku esa rks izR;sd fganw dk ;g /kkfeZd drZO; gS fd og fganh lh[ks vkSj ml Hkkouk ds cycwrs ij ogka ds

Ldwyksa esa de&ls&de fganw ckydksa dks rks fganh i<+kbZ tk,A bl izdkj ljdkj dks vkosnu djus dk iz;kl Hkh vkjaHk gks x;kA

Ikjarq ;g ns[kdj fd tc rd ljdkjh n¶rj dh Hkk”kk mnwZ gS] rc rd cPpksa dh :fp lk/kkj.kr% mnwZ lh[kus dh vksj vf/kd gksxhA rc

tgka laHko Fkk ml LFkku ij n¶rj dh Hkk”kk gh fganh djus dk ge iz;kl djus yxsA okLro esa izk;% lc ljdkjh n¶rj ds dke

vaxzsth esa gh gksrsA tks mnwZ Hkk”kk esa gksrk] og blfy, ugha fd ml rjg dk dksbZ fu;e Fkk] vfirq igys&igys mŸkjh {ks= ds fganqLFkkuh

eqa’kh vkrs jgus vkSj cafn;ksa esa Hkh mŸkj ds mnZw fyf[kr izkarksa ds yksxksa dh gh Hkjekj gksus ls og ,d ifjikVh ;k :f<+ cu xbZA ml mnwZ

Hkk”kh n¶rj esa izeq[k fgLlk tgkt ls tk jgs cafn;ksa dh fpV~Bh&if=;ksa dk gksrkA ;s i= ^eqa’kh* }kjk fy[kok, tkus ls izk;% mnwZ esa

418

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


gh gksrsA vr% bl rjg vuqefr izkIr djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k fd i= ns’kh Hkk”kkvksa esa gksaA ^ejkBh*] ^xq:eq[kh* vkfn Hkk”kkvksa esa

i=&O;ogkj djus ds fy, vuqefr ds iz;kl djus esa dbZ fnu chr x,] D;ksafd eqa’kh vaxzsth vFkok mnwZ tkurs Fks vkSj eqa’kh }kjk i=

ij lEefr feys fcuk ml ^mi;qDr* ugha le>k tkrkA var esa tc ;g vuqefr fey xbZ fd canh viuh izkarh; Hkk”kk esa i= fy[k

ldrk gS] rc iatkc] y[kuÅ vkfn mu izkarksa ds] tgka mnwZ izpfyr Fkh] fganw canh dk er&ifjorZu fd;k x;k fd i= ges’kk fganh esa gh

Hkstk tk,A ejkBh] caxkyh vkfn fganw cafn;ksa ls var%LFk :i ls tksj&’kksj ls ;g dgus yxs fd ;k rks os i= viuh ekr`Hkk”kk esa fy[ksa ;k

fganh esa] ijarq mnZw esa dnkfi ughaA vr% mPp dk;kZy; esa ;g ns[kus ds fy, fd og i= fu;ekuqlkj fy[ks x, gSa ;k ugha] ,sls eqa’kh

fu;qDr fd, x, tks fganh rFkk vU; ns’kh Hkk”kk tkurs FksA iqjkus vf/kdkjh tks mnwZ tkurs Fks] Lo;a vkxs c<+dj fganh ukxjh dk K ku

laiknu djus yxsA fganh i= ys[kukFkZ eqa’kh ugha feyus ij gekjs yksx og dke Lo;a djrsA blls iwoZ gekjs dkjkxkj esa uCcs izfr’kr i=

mnwZ esa Hksts tkrs Fks] ijarq iz;klksa ds pyrs var esa uCcs izfr’kr i= ns’kh Hkk”kkvksa esa vkSj fo’ks”kr% fganh ukxjh esa t kus yxsA vkxs

pydj mu yksxksa esa Hkh] ftUgsa eqa’kh vkfn dks fu;qDr djus dk vf/kdkj Fkk] fganw laxBu ds vfHkekuh fganw yksx gh fu;qDr fd, tkrsA

mlh rjg ,sls eqaf’k;ksa dh fu;qfDr dh tkrh tks fganh tkurs FksA gekjh laLFkk ds yksxksa ds iz;klksa ls bl rjg vfyf[kr fu;e gh cu

x;k fd fganw dks i= fganh esa gh fy[kuk pkfg,&vf/kd&ls&vf/kd viuh izkarh; fganw Hkk”kk esaA eqlyeku canh pkgs rks mnwZ esa i= fy[ksa]

ml ij dksbZ tcjnLrh ugha dh xbZA ijarq blls iwoZ fdlh Hkh canh dks egkjk”Vª esa vFkok caxky eas Hkh izk;% tks mnwZ esa gh Hkstuk

vfuok;Z Fkk] og tcjnLrh geus rksM+ MkyhA tc ge dk;kZy; esa tkus yxs rc ge Lo;a lHkh cafn;ksa ds i=ksa dh ryk’kh ysdj ns[krs

fd dgha dksbZ fganw vdkj.k mnZw esa rks ugha fy[k jgkA rqjar mlds ikl tkdj ge mldk er&ifjorZu djrsA bl rjg djrs&djrs

txg&txg ij fganw eqaf’k;ksa dh] tks fganh tkurs Fks] fu;qfDr djkdj i=&O;ogkj cgq’k% fganh esa vkjaHk djk;k x;kA ogh ckr vkusokyh

Mkd dh FkhA D;ksafd ;g iz;kl gks jgk Fkk fd izR;sd fganw canh vius lacaf/k;ksa dks fy[ks fd mŸkj fganh esa gh Hkstk tk,A blls vkusokys

i=ksa esa fganw izkarh; Hkk”kkvksa rFkk fganh eas fy[ks i=ksa dh la[;k c<+us yxhA ;g ns[kus ds fy, fd os ljdkjh n`f”V ls mi;qDr gSa ;k ugha]

fganh eqaf’k;ksa dh vko’;drk c<+ xbZA mnwZ dk egŸo vkSj izpkj de gksus yxkA

dsoy jktcafn;ksa dks gh vaxszth esa i= Hkstuk vfuok;Z gksrk] D;ksafd mu i=ksa dk Lor% vaxszt vf/kdkjh vUos”k.k djrsA vkxs pydj tc

lSdM+ksa jktcanh

419

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


;gka vk x, vusd dks vaxszth u vkus ls i= LoHkk”kk esa Hkstus dh vuqefr&og Hkh cgqr iz;klksa ls&fey xbZA gesa var rd vaxszth e s a

i= Hkstuk vfuok;Z FkkA

tks fLFkfr i=&O;ogkj dh Fkh] ogha fVIif.k;ksa] ljdkjh dk;kZy; rFkk dk;kZy;karXkZr fuEu oxhZ; vf/kdkfj;ksa ds dk;kZsa] nSfud] fNViqV

ljdkjh i=&O;ogkj vkSj n¶rj dh Hkh gks xbZA igys ;g lc mnwZ esa Fkk] ijarq tSls&tSls fganw ^eqa’kh* vkSj vf/kdkjh mnwZ u fy[ku s dk

ozr ysus yxs oSls&oSls ;g dke Hkh fganh esa gh gksus yxkA /khjs&/khjs mnwZ dks fudkydj fganh ,dek= fyfi ugha gqbZ] rFkkfi ,slk Li”V

izrhr gksus yxk fd og mlds lkFk lEekuh; ljdkjh Hkk”kk rFkk fyfi gksxhA

Lora= yksxksa esa ‘kknh&C;kg dh if=dk Hkh fganw yksx mnZw esa Nkirs Fks] ijarq blds Ik’pkr~ dbZ yksx fganh esa Nkius yxsA mUgsa i<+uk Hkh

dfBu gks jgk Fkk] D;ksafd f’kf{kr fganw dsoy mnwZ&f’kf{kr FkkA fQj Hkh oSls gh izokg pyk fd vf/kd&ls&vf/kd if=dk,a fganh vkSj

mnwZ&bl izdkj nksgjs dkxt ij Nkih tk,aA de&ls&de mnwZ esa gh Nkih xbZ rks Åij vkse vkSj uhps dqN ukxjh okD;k sa dks Nkisa vkSj

fy[ksaA ckn esa bl izdkj dh ifjikVh izpfyr gks xbZA

Blesa dksbZ vk’p;Z dh ckr ugha fd brus lkjs xksj[k/ka/ks ds pyrs bldk fojks/k Hkh gks gh jgk Fkk] ijarq vk’p;Z ;g fd u dsoy

eqlyeku vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk fojks/k gks jgk Fkk] izR;qr vaxszt vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk Hkh fojks/k fd;k tk jgk FkkA os fganh ds fo”k; esa l’kafdr

jgrsA ,d kdj.k ;g Fkk fd os Hkh mnwZ tkurs] fganh ugha( vkSj nwljk dkj.k fganh ds vkanksyu dks gekjk izcy leFkZu FkkA vr% os fuR;

la’kfdr jgrs A fganh iqLrd eaxokus ds fy, ge ,d c anh dks vuqdwy dj jgs Fks fd ^rqe mnZw iqLrdsa eaxok jgs Fks u] rks vc fganh

D;ksa eaxokus tk jgks gks*] bl izdkj mlls iz’u iwNdj mldk er&ifjorZu djus ds fy, Hkh ,d vaxszt vf/kdkjh rRij FkkA tc

ikB’kkykvksa esa fganh i<+kus ds fy, geus Lora= vkanksyu NsM+k vkSj og lQy gksus yxk rc ^Lora= yksxksa esa gekjk uke gksxk vkSj

gekjk izHkqRo c<+ tk,xk*&eqlyeku vf/kdkjh bl izdkj dh fjiksVZ Li”V :i esa xqIrpj foHkkx dh iqfyl rFkk mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa dks Hkstus

yxsA mUgha cafn;ksa us eq[;r% fganh dk vkanksyu NsM+k Fkk tks vk;Zlekt] ‘kqf}] jktuhfr izpkj] f’k{kk] vU;k; dk izfrjks/k vkfn dk;kZsa esa

lrr usr`Ro djrs jgs Fks vkSj ljdkjh n¶rj esa ^vkanksyudkjh] Hk;adj lansgkLin O;ogkjokys* tSls <sj lkjs miinksa ls xkSjokfUor FksA

bl izdkj ljdkj ds fcuk fdlh dkj.ko’k lansgkLin n`f”V ls ns[kus ls Lora= yksxksa dh ekax gksus ij Hkh Ldwyksa esa fganw ckydksa lansgkLin

n`f”V ls ns[kus ls Lora= yksxksa dh ekax gksus ij Hkh Ldwyksa esa fganw ckydksa ds fy, fganh dks vfuok;Z djuk vlaHko gks x;kA gekjs vkus

ij Hkh laHko ugha gqvkA ge yksxksa ds eu esa ;g fcBk;k tk jgk Fkk fd ;fn ogka ds Lora= yksx vfojr

420

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


iz;kl djsaxs rks ljdkj dks ;g ckr Kkr gksxh fd viuk lansg fuiV ikxyiu gS vkSj og vaneku dh ikB’kkykvksa esa de&ls&de

fganqvksa dks rks fganh rFkk ukxjh vfuok;Z :i esa i<+kus dh vuqefr nsxhA

dU;kvksa dks fganh ukxjh f’k{kk

;|fi yM+dksa dh ikB’kkykvksa esa fganh] ukxjh vfuok;Z ugha dh tk ldh] rFkkfi mlh nkSjku Lfkkfir dU;k ikB’kkyk eas ml vkanksyu dks

lQyrk izkIr gks xbZA bu dU;kvksa dks Hkh mnwZ esa gh f’k{kk nh tkusokyh FkhA fganh dk dqN Hkh izca/k ugha j[kk x;k FkkA ijarq le; ij

Lora= yksxksa dks lrr yfTTkr djds] fp<+krs gq, dU;kvksa dks rks vfyQ] os] is vkfn iw.kZ mnwZ o.kZekyk ¼g:Q½ i<+kus ds fy, eqlyeku

ekSyoh ds gkFkksa lkSaius dh fo?kkrd izofŸk ls foeq[k fd;k x;k vkSj igys ls gh dU;k ikB’kkykvksa esa fganw dU;kvksa dks fganh] ukxjh

i<+kus dh O;oLFkk dh xbZA

;g dgus dh vko’;drk ugha gS fd jktcafn;ksa esa Hkh iatkc vkfn izkarksa ds yksxksa us mnwZ esa i= u Hkstrs gq, viuh Hkk”kk esa Hkstuk

vkjaHk fd;kA jktcafn;ksa esa iatkch vkfn yksxksa esa mnwZ ds vPNs ‘kk;j ,oa ukeoj y s[kd Hkh FksA muesaa ls db;ksa us izFker% lgt Hkko ls

gh gekjs fo:} vkanksyu dk izfrdkj fd;k] ijarq vkxs pydj jk”VªHkk”kk dh n`f”V ls fdl rjg mnwZ viuh lk[k tekuk pkgrh gS] vkfn

;qfDr] rdZ] muds xys mrkjs] rc muesa ls dqN yksxksa us gekjs lkeus ^vkt ls ;g mnwZ dye rksM+ nh] ^bl izfrKk ds lkFk fganh esa

fy[kuk vkjaHk fd;kA mUgsa izFker% ^vkdk’k] O;k;ke* vkfn ljy ‘kCn Hkh fl[kkus iM+s] bruk mudk eu mnZw us vfganw cuk NksM+k FkkA

ijarq mUgksaus mu d”Vksa dks >syk vkSj mPPk ukxjh fganh lh[krs x,A

esjk ;g vkanksyu mnZw ds izfr fo}s”k Hkkouk ls ugha NsM+k x;k Fkk] D;ksafd eSA Lo;a mnwZ lh[k jgk Fkk vkSj i<+rk Hkh FkkA vkt Hkh

lk/kkj.k VQ rd mnZw eSa i<+ ldrk gwaA dkQh le> Hkh ldrk gwaA og ,d fyfi vkSj fdafpr miHkk”kk ds :i esa fganw&eqlyekuksa esa l w[ks

uSu thfor jgsA gekjs eqlyeku ns’k&cq/kvksa esa ls dqN yksxksa dh Hkk”kk gksus ls ge Hkh mldk vakf’kd eerkiwoZd tru djsaxsA ijarq

fganqvksa ds ifjJe rFkk izksRlkgu ls og bruh udp<+h gks tk, fd fganqvksa dks gh ^fganh Hkk”kk NksM+ks vkSj eq>s viuh jk”VªHkk”kk fganh

vfuok;Zr% i<+k, tkus vkSj bl ekax ds U;k;laxr izrhr gksus rFkk mnwZ dks cyiwoZd Fkksiuk vU;k; rFkk ifj.kker% fganw laLd`fr ds fy,

fo?kkrd izrhr gksus ls ge ;FkklaHko mnwZ dk mPPkkVu

421

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


djrs jgsA Hkk”kk vFkok fyfi dh n`f”V ls dksbZ Hkh fganw mnZw lh[ksA tSls ge Ýsap] teZu i<+rs gSa oSls gh mnwZ Hkh lh[ks] ijar q jk”VªHkk”kk

vFkok LoHkk”kk ds :Ik esa viuh laLd`rksRiUu rFkk iwoZtksa dh fganh Hkk”kk R;kxdj mnwZ dks vius flj ij upkuk] mls eqagtksj cukuk gesa

vfu”Vdkjd izrhr gksrk gSA

vaneku esa fganh iqLrdksa dh Hkjekj djrs gq, pyrs&fQjrs xksiuh; xazFkky; dSls Fks] bldk laf{kIr o.kZu ihNs xzaFkky; izdj.k es a vk;k gh

gSA pyrs&fQjrs bl xzaFkky; esa fganh esa vFkZ’kkL=] jktuhfr] jktuhfrd vkanksy vkfn uohure iqLrdsa lrr vkrh jgrh Fkh] ftlls

lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa ds fy, u dsoy izpfyr oju~ mPp fo”k;ksa dk Kku Hkh cgqr dqN lqyHk gksrk x;kA ^lR;kFkZ izdk’k* xazFk ds iBu dh

vksj rks ge fuR; gh fo’ks”k /;ku nsrsA jktcafn;ksa ls mls ckj&ckj i<+okrsA blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd n;kuan dk ;g xazFk dqN rkRdkfyd

laxzke ls mM+h /kwy rFkk /kq,a dk va’k NksM+dj ,d vnE; rFkk fuHkhZd izpkjd gh gS] tks eu ij fganw laLd`fr ds mPp rŸo vafdr djrs

gq, fganw /keZ dk jk”Vªh; Lo:i O;Dr djrk gSA

fganh i<+us esa izo`Ÿk djus ds fy, dHkh&dHkh ge ogka ds cafn;ksa rFkk mnwZ&f’kf{kr Lora= ;qodksa dks Nk=o`fŸk;ka Hkh iznku djrsA ;|fi

izFke iSls yks] ij lh[kks vo’;] bl rjg dk vkanksyu NsM+uk iM+k] rFkkfi vkxs fganh dh :fp bruh c<+ xbZ fd iqLrdsa gh iwjh ugha

iM+rh FkhA ;g f’kdk;r can gks xbZ fd iqLrdsa /kwy esa luh lwa gh O;FkZ iM+h gSaA vc ;g f’kdk;r dkuksa esa iM+us yxh fd yxkrkj yksxksa

ds gkFkksa esa tkrh gqbZ iqLrd eSyh gks tkrh gSA eSa dgrk&;g lquus ls fd iqLrd O;FkZ iM+h gS] eq>s ;g f’kdk;r lquuk vf/kd vPNk

yxrk gS fd iqLrd O;FkZ iM+h gS] eq>s ;g f’kd;r lquuk vf/kd vPNk yxrk gS fd og i<+&i<+dj QV jgh gSA ftl vaneku ds

?kj&?kj esa mnwZ fganw yksxksa ds eu dqrj&dqrjdj mUgsa bruk [kks[kyk cuk jgh Fkh fd fganw dU;k,a Hkh vkil esa iwNrh] ^rqEgkjh ‘kknh gS\*

ijarq yxu] fookg vkfn ‘kCnksa dk vFkZ muds iYys ugha iM+rk Fkk] mlh vaneku esa vc fganh Hkk”kk rFkk ukxjh fyfi gekjh /keZHkk”kk ,oa

/keZfyfi gS] ;g Hkkouk fganw turk esa cPpksa rd n`<+ewy gks xbZ rFkk fganh i<+us esa :fp c<+us yxhA ;g ckr ftl voLFkk esa vkanksyu

NsM+uk iM+k] ml voLFkk dh rqyuk esa blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd ftUgksaus ;g pkyw j[kus esa izeq[k fgLlk fy;k&dkjkx`g rFkk mifuos’k ds

mu mRlkgh canhoku izpkjdksa ds fy, Hkw”k.kkLin] xkSjokLin FkhA

ijarq ml vkanksyu dk laiw.kZ Qy gkFk yxus ds fy, ogka ds f’k{kk foHkkx }kjk gh fganh ukxjh dk izpkj gksuk vko’;d FkkA mldk

lwrksokp geus djok;k FkkA vkxs ns[ksaxs&bldk D;k gqvk\

422

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&10

lok ckfy’r dk fganw jkT;

tc ge vaneku x, rc ogka ^ckfy’r Hkj iBkuh jkT;* Fkk] ftldk pkjksa vksj Madk ct jgk FkkA og iyVdj tc ckfy’r Hkj dk

^fganw jkT;* izLFkkfir gks x;k rc rsy xksnke] tks ml jkT; dh jkt/kkuh gh Fkh] gekjs vkf/kiR; eas vk x;k vkSj ogka dh ydM+h dh

dqlhZ ds flagklu ij] ftldk ,d gkFk VwVk gqvk Fkk] ge fojkteku gks x,A ;gka rd dFkk ihNs dgh tk pqdh gSA

rsy xksnke ml dkjkxkj dh vkenuh dk vafre dsanz FkkA blh dkj.k vkSj fo’ks”kr% jktcafn;ksa ds vkus ds ckn] iBku] eqlyeku ds

flok; vU; fdlh ds fo’oklik= u gksus ls ml rsy xksnke esa izk;% eqlyeku] iBku vf/kdkjh gh gksrs FksA lHkh cafn;ksa dk rsy rkSYdj

nsus dk dke mUgha ds gkFkksa esa FkkA blh ls ls lHkh cafn;ksa ds dysts FkjFkjk ldrs FksA muds ^rsy iwjk ugha gS* dgus ek= ls teknkj]

isVh vQlj] canh lHkh ds iSj dkaius yxrs] muds izk.k lw[k tkrsA ml xksnkeokys cafn;ksa dh fiVkbZ djus dk vf/kdkj mUgsa vklUu

ijaijk ls izkIr gks x;k FkkA ckjh vius dk;kZy; esa vka[k ewandj ;fn fdlh dh lqurk Fkk rks cl ,sls gh vf/kdkjh dhA ,rnFkZ

jktcafn;ksa ds fo:} pqxfy;ka djrs le; Hkh ;gh vf/kdkjh usrk curkA bl vf/kdkjh in ij mlh dh fu;qfDr dh tkrh tks dkjkxkj esa

xq:daVky rFkk xqaMk vkSj LokFkhZ gksrkA lkr&vkB o”kksaZ ds gekjs dkjkokl esa ,sls dbZ lq;ksX; vf/kdkjh ml LFkku dks ikou djrs gq,

x, Fks vkSj gekjs ukSaos o”kZ esa bl vf/kdkj&in ij gekjh fu;qfDr gks xbZA

gekjs m/kj vkrs gh dkjkxkj esa ‘ks”k jgs eqlyeku raMsy] isVh vQlj] canhoku] okWMZj vkfn lHkh ds psgjksa ij gokb;ka mM+us yxhA ml

dksYgw esa vius izk.kksa dh isjkbZ ugha pkgus okys canh vkSj canh vf/kdkjh dks ml rsy xksnke fLFkr nsork ij izpqj ek=k esa lk sus&pkanh dk

Hkksx p<+kuk iM+rk FkkA vkt rd ogka eqlyeku vf/kdkfj;ksa ds cycwrs ij dksYgw esa Hkksx u p<+kus vFkok p<+kus ij Hkh dkfQj gksus ds

ukrs bu

423

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


yksxksa us fganqvksa dks ;a=uk,a nh FkhA tc og LFkku fganqvksa ds gkFkksa esa vk;k vkSj og Hkh ml u”V] nq”V] ‘kSrku p’esokys ds] ftlus

‘kqf}dj.k vkjaHk fd;k Fkk] rks ,d&,d eqlyeku raMsy vkSj os isVh vQlj] tks blls iwoZ jktcafn;ksa ij vR;kpkj djus esa lcls

vxz.kh gksus dh gksM+ yxkrs Fks] vc nkarksa esa frudk idM+dj vkrs vkSj lyke ugha] gkFk tksM+dj fxM+fxM+krs] ^vjs ckcw] vc tku

cpkb,A*

lyke ugha] jke&jke

geus Åij gkFk tksM+us dh ckr fy[kh gS] mlesa ,d jgL; gSA geus vaneku esa vkrs gh xkSj fd;k fd lk/kkj.kr% fganw yksx eqlyekuksa

dks lyke djrs FksA bruk gh ugha] iatkch vkfn fganw yksx Hkh vkil esa lyke djrs ns[ks tkrss] ijarq eqlyeku dqN Hkh gks] dHkh

^jke&jke* ugha dgrsA ,d fnu ,d ejkBh okWMZj us eq>ls dgk fd mlus fetkZ [kku teknkj dks ¼ml NksVs ckjh dks½ lgt jke&jke

dgk rks mlus ml okWMZj dks xkfy;ksa dh ckSNkjksa ds lkFk psrkouh nh fd ^vc vks dkfQj] mYyw ds iV~Bs gekjs lkeus jke&uke er

fudkyksA rqEgsa lyke gh cksyuk gksxkA* ;g ckr lqudj geus Lo;a fu’p; fd;k fd vc fdlh Hkh eqlyeku dks lyke ugha djsaxs] tc

rd og Hkh eq>ls jke&jke] ueLdkj ugha dgrkA ;fn dHkh dksbZ eqlyeku bl rjg jke&jke dgusokyk gksrk&oSls egkjk”Vªh; eqlyeku

de&ls&de ml le; rd cgqr lh/ks&lkns Fks vkSj os jke&jke Hkh dgrs Fks& rks eSa ,d ugha] bl ckj lyke dgrkA ijarq tks /kekZa/k

eqlyeku gBkr~ jke&jke ugha dgrs vkSj fganqvksa dks dgus ds fy, ck/; djrs mUgsa lyke ugha dguk] ;g fu’p; fd;k FkkA bl

fu’p; ds lkFk eSaus vU; fganw cafn;ksa esa Hkh ;g ijaijk MkyhA blls dbZ ckj fNViqV >M+is a gksrh] ijarq fganw cafn;ksa esa vusd n`<+fu’p;h

yksxksa us eqlykeuksa ds Hkh lyke dgus ij Lo;a jke&jke vFkok ueLdkj djus dk fu’p; ugha NksM+kA blls eqlyeku tkurs Fks fd eSa

fganqvksa ds jke&jke] gkFk tksM+dj iz.kke] oans ekrje~ vkfn f’k”Vkpkj dk dV~Vj vfHkekuh gwa] blhfy, ;s Hk;Hkhr canh vf/kdkjh ;g

ns[kdj fd eq>s izlUu fd, fcuk vU; dksbZ pkjk ugha] ^gkFk tksM+dj* iz.kke djus yxs FksA ijarq eSa muls dHkh ;g vuqjks/k ugha djrk

Fkk fd lyke er djksA os lyke djsa] fQj fganw jke&jke djsaxsA os ;fn lh/ks jke&jke dgsa rks pkgsa rks fganw Hkh lyke dgsaA

^tku cpkus ds iqjLdkjLo:i iwoZ i}fr ds vuqlkj eq>s eqlyeku cafn;ksa rFkk raMsyksa }kjk Hkksx Hkh var%LFk :i ls Lohdkjus dk

vuqjks/k fd;k tk jgk Fkk A rc eSaus dksYgw ds dkj[kkus esa tkrs gq, rFkk vU; LkHkh ls feydj dgk] ^^D;ksafd rqe eqlyeku gks] blfy,

rqees ls fdlh dks eq>ls d”V gksxk] ;g er lkspukA cl] rqe

424

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Hkh fdlh fganw canh dks rax er djksA eq>s fdlh ls dkSM+h Hkh ugh pkfg,A dsoy rqe yksx viuk dke ;FkklaHko Bhd djus dk iz;kl

djksA fQj FkksM+k&cgqr eSa ns[k ywaxkA ijarq eSa fganw gwa] blfy, “kM~;a= jpdj de dke djksxs vFkok iwoZor~ fganqvksa ij vR;kpkj djksxss

vFkok iSls ,saBus dk iz;kl djksxs] rks ;kn j[kksA**

lHkh ij /kkd tekbZ

tc rd eSa ml vf/kdkj&in ij Fkk] eSaus blh uhfr ls muds lkFk O;ogkj fd;kA ,d&nks iqjkus udp<+s] uDdw eqlyeku okWMZjksa us rsy

dh pksjh djds eq> ij >wBk vfHk;ksx yxkus dh ;kstuk cukbZA ijarq rRdky mUgsa pydj lHkh eseus cudj jgus yxsA eSaus okWMZjksa ds

dke ij fganw okWMZj fu;qDr fd,A ftl dksYgw dks ^Qkalh dk xq:* dgk tkrk&D;ksafd Qkalh p<+us ds fy, fdlh ds eu dks rS;kj djuk

gks rks mls dksYgw ij Hkstuk gh Ik;kZIr gksrk Fkk&tc rd og esjs ikl Fkk] rc rd fdlh dks csfM+;ksa dk naM ugha Hkqxruk iM+kA u gh

,d FkIiM+ dh Hkh ekjihV vkSj u QwVh dkSM+h dh ?kwlA fQj Hkh rsy dk dke de gqvk vFkok mlds mRiknu esa deh vk xbZ gks] ,slk

ugha gqvkA mlh nkSjku ml dk;kZy; ij canhiky ckjh ds lkys lkgc fu;qDr gks x,A muds f’kf{kr] n;kjke ,oa mnkj LoHkko ds dkj.k

dkjkxkj esa ljdkjh dkedkt mŸke jhfr ls pyrs vkSj cafn;ksa ij vU;k;] vR;kpkj ugha fd, tkrs FksA dksYgw ds dke dh ihM+k ls

pyrs vkSj cafn;ksa ij vU;k;] vR;kpkj ugha fd, tkrs FksA dksYgw ds dke dh ihM+k ,oa vR;kpkj can djus esa mudk Hkh eq>s dkQh

lg;ksx feykA fganw canh rks esjs midkj ekurs&ekurs Fkdrs gh ugha FksA mudh og Hkksyh HkfDr vkSj ns[kdj fd esjh Hkeulkgr] esjs

lnkpkj dks os euks;ksxiwoZd /kU;okn nsrs gSa] mudh vYilarq”V ;kpuk ls nzfor gksdj dHkh&dHkh esjs us= ue gks tkrsA

ihM++k vkSj vR;kpkj can

bl rsy xksnke esa vuqHko ds ckn eq>s tks izeq[k larks”k feyk og ;g fd dqy feykdj eSa mu yksxksa dk fgr lk/k ldk] ftUgksaus

jktcafn;ksa ds nqfnZuksa esa gekjh lgk;rk dh FkhA mlh rjg eSa Lora= yksxksa esa lRik= euq”;ksa ,oa ifjokjksa dh vPNh lgk;rk dj ldus ds

dkj.k viuh d`rK cqf} dks izlUu dj ldkA vc fdlh rjg dh ihM+k nsuk can gks x;k tSlkfd igys FkkA igys cafn;ksa dks ,d gh

le; fn’kk tkus ds fy, NksM+ nsrs] ‘kkSpky; es a vkB&vkB iafDr;ksa esa mUgsa Hkstk tkrk] teknkj dh bPNk gks xbZ rks og QV ls vkKk

nsrk fd ^mBks] vc cl gks x;kA* rc pkgs fdlh dk ‘kkSp iwjk gks ;k u gks] lHkh dks ,dne mBuk iM+rk] vU;Fkk mUgsa uXukoLFkk esa

gh

425

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ckgj [khapk tkrk] dbZ ckj ikuh ls ‘kjhj /kksus ls igys gh mUgsa ckjg [khapk tkrk] bl rjg ds ik’fod vR;kpkj] tks ml dke esa

Hkksxus iM+rs Fks] os vc iw.kZr;k lekIr gks x, FksA eqlyeku okWMZj fdlh fganw dks gkSt dk ikuh ysrs gq, ns[krs rks gkSt esa nksuksa ikao

Mkydj /kksus yxrs vkSj ;fn foo’krk esa ml fganw us ml ikuh dks oSls gh iz;ksx fdk rks th Hkjdj mldh f[kYYkh mM+krs gq, Mhaxsa gkadrs]

tSls mUgksaus cM+k lRdeZ fd;k gksA ml bekjr esa ;g lc tks gksrk Fkk] mlh esa vc ‘k q} ty miyC/k gksus yxk vkSj vc ogka ml rjg

dh mn~naMrk djus dh fgEer fdlh dh ugha gksrh FkhA

ikuh dh ckr fNM+ xbZ] blfy, vkSj ,d Lej.k gqvk fd igys pkj&ikap o”kksaZ eas dHkh&dHkh ukd idM+dj ikuh ihuk iM+rk Fkk] D;ksafd

nwj ls ihus dk ikuh eaxokus ds fy, tc ckjh lqLrh cjrrk rc cafn;ksa dks ,sls dq,a dk ikuh fiyk;k tkrk tks xank&eSyk ?kksf”kr FkkA og

ty bruh lM+ka/k rFkk nqxZZa/k;qDr gksrk Fkk fd fcuk ukd nck, mls ihuk vlaHko gksrkA ckjh ;g ckr Ik;Zos{kd dks dHkh lwfpr ugha

djrkA ,d fnu geus ml ty dks fNikdj j[kkA nwljs fnu Ik;Zos{kd ds vkrs gh geus izFke f’kdk;r dh fd lkFkokys xans dq,a dk ty

ihus ds fy, ckaVk x;k gSA fuR; fu;eiuqlkj ckjh ;g ckr ‘kiFkiwoZd vLohdkj djus yxkA dksbZ Hkh tkenkj vFkok canh gekjs i{k esa

eqag ugha [kksy jgk FkkA gesa gh >qByk;k tkus yxkA rc geus dksus ls og crZu fudkydj vkxs c<+k;kA Ik;Zos{kd us ckjh dh ogha FkksM+h

ik|iwtk dh vkSj dk;kZy; esa tkus ds ckn jgh&lgh dlj iwjh dj nhA mlds Ik’pkr~ oSlk ikuh nsuk can gks x;kA

,slh voLFkk esa ftu cafn;ksa us fiNys fnu fcrk, Fks] mUgsa bl ckr dk cks/k gksus ds fy, fd Jheku fMfxUl lkgc ds canhikydRo ds

fnu dkjkxkj dh rqyuk esa fdrus de nq/kZj Fks&mŸke lk/ku ;gh Fkk fd ftu dkexkjksa esa eghus&nks&eghuk esa de&ls&de ,dk/k canh

Qkalh yxkdj vkRegR;k dj ysrk Fkk] mUgha dkexkjksa rFkk iwjs mifuos’k esa Hkh Qkalh yxk ysus dk ,dk/k mnkgj.k Hkh nqYkZHk gks x;kA

bldk dkj.k Fkk vkB&nl o”kksZa ds vFkd iz;klksa ls mifuos’kh; vf/kdkfj;ksa ds O;ogkj esa fd;k x;k lq/kkjA blds vfrfjDr ,d dkj.k

;g Hkh Fkk fd ;q} ds dkj.k fdlh&u&fdlh cgkus cafn;ksa ds eu esa eqfDr dh vk’kk lr iuiuh xbZA vkRegR;k dh la[;k esa bl deh

dh vksj geus dkjkxkjh; vk;ksx dk /;ku Hkh vkdf”kZr fd;k FkkA

Hkaxh ds lkFk lgHkkst

ml rsy xksnke ds vf/kdkj dk mi;ksx gekjs ‘kqf}dj.k] laxBu vkfn vanekuh; lq/kkj izpkj dk;Z ds fy, vR;f/kd mi;qDr fl} gqvkA

dqN mnkgj.k&,d ckj

426

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


,d fganw Hkaxh dks] tks dqN fnu iwoZ eqlyeku cu x;k Fkk] geus iqu% fganw /keZ esa ys fy;kA ijarq mldh ubZ pksVh ns[kdj eqlyeku mls

viuh iafDr ls mBkus yxs vkSj Hkaxh gksus ds dkj.k fganw mls viuh iafDr esa ysus ds fy, rS;kj ugha FksA rc ge mldk ¼Hkaxh dk½ dke

lekIr gksus ij mls rsy xksnke esa dke ds cgkus cqykrsA vius lkeus lkcqu yxk ‘kq} Luku djkdj mls u, diM+s igukrs vkSj vius

lkFk Hkkstu ds fy, cSBkrsA gekjk rFkk gekjs fe=ksa dk mnkgj.k ns[kdj og Hkaxh /khjs&/khjs fganqvksa dh iafDr esa cSBus yxkA fganw canh Hkh

mldh dksbZ jksd&Vksd ugha djrs vkSj bl izdkj og iqu% eqlyekuksa ds f’kadts esa Qalus ls cp x;kA og izfrfnu rqylhnkl dk Hktu

xkrkA blls iwoZ mlh dksYgw ds vR;kpkj ls =Lr gks vius izk.k cpkus ds fy, dbZ mPp o.khZ; fganw Hkh& vkSj czãh rks iwfN, er&Hkaxh

dk dke ekaxdj dj ysrs FksA ;g dksYgw Hkaxh cukus ds Ldwy ds :i esa fo[;kr Fkk] ijarq og dke vc lguh; gksrs gh ogh mPp

o.khZ; fganw tkfr ls ml cspkjs Hkaxh dks viuh cxy esa cSBus ugha nsrs FksA

yksdekU; dh e`R;q ij miokl¹86

blh nkSjku dHkh vkxs&ihNs yksdekU; ds LoxZokl dk lekpkj vk x;kA izFker% mM+rk lekpkj jkr esa feykA izkr%dky ,dne iDdk

lekpkj feykA yksdekU; dh e`R;q ls esjh vkRek NviVkus yxhA og NviVkgV O;Dr Hkh dSls dh tk,] var esa vkB cts ;g fu’p;

gks x;k fd iwjs vaneku esa miokl j[kk tk, vkSj nwljs fnu ‘kksd izn’kZukFkZ var%LFk lHkk dk vk;kstu fd;k tk,A rRdky gekjh laLFkk

ds lgdkjh yksxksa dks ;g lwfpr fd;k x;kA ,d ds ckn ,d ;g lekpkj dkjkxkj ls ysdj nwj }hi ds xkao&xkao rd Qsy x;k vkSj

Hkkstu ds le; ns[kk rks dkjkx`g ls lqnwj ^jkl* }hi rd vkSj vU; LFkkuksaa ij yksxksa us vius&vius Hkkstu dks udkjkA

vf/kdkjh lksp esa iM+ x,] ;g D;k\ ijarq dksbZ dkj.k ugha crk jgk Fkk] D;ksafd canh dks jktuhfr ugha vkrh] tSls xk; dh vkRek ugha

gksrh vkSj cafn;ksa ds jktuhfr ugha] ckdh ljdkjh jktuhfr djus ij dksbZ ikcanh ugha FkhA bruk gh ugha] mUgsa og Hkh vius eu ds

fo:} djuh iM+rhA mnkgj.k&;q} ds nkSjku ml egk;q}kFkZ vaxszth lkezkT; dk Lo.kZ es: fnokfy;k u gks] blfy, vaneku ds cafn;ksa ls

Hkh vf/kdkfj;ksa us pank bdV~Bk djus esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+h vkSj ;q} esa canh ds Ik’pkr~ ‘kkafr dk ikyu djus ds fy, dksbZ dlj ugha

NksM+h vkSj ;q} esa canh ds I’pkr~ ‘kkafr dk ikyu djus ds fy, mUgsa cyiwoZd ?kaVk&vk/kk ?kaVk pqi cSBuk iM+rkA ijarq yksdekU; dh e`R;q

ij ‘kksd izdV djus dk cafn;ksa dks vf/kdkj ugha

86

vxLr 1920

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


FkkA mlds fy, Hkkstu dk R;kx djus ij ‘kh?kz gh jktnzksfg;ksa ls laca/k j[kus dk vfHk;ksx vkSj csM+h yxrhA vr% canhokuksa us p qIih lk/k

yhA /khjs&/khjs vf/kdkfj;ksa dks vius vki irk pyk fd yksdekU; ds fy, gtkjksa canh vkt miokl dj jgs gSaA ,d&nks ?kaVksa esa ;g

lekpkj pkjksa rjQ Qsy x;k vkSj gtkjksa cafn;ksa us laxfBr miokl dk dSls ikyu fd;k] bl ckr ij vf/kdkfj;ksa dks lØks/k vk’p;Z

gks jgk FkkA ukS o”kZ iwoZ bDdk&nqDdk O;fDr gh gksrk ;k ugha Hkh gksrk] tks fryd ds uke ls ifjfpr gks vkSj ,sls jk”Vªh; ckus dk

O;fDr rks gtkjksa esa ,d gh feyrk] tks bl jk”Vªh; ‘kksd ds fy, ,d fnu dk miokl j[kdj [kkyh isV vFkd dBksj ifjJe dj jgk

gksrkA mlh vaneku esa vkB&ukS o”kksZa ds izpkj ls ,slk laxBu cu x;k vkSj ,slh jktuhfrd vkLFkk mRiUu gks xbZ fd txg&txg ds

ns’klsod usrk cafn;ksa dks dkjkx`g ls nks ?kaVksa esa lans’k izkIr gksuk laHko gqvk vkSj lgÛksa canh ,der ls jk”Vªh; ‘kksd euk ldsA

lHkk,a Hkh xqIr :i ls Hkjus yxhaA

;gh ckr lHkk&xksf”B;kas dks ysdj FkhA ckgj mifuos’k eas gekjh laLFkk ds izeq[k O;fDr lHkk vk;ksftr djrs gq, le;≤ ij yksxksa dks

tkxzr~ djrs] jktuhfrd fo”k; ij Hkk”k.k nsdj mUgsa f’kf{kr djrsA vFkkZr~ bl rjg dh lHkk,a ladV ls eqDr ugha gksrh] D;kasfd cafn;ksa

ds fy, ,d ftys ls nwljs ftys esa tkuk fuf”k} Fkk vkSj bu lHkkvksa esa lkS&lkS canh laxfBr gksrs] tks lHkh Lfkkuksa ls vkrsA ;g laHkkouk

ml mifuos’k esa cafn;ksa] tks jk”Vªh; vkanksyu ds izfr var%LFk :i ls vuqdwy Fks rFkk Lora= vf/kdkfj;ksa dh lgk;rk ls gh dk;kZfUor

gksrhA ijarq dHkh&dHkh lcdqN Vka;&Vka; fQLl gks tkrk vkSj egŸoiw.kZ O;fDr ds gh idM+s tkus dh vk’kadk jgrhA ihulosx uked ,d

ftys dk mnkgj.k nsrs gSaA ,d ckj ogka lHkk dk vk;kstu r; gks x;kA nwj&nwj ls yksx fdlh&u&fdlh cgkus ls vk x,A var%LFk LFkku

ij nwj rd igjs cSBk, x, vkSj lHkk Hkj xbZA vc lHkh yksxksa e s a jk”Vªh; vkos’k dk lapkj.k gks gh jgk Fkk fd eq[; vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ls

iqfyl dk ,d ifjfpr O;fDr fn[kkbZ fn;kA fQj D;k\ ,dne xM+cM+ gks xbZA D;k oDrk] D;k Jksrk vkSj D;k mHkjrk gqvk og

vkos’k&gj dksbZ ?kkl esa ls] iRFkjksa esa ls] pky ds ihNs ls fNirs&fNir s ckM+ ij ls dwndj mM+u&Nw gks x,A tks ,d&nks dwnrs gq, idM+s

x, cl ogha idM+s x,A iqfyl vf/kdkjh Hkh ifjfpr FkkA Åij fdlh us pqxyh [kkbZ Fkh fd bl izdkj var%LFk lHkk,a tqVrh gSa] vr%

mls ofj”Bksa dh vkKk feyh vkSj og ogka vk x;k FkkA vU;Fkk

428

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vius vkaxu esa Hkjh lHkk dh vksj Hkh og vka[k mBkdj ugha ns[krk FkkA dwnrs gq, tks fxj x, mUgsa gh /kedk;k] ijarq mlh ftys ds

gksus vkSj jfookj ds fnu cSBus esa dqN vf/kd gkfu u gksus ds dkj.k vU; yksxksa ds uke&/kke iwNs fcuk gh mlus lwfpr fd;k fd lHkh

oXkSjg dqN ugha FkhA ijarq ogka ds ,d ejkBh canh dks] tks ogka dk usrk Fkk] naMLo:i vkxs pydj pids ls fy[kus ds dke ls gVkdj

Je ds dke ij Hkstk x;kA nks lIrkg Hkh ugha gq, gksaxs] gekjs yksxksa us dqN flQkfj’k ds lkFk mls iqu% fy[kus ds dke ij fu;qDr

fd;kA

vaneku esa gekjs ns’k dh jhfr] ijaijk ds vuqlkj n’kgjk] nhokyh rFkk gksyh ds R;ksgkj cM+s BkB&ckV] /kwe/kke ls euk, tkrs gSaA ogka

,sls rhu eafnj gSa ftuesa ls ,d vf[ky fganqvksa dk] ,d fl[kksa dk rFkk ,d vk;Zlekft;ksa dk vLFkk;h LFkku gSA mu R;ksgkjksa ds fnuksa esa

lHkh fganw cafn;ksa dks NqV~Vh nh tkrh gS vkSj ‘kke rd cktkjksa esa [kqys ?kweus dh NwV Hkh feyrh gSA ijarq dkjkxkj ds canh c kgj ugha tk

ldrsA geus ;g uhfr r; dh Fkh fd bu R;ksgkjksa dh ;k=kvksa dk ykHk ;FkklaHko izpkj dk;Z ds fy, fd;k tk,A gekjs ckgj jgusokys

yksx ml fnu NksVs&eksVs la?k ds :i esa laxfBr gksdj Hkk”k.k ;k ,slh ppkZ djrs] tks lkoZtfud Kku rFkk jk”Vªh; Hkkouk mRiUu

djusokyh gksA eafnjksa esa dFkkokpd ¼iqjkf.kd½ rFkk iqtkjh dks Hkh blh lkaps esa <kyus dk iz;kl djrsA tkfr fufoZ’ks”k fganqvksa ls xhrk ,oa

iqjk.k ij dFkk,a vkSj vk;Zlekt ds Hktu vk;ksftr fd, tkrsA bl izdkj R;ksgkj ds bu fnuksa esa ‘krkf/kd lk/kkj.k vui<+ fganw cafn;ksa

esa jk”Vªh; fopkjksa rFkk jktuhfr dh ftKklk ,oa :fp ds cht cks nsrsA gekjs lkFkh] tks blls iwoZ naM ikdj x, vkSj dkjkx`g esa gekjs

lkFk Fks vkSj ogka ls laLFkk ds izpkj dh ;kstuk vkSj ozr ysdj ckgj vPNs ys[kd] dkj[kkusnkj] x.kd vkfn drZO; le>rs gSaA ijarq

de&ls&de bl laLdj.k rd rks gesa bl eksg ij vadq’k j[kuk gh iM+sxk&dsoy mUgha ds fy,A muesa ls dbZ /kkjokM+] vdksyk] fcgkj

vkfn dh vksj ds f’kf{kr x`gLFk FksA ;|fi mudh x.kuk lk/kkj.k vijkf/k;ksa esa gks xbZ Fkh] rFkkfi mu ij yxk, x, vfHk;ksx fuLlansg

jktuhfrd Fks vkSj blh dkj.k os jktcanh FksA dqN ,sls vui<+ canh Fks ftUgksaus igys pksjh] MdSrh] gR;k vkfn t?kU; vijk/k fd, Fks]

ijarq vc os brus lq/kj x, Fks fd ;g ns[kdj fdlh dks Hkh viwoZ larks”k feyrk fd ;s vijk/k mudh vkRek dks v/kksxkeh ugha cuk

ldsA mifj fufnZ”V cafn;ksa esa ls lHkk rFkk vkanksyu djrs le; fdlh ds idM+s tkus dk izlax vk tkrk rks vkanksyudkjh gksus ds ukrs

vaneku vius dkuwu ds vuqlkj >ViV Qslyk nsrk vkSj

429

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


mudks o”kZ] Ng eghus dk dkjkxkjh; naM Hkh fn;k tkrkA mifuos’kh; lq[k&lqfo/kk,a ,oa vf/kdkj muls vLFkk;h :i esa Nhu fy;s tkrsA

ijarq os mu ladVksa dks >syrsA mudh ns’kHkfDr dk Lo:i bruk lPpk ,oa mRdV Fkk fd dkjkxkj esa mudh x.kuk jktcafn;ksa ds :i esa

dh tkrh] os vknj.kh; cursA

jktcafn;ksa dk lEeku gksus yxk

buds lkgl ls lacaf/kr ,d mnkgj.k izLrqr djrk gwaA tSlkfd geus ihNs gh dgk gS] vaneku esa jktcafn;ksa ls cksyuk Hkh vijk/k FkkA

db;ksa dks bl vijk/k esa inP;qr gksuk iM+kA db;ksa dks ys[ku&dk;Z ls nwj jgdj rsy ds dksYgw esa [kVuk iM+rkA ijarq tc fganqLFkku ls

lSfud f’k{kk&izf’kf{kr jktcafn;ksa dh Vksfy;ka vkus yxh rc iqfyl dh laiw.kZ O;oLFkk foQy gks xbZ] D;ksafd var%LFk lekjksg esa mUgsa

vknjiwoZd Qykgkj vkfn fn;k tkrkA mlh rjg tc jktcanh {keknku ds dkj.k cjh gksus yxs rc okilh dh ;k=k esa fudys mu

ns’kizsfe;ksa dk lRdkj djds ;k=k ds fy, jkg [kpZ dk izca/k fd;k x;kA ftuds ikl dsoy canh ds gh oL= gksrs] mUgsa u, diM+s fn,

tkrs vkSj FkksM+s&cgqr iSls Hkh( vkSj ;g lcdqN var%LFk :i esa] D;ksafd ;fn bldh ckr Qsy xbZ rks ljdkjh naM feyrk vkSj os yksx

efV;kesV gks tkrsA ;g lkjk O;; viuh vi;kZIr VqViqaft;k tsc ls pank bV~dBk djds fn;k tkrkA

vk;ksx ds lkeus geus dqN ckrksa dks vko’;d :Ik ls lq/kkj ;ksX; le>dj vkxzgiwoZd izLrqr fd;k Fkk ;k muesa mu ckrksa dks izeq[k

LFkku fn;k Fkk] tks vaneku esa cafn;ksa dks f’k{kk xzg.k djsu esa izR;{k&vizR;{k :i esa ck/kk curh FkhA vk;ksx us tkrs le; lokZf/kd

vko’;d le>dj m/kj tks lq/kkj fd,] muesa igyk lq/kkj Fkk&oS|dh; O;oLFkkA jcM+ ds dke] taxy ds dke vkfn dBksj dkeksa dh

dBksjrk esa <hy nsuk& nwljk lq/kkj Fkk( vkSj rhljk lq/kkj Fkk f’k{kkRed lq/kkj] ftldh geus ekax dh FkhA cafn;ksa dks f’k{kkRed Lora=rk

vc dkQh va’k rd nh xbZA vc f’k{kk xzg.k djuk vijk/k ugha le>k tkrk] tSlk fd igys FkkA u gh dksbZ ckjh tSlk vf/kdkjh LysV

ns[krs gh mls rM+krM+ QksM+dj dkexkjksa esa /kekpkSdM+h epkrkA ml ij rRdkyhu canhiky rFkk Ik;Zos{kd Hkh f’k{kk izlkj ds i{k e sa FksA

;gh volj ikdj geus Bku fy;k fd vius rsy xksnke dh lkis{k Lora=rk ,oa LFkku dk blh fn’kk esa ;FkklaHko ykHk mBk;k tk,A

blls iwoZ ml canhiky us ns[kk&lquk Fkk fd ge izFker% f’k{kk izlkjkFkZ fdrus ;Ru’khy FksA ijarq blls iwoZ ftl lgkuqHkwfr dk os izn’kZu

ugha dj lds] mls vc vf/kdkj izkIr gksrs gh iznf’kZr djus yxsA eSaus muds lkFk ppkZ ;g r; fd;k fd cPpksa dh Vksyh esa ,d

v/;kidj fu;qDr djds

430

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


cPpksa ls dke dh rjg gh izkFkfed rS;kjh Hkh djokbZ tk,A bl ;kstuk ds vuqlkj ,d jktcanh bl dke ij fu;qDr fd;k x;kA

dkjkxkj laLFkk dk ;gh vuqHko gS fd vYio;Ld vijkf/k;ksa esa ls f’k{kk xzg.k djus ij mŸke ;qok ukxfjd fudy ldrs gSaA ml

jktcanh xq:th us] tks cPpksa ij fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk] viuk dke pks[kk fd;kA os mUgsa v{kjkRed f’k{kk gh iznku ugha djrs] vfirq

gekjs ogka ds f’k{kk&Øe ds vuqlkj eq[;r% jk”Vªh; ,oa vkfRed f’k{kk Hkh iznku djrsA xhrk esa ls dksbZ ‘yksd] /kkfeZd xa zFkksa ds Js”B

rŸo] izfrfnu ds jktuhfrd lekpkjksa ls Hkh mUgsa fuR; fu;fer :i ls ifjfpr fd;k tkrkA fganh Hkk”kk rFkk ukxjh Hkh i<+kbZ tkrhA

vanekuh; turk ds fy, eSaus dqN jk”Vªh; xhr fganh esa rS;kj fd, FksA mUgsa rFkk vU; jk”Vªh; xhrksa dks vaneku ds Lora= ykssx Hkh

fy[kdj ys tkrs vkSj vius cPpksa dks i<+krsA

o;Ldksa ds fy, Hkh f’k{kk dh lqfo/kk

tSls gh dkjkxkjh; cPpksa dh Vksyh esa f’k{kk dh O;oLFkk gqbZ] eSaus o;Ld cafn;ksa ds fy, rsy xksnke esa gh ;g O;oLFkk izR;{k :i esa

djokbZA vkt rd ;g dk;Z pksjh&fNis djuk iM+rk Fkk] ijarq vc og izR;{k :i esa gksus yxkA vkt rd ;g dk;Z pksjh&fNis djuk

iM+rk Fkk] ijar vc og izR;{k :i esa gksus yxkA esjh ns[kjs[k esa ukfj;y ds dke esa lkS Ms<++ lkS canh FksA eSa mUgas nks ?kaVs i<+us ds fy,

NqV~Vh nsrkA blds Ik’pkr~ os Vksfy;ka cukdj i<+us yxsA vc jfookj ds fnu cafn;ksa dks ,d lkFk cSBdj i<+us esa dksbZ jksd&Vksd ugha

FkhA tSls fd igys FkhA vr% gekjh Hkkxrh gqbZ lkIrkfgd cSBdsa vc vkyFkh&ikyFkh yxkdj BkB ls gksus yxhA Hkk”k.k gksus yxsA bl

iznŸk Lora=rk ls canh mUeŸk] mn~naM cus ;k dkepksj gks x,\ vFkok vuq’kklu esa dksbZ [kksV vk xbZ\ fcYdqy ughaA izR;qr blls iwoZ

vuq’kklu dk ikyu cyiwoZd djk;k vFkok fd;k tkrk Fkk] tcfd vc drZO; Hkkouk ls izsfjr gksdj fdk; tkus yxkA nl&ikap yksxksa esa

fdlh ds vuq’kklughu gksrs gh vFkok rw&rM+kd] gkFkkikbZ ij mrjrs gh muesa ls gh dksbZ vka[ksa rjsjdj dgrk] ^,s gjkeh! vc cspkjs

fMfxUl lkgc vkSj ckcwth ge yksxksa dks Bhd ls j[krs gSa rks rqe ‘kSrkuh djrk gS] vka\ ckjh ds fnuksa dks Hkwy x,\*

ljdkjh vuqefr ls ftruk jk”Vªh; dk;Z dj ldrs Fks] mruk djrs gq, tks dk;Z [kqysvke ugha dj ldrs Fks] og iwoZor~ var%LFk :i esa

djrs jgsA tSls Jh xksfoanflag dh t;arhA geus ;g t;arh cM+s iSekus dk fu’p; fd;k Fkk] rkfd fl[k&fganqvksa esa isze rFkk laLd`fr ds

vfHkeku dk ca/ku n`<+ gksA og jfookj dk fnu FkkA vr% izkr%dky ds le; uohu fu;ekuqlkj gh lHkh canh viuh bekjr esa bdV~Bs

cSBsA ijarq bl bekjr ds cafn;ksa dk ml bekjr esa tkuk fuf”k} gksus rFkk

431

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


esjk Hkk”k.k lquus ds fy, mRlqd gksus ij fdlh&u&fdlh cgkus eSaus nks&rhu bekjrksa dh lHkkvksa esa Hkk”k.k fd;kA izR;sd bekjr esa fl[k

jktcanh ds lkFk&lkFk vfl[k fganw canh Hkh vR;ar izseiwoZd ‘kcn&dhrZu] xq: xksfoanflag ds d`R; rFkk fganw laxBu dk egŸo lquus esa

O;Lr FksA ml fnu gekjs dkj[kkus esa rFkk ,d vkSj LFkku ij izlkn cuok;k x;k FkkA ;g ^dM+k izlkn ¼lR;ukjk;.k ds izlkn dh rjg½

lHkh cafn;ksa esa ckaVk x;kA blds Ik’pkr~ jfookj ds fu;e ds vuqlkj leLr canh dksBfj;ksa eas can gks tkrs] ijarq geus viuh xks”Bh

tekdj izk;% lHkh fl[k jktcafn;ksa rFkk vU; izeq[k cafn;ksa dks dksBfj;ksa esa [kqyk j[kok;kA vkSj ftl le; ofj”B vf/kdkjh ckgj pys

tkrs gSa] ml le; lHkh fuEu Js.kh ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ds lg;ksx ls] tks gekjh gh fopkj/kkjk ds Fks] xqacn ij lHkk vk;ksftr dhA mlesa

izR;sd bekjr ds pqfuank yksx mifLFkr FksA vkl&ikl yxHkx lkS yksx laxfBr gksdj igjk nsrs jgs] rkfd dksbZ ofj”B vf/kdkjh u vk

Vidsa geus mlh dkjkxkj esa jk”Vªh; xhr xk,A mlds Ik’pkr~ esjk O;k[;ku mRlkgiwoZd lquk x;kA gka] mlh dkjkxkj esa] tgka ikpa cafn;ksa

dk ,d lkFk fopkj&fofue; djuk vijk/k Fkk&fQj jk”Vª dk uke ysusokys dh rks ckr gh nwjA vkSj jk”Vª dk uke ysusokyk dksbZ fey

Hkh tkrk rks lkS esa ls ,d Hkh O;fDr ,slk ugha feyrk Fkk tks jk”Vª dk uke le> ldrk gks ;k mls HkfDrHkko ls Jo.k dj ldrk gksA

xazFkky; dk foLrkj

cafn;ksa ds bl cqf} fodkl izksRlkgukFkZ] tks dksbZ f’k{kk xzg.k djus esa rRijrk dk izn’kZu djrk vkSj fopkj xksf”B;ksa eas mifLFkr jgrk]

ml canh dks ge gydk&Qqydk vkjkensg dke ns nsrsA izFker% LysVsa vkSj iqLrdsa gesa viuh laLFkk ds }kjk ckaVuh iM+rh] ijarq vc

f’k{kkfiz; vf/kdkjh ds vk tkus ls geus vkxzg fd;k fd ljdkj dh vksj ls canh dks iqLrdsa vkSj LysVsa nh tk,aA vkosnu rFkk

fy[kk&i<+h gksrs&gksrs bl rjg dk vkns’k vk x;k vkSj ljdkjh O;; ls Øfed iqLrdsa rFkk LysVsa feyus yxhaA eSa ckj&ckj vf/kdkfj;ksa

dh n`f”V esa ykrk fd os yksx fdruh mRlqdrk ls mudk mi;ksx dj jgs gSaA xzaFkky; esa jktcafn;ksa dh gh iqLrdsa fdlh canh dks i< +us ds

fy, miyC/k djkus dh lqfo/kk ds fy, vuqefr izkIr djkbZA blds Ik’pkr~ ;g lq>k;k fd xzaFkky; eas dqN iqLrdsa ljdkjh O;; ls j[kh

tk,aA mldh fVIif.k;ka] lwph vkfn cukus dk dke gekjs gh ikl vkus ls mleas ;FkklaHko jk”Vªh; iqLrdsa tksM+dj izeq[kr% fganh iqLrdsa

vf/kd ek=k esa eaxokbZA muesa ls dqN uke mPp vf/kdkjh ^vkifŸkdj* le>dj dkV nsrs&fQj mu iqLrdksa dks var%LFk :i esa

432

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


viuh laLFkk eaxok;kA oSls gh oga var%LFk :i esa ;FkklaHko jk”Vªh; vkanksyu pyk;k x;kA bu iqLrdksa esa rfey] ey;kyh] dUuM+& bl

nzfoM+ la?k dh fganw Hkk”kkvksa dh iqLrdsa Hkh eaxokbZ xbZA

vf/kdkjh vk’p;Zpfdr

,d fnu ;gak ds ,d ;qjksfi;u vf/kdkjh ds lkFk ppkZ djus ij fd bl laiw.kZ f’k{kk&vkanksyu dk dqN lqifj.kke Hkh gS ;k ugha] ;g

tkuus ds fy, geus dkjkxkj ds fganw cafn;ksa esa ls lk/kkj.k fy[kuk&i<+uk tkuusokys canh fdrus gSa vkSj muesa ls ml dkjkxkj es a vkus

ds ckn fdrus f’kf{kr gq,] blds vkadMs+ bdV~Bs fd,A mlls ;g Kkr gqvk fd fganw cafn;ksa eas vLlh izfr’kr canh ,sls Fks tks vaneku

vkus ds Ik’pkr~ f’kf{kr gq,A bl vktekus ds fopkj ls ,d jfookj dks ml vf/kdkjh us vpkud vle; izR;sd dksBjh esa pDdj

yxk;kA rc ;g ns[kdj fd ukukfo/k fo”k;ksa ij iqLrdsa i<+us rFkk jk”Vªh; xhr xkus ls cafn;ksa esa ls vusd yksx rYyhu gSa& ml iqjkus

vf/kdkjh us nkarksa rys vaxqyh nck yh] D;ksafd nl o”kZ iwoZ jfookj ds fnu mlus izk;% lHkh cafn;ksa dks pkSlj] tqvk [ksyrs] xkyh&xykSt

djrs vkSj vusd dqdekZsa esa O;Lr jgrs gq, gh ns[kk FkkA bruk varj ns[kdj mlus foLe; iznf’kZr fd;kA

f’k{kk dh O;k[;k

Åij geus mudh gh la[;k nh gS tks lk/kkj.k fy[kuk&i<+uk tkurs FksA ijarq m/kj geus f’k{kk dh ;g O;k[;k fuf’pr dh gS] ftls

vius ns’k dh rFkk izpfyr jktuhfr dh bruh tkudkjh gS vkSj ftldk lk/kkj.k Kku bruk fodflr gks x;k gS fd og Hkkoh lafo/kku

lHkk vFkok iaplHkk esa viuk izfrfuf/k pquus ds fy, viuk er mldk fufgr vFkZ le>dj ns ldsA bl iSekus ls Hkh mu fganw cafn;ksa

esa de&ls&de pkyhl izfr’kr yksx ^f’kf{kr* dgykus ;ksX; gks x, FksA ;wjksi esa Hkh ernkrk lk/kkj.kr% bruk gh f’kf{kr gksus ls ernku

ds ;ksX; le>k tkrk gSA

Ckgqr fnuksa ds Ik’pkr~ FkksM+k lk gh lgh] gesa ml rsy xksnke esa O;fDr&Lokra™; dk miHkksx djus dk volkj izkIr gks x;k FkkA i zkr%dky

gh ugha vfirq dHkh&dHkh lk;adky Hkh gesa dksBjh ds ckgj NksM+k tkrkA ml le; LoPN] fueZy fNVdh gqbZ pkanuh esa [kM+s jgus dk

vkuan geus nl o”kksaZa ds Ik’pkr~ vuqHko fd;kA cM+k vkuan vkrkA rFkkfi ml pkanuh jkr dh Hkh ,d dkfyek vo’; Fkh vkSj og ;g

fd ;g dkjkoklh; pkanuh gS] tSls ‘e’kku dh pkanuhA

433

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ckck dh /kS;Z’khy ewfrZ

FkksM+s fnuksa ds Ik’pkr~ ml ej?kV dh pkanuh esa esjs lax esjs T;s”B ca/kq dks lgHkkxh gksus dh lgwfy;r izkIr gks xbZA eSa muds lkFk

nks&pkj ?kfM+;ka fcrk ldrk FkkA ijarq og dsoy mudk nq%[k ns[kdj [ksn izdV djus rd gh] D;ksafd mUgsa risfnd gks tkus ls [kkalh

bruh c<+ xbZ Fkh fd ,d ckj [kkaluk vkjaHk gksus ij vk/kk&vk/kk ?kaVk lkal ysuk nwHkj gks tkrkA oSls gh [kkalrs&[kkalrs csar dh QVh

iqjkuh dqlhZ ij gkaQrs gq, ijarq e q[k ij /kS;Z] lkgl dk fLer fy;s gq,&os d”VHkksxh ns’kizseh] esjs vxzt&dacy tSlk QVs&iqjkus cksjs dk

og dksV tks mudh Vkaxs <kairk Fkk& mudh og canhoku~ d:.k ewfrZ eq>s vkt Hkh T;ksa&dh&R;ksa fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSA

ml ej?kV dh pkanuh esa] ml {kf.kd miyC/k O;fDr Lokra™; esa ;FkklaHko vf/kdkf/kd izpkj dk;Z djrs] ;FkklaHko de dq<++rs] de

dqafBr gksrs] fnu ;kiu djrs&djrs ,d fnu izkr%dky ds le; esjs lgd”VHkksxh jktcanh Jheku us tYnh&tYnh vkdj lekpkj&i= dk

,d VqdM+k esjh est ij j[k fn;kA mls fNikdj gh i<+uk Fkk vU;Fkk dksbZ ns[k ysrkA eSaus og i<+ fy;kA ns[kk rks mlesa ;g lekpkj Fkk

fd ljdkj us vaneku dk mifuos’k can djus dk izLrko fd;k gS] vc u, cafn;ksa dk vkxeu :dsxkA bruk gh ugha vfirq tks canhoku

gSa] muesa Hkh tks vaneku eas ugha jguk pkgrs gSa] mUgsa dqN ‘krks aZ ij Lons’kh; dkjkxkj esa Hkstk tk,xkA

;g lekpkj i<+rs gh ge d`rkFkZ gks x,A dkjkxkjh; eaMy ds lkeus geus vaneku ds cafn;ksa ds tks nq%[k izLrqr fd, Fks] muesa fd, gq,

fuHkhZd fo/kku ds fy, geas {keknku dk ykHk ugha feyus fn;k x;k&;g geas fuf’pr Kkr FkkA Hkys gh ge cjh ugha gq,] ijarq bu gtkjksa

cafn;ksa ds fy, tks djuk laHko Fkk] og djds ml dk;Z esa lQyrk izkfIr ds fy, ge vkaf’kd gh lgh] dkj.khHkwr gks x,&blh ls ge

viuh vkRek esa izlUurk dk vuqHko djus yxsA

cafn;ksa esa ls lSdM+ksa yksxksa us ge ij d`rK vkHkkjksa dh ckSNkj dhA muesa ;g ckr lHkh tkurs Fks fd gekjs vkxeu ls vkSj ge vius

jktcafn;ksa rFkk vU; canh lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk nl o”kZ la?kksz ds] lekpkj&i=ksa ds] vkosnuksa ds] la?k”kZ ds] fo/kkulHkk iz’uksa ds] izfroknksa ds]

i=ksa ds }kjk tks vkanksyu pyk, gq, Fks] muls gh vaneku dh vksj] fganqLFkku dk vkSj fganqLFkku ljdkj dk /;ku x;k vkSj tsy vk;ksx

¼Jail Commission½ dks ‘kh?kZrkiwoZd vaneku dk ekeyk gkFk esa ysuk iM+kA eSaus muls] tks esjk vfHkuanu dj jgs Fks] dgk] ^^vaneku

vkf[kj mB x;kA ;g ?kVuk fdlh Hkh ,d ?kVuk dk ifj.kke ugha] vfirq nl o”kksZa ds vfojr rFkk lokZaxh.k vkanksyu dk ifj.kke gSA

mlds fy, vki lHkh us] fo’ks”kr% jktcafn;ksa us tks] d”V mBk, vkSj

434

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


mlesa tks vkaf’kd lQyrk izkIr gqbZ gS] mldk Js; vki lcdk gSA** bruk dgdj eSaus mudk izR;kfHkuanu fd;kA

iRFkj dh nhokj vkf[kj VwVh

^^vkt ckjh ckck pkfg, Fks] ^^eSaus O;aX; esa vius fe= ls dgkA ckjh eq>ls fuR; dgrk] ^lkojdj] D;ksa viuk flj ik”kk.k dh bl

nhokj ls Vdjk jgs gks\ blls D;k nhokj VwVrh gS] flj vo’; QwVsxkA* vkt eSa mlls dgrk] ^fe-ckjh] vaneku ds dkjkxkj dh ik”kk.kh

nhokj ij flj Vdjkrs jgus ls] lR; gh flj cgqr ckj QwVk] ijarq rqEgkjh ik”kk.k dh ;g nhokj Hkh VwVs fcuk ugha jg ldhA*

ml jkr ml lekpkj ij fopkj djds eSa bl fu’p; ij igqap x;k fd fganw fgr dh n`f”V ls fopkj djds ml ljdkjh uhfr dk dgka

leFkZu djuk pkfg, vkSj dgka fojks/k djuk pkfg,A eSaus bl ckr ij Hkh xkSj fd;k fd esjh bl ubZ uhfr ds dkj.k eq>s izFker%

yk sdfiz;rk dks cfy p<+kuk gksxkA yksxksa ds jks”k dks yksd fgrkFkZ dqN dky rd lguk iM+sxk] tSlkfd ‘kqf}dj.k vkanksyu ds le; vkajHk

dky esa mlh mifuos’k eas gqvk FkkA

iwjh rjg vaneku dk mifuos’k rksM+us dh uhfr eq>s igys ls gh Lohdkj ugha FkhA vaneku eas tks dqN pkfg, Fkk] og mifuos’k ugha]

vfirq ftu nq”V izfrxkeh rFkk vfgrdkjh fu;e ds varxZr og ‘kklu py jgk Fkk] os fu;e VwVus pkfg,A cafn;ksa dk mifuos’k eq>s

vo’; pkfg, Fkk] ijarq esjs fopkj ls og ,slh uhfr ls le`} fd;k tk,] ftl uhfr ls baXySaM ds vktUe dkjkokl ij Hksts x,

vijkf/k;ksa }kjk dukMk vkfn ns’kksa esa fodflr fd;k x;k FkkA baXySaM esa pksjh&pdkjh ls gR;k rd ftu&ftu vijkf/k;ksa dks [kwa[kkj ls

Hkh [kwa[kkj le>k tkrk] mUgsa nafMr dh Hkh”k.krk dukMk ds chgM+ HkwHkkx dks clkus esa mi;ksxh fl} gqbZA lH;&f’k”V lekt ds lkSE;

dkuwuksa ls fdafpr~ dBksj vkSj cgqr dM+kbZ ls ikyu fd, tkusokys fu;eksa ds lkFk ml ‘kklu dh ns[kjs[k esa /khjs&/khjs laLdkfjr djus ls

Øwj&ls&Øwj vijkf/k;ksa dk ØwjRo Hkh cafn;ksa dk mifuos’k clkus esa mi;qDr fl} gksrk gSA dsoy ml mifuos’k dh uhfr mu cafn;ksa dk

fouk’k djus vFkok izfr’kks/k dh ugha gks] oju~ lekt ds fy, mudk mi;ksx dj ysusokyh gksA dukMk esa va’kr% rFkk vesfjdk vkSj

vÝhdk esa vf/kdka’kr% tks vaxszt vijk/kh nafMr gksdj x,] mUgsa dBksj fu;eksa ds v/khu ;FkklaHko Lora=rk nsrs jgus ls mudh mxzrk

,oa lkgl dk mfpr mi;ksx dj fy;k x;kA ml ohjku [kaMgj ,oa fgaÛ izns’k esa mifuos’k clk, x,A tks equ”;&cy baXySaM ds

dkjkxkjksa esa

435

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


lM+ jgk Fkk] mlh dks dukMk ds bykdksa esa Hkstdj mudh larku&o`f} gksus nh xbZA ifj.kker% vkt og ‘krxquk o`f}axr gksdj mudh

larkuksa dk Lora= jk”Vª cu x;kA baXySaM dk euq”;&cy ,oa jk”Vª&cy Hkh o`f}axr gqvkA jk”Vªfgr dh n`f”V ls ge ;g vko’;d le>rs

gSa fd ;gh uhfr vaneku ds Hkkjrh; cafn;ksa ds mifuos’k dk ewyk/kkj gksA

vijkf/k;ksa dk lgh mi;ksx

vaneku ds cafn;ksa dk mifuos’k iw.kZr% rksM+ nsuk vkSj vkt rd ds lkjs d”V vkSj O;; ij ikuh Qsjuk gekjs vkanksyu dk /;s; ugha

FkkA gekjh bPnk Fkh fd bl mifuos’k dks jk”Vªh; uhfr ls ‘kkflr fd;k tk,] D;ksafd ;fn vktUe dkjkokl naM izkIr canh vaneku esa ;k

vU; fdlh Hkh }hi esa u;k mifuos’k clkus ugha Hksts x, rks mUgsa pkSng cjl rd fganqLFkku ds fdlh dkjkxkj esa lM+us ds fy, j[kk

tk,xkA bll s mudk thou vR;ar nwHkj gksxkA ijarq jk”Vªh; n`f”V ls bl izdkj ds Hk;adj lkglh vkSj izk;% dV~Vj xq.kksa dk Hkh

nqxZ/ak;qDr [kkn vFkok foLQksVd dh rjg mfpr fofu;ksx djus esa tks mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS] lekt mlls oafpr gksrk gSA mlls Hkh

vf/kd gkfu ;g gksrh gS fd brus euq”;&cy ds dkjkxkj dh pV~Vkuh vkx esa tydj O;FkZ tkus ls mudh larku&o`f} ls Hkh lekt

oafpr jgrk gSA

gekjs erkuqlkj tks oSKkfud ;g izfrikfnr djrs gSa fd vijk/k&izo.krk vkuqoaf’kd gksrh gS] os bl izesg ds lR;ka’k dk vfrjsd djrs

gSaA ;g vlR;] feF;k /kkj.kk gS fd izR;sd nafMr dh nq”Vrk] izR;sd ikih dk iki mldh larku esa Hkh vkuqokaf’kd ijaijk ls mrjrk gSA

vijk/k&izo.krk larku esa mrjs] ;g ek= vkuqoaf’kdrk ij Hkh fuHkZj u gksdj vusd rfnrj dkj.kksa ij Hkh fuHkZj gSA f’k{kk] ifjfLFkfr;ka]

laxhr vkfn vusd dkj.kksa esa ewy cht ls fof{kIr cuh izo`fŸk larku esa vijk/k&izo.krk laØfer gksus ds dkj.k gSA ;fn nqxZ.k vkSj

ln~xq.k fujis{k :i esa larku esa mrjrs rks f’kokth dh dks[k esa laHkkth vkSj vaxszt nafMrksa] tks yksx mRiUu gh ugha gksrs ftUgksaus ,d

lcy&Lora= jk”Vª dk fuekZ.k djds mls fujarj pyk;k gSA ftl rjg ;g lR; ugha fd dfo dk iq= dfo gh cusxk] mlh rjg ;g Hkh

lR; ugha fd nq”V vijk/kh dk iq= vijk/kh gh gksxkA

vr% dkjkxkj esa vktUe can djds vius jk”Vª ds nafMrksa ls oafpr gksuk] mu nafMrksa ds vijk/kkFk Z dsoy mUgsa gh ugha izR;qr jk”Vª dks

naM nsuk Hkh gSA mldh vis{kk bu nafMrksa dks vaneku tSls fdlh taxyh bykds esa Hkstuk] ml HkwHkkx

436

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dks mitkÅ cukus ds fy, lkis{kr% dBksj dkuwu ds uhps ykuk] muls equ”;ksfpr vkpj.k rFkk ifjJe djkuk] mudk ‘kklu djokuk]

dqN le; ds Ik’pkr~ ;fn ;g funf’kZr gks fd muesa ls dqN yksxksa esa lkekftd ln~xq.k fodflr gks jgs gSa] rks mUgsa lkis{k Lora=rk nsuk]

mudk ?kj clkuk] mUgsa laifr izkIr djus dh vuqefr nsuk jk”Vªh; n`f”V ls mfpr gSA gekjs erkuqlkj vaneku mifuos’k ds laca/k esa

ljdkj blh uhfr dks viuk,A blls vaneku tSls ,d u, }hi dh tksrkbZ rks gksxh gh] nafMrksa dh larku ls ,d gksugkj Hkkjrh;

mifuos’k dk fuekZ.k Hkh gksxk vkSj viuh ml equ”;’kfDr ls Hkh ftls jn~nh] csdkj] dwM+k&djdV le>k x;k Fkk] fganqLFkku bruk

egŸoiw.kZ mRiknu fudky ldrk gS] ;g Hkh fl} gks ldsxkA vaneku dk mifuos’k gkfudkjd ugha FkkA mls rksM+uk mfpr ugha Fkk] mfpr

Fkk mu vuqnkj dkuwuksa dks rksM+uk] ftuds vf/kdkj esa mldk ‘kklu FkkA gekjs vkanksyu dk izeq[k mn~ns’; Fkk vanekuh; nafMrksa dks

lq/kkjuk] mUgsa ,slh f’k{kk iznku djuk ftlls mudh larku tUe ysrs gh lH; txr~ dh ukxfjd cusA ;gh ml mifuos’k dh uhfr gk s

vkSj blh uhfr ds vuqdwy dkuwuksa }kjk mldk fu;eu gksA

tsy vk;ksx ds lkeus fn, x, fyf[kr lk{; esa rFkk ekSf[kd ppkZ esa geus ;g cyiwoZd izfrikfnr fd;k FkkA

ijarq tks ljdkjh izLrko izdkf’kr gqvk mlesa ;|fi vanekuh; orZeku mifuos’k ds nks”k vkSj dkuwuksa dks vekuq”k dBksjrk ds i;kZ; ls

Lohdkj fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj ml n`f”V ls gekjk vkanksyu lQy gks x;k Fkk rFkkfi bu xyfr;ksa dks lq/kkjus ds mik;Lo:i ;g mifuos’k

can djds] m/kj vktUe dkjkokl ds canh Hkstus dk pyu NksM+dj ogka ds cafn;ksa dks gh fganqLFkkuh dkjkxkj esa okil Hkstus dk tks

fu’p; izdkf’kr gks x;k gS] og gekjs fopkjkuqlkj vik;dkjh gS] u fd mik;dkjhA vr% geus mlds fojks/k esa ns’k rFkk ml mifuos’k

esa vkokt mBkus dk fu’p; fd;kA

foi{k dh lgkuqHkwfr] Loi{k dk fojks/k

;s vklkj fn[kkbZ nsus yxs fd nqHkkZX;o’k gesa bl dk;Z esa iwoZorhZ foi{k dh lgkuqHkwfr rFkk iwoZorhZ LoIk{k dk fojks/k lguk gksxk] D;ksafd

vaneku ds Lfkkuh; vaxszt vf/kdkfj;ksa dh bPNk Fkh fd ;g mifuos’k u VwVs] de&ls&de ogka ds orZeku gtkjksa cafn;ksa dks bl rjg

vpkud okil Lons’k u Hkstk tk,A mudh bl bPNk dk dkj.k gekjh rjg jk”Vªh; dY;k.k ugha] vfirq ;g Fkk fd ogka ds vksojlh;j

ls ysdj dfe’uj rd vaxszt vf/kdkfj;ksa dk vf/kdkj lekIr u gks vFkok ogka mudk tek&tek;k ykHknk;d :rck MkaokaMksy u gksA

ogka ‘krkf/kd yksxksa ij os tks

437

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fuckZ/k ‘kklu pyk jgs gSa] fganqLFkku esa dgha rcknyk gksus ij mudh og lkoZHkkSe lŸkk ugha jgsxhA ;g lansg vusd dks Fkk fd fg anqLFkku

esa mrus gh vf/kdkj rFkk lqfo/kktud LFkku feysaxs Hkh ;k ugha\ vr% lHkh LFkkuh; vf/kdkjh] de&ls&de ogka ds cafn;ksa dks rks

fganqLFkku esa bl rjg vpkud Hkstk u tk,] ;g dgrs gq, ljdkj ij ncko Mkyus yxs vkSj ljdkjh cafn;ksa dks ;FkklaHko izyksHku

nsdj ljdkjh vkKk dk;kZfUor u gks] bldh ps”Vk djus yxsA ge Hkh bl iz;kl esa yx jgs fd ogka ds canh fganqLFkku u tk,a] vr% bl

dk;Z esa ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj gekjk vPNk&[kklk xBca/ku gks x;kA

ijarq bl viwoZ] vuwBs n`’; ls ogka ds cafn;ksa esa foy{k.k cqf}&Hksn iSnk gqvkA gekjs tSls gh izpkjdksa us vius jk”Vª ds vkt rd ds

vuqHkoksa ls lk/kkj.k yksxksa ds eu esa ljdkj ds O;ogkj ds izfr vfo’okl rFkk lansg dk dhM+k Mkyk FkkA ljdkj tks dqN dgsxh mlesa

nky esas dkyk vo’; gksxkA ijarq ,d vKkuh] vcks/k euq”; ds eu esa ,d ckj fdlh O;fDr ds izfr vfo’okl mRiUu gks x;k rks Hkys

gh vki ml vKkuh euq”; ds ykHk ds fy, dksbZ Hkh ckr djus yxsa] rks Hkh ml vKkuh equ”; ds eu esa og dhM+k vo’; dqycqyk,xk

fd ^nky esa dqN dkyk vo’; gS*A ijarq mldk vKkuh eu og ckr izdV djus dk lkgl ugha dj ldrkA dPpk f[kykM+h fdlh fuiq.k

eYy ls dq’rh yM+us d s fy, eSnku esa mrjus ij Hkwy ls Hkh ml eYy dk vkxs c<+k gqvk gkFk idM+us ds drjkrk gSA ;g le>dj

fgpfdpkrk gS fd dgha mls pdek nsus ds fy, rks blus gkFk vkxs ugha c<+k;kA ifj.kker% mlij izfr nkao&isp dk lqugjk volj og

[kks cSBrk gSA Bhd ,slh gh voLFkk dbZ ckj jktuhfrd vkfn O;ogkj esa lk/kkj.k tulewg dh gksrh gSA ogh fLFkfr vaneku ds cafn;ksa

dh gks xbZA tSls&tSls ljdkjh vf/kdkjh muls vaneku esa gh jgus dk vuqjks/k djus yxs] oSls&oSls os xgjkbZ ls ;gh lkspus yxs fd

fganqLFkku okil ykSVus dks rS;kj gksus esa gh viuk lPpk dY;k.k gSA tks vf/kdkjh ges’kk mUgsa Qalkrs Fks] ogha vkt muls u tkus dk

vuqjks/k dj jgs gSaA rks fQj ;gh ,d dkj.k muds tkus ds fy, cgqr gSA ij tc eSa Hkh dgus yxk fd ^fganqLFkku esa tkuk Bhd ugha]

;gha ij jgks] ubZ lqfo/kk,a ykHknk;d gSa]* rc os vR;f/kd vlaetl esa iM+ x,A os bl ckr ij vk’p;Z ,oa vfo’okl izdV djus

yxs fd eSa Hkh ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa dh gka esa gka dSls feyk jgk gwaA bl rjg ije Lusgh lkFkh Hkh] tks vkt rd esjs dgs esa jgrs Fks]

loZFkk fu:ik; gksdj esjs ijke’kZ dk fojks/k djus yxs] D;ksafd ljdkjh vkKk ^cafn;ksa dks fganqLFkku okil Hkstks* bl okD; dk ee Z mUgkasus

ugha tkuk] tcfd eSaus rqjar tku fy;k FkkA mudh ;g /kkj.kk cu xbZ fd fganqLFkku okil Hkstus dk vFkZ gS

438

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


viuk canhokl lekIr dj ns’k esa iSj j[krs gh Lora= iaNh dh rjg fcYdqy eqDr gks tkukA fganqLFkku tkuk Lohdkj djrs gh ljdkj

mUgsa NksM+ nsxh& vktUe dkjkokl dh ;g ekjd Ja[kyk ns’k esa ikao j[krs gh >Uu ls fxj tk,xh] bl mM+rh xi ds lkFk gh os gtkjksa

canh ckoys cu x,A os ,d gh ‘kksj epkus yxs] ^ge Losn’k esa Hkw[ks ejsaxs] ijarq gesa eqDr djks] fganqLFkku okil Hkst nksA* geus yk[k

dgk] ^rqe tSls gtkjksa vktUe dkjkokl nafMrksa dks bl rjg vpkud fganqLFkku ds rV ij ys tkdj eqDr NksM+us ds fy, ljdkj ixykbZ

ugha gSA D;k ;g jktk Hkkst dk jkt gS\ fganqLFkku ys tkdj Hkh rqEgsa dkjkxkj rFkk dksBfj;ksa esa pkSng cjl iwjs gksus rd can j[kk

tk,xkA ^okil Hkstks* dk ;gh jgL; gSA vr% vaneku esa jgus vFkok Lons’k Hkstus ds bl ljdkjh izLrko dks ojnku le>nkj mudh

nh gqbZ lqfo/kkvksa dks Lohdkj dj vaneku esa gh jgus dh ckr dgksA bu lqfo/kkvksa ds vuqlkj vankeu esa cluk Hkkjrh; dkjkxkjh; okl

ls gtkjksa xquk vf/kd lq[kn ,oa rqEgkjs jk”V ª ds fy, fgrdkjd gSA*

ijarq izFke tks’k ds lkFk gh tks gqYYkM+ ep x;k Fkk] mlesa lk/kkj.k canh gh ugha vfirq jktcanh Hkh cg x,&ugha! ge fganqLFkku tk,axs

vkSj tkrs gh NwVdj vktkn iaNh cusaxs] ,sls fnokLoIu ns[kus yxsA muds fnokLoIu ds jkT; esa gekjs ‘kCnksa dks vaxszth iz’kklu dh rjg

gh ^tCr fd;k x;k* fuf”k} lkfgR; le>dj mlij ikcanh yxk nh xbZA

yksdfgr esa yksdfiz;rk dk cfynku

ijarq gekjs LoHkko dk xBu gh dqN ,slk Fkk fd tc ge fdlh ckr ls vk’oLr gq, fd ;g ckr yksdfgrdkjh gS rks mls dk;kZfUor

djus ds fy, dej dlrs gh&yksxksa }kjk mlds izFke n’kZu esa mlds fgrdkjh igyw ij xkSj u dj ldus ds dkj.k&gesa tuekul dh

vfiz;rk dk f’kdkj gksuk iM+kA rc viuh ckr lgh djus ds fy, gekjk mRlkg] vkos’k tSls fnu nwuk] jkr pkSxquk c<+us yxkA

tuekul dh vfiz;rk dh ygj ftruh cyorh gksrh] mruk gh ml dk;Z esa lQyrk ikus ds iz;klksa dk gekjk vkos’k Hkh BkBsa ekjus

yxrk vkSj mlij fu;a=.k ikuk gekjs fy, vlaHko gksrkA vusd vuqHkoksa ls gekjs fpr us ;g xkaB cka/k j[kh Fkh fd ek= okgokgh ;k

yksdfiz;rk ds fy, yksdfgrdkjh dk;Z ;wa gh NksM+uk LokFkZ dk vfr funauh; Lo:Ik gSA ijarq blfy, geus ,slk Hkh dHkh ugha lkspk fd

tc rd yksxksa dks gekjk dguk fgrdkjd izrhr ugh a gksrk rc rd muds }kjk gekjk fojks/k djus esa vFkok ge ij tks mudh fu”Bk

gS] og Mxexkus esa mudk dksbZ vijk/k ugha Fkk] D;ksafd tSls gesa er&Lora=rk gS] mlh rjg lekt ds izR;sd ?kVd dks jk”Vªh; fgrkfgr

439

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ds laca/k esa er&Lora=rk gSA gekjh ;gh /kkj.kk Fkh fd gekjh rjg muesa ls Hkh izR;sd dk drZO; gS fd og mlij O;fDr fujis{k vey

djsA gka] /khjs&/khjs le>kSrs ds lkFk ge fopkj djsaxs] ijarq ek= yksdfiz;rk ds fy, ge dnkfi ml dk;Z dk R;kx djus ds fy, rRij

ugha gksaxsA geus dbZ mnkgj.kksa ls ;g vuqHko fd;k Fkk fd tks yksx cgqtu fgrk; la?k”kZ djus esa ,d ckj ?kj] }kj] izk.k rd R;kxus ds

fy, rS;kj gksrs gSa] os viuh yksdfiz;rk dk R;kx djus] mls cfy p<+kus esa rqjar fgpfdpkrs gSa vkSj bl dkj.k yksdfgr dk fouk’k gksrs

Hkh geus ns[kk FkkA vr% ml eksg ls ;FkklaHko vius fpŸk ij fu;a=.k j[kus dk dbZ ckj iz;kl djds yksdfgrkFkZ LokFkZ ds vU;

izyksHkuksa dh rjg gh tc vko’;drk iM+h rks yksdfiz;rk dks Hkh cfy p<+k;k gSA gka] ;g Hkh vlR; ugha fd bl izdkj dk cfynku

lg”kZ ugha] vfirq vR;ar d”V ds lkFk ek= drZO;Lo:i fn;k tkrk gSA

vanekuh; mifuos’k dk lR; Lo:i] mldk egŸo] mldh okLrfod dfe;ka vkSj muds fuokj.kkFkZ okLrfod mik;&bl lHkh ckrksa dk eeZ

Lons’k ds usrkvksa dks iwjk voxr u gksus ds dkj.k lafo/kku lHkk ds Lons’kh; lnL; ls ysdj lekpkj&i=ksa ds ys[kdksa rd LkHkh us

vaneku dks lewy m[kkM+us ds fo”k; esa rFkk ogka ds gtkjksa cafn;ksa dks fganqLFkku ykSVkus ds izLrko ij g”kZ iznf’kZr fd;k Fk kA blls ogka

ds cafn;ksa dh gqYyM+ckth dks dqN vf/kd gh cy izkIr gks x;kA ge dkjkxkj esa can&ogha ls tks izdV, vizdV fojks/k iznf’kZr dj ldsa]

mldk ifj.kke ml izpaM gqYyM+ dks jksdus esa vLFkk;h :i esa v{ke gksus yxk] rFkkfi geus MVdj fojks/k djuk vkjaHk fd;kA

vanekuh; canh mifuos’k rksM+us dk fganqLFkku ljdkj dk vkns’k vkrs gh tks canh vaneku esa Fks] de&ls&de os fganqLFkku esa okil u

ykSVsa] blds fy, ogka ds vf/kdkfj;ksa us cafn;ksa ds euksa dks vaneku esa gh jgus dks rS;kj djus ds fy, ogka ls gekjs fganqLFkku vkus ds

vkxs&ihNs /kM+Yys ls vusd lqfo/kkvksa dh ckSNkj dhA izFke FkksM+h lh lqfo/kk,a lkeus j[khaA ijarq vaneku esa jgus ds fy, tc canh rS;kj

ugha gks jgs Fks] rc vf/kdkjh oxZ ,d ds ihNs ,d lqfo/kk rFkk vk’oklu nsus yxkA mu lqfo/kkvksa dh ppkZ djds cafn;ksa ds er

ifjorZukFkZ cafn;ksa dh NksVh&eksVh xksf”B;ka vkSj cSBdsa Hkh [kqysvke djus dh mUgsa NwV nh xbZA bu lqfo/kkvksa esa izeq[k Fkh&izFke nl o”kksZa

eas eqfDr vkSj ikap o”kksZa eas ifjokj ds lkFk jgus dh vuqefrA buds lkFk tks bl izdkj Lo mikftZr i}fr ls ^fVdV* fudkydj jguk

‘kq: djsaxs] mu cafn;ksa dks igys ls dbZ xquk ek=k esa [ksrh vkSj [ksrh dh vko’;d lkexzh ds fy, iwath ukeek= vuqca/k ij nsuk r;

gqvkA

440

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


;g Kkr gksrs gh fd bl lqfo/kk dk ykHk mBkdj cafn;ksa dks vaneku esa jguk pkfg,&ge bl i{k ds gSa&iwjs canh tx~r esa tks [kycyh

ep xbZ Fkh] mldk Åij mYys[k fd;k gh gSA vr% ;g vktekus ds fy, fd gekjh vlyh jk; D;k gS] cafn;ksa us fofHkUu usrkvksa dks

fofHkUu cgkuksa ls gels dkjkxkj esa feyus Hkstus dk miØe ‘kq: fd;kA geus lHkh dks bl vk’k; dk mins’k fn;k&

cafn;ksa esa ls izk;% lHkh yksx Losn’k ls loZFkk fu/kZu vkSj fuEu Lrj ds ifjokjksa ls vk, gSaA ;|fi mUgsa vkt gh fganqLFkku Hkstk x;k

vkSj ogka dkjkxkjksa esa lM+krs gq, eqDr fd;k x;k ¼;g ek= nqjk’kk Fkh] D;ksafd gesa fuf’pr Kkr Fkk fd vaneku ls fganqLFkku t krs gh

cjh djus dh ljdkj dh vkKk ugha Fkh] vfirq muds pkSng o”kZ iwjs gksus rd mUgsa fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkj esa can j[kk tkuk FkkA½ rks

mlls D;k gksxk\ iqu% mUgsa fu/kZurk ds iats esa tdM+s jguk iMs+xkA vius fdlh HkkbZ&can us ;fn gkFk Hkj Hkwfe vFkok >qXxh dk VqdM+k

viuh vuqifLFkfr esa gM+i fy;k] rks bl dkj.ko’k dksVZ&dpgjh djrs jgsaxs ;k ekj&ihV ij mrjsaxs vkSj ;g Hkh vlaHko gks rks Hkh[k

ekaxrs&ekaxrs Fkddj iqu% pksfj;ka] Mkdktuh djus yxsaxs] nqxZfr dk ;g nq”pØ mudh rFkk jk”Vª dh n`f”V ls Hkh fgrdkjh ugha gSA ijarq

;fn yksx vaneku esa izkIr ubZ lqfo/kkvksa ds vuqlkj Bhd ls laxfBr iz;kl djsa vkSj vPNk [ksrh&ckM+h vkfn vkthfodk ds lk/kuksa dks

Lohdkj djds b/kj gh jl&cl tk,a rks os fganqLFkku dks vaneku esa vR;ar vlqfo/kktud tks fnDdr Fkh] og Fkh efgykvksa dk vHkko

vkSj ml dkj.k Lora= ?kj clkus dh vksj :fp dk vHkkoA ijarq ikap o”kZ esa vkSj vkxs ;fn rhu o”kksZa ds vanj Hkh vf/kdkfj;ksa us oSlk

djus dh vuqefr nh gS] mlls og fnDdr va’kr% nwj gks tk,xhA blls iwoZ ogak ds cafn;ksa dks m/kj ds ^Lora=* yksxksa ls fookg rks nwj]

O;ogkj djus dh Hkh vuqefr ugha FkhA ijarq ;gka bldh Hkh lqfo/kk nh xbZ gSA vr% ns’k esa rqe yksxksa ds okil tkdj dkjkokl esa lM+rs

jgus ls vFkok Ms<+ fcŸks dh [ksrh ds fy, HkkbZ&Hkrhtksa ls gkFkkikbZ djrs gq, viuk fgLlk ekaxrs jgus ls vPNk gS fd eq¶r dh ;g ubZ

Hkwfe yks] mls mitkÅ cukvks] u;k vukt mitkvks] mlls thou clj djksA ;gka ds ^Lora=* yksx fganqLFkku ds iwoZ dky esa vk,

cafn;ksa dh larfr c<+kvksa vkSj lq[kh jgksA ns’k esa tkdj blls vf/kd dkSu lk rhj ekjksxs\ ns’k esa vkidks bruk Hkh laifŸk&lq[k rFkk

larfr&lq[k izkIr ugha gksxkA igys rks rqEgsa tkfr&fcjknjh esa fy;s tkus ds gh ykys

441

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


iMsa+xsA fQth vkfn LFkkuksa ls vk, gq, Hkkjrh; rks >qa>ykdj iqu% mlh fons’k esa pys tkrs gSa] rks fQj rqEgkjk D;k&rqe rks Bgj s canhoku]

nafMrA vr% blls iwoZ tks chl o”kksaZ esa eqfDr feyrh Fkh] og nl o”kksZa esa izkIr djds vkSj os nl o”kZ Hkh dkjkokl esa u jgdj rhu

o”kksZa esa gh ifjokj ds lkFk vFkok oSls gh ^Lora=rk* dk fVdV fudkydj ljdkjh [ksrh ysdj mnj&iks”k.k djksA le> yks] viuk HkkX;

vktekus fons’k vk, gksA

O;fDr’k% canhoku ds nq%[k bl rjg Vkys tk ldrs gSaA bruk gh ugha] vfirq ;fn bl ubZ fLFkfr dk ykHk mBkvksxs rks dukMk tSlk&dsi

dkWyksuh tSlk ,d NksVk lk mifuos’k rqe vkSj rqEgkjh larfr feydj fuekZ.k dj ldksxs vkSj viuh fiz; ekr~Hkwfe dks ,d NksVk lk u;k

lkaLd`frd jkT; iznku dj ldksxs] D;ksafd vaneku esa ;fn rqe clksxs rks ;gka fganw laLd`fr dh /otk ygjkrh jgsxhA

;gha fudksckj dks ns[kksA og Hkh blh rjg Hkkjr dk ,d }hi gSA ijarq fganqvksa us mls ugha clk;k rks eyk;h vkSj cehZ yksxksa us clk;kA

og }hi fganw laLd`fr ls lnk ds fy, oafpr jg x;k gSA ;gh voLFkk vaneku dh gksxhA Hkkjrh; cafn;ksa dk mifuos’k VwVrs gh m/kj

czãh vFkok eyk;h yksx clsaxsA m/kj vius cht rFkk /keZ dh rhu ihf<+;kas ls ifjof/kZr larfr u”V gksxh] rhu ihf<+;ksa ds jDrcht dk

vkjksi.k /oLr gksxk] ifjJe dh iwath vdkjFk tk,xhA fganw laLd`fr ls oafpr jgus ij ek= jktuhfrd ca/kuksa ls og }hi vxj Hkkjr

ls tqM+k jgk rks Hkh eu ls og ges’kk phu] eyk;k vkfn eaxksfy;u laLd`fr dh vksj gh vkdf”kZr gksrk jgsxkA

vxzxkeh cuks

jktuhfrd egŸo vkidks fofnr gh gSA ;s }hi Hkkoh Hkkjr ds gokbZ rFkk lkeqfnzd Fkkus gksaxsA ;gka fganw larku clsxh rks ‘kjhj ls gh

ugha] vkRek ls Hkh og rqels fpiddj jgsxhA Hkkjr fla/kq }kj ij lLusgh igjk nsaxsA

bruk egŸoiw.kZ HkkX; fuekZ.k vkt rqe tSls ?k`f.kr] ifrr] nafMr vkSj blhfy, jn~nh] dwM+k&djdV dgyk, x, yksxksa ds gkFkksa esa vk;k

gSA viuk thou lQy gksus dk ;g volj [kks er nsukA blds fy, rqe yksxksa esa tks nl&ikap yksx Lons’k tkus ij egku~ lEeku

vFkok laiUUkrk izkIr djus ;ksX; gSa] os Hkh rqe lHkh dk usr`Ro djrs gq, rqels ,d uwru fganw mifuos’k clkus] ekr`Hkwfe dks ,d NksVk

lk u;k lkaLd`frd jkT; laiknu djus ds bl dk;Z dks laiUu djus ds fy, dgrs gq, Hkkjr dh lkoZHkkSe lŸkk esa okil u tkrs gq, cjh

gksus ds Ik’pkr~ vaneku esa gh jgsaA ,d laiw.kZ thou dks

442

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


lQyrk izkIr djus ds fy, ;g /;s; Ik;kZIr gSA izR;sd LFky ij blh rjg ds dqN izpkjd vxzxkeh rFkk iqjksxkeh O;fDr dqaMyh ekjdj

cSBus vkSj ogha ifjJe djrs&djrs ejus ds fy, vko’;d gksrs gSaA fQj fganqLFkku ds fy, vaneku thrusokys vxzxkeh rqEgha D;ksa ugha

curs\

blh vk’k; ds bUgha okD;ksa dk ckj&ckj mPpkj.k djus ls var esa cafn;ksa esa ls mu yksxksa ds eu] tks vkt rd gekjh laLFkk dks lg;ksx

nsrs jgs] iqu% gekjh vksj izo`Ÿk gksus yxsA fganqLFkku okil tkus dk vFkZ iw.kZ eqfDr ugha cfYd vaneku ls vf/kd dkjkoklh; dSaph esa can

gksuk gS&bl lR; ij os fopkj djus yxsA muesa ls db;ksa ds eu esa esjh ‘kCn&psruk ls muds jk”Vªh; drZO; ds laca/k esa mPp Hkko

mfnr gks x,A

rFkkfi esjs fy, ;g b”V gh Fkk fd ljdkj dks vf/kd&ls&vf/kd lqfo/kk nsus d s fy, ck/; djus ds fy, canhoku ^eu&eu Hkkos ewaM

fgykos* dk fn[kkok djsa vkSj ;g dgsa fd vewd lqfo/kk nsus ls ;gka jgsaxs] vU;Fkk gesa Hkst nksA blds vuqlkj cafn;ksa dh lHkk,a gksus

yxhA ljdkj ml iz;ksx rd lHkk dh Lora=rk nsus yxhA bl ljdkjh fu;a=.k dh f<ykbZ dk ykHk mBkdj mu lHkkvksa esa laxBu dh]

jktuhfrd izpkj ds O;k[;kuksa dh rFkk ppkZ dh ckr cukuk Hkh geus vkjaHk fd;kA

ml le; vU; yksxksa ds fy, mnkgj.kLo:i eSaus Lo;a ljdkj dks vkosnu&i= Hkstk fd ;fn fganqLFkku esa Hkstrs gh eq>s eqDr ugha fd;k

tk,xk rk s tc rd esjk naM lekIr ugha gksrk] eSa vaneku esa gh jguk pkgrk gwaA gka] esjs nl o”kZ iwjs gksus ij eq>s lifjokj vFkok

Lora= fVdV ij }hi esa jgus dh vuqefr nh tk,A dkjkxkj esa j[kuk gks rks vaneku esa gh j[kk tk,A

blls iwoZ eSaus ‘kkjhfjd LokLF; vkSj fiNy s vusd Hkkxksa esa of.kZr lqfo/kkvksa ds fy, jktcafn;ksa dks fganqLFkkuh dkjkxkj eas Hkstus ds fy,

vkosnu&i= Hksts FksA ijarq vc ;g tkudj fd ubZ lqfo/kk ds vuqlkj vaneku esa lSdM+ksa cafn;ksa dk O;fDrxr ykHk gksus dh rFkk jk”Vªh;

n`f”V ls ,d fganw mifuos’k dks VwVus ls cpkus dk volj rFkk vko’;drk vkbZ gS] eSaus Lo;a fu’p; fd;k fd tc rd eSa Lo;a canh gwa]

vaneku esa gh jgdj ogka ds canh mifuos’k ds fgr lk/ku dk dk;Z djuk gh viuk ,dek= mn~ns’; le>waA esjs mnkgj.k ls vU; cafn;ksa

dks Hkh ogka jgus dh izsj.kk feyrh xbZA

;g ns[kdj fd vaneku dk mifuos’k fLFkj j[kus ds fy, eSaus dej dlh gS] ogka ds ^Lora=* yksx esjk midkj ekuus yxsA os cspkjs

eqV~Bh Hkj yksx! mudh [ksrh&ckM+h dqN Hkh ughaA mudh mithfodk canh mifuos’k ij fuHkZjA ;fn lHkh cafn;ksa dks

443

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fganqLFkku esa Hkst fn;k tkrk] og mifuos’k mB tkrk rks mudh dSlh xr curh\ mudh Hkwfe fo”k;d] mlij fy;s tkusokys yxku

fo”k;d] ljdkjh i}fr fo”k;d ftlesa tc pkgs rc yxku olwy fd;k tkrk] bl rjg mudh vusd ihM+k,a nwj djus ds fy, muds

vkosnu&i= tk,a vkSj os Hkh vkanksyu djsa& blds fy, iz;kl gksus yxsA canh fuR; ;gh dgrs fd ^Lora= gksdj Hkh D;k djuk gS\* var%

;g fl} djus ds fy, fd Lora= gksus esa Hkh ykHk gS&ljdkj dks ^Lora=ksa* dh dqN O;oLFkk djuk vko’;d Fkk vkSj mldk iwjk ykHk

mBkus ds fy, vkanksyu vko’;d FkkA muds dqN usrkvksa ls esjh vizR;{k HksaV gksrh] muds vkosnu&i=ksa dk fufj{k.k djds eSa mUgsa lq/kkj

nsrkA

vfgalk dh ekaxfyd >a>k

ml o”kZ jktuhfr dk izeq[k fo”k; ^f[kykQr* vkSj ^vlg;ksx* FkkA viuh lHkkvksa] ppkZvksa esa ge bu nksuksa ckrksa dk fojks/k djrsA

^fganqLFkku* esa yksdekU; fryd dk LoxZokl gksrs gh f[kykQr vkSj vlg;ksx vkanksyu us tksj idM+kA ,d iqjkru /kkj.kk gS fd fdlh

vlk/kkj.k iq:”k dh e`R;q gksrs gh og vk?kkr izd`fr ds fy, vlguh; gks tkrk gS] izpaM ekaxfyd >a>k] vka/kh rFkk lalkj esa vusd

laØked jksx mRiUu gks tkrs gSaA yksdekU; tSls /kqja/kj ds vn`’; gksrs gh f[kykQr dk ;g vR;ar vkRe?kkrh vkanksyu vkSj bl ,d o”kZ

eas pj[kk ?kqekdj vkSj vfgalk dh rFkk lR; dh vR;ar myVh&lh/kh O;k[;k ij mHkj gqvk rstksghu rFkk rstksfouk’kd vlg;ksx }kjk

LojkT; izkIr djus dh bPNk djusokyk vkReoapd mUekn] blh rjg dh ,d ekaxfyd] v’kqHk >a>k py jgh gSA ;g cqf} Hkze dk ,d

jksx] ,d laØked jksx dk vkjaHk gks x;k gSA

igys ls gh geus f[kykQr vkanksyu dk&og ftl fl}kar ij mHkkjk x;k Fkk] mlds jk”Vª fo?kkrd xfHkZrkFkZ gksus dk dM+k fojks/k fd;kA

^;g f[kykQr ugha] vkQr gS*&;g okD; vaneku ds ?kj&}kj rd xjtrk jgkA ^;g f[kykQr ugha] vkQr gS*&;g okD; vaneku ds

?kj&}kj rd xjtrk jgkA vfgalk dh og O;k[;k! lR; dh og O;k[;k! ml le; fuR; ?kfVr gksrh ?kVukvksa dks Li”V djrs gq, vkSj

lSdM+ksa yksxksa dk fojks/k lgrs var esa izk;% lHkh dks mldk [kks[kyk ‘kCnPNy vkSj jk”Vª&fo?kkrh vO;kogkfjdrk geus cM+h dfBukbZ ls

le>kbZA

ml le; Åij of.kZr erksa dh lR;rk fo”k;d gesa dbZ vk’p;Ztud lk{; feys] dbZ laLej.kh; ?kVuk,a ?kVhA muesa ls mnkgj.kkFkZ ,d

?kVuk izLrqr djrk gwa&

Jh a a a a a;s nksuksa jktcanh vktUe dkysikuh dk naM Hkqxrus ;gka vk, FksA muij iatkc ds naxs ds okjaV FksA os ykirk gks x, FksA yxHkx

Ng eghus os ns’k esa gh dk;Z

444

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


djrs gq, ?kwe jgs Fks] ijarq mudk fBdkuk fdlh dks ugha feykA muds vuqlkj os ckck xq:nŸkflag dh rjg cjlksa rd Hkwfexr jgdj

ljdkjh dkuwuksa dks vuns[kk djds dk;Z dj ldrs FksA ijarq brus esa mUgksaus vlg;ksx ,oa dkuwu Hkax ds ,d izeq[k usrk ls vR;ar

fo’okl ds lkFk HksaV djrs gq, viuh iwjh jkedgkuh lqukbZA ml usrk us QuQukrs gq, dgk] ^^HkbZ] fdruh Hkh:rk! ljdkjh okjaV ls

?kcjkdj Hkkxrs jgs gks! bl izdkj dk vlR; vkpj.k EkSa ugha lg ldrkA tkvks vkSj rqjar eftLVsªV ds lkeus mifLFkr gks tkvksA**

geus dgk] ^^ml rjg dkuwu ds vuqlkj pyuk Hkh rks lgdkfjrk gh gSA ge rks vHkh dkuwu dks cyghu dj jgs gSaA ;gh okLro esa

dkuwu Hkax gSA vFkkZr~ okLrfod vlg;ksx gSA ge ¼;g½ dk;Z dj gh jgs gSa] vr% ge Mjdj Hkkx jgs gSa] ;g dguk fuewZy gSA vki tks

dg jgs gSa] oSlk djuk dkuwu Hkax ugha gS] og rks dkuwu dk ikyu gksxkA ljdkjh mn~ns’; dh iwfrZ djuk rks lgdkfjrk gSA** mUgksau s

ugha&ugha dgrs gq, eftLVsªV ds lkeus mifLFkr gksus dk vkns’k fn;kA os nksuksa viuk fdjk;k [kpZ djds iqu% mŸkj dh vksj x, vkSj

ml eftLVªsV ds lkeus mifLFkr gks x,A mUgsa idM+k x;k vkSj Økafrdkjh fonzksg ds vijk/k esa ;Fkkfof/k vkthou dkykikuh dk naM fn;k

x;kA

ijarq tc os viuh bl Hkwy ij Ik’pkŸkki ls mQurs gq, ml usrk dh fuank djus yxs rc eSaus dgk] ^^HkbZ] fuank gh djuh gS rks vdsys

ml mins’kd dh gh ugha dh tk ldrh] mUgksaus yk[k dgk] ijarq vius lquk gh D;ksa\ mUgksaus cqf} Hksn fd;k] ijarq vkius djus D;ksa

fn;k\**

izfrlgdkj

rRdkyhu lkjh ckrsa u nsrs gq, Hkh esjs rRdkyhu fopkjksa rFkk izpkj dk fu”d”kZ vkSj ,d&nks okD;ksa esa n’kkZ;k tk ldrk gSA esjk dguk

Fkk&

ge Økafrdkjh izFker% bl rŸo ij xkSj djsa fd okLrfod jktuhfr lgdkjh Hkh ugha gksrh vkSj vlgdkjh Hkh ugha] og izfr&lgdkjh

gksrh gSA uhfr dh n`f”V ls Hkh og oSlh gh gksuh pkfg,A ;fn lg;ksx }kjk leL;k dk gy gksrk gS rks foi{k ls vo’; lg;ksx djsaA

;fn lg;ksx ugha gS rks vlg;ksxA og dHkh fu%’kL= Lo:Ik /kkj.k djrk gS rks dHkh l’kL=( vkSj og fu%’kL= fojks/k Hkh vLFkk;h gh

gksuk pkfg,A vlg;ksx dksbZ fl}kar ugha] og ,d rkRdkfyd mik; gSA okLrfod /;s; ;gh gS fd euq”; ek= lg;ksx djs vkSj og

lg;ksx ijLij fgr ds vuqdwy gks& ,slk djsa vFkok djus ds fy, ck/; djsa] rHkh ,slk gksxkA vr% mls izfrlg;ksx vFkok izfr;ksx

dgk tkrk gSA*

445

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vlg;ksx vkanksyu esa eqYyk dh nkSM+ fdl efLtn rd gksxh vkSj f[kykQr ds ifj.kkeLo:i eqlyekuksa dh jk”Vªfo?kkrd /kekZa/krk fdru s

Hk;adj :i esa HkM+d mBsxh]¹87 ;g Hkfo”;ok.kh eSaus ckj&ckj vius lHkh lg;ksxh] lgHkkxh jktcafn;ksa rFkk cafn;ksa esa dh FkhA

87

blh eqlyeku /kekZa/krk us var esa Hkkjr dk foHkktu fd;kA mlls Hkh larq”V u gksdj ikfdLrku vkt Hkh Hkkjr ls yM+ jgk gSA

446

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&11

vaneku ds vafre fnu

blh nkSjku ,d fnu esjs vuqt eq>ls feyus vk x,A¹88 esjh eqfDr dh jŸkh Hkj Hkh vk’kk ugha FkhA esjs T;s”B ca/kq dk LokLF;

fnu&c&fnu fxjrk tk jgk FkkA ,slh voLFkk esa bl rjg HksaV gksrs gh fpŸk esa izFke fopkj ;gh mHkjrk fd dgha ;g vafre HksaV rks

ugha\ vkSj ,d o”kZ Ik’pkr~ HksaV ds fy, tc iqu% vuqefr feysxh a a arc rd a a,d o”kZ chrsxkA dkjkxkj esa ,fM+;k jxM+&jxM+dj f?klh

gqbZ nsg dks ,d&,d fnu pykuk nwHkj gks x;k FkkA vr% ca/kq dks lkgl cVksjdj Li”V gh dgk] ^^cky] lR; pkgs fdruk Hkh fu”Bqj]

fueksZgh D;ksa u gks] ml lR; dk lkeuk djus ds fy, gkFk&ikao Qwyus tSlk rqEgkjk /kS;Z nqcZy ugha gS&;g fuf’pr Kkr gksus ds dkj.k

rqels ;FkkFkZ dks fNikus dk dksbZ dkj.k eq>s ugha fn[krkA myVs /khjs&/khjs rFk tkurs&le>rs vk jgs nq%[k dk vk?kkr vpkud VwVs

nq%[k&la?k”kZ ds igkM+ dh vis{kk vf/kd lqlã gksrk gSA vr% eSa dg jgk gwa fd vc rqe nksuksa ds thou dk vafre lekpkj lquus&dgus

ds fy, rS;kj jgksA vc vf/kd fnu fuckg gksxk] ,slk fn[krk ugha gS] rFkkfi ;g er Hkwyks fd dHkh vlaHkouh; ?kVuk,a Hkh ?kVrh gSaA

‘kk;n blesa ls th thfor fudysaxsA ijarq vc og laHkkouk loZFkk fHkUu gSA izk;% ;g gekjh vafre HksaV gh gksxhA**

,d&,d ‘kCn ân; dks /kDds ns jgk FkkA vFkkZr~ cky dh eqnzk vpkud L;kg iM+ xbZA ijarq og Hkh ns[k jgk Fkk fd ;s fu”Bqj ‘kCn ek=

lR; dh xwat gSa] ,rnFkZ geus foosd ls dg fn;k] mlus lqu fy;kA

geus nl o”kZ iwjs djds ^fVdV* ds fy, vkosnu fd;k FkkA bldk mŸkj vk x;k fd ^rqEgsa vkSj T;s”B ca/kq dks dkjkxkj esa gh fVdV

fn;k gSA* fVdV dk vFkZ gh Fkk fd og O;fDr dqN Lora= O;olk; dj lds vkSj mifuos’k esa viuk ?kj clkdj iRuh&cPpksa ds lkFk

jg ldsA ogha fVdV tks vU; yksxksa dks rhu o”kksaZZ esa nsus dk

88

Rkjh[k 11 ls14 uoacj] 1920

447

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vkns’k vk x;k Fkk] gesa nl o”kksaZa esa fey x;kA dgka\ dkjkxkj esaA vFkkZr~ dkjkx`g ls gesa ckgj ugha NksM+k x;k] Lora= mifuos’k rFkk

?kj dk rks uke gh ugha( vkSj fVdV fey x;k A ;g fujh foMacuk Fkh] lEeku Fkk] tys ij ued fNM+dk x;k FkkA vaneku ds dkuwuksa

dk] ogka ds cafn;ksa dks ykHk fey lds] blds fy, O;; fd, gq, izR;sd ‘kCn dk ge ewfrZear viokn FksA

bl izdkj pkjksa vksj ls ne ?kqVus ds dkj.k dHkh&dHkh gekjk rFkk vU; jktcafn;ksa dk thou vlã gks tkrkA vr% mUgsa vkSj vius

vkidks ,d vFkZghu vkRe?kkr ls cpkus ds fy, geus vius jktcafn;ksa esa ls vR;ar vkReh; ,oa lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk fu.kkZ;d :i esa

Hk;adj “kM~;a= jpkA mlesa jktcanh ds vfrfjDr lk/kkj.k cafn;ksa esa ls Hkh dqN yksxksa dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k FkkA tc loZFkk ,slk izrhr

gks fd vc jktcafn;ksa esa ls veqd&veqd O;fDr;ksa dh eqfDr dh vk’kk ‘ks”k ugha jgh] os lc canh ftUgsa u NksM+us ds fy, pquk x;k gS]

,d lkFk a a aa

,d fnol tSls&rSls d”V esa chrk vkSj lka;dkyhu ?kaVk ctk fd ,slk izrhr gksrk&pyks NwVsA vc dsoy funzkuan! izxk< + lq[kA nq%[k dk

,d fnol lekIrA eqfDr ,d fnu fudV vk xbZA ijarq rqjar izrhr gksrk&th gka] eqfDr ,d fnu lehi vk xbZ vkSj e`R;q Hkh A tks fnu

lekIr gksrk] og tSls naM ls de gksrk] oSls gh thou dh lkef;d if=dk ls Hkh de gks tkrkA

,sls gh ,d fnu lk;adkyhu ?kaVk lqudj geus rsy&xksnke dks rkyk Bksadk] pkHkh cM+s teknkj ds gkFkksa lkSaidj ge dksBjh esa can gksus

py iM+s] D;ksafd ^fVdV* feyus ij Hkh gesa tSls fnu esa dkjkx`g ds Hkhrj jguk Fkk] oSls gh jkr esa fdlh fcuk fVdV canh dh rjg

dksBjh esa can gksdj ,dkar rFkk va/ksjs esa iM+s jguk gksrk FkkA ge pkHkh nsdj okil ykSVs] brus esa ckgj ls ykSVs okWMZj us esjs gkFk esa

xqipqi ,d fpV~Bh FkekbZ vkSj izQqfYYkr gksdj ^vPNk lekpkj gS* dgrs gq, >V ls f[kld x;kA geus fpV~Bh [kksydj ns[khA mlesa ;g

lekpkj Fkk fd vkt dfe’uj ds iz/kku dk;kZy; esa fganqLFkku ljdkj dk ;g vkns’k izkIr gqvk fd lkojdkj ca/kqvksa dks fganqLFkku okil

Hkstks] cacbZ ljdkj us mUgsa okil cqyk;k gSA

blls iwoZ bl rjg ds lekpkj ipkl ckj vk, vkSj x,] ijarq ge oSls gh vaneku esa iM+s jgsA ,sls lekpkj ij gekjk drbZ fo’okl

ugha jg x;k FkkA ;g gekjs fe= dk Kkr Fkk] vr% mlus fpV~Bh esa fy[kk Fkk&^;g lekpkj fuf’pr gS] vkns’k izR;{k ns[kk gSA*

gksxk! vcdh ckj ;g lekpkj lR; Hkh gks ldrk Fkk] D;ksafd tgka cafn;ksa dks rhu o”kksZa ds vanj choh&cPps ykus dh vuqefr feyus

yxh] ogka gesa nl o”kksZa

448

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ckn Hkh ^dkjkx`g esa fVdV* ds foy{k.k ,oa vlaHkkO; cgkus ls nh?kZdky rd Bwals j[kus d fuyZTtrk cgqr fnu rd fVdusokyh ugha

FkhA ;k rks iw.kZ Lora=rkiwoZd fopj.k djus fn;k tk, vFkok rRdkyhu cafn;ksa dks fganqLFkku okil Hkstus dh ubZ xi dk ykHk mBkdj

fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkjksa esa iqu% lM+us fn;k tk,&;gh nks vFkZ fudyrs FksA muesa vFkkZr~ vaneku esa gesa eqDr j[kus ls fganqLFkku ds dkjkx`g

esa can j[kus dk ekxZ gh vf/kdkfj;ksa ds fy, T;knk mi;qDr FkkA igys tks pht gesa ekaxdj Hkh ugha feyh] ogh vc mUgksaus Lo;a gekjh

>ksyh esa Mky nh] D;ksafd mlh dkj.k nl o”kksZa ckn Hkh gesa dkjkx`g dh pkjnhokjh esa can j[kuk muds fy, laHko gksusokyk Fkk v kSj og

Hkh n;k ds uke ij] D;ksafd fganqLFkku ds yksxksa ds fy, fd gesa fganqLFkku esa okil yk;k x;k gS&nwljk igyw vKkr gksus ds dkj.k n;k

gh yxrh FkhA

bl rjg ds fopkj jkr Hkj eu esa eaMjkrs jgs FksA izkr%dky dkjkx`g ds vf/kdkfj;ksa us Hkh gesa cqykdj crk;k] ^^vki iqLrdsa vkfn

lkeku cka/kdj jf[k,A** rc ;g fuf’pr :i esa fn[kkbZ nsus yxk fd vc gesa fganqLFkku Hkstk tk,xkA

ijarq fganqLFkku Hkstk tk,xk fganqLFkku ds dkjkx`g esa can djus ds fy,&mlesa fNis bl jgL; dh vksj /;ku u tkus ds dkj.k iwjs vaneku

esa lekpkj QSy x;k&^lkojdj cjh gksaxsA* turk us gekjh eqfDr fo”k;d viuh mRdV rFkk vkLFkkiw.kZ bPNk dks gh okLrfod ?kVuk

le>dj Li”V dguk vkjaHk fd;k] ^^ugha&ugha! ckcwth] vc vkidks lyk[kksa ds ihNs dkSu j[k ldrk gS\ fganqLFkku igqaprs gh vkidks

vo’; eqDr fd;k tk,xkA** viuh dkeuk dk gh mldh iwfrZ le>dj mu Lusfgy yksxksa us ge ij vfHkuanu dh o”kkZ dhA

ijarq gesa eu&gh&eu mf}Xurk dpksVus yxhA vaneku ds dkjkxkj esa de&ls&de ,d lq[k Fkk fd vius T;s”B ca/kq ds lkFk ge jg rks

ldrs FksA vc fganqLFkku ds dkjkxkj esa izk;% nksuksa dk vyx djds fHkUu izkarksa esa Hkstk tk,xkA nwljh ckr ;g fd vaneku esa ftuds

laidZ esa iwjs nl o”kZ O;rhr fd, Fks] mu mifuos’kh; yksxksa esa gekjs vusd varjax Lusgh cu pqds FksA ^fVdV* fey tksus ls muesa Lora=

:i esa lifjokj jgus dk volj yxHkx fudV vk gh jgk Fkk fd iqu% Hkkjrh; canhx`g esa vius vkidksa can dj nsuk iM+ jgk gSA bu

vanekuh b”V fe=ksa ls fo;ksx a a tSls iwoZor~ vaneku tkrs le; gekjs Hkkjrh; b”V fe=ksa dks vktUe dkjkokl dk nq%[k O;fFkr dj jgk

FkkA a a Bhd mlh rjg vc ,slh voLFkk esa vaneku ls okil fganqLFkku ykSVrs le; bu b”V fe=ksa dks fcNksg dk nq%[k O;fFkr djus

yxkA gesa Hkh ,slk yxus yxk fd ;g vktUe dkjkokl dk nwljk naM gh gSA

geus viuh iqLrdsa lesVhA muesa ls cgqr lkjh iqLrdsa ogka ds xzaFkky; dks ns

449

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


nhA cgqr lkjh ogka ds cafn;ksa rFkk Lora= tuksa esa ckaVhA vafre fnu ckgj ds yksx fdlh&u&fdlh cgkus ls feyus vkrs jgs FksA gj iy

eu esa ;gh Hk; lek;k Fkk fd bl HkhM+&HkM+Dds dk lR;kFkZ le>dj ;fn vf/kdkjh bDds&nqDds dks idM+ ysa rks esjs fy, ml cspkjs ds

isV ij yki ekjh tk,xhA ijarq ml fnu yxHkx dksbZ fdlh ls ugha iwN jgk FkkA ml fnu ds fy, lkjs cafn;ksa us vf/kdkfj;ksa dk Hk;

yxHkx rkd ij j[k fn;k FkkA vf/kdkfj;ksa us Hkh dksbZ fo’ks”k /;ku ugha fn;kA ftUgsa izR;{k feyuk vlaHko Fkk] mUgksaus Hkh gekjs euk

djus ds ckotqn migkjLo:i Qy&Qwy] feBkbZ] lksMs dh cksrysa] fcLdqV ds fMCcs vkfn oLrq,a dkjkx`g ds }kj rd igqapkus dk miØe

fd;kA fdrus nhu&fu/kZu Fks os ,dk/k dsyk] rjcwt] ,dk/k Qwy Hkh dkjkx`g ds }kj ij j[k tkrsA nksigj esa eSa pqids ls }kj rd x;k

rks mu bdV~Bs gq, fMCcksa] Qyksa rFkk vU; is;kfn cksryksa&oLrqvksa dk m/kj gh ckaV fn;kA ftl fdlh us esjh ,d ugha lquh rks mldh

dqN oLrq,a vius ikl j[k yhA blds Ik’pkr~ tks ,d&nks gksugkj fe= ‘kkafr ls feyus vk,] muesa ls ,d dks ogka dh LkLaFkk dh ‘kiFk

fnykbZ&

^^,d nso ,d ns’k ,d vk’kkA

,d tkfr ,d tho ,d Hkk”kkAA**

fQj ogka ds bl izpfyr ea= dk vFkZ mls le>k;kA crk;k fd bl ,d vk’kk dh iwfrZ ds fy, bl rjg ^,d tho* cus fganw ek= dks

izlaxo’k izk.kkiZ.k ds lkFk D;k djuk pkfg,A jhfr ds vuqlkj mUgsa ;g crk;k fd bl /;s; dh flf} ds fy, tc rd bl rjg egku~

LokFkZ R;kx djus dh ‘kfDr ugha vkrh vkSj blfy, fd og vk tk,] l|%fLFkfr esa lacaf/kr O;fDr;ksa ds vaneku esa D;k&D;k drZO; gSaA

brus esa izgjh us lwfpr fd;k] ^^lkgc vk jgk gSA flikfg;ksa dk og ny Hkh vk jgk gS tks vkidks ys tk,xkA**

ge mB [kM+s gq,A eu dks ,d rjg ds ifo= larks”k dk vuqHko gks jgk Fkk fd vaneku ds bl nl o”khZ; dkjkxkj esa vius vkidks

vk’kk dh dcz eas nQukdj jgrs gq, vkt nl&ckjg o”kksZa ds Ik’pkr~ Hkh gekjk vafre d`R; Bhd ogh Fkk] ftls dgus dk vfl/kkjk ozr

geus X;kjg o”kZ dh vk;q esa Lohdkjk FkkA Hkkjrh; ;qod dks tks nh{kk nsus bl dkjkx`g ds Hkhrj ix j[kuk iM+k] mlh dkjkx`g ds ckgj

vkt nl o”kksaZ ckn ix j[krs le; Hkh mlh Hkkjrh; ;qod dks ogh nh{kk nsrs gq, dgk&

450

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


^^,d nso ,d ns’k ,d vk’kkA

,d tkfr ,d tho ,d Hkk”kkAA**

gesa rFkk gekjs ca/kq dks }kj ds ikl [kM+k fd;k x;kA cafniky us gesa mu flikfg;ksa ds igjs esa lqiqnZ fd;k tks geas fganqLFkku ds tkus ds

fy, vk, FksA ^csfM+;ksa dh vko’;drk ugha*&bl rjg ml mnkjpfjr canhiky ds dgus ls gesa oSls gh vkxs c<+k;k x;k vkSj vkf[kj

gekjs fy, vaneku ds ml Hk;adj canhx`g dk }kj [kqy x;kA

lu~ 1909 eas og }kj ,d ckj blh rjg [kqyk vkSj gekjs HkkbZ lkgc dks Hkhrj ysdj can gks x;kA lu~ 1911 esa og fodjky tcM+k

iqu% [kqyk vkSj gesa xVddj can gks x;kA rc fdlh dks Hkh ;g fuf’pr ugha Fkk fd ge iqu% blls thfor ckgj fudy ldsaxsA dkjkx`g

dk og njoktk] tks lu~ 1911 eas can gks x;k Fkk] vkt lu~ 1912 esa iqu% pjejk;kA mldk og eq[k iqu% [kqy x;k¹89 vkSj ge nksuksa

ca/kq thfor :i esa mlesa ls ckgj fudy vk,A

ml }kj dh yksgs dh nsgjh ikj djrs gh gesa Li”V vllkl gqvk fd ge thfor :Ik esa vaneku ls cjh gks jgs gSaA eSaus ckck ls dgk]

^^ckck] ;g bruh lh nsgjh thou&ej.k dh lhek&js[kk gSA ej.k dh lhek ls thou dh lhek es a geus bldk mYya?ku fd;kA ckfy’r

Hkj dh bl nsgjh dks ikj djds geus iqu% ,d ckj thou dh lhek esa ix j[kk gSA vc nsf[k, vkxs&vkxs gksrk gS D;k\**

ikcanh rksM=dj canh us igukbZ paik dh ekyk

gesa fonk djus ds fy, vk, vkSj nwj jgusokys mu yksxksa dh] ftUgksaus gesa dkjkxkj esa ugha ns[kk Fkk] ckgj HkhM+ yxus dh laHkkouk FkhA

vf/kdkjh blds fo:} Fks] blfy, dM+k cankscLr j[kk tkuk LokHkkfod FkkA cafn;ksa dks txg&txg vius&vius dkeksa esa my>kdj j[kk

x;k FkkA flikfg;ksa ds igjs esa ge lkxj dh vksj vHkh pys gh Fks fd brus esa ,d canh vf/kdkjh] tks teknkjh ds dk;Z ij Fkk vkSj

vHkh pys gh Fks fd brus esa ,d canh vf/kdkjh] tks teknkjh ds igjs ds dk;Z ij Fkk vkSj ftls FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa ^fVdV* ij eqfDr dk

vf/kdkj feyus dh laHkkouk Fkh&vpkud vkxs c<+k vkSj flikfg;ksa dh fpark u dj lHkh cafn;ksa dh vksj ls paik ds Qwyksa dh ,d

egdrh ekyk gekjs xys esa Mky nhA igjs ds flikgh ‘kksj epk gh jgs Fks fd og gekjs pj.kksa ij viuk eLrd j[kdj t;&t;dkj

djrk pyk Hkh x;kA bl izdkj fu;e fo:} d`R;; ls mldh teknkjh Nhuj tk ldrh Fkh vkSj mls naM Hkh fey

89

4 tqykbZ] 1911 dks ohj lkojdj dks vaneku ds dkjkxkj ds Bwalk x;k FkkA 2 ebZ] 1921 dks lkojdj ca/kqvksa dks Hkkjr ykus ds

fy, egkjktk ukSdk ij lokj fd;k x;kA

451

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ldrk Fkk] ijarq mlus mldh fpark ugha dhA

rRdkyhu n`’; vkt Hkh gekjh vka[kksa ds lkeus Li”V fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS&,d vksj og teknkj canh] tks J}k ls lHkh cafn;ksa dh vksj ls

lkekU; lh paik dh og ekyk xys esa iguk jgk gS vkSj nwljh vksj ml lkjs xM+cM+>kys ls Hk;Hkhr flikfg;ksa dk vf/kdjh gekjh

[khapkrkuh djrs gq, gkFk esa gFkdfM+;ka Mkyus dk iz;kl dj jgk gSA tuekul esa ;FkklaHko gekjh Le`fr Hkh ‘ks”k u jgs] gekjs Nk;fp=]

iqLrdsa] gekjh Le`fr;ka ?kj esa rFkk lekt esa tru ls j[kus dk lkgl yksx u djsa] blds fy, bl rjg ds d`R;ksa dks ftl ljdkj us

chl o”kksZa ls fujarj vijk/k tSlk naMuh; ?kksf”kr dj j[kk Fkk] ml ljdkj dk og [khapkrkuh dj gFkdM+h igukus dk iz;kl djrk

ljdkkjh vf/kdkjh] ,d izrhd ek= Fkk vkSj og canh vf/kdkjh] ftlus gekjs xys esa paik ds Qwyksa dh ekyk igukbZ Fkh] gekjs mu

ns’kcka/koksa dk] tks gekjh Le`fr;ksa dk HkfDriwoZd lap; dj jgs gSa] vkthou izkIr isze ixs vknj dk nwljk izrhd FkkA ftu nks ‘kfDr;ksa

ds ijLij fo:} vk?kkr&izR;k?kkrksa ls Hkjk ;g gekjk thou] tks vkjaHk ls gh ,d lejHkwfe cu x;k gS] mldk ;g n`’; ,d yk{kf.kd

js[kkfp= gh FkkA ckck dks ;g fopkj lquk, fcuk gels jgk ugha x;kA

,slk izrhr gqvk ekuks gekjs Je dk ifjgkj gks x;kA paik ds oU;&iq”iksa dh og ekyk gesa jRuekyk ls Hkh vf/kd fiz; izrhr gks jgh

FkhA mlds xys esa iM+rs gh mBk lqnwj rkfy;ksa dk nck&nck lk ?kks”k bl ckr dk |ksrd Fkk fd mlesa fdruh Lusfgy d`rKrk xqaFkh gqbZ

gSA paid iq”iksa dh og lk/kkj.k lh ekyk tuekul esa esjs fy, vizhfr ,oa Hk; iSnk djus ds ljdkjh iz;klksa dk ,d v[kaMuh; mŸkj

FkkA

ukSdk;ku ij lokj djkus ls iwoZ FkksM+k le; gesa ogka ds dqN izeq[k lgdkfj;ksa ls pqipki ckr djus dk volj fey x;kA muds }kjk

geus lHkh cafn;ksa dks ;g lans’k&Hkstk&^vaneku esa gh jgks] [ksrh&ckM+h djks] vkil esa fookg djds larku o`f} djks vkSj bl mifuos’k esa

fganw laLd`fr ds gks jgs Qsyko esa lrr o`f} djksA* muds fy, vU; dk;ZØeksa dh ;kstuk Hkh rS;kj djds nhA ftl p<+kbZ ls nl o”kZ iwoZ

dkjkxkj esa tkrs le; eu esa vk;k Fkk fd ml p<+kbZ ls mrjus dk izlax] vFkkZr~ fQj ykSVus dk izlax D;k dHkh vk ldrk gS] mlh

p<+kbZ dks <yku cukdj vkt ge iqu% fganqLFkku ykSV jgs gSaA

brus esa ^egkjktk* tgkt vk x;kA tgkt dydŸkk tk,xkA ge Åij p<+ x,A isV esa u tkus dSlk gksus yxkA ;g Li”V fn[kkbZ ns jgk

Fkk fd vaneku esa izkIr FkksM+h&cgqr Lora=rk dks Hkh Nhudj gesa naM ds igys gh fnu tSlh dBksjrk esa iqu% <dsyk tk jgk gSA tgkt

ij lokj gksrs gh gesa ,dne rygVh esa fLFkr fiatjs esa

452

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


j[kk x;k] tks cafn;ksa ds fy, cuk;k x;k FkkA nl o”kZ iwoZ blh fiatjs esa eq>s Bwalk x;k FkkA mldh Le`fr ek= ls jksaxVs [kM+s gks x,A

ml ij ckck risfnd ls ttZj vkSj [kkalh ls xzLr FksA ckck ds lkFk fiatjs ds ikl vkdj ns[kk rks lkeus ,d vkSj ladV eqag ck,

[kM+k FkkA

ikxyksa ds fiatjs esa

ftl fiatjs esa ge vR;ar f?kpfip esa can fd, x, Fks] og iwjk dk iwjk ikxyksa ls Hkjk gqvk FkkA vaneku ls ftu ikxyksa dks fganqLFkku esa

okil Hkstuk Fkk] os lc blh ty;ku ls Hksts tk jgs FksA ml fiatjs esa mu ikxyksa ds lkFk gesa Hkh can fd;k x;kA os xkyh&xykSt dj

jgs Fks] vuki&’kuki cd jgs FksA dksbZ jks jgk Fkk] dksbZ viuk gh xyk ?kksaVus dk iz;kl dj jgk FkkA bl ikxyiu ls fuLrkj ik;k g qvk

,d canh muij izeq[k vf/kdkjh fu;qDr fd;k x;k FkkA og ,d&,d dks idM+&idM+dj ekj jgk FkkA rfud fgyus&Mqyus ds fy, Hkh

txg ugha fey jgh FkhA mlh esa Toj ls ihfM+r rFkk nqcZy cus vius T;s”B ca/kq ds lkFk eq>s Bwalk x;kA

os ikxy tks ns[k jgs Fks] tks cksy jgs Fks] og mUgsa rkRdkfyd lR; gh izrhr gks jgk FkkA fdlh dks pwgs dk vkHkkl gksrk vkSj og

tksj&tksj ls fpYykrk] ^esjh Nkrh ij pwgs lokj gks jgs gSaA* fdlh dks ;g vkHkkl gks jgk Fkk fd lHkh mls xkfy;ka ns jgs gSa] og jkr

esa mBdj vpkud vius iM+kslh dh Nkrh ij lokj gksdj mls eqDds ekjus yxrkA myfV;ka vkSj lksus ds LFkku ij gh nLr vkSj mlh

esa ;s yksV jgs gSa& muesa tkdj ge cSB x,A iy Hkj ds fy, lkspk] Hkyk dkSu gS ikxy\ gekjh bafnz;ksa dks tks vkHkkl gks jgk gS] og

Hkh fdl vk/kkj ij lR; gS] gks ldrk gS] mudh bafnz;ksa dks tks vkHkkl gks jgk gS] og Hkh fdl vk/kkj ij lR; gS\ gks ldrk gS]

mudh bafnz;ksa dks gks jgs vkHkkl lR; gksa vkSj dksbZ&u&dksbZ bafnz; gh bl ckr dk fu.kZ; djsxh] u fd fdldh bafnz;ka lko/kku gSa\ ;fn

lko/kku gksrh rks mUgha ds leku lHkh dks pwgs fn[kkbZ nsrsA Hkyk ge gh lPps D;ksa\ dnkfpr~ os gh lPps gSa vkSj gessa gh ikxyiu dk

vkHkkl gks jgk gS fd ge bl nLr esa] myfV;ksa dh xanxh esa cSBs gSaA

lpeqp gh dystk /kd&/kd djus yxkA ml ?kqi va/ksjs esa] tgkt dh ?kjZ&?kjZ esa] ml nLr] oeu esa] ml lkjs f?kukSus gYys&xqYys esa tgka

lkal ysuk Hkh nwHkj gks x;k Fkk] th m[kM+k&m[kM+k lk FkkA ckj&ckj yxrk] ge ;g n’kZu&fopkj dj jgs gSa ;k ikxyiu dk igyk nkSjk

ge ij lokj gks x;k gS] tks bafnz;&xkspj oLrqvksa ls lacaf/kr Hkze mRiUu dj jgk gSA

Kkurarq&nl&ckjg o”kksZa ds ruko ls {kh.k gq, Kkurarq&tSls ml le; {kh.k izrhr gq, oSls dHkh cgqr de izrhr gq, FksA

453

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


bl fiatjs ls] de&ls&de mu ikxyksa ls FkksM+k vyx j[kus ds fy, geus vkosnu vkSj izfrokn fd;kA ml ty;ku ij gh dqN Hkkjrh;

a a a afganqLFkku okil ykSV jgs Fks] muds rFkk izeq[k a a Ikz;klksa dk vk/kkj izkIr gqvk vkSj vkf[kj gesa ml fiatjs ds lkeus vk/ks fgLls esa]

ijarq mu ikxyksa ls FkksM+k vyx j[kk x;kA

ijarq gok ugha fey jgh FkhA risfnd ds vU; jksxh] pksj] Mkdw vkfn nafMrksa dks Hkh mlh ty;ku ls fganqLFkku Hkstk tk jgk FkkA ijarq

mUgsa ml mPpre ^Msd* ij j[kk x;k FkkA rkfd os [kqyh gok dk lsou dj ldsaA ijarq ckck dks\ ml fuEurj ry ij fiatjs esa] tgka

gok dk ukeksfu’kku rd ugha FkkA os risfnd ds jksxh] ‘kjhj esa Toj! eq>s Hkh fuR; ^czkadkbfVl* ds ‘oklkojks/k dh O;Fkk us tdM+ fy;k

FkkA

rc gok ds fy,&de&ls&de lkal ysus ds fy, ok;q feys&blfy, vkosnu djuk iM+kA nwljs fnu ls Åij ls vkStkjksa dh ,d cM+h gok

NksM+h tkrhA ckn esa vk/kk ?kaVk Msd ij ,d txg igjs esa cSBus dh vuqefr fey xbZA

ty;ku ds ;k=h rFkk vf/kdkjh pksjh&fNis uhps ml ry ds fudV vkdj feyrsA muesa tks Hkkjrh; yksx Fks] os Hkh vknj djrsA ,d

f’kf{kr ,asXyksa&bafM;u x`gLFk us gekjh fe=rk ds fy, ckj&ckj vfHkeku dk izn’kZu djds gesa ^FkkWel ,dsefil* tks gekjk fiz; xa zFk Fkk]

dh ,d lqanj izfr ;knxkj ds :i esa HksaV dhA ;s ykssx fNikdj mŸke Hkkstu Hkh Hkstrs rFkkfi lksMk okVj] cQZ] feBkbZ vkfn migkj ge

ckj&ckj okil ykSVkrsA dbZ yksx cyiwoZd iSls nsus dk iz;kl djrsA ^ge m/kj tkrs gh dkjkxkj esa can gksaxs] vr% ;g ugha pkfg,*

dgrs gq, ge os migkj lkHkkj okil ykSVrs] feBkbZ feyus ij ge vius mu iM+kslh ikxy d”VHkksfx;ksa esa ck aV nsrsA

jkr ds le; ckck viuk bfro`Ÿk dFku djrsA cSfjLVj dh ijh{kk nsus lu~ 1906 esa tc eSa foyk;r x;k] rc os ckck vkSj esjh

vkjke ls rks D;k] ‘kkar Lora=rk esa pkj ckrsa ,dkar eas gks lds&,slh HksaV vkt pkSng o”kksZa ckn gqbZ FkhA rd esjs ihNs ^vfHkuo Hkkjr*

dk vkanksyu fdl izdkj c<+rk x;k] dkSu&dkSu a a ackck dSls idM+s x,] dkjkx`g esa iwNrkN djsu ds fy, muij dgka vkSj fdrus

vekuqf”kd vR;kpkj fd, x,] fQj Hkh ,d Hkh ‘kCn fdl rjg muds eqag ls ugha fudyk&var esa os fdl rjg ewfPNZr gks x, a a vkfn

jksekapdkjh o`Ÿk mUgksaus lquk, vkSj eSaus lqusA

vaneku fLFkr gekjs fiz; fe=ksa dh] tks ihNs NwV x, Fks] Le`fr chp esa gh cspSu djrh vkSj th pkgrk&,sls gh vaneku okil tk,a vk Sj

muls feysaA

454

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


pkSFks ;k ikaposa fnu tc gesa vk/kk ?kaVk Msd ij mUeqDr ok;q esa ys tk;k x;k rc lkeus fdukjk fn[kkbZ nsus yxkA eq>s iM+kslh us

crk;k&ns[kks] fganqLFkku dk fdukjk fn[k jgk gSA eSa pkSadkA fganqLFkku dk rV! ftl fiz; ekr`Hkwfe dh dsoy Le`fr ls izLQwrZ gksdj vkt

rd ;s vuar ;kruk,a >syha] mldh og lk{kkr~ ewfrZA mu pj.kksa dk iqunZ’kZu&blh tUe esaA eSaus eqM+dj ckck ls dgk] ^^ckck] og ns[kks

Hkkjr! Og ns[kks mldk uhy lkxj&ty /kkSr pj.k ry!**

ge nksuksa Hkh HkfDrHkko ls jksekafpr gks mBs vkSj ml ekr`Hkwfe ds ikou pj.kksa ds lkeus gekjs eqag ls ;s mn~xkj QwVs] ^^Lokra™; y{eh

dh t;! oans ekrje~!**

455

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&12

nqfnZuksa dh iqujko`fr

vaneku ds tgkt ls mrjdj dydŸkk esa ikao j[krs gh gesa vyhiqj ds dkjkx`g esa igaqpkdj ,d dksBjh esa Bwal fn;k x;kA ml fnu

izkr%dky vaneku ls fudyrs le; tks Hk; yx jgk Fkk og lR; fl} gqvk] D;ksafd ckck dks eq>ls vyx fd;k x;kA ge nksuksa

vius&vius VkV ds fcNkSus cxy esa nckdj gkFk esa ^Fkkyh ikVs* fy;s] pksjksa tSls] lkFk ds flikfg;ksa ds us= ladsrkuqlkj py jgs FksA

brus esa flikgh us ckck dks ,d vR;ar ladjs xfy;kjs dh vksj eqM+us ds fy, dgk vkSj geas lkFk ysrs gq, og vU;= pyus yxkA esjs

ckck fcNqM+ x,A¹90

mudh og jkt;{ek ls Hkjiqj [kkalh eq>s rc rd lqukbZ nsrh jgh Fkh tc rd os Hkkjh fcNkSuk tSls&rSls cxy esa nck,] dkys dacy dk

dksV igus djkgrs&[kkalrs nwj ugha fudy x,A eu esa lkspk] vc budk D;k gksxk\ ml ladjs xfy;kjs ls os eq>s NksM+dj ugha vfirq

,slk yxk fd dnkfpr~ eq>s NksM+dj e`R;q ds xfy;kjs dh vksj eqM+ jgs gSaA dnkfpr~ mudkk ;g vafre n’kZu gksA

eSaus iqu% ,d ckj ihNs eqM+dj ns[kk vkSj eu esa vkØks’k fy, Åij ls eSa pqipki vkxs c<+k vkSj ,d bekjr dh a a atks esjs fy, futZu

dh xbZ Fkh] ,d dksBjh esa eq>s can dj fn;k x;kA eu Hk;kud cspSuh Qsy xbZA

eq> ij igjk nsusokys flikfg;ksa ds lkFk ,d okWMZj Hkh vkrk FkkA og pkSng o”kZ dkysikuh dk naM gksus ds ckn Hkh rhu&,d o”kksa Z esa gh

okWMZj gksdj lkis{kr% fdruh LoPNankrkiwoZd ?kwe jgk Fkk vkSj djhc pkSng o”kZ yxHkx dksBjh esa can jgus ds ckotwn eq> ij dM+s igjs

rFkk dkjkxkjh; vR;kpkj] ;a=ukvksa dk vkoj.k jŸkh

90

ckckjko dks ogka ls chtkiqj] mlds Ik’pkr~ lkcjerh ds canhx`g esa j[kk x;kA flracj 1922 esa ogka ls os cjh fd, x,A 16 ekpZ] 1945 dks lkaxyh esa mudk nsgkar gks x;kA ^Økafrohj ckckjko lkojdj* pfj= xzaFk izdkf’kr gSA

456

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


Hkj Hkh f’kfFky ugha gqvk vkSj eq>s vf/kd gh nckspk tk jgk FkkA

th cgykus ds fy, eSa yksgs dh lyk[kksa dks idM+dj [kM+k FkkA lka> le; jktuhfr ls lacaf/kr ew[kZrk fdruh QSy xbZ Fkh] bldk

vkaf’kd vuqHko mlds laHkk”k.k dh ,d ckr ls gqvkA dydŸkk rFkk vU; jktuhfrd vkanksyuksa ls lacaf/kr viuh vK Hkkouk,a O;Dr

djrs&djrs mlus dgk] ^^vc ,d&nks eghuksa esa LojkT; izkIr gksxk] D;ksafd xka/kh uked dksbZ egkcyh ;ksx lk/kuk ls yM+us yxk gSA

vaxs ztksa dh mlds vkxs ,d ugha pyrh] D;ksafd xksyh mls yxrh ugha vkSj dkjkx`g esa Bwalus ij og tknw ls dksBjh ls vn`’; gks tkrk

gS vkSj iqu’p ckgj ik;k tkrk gSA gka] dbZ ckj ;g peRdkj gqvk gSA**

egkRekth dks dbZ ckj NqViqV naM gqvk Fkk vkSj can gksuk iM+k FkkA naM dk le; iwjk gksrs gh dbZ ckj mUgsa eqDr fd;k x;kA bl

lekpkj dk mlds efLr”d esa vkSj mlds tSls ‘krkf/kd vK yksxksa ds efLr”d esa fod`r izfrfcac cukA eSaus galrs gq, dgk] ^^;g ,d

rjg ls lgh gS fd eu esa vkrs gh os canh’kkyk ds ckgj [kM+s fn[kkbZ nsrs gSA ijarq blesa Lej.k dsoy bruk j[kuk gS fd os mlh fnu

dksBjh ls vn`’; gksdj ckgj [kMs+ jguk pkgrs gSa] ftl fnu os ljdkjh naM ls Lora= gksusokys gksrs gSa( vkSj ;ksxcy ls LojkT;&izkfIr

ds fo”k; esa iwNsaxs rks a a a**

iM+ksl dh dksBjh esa ckn esa ,d phuh ;qod yk;k x;k] ftls dksdhu cspus ij naM gks x;k FkkA nks fnuksa ds Ik’pkr~ cjh gksuk gS]

blfy, og ukprk] dwnrk] xkrk jgrk gS] cgqr /kekpkSdM+h epkrk gSA ;g lqudj fd nks fnuksa esa eqDr gksuk gS& ukpus&xkus dk lkSHkkX;

gesa a a a uk uk] ;g vk’kk gh ugha djuh pkfg,A

og phuh ;qod lu;krlsu dk uke tkurk FkkA laHkk”k.k ds nkSjku ;g Hkh mtkxj gks x;k fd og gekjs uke ls lqifjfpr gSA ;g Kkr

gksus ij fd eSa ogh gwa] mls fo’okl ugha gks jgk Fkka ftls eSa bruk egku~ iq:”k ekurk Fkk] og Hkyk bl ckfy’r Hkj dh dksBjh es a dSls

lek x;k! egku~ iq:”kksa ls lacaf/kr tks ,d fojkV~ /kkj.kk mlds tSls yksxksa dh gksrh gS] mls ml egkiq:”k ds izR;{k n’kZu ls tks lk/kkj.k

euq”; ds leku gh fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] blh rjg dk /kDdk yxrk gSA mlus eq>ls iwNk] ^^D;k vkidks xksyh yxrh gS\** eSaus dgk] ^^gka]

yxuh rks pkfg,A** rc og cspkjk cgqr fujk’k gks x;kA

,d flikgh us iwNk] ^^vki fdrus fnu vkSj jkr leqnz esa rSjrs jgs Fks\** vFkkZr~ eklsZfyl esa\ geus dgk] ^^dSls fnu&jkr! Ckl] nl

feuV Hkh ugha rSjk fd fdukjk vk x;kA** ;g vizR;kf’kr mŸkj lqurs gh mlds vdqyfiz; vknj us y{k.kh;

457

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


>Vdk [kk;kA ;fn ge Mhax gkadrs gq, vlR; dgrs rks Hkh ,d ckj {kE; le>k tkrk vkSj og bruk tksjnkj >Vdk ugha [kkrkA dqN

nsj ds fy, og rerek lk x;kA eklsZfyl ls lacaf/kr okLrfod tkudkjh nsus dh vknr ls bl izdkj ds fdrus gh Hkksys&Hkkys fe=ksa ds

vknj ls gesa oafpr gksuk iM+kA

Lkekpkj dh Hkkokatfy

dydŸkk ls vkB fnuksa esa gekjh jokuxh gks xbZ&izFke ;g ugha irk pyk fd fdl dkjkxkj esaA jsy esa Qy vkSj lekpkj&i= izR;sd

LVs’ku ij yksx nsrs tkrsA yksxksa ds >qaM&ds&>qaM tek gksdj rkd&>kad djus dk iz;kl djrsA blls gesa fo’okl gks x;k fd ge dydŸkk

ls fudy pqds gSa&;g lekpkj fdlh us rRdky rkj }kjk vkxs Hkstk gksxkA ukxiqj ls vkxs ;k dgha ij vkrs gh blls lacaf/kr lwpuk fd

gesa vaneku ls okil fganqLFkku yk;k x;k gS& vkuan&izn’kZd cM+s&cMs+ v{kjksa esa Nis ‘kh”kZdksa vkSj ys[kksa ls Hkjs lekpkj&i= fn[kkbZ fn,A

gekjh ihNs dh lhV ij ,d lTtu blh rjg ,d i= [kksydj bl rjg i<+rs jgs fd ge Hkh mls ns[k ldsaA ejkBh Hkk”kk&gekjs lkFk

vk jgs ,saXyksa&bafM;u vf/kdkjh ds dqN iYys ugha iM+ jgh FkhA mu i=ksa ls ;g fn[kkbZ fn;k fd lk/kkj.k /kkj.kk ds vuqlkj gesa ,d

lIrkg eesa cjh fd;k tk,xkA ijarq okLrfod ekeyk gesa Kkr FkkA og lTtu ek= lgkuqHkwfr ds fy, ml Vsªu ls ;k=k dj jgs Fks vkSj

ml vf/kdkjh ls cpdj ;FkklaHko lgk;rk dj jgs FksA og tksj&tksj ls lekpkj i<+rk vkSj ge lqursA

ckjg o”kZ ckn ukfld vk;k

gekjs mu igjsnkj vf/kdkfj;ksa us gesa tjk Hkh d”V u nsrs gq, gels mfpr O;ogkj fd;k vkSj ge cacbZ igqap x,A jkg esa ukfld

LVs’ku ij Hkjh jkr xkM+h vkrs gh ukfld] ukfld] ukfld* dh /ofu mHkjhA ijarq gekjh cksxh dh f[kM+fd;ka igys ls gh can djds ml

,saXyksa&bafM;u vf/kdkjh us eq>ls chp esa cSBus ds fy, dgk FkkA fudVorhZ fMCcs ds lkeus dqN yksx vkdj cSB x,A ijarq ml ukfld

ls gekjh Vsªu NqVs vkt ckjg o”kZ chr pqds FksA ,d ubZ ih<+h iui jgh FkhA yach lk/kuk ds Ik’pkr~ ml LVs’ku ij bl thou dh xkM+h

ykSVdj vkbZA ogka vc dkSu igpku dk gksxkA ijarq fQj Hkh ^ukfld] ukfld* dh /ofu lqudj fpŸk esa dSlh&dSlh rjaxsa fgyksjsa ysus

yxh Fkh! ml LVs’ku ij laiUu gq, vusd iku&lqikjh lekjksg] dkWyst ;k=k ds os fpcM+s] rjcwtsA foyk;r tkrs le; vkl&ikl f?kjs

gq, fe=eaMy ds vJqflDr eq[keaMy&Lora=rk y{eh ds os t;?kks”k&gFkdfM+;ksa rFkk Qkalh esa cnys muds

458

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fp=! blh rjg ds fp=] pyfp= eu%iVy ij vU;euLd Rojk ls lrr vkrs jgsA

b/kj&m/kj u ns[kus nsrs gq, cacbZ ls ty;ku ij lokj djk;k x;kA ;k=k lekIr gksrs gh var esa jkr ds nl&ckjg cts ,d dkjkxkj esa

ys tkdj gesa can fd;k x;kA og dkjkx`g jRukfxjh dh canh’kkyk FkhA vc blds vkxs gekjs dkjkokl dh tkudkjh ;FkkØe ,oa

;Fkkizek.k foLrkjiwoZd nsuk ifjfLFkfro’k vlaHko gSA izeq[k dkj.k ;g f dog blh {ks= ds dkjkx`g ls lacaf/kr gS rFk loZFkk orZeku

dkyhu gSA rnuq”kafxd vU; dkj.k izdV gh gSaA vr% orZeku fLFkfr esa ;FkklaHko la{ksi esa :ijs[kk nsrs gq, gh ;g o`Ÿkkar lekIr djrs

gSaA

jRukfxjh dkjkxkj

jRukfxjh ds dkjkxkj esa izFke nks&rhu lIrkg vR;ar nqLlg izrhr gq,A vaneku esa gesa Hkkstu ds le; nw/k vkSj lqiDo vUu feyus

yxus ls gekjh ikpu’kfDr ogka rfud lq/kj xbZ Fkh fd ge vHkh ,d tkuysok chekjh ls mBs Hkh ugha Fks fd jRukfxjh esa vkrs gh nw/k

ds os pkj ?kwaV Hkh can gks x, vkSj iqu% dkjkx`g dh mu eksVh&eksVh jksfV;ksa ls ikyk iM+ x;kA vaneku esa nks&pkj o”kZ bl fu%lŸo

Hkkstu ds dkj.k ge fdl rjg ejk.kklUu gks x, Fks vkSj ogka ds Js”B&ls&Js”B oS|dh; vf/kdkfj;ksa us gesa nw/k rFkk fo’ks”k Hkkstu nsus

dh O;oLFkk fdl rjg djkbZ Fkh] ;g lkjh jkedgkuh ;gka lqukbZ] ijarq lc O;FkZ( ;gka gesa loZFkk ,drjQk] ,d o”kZ naM Hkqxrus ij

vaneku esa tks FkksM+h&cgqr lqfo/kk,a izkIr Fkh&iwjs ‘kjhj dks <kaius ;ksX; oL=] nsg&Je ls eqfDr] fy[kus dk dke] xazFk ys[kukFkZ

dkxt&isafly] nl tuksa esa mBus&cSBus dh Lor=ark] os lkjh lqfo/kk,a can dj nh xbZ vkSj iqu% naM yx x;k] vr% igys fnu feyk gqvk

ogh dqjrk] ogh ipkl o”khZ; canh dk ^lu~ 1960 esa eqfDr* fy[kk gqvk lhls dk fcYyk] ogh futZu ,dkar dksBjh&bruk lkjk ifjorZu

gks x;k tks vR;ar nqLlg FkkA ,slk izrhr gqvk fd lkjk naM iqu% ‘kq: ls Hkqxruk gSA

ckck dk dksbZ lekpkj ugha fey jgk FkkA vaneku fLFkr gekjs b”V fe=ksa dh Le`fr ls Hkh eu NViVkus yxkA lwr drkbZ dk dke fn;k

x;k] ijarq vH;kl u gksus ds dkj.k og iwjk ugha gks jgk FkkA iqLrd Hkh i<+us dks ugha fey jgh FkhA le; fcrkuk nwHkj gks x;kA

vkRe?kkr dk vafrd >Vdk

vk’p;Z gksxk] ijarq gj iy vf/kd nq”dj yxus yxkA ckjg o”kksZa ls ugha] tc

459

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


eSa foyk;r x;k rHkh ls v?kfVr] vlguh; ladVksa vkSj ;krukvksa dk ruko lgrs&lgrs {kh.k cus Kkurarq bl u, ruko ls dgha VwV rks

ugha tk,axs] ,slk yxus yxkA ,d fnu m}sx bruk c<+ x;k fd foosd Hkh tkrk jgkA vc vkSj fdrus fnu lguk gSA ugha pkfg, ;g

thou! vc vf/kd lM+rs jgus ls dqN ykHk ughaA eSa mB x;kA ml dksBjh esa Hkh Åij nhokj esa f[kM+dh Fkh] tSls vaneku esa FkhA

ogka rd gkFk dSls igqapsaxs vkSj vius thou dk rarq mldh lyk[kksa ls cka/kdj rkurs gq, mls dSls rksM+uk gS] ;g ;kstuk cukbZA eu esa

Hk;kud fo”k..krk dk xgjk va/ksjk QSy x;k] tks iy&iy vf/kdkfjd L;kg gksrk tk jgk FkkA

jRukfxjh ds dkjkx`g esa gh&eSa fy[k jgk gwaA ogka ls dqN gh nwj fLFkr jRukfxjh ds nwj dkjkx`g ls gh vius vktUe dkjkokl ds iwjs

pkSng o”kksZa esa tks nk s vR;kf/kd vlguh; nq%[k ds {k.k chrs] muesa ls ,d vkSj vafrd {k.k ml ?ku?kksj rel esa chrkA

iajrq rc fnu Fkk] vr% jkr dh izrh{kk djuh iM+hA brus esa eus dh fLFkjrk /khjs&/khjs iqu% izLFkkfir gksus yxh&^vaneku esa banqHk”k.k ls

ysdj izks- ijekuan rd tks vusd caxkyh] iatkch] fl[k vkfn ns’kHkDr ;krukvksa ls Åcdj vkRe?kkrkFkZ izo`Ÿk gks x,] vkSj ftl dkj.k

ls rqeus mUgsa ml d`R; ls ijko`Ÿk fd;k] mlh dkj.k ls rqe Hkh ijko`Ÿk gks tkvksA ejuk gh gS rks lkS ds fy, lkS :i, ysdjA*

jkf= esa iqu% ,d ckj thou dh bfrdrZO;rk dh :ijs[kk lqLi”V :i ls vkadus ds fy, ,dkxz gksdj cSB x;kA fuR; fu;ekuqlkj eu

lqIr le fu’py gksus rd fpŸko`fŸk dk fujks/k djrk gqvk pqipki cSBk jgkA fQj ‘kuS%&’kuS% thou dk f=dkykckf/kr /;s;] mlls

vuqizkIr gksusokyk dky&ns’k ik= ls e;kZfnr mi/;s;] mlds vuq”kax ls fuf’pr iz/kku drZO; vkSj rnuqdwy vifjgk;Z cuk rkRdkfyd

thou&Øe] bl lcdk foospu djds ns[kkA

vlguh; nq%[k lguk gh gksxk

ml vlã dks lguk gh ml voLFkk esa Js”Bre dk;Z FkkA mls laiUu djds vU; Hkh tks lk/; gks] og djrs jgukA

iqu% fu’p;A nwljs fnu ls blh rjg ds futZu ,dkar esa dfork dk og VwVk lw=] ftldh jpuk ihNs dqN dky iwoZ rd dj jgk

Fkk&iqu% gkFk esa ys fy;k vkSj ml dky ls tc eSa foyk;r esa idM+k x;k] jRukfxjh ds vkxeu rd vius dkjkokl dh dBksj dFkk dks

eu&gh&eu jpuk vkjaHk fd;kA eu&gh&eu lksprs gq, tSls dkxt ij fy[krs gSa&xazFk ds foHkkx] izdj.k rFkk izeq[k ?kVuk,a Øeokj

daBLFk dhA

460

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


mUgsa dSls O;Dr fd;k tk,] ;g lc&QqVdj] fNViqV ckrsa Hkh ;FkklaHko Lej.k djrs&djrs eu dks mldk ,d&,e iUuk i<+dj fn[kk;kA

vkxs izlax fl} djds D;k djrk\ vkl&ikl yky bZaVksa ds VqdM+ksa vkfn ls izeq[k fo”k;&oLrq dh fVIif.k;k a] tks eu dk le> esa vk,axh]

nhokjksa ij a aa [kksndj] jax p<+kdj j[khA nks&rhu eghuksa ls ;g dk;Z rsth ls py jgk FkkA

mUgha f’kykys[kksa ij fy[kh fVIif.k;ksa rFkk Le`fr&fp=ksa dk] orZeku izdkf’kr xazFk ^vktUe dkjkokl* ,d foLr`r dkxth laLdj.k g SA

mu nks&rhu eghuksa esa /khjs&/khjs esjh fLFkfr esa ifjorZu vkus yxkA Hkkstu esa lq/kkj vk x;kA chp esa dydŸkk ds ^dSfiVy* lekpkj&i=

us Nkik Fkk fd ,eMu ds teZu “kM~;a= ls esjh lkaB&xkaB Fkh] blfy, muij esjs ca/kq us vfHk;ksx yxk;k Fkk] mldh lwpuk izkIr gksr s gh

ml i= us {kek&;kpuk dhA¹91 bl dkaM esa dqN fnu O;rhr gks x,A ?k ls dqN migkj Hkh vkus yxsA

fla/k rFkk vU; izns’kksa ls vusd vlg;ksxh vkSj f[kykQrh fganw&eqlyeku jktcanh mlh dkjkxkj esa gekjs ihNs&ihNs vk x,A mudh

f[kykQr] fganw&eqlyeku ,drk dh] jktuhfr dh /kkj.kk,a] rkRdkfyd rFkk ml le; esjs fopkj dh rqyuk esa izfrdwy mins’k ls dyqf”kr

gksus ls muls Øe’k% izR;sd fo”k; ij lrr ppkZ] laokn djus dk dk;Z Hkh /kwe/kke ls vkjaHk djuk iM+kA FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa vaneku dh

i}fr ds vuqlkj lkIrkfgd xksf”B;ka rFkk O;k[;kuksa dk ;gka Hkh Jhx.ks’k gqvkA ge yxHkx o”kZ&Ms<+ o”kZ lkFk jgsA eSaus mUgsa izFke ns[kk]

rc ,d fe= rks Li”V :i esa fpYykrk Fkk] ^ekykckj esa eqlyekuksa us ;s vR;kpkj fd, gh ughaA* nwljs fe= mlls Hkh cqyan vkokt

mBkrs] ^;fn fd, Hkh gksa rks fpark ugha] fganw eqlyeku Hkh gks tk,a] ijarq LojkT; feyuk pkfg,A* vfgalk vkSj lR; dh O;k[;k dh

izfrdwyrk ds ckjs esa rks iwfN, gh ughaA ,d f’kf{kr jktcanh ca/kq dh fuEukafdr dFkk dgus ls ml le; eq>s feys vlg;ksx rFkk

f[kykQr ds ,d gh lkaps esa <ys esjs ns’kcka/koksa dh euksn’kk dh dYiuk dh tk ldrh gSA

jk”Vªh; lekpkj&izkfIr ds fy, ge jktcanh vaneku esa vusd ;qfDr;ksa&izR;qfDr;ksa dk voyacu djrs FksA rc dHkh dwM+s&djdV esa vFkok

ckgj dke ds fy, tk jgs cafn;ksa dh pkykdh ls lekpkj&i= dk VqdM+k gkFk yxrkA gekjs vlg;ksxoknh fe= ml VqdM+s dks gekjh

rjg gh gkFk esa ysdj i<+rsA nks&rhu ckj cgqr gh ykijokgh ds lkFk [kqys vkaxu esa og VqdM+k i<+rs ns[kdj nwljs jktcanh us mlls

dgk] ^^,slk er djuk] HkkbZ! vU;Fkk lekpkj&i= i<+us ij ikcanh gksus ds

91

28 ebZ] 1921

461

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


dkj.k ml lk/ku dh] ftlls ;g VqdM+k feyrk gS] ckr QSy tk,xh] rc fQj gesa lekpkj ugha feysaxsA** ijarq ml lTtu us rerekrs

gq, dgk] ^^vFkkZr~\ D;k eSa bls pksjh&fNis i<wa+\ eSa vlg;ksxh gwaA tks xqIr] og [kksVk&;g vkpj.k eSa dHkh ugha d:axkA** vf/kd fookn

u djrs gq, yksxksa us mUgsa bl rjg dk dksbZ VqdM+k nsuk gh can dj fn;kA rc yky&ihys gksdj mUgksaus /kedk;k] ^^ftl rjg cafn;ks a dh

Vksfy;ka pksjh&pksjh rackdw ys tkrh gSa] mlh rjg ,dk/k nwljk dkxt Hkh xqIr :i ls ykrs gSa] mudk uke eSa dy vf/kdkfj;ksa dks

crkÅaxk] D;ksafd lR; fNikuk ?kksj iki gSA**

eSa vlg;ksxh&lR; gekjk vkn’kZ ozr

yksxksa us dgk] ^^vth] tc vkidks ;g VqdM+k feyrk Fkk] rc Hkh vki tkurs Fks fd ;g xqIr :i ls fey jgk gSA rks fQj ml le;

mls vlR; le>dj R;kT; D;ksa ugha ekuk\ mlij ftldh xqIr lsok Lohdkj djrs gq, vkius viuh r`”.kk dk ‘keu fd;k] vc mlh

dk uke izdV djuk&jk”Vªh; canh le>dj vkidh lgk;rk djus ds ckotwn mldk uke nsuk fo’okl?kkr ugha gS\ ;fn ;g lR; gS rks

ujsanz xksLokeh¹92 Hkh vlg;ksxh gksus ds ukrs vkidks iwtuh; gh gksaxs\**

blls og O;fDr nc x;kA ijarq vkrs&tkrs ;gh ckr dgrk fQjrk esa ls dqN yksxksa us ,d pkHkh ?kqekbZA dkjkxkj esa ftl fnu pkoy

idrk] ml fnu ;s egk’k; jlksb, dks nqykj&iqpdkjdj pqppki mlls xsgwa dh jksVh ysdj [kkrsA mlh rjg pksjh&pksjh muds jksVh [kkus

yxrs gh ,d us >wB&ewB gh dgk] ^^vjs] ns[kks&ns[kks] Ik;Zos{kd vk jgk gSA** bruk lquus ek= ls bu egk’k; us >V ls ml jksVh dks

VkV ds uhps Nqik fn;k vkSj larHkko ls pkoy [kkuk izkjaHk fd;kA rc lHkh Bgkdk yxkus yxsA lc iwNus yxs] ^^bruk lquus ek= ls

bu egk’k; us >V ls ml jksVh dks VkV ds uhps Nqik fn;k vkSj larHkko ls pkoy [kkuk izkjaHk fd;kA rc lHkh Bgkdk yxkus yxsA lc

iwNus yxsA ^^vth] bl rjg jksVh fNikuk D;k Hkh:rk ugha gS\ pksjh&pksjh jksVh [kkuk D;k mfpr gS\** fQj fdlh vkSj us O;ax&ck.k

NksM+k]- ^^vFkkZr~ fcŸks Hkj isV ds fy, jksVh ds VqdM+ksa dh pksjh djuk dqN vlg;ksxh lR;oku gfj’panzksa dks fuf”k} ugha gSA vkSj vius

jk”Vª dh fLFkfr dk vuqeku yxkus ;k mldh lkoZtfud fgr&o`f} ls lekpkj&i= VqdM+k fNikdj i<+uk fuf”k} gSA ikih isV ds fy,

vlR; cksyuk Hkh:rk FkksM+s gh gS\ HkbZ] jk”Vª ds fy, vlR; opu Hkh:rk gSA**

;fn ;g ckr ,d gh O;fDr dh gksrh rks ge mls mtkxj ugha djrs] ijarq bl

92

ekf.kdrYyk vfHk;ksx esa {kek dk lk{khA

462

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdkj dh izo`fŸk rRdkyhu dbZ f[kykQrh vlg;ksfx;ksa esa ikbZ xbZA mlh euksjatd izlax ds ,d vFkZiw.kZ mnkgj.kLo:i ;g dgkuh dguh

iM+hA

ekykckj dh fLFkfr dk cks/k djkus ds fy, nks&rhu ,sfrgkfld Hkk”k.k fn,A gekjs mu fe=ksa d s laxBu ds fo:} tkus ij muds lkjs

dqrdksaZ dk inkZQk’k fd;kA jktuhfr dks ysdj rks lrr ppkZ,a pyrh gh jgrh FkhA

jRukfxjh ds canhx`g esa ‘kqf}

dqN le; ckn ogka Hkh cacbZ ls fla/kh vFkok iBkuh] eqlyeku canh Hksts tkus yxsA muds }kjk fganw ckydksa dks Hkz”V djus ds iz;kl

gekjh n`f”V esa vkus yxsA ogka ds vf/kdkjh bu ckrksa ls loZFkk vufHkK FksA ijarq eqlyekuh cafn;ksa ds bl fuR; ds rFkk lkoZf=d

miØe esa ge HkyhHkkafr ifjfpr FksA vr% geus gh bl ckr ij xkSj fd;k vkSj ogka Hkh] tSlk ge vaneku esa djrs Fks] ‘kqf}dj.k

fd;kA vko’;drkuqlkj mudks vkfFkZd lgk;rk ls ge igqapkrsA fookn c<+us yxkA Ik;Zos{kd rd ls rw&rM+kd gks xbZA jRukfxjh ds

dkjkxkj esa eqlyeku] fla/kh vkSj iBku mUeŸk gks x,A os vf/kdkfj;ksa rFkk ejkBh flikfg;ksa dk ukdksa ne djus yxsA ge ,d&nwljs ds

dV~Vj ‘k=q gks x,A mlesa Hkh dqN tks gekjs fudVrd iM+kslh gh Fks] os gesa ekjihV dh /kefd;ka nsus yxsA bl ihM+k dk ,d mnkgj.k

nssrk gwaA

,d fnu fg anqvksa dks dsoy rax djus ds mn~ns’; ls eqlyeku pksj] Mkdw vkfn nafMrksa us] ftUgksaus dHkh uekt Hkh ugah i<+h] rM+ds vkSj

vk/kh jkr dks Hkh mBdj ^ckax* nsuk vkjaHk fd;kA muds bl rjg gYyk&xqYyk djus ls lHkh dh uhan VwVus yxh vkSj cM+k d”V gksus

yxkA vf/kdkfj;ska us ?kqM+fd;ka nh rks ;s myVs pksj dksroky dks MkaV fiykus yxs] ^;g gekjk /keZ gSA* ofj”B vf/kdkfj;ksa us Hkh muds

lkeus gfFk;kj Mky fn,A rc geus viuh jkeck.k vkS”kf/k fudkyhA ,d&nks mLrkn fganw canh] tks xq:daVky Fks] mudh lgk;rk yhA

muesa ls ,d iksiys eaqg dk O;fDr Hkh Fkk] tks pksfj;ka djus ds dkj.k pkj&ikap ckj egknaM Hkqxrdj dkjkx`g dks gh viuk ?kj le>rk

Fkka bu yksxksa us eqag va/ksjs mBdj tksj&tksj ls ^jkeuke* dk tki vkajHk fd;kA ^eqlyeku* ds ckax nsus ds fy, fpYykuk ‘kq: djr s gh

bu fganqvksa us ugys is ngyk ekjrs gq, muls Hkh vf/kd Åaps Loj esa xyk&QkM+dj rqylhnkl ds nksgs rFkk jke&jke dk mPpkj.k djuk

‘kq: fd;kA flikgh ds fganqvksa dks MkaVrs gh ge chp esa iM+rs vkSj dgrs] ^;g D;k\ ;k rks lHkh dks tksj&tksj ls izkFkZuk djus ls euk

djks] vU;Fkk eqlyekuksa dh rjg bUgsa Hkh eu&iwr izkFkZuk djus nksA jkr esa eqlyekuksa dks

463

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


uekt i<+rs ns[krs rks fganw HkDr Hkh Hktu djus yxrsA eqlyeku vkx&ccwyk gks tkrs] ij foo’k FksA os fganqvksa dh uhan [kjkc djr s]

mlh rjg fganw Hkh djus yxsA bl rjg nksuksa dh /kwrZrkiw.kZ ijLij dkV esa ‘ks”k ‘kwU; jgk vkSj vf/kdkfj;ksa dk dBksj vuq’kklu Hkh tgka

eqlyekuksa dh xqaMkxnhZ can ugha dj ldk Fkk] ogha tksM+ dks rksM+ fganw xqaMkxanhZ ls og vius vki can gks x;kA blh vkS”kf/k l s f[kykQrh

lekpkj laiknd eqlyeku dh ^lekurk* dk Hkze Hkh dkQh gn rd mrkj fn;kA og ;g dgrs gq, ^fganw gh D;ksa Nq,a\ eqlyeku D;k

bUlku ugha\* cyiwoZd fganqvksa ds fy, vyx j[ks ty dks Nw ysrkA eSaus mldh ;qfDr dk laiw.kZ leFkZu djrs gq, ogha ij [kM+s ,d fganw

esgrj ls mlh ikuh ds ihis ls ‘kq}rkiwoZd Lo;a ikuh ysus ds fy, dgkA ,slk gksrs gh og ^lHkh euq”;ksa dks leku* ekuusokyk f[kykQrh

eqlyeku ml esgrj ¼vNwr½ dks MkaVus yxk vkSj ml ty dks uekt ds fy, v’kq} gksus dk nkok djrs gq, vLohdkj djus yxkA bl

rjg nks&rhu ckj mldh lekurk dh iksy [kqyus ls eqlyekuksa us ,d fganw ls pqipki ikuh ysuk vkjaHk fd;k vkSj fQj mUgksaus ty dks

dHkh ugha NqvkA

jRukfxfj dkjkx`g esa naxk

bl chp ml mn~naM iBku vkSj dkjkx`g ds ,d eqjCch] yqPps&yQaxs fla/kh eqlyeku ls vf/kdkfj;ksa ds gh dkuwu ds vuq’kklu dks ysdj

>M+i gks xbZ vkSj ekeyk lhek ls vkxs c<+ x;kA rc vafrd ifjfpr mik;Lo:I mu xqaMksa us naxk djus dk fu’p; fd;kA fganw okWMZj]

fganw flikgh] fganw la?kVd jktcanh&bu lHkh dks cqjh rjg ihVus dk “kM~;a= jpk x;kA var esa ,d fnu Hkkstu ls fuiVrs gh vpkud os

eqlyeku xqaMs okWMZjksa dks psrkouh ns jgs FksA vr% ml vizR;kf’kr vkØe.k dk fganqvksa us Hkh MVdj lkeuk fd;kA dbZ fganw ygwyqgku gks

x,A dbZ eqlyeku xaqMksa dh :bZ dh rjg /kqukbZ dh xbZA os gks&gYyk djrs] ph[krs&fpYykrs vkSj ekjihV djrs ge ij vkØe.k djus

canhx`g ds varfoZHkkx eas ?kqlus dk iz;kl dj jgs FksA ge Hkh rS;kj ,oa lko/kkuh ds lkFk dksBjh ds ckgj fudydj fganqvksa dks

vkRej{kkFkZ yM+us ds fy, izksRlkfgr dj jgs FksA brus esa Hk;&lwpd ?kaVk ?ku?kukus yxkA ft/kj ns[kks m/kj ekjks] ihVks! gfFk;kjcan iqfyl

ds lkFk Ik;Zos{kd Hkh vk /kedsA vf/kdrj ygw ls yFkiFk gks x, FksA vfHk;ksx pysA xqaMksa dks naM feykA ftu fganw okWMZjksa us viuh rFkk

vU; fganqvksa dh j{kk dh Fkh rFkk dkuwu ds i{k dk leFkZu fd;k Fkk] mUgsa izek.k&i= iznku fd, x,A

464

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


bl iwjs dkaM ls tks fganw ‘kqf}dj.k vkanksyu NsM+us ds dkj.k gesa ^/keZHkz”V* dgk djrs Fks] os Hkh ‘kqf}dj.k ds i{k esa gks x, vkSj FkksM+s

gh fnuksa esa tc ,d tUe ls eqlyeku dks ‘kq} fd;k rc eqlyeku dks ge ij vfHk;ksx yxkuk iM+kA lnk dh rjg lrdZ ppkZ

gksrs&gksrs var esa ;g fu.kZ; gqvk fd blls vkxs dkjkxkj esa fdlh ds Hkh /kekZarj.k ij jksd yxkbZ tk,A bl rjg fganqvksa dk /ke Z Hkz”V

djus dk O;olk; Bi gks x;kA ge ij vkØe.k djus dh ?kkr eas cSBs /kekZa/k eqlyekuksa ij ge var rd lko/kkuh ls n`f”V j[krs FksA

blls iwoZ ftu jktcafn;ksa us f[kykQr vkanksyu esa Lo;a iSls nsdj izpkj ds iz;kl fd, Fks] mudh Hkh vkanksyuksa vkSj ekeyksa ls vka[ksa

[kqy xbZ vkSj os fganw laxBu ds dV~Vj leFkZd cu x,A ;gh ugha] laxBu dh nwjchu ls ns[kus ds vknh gksrs gh mudh jktuhfr dk Hkh

izfr;ksxh uhfr esa ifjorZu gks x;kA ogka ls cjh gksus ds ckn os vius&vius jkT;ksa esa thoV o`fŸk ds lkFk fganw laxBu dk leFk Zu djus

yxs FksA

cafn;ksa esa f’k{kk&vkanksyu

vaneku dh rjg jRukfxjh ds dkjkxkj eas Hkh f’k{kk dk vkanksyu tksj&’kksj ds lkFk pyk;kA db;ksa dks Lo;a i<+k;kA viuh tsc ds [kpZ

ls iqjLdkj nsdj iqLrd i<+us esa :fp iSnk dhA xzaFkky; esa iqLrdsa ugha FkhA vkosnu&i= vkosnu Hkstdj] cacbZ ljdkj ls i=&O;ogkj

djds ikap lkS :i, rd dh ubZ iqLrdsa eaxokbZA Lo;a fVIi.kh djds nhA Ik;Zos{kd rFkk f’k{kk foHkkx ds izeq[k ls lgefr feyrs gh os

eaxokbZ xbZA cafn;ksa dh i<+us esa :fp bruh c<+ xbZ fd mlls Ms<+ o”kZ esa dkjkxkjh; >xM+ksa dh la[;k esa bruh deh vkbZ fd dkjkxkj

ds izfrosnu esa vf/kdkfj;ksa dks bldk mYys[k djuk vfuok;Z gks x;kA fy[kk fd bldk dkj.k f’k{kk ds izfr c<+h vfHk:fp gSA

eqlyekuksa ds bZn vkfn R;ksgkjksa ij mUgsa lkoZtfud izkFkZuk djus esa fdlh us vkifŸk ugha dhA ekSyoh Hkh vkrs] bZlkb;ksa dks Hkh lqfo/kk

feyrh] ijarq fganqvksa dks ughaA vr% jktcafn;ksa us iz;kl djds cacbZ ljdkj ls fganqvksa ds fy, Hkh tUek”Veh ds fnu dFkk djus dh

vuqefr izkIr dhA miokl&ozr ds le; Qykgkj nsus dh ifjikVh Mkyh xbZA gfjdFkk lkoZtfud :i ls dh xbZA

dkjkxkj esa jktcafn;ksa ds iz;klksa ls vU; voLFkkvksa esa Hkh cgqr lq/kkj gq,A mnkgj.kkFkZ&ogka ds ‘kkSpky; dh f?kukSuh i}fr dks gh ysaA

Ng&lkr yksx ,d lkFk] iafDr esa mu ‘kkSp dwiksa esa cSBrsA chp esa ijnk vkfn dqN ughaA dwiksa ds Åij NIij rd ugha vkSj brus fudV

fd fcYdqy lVh gqbZ voLFkk esa lHkh dks cSBuk iM+rkA lkFk esa ikuh ugha ys tk ldrs] blfy, lHkh dks oSls gh mBdj nwj uy

465

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ij ‘kjhj /kksuk iM+rkA bl rjg dh csgwnk vkSj xanxh Hkjh vlqfo/kk,a jktcanh yksxksa ds vkanksyu ls cgqrka’k esa nwj gks xbZ vkSj Hkkstu esa

lq/kkj vk x;kA dke dh ;kruk,a de gks xbZ vkSj mlds ;ksx ls fof/kd vuq’kklu de u gksrs gq, cafn;ksa dk vkpj.k lq?kM+ ,oa

vuq’kkluc} gks x;kA

rhu iqLrdsa izdkf’kr

gekjk ,d vkSj v/kwjk dk;Z jRukkfxjh canhx`g esa jgrs gq, vkaf’kd :i esa iw.kZrk dh vksj c<+ jgk FkkA vaneku esa tc vU; dksbZ Hkh

izR;{k jk”Vªdk;Z djuk vlaHko izrhr gksus yxk rc geus ikBdksa dks Lej.k gksxk fd eu&gh&eu ,d dkO; dh jpuk djus dk fu’p;

fd;k FkkA vkxs vusd izR;{k dk;Z djus dk volj feyrk x;k vkSj dkO; ladYi ihNs NwV x;kA jRukfxjh esa canhoku gksrs le;

vaneku esa fojfpr [kaM dfork,a&tks ,d dkO;kuqca/k esa fijksbZ tkusokyh Fkh&geus iw.kZ dhA igys iwjh dh xbZ dfork,a geus ladfyr dh

vkSj fganw laxBukFkZ ml vR;ko’;d dk;Z dh uhao ^fganw* ‘kCn dh O;k[;k] mldk fuf’pr :i vkadus ds fy, ^fganqRo* ‘kh”kZd xazFk dh

jpuk dhA vaneku ls geus viuk <sj lkjk lkfgR; ?kj Hkstk gh Fkk* mu lHkh dforkvksa esa ls pqu&pqudj gekjs ca/kq us ^deyk*]

^lIrf”kZ* rFkk xksekard*1 ‘kh”kZd dkO; izdkf’kr fd,A os izFker% vU; ukeksa ls izdkf’kr fd, x,A pkSFkh ^fojgksPN~okl* vkfn QqVdj

dforkvksa dh iqLrd Hkh Ni xbZ FkhA ijarq gekjh vuqifLFkfro’k mlesa bruh eqnz.k =qfV;ka jg xbZ fd ml v’kq} iqLrd dk izdk’ku can

djuk iM+k vkSj izdkf’kr laLdj.k dks Hkh Qsaduk iM+kA ^deyk*] ^xksekard* vkSj ^egklkxj*&;s [kaM dkO; ftl izFke ladfYir egkdkO;

ds mikax Lo:i fuekZ.k fd, x, Fks] os mikax thfor jgsA ijarq ml eq[; nsgyrk dk vHkh rd tUe Hkh ugha gqvk] ftlds ;s mikax FksA

,slk gh gS&iz;klksa dk ,slk Hkh gksrk gS&dqN lQy rks dqN vlQy gksrs gh gSaA

bl xzaFk ds ihNs&ihNs gh ^fganqRo*2 uked gekjk vaxszth esa fy[kk xazFk gekjs Lusgh Jh dsydj ¼ukxiqj½ us izdkf’kr fd;kA

jRukfxjh ds dkjkx`g esa Lo;a dh iqLrd Hkh ugha feyrh FkhA ckn esa Lokeh jkenkl fey x,A muds xzaFk ls&fo’ks”kr% ^nklcks/k* rFkk

^LQqV vHkax*393

ckY;dky

93

1- lkojdj lexz lkfgR;] [kaM&7 esa ;s lkjs dkO; ladfyr gSaA 2- lkojdj lexz lkfgR;] [kaM&6 esa ;g xzaFk lekfo”V gSA

3- vHkax&pkj pj.kksaokyk ejkBh dk ,dek=k o`ŸkA blds izR;sd pj.k esa rhu ls ysdj vkB v{kj rd gksrs gSaA

466

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ls gh xgjk ifjp; FkkA vU; dksbZ iqLrd Hkh ugha FkhA vr% mldks ckj&ckj i<+kA vkxs vkSj iqLrdsa Hkh feyus yxha vkSj ys[ku lkfgR;

Hkh miyC/k gksrk x;kA fQj i<+uk&fy[kuk vkjaHk fd;kA ^izFohjktjklks*] ^oSfnd bafM;k* ¼nkl½ vkfn vusd cM+s&cMs+ xazFk vk|ar i<+

fy;sA

ckck dkjkeqDr

,d fnol ,sls gh fdlh ls lekpkj iwNus pyk x;k] rc Kkr gqvk fd ckck vR;ar fparktud fLFkfr esa gSaA dydŸkk ds ml xfy;kjs

ls mUgsa nwj ys tkus ds Ik’pkr~ mudks chtkiqj ds canhx`g esa can fd;k x;kA muls feyus esjs vuqt MkW- lkojdj x, FksA rc mUgsa dgk

x;k fd [kknh dk os’k cnysa rks Hkhrj vk ldrs gSaA

gekjs vuqt us og viekutud ‘krZ ugha ekuh vkSj vkanksyu djrs gq, xouZj rd ckr igqapkdj og ‘krZ rqM+okbZA vkf[kj [kknh ds

os’k esa gh mUgsa dkjkx`g esa ckck ls feyu s fn;k x;kA chtkiqj eas ckck dks cgqr ;kruk,a lguh iM+hA ,d futZu] ohjku ,oa Hk;kud

dksBjh esa] ftldh dYiuk Hkh ugha dh tk ldrh] mUgsa vdsys j[kk x;kA vkxs pydj geus lquk] blh dkjkx`g esa ,d jktcanh ikxy

gks x;k FkkA bl dksBjh dk ckck ds eu ij cgr ?kkrd izHkko gksus yxkA vkxs mUgsa vgenkckn194

ys tk;k x;kA ogka ,dkarokl dh

Øwj ;a=.kk,a dkQh de gks xbZa ijarq lhek ls vf/kd c<+rs muds risfnd dh bruh lh Hkh fpark fdlh us ugha dhA vkf[kj mudh

vR;f/kd Je&lfg”.kq nsg dh lgu’kfDr dks Hkh gkj ekuuh iM+hA os bl fo”ke fLFkfr esa canhx`g ds :X.kky; esa iM+s jgsA ,d jktcanh

ds lkgl ls ;g lekpkj ckgj izdV gksdj lekpkj&i= esa izdkf’kr gks x;kA

gekjs vuqt feyus x,295

rks ckck yxHkx vklUu&ej.kkoLFkk esa! ijarq mudk /kS;Z] lkgl es: ds leku vpy!

eq>s ;g lekpkj feyrs gh] eSa lkspus yxk fd vc ckck gkFk ls fudy tk,axsA oSls ge lHkh tkusokys] xeu’khy ;k=h gSaA thou rks nks

fnu dh /keZ’kkyk gSA ijarq ckck vktUe nwljksa ds fy, d”V lgrs] f?klrs jgs vkSj vkt ikl esa Lusg ls eq[k esa ty dh cwan Mkyusokyk

Hkh dksbZ ughaA var esa dkjkx`g us mUgas tks yhyk rks yhykA

gk;! gk;~! Ckkck dks a a a vkf[kj ekj Mkyk] ;a=.kk,a] vR;kpkj nsdj bUgksaus a a a! tku Hkh lkS xquk yhA Øks/k ls mQurk eSa elelkrk

jgk! nq%[kosx ls iy Hkj ds fy, lkal ysuk Hkh dfBu gks x;kA ,slh euksn’kk esa] fody eu gksrs gh ifjikVh ds

94

1- Tkuojh 1922 95

2- tqykbZ 1922

467

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


vuqlkj fLFkjklu esa ‘kkar cSBk jgkA fpŸk dks ;FkklaHko lqfLFkj fd;k vkSj fQj vius vkils iwNk] bl rjg tyus&Hkquus ls D;k ykHk\

ckck ;a=ukvksa dk f’kdkj gq,A izk;% mudh cfy a a amlus yhA vkxs D;k\ a a a a avkxs ‘kksd ugha izfr’kks/k!

fdlh Hkh rjg ls a a a vkSj eqDr gksrs gh a a acl! Ckkck dh e`R;q dk a a aA blds Ik’pkr~ mudk Jk} d:axkA fQj vU; ns’kHkDrksa ds Jk}

Hkh yksx blh rjg djus yxsaxsA196

;g fu’p; eu esa fLFkj gks x;kA NviVkgV ‘kkar gks xbZA

FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa lekpkj feyk& ckck cjh gks x,A eu ckalksa mNyus yxkA pyks eqfDr rks fey xbZA ijarq voLFkk bruh fodV fd

ewfNZr voLFkk esa mUgsa ?kj ykuk iM+kA fQj Hkh fpark ughaA ‘e’kku dk [kpZ cpkus ds fy, gh lgh] mUgsa cjh rks fd;kA fdarq ‘e’kku dk

O;; djus dk larks”k Hkh dgka gekjs ifjokj dh >ksYkh esa iM+usokyk Fkk\ og Hkh ,d lansg gh FkkA mlls Hkyh&;g eqfDr&eqfDr ugha]

cfYd ckck dk iqutZUe gks x;k FkkA bZ’oj dh d`ik rFkk ns’k ds lkSHkkX;o’k ml ns’kHkDr dk LokLF; Hkh /khjs&/khjs lq/kj jgk FkkA ns’k

Hkj esa izlUurk dh ygj nkSM+ xbZA

bl chp&vkxs&ihNs dqN Lej.k ugha&dkdhukMk dh jk”Vªh; lHkk us Lo;a v/;{k ls esjh eqfDr dk izLrko j[kok;k vkSj loZlEefr ls og

ikfjr gks x;kA vaneku ls eSaus tks jktcanh fo”k;d lkoZtfud vkanksyu NsM+k Fkk] jk”Vªh; lHkk dk ;g izLrko mldh ifjlhek FkhA esjs

rFkk ml mnkgj.k ds QyLo:i vU; lHkh Økafrdkjh jktcafn;ksa dh eqfDr ds fy, jk”Vª vkanksyu djs] og bl mn~ns’; ls fd u dsoy

mudks oju~ muds dk;Z dks Hkh jk”Vªh; izfr”Bk izkIr gksrh gSA esjs ca/kq rFkk lHkh jk”VªHkDrksa dks] tks jktcafn;ksa ls lgkuqHkwfr j[krs Fks]

muds iz;klksa dks bl izLrko ls uSfrd lQyrk fey gh xbZA

lu~ 1921 esa ge vaneku ls jRukfxjh vk, vkSj lu~ 1923 esa gesa jRukfxjh ls ;jonk dkjkx`g esa Hkstk x;kA gesa ,slk izrhr gks jgk

gS fd lu~ tkap dj ns[kus ds fy, le; ugha gSA vktUe dkjkokl ds bl lexz o`Ÿkkar ds laca/k esa ;g dg nsuk vko’;d gS fd

fuf’pr Lej.k u jgus ls dkyØe esa FkksM+h&cgqr xyrh gksus dh laHkkouk gSA ijarq vf/kd xyr ugha gSA297

vaneku ds lg&d”VHkksxh fe=ksa ls HksaV

;jonk esa ;g gekjh nwljh HksaV FkhA izFke HksaV lu~ 1910 esa gqbZ Fkh vkSj vc lu~ 1923 esa ;g nwljh HksaVA ml le; ;jonk esa

eqy’kh lR;kxzg ds jktcanh vkrs&

96

1-^mŸkj fØ;k* ukVd esa blh Jk} dh ifjdYiuk gSA 97

2- ;gh lR; gSA ifjf’k”V esa nh gqbZ ^bfrgkl nf’kZdk* nsf[k,A

468

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


tks jgrs FksA muesa ls db;ksa ij dksM+s cjlk, x, FksA tks FkksM+s yksx ihNs cps Fks] mUgksaus gesa crk;k fd mu yksxksa ij ogk a vR;kpkj

fd, x,A blh rjg ogka fla/k] /kkjokM+ ds vusd vlg;ksxh] f[kykQrh fganw vkSj eqlyeku jktcanh Hkh FksA gesa ;g ?kVuk vf/kd

vk’p;Ztud izrhr gksrh Fkh fd ogka ij fganqLFkku ljdkj }kjk vaneku ls okil ykx x, gekjs lg&d”VHkksxh fe=ksa esa ykgkSj vfHk;ksx

ds dbZ fl[k rFkk vU; jkT;Økafrdkjh vktUe dkjkoklh; jktcanh Hkh FksA ge izlUurk ls >we mBs] tSls vius varjax fiz; lacaf/k;ksa ls

feyu gks jgk gSA gekjs us= lkou&Hkknksa cu x,A iki dk lapkj gksrk rks xqIr “kM~;a=ksa dk HkaMk QksM+dj vU; cafn;ksa ds xys es a Qkalh

dk Qank Myokdj geesa ls dksbZ Hkh ,d fnu esa gh vius vkidks eqDr dj ldrk FkkA ijarq bl rjg dh dqefr bZ’oj us fdlh dks Hkh

ugha nhA ;krukvksa ds rhoz vadq’k ân; esa pqHkrs FksA ijarq mUgas lgrs gq, gBh] vfM+;y gkfFk;ksa dh rjg ge Økafrdkjh ,sls izR;sd isp

esa vius&vius eksjps ij MVdj [kM+s Fks fd u ,d ix vkxs j[krs Fks u ihNsA pkjksa vksj ls vlhe vR;kpkjksa ds rhjksa dh ckSNkj

vfojr gks jgh FkhA

bu Økafrdkfj;ksa ds laca/k esa mu uokxr vlg;ksxh jktcafn;ksa dh cM+h fod`r /kkj.kk cu xbZ FkhA os vlg;ksxh] tks nks ;k <kbZ o”kZ dk

naM izkIr djds vk, Fks] muesa dbZ ,sls vuqHkoghu Fks tks FkksM+h lh lQyrk ij rhlekj [kka cus fQjrs FksA mu Økafrdkjh fl[kksa vkfn

jktcafn;ksa ds vkxs] ftUgksaus nl&nl cjl dkysikuh ds d”V >sys Fks rFkk l’kL= la?k”kZ fd;k Fkk] mu iqjkus tq>k: lwjek cafn;ksa esa os

vius nks dkSM+h ds Ms<+ cjl ds naMHkksxh lR;kx`g dh ‘ks[kh c?kkjuk pkgrs rFkk mUgsa dqN u le>rsA

eSaus bu lHkh vK yksxksa dh vka[kksa esa rst vatu Mkyuk vkjaHk fd;kA mUgsa fganw laxBu dk uke Hkh jk”Vª&fo?kkrd izrhr gksrkA mudh

lPph ijarq vR;ar myVh /kkj.kkvksa dk eSa rhoz fu”ks/k djus yxkA eSa ,d o`{k ij p<+rk& bu jktc afn;ksa esa ls dqN dks igjs ij j[kdj

vU; yksx nwljh vksj ds eSnku esa bdV~Bs gksrs vkSj ppkZ vkjaHk gks tkrhA eSa o`{k ij cSBdj vk/kk&vk/kk ?kaVk jktuhfrd rFkk laxBu

laca/kh ppkZ djrka fQj gesa mu jktcafn;ksaokys fgLls esa gh j[kk x;k A vc rks ge mu uokxr ns’k&cka/koksa dks ml le; izrhr gksrh

jktuhfr dh fod`r yxrh] vdkV~; rdZ rFkk bfrgkl ds vk/kkj ij loZFkk frrj&fcrj dj nhA muesa ls vusd foiFkxkeh] vuqHkoghu]

jktuhfr esa vK] ijarq lPps ns’kHkDr ;qodksa us var esa vaneku dh jk”Vªh; lsuk ds rŸoksa rFkk dk;ZØe dks Lohdkj dj fy;kA os vc

mUgha

469

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fl[k vkfn jktcafn;ksa ds vrqy /kS;Z ,oa jk”Vªh; LokFkZ&R;kx dh ljkguk djds mUgsa mfpr lEeku nsus yxsA

mu uokxr ns’k&ca/kqvksa esa fganw laxBu ds fo”k; esa Hkh vR;ar myVh&iqYkVh /kkj.kk Fkh vkSj os ml vkanksyu dk euks;ksxiwoZd fojks/k djrs

FksA bl laca/k esa muls ppkZ djds] muesa ls izk;% lHkh jktcafn;ksa dks laxBu ds rŸo le>kdj ml dk;Z dk iw.kZ leFkZd cuk;k x;kA

eq>s ;jonk yk, tkrs gh blls iwoZ vaneku esa ge ij tks Ik;Zos{kd Fkk vkSj tks blds Ik’pkr~ dkjk&Ik;Zos{kd ds in ls mUufr ikdj

vc iatkc ds dkjk foHkkx dk izkarh; Ik;Zos{kd Fkk] ml vf/kdkjh dks gsrqiwoZd gks ;k u gks] iatkc ls cqyokdj ;jonk ds dkjk&Ik;Zos{kd

ds :i esa fu;qDr fd;k x;kA tuJqfr ;g Fkh fd bl lTtu dks esjk vaneku dk o`Ÿkkar Kkr gS] blfy, eq>s cjh djus ds iz’u ij

mldh jk; tkuus ds fy, mls mlh dkjkxkj esa fu;qDr fd;k x;k gS] tgka eSa gwaA dqN Hkh gks] mlds ;jonk vkus ij ge jktcafn;ksa

dks] tks vaneku ls okil ykSVs Fks] ,d rjg ls izlUurk gh gqbZ] D;ksafd ml O;fDr dk LoHkko [kqyk] fu’py Fkk vkSj og vkneh dks

igpkurk FkkA mlds ‘kkludky esa gesa dbZ ckj vaneku esa gM+rky] izpkj] “kM~;a= vkfn vkanksyu djus iM+s] vr% mls ge lHkh dh

[khaprk ugha Fkk fd VwV tkus dh laHkkouk gksA gekjh U;k;iw.kZ ekaxs gn ls c<+us ls iwoZ gh >V ls ekuus dh uhfr mls Lohdkj FkhA

bl vf/kdkjh ds Ik;Zos{kd ds :i esa vkrs gh] mlus eq>s dksBjh ls fudkydj dquSu cspus ds ,d dkj[kkus dk eqf[k;k cuk fn;kA lHkh

ckydksa rFkk vU; deZpkfj;ksa dks] tks ogka Fks] i<+kus dh vuqefr Hkh eq>s nh xbZA jRukfxjh dh rjg eSaus ;jonk esa Hkh xazFkky; lq/kkjus

dh ;kstuk vius gkFk esa yh vkSj [kkldj ejkBh iqLrdksa dh&ftudh fLFkfr cgqr gh xbZ&chrh Fkh vkSj tks dhM+k yxs ,d&nks cDlksa esa

/kwy ls vaVh iM+h Fkh&n’kk esa lq/kkj fd;kA bUgha cDlksa dks xazFkky; dk uke fn;k x;k vkSj muesa dkSu lh ubZ iqLrdsa vko’;d gSa]

mudh lwph Hkh cukbZA fganh] ejkBh vkfn Js”B iqLrdksa dh lwph cukdj geus mUgsa ljdkjh jhfr ls eaxokus dh vuqefr Hkh izkIr dhA

fdarq mlds Ik’pkr~ ;g ns[kus ds fy, ge ogka ugha jgs fd os iqLrdsa vkbZ ;k ughaA mlls iwoZ gh gesa eqDr dj fn;k x;k FkkA

;jonk esa ‘kqf}dj.k

;jonk esa vU; vkanksyuksa ds lkFk geus ‘kqf}dj.k izdj.k Hkh gkFk esa fy;k FkkA ml lHkh o`Ÿkkarksa ds :i esa ;gka ;g ,d gh egŸoiw.kZ

‘kqf} dk laf{kIr ,oa =qfVr

470

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


o.kZu djrs gSaA

ogka ,d eq[;kf/kdkjh enzkl dh vksj ds FksA eSaus tc mUgsa izFker% ns[kk rks egk’k; u[k&fu[k ;wjksfi;u os’k&Hkw”kk esa e<+s gq, Fks vkSj

Lo;a dks bZlkbZ dgykus esa ,d rjg dk vkRexkSjo le>rs FksA ijarq muds eu esa /keZ&fo”k;d Hkkouk izcy gks xbZ Fkh vkSj os fganw

cuuk pkgrs FksA mudk fookg Hkh bZlkbZ lekt esa gh laiUUk gqvk FkkA ckY;koLFkk esa ,d&nks bZlkbZ fe=ksa ds ?kj Hkkstu djus ls fganw

czkã.kksa us mUgas cfg”d`r dj fn;k FkkA bl laiw.kZ dkaM dh ppkZ gksrs&gksrs mudk fganw gksuk fuf’pr gks x;kA ijarq fganw /keZ esa okil

ykSVrs gh] tks u;k ?kj cukuk Fkk] mldh x`fg.kh dk vf/kdkj laHkkyus ds fy, fdls <wa<+k tk,\ mudh og bZlkbZ izFke iRuh rks muls

yxHkx fjDr gks xbZ FkhA rc os cacbZ esa esjs vuqt ds ikl x, vkSj fganw fe’kujh laLFkk esa mudk ‘kqf}dj.k fuf’pr gks x;kA cacbZ esa

gh muls ifjfpr ,d bZlkbZ ifjpkfjdk ¼ulZ½ Fkh tks muds lkFk fganw gksus ds fy, rS;kj gks xbZA og Hkh vfookfgr gh FkhA ;fn ml

efgyk ds u, ?kj dks x`gifr dh vko’;drk Fkh] rks bUgsa x`fg.kh dhA vFkkZr~ ekax vkSj iwfrZ dks ijLij O;kogkfjd :i nsrs gq, nksuksa

dh ‘kqf} rFkk fookg ,d gh fnu esa laiUu fd;k x;kA ;g vf/kdkjh egj’k; viuh fganw L=h ds lkFkk ftl fnu ;jonk okil ykSVs]

mlh fnu og foyk;rh Vksih vn`’; gks xbZ vkSj laiw.kZ nslh ifjos’k /kkj.k djds vorh.kZ gq,] ekuks iq.ks dk dksbZ czkã.kA muds }kj ds

vkxs jaxksyh ltkbZ tkus yxhA ?kj esa ekFks ij fcanh rFkk x`gifr ds yykV ij fryd txexkus yxkA

^^vth] gesa vc vius fganw vkpkjkuqlkj vkSj dkSu lk laLdkj djuk gksxk\** ml vf/kdkjh us iwNkA

^^vkSj dqN ugha**] geus galdj mŸkj fn;k] ^^gka] vc lR;kukjk;.k dh dFkk djk Mkyks fd lcdqN gks x;kA**

mlds vuqlkj mUgksaus lR;ukjk;.k dh dFkk djkbZA ml le; izlkn xzg.k djus ds fy, lHkh dkfjanksa] flikfg;ksa] xzkeLFkksa ds eu igys

gh rS;kj dj fy, x, FksA lR;ukjk;.k dh dFkk lquus ds fy, lHkh yksxksa dks vkrs ns[kdj ml lTtu dks] tks iPphl cjl ls fganw

lekt ls fcNqM+k gqvk Fkk] fo’okl gks x;k fd fganw lekt us mUgsa lpeqp viuk fy;k gSA muds enzkl fLFkr ifjokj dks i= Hksts x,A

ml fganwd`r nairh dh x`gLFkh fgan w /kekZuqlkj lq[k&larks”k ls O;rhr gksus dk lekpkj gesa cjlksa rd ckj&ckj feyrk jgkA

471

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izFke jktuhfr] vU;Fkk lektdk;Z

;jonk ds os Ik;Zos{kd] ftudk geus ihNs mYys[k fd;k Fkk] igys vaneku esa Ik;Zos{kd Fks vkSj gesa ;jonk yk, tkus ds ckn mUgsa Hkh

iatkc ls ;jonk yk;k x;k Fkk] gels ckj&ckj iwNrs&eqDr gksus ds Ik’pkr~ vki D;k djsaxs\ ge Hkh mUgsa ogh fuf’pr mŸkj nsrs&ftu

ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ge cjh gksaxs] mUgha ij gekjh Hkfo”; dh xfrfof/k;ka fuHkZj gksaxhA bl mŸkj dh vf/kd ppkZ pyrh rc ge dgrs dh

;fn ge fcuk ‘krZ cjh gks x, rks jktuhfr esa Hkjiwj fgLlk ysaxsA ijarq fdl izdkj dh jktuhfr\ ;g Hkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij fuHkZj jgsxkA

;fn vkt fn, x, vf/kdkjksa ds Qy ls Hkfo”;dkyhu vf/kdkjk s a ds cht mRiUu gksrs x,] mUgksaus tM+ idM+h vkSj blh ijaijk ls lq/kkjksa

ds fodkl mRØkafr gksrh jgh rks ge vius izfr;ksxh rŸokuq:i ‘kkar rFkk oS/k ekxZ ls jktuhfr pyk,axsA ;fn dqN fnuksa ds fy, jktuhfr

esa fgLlk ysus ds fy, eq> ij jksd yxkbZ xbZ rks dqN vjkuhfrd dk;kZsZ esa gh og vof/k O;rhr djsaxsA dkjkx`g eas jgrs gq, tks djuk

laHko gks ldk] mlls dqN vf/kd izR;{k lsok ekr`Hkwfe dh djuk laHko gks] bl izdkj dh ‘krZsa Lohdkj djds vius vkidks eqDr djuk

izfr;ksxh uhfr ls gh ugha vfirq lekt fgr dh n`f”V ls Hkh gekjk ije drZO; gSA

blls iwoZ tc ge vaneku ea Fks rc Hkh bl izdkj dh ppkZ,a cMs+&cM+s vf/kdkfj;ksa ls gksrh FkhA geus ogka Hkh ;gh mŸkj fn, FksA ijarq

muesa ls dqN Hkh ugha fudyk FkkA vr% eSaus ;g vk’kk j[kh gh ugha fd ppkZ ls dqN fudysxkA ,d vksj ge ;FkklaHko eqfDr dk iz;kl

dj jgs Fks] nwljh vksj ;g ekudj fd eqfDr vlaHko gS&dkjkokl esa gh ;FkklaHko ns’klsok dj jgs FksA

ijarq ,d fnu vius fuR; ds isVnnZ rFkk vip fodkj ls =Lr gksdj eSa :X.kky; x;k FkkA rc ,d fo’oluh; vf/kdkjh }kjk eq>s

lwfpr fd;k x;k fd ,d&nks fnu esa cacbZ ds xoZuj nks&rhu mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa ds lkFk vkils feyus vk jgs gSaA

blls iwoZ vaneku esa fganqLFkku ljdkj ds x`gea=h ¼gkse esacj½ vkfn vf/kdkjh vkrs vkSj gels jktuhfr ij ppkZ Hkh djrsA ijarq bl

rjg dh HksaVksa ls Hkh eqfDr dk iz’u gy ugha gqvk FkkA eSaus ;gh ekuk Fkk fd ogh xfr bl HksaV dh Hkh gksxhA ijarq eSa fdl rjg dh

eqfDr pkgrk gwa] ;g blls igys Hkh dbZ ckj ljdkj dks lwfpr fd;k x;k Fkk&Bhd mlh izdkj dh ‘krZsa vc Hkh eSa Lohdkj djus ds

fy, rS;kj gwaw] ;g Hkh ljdkj dks crkus ds ckn] tSl s blls igys vusd ckj Lohd`r fo”k;d vlarks”k O;Dr fd;k x;k Fkk] ij oSlk

ugha gqvk vkSj xoZuj egk’k; us dqy feykdj larks”k gh O;Dr fd;kA blds Ik’pkr~ jktuhfr fo”k;d ppkZ gqbZA mlesa Hkh mUgha erksa dh

472

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


iqu:fDr jgh] tks eSaus blls iwoZ dbZ ckj fyf[kr rFkk ekSf[kd :i esa dh FkhA dgk fd ^tc fdlh Hkh izdkj ‘kkar vFkok oS/k ekxZ

viukdj gekjs jk”Vª dh jktuhfrd vkdka{kkvksa dh iwfrZ gksus dh laHkkouk ‘ks”k ugha jgs] rc Økafrdkjh ekxZ dh vksV rFkk Hkh”k.k taxyksa

ls jkg fudyrs gq, vkxs c<+us dks gesa ck/; gksuk iM+sxkA ijarq ;fn orZeku lq/kkjksa dh mi;ksfxrk ls vkxkeh lq/kkjksa dh izkfIr vkSj

mlesa ls Hkfo”;dkyhu izxfr dh laHkkouk&bl izdkj oS/k fodkl laHko gks rks gekjs Økafrdkjh vkanksyu Hkh ftu rŸoksa ij [kM+s fd, x,

Fks] mu izfr;ksxh rŸoksa dh rjg lg”kZ ‘kkar rFkk oS/k ekxZ dk gh voyacu djsaxsA blds vfrfjDr mu lq/kkjksa dk izfr;ksxh i}fr l s

jk”VªfgrkFkZ iks”kd Lo:i esa ;FkklaHko ykHk mBk,axsA*

ijarq gekjs bu opuksa ij dgka rd fuHkZj jgk tk ldrk gSA ljdkj bl laca/k esa gh iwoZ dh rjg l’kafdr FkhA

rks dqN vof/k rd&jktuhfr&izR;{k orZeku jktuhfr esa ge Hkkx ugha ysaxsA dkjkxkj esa Hkh jktuhfr esa izR;{k Hkkx ugha ys ldrs] ijarq

ckgj jktuhfr ds vfrfjDr f’k{kkRed] /kkfeZd] lkfgR; vkfn {ks=ksa esa jk”Vª dh ukukof/k lsok dh tk ldrh gSA ;q} esa idM+s x,

lsukifr dks tc rd ;q} py jgk gS] ^/kjhuk eh ‘kL= dnule;h ;k futdjh*&bl izdkj ;nqdqy ohj dh rjg izfrKk djokbZ tkus ij]

ml vfHkopu ij ¼On Parole½ eqDr fd;k gh tkrk gSA ml ;nqdqy ohjor~ jktuhfrK lsukuh us izR;{k ‘kL=&laUlkl ysus ds fy,

ck/; fd, tkus ij Hkh jk”Vª dk;Z esa mldk de&ls&de lkjF; rks dj lds] blfy, bl rjg dh ‘krsZa ekU; djus esa Hkh fdlh rjg

dk vieku ugha le>k] oju~ ,slk djuk gh viuk rRdkyhu drZO; le>kA

bl rjg fopkj djrs gq, blls iwoZ vaneku esa tc {keknku ls lSadM+ksa Økafrdkfj;ksa ds cjh gksus dk le; vk;k rc mUgsa mi;qZDr ‘krZ

dks fyf[kr Lohd`fr nsus dh lykg nh Fkh vkSj mUgha ‘krkZas ij gLrk{kj djr s gq, os lSdM+ksa jktcanh cjh gks x, FksA

vr% bl ‘krZ ds fo”k; esa dksbZ egŸoiw.kZ dfBukbZ ugha FkhA blh ‘krZ ij blls iwoZ gesa cjh ugha fd;k x;k&bldk dkj.k ;g Fkk fd

bl ‘krZ ds lkFk gh vrhr esa gekjs Økafrdkjh vkanksyu fdl rjg gq,] mlesa dkSu Fkk] fdruh r S;kjh Fkh vkfn tkudkjh nsus dk ladsr

fd;k tkrkA ijarq ^vrhr ls lacaf/kr ,d Hkh ‘kCn u iwNk tk,] u gh O;Dr fd;k tk,A vrhr dh ?kVuk,a tks ,d ckj eqgjcan gks xbZ

lks gk xbZA vc vxyk dfg,A* vius bl fu.kkZ;d opu dk geus dM+kbZ ds lkFk mPpkj.k fd;k] fQj Hkh bl le; rd xoZuj

egk’k; us eqfDr dh ppkZ can ugha dhA var esa dsoy ^orZeku jktuhfr esa dqN fuf’pr vof/k rd vkids fy, jksd j[kh tk,*

473

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


rFkk gesa LFkkuc} j[kk tk,] bu ^nks ‘krksaZ ij vkidh eqfDr dk eSa ;FkklaHko iz;kl d:axk vkSj uokxr xoZuj ¼lj ysLyh foYlu½ ds

lkeus ;g fo”k; izLrqr d:axkA* bl izdkj dk vk’oklu nsrs gq, xoZuj lj tkWtZ ábV vkSj muds eaf=eaMy ds vU; vf/kdkjh pys

x,A ppkZ ds nkSjku mUgkasus dHkh&dHkh gekjs fy, vR;ar vknj;qDr mn~xkj fudkys FksA gekjs dkjkxkjh; Ik;Zos{kd us Hkh gesa cjh djus

ds fy, muls izcy vuqjks/k fd;k FkkA

bl ppkZ ds Ik’pkr~ iqu% cgqr le; chr x;k rks geus lkspk&fiNyh ckrphr ds leku ;g ppkZ Hkh ‘kwU; esa foyhu gks xbZ gSA

fuR; ds fu;ekuqlkj ge vius dkjkxkjh; dk;ZØe ;Fkkor~ pykus yxsA tSlsfd ihNs dgk gS] ogka ds jktcafn;ksa esa ,sls vusd uokxr]

tks vlg;ksx vkanksyu dh /kka/kyh esa gky gh esa jktuhfr esa izfo”V gq, Fks] mu cafn;ksa dks ,sfrgkfld jkT;Økafr dh rFkk jktuhfrd

Økafr dh jŸkh Hkj Hkh tkudkjh ugha FkhA ijarq muesa ls vusd cM+s gh lPps ;qod Fks] tks ns’kHkfDr ls izsfjr gksdj vk, FksA mUg s a fiNyh

jkT;Økafr ds bfrgkl dk cks/k gks] blfy, geus ,d O;k[;kuekyk ‘kq: dhA ,d ckj lHkh fganw&eqlyeku jktcafn;ksa dks ,df=r djds

^,drk* dh okLrfod O;k[;k ,oa fganqLFkku ds lafo/kku dh ppkZ djokbZ FkhA mu eqlyekuksa esa dqN ukeoj usrk Fks vkSj ml le;

xka/khth dk Hkh iM+ksl dh nhokj ds ikj okLro FkkA muds er ds yksx] tks muds ikl&vkrs jgrs] gesa lwpuk nsrs jgrs FksA ge mudh

ml vlg;ksxh er&iz.kkyh rFkk f[kykQr ds ?kkrd varjax dk lrr fu”ks/k dj jgs FksA

blh O;k[;kuekyk esa ml fnu enuyky /khaxjk ds pfj= ij esjk O;k[;ku FkkA izkr% lHkh vfHkuo Hkkjrh; ;qodksa ds] tks Qkalh ij p<+ s

Fks rFkk iaprRo esa foyhu gks x, Fks] pfj=ksa ij ogka ij O;k[;ku fn, x,A uokxr jktcafn;ksa dk muds izfr vknj fnu nwuk jkr

pkSxquk c<+ jgk FkkA enuyky dkaM lquus ds fy, yxHkx ipkl&ipiu canh ml dksBjh esa rFkk cjkens esa bdV~Bs cSBs FksA nwljh vksj

dgha vf/kdkjh rks ugha vk jgs] bldh Vksg ysrs gq, fuR; ds fu;ekuqlkj igjs cSBk, x, FksA enuyky ds lkgl Hkjs dk;Z ds o.kZu

lqudj mu jktcafn;ksa ds ‘kjhj esa jksekap gks jgk FkkA

brus esa igjs ij rSukr fe=kksa us Hkkxs&Hkkxs vkdj lwfpr fd;k] ^QkVd [kqyus dh vkokt vk jgh gS] dksbZ vk jgk gSA* ns[krs&ns[krs

yksx b/kj&m/kj gks x,A viuh&viuh bekjrksa vkSj dksBfj;ksa esa tkdj os lkal ys gh jgs Fks fd ,d lktZsaV us eq>s cqyk;kA eq>s iz/kku

dk;kZy; esa yk;k x;kA Ik;Zos{kd ds lkFk iqu% eqfDr dh ppkZ gksus yxhA geus dgk] ^^bl izdkj dh ppkZ ls eSa Åc x;k gwaA eqfDr dk

Åij

474

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ls vkns’k vk;k gks rks bldk dqN mYys[k djsaA** mlus dgk] ^^th gka] vkidh eqfDr dh bl ppkZ esa ljdkj us viuh ‘krsZa j[kus dk

fu’p; fd;k gSA**

geus dgk] ^^HkbZ] ge lkr&vkB o”kksaZ ls dg jgs gSa fd os ‘krsZ gesa Lohdkj gSaA rks fQj ;g >a>V D;ksa\**

eqfDr dh ‘krkZsa dk izk:i

mUgkasus >V ls dkxt fudkydj ‘krksaZ dk izk:i cuk;k vkSj lkFk esa ljdkj ls izkIr ,d fyf[kr O;Dr ¼statement½ gekjs lkeus j[kkA

geus i<+kA ^csVlZ Ýke vaneku* ‘kh”kZd iqLrd esa izdkf’kr lu~ 1920 ds vius i=¹98 dk mYys[k djrs gq, geus dgk fd oSlk o.kZu

djus ds fy, ge rS;kj gSaA ijarq Åij ls vk, gq, bl oDrO; esa FkksM+k&cgqr ifjorZu fd;k tk, rks og gekjs dFku ls feyrk&tqyrk

gks tk,xkA gesa dgk x;k] ^^vki gh fyf[k,] tks fy[kuk gSA ijarq vR;ko’;d nks&pkj ‘kCn gh tksM+s tk,a] ftlls bruk vlaHkkO; la;ksx]

lqugjk volj] cuk&cuk;k ;g [ksy u fcxM+sA** Ik;Zos{kd us ,slh lgkuqHkwfriwoZd viuh bPNk izdV dhA

geus oDrO; fy[kkA mlesa vk;ksftr eq[; us ;g dgdj fd og dFku iznh?kZ gks jgk gS] mlesa iqu% dkV&NkaV dhA geus oDrO; esa tks

‘kCn vk;ksftr fd,] mudk vFkZ Åij mYysf[kr vaneku ls Hksts lu~ 1920 ds i= esa fd;k gSA Ik;Zos{kd us vfHkopu fn;k fd oSlk gh

ekuk tk,xkA vr% geus mu miokD;ksa dk dkV fn;k vkSj og oDrO; Åij Hkstk x;kA ge iqu% viuh dksBjh esa vk x,A

vcdh ckj eqfDr ds vklkj fn[kus yxsA jktcanh rFkk vU; lHkh g”kZeXu gq,A ijarq eSa iqu%&iqu% vius vkidks rFkk mUgsa lpsr djrk]

^^izk;% eqfDr feysxh] ijarq mlh ij fuHkZj u jgsa] esjs thou esa vusd /kks[ks gq, gSaA**

98

nsf[k,] lkojdj lexz lkfgR;] [kaM&5] i`- 455 ls 91

475

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&13

vktUe dkjkokl dh vafre jkf=

vktUe dkjkokl naM ds dkjkx`g esa og esjh vafre jkf= FkhA ml jkr ;g fuf’pr :i ls rks ugha dgk tk ldrk Fkk fd og vafrd

jkf= gS] ijarq vc fuf’pr fd;k tk jgk gS f dog vafrd jkf= FkhA ;fn ;g jkr esjs dkjkxkjh; thou dh vafrd] de&ls&de

vktUe dkjkokl ds naM dh vafrd a a ajkf= gks rks vgk gk! dy bl le; ,slh funzk] ftl ij okWMZj dk igjk ugha gks] ,slh LoPNan

funzk fdlh dejs esa a a a ftldh f[kMfd;ka [kqyh gksaxh] ,sls fdlh LoPN pkanuh fcNs dejs esa gksxhA

ijarq ;fn ;g vafrd jkf= u gks rks\ u lghA de&ls&de bl thou dh tks vafre jkf= gksxh] og rks bl canh’kkyk dh vafre jkf=

gksxh u\

ml jkr dM+kds dh lnhZ FkhA tuojh dk eghuk] fQj Hkh o”kkZ dh tksjnkj >M+h yx xbZA gekjs vks<+kou gekjs fy, Ik;kZIr ugha gksrs FksA

nks dacy dM+kds ds ml tkMs+ ds fy, iwjs ugha iM+rs FksA nks tkaf?k,] nks dqjrs] ,d ds Åij ,d iguus ij Hkh lnhZ yxrhA ij diM+k

vkSj Fkk gh ugha vkSj ;g cj[kk dh >M+hA fiNokM+s dh nhokj dh f[kM+dh ls Qqgkjksa dh lrr ckSNkj gks jgh Fkh] ftlls dksBjh esa lksuk

vlaHko lk gks x;kA diM+s Hkhx x,] vr% ,d dksus esa ‘kjhj dh xBjh cukdj v/kHkhxs oL= yisVdj] nqcddj cSB x;kA mlh lnhZ esa

>idh ysrs&ysrs ikS QVhA

canh’kkyk esa bl rjg dksus esa xBjh cudj] nqcddj >ifd;ka ysrs] Åa?krs gq, dbZ jkrsa fcrkbZ FkhA ijarq ;g vafrd jkf= gksus ls fo’ks”k

Lej.k jghA

losjs fuR; dk dk;ZØe pykA ihNs enuyky /khaxjk ds pfj= dk tks O;k[;ku vk/kk&v/kwjk NksM+ fn;k Fkk] mls iwjk djus ds fy,

[kM+s&[kM+s gh nl&ikap jktcafn;ksa dks og mŸkjk/kZ lquk jgk Fkk] D;ksafd ml fnu lc yksxksa dh xks”Bh djds O;k[;ku nsus dk volj ugha

feyk FkkA

brus esa dk;kZy; ls Ik;Zos{kd dk cqykok vk x;kA mlds lkFk&lkFk ogka ds

476

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fdlh fo’oluh; vf/kdkjh dk lans’k Hkh vk;k fd vki cjh gks x,A

esjs lg;ksxh] lg&d”VHkksxh rFkk lgpj cus mu fe=ksa ds&ftuds lkFk eSaus vaneku ds d”Ve; thou ds dbZ cjl xqtkjs&us=ksa esa

vkuankJq Nydus yxsA ijarq gekjs\ gekjs us=ksa rFkk eu esa bldk Hk; FkjFkjkus yxk fd dgha bu fe=ksa dks canhx`g esa gh NksM+dj rks ge

eqDr u gks tk,axs\ mUgksaus esjk gkfnZd vfHkuanu fd;kA os esjs xys yx x,A lkB&lkB cjl ds os o`} fl[k ca/kq] ^ckcwth] vkb,!

Ckcwth] gesa Hkwy er tkuk] ^dgrs Lusfgy vknj ds lkFk gesa viuh ckagksa esa Hkjus yxs] ^^vki gels lkr&vkB cjl igys dkykikuh

>sy vk, gSa] fQj D;k gqvk ;fn vki igys cjh gks x,\ vkidh eqfDr gh gekjh eqfDr gSA vkidh eqfDr ls gekjh eqfDr dk ekxZ [kqy

x;k gSA de&ls&de viuh fiz;re ekr`Hkwfe dh eqfDr dk ekxZ rks dqN va’k esa fuf’pr gh [kqy x;k gSA**

geus dgk] ^^vkxs nsf[k,] bZ’oj dSlh ‘kfDr iznku djrk gSA ijarq ca/kqvksa] ,d ckr dh xokgh vki nsaxs gh f dbl canh’kkyk dh

;krukvksa ds tcM+s esa njnjkrs jgdj eSaus tks ckjg cjl O;rhr fd,] muesa ls bl vafrd iy esa Hkh eSa vkils mlh /;s; ds leFkZu

esa] mlh /;s; dks ikus ds fy, la?k”kZjr a a a a A

^^tc ;g Hk;adj naM ?kksf”kr gqvk rc esjs gkasBkas ij tks t;?kks”k fFkjd jgk Fkk ogh t;?kks”k vius lkjs Hk; rFkk ;krukvksa ij Lo;a dks

cfy p<+krs&p<+krs vkt Fkddj pwj gksdj Lo;a csgks’k gksrs gq, esjs vkSj rqEgkjs gksaBksa ij yjt jgk gSA cksyks] cksyks] Lora=rk Yk{eh dh

t;!**

ge lHkh us Lora=rk Yk{eh dh t;&t;dkj dh vkSj ,d&nwljs ls fonk yhA dk;kZy; esa vkrs gh Ik;Zos{kd us eqfDr dk vkns’k i<+kA199

ikap o”kksaZ rd jktuhfr esa Hkkx ugha ysuk vkSj jRukfxjh ftys esa gh LFkkukc} jgukA ;s nks izeq[k ‘krsZa r; dh xbZ FkhA mlesa

chuus&pquus dk iz’u ugha FkkA eq>ls dgk x;k] ^vkt gh dgha Hkh u :drs gq, vkidks jRukfxjh ds fy, fudyuk gksxk* a a aa vkSj

canhoku ds diM+s mrkjdj ?kjsyw oL= iguus dh vkKk nh xbZA vktUe dkjkokl dh ;g vafre vkKk FkhA 2100

cacbZ ds Mksaxjh dkjkxkj eas lu~ 1911 esa ?kj ds oL= mrkjs FksA vkt lu~ 1924 esa mUgsa iqu% /kkj.k fd;kA

fpŸk dks ,d fo”k..k fojke] dqN mnkl izlUurk gks jgh FkhA ml i;Zos{kd us mnkj rFkk ljy eu ls esjk vfHkuanu fd;k vkSj fu’Ny

Hkko ls psrkouh nh]

99

1- 6 tuojh] lu~ 1924 100

2- Hkkoh thou esa mUgsa lu~ 1934 esa ianzg fnu] 1941 esa nks fnu] 1948 esa ,d o”kZ rFkk 1950 esa lkS fnu dk dkjkokl feyk FkkA

477

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


^^vc vius vkidks laHkkyukA** ^vc vius vkidks laHkkyuk* ‘kCnksa esa gh esjs eu ds g”kZ dh mnklh dk dkj.k fNik FkkA

dk;kZy; ds esjs lkjs ns’kcq/ka] canh rFkk dfu”B ls ysdj mPp vf/kdkfj;ksa rd] lHkh us eq>s ?ksj fy;kA mUgks aus dgk] ^îzHkq jkepanz dh

rjg vkius pkSng cjl cuokl Hkqxr fy;kA /kU; gks! vkt gekjk jk”Vª Qwyk ugha lek,xkA**

ml izsee; Lokxr dks Lohdkj djrs gq, eq>ls ;g dgs fcuk ugha jgk x;k] ^îjarq ,d vR;ar egŸoiw.kZ deh ¼=qfV½ bl rqyuk ls vki

lHkh ds eu esa pqHkuh pkfg, fd a a izHkq jkepanz us a a afd;kA1101

geus cuokl rks Hkqxr fy;k a a aijarqA og dk;Z gksus ls gh okLrfod

cuokl dk var gksxkA ;fn bZ’oj dh dìk gks rks ,d fnu og dk;Z Hkh xkS.k dk;Z ds leku lQy gksxk**1022

eq>s ys tkus ds fy, esjs fudV laca/kh vk, FksA dkjkx`g dk }kj [kqy x;kA eSa ckgj fudy iM+k] tkus dSlh&dSlh ;qfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx dj

ckgj fudykA canh’kkyk ds rkys dh pkHkh ds Nsn ls ckgj fudykA

rks var esa eSa NwV gh x;kA {k.k Hkj ds fy, vkl&ikl ns[kkA eu&gh&ed dgk&vktUe dkjkokl ls eqDr gks x;k&ij D;k dgk tk, a a

aA canhx`g dks lnk ds fy, jke&jke dgus dk le; vHkh ugha vk;k gS( mldh iwjh igpku NksM+uk Bhd ughaA eklsZfyl esa Hkh blh rjg

,d ckj NwV x;k Fkk&f[kld x;k FkkA ;g eqfDr Hkh mlh rjg dh ugha gksxh] ;g dSls dgk tk,\

bl rjg fe=ksa ls ckrsa djrs] eqldqjkrs eksVj esa cSB x;kA mldk batu ?kj?kjk;k] ifg, fgys vkSj vkthou dkjkokl dh lhek dk

mYya?ku djrs gq, mlus gesa thou dh lhek esa iqu% ykdj NksM+ fn;kA

thou dh ml lhek esa iqu% ix j[krs gh esjs iwjs jk”Vª us Hkko&foHkksj gksdj Lokxr ds d`rKkiwoZd Lusfgy vkfy aXu esa eq>s iy Hkj ds

fy, vkRefoLe`r dj fn;kA izFke fnol esa gh eSa vius ?kj ij fcYdqy lgt gks x;kA muds ^Hkys ohj* dgdj esjh ihB FkiFkikrs gh

bl vkthou dkjkokl dh ;krukvksa ds xgjs&ls&xgjs reke ?kko Hkj x,] mlls lacaf/kr ‘ks”k cph dsoy mldh ^vaneku dh Le `fr;ka*A

,rnFkZ ^Qkalh dh fo”kkDr Nk;k ‘kjhj ij iM+rs gh mldk gykgy;qDr Mad lgus dh ‘kfDr vk tk,*&nsoh dh ftl ewfrZ&’kfDr dk geus

bl xazFkkjaHk esa vkãu fd;k Fkk] vc mls mlds d`rK vkHkkj esa bl le; vLFkk;h :i esa folftZr djrs gSaA

101

1- jko.k dk o/k djds lhrk&eqfDr dk dk;Z fd;kA geus cuokl rks Hkqxrk] ij vaxsztksa dk jkT; ge u”V ugha dj ldsA

102

2- vkxs pydj Lora= Hkkjr Hkh lkojdj us ns[k fy;kA

478

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


izdj.k&14

fiz; ikBd!

;g vkthou dkjkokl lekIr gks x;kA ,d D;k] nks vkthou dkjkoklksa dh bfrJh gks xbZA mudh Le`fr;ka ^esjk vkthou dkjkokl* bl

xzaFk eas Lka{ksi esa rFkk VwVh&QwVh lax`ghr dh gSaA

bl txr~ esa tUe ysrs gh dky ds dkysikuh ij Hksts tkrs le; gesa tks cM+k vkthou dkjkokl feyk] mldh Le`fr dk ;g ^vkthou

dkjkokl* ek= ,d v/;k; gS] ek= ,d foHkkx gSA Hkxoku~ djs ftl egku~ ozr ds vuq”Bku esa ;g ^esjk vkthou dkjkokl* lekIr

gqvk] mlh esa og ^vkthou dkjkokl* Hkh lekIr gksA

eqfDr fey xbZ&iSjkas dh yksgs dh csfM+;ka VwV xbZA ijarq eu esa f?kjh gqbZ] mlls tdM+h gqbZ dkeuk] bPNk&vfHkyk”kk dh csM+h ugha VwVhA

canhx`g dh iRFkj dh nhokj ds ckgj eSa [kM+k jgk] ijarq r`”.kk ds f{kfrt dk nqYkZa?; ijdksVk vHkh Hkh vkRek dks can fd, [kM+k gSA

fiz; ikBd! ;g mckÅ deZdFkk fy[krs gq, eq>s ftruk d”V gqvk vkSj ogh&ogh o.kZu djrs&djrs eSa ftruk mdrk x;k] mruk gh

ckj&ckj dgs tkus vkSj lquus ls vki Hkh mdrk x, gSa u! ;fn gka] rks og bl xzaFk dh lQyrk gS] D;ksafd ,d fu esa gh i<+h tk

ldusokyh bruh laf{kIr dFkk Hkh vkidks bruh mdrkgV Hkjh vkSj vlR; vkSj Loknghu yxrh jgh] mlh vkthou dkjkokl ds

{k.k&{k.k fxurs] mlds pkSng o”kZ izR;{kr% thrs gq,] gekjs Hkkjrh; jktcafn;ksa dks og fdruh mdrk nsusokyh] fuLlkj vkSj vlguh; gqbZ

gksxh] bldh vki Hkh dqN dYiuk dj gh ik, gksaxs] ,slk dgk tk ldrk gSA

fiz; ikBd! vc ge pyrs gSaA pyrs&pyrs bruh lh fouez izkFkZuk bl VwVh&QwVh ys[kuh ls Hkh fd, fcuk ugha tkrk fd ftlus bl

mckÅ mdrkgV Hkjh dFkk ls Hkh u Åcrs gq, drZO; le>dj bls var rd viuh Nkrh ls yxk;k] tks

479

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ml Hk;adj vfXu&ijh{kk esa ty x, vkSj tks tyrs&tyrs Hkh tyk, u tk ldus ds dkj.k mlesa ls ckgj fudy vk,]

mudh ;g Le`fr vki dHkh foLe`r djukA Hkfo”; eas vkxs&ihNs vkidks gh bldk ykHk gksxk a a A

480

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


ifjf’k”V

fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj ds dkjkx`g dh

bfrgkl&nf’kZdk

^esjk vkthou dkjkokl* ‘kh”kZd xazFk ds ys[kd fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj ds vaneku ds canh&dky dh bfrgkl&nf’kZdk ¼Jail History

Ticket½ muds vius pfj= ys[ku ds fy, fy[ks dkxtksa esa izkIr gqbZ FkhA

cacbZ iz’kklu us ^Hkkjrh; Lora=rk vkanksyu ds bfrgkl ds lk/ku* ¼Source Material for a History of the Freedom Movement

in India, Vol. II½ lu~ 1985 esa izdkf’kr dhA mlds f}rh; [kaM] i`”B 478 ls 81 rd esa lkojdj dh bfrgkl&nf’kZdk gSA mldh

rFkk ohj lkojdj ds dkxtksa esa muds T;s”B ca/kq ckckjko lkojdj }kjk fyf[kr bfrgkl&nf’kZdk&nksuksa nf’kZdkvksa dh rqyuk djds ge

;g nf’kZdk izLrqr dj jgs gSaA x`g foHkkx us tks iqjkus dkxt tru ls j[ks gSa] muesa Ø- D.D. Specit Vol. No. 60 (DF Page 27) esa

blls vf/kd foLr`r nf’kZdk gSA mlls ;g fn[kkbZ nsrk gS fd vkxs lu~ 1914 ds ckn lk/kkj.kr% izR;sd rhu&pkj fnuksa ds Ik’pkr~ ohj

lkojdj dks i<+us ds fy, ubZ iqLrd nh tkrh Fkh] bldh vusd fVIif.k;ka ml nf’kZdk esa gSaA ml nf’kZdk esa ;g Hkh fn;k gS fd mUgksaus

fdl fnu iqLrd ugha yhA oSls fVIif.k;ka vusd gSa] ijarq mUgsa bl xzaFk esa lekfgr djus dh ‘kklu dh vuqefr izkIr djuk vlaHko gk sus

ls bl bfrgkl&nf’kZdk esa mudk lekos’k ugha gSA ‘ks”k nf’kZdk vkxs izLrqr dj jgs gSa

&cky lkojdj

481

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj bfrgkl&nf’kZdk ¼History Ticket½

canh Ø-32778 oxZ&lh 3 canhx`g Ø- 2 vafre rYyk

fnukad fooj.k

24-12-1990 izFke vkthou dkjkokl naMA

30-1-1911 nwljk vkthou dkjkokl naMA

17-6-1911 vaneku izLFkkukFkZ ^egkjktk* ty;ku ij p<+ukA

4-7-1911 vaneku dkjkx`g esa izos’kA

4-7-1911 izfrfnu ,d ikSaM fNydk dwVus dk dke fn;kA

15-7-1911 Ng ekg ds fy, dksBjh esa canA

1-8-1911 jLlh cVus dk dke fn;kA

14-8-1911 ch-,- dh mikf/k jn~n dhA f’k{kk lfpo dk i=A

16-8-1911 pkSng fnuksa ds fy, gkFk dksYgwA

29-8-1911 eq[; vk;qDr dks NwV nsus dk fuosnuA

3-9-1911 fuosnu vLohdkjA

6-12-1911 ,d vkus dk flDdk] dkxt+] isafly lkFk j[kus ds vijk/k esa psrkouhA

15-1-1912 dkydksBjh ls Ng eghus ckn ckgj fudkykA

9-5-1912 fcuk vuqKk ds nwljksa dks fy[kk i= vkSj ys[ku ds fy, vko’;d dkxt+A

11-6-1912 isafly vkfn lkexzh cjkenA bl vijk/k ds fy, ,d eghuk ,dkar dksBjhA

11-7-1912 dksBjh ls fudkykA

7-9-1912 nwljs canh dks fy[kk gqvk i= ikl feykA

10-9-1912 mi;qZDr vijk/k ds fy, lkr fnuksa dh [kM+h gkFkcsM+hA

18-9-1912 [kM+h gkFkcsM+h iw.kZA

29-10-1912 lksyg eghus rd dkydksBjh esa ln~O;ogkj ds dkj.k ogka ls fudkyus

ds fy, canhiky dh ofj”Bksa dks lwpukA

4-11-1912 ofj”Bksa us lwpuk jn~n dhA

22-11-1912 nwljs canh }kjk fy[kk gqvk i= ikl esa feykA

23-12-1912 ,dkarokl ls eqfDrA

482

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


30-12-1912 iwjs fnu vUu&xzg.k vLohdkjA

31-12-1912 vUu&xzg.k vLohdkj

1-1-1913 fQj oghA

2-1-1913 izkr% vUu&xzg.k fd;kA

18-2-1913 jLlh dk dkeA

2-8-1913 :eky cjken ¼:eky ikl j[kuk vijk/k½A

25-8-1913 mi;qZDr vijk/kkFkZ MkaVA

14-11-1913 x`g foHkkx ds ekuuh; lnL; us vkosnu&i= fy[kus dh vuqKk nhA

14-11-1913 oS|dh; v/kh{kd dks pkj cts vkosnu HkstkA

16-11-1913 lj jsthukWYM ØkWMkd ds vkxs [kM+k fd;kA

16-12-1913 dke djus ls iw.kZ bUdkjA

17-12-1913 mi;qZDr vijk/kkFkZ ,d eghuk ,dkarokl dk naM] dke ugha] iqLrd ughaA

17-1-1914 jLlh cVus dk naM LfkfxrA

8-6-1914 dke djus ds fy, laiw.kZ vlg;ksxkFkZ ikao esa csafM+;ka Mkydj lkr

fnu rd [kM+s jgus dk naMA

15-6-1914 nl cts mi;qZDr naM iw.kZA

16-6-1914 dke djus ds fy, loZFkk euk djus ls vkB eghus eksVh tathj ¼Chiangauge½A

18-6-1914 jLlh cVus ds dke dh ekax103

A

19-6-1914 eq[; vk;qDr dk i= 178@29]48 Øekad ds vuqlkj ekaxs ugha ekuhA

Tkk ldrhA

26-6-1914 eq[; vk;qDr Ø- 194@2948 fnukad 25-6-1914 ds vuqlkj canhoku

dk vkosnu izkIrA

26-6-1914 vkSj iqu% dke ij vkus ds miy{; esa vk;qDr }kjk ljkgukA

29-6-1914 [kksM+k csM+h fudkys x,A

10-9-1914 eq[; vk;qDr ls vkosnu djus dh vuqefr ekaxhA

14-9-1914 oS|dh; v/kh{kd }kjk vkosnu HkstkA

103

mi;qZDr naM vlguh; gqvk gksxk] vr% bl dke dh ekax dh gksxhA & laiknd

483

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


16-10-1914 pkj eghuksa ds Ik’pkr~ eksVh tathj fudkyhA

18-5-1915 :X.kky; esa izos’k fn;k vkSj csM+h fudkyhA

21-5-1915 jLlh cVus dk dke

17-3-1916 /kksrh ij diM+s dk VqdM+k tksM+k] blhfy, MkaV iM+hA

8-8-1916 nwljs oxZ ds fy, vkosnuA

16-8-1916 eq[; vk;qDr ds i= 124 fnukad 14-8-1916 ds vuqlkj lwfpr fd;k tkrk gS fd Hkkjrh; canhokl ls Ng eghuksa ds de le; j[kk tkus

ls vaneku esa vkus ds fnu ls naM vof/k fxudj nwljk oxZ fn;k tkrk gSA

2-11-1916 nwljk oxZ fn;kA

3-8-1917 dke ij jkr ds igjsnkj dh voKk djus ds dkj.k MkaVA

2-10-1917 fganqLFkku ljdkj dks vkosnu djus dh vuqKkA

1-2-1918 eq[; vk;qDr ds i= 1264 fnukad 31-1-1918 }kjk lwfpr fd;k x;k fd lHkh jktcafn;ksa dks cjh djus lacaf/kr vkosnu fganqLFkku jkT;

lfpoky; dks Hkstk x;kA

1-1-1919 ijgst vkSj vkS”k/kksipkjkFkZ :X.kky; esa j[kk x;kA

1-4-1919 vUu vkSj vkS”kf/k gsrq :X.kky; esa j[kkA m/kj Ø- 5 dh bekjr esa

Åijh fgLls ds dksus dh dksBjh esa jguk gksxk vkSj tc dke ugha py

jgk gks] ml le; Nr ;k uhps vkaxu esa tks LFkku jkl vk tk,] ogka

FkksM+s le; ds fy, O;k;ke djus dh vuqefr nh xbZA

30-5-1919 iRuh vkSj ca/kq MkW- lkojdj ls ,d ?kaVk HksaVA

31-5-1919 iRuh vkSj ca/kq MkW- lkojdj ls lok ?kaVk HksaVA

24-1-1920 dkjkx`g lfefr dks vkosnu djus dh vuqefrA

6-4-1920 Hkkjr ‘kklu dh vksj Hkstus dk vkosnu eq[;ky; dks Hkstk vkSj

fnukad 12-4-1920 ds fnu og Hkkjr ‘kklu dks Hkstk x;kA

14-7-1920 Nr ij ys[ku dk;Z djus dh vuqefrA

19-8-1920 fganqLFkku ljdkj dh lwpuk fd okbljkW; lk/kkj.k ;q}&fot; dh

{kek dk ykHk lkojdj ca/kqvksa dks nsus ds fy, rS;kj ughaA

28-9-1920 lkojdj us bPNk iznf’kZr dh fd mUgsa ujkxz.kh ¼QksjeSu½ fu;qDr

fd;k tk, vFkok fy[kus dk dke fn;k tk,A igyh ekax vHkh rks

vlaHko] nwljh ekax ;FkklaHko ‘kh?kz Lohdkj dh tk,A

484

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


4-11-1920 eq[; vk;qDr dh vkKk fnukad 3-11-1920 ds vuqlkj lkojdj dks

rsy xksnke ij ujkxz.kh fu;qDr fd;k x;kA

21-1-1921 izeq[k vk;qDr ds i= la- 2005 fnukad 19-1-1921 ds vuqlkj fcYyk

fudkykA

10-2-1921 rhu eghus larks”ktud dke djus ls iDdk fd;k tkus dk i=] izeq[k vk;qDr ds ikl i= Ø- }kjk lwfprA

2-5-1921 cacbZ Hkstus ds fy, ^egkjktk* ty;ku ij p<+k;kA

485

esjk vkthou dkjkokl


esjk vkthou dkjkokl - hindustan books · esjk vkthou dkjkokl ckkjh ckck dk mins’k 84 8- dksbjh...

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