ljlorh esa vksj esjk material/main aur m… · second floor, mgm tower, 19 ansari road, daryaganj,...

ljLorh

eSa vkSj esjk

ysf[kdk,¡

MkWú ek/qjh 'kkfyuh 'kekZ ,eúfiQyú] ih&,púMhú (fnYyh fo'ofon~;ky;) ,eú,ú] chú,Mú (fnYyh fo'ofon~;ky;) foHkkxkè;{kkµfnYyh ifCyd LowQy] n~okjdk vè;kfidkµfnYyh ifCyd LowQy] n~okjdk

U;w ljLorh gkml (bafM;k) izkúfyúubZ fnYyhµ110002 (bafM;k)

f'k{kd&lan£'kdk ,oa vH;kl&if=kdk

Second Floor, MGM Tower, 19 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 (India) Phone : +91-11-43556600Fax : +91-11-43556688E-mail : [email protected] : www.saraswatihouse.comCIN : U22110DL2013PTC262320Import-Export Licence No. 0513086293

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Revised edition 2018

TM Code: 2017007000141

Published by: New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd.19 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 (India)

The moral rights of the author has been asserted.

©Reserved with the Publishers

Publisher’s Warranty: The Publisher warrants the customer for a period of 1 year from the date of purchase of the Book against any Printing/Binding defect or theft/loss of the book. Terms and Conditions apply: For further details, please visit our website www.saraswatihouse.com or call us at our Customer Care (toll free) No.: +91-1800-2701-460Jurisdiction: All disputes with respect to this publication shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Courts, Tribunals and Forums of New Delhi, India Only.

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This book is meant for educational and learning purposes. The author(s) of the book has/have taken all reasonable care to ensure that the contents of the book do not violate any copyright or other intellectual property rights of any person in any manner whatsoever. In the event the author(s) has/have been unable to track any source and if any copyright has been inadvertently infringed, please notify the publisher in writing for any corrective action.

vkeq[k

f'k{kdksa dk Kku vR;ar O;kid gksrk gSA mUgsa lanf'kZdk lqiqnZ djus dk mn~ns'; gS] cPpksa dk lok±xh.k fodkl djukA

f'k{k.k iz.kkyh esa Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ gSA Hkk"kk dh xw<+ ckjhfd;ksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, gekjk ,d iz;kl iqLrdh; Ükà[kyk osQ :i esa vkiosQ le{k gS] ftldk uke gS ̂ eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.kA* ;g d{kk ,d ls ysdj vkBoha rd osQ fon~;kfFkZ;ksa osQ fy, gSA gekjk mn~ns'; cPpksa dks fganh Hkk"kk fl[kkuk gSA

f'k{kd&lanf'kZdk ,oa vH;kl&if=kdk dk fuekZ.k f'k{kdksa osQ fy, fd;k x;k gS rkfd êSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k* Ükà[kyk dh i`"BHkwfe esa fufgr mn~ns';ksa dks os cPpksa rd lgh <ax ls igq¡pk losaQA

^f'k{kd&lanf'kZdk* dks vf/d mi;ksxh ,oa fon~;kfFkZ;ksa gsrq vH;klijd cukus osQ fy, O;kdj.k&fo"k; osQ izR;sd ikB dh ikB&;kstuk miyC/ djkbZ tk jgh gSA rRi'pkr~ ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa ,oa iz'u&i=kksa osQ mRrj fn, x, gSaA ikBksa osQ i'pkr~ gy lfgr dk;Z&if=kdk,¡ Hkh tksM+h xbZ gSaA

vk'kk gS] Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k dh fn'kk esa fd;k x;k gekjk ;g iz;kl mi;ksxh fln~/ gksxkA

f'k{kkfonksa ,oa vuqHkoh f'k{kdksa n~okjk fd, x, lq>koksa dk ge Lokxr djsaxs ftlls Hkkoh la'kks/uksa esa enn feysxhA

µysf[kdk,¡

fo"k;&lwph 1- Hkk"kk&fopkj --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 2- o.kZ&fopkj -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 3- laf/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 4- 'kCn&fopkj --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 5- 'kCn&HkaMkj ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 6- milxZ] izR;; ,oa lekl -----------------------------------------------------------------------20 7- laKk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24 8- fyax -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27 9- opu ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29 10- dkjd-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31 11- loZuke---------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------33 12- fo'ks"k.k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35 vH;kl iz'u&i=kµ1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------37 13- fØ;k--------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39 14- dky ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42 15- vfodkjh 'kCn ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------44 16- okD; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------48 17- v'kqn~/ okD;ksa dk 'kks/u -----------------------------------------------------------------------51 18- fojke&fpg~u -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------53 19- eqgkojs rFkk yksdksfDr;k¡ -------------------------------------------------------------------------56 20- vifBr xn~;ka'k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------58 21- vifBr in~;ka'k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59 vH;kl iz'u&i=kµ2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------60 dk;Z&if=kdk,¡ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------61 dk;Z&if=kdkµmRrjkoyh --------------------------------------------------------------------------80

(iv)

5

Hkk"kk&fopkjPhilology 1

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk

iqLrd % eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k d{kk % 6

fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % Hkk"kk&fopkj fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; Hkk"kk rFkk Hkk"kk osQ :iksa ls ifjp;A

Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i dk Kku ,oa iz;ksxA

Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodklA

jpukRedrk tkxzr djukA

Hkk"kk ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl djokukA

lgk;d lkexzh oqQN Hkk"kkvksa osQ uewus] lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA

iwoZKku ijh{kk Nk=k ^Hkk"kk* ls iwoZ ifjfpr gSaA muosQ iwoZKku dks vk/kj cukdj mUgsa ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* djus osQ fy, dgsaA

rRi'pkr Nk=kksa osQ lkFk ml ij ppkZ djsaA muosQ fopkj tkusaA

f'k{k.k&laosQr Hkk"kkvksa osQ uewus fn[kkdj crk,¡ fd Hkkjr@fo'o esa vusd Hkk"kk,¡ cksyh tkrh gSA

Hkk"kk osQ egRo ij izdk'k Mkyrs gq, ';keiV ij 'kh"kZd fy[ksaA

lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA

chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA

ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A

rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA

6

fu"d"kZ Nk=kk ^Hkk"kk* osQ :iksa rFkk egRo ls iw.kZr% ifjfpr gks x, gSaA os oqQN Hkk"kkvksa dh fyfi;ksa dks Hkh igpkuus esa l{ke gSaA

fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV'kks/u djsaA

ikBkar vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj

”kjk crkb, rks

Nk=k Lo;a crk,¡xsA

Hkk"kk osQ nks eq[; :i gSaµekSf[kd rFkk fyf[krA

O;kdj.k Hkk"kk dks 'kqn~/ :i ls cksyuk] i<+uk] fy[kuk fl[kkrk gSA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) fyf[kr ([k) ekSf[kd (x) fyf[kr (?k) ekSf[kd

(Ä) fyf[kr (p) ekSf[kd

2- (d) iatkch ([k) rfey (x) fganh (?k) vksfM+;k

(Ä) dUuM+ (p) rsyqxq (N) ey;kye (t) vlfe;k

3- (d) rhu ([k) ekSf[kd (x) 22 (?k) i+ Qkjlh

(Ä) fyfi

4- (d) ([k) (x) (?k)

(Ä) (p)

”kjk lksfp, rks

bl iz'u dk mRrj Nk=k viuh le> ls nsaxsA

Hkkjr osQ vykok iQh”kh] ekWjh'kl] baMksusf'k;k] eysf'k;k] usiky] nf{k.k vizQhdk] dukMk vkfn

ns'kksa esa Hkh ¯gnh cksyh tkrh gSA

Nk=k Lo;a irk yxk,¡xsA

djosQ nsf[k,

vè;kid vFkok baVjusV osQ lg;ksx ls Nk=k ;g xfrfof/ Lo;a djsaxsA

7

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk


fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % o.kZ&fopkj fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; ¯gnh o.kZekyk rFkk o.kZ osQ Hksnksa ls ifjp;A

o.kZ&foPNsn rFkk o.kZ&esy dk vH;klA

Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i dh tkudkjh nsuk rFkk iz;ksx fl[kkukA


mPPkkj.k laca/h v'kqn~f/;ksa dh tkudkjh nsukA

ikB ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl iz'u djokukA

lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA

iwoZKku ijh{kk vè;kid Nk=kksa ls ikB osQ vkjaHk esa fn, x, ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* dks è;ku

ls i<+us vkSj le>us osQ fy, dgsaA Nk=kksa ls dksbZ Hkh ,d&,d 'kCn cqyok,¡A

rRi'pkr ';keiV ij oqQN 'kCnksa dh èofu;k¡ fy[ksa vkSj Nk=kksa ls i<+ok,¡A

f'k{k.k&laosQr vè;kid Nk=kksa dks crk,¡ fd eq[k ls fudyh ;s èofu;k¡ ^o.kZ* dgykrh gSa vkSj

vkt ge o.kZ ls laacaf/r ikB i<saxsA

';keiV ij mi&fo"k; fy[kssaA

lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd

lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA

o.kZ&fopkjOrthography 2

8

chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa

vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA

ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x,

vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A

rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA

fu"d"kZ Nk=k o.kZekyk] o.kks± osQ Hksn rFkk miHksnksa dks igpkurs gSa rFkk o.kZ&foPNsn vkSj

o.kZ&la;ksx dj ldrs gSaA mPpkj.k laca/h eq[; v'kqn~f/;ksa ls ifjfpr gks pqosQ

gSa vkSj muesa lq/kj Hkh dj ldrs gSaA

fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl&dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV'kks/u djsaA


”kjk crkb, rks Hkk"kk dh lcls NksVh bdkbZ o.kZ dgykrh gSA

nks O;atuksa osQ esy ls la;qDr O;atu curs gSaA budh la[;k pkj gSA

o.kks± osQ O;ofLFkr lewg dks o.kZekyk dgrs gSaA

Li'kZ O;atuksa osQ izR;sd oxZ dk vafre o.kZ iape o.kZ dgykrk gSA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa 1- (d) bdkbZ ([k) o.kZekyk

(x) Lojksa (?k) rhu] ßLo] nh?kZ] Iyqr

(Ä) v] ½ (p) mPpkj.k (N) Z ] z ] ª

2- (d) iqLrd ([k) :i (x) oSQlk (?k) e`x

(Ä) Nk;k (p) panu (N) thou (t) iatkc

3- (d) ([k) (x) (?k) (Ä) (p)

9

4- bl iz'u dk mRrj Nk=k Lo;a fy[ksaxsA

5- (d) laLo`Qfr = l~ $ va $ l~ $ o~Q $ ½ $ r~ $ b

([k) f=kos.kh = r~ $ j~ $ b $ o~ $ , $ .k~ $ bZ

(x) xanxh = x~ $ va $ n~ $ v $ x~ $ bZ

(?k) Ük`axkj = 'k~ $ ½a $ x~ $ vk $ j~ $ v

(Ä) v¡xwBh = v¡ $ x~ $ Å $ B~ $ bZ

6- (d) Kku ([k) nokb;k¡ (x) /qvk¡ (?k) vkxkeh

(Ä) laaca/ (p) vk'khokZn (N) dof;=kh (t) fpg~u

(>) p<+kbZ (×k) vuf/dkj

”kjk lksfp, rks i+ Qu&iQu] iQy&i+ Qy] ”kjk&tjk vkfnA

djosQ nsf[k, ;g xfrfof/ Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

10

laf/kJoining 3

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk


fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % laf/ fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; laf/ dh ifjHkk"kk] igpku rFkk Hksnksa dh tkudkjh nsukA

Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i dh tkudkjh nsuk rFkk 'kqn~/ iz;ksx ij cy nsukA

Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodkl djukA

laf/ laca/h vH;kl iz'uksa osQ mRrj nsuk vkSj fy[kukA

lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj] ÝyS'k dkMZ~l vkfnA

iwoZKku ijh{kk vè;kid Nk=kksa ls ikB osQ vkjaHk esa fn, x, ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* dks è;ku ls ns[kus vkSj i<+us osQ fy, dgsaA

rRi'pkr ';keiV ij mlh izdkj osQ oqQN vU; 'kCn fy[ksa vkSj muosQ esy ls cuus okys u, 'kCn iwNsaA

larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij crk,¡ fd 'kCn&fuekZ.k dh ;g izfozQ;k laf/ dgykrh gSA

f'k{k.k&laosQr lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA




11

fu"d"kZ Nk=k laf/ dh igpku djus esa leFkZ gSa rFkk fu;eksa osQ vuqlkj laf/ djosQ 'kCn&fuekZ.k djus rFkk Hksnksa osQ uke crkus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA



”kjk crkb, rks

nks o.kks± osQ esy ls mRiUu fodkj dks laf/ dgrs gSaA

laf/ osQ rhu Hksn gksrs gSaµLoj laf/] O;atu laf/ rFkk folxZ laf/A

xq.k laf/µegsanz] egksRlo

o`n~f/ laaf/µ egkSt] oukS"k/

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) egf"kZ ([k) ikod (x) uhjksx (?k) ueLrs

(Ä) lnSo (p) vR;kpkj

2- (d) mr~ $ Toy ([k) fnu $ bZ'oj (x) bfr $ vkfn (?k) rr~ $ yhu

(Ä) dke $ v{kh (p) lansg $ vLin (N) okrkZ $ vkyki (t) fu% $ n~oan~o

(>) cgqr $ vk;r (×k) fu% $ iQy

3- (d) uS $ bdk ([k) fu% $ ey (x) lnk $ ,o (?k) izfr $ bZ{kk

4- (d) okf"kZdksRlo ([k) fueZy (x) lnSo] fi=kkKk (?k) egs'k] izrh{kk

(Ä) ehuk{kh] lw;ksZn;

”kjk lksfp, rks

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

djosQ nsf[k,

(d) fu"Bqj ([k) ,oSQd (x) ek=kkKk (?k) u;u

(Ä) iou (p) fujk'kk (N) rFkSo (t) ifo=k

121212

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk


fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % 'kCn&fopkj fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; 'kCn&jpuk rFkk 'kCn oxhZdj.k dh tkudkjh nsukA

Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i osQ Kku rFkk iz;ksx ij cyA

Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dks fodklA


'kCn ij vk/kfjr vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kukA

lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj] pkVZ isij vkfnA

iwoZKku ijh{kk vè;kid Nk=kksa ls ikB osQ vkjaHk esa fn, x, ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* xfrfof/ dks è;ku ls i<+us vkSj le>us osQ fy, dgsaA

f'k{k.k&laosQr rRi'pkr ml ij vk/kfjr NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa vkSj Nk=kksa ds fopkj tkusaA larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij mi&fo"k; dh ?kks"k.kk djsaA

mi&fo"k;@'kh"kZd ';keiV ij fy[ksaA

lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA





'kCn&fopkjMorphology 4

13

fu"d"kZ Nk=k jpuk rFkk mRifRr ds vk/kj ij 'kCnksa dh igpku dj ikrs gSa rFkk 'kCnksa ds Hksn Hkh crk ldrs gSaA


”kjk crkb, rks o.kks± osQ lkFkZd lewg dks 'kCn dgrs gSaA

ns'k esa izpfyr vke cksypky dh Hkk"kkvksa ls vk, izpfyr 'kCn ns'kt dgykrs gSaA

cukoV dh n`f"V ls 'kCn rhu izdkj osQ gksrs gSaA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa 1- (d) 'kCn ([k) nks (x) rRle (?k) pkj

2- (d) xk¡o ([k) dku (x) nk¡r (?k) vkB

(Ä) gkFkh (p) ngh

3- (d) pkSdh ([k) dk;kZy; (x) HkkX; (?k) lekpkj&i=k

(Ä) fpfdRld (p) èofu

4- (d) ;kSfxd ([k) :<+ (x) :<+ (?k) ;ksx:<+

(Ä) ;kSfxd (p) ;ksx:<+

5- (d) fons'kh ([k) fons'kh (x) ns'kt (?k) rRle

(Ä) ns'kt (p) ns'kt (N) rRle (t) fons'kh

6- (d) lkr ([k) eq¡g] ikuh (x) ngh (?k) ?kj

(Ä) lk¡i] ”kgjhyk

”kjk lksfp, rks bl iz'u dk mRrj Nk=k viuh le> osQ vuqlkj nsaxsA

djosQ nsf[k, ;g xfrfof/ Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

14

'kCn&HkaMkjVocabulary 5

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk


fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % 'kCn&HkaMkj fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij 'kCnksa dh tkudkjhA

'kCnksa dh igpku djkuk rFkk O;kogkfjd iz;ksx fl[kkukA

Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ Kku o iz;ksx ij cy nsukA


ikB ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl dk;Z djukA


iwoZKku ijh{kk vè;kid Nk=kksa ls ikB osQ vkjaHk esa fn, x, ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* xfrfof/ dks è;ku ls i<+us vkSj le>us osQ fy, dgsaA





fu"d"kZ Nk=k 'kCnksa ds i;kZ;] foykse vkfn ljyrk ls igpku ldrs gSaA okD;ka'k osQ fy, ,d 'kCn crkus esa leFkZ gSa rFkk vusdkFkhZ 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ crkus dk iz;kl Hkh djrs gSaA


15


i;kZ;okph 'kCn

”kjk crkb, rks

^i;kZ;okph* dk vFkZ gSµleku vFkZ okykA

ou osQ nks i;kZ; gSaµdkuu] vj.;A

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) ikuh] uhj ([k) xkS] xk; (x) i{kh] [kx (?k) igkM+] ioZr

(Ä) gLr] dj (p) ckny] ty/j (N) v'o] ?kksM+k (t) d.kZ] dku

2- (d) eq[kµonu ([k) fctyhµnkfeuh (x) lkxjµtyf/ (?k) tudµrkr

(Ä) dks;yµ';kek (p) vkuanµg"kZ (N) lksukµgse (t) ;qn~/µlej

(>) iq=khµlqrk (×k) mRloµioZ

3- (d) jtr ([k) oklj (x) e;wj (?k) tud

(Ä) lgksnjk (p) fnudj (N) narh (t) uHk

(>) rks; (×k) vuy

”kjk lksfp, rks

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

djosQ nsf[k,

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

foykse 'kCn

”kjk crkb, rks

foykse dk vFkZ gSµfoijhr ;k myVkA

^¯unk* dk foykseµLrqfrA

^vuqt* dk foykseµvxztA

16

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) ?k`.kk ([k) dBksj (x) vU;k; (?k) var

(Ä) iznku (p) ¯glk (N) v'kqn~/ (t) ohj

2- (d) dk;j ([k) mnkl (x) cspuk (?k) Fky

(Ä) ljnh (p) ?k`.kk

3- (d) vkylh ([k) gkfu (x) vuqt (?k) efyu

(Ä) ikrky

4- (d) vieku ([k) iznku (x) ?k`.kk (?k) dksey

(Ä) iq.; (p) izLFkku (N) vfuPNk (t) ej.k

5- (d) lqxe µ lkgl osQ lkFk vkxs c<+us ij lHkh ekxZ lqxe gks tkrs gSaA

([k) ijk/hu µ ijk/hu gksdj dksbZ lq[kh ugha jg ldrkA

(x) iki µ euq"; dks iki ls nwj jguk pkfg,A

(?k) var µ lHkk osQ var esa iz/kukpk;Z us Hkk"k.k fn;kA

(Ä) nqHkkZX; µ nqHkkZX;o'k lM+d nq?kZVuk esa dchj ?kk;y gks x;kA

”kjk lksfp, rks

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

djosQ nsf[k,

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

okD;ka'k osQ fy, ,d 'kCn

”kjk crkb, rks

izR;{k vtj

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) cs'keZ ([k) Jksrk (x) vukFk (?k) nqyZHk

(Ä) vR;kpkjh (p) funksZ"k

2- (d) esjk 'kgjh fe=k dy vk jgk gSA

([k) gekjh d{kk esa uhjtk uke dh yM+dh] tks e`nqHkk"kh gSA

17

(x) iz/kuea=kh osQ lkeus izR;sd lkaln us 'kiFk yhA

(?k) vkRek vej gSA

(Ä) eSa fgeky; ij tkuk pkgrk gw¡] D;ksafd og n'kZuh; gSA

3- (d) nqxZe ([k) e`nqHkk"kh (x) dfo (?k) o`QrK

(Ä) uHkpj

4- (d) bfrgkl ls laca/ j[kus okyk ([k) tks fp=k cuk,

(x) iqjk.k ls laca/ j[kus okyk (?k) tks iq#"k dfork jprk gS

(Ä) tks midkj u ekurk gks (p) dke djus okyk

(N) eghus esa ,d ckj gksus okyk (t) tks vusd Hkk"kk,¡ cksyrk gks

”kjk lksfp, rks

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

djosQ nsf[k,1-v xz t

3-fu ok lh

e4-oS M

5-i

2-j Kk j fj

{k fu6-Jks rk ozQ

8-n

d d ek 'kZ7-lq y Hk d

Jqfrle&fHkUukFkZd 'kCn

”kjk crkb, rks

tks lquus es leku yxs] ijarq vyx vFkZ nsA

/uq µ /uq"k] /suq µ xk;

18

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) bl oLrq dk ewY; 40 #i;s gSA

([k) vkt cgqr xje vfuy cg jgh gSA

(x) bl dk;Z dk ifj.kke vPNk ugha gksxkA

(?k) lkjk vUu bdV~Bk dj xksnke esa j[kksA

(Ä) vke dk vpkj cgqr Lokfn"V gSA

2- (d) rjax = ygj = unh esa rjaxsa mB jgh FkhaA

rqjax = ?kksM+k = rqjax rhoz xfr ls Hkkxus yxkA

([k) esy = feyki = nksuksa 'k=kqvksa esa esy gks x;kA

eSy = xanxh = eu dk eSy lki+ Q djuk vko';d gSA

(x) deZ = dke = euq"; dks iQy dh ¯prk osQ fcuk viuk deZ djuk pkfg,A

ozQe = flyflyk = lHkh 'kCnksa dks 'kCndks'k osQ ozQe ls fy[kksA

3- (d) v'o ([k) vyh (x) /uq (?k) lwr

(Ä) uhM+ (p) ekr` (N) vuy

4- (d) ek=kHkDr µ ekr`HkDr ([k) ifjek.k µ ifj.kke

(x) uhj µ uhM+ (?k) brj µ b=k

(Ä) vknh µ vkfn

”kjk lksfp, rks

ewy] ewY;

fnu] nhu

djosQ nsf[k,

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

vusdkFkZd 'kCn

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) xzg] fnu dk uke ([k) xk;] i`Foh

(x) ?kM+k] de (?k) ve`r] ty

19

2- (d) vFkZ (/u) µ lsB us cgqr vFkZ laxzg dj fy;kA

vFkZ (eryc) µ ek¡] papy dk vFkZ le>k nhft,A

([k) xfr (gkyr) µ ?kk;y dh xfr ?kk;y gh le> ldrk gSA

xfr (pky) µ eqoqqQy ean xfr ls ekxZ ij py iM+kA

(x) ikuh (ty) µ ;k=kh ikuh dh ryk'k esa HkVd jgk FkkA

ikuh (ped) µ dHkh viuh vk¡[k dk ikuh de ugha gksus nsukA

3- (d) yM+dh ([k) papy iq#"k (x) iq”kkZ (?k) frudk

4- (d) gFkkSM+k ([k) xksn (x) fdj.k (?k) gkFkh

(Ä) lw;Z

”kjk lksfp, rks

xfr osQ vFkZµ pky] gkyr vkSj eks{k gSaA

djosQ nsf[k,

vè;kid@vè;kfidk osQ lg;ksx ls Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

20

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk


fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % milxZ] izR;; ,oa lekl fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; milxZ] izR;; ,oa lekl dh igpku rFkk milxZ] izR;; ,oa lekl osQ izdkjksa ls ifjp;A

Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i dk Kku djkukA


milxZ] izR;; ,oa lekl ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj nsus esa l{ke cukukA

ikB ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl dk;Z djukA


iwoZKku ijh{kk iwoZKku ijh{kk osQ fy, f'k{kd ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk ij Nk=kksa osQ lkFk ppkZ djsaxsA

larks"ktud mRrj ikus ij mn~ns'; ,oa mi&fo"k; dh ?kks"k.k djsax rFkk ';keiV ij mifo"k; fy[ksaxsA





milxZ] izR;; ,oa lekl

Prefi x, Suffi x and Compound

6

21

fu"d"kZ Nk=k fofo/ milxks±] izR;;ksa ,oa lekl ;qDr 'kCnksa dh igpku rFkk iz;ksx dj ldus esa leFkZ gSaA os milxks±] izR;;ksa ,oa lekl dk iz;ksx djosQ 'kCn&jpuk djus dk iz;kl Hkh djrs gSaA



milxZ”kjk crkb, rks 'kCn osQ vkjaHk esa tqM+dj u, 'kCn cukus okys 'kCnka'k milxZ dgykrs gSaA mnwZ Hkk"kk osQ nks milxZ gSaµ^cs* rFkk ^[kq'k*A ^mi*µmiukeA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa 1- (d) [kyuk;d ([k) vU;k; (x) vi'koqQu (?k) mi&jk"Vªifr (Ä) xSjgkf”kj (p) oqQiq=k (N) lqxa/ (t) v/ejk (>) HkjisV 2- (d) fu"dke] voxq.kksa] ijksidkjA ([k) vugksuh] vk'kadk] fuMjA 3- (d) vfr µ vR;f/d] vfr'k; ([k) lq µ lqoaaQB] lqfopkj (x) [kq'k µ [kq'kgky] [kq'kuqek (?k) vo µ voufr] vorkj (Ä) v µ viyd] vKku 4- (d) vpwd ([k) miou (x) ijkt; (?k) nq?kZVuk (Ä) vuknj 5- (d) ifj $ ozQek ([k) ij $ v/hu (x) ijk $ ftr (?k) lq $ iq=k (Ä) vo $ xq.k (p) ge $ 'kDy (N) cn $ g”keh (t) mu $ pkl (>) vfr $ vkpkj (×k) vfr $ fjDr

”kjk lksfp, rks Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

djosQ nsf[k, gkj µ migkj] lagkj] izfrgkj] izgkj Hkko µ vHkko] izHkko] LoHkko] nqHkkZo uke µ miuke] cnuke] xqeuke] vuke t; µ vt;] ijkt;] fot;] lqt;

22

izR;;

”kjk crkb, rks

'kCn osQ var esa tqM+dj u, 'kCn cukus okys 'kCnka'k izR;; dgykrs gSaA ;s nks izdkj osQ gksrs

gSaaµo`Qr izR;; rFkk rn~f/r izR;;A

^vkowQ*µi<+kowQ] yM+kowQA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) ?kcjkgV ([k) xkM+hoku (x) yM+kbZ

(?k) nw/okyk (Ä) lkfgR;dkj] fp=kdkj

2- (d) vkoV µ fy[kkoV µ r#"k us lqanj fy[kkoV esa i=k fy[kkA

([k) iu µ cpiu µ cpiu osQ fnu lnk ;kn vkrs gSaA

(x) bZyk µ ”kgjhyk µ ukx cgqr ”kgjhyk gksrk gSA

(?k) bd µ ukfod µ ukfod us ukSdk fdukjs ij yxk nhA

3- (d) cukjl $ bZ ([k) ”kgj $ bZyk (x) p<+ $ vkok

(?k) viuk $ Ro (Ä) i<+ $ vkowQ

4- (d) ysunkj ([k) ifBr (x) ltuk

(?k) iFkjhyk (Ä) Nfy;k (p) HkqyDdM+

”kjk lksfp, rks

ifjiw.kZrk vKkurk midkjh

ifj $ iw.kZ $ rk v $ Kku $ rk mi $ dkj $ bZ

djosQ nsf[k,

euh"k tkurk Fkk fd og ijh{kk esa liQyrk ugha ik ldrkA lkjk lky mlus ykijokgh dh FkhA ekrk&firk ls viekfur gksus dk Mj FkkA ;g lkspdj mldk eu O;fFkr gks x;kA mls bl gky esa cSBk ns[kdj ek¡ us mls izksRlkgu nsrs gq, dgk] ¶csVk] nq[kh er gksA ;fn rqeus lkyHkj i<+kbZ dh gksrh rks ;g gky u gksrkA leL;k dk lekuk djksA eqlhcr ls eq¡g eksM+uk dk;jrk gSA

23

lekl

”kjk crkb, rks 'kCnksa osQ lewg dks laf{kIr djosQ u;k 'kCn cukus dh izfozQ;k ^lekl* dgykrh gSA deZ/kj; lekl esa iwoZ rFkk mRrj&in esa fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks"; dk laca/ gksrk gSA blosQ foijhr

cgqozhfg lekl esa nksuksa in iz/ku ugha gksrs] dksbZ vU; in iz/ku gksrk gSA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) ?kqM+lokj ([k) n'kkuu (x) frjaxk (?k) tUeka/ (Ä) jkrksajkr

2- (d) pkj Hkqtkvksa dk lekgkj µ n~foxq lekl ([k) ik¡p vkuu gSa ftlosQ µ cgqozhfg lekl (x) ik¡p vkcksa dk lewg µ n~foxq lekl (?k) pkj eq[k gSa ftlosQ µ cgqozhfg lekl (Ä) ik¡p ra=kksa dk lekgkj µ n~foxq lekl (p) rhu iQyksa dk lekgkj µ n~foxq lekl

3- (d) ?kksM+s ij lokj µ rRiq#"k lekl ([k) Hkyk gS tks ekul µ deZ/kj; lekl (x) jkr vkSj fnu µ n~oan~o lekl (?k) ukS jkrksa dk lekgkj µ n~foxq lekl (Ä) lqanj ykspu gSa tks µ deZ/kj; (p) xt osQ leku vkuu gS ftldk µ cgqozhfg

4- (d) nsoky; µ rRiq#"k lekl ([k) frjkgk µ n~foxq lekl (x) egknso µ cgqozhfg lekl (?k) HkjisV µ vO;;hHkko lekl (Ä) ;'k&vi;'k µ n~oan~o lekl (p) gkFkksa&gkFk µ vO;;hHkko lekl


djosQ nsf[k, Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

24

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk


fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % laKk fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; laKk dh igpku rFkk iz;ksx fl[kkukA

Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k ,oa ys[ku ij cyA


laKk ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kukA


lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj ÝyS'k dkMZ~l] pkVZ vkfnA

iwoZKku ijh{kk iwoZKku ijh{kk osQ fy, f'k{kd Nk=kksa ls ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk è;kuiwoZd i<+us vkSj le>us ds fy, dgsaxsA rRi'pkr ml ij d{kk esa ppkZ djsaxsA

Nk=kksa ls dgsa fd os vuqPNsn ls O;fDr] oLrq] LFkku] Hkko vkfn osQ uke crk,¡A

larks"ktud mRrj ikdj 'kh"kZd dh ?kks"k.kk djsaxsA

vè;kid ';keiV ij mifo"k;@'kh"kZd fy[ksaxsA

f'k{k.k&laosQr f'k{kd ^eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k* dh lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA



laKkNoun 7

25


fu"d"kZ Nk=k laKk dh igpku rFkk Hksnksa dks ukekafdr djus esa leFkZ gSaA os Hkkookpd laKk cukuk Hkh lh[k x, gSaA



”kjk crkb, rks fdlh O;fDr] oLrq] izk.kh] LFkku] Hkko vkfn osQ uke dks laKk dgrs gSaA laKk ds rhu Hksn gksrs gSaA

O;fDrokpd laKk 'kCn fdlh fo'ks"k izk.kh] oLrq LFkku vkfn dk cks/ djkrs gSaA blosQ foijhr tkfrokpd laKk 'kCn fdlh izk.kh] oLrq] LFkku vkfn dh laiw.kZ tkfr dh tkudkjh nsrs gSaA

rksrk & tkfrokpd laKk] feV~Bw & O;fDrokpd laKkA

lqnaj & lqnajrk] 'kkar & 'kkafrA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa 1- (d) ([k) (x)

(?k) (Ä)

2- (d) O;fDrokpd laKk & jk;iqj] ;equk] Hkxrflag] usgk] jhrs'k

([k) tkfrokpd laKk & ioZr] oL=k] Nk=kk] eNyh] Hkou

3- (d) dkjhxjh ([k) xq#Ro (x) thr (?k) Bxh

(Ä) eerk (?k) 'k=kqrk (N) gkj (t) /qykbZ

(>) viukiu (×k) ykyh (V) dBksjrk (B) ;ksX;rk

4- (d) BaM ([k) ltkoV (x) gksf'k;kjh

(?k) flapkbZ (Ä) Øks/

5- (d) xqykc & tkfrokpd laKk] lqxa/ & Hkkookpd laKk

([k) yM+dksa & tkfrokpd laKk] gksyh & O;fDrokpd laKk

(x) Hkkjr & O;fDrokpd laKk] ns'k & tkfrokpd laKk

26

(?k) pqVoqQyk & tkfrokpd laKk] g¡lh & Hkkookpd laKk

(Ä) gkfFk;ksa & tkfrokpd laKk] >qaM & tkfrokpd laKk (lewgokpd)

(p) ikuh µ tkfrokpd laKk (nzO;okpd)

6- (d) fgeky; ([k) c`gLifr (x) phu (?k) iz'kkar egklkxj

(Ä) ,f'k;k



27

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk


fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % ¯yx fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; ¯yx dh igpku] Hksn rFkk fu;eksa dh tkudkjh nsukA Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i osQ Kku rFkk iz;ksx ij cyA Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodkl djukA ¯yax ij vk/kfjr vH;kl&iz'u gy djus esa l{ke cukukA jpukRedrk tkxzr djukA


iwoZKku ijh{kk Nk=k ^¯yx* ls iwoZ ifjfpr gSaA iwoZKku ijh{kk osQ fy, f'k{kd Nk=kksa ls ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk è;kuiwoZd i<+us vkSj djus osQ fy, dgsaxsA

rRi'pkr ml ij Nk=kksa osQ lkFk ppkZ djasxsA

larks"ktud mRrj ikdj 'kh"kZd dh ?kks"k.kk djsaxsA

f'k{k.k&laosQr f'k{kd ^eSa vkSj esjk O;kdj.k* dh lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA




fu"d"kZ Nk=k izk.kh] oLrq] LFkku vkfn osQ ¯yx dh igpku dj ldrs gSaaA ¯yx cnyus osQ fu;eksa ls ifjfpr gks pqosQ gSa rFkk ¯yx cnyus esa leFkZ gSaA

fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl&dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV 'kks/u djsaA

fyaxGender 8

28


”kjk crkb, rks L=kh ;k iq#"k tkfr dk cks/ djkus okys 'kCn ¯yx dgykrs gSaA fØ;k osQ :i ls ¯yx dh igpku dh tk ldrh gSA ikBdµikfBdk] ohjµohjkaxukA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa 1- iq¯Yyx L=kh¯yx (d) pkoy I;kyh ([k) Hkkjr] tiku µ (x) jfo uhjk (?k) tky unh (Ä) Nk=k Nk=kk

2- (d) ([k) (x) (?k) (Ä) + 3- (d) f'kf{kdk d{kk esa i<+k jgh gSaA ([k) vk;q"erh Hko! (x) Å¡Vuh jsfxLrku dk tgk”k gSA (?k) ikfBdkvksa us ikB dh iz'kalk dhA (Ä) lsBkuh us cgqr 'kksj epk;kA

4- (d) lsfodk ([k) yM+fd;ksa (x) nknk (?k) xk;d (Ä) xq.koku

5- (d) nsojkuh ([k) eknk Hkkyw (x) lR;orh (?k) yykbu (M-) :iorh (?k) banzk.kh (N) 'ksjuh (t) HkkHkh (>) Hkhyuh (×k) ysf[kdk


djosQ nsf[k,

iq¯Yyx L=kh¯yx

dkdk] ykyk] dku] ea=kh] ?kj] dkty] ikmMj] dk¡Vs] la=kh] fo/k;d] Hkkjr] uj] ek;dk] llqjky] daMDVj

yykbu] nqdku] ukd] ljdkj] ukjh] lokjh] felky] cl

29

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk


fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % opu fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; opu dh igpku] iz;ksx rFkk opu cnyus osQ fu;eksa dh tkudkjhA

Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i osQ Kku rFkk iz;ksx ij cyA


opu ij vk/kfjr vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kus nsus esa le{k cukukA


iwoZKku ijh{kk Nk=k ^opu* ls iwoZ ifjfpr gSaA muosQ iwoZKku dks vk/kj cukdj mUgsa ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* djus osQ fy, dgsaA

rRi'pkr Nk=kksa osQ lkFk ml ij ppkZ djsaA muosQ fopkj tkusaA

f'k{k.k&laosQr f'k{kd lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA




fu"d"kZ Nk=k opu osQ :iksa rFkk opu cnyus osQ fu;eksa ls ifjfpr gks pqosQ gSaA os opu cny ldrs gSa rFkk mudk O;kogkfjd iz;ksx Hkh dj ldrs gSaA

opuNumber 9

30

fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV 'kks/u djsaA


”kjk crkb, rks

'kCn osQ ftl :i ls mldh la[;k dh tkudkjh feyrh gS] og opu dgykrk gSA

,dopu rFkk cgqopuA

ikuh] o"kkZA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) ekyk,¡ ([k) cgusa (x) 'kk[kk,¡ (?k) #i;s (Ä) ;qok (?k) iqfM+;k (N) ydfM+;k¡ (t) i{kh

(>) cqf<+;k¡ (×k) ½rq,¡

2- (d) v¡èksjs dejs esa eksecfRr;k¡ ty jgh gSaaA

([k) yM+osQ eSnku esa nkSM+ jgs gSaA

(x) lSfud ny dnerky dj jgk gSA

(?k) d{kkvksa esa ia[ks can dj nksA

(Ä) Nk=kx.k ijh{kk,¡ ns jgs gSaA

3- (d) ckyVh esa ikuh Hkj x;kA ([k) fon~;k cqn~f/erh L=kh gSA

(x) mldh vk¡[kksa ls vk¡lw fudy x,A (?k) mlosQ izk.k fudy x,A

(Ä) ehjk dks vusd migkj feysA

4- (d) if{k;ksa ([k) tkfr;ksa] /eks± (x) nq?kZVuk,¡ (?k) nqdkuksa

(Ä) ufn;ksa

”kjk lksfp, rks

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

djosQ nsf[k,

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

31

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk


fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % dkjd fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; dkjd dh igpku] Hksn rFkk O;kogkfjd iz;ksx fl[kkukA

Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i dk Kku rFkk iz;ksxA



dkjd ij vk/kfjr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kus dk vH;kl djokukA


iwoZKku ijh{kk iwoZKku ijh{kk osQ fy, f'k{kd Nk=kksa ls ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraaHk dks

è;kuiwoZd i<+us vkSj le>us osQ fy, dgsaxsA

rRi'pkr ml ij d{kk esa ppkZ djsaxsA

larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij 'kh"kZd rFkk mn~ns';ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djsaxsA

f'k{k.k&laosQr f'k{kd ';keiV ij 'kh"kZd fy[ksaxsA

rRi'pkr lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB

è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA






dkjdCase 10

32

fu"d"kZ Nk=k lHkh dkjd&fpg~uksa dks igpku ldrs gSa rFkk mudk iz;ksx djus esa Hkh leFkZ gSaA



”kjk crkb, rks

laKk ;k loZuke osQ ftl :i ls mldk laca/ fozQ;k ls tkuk tkrk gS] og dkjd dgykrk gSA dkjd osQ vkB Hksn gksrs gSaA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- osQ µ laca/ dkjd] esa µ vf/dj.k] us µ drkZ dkjd] osQ µ laca/ dkjd] esa µ vf/dj.k dkjd] osQ µ laca/ dkjd] dk µ laca/ dkjd] osQ µ laca/ dkjd] ij µ vf/dj.k dkjd] dh µ laca/ dkjd ls µ dj.k dkjd 2- (d) osQ fy, µ euq"; osQ fy, oqQN Hkh vlaHko ugha gSA ([k) ij µ Nr ij dkyk dkSvk dk¡o&dk¡o dj jgk gSA (x) ls µ uohu lk¡i ls Mjrk gSA (?k) ls µ fdlku gy ls [ksr tksrrk gSA (Ä) dks µ Nk=k vè;kid dks mRrj iqfLrdk fn[kkus yxkA 3- (d) ls] osQ ([k) us] dks (x) vjs (?k) ls (Ä) osQ fy, (p) ls (N) us] dks 4- (d) ls ([k) us] esa (x) ij (?k) osQ fy, (Ä) ls (p) vjs 5- (d) dj.k ([k) vf/dj.k (x) dj.k (?k) viknku (Ä) drkZ] deZ (p) laiznku



33

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk


fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % loZuke fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; loZuke dks Hksnksa osQ vk/kj ij igpkuukA

loZuke dk O;kogkfjd iz;ksxA


loZuke ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kukA


iwoZKku ijh{kk Nk=k ^loZuke* ls iwoZ ifjfpr gSaA muosQ iwoZKku dks vk/kj cukrs gq, vè;kid

mUgsa ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk dks è;kuiwoZd i<+us le>us vkSj djus osQ fy,

dgasaA

rRi'pkr ml ij d{kk esa ppkZ djsaA Nk=kksa n~okjk larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij

mifo"k; rFkk mn~ns';ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djsaA

f'k{k.k&laosQr f'k{kd lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB

è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA






loZukePronoun 11

34

fu"d"kZ Nk=k ljyrk ls loZuke 'kCnksa dks igpku ldrs gSa rFkk mUgsa Hksnksa osQ vk/kj

ij ukekafdr dj ldrs gSaaA os loZuke osQ O;kogkfjd iz;ksx esa Hkh l{ke gSaA



”kjk crkb, rks

laKk osQ LFkku ij iz;ksx fd, tkus okys 'kCn loZuke dgykrs gSaA

Nk=k Lo;a crk,¡xsA

tc loZuke 'kCn drkZ osQ lkFk viukiu izdV djus osQ fy, iz;ksx fd, tkrs gSaA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) ge µ mRre iq#"kokpd loZuke

([k) esjh µ mRre iq#"kokpd loZuke

(x) oqQN µ vfu'p;okpd loZuke

(?k) vius&vki µ futokpd loZuke 2- (d) tks] og ([k) dksbZ (x) vki (?k) geus

(Ä) vius&vki@Lo;a@[kqn

3- (d) rqeus fdls viuk usrk pquk gS\

([k) eq>s rqels dksbZ eryc ugha gSA

(x) ;gk¡ ns[kks] fdlh osQ iSjksa osQ fu'kku fn[k jgs gSaA

(?k) ftlus [kkuk ugha [kk;k] mls l”kk feyhA

4- (d) futokpd ([k) iq#"kokpd (x) fu'p;okpd (?k) laca/okpd

5- (d) NksVk cPpk vius&vki lks x;kA ([k) rqEgsa D;k pkfg,\

(x) tks dguk ekusxk] og lkFk tk,xkA (?k) eq>s [kkus osQ fy, oqQN ns nhft,A

”kjk lksfp, rks

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

djosQ nsf[k,

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

35

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk


fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % fo'ks"k.k fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; fo'ks"k.k dh igpku] iz;ksx rFkk Hksnksa dh tkudkjh nsukA

Hkk"kk&Kku iq"V djukA


fo'ks"k.k ij vk/kfjr vH;kl dk;Z djukA



iwoZKku ijh{kk Nk=k ̂ fo'ks"k.k* ls iwoZ ifjfpr gSaA muosQ iwoZKku dks vk/kj cukrs gq, vè;kid mUgsa ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk dks è;kuiwoZd i<+us le>us vkSj djus osQ fy, dgasaA

rRi'pkr ml ij d{kk esa ppkZ djsaA Nk=kksa n~okjk larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij Nk=kksa dks crk,¡ fd oSQlk vkSj fdrus dh tkudkjh nsus okys ;s 'kCn fo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA

f'k{k.k&laosQr vè;kid@vè;kfidk ';keiV ij 'kh"kZd fy[ksaxs vkSj mn~ns';ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djsaxsA

rRi'pkr lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA




fo'ks"k.kAdjective 12

36

fu"d"kZ Nk=k fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dks igpku ldrs gSa rFkk mUgas Hksnksa osQ vuqlkj ukekafdr dj ldrs gSaA fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dk O;kogkfjd iz;ksx Hkh lh[k jgs gSaA



”kjk crkb, rks

laKk@loZuke 'kCnksa dh fo'ks"krk izdV djus okys 'kCn loZuke dgykrs gSaA

fo'ks";A

tks laKk 'kCn osQ LFkku ij vkrs gSa] os loZuke 'kCn gksrs gSa] blosQ foijhr tks loZuke 'kCn

laKk ls igys vkdj mldh fo'ks"krk izdV djrs gSa] os lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.kµ (d) nks lkS yhVj (x) oqQN iQy] oqQN ehVj

la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k µ ([k) nks ntZu] lkS #i;s (?k) nl g”kkj (Ä) ik¡p

2- (d) Øks/h ([k) HkqyDdM+ (x) pk¡nuh (?k) vxyk

(Ä) ge&lk (p) ioZrh;

3- (d) mRrekoLFkk ([k) ewykoLFkk (x) mRrekoLFkk (?k) mRrjkoLFkk

(Ä) ewykoLFkk (p) ewykoLFkk

4- fuf'pr ifjek.kokpd µ (d) nks ,dM+ ([k) ik¡p fdyks (Ä) vkB ehVj

vfuf'pr ifjek.kokpd µ (x) oqQN yhVj (?k) FkksM+k (p) FkksM+k&lk

5- (d) cM+h] goknkj] 'kkar ([k) lqanj] jax&fcjaxk] [kq'kcwnkj

(x) fo'kky] fueZy] ioZrh; (?k) Å¡pk] fo'kky] gjk&Hkjk

(Ä) n;kyq] ifjJeh] bZekunkj

”kjk lksfp, rks

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

djosQ nsf[k,

vè;kid@vè;kfidk osQ ekxZn'kZu esa Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

37

vH;kl iz'u&i=kµ1

1- (d) O;kdj.k ([k) fyfi (x) nsoukxjh (?k) Hkk"kk (Ä) fyf[kr

2- (d) o~Q$½$i~$vk ([k) i~$v$j~$bZ$o~Q$"k~$vk (x) e~$v$g~$v$j~$"k~$b (?k) p~$va$p~$v$y~$v

3- (d) fo'ks"k ([k) iM+ksl (x) fu"iQy (?k) ijh{kk

(Ä) o`Qik (p) jpf;rk

4- (d) mn~?kkVuµO;atu laf/ ([k) ukfodµv;kfn laf/

(x) laoknµO;atu laf/

5- (d) uhyk oaQB gS ftldk µ cgqozhfg lekl ([k) ukS jkrksa dk lekgkj µ n~foxq lekl

(x) 'kfDr osQ vuqlkj µ vO;;hHkko lekl

6- (d) vuq µ vuqlkj] vuqowQy ([k) Ro µ iq#"kRo] ukjhRo

(x) izfr µ izfrgkj] izfrowQy (?k) iwoZd µliQyrkiwoZd] fou;iwoZd

7- rRle µ nqX/] x`g rn~Hko µ [ksr] pk¡n

ns'kt µ FkSyk] ixM+h fons'kh µ LVs'ku] lkbfdy

;kSfxd µ ikB'kkyk] jlksbZ?kj ;ksx:<+ µ n'kkuu] iadt

8- (d) ok;q µ lehj] iou ([k) jktk µ u`i] ujs'k

9- (d) fujk'kk ([k) lkSHkkX; (x) mrjko (?k) izkphu

10- (d) uhj µ uhj osQ fcuk thou vlaHko gSA uhM+ µ laè;k osQ le; i{kh uhM+ dks ykSV pysA

([k) 'kksd µ nknk th dh e`R;q ij 'kksd lHkk dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA 'kkSd µ jktIik dks fVdV tek djus dk 'kkSd gSA

11- (d) vk¡xu µ tkfrokpd laKk_ gd vkSj cgkj µ Hkkookpd laKk ([k) dkx”k] ph”ksa µ tkfrokpd laKk_ ltkoV µ Hkkookpd laKk (x) xka/h th µ O;fDrokpd laKk_ lEeku µ Hkkookpd laKk

(?k) <ksyk&ek: µ O;fDrokpd laKk_ jktLFkku µ O;fDrokpd laKk

38

12- (d) Vksihokyk] xkM+hoku ([k) i<+kowQ] Fkdku

(x) lqanjrk] cqn~f/ekuh (?k) cgknqjh

13- (d) drkZ] deZ ([k) lacks/u (x) deZ] viknku (?k) laiznku

14- mUgksaus] mudh] mlus µ vU; iq#"kokpd loZuke

eSa] eq>s µ mRre iq#"kokpd loZuke

vki µ eè;e iq#"kokpd loZuke

D;k µ iz'uokpd loZuke

oqQN µ vfu'p;okpd loZuke

15- (d) oqQN µ vfuf'pr la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k ([k) ubZ µ xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k (x) nks fdyks µ fuf'pr ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.k (?k) Ng µ fuf'pr la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k

39

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk


fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % fØ;k fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; fozQ;k dh igpku] iz;ksx rFkk Hksnksa dh tkudkjh nsukA


Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk fodkl

fozQ;k ij vk/kfjr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kukA

fozQ;k osQ O;kogkfjd iz;ksx ij cyA


iwoZKku ijh{kk Nk=k ^fozQ;k* ls iwoZ ifjfpr gSaA muosQ iwoZKku dks vk/kj cukrs gq, vè;kid mUgsa ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk dks è;kuiwoZd i<+us le>us vkSj djus osQ fy, dgasaA

rRi'pkr ml ij d{kk esa ppkZ djsaA Nk=kksa n~okjk larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij Nk=kksa dks crk,¡ fd oSQlk vkSj fdrus dh tkudkjh nsus okys ;s 'kCn fo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA




fØ;kVerb 13

40



fu"d"kZ Nk=k fozQ;k 'kCnksa dks ljyrk ls igpku ldrs gSa rFkk vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij mlosQ Hksnksa dks ukekafdr Hkh dj ldrs gSaA fozQ;k 'kCnksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dj ikrs gSaA



”kjk crkb, rks

'kCn osQ ftl :i ls fdlh dke osQ gksus ;k djus dk cks/ gks] og fozQ;k dgykrk gSA

deZ osQ vk/kj ij fozQ;k osQ nks Hksn gksrs gSaµvdeZd rFkk ldeZd fozQ;kA

ldeZd fozQ;k dh igpku osQ fy, fozQ;k ls igys D;k@fdls yxkdj iz'u djus ls ;fn mRrj feyrk gS] rc fozQ;k ldeZd gksrh gSA

n~fodeZd fozQ;k osQ mnkgj.k Nk=k Lo;a nsaxsA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) i<+uk ([k) cSBk (x) /ksrk (?k) fxjrk] cgrh

(Ä) jksus

2- (d) vdeZd fozQ;k ([k) vdeZd fozQ;k

(x) ldeZd fozQ;k (?k) vdeZd fozQ;k

(Ä) vdeZd fozQ;k (p) vdeZd fozQ;k

(N) ldeZd fozQ;k (t) ldeZd fozQ;k

(>) vdeZd fozQ;k (×k) ldeZd fozQ;k

41

3- drkZ fozQ;k

(d) ek/oh vk,xh

([k) johanz fd;k

(x) nsokax j[k fn;k

(?k) o`n~/k py jgh gS

(Ä) vkjk/uk fy[krh gS

4- deZ fozQ;k

(d) uhrw] lkM+h dh

([k) lC”kh dVokrk gS

(x) [khj cuk jgh gS

(?k) isM+ p<+ x,

(Ä) iqLrosaQ i<+ha

”kjk lksfp, rks

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

djosQ nsf[k,

Nk=k Lo;a djsaA

42

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk


fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % dky fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; dky dh igpku rFkk Hksnksa dh tkudkjh nsukA

dky ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj nsus esa l{ke cukukA





iwoZKku ijh{kk iwoZKku ijh{kk osQ fy, f'k{kd Nk=kksa ls ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk è;kuiwoZd i<+us vkSj le>us osQ fy, dgsaA rRi'pkr ml ij d{kk esa ppkZ djsaA

Nk=kksa ls vkl&ikl osQ okrkoj.k ls oqQN mnkgj.k nsrs gq, iz'u iwNsaaA larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij 'kh"kZd rFkk mn~ns'; dh ?kks"k.kk djsaA






dkyTense 14

43

fu"d"kZ Nk=k rhuksa dkyksa dks ljyrk ls igpku ldrs gSaa rFkk mudk O;kogkfjd iz;ksx Hkh dj ldrs gSaaA dky osQ Hksnksa dks igpkudj mUgsa ukekafdr Hkh dj ldrs gSaA



”kjk crkb, rks dky gesa dke osQ gksus osQ le; dh tkudkjh nsrk gSA dky osQ rhu Hksn gksrs gSaA HkwrdkyA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) [kifPp;ksa ls rjg&rjg dh Vksfi;k¡ Hkh cukbZ tkrh FkhaA ([k) fL=k;k¡ lewg esa xk,¡xhA (x) mnwZ] ¯gnh ;k vaxzs”kh lh[ksus osQ fy, rqEgsa mlosQ v{kj lh[kus gksaxsA (?k) iyd us i<+kbZ esa viuh cgu dh enn dhA (Ä) og ifjJe djrk gS] blfy, liQy gSA

2- (d) djrs jgrs Fks µ Hkwrdky µ ldeZd fozQ;k ([k) ns[k jgs gSa µ orZeku dky µ ldeZd fozQ;k (x) xw¡t mBk µ Hkwrdky µ ldeZd fozQ;k (?k) gksrk gS µ orZekudky µ vdeZd fozQ;k (Ä) dj yh gS µ orZekudky µ ldeZd fozQ;k 3- bu lkjh xfrfof/;ksa ls vutku NksVw vkxs c<+ jgk gSA tkus dgk¡ ls flikgh nkSM+s pys vk jgs

gSa vkSj mldks idM+dj okil NksM+ jgs gSaA ?kj ij ek¡ mldk bar”kkj dj jgh gSA cl] vc mldh [kSfj;r ugha gSa mlosQ ikik ugha gS] rks mldk cpko eqf'dy gSA

4- (d) lqukrh ([k) [kk;k (x) ns[kh (?k) vk, (Ä) tk,¡xsA



44

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk


fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % vfodkjh 'kCn fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; vfodkjh 'kCnksa dh igpku rFkk iz;ksx fl[kkukA

Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ :i ij cy nsukA

Hkk"kkbZ dkS'kyksa dk iz;ksx djukA

ikB ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kukA


iwoZKku ijh{kk iwoZKku ijh{kk osQ fy, vè;kid Nk=kksa ls ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk dks è;kuiwoZd i<+us vkSj le>dj mRrj fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaxsA

rRi'pkr ml ij Nk=kksa osQ lkFk ppkZ djsaxsA

larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij 'kh"kZd rFkk mn~ns'; dh ?kks"k.kk djsaxsA






vfodkjh 'kCnIndeclinable Words

15

45

fu"d"kZ Nk=k fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k] laca/cks/d] leqPp;cks/d rFkk foLe;kfncks/d 'kCnksa dks igpku ldrs gSa vkSj mUgsa ukekafdr Hkh dj ldrs gSaA mudk O;kogkfjd iz;ksx djus dk iz;kl vkSj vH;kl Hkh djrs gSaA

fujh{k.k Nk=kksa n~okjk fd, x, vH;kl&dk;Z dh LrjkuqowQy tk¡p djsa vkSj =kqfV 'kks/u djsaA


fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k

”kjk crkb, rks fozQ;k dh fo'ks"krk izdV djus okys 'kCn fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k dgykrs gSaA

fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k osQ pkj Hksn gksrs gSaA

fo'ks"k.k 'kCn laKk@loZuke 'kCnksa dh fo'ks"krk crkrs gSa] tcfd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k 'kCn fozQ;k dh fo'ks"krk crkrs gSaA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa 1- (d) /hjs&ls ([k) uhps (x) jksuh (?k) Mjrs&Mjrs

2- (d) ukxjktu us 'kh?kz gh x`gdk;Z lekIr dj fy;kA

([k) ckgj lqfer [kM+k gSA

(x) vHkh gesa FkksM+k Bgjuk pkfg,A

(?k) vpkud o"kkZ gksus yxhA

3- (d) ckgj µ LFkkuokpd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k] tYnh ls µ jhfrokpd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k]

Åij µ LFkkuokpd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k] nqckjk µ jhfrokpd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k

rs”kh ls µ jhfrokpd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k] >V µ jhfrokpd fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k]

4- (d) ckgj ([k) osQ Åij

(x) /hjs&/hjs (?k) fou;iwoZd

(Ä) tYnh ls] vanj] ,d vksj] uhps

46

laca/cks/d

”kjk crkb, rks

laca/cks/d 'kCn nks laKk@loZuke 'kCnksa esa laca/ crkrs gSaA

lac/acks/d 'kCn nks laKk@loZuke 'kCnksa esa laca/ crkrs gSa] blosQ foijhr fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k 'kCn fozQ;k 'kCnksa dh fo'ks"krk crkrs gSaA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa 1- (d) osQ Hkhrj ([k) osQ ikl (x) osQ Åij (?k) osQ lkFk

(Ä) ls vf/d

2- osQ Åij] osQ lkeus] osQ Åij] osQ fcuk

3- (d) cPpks! ?kj ls nwj er tkukA

([k) ;k=kh rkykc dh vksj py iM+sA

(x) lkgl osQ fcuk eqlhcr dk lkeuk ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

(?k) Hkhe osQ leku cyoku dksbZ ugha gSA

(Ä) Mj osQ ekjs uhye osQ ik¡o dk¡ius yxsA

leqPp;cks/d

”kjk crkb, rks Nk=k ifBr ikB osQ vk/kj ij nksuksa iz'uksa osQ mRrj Lo;a nsaxsA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa 1- (d) vU;Fkk ([k) vkSj (x) ijarq (?k) ;k (Ä) rks (p) fd

2- rks] vkSj] ysfdu] blfy,] fd] tks] rFkk

3- (d) ek/o fon~;ky; ugha x;k] D;ksafd mls cq[kkj gSA

([k) ekU;k uhfyek osQ iM+ksl esa ugha] cfYd mlosQ lkFk gh jgrh gSA

(x) iadt vFkkZr iad esa mRiUuA

(?k) dhM+s dks ijs'kku er djks] ojuk dkV ysxkA

(Ä) vki esjs ?kj pysaxs ;k ugh\

47

foLe;kfncks/d

”kjk crkb, rks eu osQ Hkkoksa lsA

g"kZ] nq[k] 'kksd] vk'p;Z] ?k`.kk] lacks/u] iz'kalk vkfnA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) mi+ Q! ([k) vjs! (x) okg! (?k) fN%! (Ä) 'kkck'k!

2- (d) D;k! rqeus ml cPps dks ekjk gS\

([k) cki js! bruk cM+k lk¡iA

(x) okg! fdruk lqanj fp=k gSA

(?k) vgk! fdruk vPNk ekSle gSA

3- (d) lko/ku! µ psrkouh

([k) nqj~! µ frjLdkj

(x) vjs! µ vk'p;Z

(?k) cgqr [kwc! µ iz'kalk

(Ä) vgk! µ g"kZ

4- (d) gk;&gk;! cgqr nnZ gks jgk gSA

([k) NksM+ks Hkh! eSa bls le>k nw¡xk lcA

(x) lp! D;k chekjh gS ;gA

(?k) okg! rqeus rks [kwc vPNk ifj.kke fn;kA

(Ä) th gk¡! psgjk ,dne li+ sQn iM+ x;k gSA

”kjk lksfp, rks

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

djosQ nsf[k,

osQ fudV] osQ lkeus] vkSj] izseiwoZd] ijarq] rHkh] vkSj] osQ lkeus] vkSj] ls ckgj] osQ izfr]

D;ksafd] izfrfnu] ¯drq] ijarq

48

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk


fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % okD; fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; okD; jpuk rFkk okD; osQ Hksnksa ls ifjp;A

Hkk"kk osQ 'kqn~/ Kku rFkk iz;ksx ij cyA


okD; ij vk/kfjr vH;kl&iz'u djukA

okD; osQ O;kogkfjd iz;ksx dks n`<+ djukA


iwoZKku ijh{kk Nk=k ^okD;* ls iwoZ ifjfpr gSa] mlh iwoZKku dks vk/kj cukrs gq, Nk=kksa ls ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk dks è;kuiwoZd i<+us osQ fy, dgsaA

rRi'pkr Nk=kksa ls ml ij d{kk esa ppkZ djsaA

larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij 'kh"kZd rFkk mn~ns'; dh ?kks"k.kk djsaA






okD;Sentence 16

49

fu"d"kZ Nk=k okD; esa mn~ns'; rFkk fo/s; dks ljyrk ls igpku ldrs gSaA okD; dks jpuk rFkk vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij ukekafdr dj ldrs gSaA lkFk gh okD;&jpuk dk

vH;kl Hkh djrs gSaA



”kjk crkb, rks

'kCnksa osQ lkFkZd esy lsA

mn~ns'; vkSj fo/s;A

jpuk vkSj vFkZ osQ vk/kj ijA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) lkFkZd ([k) in (x) nks] mn~ns';] fo/s;

(?k) fo'ks"k.k (Ä) deZ osQ fo'ks"k.k] fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k

2- (d) jktIik ukxjktu osQ ?kj igq¡pdj Åij x;kA

([k) mlus ,d&,d djosQ fVdV tek fd, FksA

(x) vc varfj{k ;ku ls ,d ;kaf=kd gkFk ckgj fudykA

(?k) NksVw osQ ikik lksp esa Mwc x,A

(Ä) vc rd nqfu;k esa djksM+ksa iqLrosaQ Ni pqdh gSaaA

3- mn~ns'; fo/s;

(d) euq"; us µ rk¡cs vkSj dk¡ls osQ vkS”kkj cuk,A

([k) osQ'ko µ bl isphnk loky dk tokc oqQN nsj rd u ns ldkA

(x) eksgu µ Hkyk dc i<+us okyk gSA

(?k) deh”k ls vk¡lw iksaNrk jktIik µ uhps vk x;kA

4- (d) ukxjktu nkSM+dj jktIik osQ ikl igq¡pkA

([k) varfj{k ;ku mM+dj panzek ij igq¡pkA

(x) osQ'ko us Vksdjh dks ,d Vguh ls fVdkrs gq, >q¡>ykdj dgkA

(?k) v{kjksa ls cuh fyfi;ksa dk egRo gSA

50

5- (d) fu"ks/kRed ([k) laosQrokpd (x) vkKkokpd (?k) iz'uokpkd

(Ä) fo/kuokpd (p) foLe;okpd (N) lansgokpd

6- (d) 'kk;n og i<+ jgk gSA ([k) rqe ogk¡ ugha tkvksxsA

(x) vkius Hkkstu dj fy;kA (?k) vkidh gjsd bPNk iwjh gksA

(Ä) rqe fon~;ky; tkvksA (p) vjs! e`nqy [ksyrk gSA

(N) ;fn rqe ifjJe djksxs] rks izFke LFkku izkIr djksxsA

7- (d) esjs ikik ,d lqanj cSx yk, gSaA

([k) fpfM+;k dk ?kksalyk gS vkSj mlesa nks vaMs gSaA

(x) esjs ?kj osQ ikl tks ck”kkj gS] og cgqr cM+k gSA

”kjk lksfp, rks

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

djosQ nsf[k,

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

51

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk


fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % v'kqn~/ okD;ksa dk 'kks/u fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; okD; esa gksus okyh v'kqn~f/;ksa dh tkudkjh nsukA

v'kqn~f/;ksa dks nwj djuk fl[kkukA

okD;kas dks 'kqn~/ :i esa fy[kus dk vH;kl djukA




iwoZKku ijh{kk f'k{kd Nk=kksa ls ikB osQ vkajHk esa fn, x, ̂ tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk dks è;kuiwoZd i<+us vkSj le>us osQ fy, dgsaA

rRi'pkr oqQN vU; v'kqn~/ okD; cksydj muls iwNsa fd okD; esa D;k v'kqn~f/;k¡ gSaA tSlsµ

µ eSaus esjk dke dj fy;kA

µ jfookj osQ fnu ikB'kkyk can gksrh gSA

larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij 'kh"kZd rFkk mn~ns';ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djsaA




v'kqn~/k okD;ksa dk 'kks/ku

Correction of Incorrect Sentences

17

52



fu"d"kZ Nk=k okD; esa gksus okyh lk/kj.k v'kqn~f/;ksa dks igpku ldrs gSa rFkk mUgsa

'kqn~/ :i esa cksyus rFkk fy[kus esa Hkh leFkZ gSaA



”kjk crkb, rks

v'kqn~/ mPpkj.k vkSj inozQe dh tkudkjh u gksukA

¯yx] opu] dky] dkjd vkfn dkA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) esjh ,d fiz; fe=k us eq>s migkj fn;kA

([k) esjs MkWDVj HkkbZ ls lcus bykt djok;kA

(x) fi+ QYe ns[kus osQ fy, ge lc 'kgj tk,¡xsA

(?k) esys esa vusd yksx vk, FksA

(Ä) mlus xktj dkVdj [kjxks'k dks f[kykbZA

2- f'k{kd dh lgk;d ls Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

”kjk lksfp, rks

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

djosQ nsf[k,

;g xfrfof/ Nk=k vius fe=kksa osQ lkFk Lo;a djosQ ns[ksaxsA

53

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk


fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % fojke&fpg~u fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; fojke&fpg~uksa osQ egRo rFkk Hksnksa ls ifjp;A

fojke&fpg~uksa dk mfpr iz;ksx fl[kkukA


fojke&fpg~u ij vk/kfjr fofo/ vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj fy[kokukA



iwoZKku ijh{kk Nk=k ^fojke&fpg~u* ls iwoZ&ifjfpr gaS] muosQ iwoZKku dks vk/kj cukdj ikB osQ vkjaHk esa fn, x, ^tqfM+, vkSj lef>,* LraHk dks è;kuiwoZd i<+us vkSj le>us osQ fy, dgsaA

mlh izdkj osQ oqQN vU; mnkgj.k Nk=kksa dks nsa_ tSlsµ#dks] er tkvks@ #dks er] tkvksA

Nk=kksa ls iwNsa fd nksuksa okD;ksa osQ vFkZ esa D;k varj gS\

larks"ktud mRrj feyus ij 'kh"kZd rFkk mn~ns'; dh ?kks"k.kk djsaA



fojke&fpg~uPunctuation

18

54






fu"d"kZ Nk=k fojke&fpg~uksa osQ eq[; Hksnksa dks igpkuus rFkk ukekafdr djus esa leFkZ gks

pqosQ gSaA os fojke&fpg~uksa dk mfpr iz;ksx Hkh dj ldrs gSaA



”kjk crkb, rks #dukA

bdgjk mn~/j.k fpg~uµiqLrd osQ uke] 'kh"kZd] miuke] inoh vkfn osQ lkFkA

nksgjk mn~/j.k fpg~uµizfln~/ dFku] dgkor] laokn vkfn osQ lkFkA

tgk¡ iz'u iwNk tk,A

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) cgqr&cgqr /U;okn! vc eq>s pyuk pkfg,A

([k) fon~;kfFkZ;ksa us lc dke iwjk dj fy;k gSA

(x) esjs firk dk uke MkWú gfjeksgu gSA

(?k) osQ'ko fon~okuksa tSls xoZ ls dgrk] ¶ugha jh ixyh! igys ij fudysaxsA cxSj ijksa osQ

cspkjs oSQls mMsa+xs\¸

(Ä) gekjs ns'k esa rjg&rjg osQ Hkkstu] rjg&rjg dh iks'kkosaQ izpfyr gSaA

2- ,d taxy esa ,d dkSvk vkSj fgj.k iDosQ nksLr FksA ,d fnu xhnM+ dh u”kj fgj.k ij iM+h]

rks og lkspus yxk fd vxj bldk ekal [kkus dks fey tk,] rks fdruk e”kk vk tk,A xhnM+

55

cM+k /wrZ Fkk] og fgj.k dks iQ¡lkus dh ;kstuk cukus yxkA og tkurk Fkk fd fgj.k lh/s

rjhosQ ls dkcw esa ugha vk,xk] blfy, nksLr cudj gh mls vius tky esa iQ¡lk;k tk,A ;g

lkspdj fgj.k xhnM+ osQ ikl x;k vkSj I;kj ls cksyk] ¶dgks fe=k] oSQls gks\ vkt rqe cgqr

fnuksa ckn fn[kkbZ fn, gksA¸ fgj.k xhnM+ dks ns[kdj cgqr Hk;Hkhr gks x;k vkSj ?kcjkdj cksyk]

¶vjs HkkbZ! rqe dkSu gks\ eSa rqEgs ugha tkurkA¸

3- (d) bdgjk mn~/j.k fpg~u ([k) nksgjk mn~/j.k fpg~u

(x) foLe;kfncks/d fpg~u (?k) iz'uokpd fpg~u

(Ä) yk?ko fpg~u (p) ;kstd fpg~u

”kjk lksfp, rks

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

djosQ nsf[k,

f'k{kd osQ ekxZn'kZu ,oa lg;ksx ls Nk=k Lo;a djosQ ns[ksaxsA

56

ikB ;kstuk

f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk


fo"k; % ¯gnh vof/ % ----------------------

mifo"k; % eqgkojs rFkk yksdksfDr;k¡ fnukad % ----------------------

mn~ns'; eqgkojs rFkk yksdksfDr;ksa osQ egRo dks le>kukA

eqgkojs rFkk yksdksfDr;ksa esa varj rFkk muosQ vFkZ le>kuk vkSj O;kogkfjd iz;ksx

fl[kkukA



lgk;d lkexzh lhúMhú] iqLrd pkWd] MLVj] oaQI;wVj@izkstsDVj vkfnA oqQN eqgkojs rFkk yksdksfDr;ksa osQ fp=kAiwoZKku ijh{kk Nk=k eqgkojksa ls iwoZ ifjfpr gSaAa muosQ iwoZKku dks vk/kj cukdj ^tqfM+, vkSj

lef>,* LraHk è;kuiwoZd i<+us osQ fy, dgsaA rRi'pkr eqgkojksa osQ fp=k fn[kkdj Nk=kksa ls iwNsa fd mUgsa bu fp=kksa esa D;k fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS\ fiQj mUgsa crk,¡ fd bu fp=kksa dk oqQN fo'ks"k vFkZ izdV gks jgk gSA

'kh"kZd rFkk mn~ns';ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djsaAf'k{k.k&laosQr vè;kid@vè;kfidk ';keiV ij 'kh"kZd fy[ksaxs vkSj mn~ns';ksa dh ?kks"k.kk djsaxsA rRi'pkr lhúMhú pykdj Nk=kksa dks ikB fn[kk,¡ vkSj lquok,¡A Nk=kksa ls ikB

è;kuiwoZd lquus vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, dgsaA chp&chp esa lhúMhú jksddj ikB le>k,¡ vkSj Nk=kksa ls NksVs&NksVs iz'u iwNsa

vkSj mudh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djsaA ikB lekIr gksus ij vH;kl&iz'uksa ij ppkZ djsa vkSj lhúMhú esa fn, x,

vH;kl&iz'u Nk=kksa ls djok,¡A rRi'pkr iqLrd esa fn, x, vH;kl&iz'uksa osQ mRrj Nk=kksa ls fy[kus osQ fy, dgsaA

eqgkojs rFkk yksdksfDr;k¡Idioms and Proverbs 19

57

fu"d"kZ Nk=k vf/drj eqgkojksa vkSj yksdksfDr;ksa osQ vFkZ crkrs gSa rFkk mudk O;kogkfjd iz;ksx djus esa leFkZ gSaA



”kjk crkb, rks eqgkojs fo'ks"k vFkZ crkus okys okD;ka'k gSaA yksxksa n~okjk dgha xbZ mfDrA eqgkojksa dk Lora=k iz;ksx ugha fd;k tk ldrk] yksdksfDr;ksa dk Lora=k iz;ksx gksrk gSA

vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) euh"k rks fpduk ?kM+k gS] ml ij ek¡ dh ckrkas dk dksbZ vlj ugha fn[kkbZ nsrkA ([k) ns[krs gh ns[krs ?kksM+k gok ls ckrsa djus yxkA (x) lSfudksa us tku ij [ksydj ns'k dh j{kk dhA (?k) vIiw us ,yce [kksus ij jkbZ dk igkM+ cuk fn;kA (Ä) dkO;k us tYnck”kh fn[kkdj lc xqM+ xkscj dj fn;kA

2- (d) Å¡V osQ eq¡g esa thjk ([k) ?kksM+s cspdj lks jgs gks (x) jkbZ dk igkM+ cuk fn;k (?k) ?kj dk Hksnh yadk <k,

3- (d) ew[kZ cukuk ([k) ”kcjnLrh laca/ cukuk (x) ,d tSls LoHkko okys yksxkas dk feyuk (?k) cqjh rjg gjkuk (Ä) Hkkx tkuk (p) xq.k de] fn[kkok vf/d

4- (d) ukd esa ne djuk] ukd dVuk ([k) vk¡[kksa dk rkjk] vk¡[ksa fn[kkuk (x) ck,¡ gkFk dk [ksy] gkFk rax gksuk (?k) dku dk dPpk] dkuksa ij t¡w u jsaxuk

5- Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

”kjk lksfp, rks

Nk=k Lo;a djsaxsA

djosQ nsf[k,

vè;kid@vè;kfidk osQ ekxZn'kZu ,oa lg;ksx ls Nk=k ;g xfrfof/ d{kk esa djsaxsA

58


vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) i<+us dh vis{kk cSBs jgus osQ dkj.kA

([k) mudh ehBh vkSj Hkksyh ckrksa ij [kq'k gksdjA

(x) ys[kd bl dFku n~okjk izo`Qfr vkSj ekuo osQ izse dks izdV dj jgk gSA

(?k) isM+ osQ cgqr iqjkus gksus osQ dkj.kA

(Ä) viusiu] lEeku vkSj izse dk HkkoA

2- (d) lkgl dk thouA ([k) lkgliw.kZ vkuan dh meax gh mRlkg gSA

(x) deZ&lkSan;Z osQ mikldA (?k) ;qn~/ohj] nkuohj] n;kohj bR;kfnA

(Ä) ;qn~/ohjrkA

3- (d) Hkkjrµ½rqvksa dk ns'kA

([k) i`Foh n~okjk lw;Z dh ifjozQek djus osQ dkj.kA

(x) Ng ½rq,¡A

(?k) iQkYxqu vkSj pS=kA

(Ä) f'kf'kj ½rq esaA

4- (d) okil ykSVus dhA ([k) lw;Z vkSj panzA

(x) vfrfFk lsA (?k) vius Kku dkA

(Ä) Kku fdlh dh cikSrh ugha gSA

5- (d) lRrk&izkfIr djuk ,oa fof'k"V oxZ esa igq¡pukA

([k) Lora=krk osQ i'pkr~ ls ghA

(x) ns'k dk izR;sd ukxfjd vkSj oxZA

(?k) jktuhfr dk iruA

(Ä) izR;;µrkA

vifBr xn~;ka'kUnseen Prose Passage

20

59


vkb,] vc fy[ksa

1- (d) olar osQ vkxeu ij lalkj lqanj fn[krk gSA

([k) olar Írq osQ vkus ijA

(x) ?kj&vk¡xu gfj;kyh osQ dkj.k lqanj yxrk gSA

(?k) lqxaf/r ,oa 'khry iouA

(Ä) ok;q] lehj] vfuyA

2- (d) firk osQ vkus dhA

([k) ek¡ dg jgh gS fd firk ,d fnu vo'; vk,¡xs vkSj rq>s igpku ysaxsA

(x) ek¡ osQ vuqlkj firk lcls vuks[kh oLrq yk,¡xsA

(?k) iq=k firk osQ lkFk ?kweus tkus dh ckr lkspdj izlUu gSA

(Ä) ek¡ dks iqjkus fnu u ykSV vkus dk nq[k gSA

3- (d) 'okl jksx iSQyk jgs gSaA

([k) ok;qA

(x) izk.kok;q vFkkZr vkWDlh”ku nsrs gSaA

(?k) 'kgjksa dk xank ikuhA

(Ä) lgh mik;ksa dks viukdj rFkk isM+ yxkdjA

4- (d) le; osQ ckjs esaA

([k) nq[k vkSj la?k"kZ

(x) cgkus cukrk jgrk gSA

(?k) vkylhA

(Ä) vPNk le; vFkok lq[k Hkjk le;A

uksVµvU; lHkh ikBksa osQ mRrj Nk=k viuh jpukRedrk osQ vk/kj ij Lo;a fy[ksaxsA

vifBr in~;ka'kUnseen Poem Passages

21

60

vH;kl iz'u&i=kµ2

1- (d) lafnX/ Hkwrdky ([k) orZeku dky

2- (d) ldeZd ([k) vdeZd (x) vdeZd (?k) ldeZd

(Ä) vdeZd (p) vdeZd (N) ldeZd (t) ldeZd

3- (d) vpkud ([k) osQ lkFk (x) ojuk (?k) 'kkck'k (Ä) osQ Åij

4- (d) Kku de] fn[kkok vf/d ([k) dke fcxkM+uk

(x) [krjs dk vkHkkl gksuk (?k) vius ikl dh oLrq dk egRo u le>uk

5- (d) bl dkO;ka'k esa esgur osQ egRo vkSj feydj dke djus dh ckr dh tk jgh gSA

([k) HkkX; esa fy[kk gqvkA

(x) enn djukA

(?k) esgur ls u Mjus dh ckr dh xbZ gSA

(Ä) lkFkh gkFk c<+kukA

6- orZeku f'k{kk iz.kkyh vO;kogkfjd gSA tks iqLrdh; Kku ij cy nsrh gS] O;kogkfjd Kku ij

ugha] blfy, izR;sd f'kf{kr O;fDr ukSdjh gh ikuk pkgrk gSA

7- Nk=k Lo;a fy[ksaxsA

8- laosQr ¯cnqvksa dh lgk;rk ls Nk=k Lo;a fy[ksaxsA

61

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

uke % -------------- d{kk % -------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % -------------- iw.kk±d

ozQekad % -------------- fnukad % -------------- vfHkHkkod % -------------- 20

1- Hkk"kk osQ fdu :iksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS\

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- Hkk"kk lh[kus esa O;kdj.k D;k Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gS\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- fyfi fdls dgrs gSa\

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4- mfpr 'kCnksa n~okjk fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,µ

(d) o.kZ osQ ------------------------- Hksn gksrs gSaA

([k) lkfgR; dh ------------------------- fo/k,¡ gSaµ ------------------------- rFkk -------------------------

(x) {k] =k] K vkSj J -------------------------- O;atu gSaA

(?k) Hkkjrh; lafo/ku esa ------------------------- Hkk"kkvksa dks ekU;rk nh xbZ gSA

(Ä) ------------------------- dks ^fo'o ¯gnh fnol* euk;k tkrk gSA

(p) Li'kZ O;atuksa dh la[;k ------------------------- gSA

5- la;qDrk{kj vkSj n~foRo O;atu esa varj Li"V dhft,µ

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

62

6- fuEufyf[kr o.kks± dks feykdj 'kCn fuekZ.k dhft,µ

(d) l~$va$r~$vk$u~$v = ------------------------------------

([k) j~$vk$"k~$V~$j~$v = ------------------------------------

(x) o~$b$t~$×k~$vk$u~$v = ------------------------------------

(?k) v$o~Q$"k~$v$j~$v = ------------------------------------

(Ä) i~$j~$v$Hk~$vk$r~$v = ------------------------------------

([) o~$b$n~$;~$vk = ------------------------------------

7- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ

(d) dof;=kh = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) vkxzg- = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) Jqrys[k = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) izkFkZuk = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

63

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fuEufyf[kr rRle 'kCnksa osQ rn~Hko :i fyf[k,µ

(d) nqX/ µ -------------------------- ([k) nar µ --------------------------

(x) d.kZ µ -------------------------- (?k) liZ µ --------------------------

2- rn~Hko 'kCnksa osQ rRle :i fyf[k,µ

(d) uhan µ -------------------------- ([k) [ksr µ --------------------------

(x) thHk µ -------------------------- (?k) ekrk µ --------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,µ

(d) bPNk µ ------------------ ------------------ ([k) vkx µ ------------------ ------------------

(x) ok;q µ ------------------ ------------------ (?k) igkM+ µ ------------------ ------------------

4- uhps fn, x, Jqfrle&fHkUukFkZd 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ fyf[k,µ

(d) yksV µ -------------------------- ([k) fnu µ --------------------------

ykSV µ -------------------------- nhu µ --------------------------

(x) fpj µ -------------------------- (?k) x`g µ --------------------------

phj µ -------------------------- xzg µ --------------------------

(Ä) 'kksd µ -------------------------- (p) o`Qfr µ --------------------------

'kkSd µ -------------------------- o`Qrh µ --------------------------

64

5- fn, x, okD;ksa esa js[kkafdr 'kCnksa osQ fy, okD;ka'k fyf[k,µ

(d) gekjs ?kj esa nks ekfld if=kdk,¡ vkrh gSaA -------------------------------

([k) uhyk vkdk'k vuar gSµ -------------------------------

(x) lHkh iz'u vfuok;Z gSµ -------------------------------

(?k) laoknnkrk lekpkj lqukus yxkA -------------------------------

6- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dks 'kqn~/ djosQ iqu% fyf[k,µ

(d) Ja[kyk ¾ -------------------------- ([k) nzf"V ¾ --------------------------

(x) vk'pZ; ¾ -------------------------- (?k) perdkj ¾ --------------------------

8- laf/ dhft,µ

(d) jktk $ vkKk ¾ -------------------------- ([k) uj $ banz ¾ --------------------------

(x) fir` $ vkKk ¾ -------------------------- (?k) iks $ b=k ¾ --------------------------

(Ä) us $ vu ¾ -------------------------- (p) egk $ mRlo ¾ --------------------------

(N) fu% $ jl ¾ -------------------------- (t) le~ $ lkj ¾ --------------------------

65

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3



1- dks"Bd esa fn, x, 'kCnksa dh Hkkookpd laKkvksa ls [kkyh LFkku Hkfj,µ

(d) igkM+ dh ------------------------------- rks cM+h dfBu gSA (p<+)

([k) ------------------------------- osQ fnu nksckjk ugh ykSVrsA (cPpk)

(x) vPNh ----------------------------- vkSj ----------------------------- djus osQ fy, ifjJe djuk pkfg,A

(?k) n'kgjh vke dh ------------------------------- Hkqyk, ugha HkwyrhA (ehBk)

(Ä) ladV osQ le; cPps us ------------------------------- fn[kkbZA (cgknqj)

(p) dHkh fdlh ls ------------------------------- u djksA ('k=kq)

2- fn, x, xn~;ka'k esa ls laKk 'kCn Nk¡Vdj mfpr LraHk esa fyf[k,µ

osQ'ko vkSj ';kek osQ ?kj dkfuZl osQ Åij ,d fpfM+;k us vaMs fn;k FkkA osQ'ko vkSj mldh

cgu nksuksa cM+s è;ku ls fpfM+;k dks ogk¡ vkrs&tkrs ns[kk djrsA losjs nksuksa vk¡[k eyrs dkfuZl

osQ lkeus tkrs vkSja fpM+k vkSj fpfM+;k dks ogk¡ cSBk ikrsA mUgsa ns[kus esa nksuksa cPpksa dks D;k

e”kk feyrk fd nw/ vkSj tysch dh lq/ Hkh u jgrh FkhA nksuksa osQ fny esa rjg&rjg osQ

loky mBrs FksA

O;fDrokpd laKk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tkfrokpd laKk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hkkookpd laKk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- dks"Bd esa fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ ¯yx ifjofrZr djosQ fjDr LFkku Hkfj,µ

(d) ------------------------------- vius cPpksa dh ns[kHkky djrh gSA (¯lg)

([k) u;uk ,d vkKkdkjh ------------------------------- gSA (f'k";)

66

(x) ------------------------------- ls pkj dne dh nwjh j[kuh pkfg,A (xk;)

(?k) egknsoh oekZ ,d izfln~/ ------------------------------- FkhaA (dfo)

(Ä) ------------------------------- iwQyksa dh ekyk cuk,xhA (ekyh)

(p) xjhcksa osQ lkFk ------------------------------- us /ks[kk fd;kA (lqukfju)

4- opu ifjofrZr dhft,µ

(d) Nk=k ¾ -------------------------- ([k) iqLrd ¾ --------------------------

(x) vè;kid ¾ -------------------------- (?k) fpfM+;k ¾ --------------------------

(Ä) uhfr ¾ -------------------------- (p) feBkbZ ¾ --------------------------

(N) i{kh ¾ -------------------------- (t) vki ¾ --------------------------

(>) phaVh ¾ -------------------------- (×k) xq# ¾ --------------------------

67

dk;Z&if=kdkµ4



1- js[kkafdr 'kCnksa esa ¯yx] opu] dkjd vkSj laKk&Hksn crkb,µ

¯yx opu dkjd laKk&Hksn

(d) olar iapeh ij ge irax mM+k,¡xsA ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------

([k) fp=kk us mikluk ls iz'u iwNkA ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------

(x) gyokbZ dks FkksM+h phuh pkfg,A ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------

(?k) fufr'k cl ls fxj iM+kA ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------

2- mfpr dkjd&fpg~u Hkjdj okD; iwjs dhft,µ

(d) fdlku gy ------------------------------- [ksr tksrrk gSA

([k) ek/qjh ------------------------------- firk vkt vkxjk tk,¡xsA

(x) ijh{kd Nk=kksa ------------------------------- iz'u&i=k ck¡Vus yxkA

(?k) ek¡ ------------------------------- Hkkstu cukdj es”k ------------------------------- j[k fn;kA

3- js[kakfdr loZuke 'kCnksa osQ Hksn crkb,µ

(d) vkiosQ ?kj ij dksbZ vk;k gSA --------------------------------------------

([k) tks i<s+xk] og liQy gksxkA --------------------------------------------

(x) gekjk Hkh ;gh fopkj gSA --------------------------------------------

(?k) eq>s ;gh f[kykSuk pkfg,A --------------------------------------------

68

4- loZuke laca/h xyfr;ksa dks nwj djosQ okD; nqckjk fyf[k,µ

(d) oks osQ eu esa pksj gSA

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([k) rqe rqEgkjk dke D;ksa ugha djrs\

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) viu dk ?kj vHkh nwj gSA

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) tks dks i<+kbZ djuh gS] og dj ysA

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5- lHkh dkjdksa osQ uke vkSj muosQ fpg~u fyf[k,µ

dkjd fpg~u

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69

dk;Z&if=kdkµ5



1- loZuke 'kCn js[kkafdr dhft, vkSj Hksn dk uke fyf[k,µ

(d) rqEgkjs cLrs esa D;k gS\ --------------------------------------------

([k) efgek D;k [kk,xh\ --------------------------------------------

(x) Nr ij dksbZ rks p<+k gksxkA --------------------------------------------

(?k) lquhrk us vius fe=k dks i=k fy[kkA --------------------------------------------

(Ä) og m/j x;k gSA --------------------------------------------

2- fo'ks"k.k Hksnksa osQ uke rFkk muosQ miHksnksa osQ uke fyf[k,µ

fo'ks"k.k osQ Hksn miHksn

------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- fn, x, fo'ks";ksa osQ fy, mfpr fo'ks"k.k fyf[k,µ

fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";

(d) xq.kokpd ---------------------- dkSvk

([k) fuf'pr la[;kokpd ---------------------- osQys

70

(x) vfuf'pr la[;kokpd ---------------------- lsc

(?k) fuf'pr ifjek.kokpd ---------------------- pkoy

(Ä) vfuf'pr ifjek.kokpd ---------------------- phuh

(p) lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k ---------------------- yM+dk

4- js[kkafdr fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa osQ Hksn fyf[k,µ

(d) bl ?kj esa ik¡p lnL; jgrs gSaA --------------------------------------------

([k) esjs oqQjrs esa pkj ehVj diM+k yxsxkA --------------------------------------------

(x) ohj flikgh dks ohjrk iqjLdkj feykA --------------------------------------------

(?k) lHkk esa lSdM+ksa yksx vk, FksA --------------------------------------------

(Ä) esjs fe=k vkt ugha vk,A --------------------------------------------

71

dk;Z if=kdkµ6



1- dks"Bd esa fn, x, fozQ;k 'kCnksa osQ mfpr :i fjDr LFkkuksa esa Hkfj,µ

(d) lcosQ lkFk feydj Hkkstu -------------------------------A (djuk)

([k) NqV~Vh gksrs gh ?kj ------------------------------- tkukA (ykSVuk)

(x) u;k cLrk ek¡ us ------------------------------- gSA (fnyokuk)

(?k) uo&o"kZ vkjaHk gks ------------------------------- A (tkuk)

(Ä) cksMZ ij Vkbe&Vscy ------------------------------- gSA (fy[kuk)

(p) jatu us igys gh fnu nks fe=k -------------------------A (cukuk)

(N) eq>s oqQN fdrkcsa ------------------------------- gaSA ([kjhnuk)

(t) lsB th us e”knwj dks #i;s -------------------------------A (nsuk)

2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa deZ osQ vk/kj ij fozQ;k osQ Hksn fyf[k,µ

(d) ckny ns[kdj eksj ukpus yxkA --------------------------------------------

([k) dy eSa nsj rd lksrk jgkA --------------------------------------------

(x) eq>s ikyd&iuhj cgqr ilan gSA --------------------------------------------

(?k) esjs lkFk iqLrdky; rd pyksA --------------------------------------------

(Ä) nknh cPpksa dks dgkuh lqukus yxhA --------------------------------------------

(p) gok rs”k cg jgh FkhA --------------------------------------------

72

3- rkfydk iwjh dhft,µ

orZeku dky Hkwrdky Hkfo";dky

vkt ikuh cjlsxkA

dy esjk tUefnu FkkA

eSa dgkuh i<+ jgk gw¡A

D;k rqEgkjs firk th pys x, Fks\

dy LowQy can jgsxkA

4- Hkwrdky osQ Hksnksa osQ uke fyf[k,µ

------------------------------------ ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------

------------------------------------ ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------

5- Hkfo";r~ dky esa cnydj okD; nqckjk fyf[k,µ

(d) gkFkh cgqr rs”k nkSM+ jgk FkkA

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([k) vkleku esa jax&fcjaxh iraxsa mM+ jgh gSaA

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73

dk;Z&if=kdkµ7



1- v/wjs okD;ksa dks fozQ;kfo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa n~okjk iwjk djosQ Hksnksa osQ uke fyf[k,µ

Hksn

(d) igkM+ksa osQ ----------------------- ci+ ZQ teh gSA --------------------------------------------

([k) ----------------------- [kkvks ----------------------- ip tk,A --------------------------------------------

(x) efgyk ----------------------- xkus yxhA --------------------------------------------

(?k) ----------------------- er p<+ksA --------------------------------------------

(Ä) ----------------------- cksyuk ykHknk;d gksrk gSA --------------------------------------------

(p) vki ----------------------- vk tkb,A --------------------------------------------

(N) ----------------------- fctyh pedus yxhA --------------------------------------------

(t) rqEgsa ----------------------- le>kuk iM+sxkA --------------------------------------------

2- leqPp;cks/d 'kCnksa ls fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,µ

(d) rqe BaMk yksxs ----------------------- xje\

([k) vHkh ls rS;kjh dj yks] ----------------------- nsj gks tk,xhA

(x) rqe ifjJeh gks] ----------------------- izFke vk, gksA

(?k) ,d f[kykM+h us 'krd cuk;k] ----------------------- ge eSp u thr ik,A

(Ä) vxj rqEgsa Bhd gksuk gS ----------------------- nok [kkuk ”k:jh gSA

(p) ljnh esa oqQYi+ Qh er [kkvks] ----------------------- chekj gks tkvksxsA

3- foLe;kfncks/d 'kCnksa n~okjk okD; iwjs dhft,µ

(d) -----------------------! lkeus ls cl vk jgh gSA

([k) ----------------------! fdruk xank ?kj gSA

(x) ----------------------! cgqr nnZ gks jgk gSA

(?k) ----------------------! lehj dks pksV yx xbZA

(Ä) ----------------------! fdruh BaMh gok py jgh gSA

(p) ----------------------! rqeus rks deky gh dj fn;kA

74

dk;Z&if=kdkµ8



1- okD; osQ vaxksa osQ uke fyf[k,A

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- okD; oSQls curk gS\ vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij okD; osQ fdrus Hksn gSa\

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- fn, x, okD;ksa ls mn~ns'; vkSj fo/s; vyx dhft,µ

mn~ns'; fo/s;

(d) eSnku esa >wys yxs gSaA ---------------------- ----------------------

([k) lehjk esa vusd xq.k gSaA ---------------------- ----------------------

(x) jktk us ohjrkiwoZd ;qn~/ thrkA ---------------------- ----------------------

(?k) cPps dgk¡ tk jgs gSa\ ---------------------- ----------------------

(Ä) lqanj cPpk lks jgk gSA ---------------------- ----------------------

4- okD;ksa dks 'kqn~/ djosQ nqckjk fyf[k,µ

(d) rqejk dke iwjk ugha gq, D;k\

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

75

([k) euu osQ ikl ek=k osQoy ipkl #i;s gSaA

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) eSaus vfHku; dh f'k{kk lh[kh gSA

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) rqEgkjk i<+kbZ oSQlk py jgk gS\

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) chekj vkneh dk izk.k fudy x;kA

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5- fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa osQ vFkZ fyf[k,µ

(d) m¡xyh ij ukpuk = ----------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) vDy ij iRFkj iM+uk = ----------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) dku dk dPpk gksuk = ----------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) dej dluk = ----------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) vkdk'k&ikrky ,d djuk = ----------------------------------------------------------------------

76

dk;Z&if=kdkµ9



1- xjeh ls jkgr igq¡pkus okys ^'kjcr* osQ fy, jaxhu vkSj vkd"kZd foKkiu cukb,µ

2- ijh{kk ls oqQN fnu iwoZ pksjh gqbZ oqQN dkWfi;ksa dh pksjh gksus ij iz/kukpk;Z dks i=k fyf[k,A

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77

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3- ^cjlkr dk igyk fnu* ij 80&100 'kCnksa eas vuqPNsn fyf[k,A

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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4- vius fe=k dks bZ&esy fy[kdj vius tUefnu ij vkus dk fuea=k.k nhft,A

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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78

dk;Z if=kdkµ10



1- fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+rs gq, iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ mRrj nhft,µ

MkWú vCnqy dyke ,d ,sls O;fDr Fks] ftUgsa ns'k osQ ;qokvksa ij iwjk Hkjkslk FkkA mudk ekuuk

Fkk fd og ;qok tks ns'k izse dh Hkkouk ls vksr&izksr gS] ftldk efLr"d Kku ls Hkjk gS]

mlosQ fy, NksVk y{; j[kuk Hkh dksbZ vijk/ ugha gSA ogh ns'k dk lgh fn'kk esa fodkl dj

ldrk gSA muosQ vuqlkj i`Foh dk lcls 'kfDr'kkyh lalk/u ;qokvksa dk rstLoh efLr"d gSA

;gh dkj.k Fkk fd os cPpksa] fd'kksjksa rFkk ;qokvksa ls lh/k laioZQ djus osQ volj dHkh ugha

NksM+rs FksA ;qokvksa dh&lh LiwQfrZ j[kus okys] ckydksa tSlk ljy eu j[kus okys MkWú dyke

u osQoy ubZ ih<+h dks izsfjr djrs Fks] cfYd muls vius ns'k dks iw.kZ fodflr jk"Vª cukus

dk iz.k Hkh ysrs FksA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd oqQN Hkh vlaHko ughaA ;fn ge fu'p; dj ysa]

rks ge os lkjs dke Hkh ljyrk ls dj ldrs gSa] tks gesa dfBu yxrs gSaA ,d le; Fkk tc

euq"; osQoy mM+us dh dYiuk&ek=k dj ldrk Fkk] ij jkbV ca/qvksa us mM+us dk liuk ns[kk

vkSj ml lius dks lkdkj dj fn[kk;kA mlh rjg ge pkgsa rks gj dke dj ldrs gSaA

(d) MkWú dyke dks fdl ij lcls ”;knk Hkjkslk Fkk\

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) mudh n`f"V esa i`Foh dk lcls 'kfDr'kkyh lalk/u D;k Fkk\

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) mMus dk LoIu fdlus iwjk dj fn[kk;k\

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) MkWú dyke osQ eu dh rqyuk fdlls dh xbZ gS\

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

79

(Ä) xn~;ka'k ls lekukFkZd 'kCn fyf[k,µ ladYi] Hkwfe

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2- fuEufyf[kr in~;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+rs gq, iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ mRrj nhft,µ

iwjc ls if'pe rd iSQyh]

ftldh ioZrekyk gSA

;gh fgeky; viuh mRrj]

lhek dk j[kokyk gSA

fge dk eqoqQV 'kh'k ij /jrk]

vkleku ls ckrsa djrkA

lwjt dh Lof.kZe fdj.kksa esa]

bldk txex :i fu[kjrkA

dy&dy cgrs fu>Zj ty esa]

blus ve`r Mkyk gSA

;gh fgeky; viuh mRrj]

lhek dk j[kokyk gSA

(d) iwjc ls if'pe rd fdldh ioZrekyk iSQyh gS\

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([k) fgeky; us vius flj ij D;k yxk j[kk gS\

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) fgeky; dk Lo:i fdlesa vkSj oSQls fu[kjrk gS\

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) in~;ka'k ls lekukFkZd 'kCn fyf[k,µ>juk] ih;w"kA

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(Ä) o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µLof.kZeA

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80

dk;Z&if=kdkµmRrjkoyh

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

1- Hkk"kk osQ ekSf[kd rFkk fyf[kr :i dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA blosQ vfrfjDr laosQrksa osQ n~okjk

Hkh ckrphr dh tk ldrh gSA

2- O;kdj.k gesa Hkk"kk dks 'kqn~/ :i esa cksyuk] fy[kuk vkSj i<+uk fl[kkrk gSA ;g Hkk"kk osQ fu;e

cukrk gSA

3- eq[k ls fudyh èofu;ksa dks fy[kus dk <ax fyfi dgykrk gSA

4- (d) nks ([k) nks] xn~;] in~; (x) la;qDr (?k) ckbZl

(Ä) 10 tuojh (p) iPphl

5- tc ,d Loj jfgr O;atu nwljs Loj lfgr O;atu osQ lkFk vkrk gS rc la;qDrk{kj dgykrk

gSA tSlsµeD[ku] 'kfDr vkfnA

tc ,d gh O;atu nks ckj ,d lkFk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA igyk O;atu Loj osQ fcuk rFkk

nwljk Loj osQ lkFk gksrk gS] rc og n~foRo O;atu dgykrk gS_ tSlsµiDdk] xUuk vkfnA

6- (d) larku ([k) jk"Vª (x) foKku (?k) v{kj

(Ä) izHkkr (p) fon~;k

7- (d) o~Q$v$o~$v$;~$b$r~$j~$bZ ([k) vk$x~$j~$v$g~$v

(x) 'k~$m$r~$v$y~$,$[k~$v (Ä) i~$j~$vk$j~$Fk~$v$u~$vk

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- (d) nw/ ([k) nk¡r (x) dku (?k) lk¡i

2- (d) funzk ([k) {ks=k (x) ftg~ok (?k) ekr`

3- (d) vfHkyk"kk] dkeuk ([k) vfXu] vuy (x) lehj] iou (?k) ioZr] ux

4- (d) ysVuk] okil ([k) fnol] xjhc (x) iqjkuk] oL=k (?k) ?kj] u{k=k

(Ä) nq[k] #fp (p) jpuk] fuiq.k

5- (d) izR;sd ekl vkus okyh ([k) ftldk dksbZ var u gks

(x) ftls djuk vko';d gks (?k) lekpkj nsus okyk

81

6- (d) Ük`a[kyk ([k) n`f"V (x) vk'p;Z (?k) peRdkj

7- (d) jktkKk ([k) ujsanz (x) fi=kkKk (?k) ifo=k

(Ä) u;u (p) egksRlo (N) uhjl (t) lalkj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- (d) p<+kbZ ([k) cpiu (x) fy[kkbZ] i<+kbZ (?k) feBkl

(Ä) cgknqjh (p) 'k=kqrk

2- O;fDrokpd laKkµosQ'ko] ';kek

tkfrokpd laKkµcgu] fpfM+;k] fpM+k] cPpksa] nw/] tysch] dkfuZl] vk¡[ksaA

Hkkookpd laKkµè;ku] e”kk] lq/] loky

3- (d) ¯lguh ([k) f'k";k (x) cSy (?k) dof;=kh

(Ä) ekfyu (p) lqukj

4- (d) Nk=kx.k ([k) iqLrosaQ (x) vè;kidx.k (?k) fpfM+;k¡

(Ä) i{kho`an (p) uhfr;k¡ (N) vkiyksx (t) feBkb;k¡

(>) phafV;k¡ (×k) xq#tu

dk;Z&if=kdkµ4

1- (d) L=kh¯yx] ,dopu] deZ dkjd] tkfrokpd laKk

([k) L=kh¯yx] ,dopu] viknku dkjd] O;fDrokpd laKk

(x) iq¯Yyx] ,dopu] laiznku dkjd] tkfrokpd laKk

(?k) L=kh¯yx] ,dopu] viknku dkjd] tkfrokpd laKk

2- (d) ls ([k) osQ (x) dks (?k) us] ij

3- (d) vfu'p;okpd ([k) laca/okpd

(x) mRre iq#"kokpd (?k) fu'p;okpd

4- (d) mlosQ eu esa pksj gSA ([k) rqe viuk dke D;ksa ugha djrs\

(x) gekjk ?kj vHkh nwj gSA (?k) ftls i<+kbZ djuh gS] og dj ysA

82

5- drkZ&us] deZ&dks]

dj.k&ls@osQ n~okjk] laiznkuµosQ fy,@dks]

viknkuµls (vyx gksuk) laca/µdk] osQ] dh@jk] js] jh

vf/dj.kµesa] ij lacks/uµgs] vjs

dk;Z&if=kdkµ5

1- (d) rqEgkjsµiq#"kokpd ([k) D;kµiz'uokpd (x) dksbZµvfu'p;okpd

(?k) viusµfutokpd (Ä) ogµiq#"kokpd

2- (d) xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k

([k) la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.kµfuf'pr la[;kokpd] vfuf'pr la[;kokpd

(x) ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.kµfuf'pr ifjek.kokpd] vfuf'pr ifjek.kokpd

(?k) lkoZukfed@laosQrokpd fo'ks"k.k

3- (d) dkyk ([k) ,d ntZu (x) oqQN (?k) nl fdyks

(Ä) FkksM+h (p) og

4- (d) lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k] fuf'pr la[;kokpd fo'sk"k.k ([k) fuf'pr ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.k

(x) xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k (?k) vfuf'pr la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k

(Ä) lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k

dk;Z&if=kdkµ6

1- (d) djks ([k) ykSV (x) fnyok;k (?k) x;k (Ä) fy[kk (p) cuk, (N) [kjhnuh (t) fn,

2- (d) vdeZd ([k) vdeZd (x) ldeZd (?k) vdeZd (Ä) ldeZd (n~fodeZd) (p) vdeZd

3- (d) vkt ikuh cjl jgk gS] vkt ikuh cjlk Fkk ([k) vkt esjk tUefnu gSA dy esjk tUefnu gksxk (x) eSaus dgkuh i<+h FkhA eSa dgkuh i<¡+wxk (?k) D;k rqEgkjs firk th tk jgs gSa\ D;k rqEgkjs firk th tk,¡xs\ (Ä) vkt LowQy can gSA dy LowQy can FkkA

83

4- lkekU; Hkwr] vklUu Hkwr] iw.kZ Hkwr] viw.kZ Hkwr] lafnX/ Hkwr] gsrqgsrqen~ HkwrA

5- (d) gkFkh cgqr rs”k nkSM+sxkA

([k) vkleku esa jax&fcjaxh iraxsa mMsa+xhA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ7

1- (d) Åij ([k) mruk] ftruk (x) /hjs&/hjs (?k) Åij

(Ä) de (p) Hkhrj (N) vpkud (t) fdruk

2- (d) ;k ([k) ojuk (x) blfy, (?k) ijarq

(Ä) rks (p) vU;Fkk

3- (d) lko/ku ([k) fN% (x) gk; (?k) vjs

(Ä) mi+ Q (p) 'kkck'k

dk;Z&if=kdkµ8

1- okD; osQ nks vax gSaµmn~ns'; rFkk fo/s;A

2- 'kCnksa osQ lkFkZd lewg ls okD; curk gSA vkB Hksn gSaA

3- mn~ns'; fo/s;

(d) >wys eSnku esa yxs gSaA

([k) lehjk esa vusd xq.k gSaA

(x) jktk us ohjrkiwoZd 'kqn~/ thrkA

(?k) cPps dgk¡ tk jgs gSa\

(Ä) lqanj cPpk lks jgk gSA

4- (d) D;k rqEgkjk dke iwjk ugha gqvk\

([k) euu osQ ikl osQoy ipkl #i;s gSaA

(x) eSaus vfHku; dk izf'k{k.k fy;k gSA

(?k) rqEgkjh i<+kbZ oSQlh py jgh gS\

(Ä) chekj vkneh osQ izk.k fudy x,A

84

5- (d) viuh bPNk osQ vuqlkj dke djokukA

([k) oqQN le> u vkukA

(x) fcuk lksps fdlh dh ckr ij fo'okl djukA

(?k) rS;kj gks tkukA

(Ä) cgqr ifjJe djukA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ9

1- Nk=k Lo;a cuk,¡xsA

2- Nk=k Lo;a i=k fy[ksaxsA

3- Nk=k Lo;a vuqPNsn fy[ksaxsA

4- Nk=k Lo;a fy[ksaxsA

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1- (d) MkWú dyke dks ;qokvksa ij iwjk Hkjkslk FkkA

([k) ;qokvksa dk rstLoh efLr"dA

(x) jkbV c/qvksa usA

(?k) ckydksa osQ ljy eu lsA

(Ä) iz.k] i`FohA

2- (d) iwjc ls if'pe rd fgeky; dh ioZrekyk iSQyh gSA

([k) fge dk eqoqQVA

(x) lwjt dh fdj.kksa esa fgeky; dk :i fu[kjrk gSA

(?k) fu>Zj] ve`rA

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