sample copy. not for distribution. · v ys[kd ds ckjs esa esjk tue u;kek ¼pq:½] jktlfkku esa 13...
TRANSCRIPT
ii
Publishing-in-support-of,
EDUCREATION PUBLISHING
RZ 94, Sector - 6, Dwarka, New Delhi - 110075 Shubham Vihar, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh - 495001
Website: www.educreation.in ___________________________________________
© Copyright, Author
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of its writer.
ISBN: 978-93-85247-54-5
Price: ` 420.00
The opinions/ contents expressed in this book are solely of the author and do not represent the opinions/ standings/ thoughts of Educreation.
Printed in India
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
iii
India without Gandhi
¼dk'k] xk¡/kh th iSnk gh ugha gksrs½
gjh’k dqekj çtkir
EDUCREATION PUBLISHING (Since 2011)
www.educreation.in
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
v
ys[kd ds ckjs esa
esjk tUe U;kek ¼pq:½] jktLFkku esa 13 ekpZ] 1989 dks gqvkA eSaus
egkjktk xaxkflag fo”ofo|ky; fcdkusj ls xzstq,”ku ¼B.A.
2010½ fd;k gSA i<+kbZ esa vadksa ds ekeys esa eSa ges”kk vkSlr ntsZ
dk Nk= jgkA eSa VsfDudy ykbZu esa dSfj;j cukuk pkgrk Fkk]
ysfdu fdlh dkj.k eq>s vkVZ~l lCtsDV i<+uk iM+k vkSj eSa
VsfDudy ykbZu esa ugha tk ldkA xzstq,”ku djus ds ckn eSa lsuk
esa vkWfQlj cuuk pkgrk Fkk] ysfdu esjh vaxzsth detksj gksus ds
dkj.k eSa CDS dk Exam ikl ugha dj ldkA xzstq,”ku djus ds
ckn eSa ekcZy o VkbZYl fQfVax dk dke djus yxk] vkSj vkt
Hkh ;gh dke djrk gw¡A 2013 esa lqchrk ls esjh “kknh gks x;hA
2013 esa “kknh gksus ds ckn eSaus fy[kuk “kq: fd;kA ;g esjk
igyk miU;kl gSA eq>s mEehn gS] ;g vkidks T+k:j ilan
vk,xkA
P
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
vii
iqLrd ds ckjs esa
bl miU;kl esa eq[;:i ls Hkkjr esa lkE;oknh@ekvksoknh “kklu
LFkkfir gksus dh dgkuh gSA xk¡/kh th flQZ Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy, gh
ugha cfYd] iwjh nqfu;k ds fy, ,d vkn”kZ gS] ysfdu eSaus xk¡/kh
th dks ,d vyx uT+kfj;s ls ns[kk vkSj ;s miU;kl fy[kkA eSaus
lkspk fd] D;k xk¡/kh th ds fcuk Hkkjrh; jktuhfr vkSj bfrgkl
v/kqjk gSA eSaus lkspk fd] ;fn Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa xk¡/kh th ugha
gksrs rks vkt Hkkjr dgk¡ gksrkA ;g miU;kl i<+us ds ckn vki
bl fo’k; ij T+k:j lksp&fopkj djuk fd] D;k xk¡/kh th
Hkkjrh; Lora=rk ds vlyh fgjks Fks ;k geus mUgsa mudh ;ksX;rk
vkSj dke ls T+;knk bT+tr c[+“k nh\
fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks bfrgkl ls iw.kZ:i ls xk;c djds
dgkuh fy[kuk yxHkx vlaHko gh gSA blfy, eSa ;g ekudj
pyk fd ekpZ 1922 dh ,d jkr xk¡/kh th dh gR;k gks tkrh gSA
muds ckn fdl rjg ls Hkkjr ekvksokn@lkE;okn dh rjQ c<+
tkrk gSA cl ;gh bl miU;kl dh dgkuh gSA
bl miU;kl esa vkidks ,d “kkunkj çse dgkuh Hkh
i<+us dks feysxh] tks vkidks ,glkl fnyk,xh fd] Hkkjr dh
tfVy o :<+hoknh lkekftd vkSj /kkfeZd O;oLFkk esa I;kj djuk
fdruk [krjukd lkfcr gks ldrk gSA
AA /kU;okn AA
P
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
viii
izLrkouk I
21 ekpZ] 1922 dks ,d ,slh ?kVuk ?kVh] ftlus u dsoy Hkkjr
dk bfrgkl cnyk] cfYd Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy Hkh cnykA 21 ekpZ]
1922 dh jkr dks Hkkjr ds Lora=rk vkUnksyu ds vxz.kh usrk
egkRek xk¡/kh dh fnYyh dh lsUVªy tsy esa gR;k dj nh xbZA
xk¡/khth dh gR;k ds ckn Hkkjr ds bfrgkl us dqN bl
rjg ls iyVk [kk;kA
30 tuojh] 1933 dks Hkkjr vktkn gqvkA
eksgEen vyh ftUuk Hkkjr ds izFke iz/kkueU=h rks lqHkk"k
pUnz cksl Hkkjr ds izFke jk"Vªifr cusA
nwljs fo”o;q) esa Hkkjr us vesfjdk dh ukd esa ne dj
fn;k] ftlds ifj.kke Lo:i vesfjdk us 18 vxLr] 1945
dks Hkkjr ds ykgkSj “kgj ij ijek.kq ce fxjk fn;k vkSj
nqfu;k ds UkD”ks ls ykgkSj dk ukeksfu”kku feV x;kA
xk¡/khth dh gR;k ds Bhd 100 lky ckn ;kuh ekpZ
2022 dks lkE;okn ds usr`Ro esa Hkkjr ;gk¡ rd igq¡p x;k & ekpZ
2022 vesfjdk lqj{kk ifj"kn~ esa izLrko ysdj vk;k gS fd] mŸkjh
dksfj;k ds f[kykQ lSfud dkjokbZ dh tkuh pkfg,A dksfj;k
ijek.kq gfFk;kj cukus dh dksf”k”k dj jgk gS vkSj og fo”o”kkfUr
ds fy, [krjk curk tk jgk gSA ;fn vHkh mŸkjh dksfj;k dks ugha
jksdk x;k rks iwjk fo”o fouk”k dh rjQ c< + ldrk gSA
Hkkjr vkSj phu us izLrko dks foVks dj fn;k vkSj
izLrko fxj x;kA
P
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
ix
izLrkouk II
^^flQZ fdl rd gh lhfer jgs ;k dqN vkxs Hkh c<s+\** :ch us
dgkA ^^tc js[kk us esjs ckjs esa vius ifjokj dks crk;k rks]
mUgksaus mlls dgk fd] og ukSdjh NksM+dj ?kj vk tk;sA js[kk us
ukSdjh NksM+us ls badkj dj fn;k] rks mlds ifjokj us mlds
lkeus eq>s ;k ifjokj esa ls fdlh ,d dks pquus dh ”krZ j[khA
js[kk us viuk ifjokj NksM+dj eq>s pqukA eSaus viuh vEeh dks
[kks;k] rks js[kk us vius ifjokj dksA-----------
^^ge nksuksa dk /keZ ,d gksrk rks “kk;n ge nksuksa dks ;g
lc dHkh ugha >syuk i³rkA** & jger us :ch ds loky dks
Vkyrs gq, dgkA
^^vkSj dqN-----\** & :ch us dgkA :ch le> xbZ fd]
jger mlds loky dks Vkyus dksf”k”k dj jgk gSA
^^lxkbZ ds fnu ge nksuksa us “kiFk yh fd] ge nksukas
ftUnxh Hkj mu yksxksa dh enn djsaxs vkSj muds fy, vkokt
mBk;saxs] ftuds /keZ ;k tkfr vyx&vyx gS vkSj “kknh djuk
pkgrs gSaA ”kkfn;ksa ds ekeys esa /keZ vkSj tkfr ds izHkko dks [kRe
djuk gh geus viuh ftUnxh dk edln cuk fy;k] gkykafd
ns”k vHkh Hkh gekjs fy, lcls Åij FkkA**
^^bldk eryc vki nksuksa ds chp oks lcdqN gks pqdk
gS] tks “kknh ls igys ugha djuk pkfg,A** & :ch us dgkA
^^rqe ,slk dSls dg ldrh gks\** & jger us dgkA
^^;fn vkids chp ,slk dqN ugha gqvk gksrk] rks cgkus
fudkyus dh ctk; vkidk tokc flQZ ^^ugha** gksrkA** & :ch us
vk¡[k ekjrs gq, dgkA
^^fe”ku ij tkus dh igyh jkr js[kk us eq>s [kkus ij
cqyk;k vkSj mlh jkr--------------------------A** & vkf[kj jger dks viuk
eq¡g [kksyuk gh iM+kA
^^flQZ ,d ckj---------** & :ch us vk”p;Z ls dgkA
^^ugha] nks ckjA** & jger us dgkA
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
x
^^vHkh rks vki dg jgs Fks ,d ckj] vHkh dg jgs gks nks
ckj] eryc-----------ckj&ckj---------** & :ch us eqLdqjkrs gq, dgkA
^^ugha] ckj&ckj ugha] mlh jkr nks ckjA** & jger us
dgkA
^^”kq#vkr fdlus dh] vkius ;k js[kk us\** & :ch us
iwNkA
^^rqEgsa bu ckrksa ls D;k ysuk nsuk\** & jger us dgkA
^^ysuk nsuk gS--------;g lc tkuus ls eq>s de ls de ;g
rks irk pysxk fd] bldh ”kq#vkr vki djksxs ;k fQj eq>s djuh
gksxhA** & :ch us dgkA
^^bldh ”kq#vkr mlus gh dh Fkh]---------------vkSj dqN
tkuuk pkgrh gks\** & jger us dgkA
^^ugha] cl bruk gh dkQh gS]** :ch us vius gksB jger
ds gksBksa ij j[k fn;sA blds ckn nksuksa ds chp oks gks x;k] tks
Hkkjrh; laLÑfr esa “kknh ls igys ,ykmM ugha gSA
P
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
xi
vkHkkj
eSa esjs ekrk&firk ¼jke xksiky iztkir o lksguh nsoh½] ekekth
¼ek- Hkaoj ykyth dqekor] gjykyth dqekor] nqxkZjke th
dqekor] useh pUn th dqekor & fuoklh & [kkrhiqjk] lhdj½]
esjs v/;kid txnh”k th pkphokn ,oa esjs nksLr fodkl Vsyj
¼U;kek] pw:½ dk eSa [kkl rkSj ls /kU;okn djuk pkgrk gw¡]
ftudk bl iqLrd ds fy[ks tkus esa izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :Ik ls
egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgh gSA
buds vykok eSa ^^esjs dtu t;jke dqekor ¼Qrsgiqj½ o
xksfoUn th dqekor**] esjs nksLr egs”k dqekor vkSj Jo.k tkV dk
Hkh /kU;okn djuk pkgq¡xkA
AA /kU;okn AA
Name - Harish Kumar Prajapat
Address - Nyama, Sujangarh (Churu),
Rajasthan 331506
E-mail - [email protected]
Twitter - @harishnyama
Facebook - India without Gandhi
P
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
xiii
^^eSa Hkkjr ds izR;sd ukxfjd vkSj Hkkjr dh O;oLFkk ls
mEehn djrk gw¡ fd] esjs ^^vfHkO;fDr ds vf/kdkj** dk guu
ugha fd;k tk;sxkA**
O nksLrksa]
esjs igys miU;kl ^^India without Gandhi dk”k] xk¡/khth iSnk gh
ugha gkrs----** esa vkidk Lokxr gSA eq>s xoZ gS fd] eSa ml /kjrh
ij iSnk gqvk] tgk¡ vfgalk ds iqtkjh egkRek xk¡/kh tSls egku
O;fDro us tUe fy;kA xk¡/khth dks Hkkjr ds yksx jk’Vªfirk dgrs
gS vkSj eSa Hkh] ysfdu eSaus mUgsa ,d vyx utfj;s ls ns[kk vkSj
;g dgkuh fy[khA eSaus lkspk ;fn Hkkjr esa xk¡/khth dk mn; ugha
gksrk] rks vkt Hkkjr esa D;k dqN gks ldrk Fkk vFkkZr vkt Hkkjr
dgk¡ gksrkA
fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks bfrgkl ls iwjh rjg ls xk;c
lEHko ugha gSA blfy, eSa ;g ekudj pyk fd] ekpZ 1922 dh
,d jkr dks xk¡/khth dh gR;k gks tkrh gS vkSj mlds ckn fdl
rjg ls Hkkjr dk bfrgkl] jktuhfr vkSj Hkwxksy cnyk] ;gh bl
miU;kl dh dgkuh gSA
;g miU;kl flQ+Z ,d dkYifud dgkuh gSA bl
miU;kl dk ;g eryc drbZ ugha gS fd] eSa xk¡/kh th dk lEeku
ugha djrk ;k bl miU;kl ds ek/;e ls xk¡/khth dk vieku
djuk pkgrk gw¡A eSa xk¡/khth dk mruk gh lEeku djrk gw¡]
ftruk dksbZ Hkh vke Hkkjrh; djrk gSA xk¡/kh th esjs fy, ges”kk
vknj.kh; vkSj lEekuuh; Fks vkSj ges”kk jgsaxsA
;fn fdlh dks bl miU;kl esa dqN xyr yxrk gS] rks
eSa muls ekQh pkgrk gw¡ fd] eSaus bl fo’k; ij miU;kl fy[kk]
ysfdu eSa muls vkSj Hkkjr dh O;oLFkk ls ;g Hkh mEehn djrk gw¡
fd] esjs ^^vfHkO;fDr ds vf/kdkj** dk guu ugha fd;k tk;sxkA
Ekq>s iwjk fo”okl gS fd] ;g iqLrd izR;sd Hkkjrh; dks
;g lkspus ij etcwj dj nsxh fd] D;k gesa xk¡/khth dh
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
xiv
vkn”kZoknh fopkj /kkjk ls fudydj ;FkkFkZoknh fopkj/kkjk dh
rjQ dne c<+kuk pkfg,A
P
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
bafM;k foFkvkÅV xk¡/kh
2
W ^^Hkkjrh; Fky lsuk] ok;q lsuk vkSj ty lsuk esa gesa dqN phuh
tklwl gksus ds lcwr feys gS] tks rhuksa lsukvksa dh xqIr] xksiuh;
vkSj laosnu”khy tkudkfj;k¡ phu dks miyC/k djkrs gSaA Hkkjr dh
rhuksa lsukvksa dks lrdZ jgrs gq, tYn ls tYn mu tklwlksa dks
idM+uk gksxkA ;fn tYn gh mudk irk ugha yxk;k x;k rks]
Hkkjr dks cgqr cM+k uqdlku mBkuk iM+ ldrk gSA bruk cM+k
uqdlku] ftldh HkjikbZ uk rks ge dj ldsaxs vkSj uk gh gekjh
vkus okyh ihf<+;k¡ dj ldsaxhA
[kkl rkSj ls ge ok;q lsuk dks vkxkg djuk pkgrs gS
fd] mls PIR izkstsDV ds izfr dkQh T+;knk lrdZ jgus dh
t:jr gSA**
Hkkjr dh izeq[k [kqfQ;k ,stsUlh xxxx us vizSy 1988
dks j{kk eU=k;y dks ;g xqIr fjiksVZ lkSaih gSA bl fjiksVZ ds vkrs
gh Hkkjr dh rhuksa lsuk,sa dkQh T+;knk lrdZ gks xbZ vkSj lafnX/k
vf/kdkfj;ksas ij dM+h uT+kj j[kuh “k q: dj nh xbZ gSA 30 ls Hkh
T+;knk vf/kdkfj;ksa dks phuh tklwl gksus ds “kd esa rhuksa lsukvksa
ls fudky fn;k x;k gSA bldh lcls T+;knk xkt eqlyeku
vf/kdkfj;ksa ij fxjh] lsuk ls fudys tkus okys 30 esa ls 27
vf/kdkjh eqlyeku FksA fudkys x;s 30 vf/kdkfj;ksa dks mUgsa
fudkys tkus dk dkj.k rd ugha crk;k x;k gSA
iwjh nqfu;k esa eqlyekuksa dh ,d Nfo cu xbZ gS fd]
eqlyeku vius /keZ ds fy, vius ns”k rd dks csp ldrs gSA ;g
27 eqlyeku vf/kdkjh Hkh bl ladh.kZ fopkj/kkjk ds f”kdkj gks
x;s gSaA
1
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
gjh”k dqekj çtkir
3
Hkkjr ds eqlyekuksa dk ,d rcdk Hkkjr dk foHkktu
dj ^^vyhiqj** vyx ns”k cukuk pkgrk gSA Hkkjr esa ;g ,d vke
/kkj.kk cu xbZ gS fd] Hkkjr dk izR;sd eqlyeku vyhiqj leFkZd
gS vkSj oks Hkkjr dk foHkktu pkgrs gSaA dqN fgUnw laxBu bl
fopkj/kkjk dks dkQh T+;knk c<+k&p<+kdj is”k dj jgs gSA ftl
dkj.k Hkkjr ds eqlyekuksa dks xíkj dguk rks vke ckr gks xbZ
gSA
O ebZ 1989 esa gq, vke pqukoksa esa dkaxzsl dks 415 lhVksa esa
ls dsoy 113 lhVksa ls gh lUrq"V gksuk iM+kA blds vykok
eqfLye yhx dks 105 lhVsa] Hkkjrh; ,drk ikVhZ dks 175 lhVsa
RkFkk ckdh dh 22 lhVsa vU; ds [kkrs esa xbZA fdlh Hkh ikVhZ dks
208 lhVsa ;kuh iw.kZ cgqer ugha feykA Hkkjrh; ,drk ikVhZ bu
pqukoksa esa lcls cM+h ikVhZ cudj mHkjh gS] tks cgqer ls ek= 33
lhV nwj gSA Hkkjr dh jktuhfr ,d vthcks xjhc fLFkfr dk
lkeuk djus tk jgh gSA dksbZZ Hkh nks ikVhZ lkFk ugha vkuk pkg
jgh gS vkSj fdlh ,d ikVhZ dks cgqer feyk ugha gSA eqfLye
yhx vkSj dkaxzsl lkFk vkuk ugha pkgrs rFkk Hkkjrh; ,drk ikVhZ
dks mEehn gS fd] ,d ckj fQj pquko gq, rks og blls Hkh csgrj
izn”kZu djsxh] blfy, og fdlh ds vkxs gkFk ugha QSyk jgh gSA
vU; dh 22 lhVksa dks feykdj dksbZZ Hkh ikVhZ 208 ds tknqbZ
vkadM+s rd ugha igq¡p ik jgh gSA 31 ebZ 1989 dks eqfLye yhx dh xBcU/ku ljdkj dk
dk;Zdky lekIr gks x;k gSA fdlh Hkh ikVhZ dks cgqer uk feyus
vkSj fdlh Hkh ikVhZ }kjk ljdkj cukus dk nkok is”k uk djus dh
fLFkfr esa Hkkjr jktuhfrd ladV dh rjQ c<+rk uT+kj vk jgk
gSA
1989 twu dk eghuk gSA lw;Z dh xehZ ds lkFk&lkFk
jktuhfrd xehZ Hkh ijoku p<+rh tk jgh gSA ljdkj cukus ds
fy, jkt/kkuh fnYyh esa xBcU/ku ds tksM+&rksM+ dh jktuhfr py
jgh gSA Hkkjr esa py jgk jktuhfrd ?keklku [kRe gksrk] mlls
igys ,d ,slh ?kVuk ?kVh] ftlus iwjs Hkkjr dks fgyk fn;kA phu
us Hkkjr ds v:.kkpy izns”k ds rokax {ks= ij geyk dj fn;kA
Hkkjr] phu dh rjQ ls ,sls geys ds fy, dHkh rS;kj ugha Fkk
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
bafM;k foFkvkÅV xk¡/kh
4
vkSj uk gh mls dHkh phu ls ,sls geys dh mEehn FkhA Hkkjr dh
lsuk phu ls VDdj ysus esa iwjh rjg ls l{ke gS] ysfdu Hkkjr
dh vkUrfjd O;oLFkk fdlh Hkh n`f"V ls phu ls VDdj ysus dh
fLFkfr esa uT+kj ugha vk jgh gSA
1950 ds ckn Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa bruh T+;knk leL;k;sa
,d lkFk dHkh ugha vkbZA ,d rjQ ;g r; ugha gks ik jgk gS
fd] Hkkjr dh deku fdlds gkFk esa gksxhA nwljh rjQ
[kkfyLrku vkSj vyhiqj dh mB jgh ekaxksa us ns”k dks fgyk j[kk
gS] Åij ls bu dfBu gkykrksa esa phu ds vkØe.k us Hkkjr dh
eqf”dysa vkSj c<+k nh gSA
phu ds geys ds vxys fnu Hkh ljdkj dk xBu ugha
gks ldk] rks iwjs Hkkjr dk /;ku fnYyh esa py jgh jktuhfr vkSj
phu ds vkØe.k dh rjQ yx x;kA ftldk Qk;nk mBkrs gq,
iatkc esa [kkfyLrku ds fy, Lka?k"kZ dj jgs HkhaMjkokys us Hkkjr ds
iatkc esa ls ,d u;s ns”k [kkfyLrku ds Lora= gksus dh ?kks"k.kk
dj nhA dsUnz eas dksbZZ ljdkj] dksbZZ efU=e.My gksrk rks og bu
gkykrksa ls fuiVus dh dksf”k”k djrk] ysfdu ljdkj u cuus dh
fLFkfr esa bl rjg ds gkykrksa ls dkSu fuiVs] dkSu QSlys djs]
dkSu vkns”k nsa\ iatkc esa ftl rjg ds gkykr jgs gSa] muls lsuk
fuiVrh vk jgh gS vkSj vkt Hkh dsoy lsuk gh fuiV ldrh gSA
phu ds geys ds ckn lsuk us viuk iwjk /;ku phu ls fuiVus ij
yxk fn;k gSA HkhaMjkokys us blh ekSds dk Qk;nk mBkrs gq,
[kkfyLrku ds Lora= gksus dh ?kks"k.kk dj nhA [kkfyLRkku dh
Lora=rk dh ?kks"k.kk ds ckn cus gkykrksa ls Hkkjr dh O;oLFkk ugha
fuiV ikbZ vkSj nqfu;k ds uD”ks ij Hkkjr ls fudydj ,d u;k
ns”k cuk] tks ^^[kkfyLrku** dgyk;kA
^^Hkkjr us [kkfyLrku {ks= esa jgus okys yksxksa ds lkFk
dHkh Hkh U;k; ugha fd;kA [kkfyLrku ds yksxksa us vius gd ds
fy, dkQh yEck vkSj dM+k la?k"kZ fd;k gSA vkt mUgsa mudk gd
feyk gS] rks gesa mudk lkFk nsuk pkfg,A** vxys gh fnu phu us
[kkfyLrku dks ekU;rk nsrs gq, dgkA
[kkfyLrku ds vyx gksrs gh vyhiqj ds Hkh Hkkjr ls
vyx gksus dk [krjk iSnk gks x;k gSA vyhiqj Hkkjr ls vyx
gksus dh dksf”k”k djrk] mlls igys gh jk"Vªifr us ,d vkns”k
tkjh dj [kkfyLrku ds ckn cps iatkc] cyqfpLRkku] flU/k vkSj
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
gjh”k dqekj çtkir
5
vkl&ikl ds ml {ks= esa vkikrdky yxk fn;k] ftls ^^vyhiqj
eqfLye yhx** ds leFkZd ^^vyhiqj** dgrs gSaA
Hkkjr us phu ls viuk fojks/k trkrs gq, rqjUr geys
cUn djus dks dgk] ysfdu phu us geys cUn djus dh ctk;
T+;knk rsT+kh ls vkxs c<+uk “kq: dj fn;kA tc phu us vkxs
c<+uk tkjh j[kk] rks Hkkjr us Hkh iwjh rkdr ds lkFk phu ij
geyk cksy fn;kA v:.kkpy {ks= esa phu dks VDdj nsuk Hkkjrh;
lsuk ds fy, dkQh eqf”dy gks ldrk gSA v:.kkpy izns”k dh
phu ls yxus okyh lhek ,d igkM+h vkSj taxyh bykdk gS] tgk¡
;q) yM+uk fdlh Hkh lsuk ds fy, eqf”dy gks ldrk gS vkSj fQj
phu rks iwjh rS;kjh ds lkFk ;q) esa mrjk gSA bl yM+kbZ esa
v:.kkpy izns”k esa ok;q lsuk dh vxqokbZ ,;j ek”k Zy jkepUnz
R;kxh vkSj Fky lsuk dh vxqokbZ ysf¶VusaV tujy j?kqohj jkW;
dj jgs gSaA
nks fnu rd Hkkjr us phu dks dM+h VDdj nh] ysfdu
rhljs fnu Hkkjrh; lsuk dks ml le; cM+k >Vdk yxk] tc
Hkkjrh; Fky lsuk ds 200 ls Hkh T+;knk toku ekjs x;s rFkk ok;q
lsuk ds rhu QkbVlZ dks phu us fxjk fn;kA phu us vkxs c<+rs
gq, rokax ij dCtk dj fy;kA
^^Hkkjrh; ,drk ikVhZ ds ikl lcls T+;knk lhVsa gS]
blfy, ge dkaxzsl vkSj eqfLye yhx ls vihy djrs gSa fd]
T+;knk ugha rks de ls de ;q) lekIr gksus rd gekjs lkFk vk
tk;sa] rkfd ljdkj dk xBu dj ge phu ls eqdkcyk dj ldsaA
phu v:.kkpy izns”k esa ?kql pqdk gS vkSj ;fn le; jgrs dksbZZ
Bksl dne ugha mBk;k x;k] rks v:.kkpy izns”k gkFk ls fudy
tk;sxkA** ns”k ds gkykr dks ns[krs gq, Hkkjrh; ,drk ikVhZ ds
v/;{k jk; fcgkjh oktis;h us dkaxzsl vkSj eqfLye yhx ls vihy
djrs gq, dgkA
Hkkjrh; ,drk ikVhZ dh vihy dk dkaxzsl vkSj eqfLye
yhx nksuksa ikfVZ;ksa ij dksbZZ vlj ugha gqvkA tc dkaxzsl vkSj
eqfLye yhx nksuksa esa ls fdlh us Hkh Hkk,ik ¼Hkkjrh; ,drk ikVhZ½
ds lkFk vkus esa dksbZ :fp ugha fn[kkbZ] rks Hkkjrh; ,drk ikVhZ
us vius dne ihNs [khaprs gq, dkaxzsl dks fcuk fdlh “krZ ds
leFkZu nsus dk QSlyk fd;kA Hkkjrh; ,drk ikVhZ dk leFkZu
feyrs gh dkaxzsl us laln esa cgqer lkfcr dj xBcU/ku ljdkj
dk xBu fd;kA iwoZ iz/kkueU=h jkenso gqM~Mk ds iq= o orZeku
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
bafM;k foFkvkÅV xk¡/kh
6
dkaxzsl v/;{k jktsUnz flag gqM~Mk Hkkjr ds iz/kkueU=h vkSj
Hkkjrh; ,drk ikVhZ ds v/;{k jk; fcgkjh oktis;h Hkkjr ds
j{kkeU=h cusA
^^Hkkjr] phu rks D;k nqfu;k dh fdlh Hkh rkdr dks
ekr~ nsus dh {kerk j[krk gSA ge Hkkjr ds yksx iwjh rkdr ds
lkFk phu ls eqdkcyk djsaxs vkSj fn[kk nsaxs fd] ge fdlh Hkh
{ks= esa phu ls de ugha gSA eSa mEehn djrk gw¡ fd] Hkkjr ds
yksx tkfr] /keZ] {ks= vkSj lHkh rjg ds erHksnksa dks Hkwykdj bl
ladV eas ljdkj vkSj lsuk ds lkFk [kMs+ uT+kj vk;saxsA** dkaxzsl
v/;{k jktsUnz flag gqM~Mk us iz/kkueU=h dh “kiFk ysus ds ckn
vius igys lEcks/ku esa dgkA
Lkjdkj dk xBu gksus ds ckn Hkh Hkkjrh; lsuk dqN ugha
dj ikbZ vkSj phuh lsuk yxkrkj vkxs c<+rh tk jgh gSA tc
Hkkjrh; lsuk phu dks jksdus esa ukdke jgh rks iz/kkueU=h jktsUnz
flag gqM~Mk] j{kkeU=h jk; fcgkjh oktis;h vkSj rhuksa lsukvksa ds
lsuk izeq[kksa dh ,d egRoiw.kZ cSBd gks jgh gS] ftlesa ,d
egRoiw.kZ fu.kZ; fy;k tkuk gSA
^^lj] vki tkurs gSa fd] 1981 esa Hkkjr vkSj :l ds
chp ,d j{kk le>kSrk gqvk FkkA bl le>kSrs esa ftl PIR uked
QkbVj ds fuekZ.k dh ckr dgh xbZ Fkh] og QkbVj iw.kZ :i ls
cudj rS;kj gSA vc rd bl rjg ds ik¡p QkbVlZ dk fuekZ.k
fd;k tk pqdk gS] ftuesa ls rhu rks :l igq¡pk fn;s x;s gSa]
ckdh ds nks gekjs ikl gSA ;g QkbVj iwjh rjg ls RkS;kj gS]
ysfdu vHkh bu ij dqN ijh{k.k fd;s tkus ckdh gSA blfy,
vHkh rd u rks Hkkjr us vkSj u gh :l us bu QkbVlZ dks lsuk
esa “kkfey fd;k gSA ;g QkbVj Hkkjr dks gkjk gqvk ;q) thrk
ldrk gSA bl QkbVj dks jkMkj ugha idM+ ldrk vkSj iyd
>idrs gh ;g phu dks rckg djus dh {kerk j[krk gSA vkt
ge blh ckr ij fopkj&foe”kZ djus ds fy, ;gk¡ cSBs gSa fd]
gekjs ikl tks nks PIR QkbVj gS] mudk iz;ksx phu ds f[kykQ
djuk pkfg, ;k ughaA eSa ekurk gw¡ fd] ;g FkksM+k tksf[ke Hkjk gS]
ysfdu phu ds c<+rs dneksa dks jksdus ds fy, gekjs ikl nwljk
dksbZ fodYi ugha gSA** ok;q lsuk izeq[k ,;j phQ ek”kZy jkts”k
dksVk us dgkA
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
gjh”k dqekj çtkir
7
T;knk lksp fopkj uk djrs gq, iz/kkuea=h vkSj j{kkea=h
us ok;q lsuk dks bu QkbVlZ dks phu ds f[kykQ ;q) esa mrkjus
dh vuqefr ns nhA
ml nkSj esa iwoksZRkj {ks= esa <kdk vkSj xqokgkVh lcls cMs+
lSfud csl gqvk djrs FksA xqgkokVh phu ls yxus okyh lhek ls
FkksM+k utnhd iM+rk gS] blfy, phu ds lkFk py jgs ;q) dh
j.kuhfr;k¡ xqokgkVh esa gh cukbZ tk jgh gSaA
PIR dks dksbZZ lkekU; ik;ysV ugha mM+k ldrkA bls
mM+kus ds fy, dqN vyx phtsa lh[kuh iM+rh gSA ,;j dkWeksMksj
jkefuokl oekZ] xzqi dSIVsu euh"k iVsy] foax dek.Mj cychj
jkor] LDokMªu yhMj jger jaxjst] xzqi dSIVsu izrkiflag f=osnh]
xzqi dSIVsu eqypUn csnh] foax dek.Mj Jo.kflag jktiwr vkSj
LDokMªu yhMj jkts”k ekS;Z ;s vkB ik;ysV ,sls gSa] tks PIR
izkstDV ls tqMs+a jgs gSa] vkSj ;g vkB ik;ysV gh ,sls gSa] tks PIR
dks mM+kus dh ;ksX;rk j[krs gSaA bu lHkh vkB ik;ysVksa ds dqN
ijh{k.k fd;s tkus gSaA blds ckn gh r; gksxk fd] fe”ku ij
fdldks Hkstk tk;sA
lHkh ijh{k.k gksus ds ckn ok;q lsuk izeq[k ,;j phQ
ek”kZy jkts”k dksVk lHkh vkB ik;ysVksa ls ,d [kkl rjg dk
loky djus tk jgs gSaA bl loky dk tokc tkuus ds ckn gh
r; fd;k tk;sxk fd] buesa ls fdu nks ik;ysVksa dks fe”ku ij
Hkstk tk;sA loky ;g gS fd & ^^vkB ik;ysVksa esa ls fe”ku ds
fy, vkidks gh D;ksa pquk tk;s\**
,;j dkWeksMksj jke fuokl oekZ us dgk & eq>s dc ls
,sls ekSds dk bartkj Fkk] ftlls eSa ns”k ds fy, dqN dj ldwaA
xzqi dSIVsu izrkiflag f=osnh us dgk & eSa ,d lSfud gw¡ vkSj ,d
lSfud vius drZO; ls dHkh ihNs ugha gV ldrkA foax dek.Mj
Jo.k flag jktiwr us dgk & eSa ,d jktiwr gw¡ vkSj yM+uk
jktiwr dk /keZ gksrk gSA cgknqjh] fuMjrk] vkSj lkgl gekjh
jx&jx esa Hkjk gqvk gSA bl rjg ls lHkh us vius&vius tokc
fn;s] ysfdu LDokMªu yhMj jger jaxjst us dqN gVds tokc
fn;k &
^^lj] vkius bfy;kl jaxjst dk uke rks lquk gh gksxk]
ftls Hkkjr ds izFke jk"Vªifr lqHkk"k pUnz cksl dk gR;kjk vkSj
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dk lcls cM+k ns”knzksgh dgk tkrk gSA eSa
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
bafM;k foFkvkÅV xk¡/kh
8
bZdcky jaxjst dk csVk vkSj Hkkjr ds iwoZ jk"Vªifr lqHkk"k pUnz
cksl dh gR;k djus okys bfy;kl jaxjst dk iksRkk gwa¡A bZdcky
jaxjst ;kuh esjs firk Hkkjrh; Fky lsuk esa vQlj Fks] ftUgsa
ns”knzksg ds vkjksi esa mezdSn dh ltk gqbZ FkhA oks [kqn ij yxs
ns”knzksg ds nkx dks lgu ugha dj lds vkSj ,d fnu tsy esa gh
mUgksaus vkRegR;k dj yhA vkt yksx esjs iwjs [kkunku vkSj esjs
iwjs /keZ dks ns”knzksgh dgrs gSaA ns”k ds izR;sd eqlyeku dks
vyhiqj leFkZd le>k tkrk gSA esjs [kkunku vkSj /keZ ij yxs
bl nkx dks eSa vius cfynku ls /kksuk pkgrk gw¡A esjs }kjk lsuk
tkSbu djus ds ihNs ns”k lsok ds lkFk&lkFk vius [kkunku ij
yxs nkx dks /kksuk Hkh ,d cM+k dkj.k jgk gSA eSa ges”kk nqvk
djrk Fkk fd] dHkh ,slk fnu uk vk;s] ysfdu vkt ;g fnu vk
gh x;k gS] rks vki eq>s ekSdk nhft,] rkfd eSa iwjh nqfu;k dks
fn[kk ldwa fd] ge xíkj ugha gS] ge Hkh bl ns”k ds fy, ej
ldrs gSaA**
lHkh ijh{k.k djus ds ckn vfUre :i ls ;g vkB
ik;ysV bl Øe ls fe”ku ij Hkstus ds ;ksX; ik;s x;s gSa & 1-
LDokMªu yhMj jger jaxjst 2- xzqi dSIVsu izrki flag f=osnh 3-
,;j dkWeksMksj jkefuokl oekZ 4- xzqi dSIVsu eqypUn csnh 5- foax
dek.Mj Jo.kflag jktiwr 6- LDokMªu yhMj jkts”k ekS;Z 7- foax
dek.Mj cychj jkor 8- xzqi dSIVsu euh"k iVsyA
lHkh ijh{k.k iwjs gksus ds ckn vfUre :i ls LDokMªu
yhMj jger jaxjst vkSj xzqi dSIVsu izrki flag f=osnh fe”ku ij
Hksts tkus ds fy, lcls T+;knk ;ksX; ik;s x;s gSaA xzqi dSIVsu
izrki flag f=osnh dks fe”ku ij Hkstus dks ysdj fdlh dks dksbZ
vkifŸk ugha gS] ysfdu LDokMªu yhMj jger jaxjst dks fe”ku ds
fy, pqus tkus ij dbZ ok;q lsuk vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj Hkkjr dh izeq[k
[kqfQ;k ,tsUlh xxxx izeq[k us vkifŸk trkbZ &
^^tc cki vkSj nknk us vius ns”k dks ugha NksM+k] rks
mudk csVk D;k NksM+sxkA ns”knzksg rks buds jx&jx esa clk gSA**
[kqfQ;k ,stSUlh xxxx izeq[k us Hkkjrh; ok;qlsuk izeq[k ls dgkA
^^lj] fdlh ds cki&nknk ds dkjukeksa ds vk/kkj ij
mldh oQknkjh ij loky mBkuk lgh ugha gSA** ok;q lsuk izeq[k
jkts”k dksVk us dgkA
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
gjh”k dqekj çtkir
9
^^og ,d eqlyeku gS] ml ij fo”okl ugha fd;k tk
ldrkA**
^^;g ,d cM+k la;ksx gS fd] mldh ;ksX;rk ds vykok
gj pht mlds foi{k esa tk jgh gSA**
^^,d lky igys gekjs }kjk j{kk eU=ky; dks lkSaih xbZ
fjiksVZ esa ok;q lsuk dks [kkl vyVZ tkjh fd;k x;k Fkk] [kkl
rkSj ls PIR izkstDV dks ysdjA eq>s yxrk gS] bu vkB ik;ysVksa
esa ls dksbZ uk dksbZ phuh tklwl gS vkSj esjs fglkc ls og jger
jaxjst ds vykok dksbZ nwljk ugha gks ldrkA**
^^;fn jger tklwl gS] rks vc rd og PIR ls tqM+h
lHkh tkudkfj;k¡ phu rd igq¡p pqdk gksxk] rks vc gesa fdl
ckr dk Mj gSA** & ok;q lsuk izeq[k jkts”k dksVk us dgkA
^^gesa Mj tkudkfj;ksa dk ugha] gesa Mj gS rks bl ckr
dk fd] ;fn jger us PIR dks phu esa ys.M djk fn;k rks\ esjk
eryc gS] ;fn jger us PIR dh tkudkfj;ksa lfgr iwjs PIR dks
gh phu dks lkSai fn;k rks\**
^^ugha] eq>s ugha yxrk ,slk gksxkA** & ok;q lsuk izeq[k
jkts”k dksVk us dgkA
jger jaxjst dks fe”ku ij Hksts tkus dks ysdj fojks/k
djus okys vf/kdkfj;ksa dk ;g Hkh dguk gS fd] gekjs ikl
LDokMªu yhMj jger jaxjst ds vykok Hkh dbZ fodYi gS] gesa
mu ij fopkj djuk pkfg,A ok;q lsuk izeq[k ,;j phQ ek”kZy
jkts”k dksVk LDokMªu yhMj jger jaxjst dks fe”ku ij Hkstus ds
i{k esa gS] ysfdu brus cMs+ iSekus ij gks jgs fojks/k us ok;q lsuk
izeq[k dks Hkh lkspus ij etcwj dj fn;k gSA
¶ykbax vkWfQlj js[kk “kekZ ,d ek= vf/kdkjh gS] tks
[kqydj LDokMªu yhMj jger jaxjst ds lkFk [kM+h gSa] mldk
dguk gS fd] fdlh ds [kkunku ;k /keZ ds vk/kkj ij mldh
ns”kHkfDr ij loky mBkuk xyr gSA vki mldh ;ksX;rk dks
mlds [kkunku vkSj /keZ ds vk/kkj ij udkj ugha ldrsA gesa ;g
Lohdkj djuk iMs+xk fd] LDokMªu yhMj jger jaxjst lcls
;ksX; ik;ysV~l esa ls ,d gSA mldh ;ksX;rk ls le>kSrk djus
dk eryc gksxk] ns”k ds Hkfo"; ls le>kSrk djukA
insZ ds ihNs LDokMªu yhMj jger jaxjst dks ysdj D;k
dqN py jgk gS] jger jaxjst blls fcYdqy vutku gSA
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
bafM;k foFkvkÅV xk¡/kh
10
Lke; cckZn u djrs gq, ok;q lsuk izeq[k ,;j phQ
ek”kZy jkts”k dksVk us LDokMªu yhMj jger jaxjst vkSj xzqi
dSIVsu izrki flag f=osnh dks fe”ku ij Hkstus dk QSlyk fd;kA
O ^^fo”okl ugha gksrk fd] rqeus vkt “kjkc ihus ds fy,
euk dj fn;kA** & jger us dgkA jger js[kk ds DokVZj esa
Vscy ds ikl yxh dqlhZ ij cSBk gSA js[kk us vkt jger dks
vius gkFk dk cuk [kkuk f[kykus ds fy, vius DokVZj ij cqyk;k
gSA ^^vkt ge dqN vkSj ih;saxsA** & js[kk us dqlhZ ij cSBrs
gq, dgkA og Vscy ij [kkuk yxk pqdh gSA
^^D;k\** & jger us iwNkA
^^igys [kkuk [kkrs gSa] mlds ckn ih;saxsA** & js[kk us
dgkA
^^eq>s FkksM+k Mj yx jgk gS fd] dgha rqEgsa dqN gks x;k
rks]** & js[kk us dgkA nksuksa [kkuk [kk pqds gSa vkSj cSM ij cSBs gSaA
^^eq> ij fo”okl j[kks] eq>s dqN ugha gksxkA ;fn dqN
gks Hkh x;k] rks ,d ns”kHkDr dh ekSr e:¡xkA** & jger us dgkA
^^ugha] ,slk er dgksA eSa rqEgkjk bartkj d:¡xhA** ;g
dgrs gh js[kk us vius gksB jger ds gksBksa ij j[k fn;sA
^^;g lc fdlfy, Fkk\** js[kk us tSls gh vius gksB
jger ds gksBksa ls gVk;s] & jger us dgkA
^^fe”ku ij tkus ls igys esjh rjQ ls rqEgkjs fy, ;g
,d ;knxkj rkSgQk FkkA** & js[kk us dgkA
^^fe”ku ij tkus ls igys bruk “kkunkj rkSgQk feyk gS]
;fn eSa fe”ku esa dke;kc gksdj ykSVk rks bldk eryc D;k
le>q\** & jger us dgkA
^^eSa rqEgkjs fe”ku dh dke;kch dk bartkj ugha dj
ldrhA** & js[kk us ,d ckj fQj vius gksB jger ds gksBksa ij
j[k fn;sA
^^esjh bTtr ywVus dk fopkj gS D;k\** & js[kk tc gn
ls vkxs c<+us dh dksf”k”k djus yxh rks jger us dgkA
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
gjh”k dqekj çtkir
11
Get Complete Book At Educreation Store
www.educreation.in
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.