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Objectives

Recognize the signs and symptoms ofMuscoloskeletal Injury (MSI)

Understand the potential health effects of this

type of injury

Be able to identify risk factors in your work thatmay lead to MSI

Understand what you can do to prevent MSI Understand the process to address worksite

MSI concerns

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Ergonomics

Ergonomics involves matching the workenvironment to worker abilities in order to improve,health, comfort and performance.

The technology used, thework environmentconditions and the taskperformed all impact thehealth and safety of theindividual performing thework

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Musculoskeletal Injuries

Disorders (i.e. inflammation, irritation, swelling)affecting the muscles, tendons, ligaments,nerves, joints, and bones

Examples of MSI

tendinitis, carpal tunnel syndrome

rotator cuff syndrome, strains (back, neck,shoulder), bursitis

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Signs and Symptoms

Signs

swelling

redness

difficulty moving abody part

Symptoms

pain

tingling

numbness weakness

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Preventing MSI

WorkerCapabilities

JobDemands

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Work Environment

Risks of MSI

Force

Environment

Work Posture

Duration

Contact Stress

Workstation Layout

Characteristics ofObjects

TaskOrganization

Repetition

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Personal Risk Factors

You can participate in reducing your risk of MSIby maintaining:

physical fitness

strength and flexibility a healthy lifestyle

good nutrition

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If You Identify Risks Consider

The body part affected How much force, repetition, posture, duration and

other risk factors exist

Why is the risk factor present ?

design of the tool/equipment, dimension of theworkstation or object, organization of the work

personal risk factors

Report your observations to your supervisor

Provide your expertise to your worksite health andsafety representative

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Hazard Management Process

Aim is to reduce or eliminate the risk ofmusculoskeletal injuries (MSI)

Level 3Risk

Control

Level 2Risk

Assessment

Level 1Risk

Identification

Hazard Management Process applied to Ergonomics

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Process to Address MSI Risks

Level 1

Risk

Identification

Site Health & Safety

Operations

Identify tasks associated with MSI injuries

Identify tasks at risk to MSI injuries

Worker Education

Level 2

Risk Assessment& Prioritization

Occupational Health& Hygiene

Ergonomist

NO

YES

Low risk

High & Medium risk

Describe task procedures

Determine level of riskcomplete assessment worksheets

Level 3

RiskControl

SiteTeam

Detailed analysis

high risk - immediately; medium risk - action plan

Develop control measures

Implement control measures evaluate effectiveness

Acceptable risk

Monitor review if task demands change

review if an MSI injury occurs

or reported signs and symptoms

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Preventing MSI

Report symptoms early

Use good work practices

Maintain flexibility and strength Look for ways to make the job easier

Provide your expertise

Assist your worksite health and safety team

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Test Your Knowledge

What are the factors in yourjob that could lead to MSI?

What are the early signs and

symptoms of MSI?

To whom do you report signsand symptoms?

What can happen if earlysigns and symptoms areignored?

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Test Your Knowledge

Show pictures of local worksite activities

Ask workers to identify risk factors

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Who to Contact for Assistance

Worksite health and safetycommittee representative

supervisor

health and safety professionals

add names and contact information here

name: number/location

name: number/location

name: number/location

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BACK UP SLIDES

Detailed Discussion of Health hazard management process

Work environment risk factors

Computer workstations - reducing MSI

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Hazard Management Process

Level 1

RiskIdentification

Site Health & Safety

Operations

Identify tasks associated with MSI injuries review first aid, injury and WCB statistics

review event investigation reports

Identify tasks at risk to MSI injuries review reported signs and symptoms of pain or discomfort (Form A)

review of tasks with perceived ergonomic risk factors (Form B)

complete Level 1Summary Form

Worker Education identifying and reporting MSI signs and symptoms

Level 2

assessment

required?

NO

YES

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Hazard Management Process

Level 2

assessment

required?

NO

YES

Level 2

Risk

Assessment& Prioritization

Occupational Health& Hygiene

Ergonomist

Describe task procedures describe specific steps/actions for each task (Form C)

Determine level of risk complete assessment worksheets (Forms D- K)

complete Level 2Summary Form

Low

Risk

High/

Medium

Risk?

YESNO

YES

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Hazard Management Process

Level 3

RiskControl

SiteControlSolutionTeam

Detailed analysis high risk - immediately

medium risk - action plan

Develop control measures Control Solution Team

identify and evaluate control options

Implement control measures evaluate effectiveness

Acceptable risk Monitor review if task demands change

review if an MSI injury occurs

or reported signs and symptoms

Low

Risk

High/

Medium

Risk?

YESNO

YES

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Force

Muscles produce force to cause amovement, hold a posture ormaintain a load

Risk is increased if: load is slippery or odd shaped

handles aretool too small/large

body postures are awkward tools or equipment vibrate

gloves fit poorly

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Work Posture

Awkward postures

force muscles to workharder and stressligaments and joints

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Duration

The longer the task withthe risk factor is

performed, the higher therisk of MSI

Try to vary the task withidentified risks or findways to reduce exposure

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Repetition

Using the same body partover and over to performa task puts you at risk of

MSI Avoid high frequency

without breaks

Provide rest periods to

allow the stressedmuscles or body part torecover

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Layout of Work

Working heights

Working reaches

Seating

Floor surfaces

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Characteristics of Objects

Size & Shape

Load & Weightdistribution

Handles ofContainers, tools and

equipment

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Contact Stress

If your body is in contact with external objects,force on a small area can compress and damagetissue. Contact stress may occur from:

Sharp edges

Hard surfaces

Poorly designed tools

or handles Using body for contact

e.g. resting on elbows

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Environmental Conditions

Temperature

Weather Lighting

Noise

Vibration

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Work Organization

Work Rate

Work RecoveryCycles

Task Variability

Mental Stress

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Computer Workstations

Risk factors: Force - typing results in force on the fingers

Posture - awkward and static postures result duringmost computer work periods

Repetition - repeated motions, like typing, causemuscle fatigue

Duration - longer work periods result in greaterstress to muscles and ligaments

Contact Stress - contact with the edge of yourdesktop, may damage nerves and blood vessels

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Computer Workstations

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Typical Concerns

Pain in my shoulder

Pain in my elbow

Pain on the pinkie side of my forearm

Pain in the wrist

Pain in my legs

Pain in my neck Headaches and eye fatigue

Fatigue and pain when using a laptop computer