epilepsy day

8/7/2019 epilepsy day

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Epilepsy (from the Ancient

Greek epil

psa "to seize") isa common chronic neurological

disorder.

It is one of the oldest condition

known to mankind.


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Epilepsy is simply defined asa condition in which the

patient is prone to get seizureor fits.

Anyone having two or moreunprovoked fits or seizurescan said to have epilepsy

May vary from mildtwitching to loss ofconsciousness and

uncontrollable convulsions.


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Prevalence

50 million people world wide have

epilepsy

Prevalence is roughly 1% in

developing countries and 0.5 % indeveloped countries


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Roughly 10 million people in India

are suffering from epilepsy

20 to 50 new cases per year

100,000 persons


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Cerebral

palsy

Infection

Metabolicdisease

Headtrauma

heredity

Causes in children


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Causes in adults

Head injury

Infection

Alcohol

drugs


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What can be the causes

in elderly

Stroke

Brain

tumors


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Classification

Partial seizure or Focal seizuresSimple partial seizure

No impairment of consciousness

Unintelligible talk

Experience of unusual or

unpleasant sounds, sight, odors,

taste Shaking of fingers and hand Uncontrollable mouth jerking

Dizzy


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Generalized seizures

Involvement of both hemispheres Common in young children

Types:

1. Tonic Clonic2. Tonic seizures

3. Clonic seizures

4. Absence seizure (Petitmal)

5. Atonic seizures

6. Myoclonic seizures


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GENERALIZED SEIZURES

AURA PHASE

Aura (warning sign) SUDDEN LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

TONIC PHASE (30 TO 60 SEC)

Muscular rigidity Simultaneous contraction of

diaphragm and chest muscles

Cyanosis Fixed jaws, Tongue bite, wide

open eyes

Pupils dilated and fixed


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CLONIC PHASE (1 to 3 min)

Contractions and relaxation ofbody

Incontinence Frothing


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Post ictal phase

Sleep

General fatigue

Depression Confusion

Headache

Complete amnesia of theepisode


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EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Do's

1.Keep calm.

2.Loosen tight

clothes around

his/her neck - tie,tight collar, remove

the spectacles.

3.Prevent the patient

from injuring himself.4.After the seizures

stops, turn the

patient to a side and

wipe the froth from

his mouth.

Don'ts1.Do not insert spoon or

any such articles into the

mouth.

2.Do not restrictconvulsive movements

as it may cause fracture.

3.Do not crowd around

the patient.

4.Do not give water orany other liquid till he is

fully conscious.


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TREATMENT

70% = well controlled with

drugs (prolonged remissions)30% epilepsy at least partiallyresistant to drug treatments =INTRACTABLE EPILEPSY


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Pharmacological management

Dilatin

Phenobarbitol

Tegretol

Valium


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Surgical management

Temporal lobectomy

Hemipheactomy


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NURSING MANAGEMENT

During seizures

Prevent injury

C

lear the space Turn the patient

Loosen cloths

Monitor Equipments by side (for delivering oxygen and

suctioning)


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After seizures

Assessment

Orient

Oxygen and suction


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Regular drug use

Advice to wear medical alert bracelet

Regular meals and snacks

Avoidance of alcohol

Rest and sleep

Non drugs techniques like relaxation

therapy


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Myths and factsMyths

Epilepsy is due to evilspirits

Epilepsy is contagious

Believed to be

terminated by putting

the key in patients hand

or by making him smell

onion or a dirty shoe

Epilepsy is a mental

illness

Epilepsy is a life long

disorder

Facts

Disease of the brain

Epilepsy is not

contagious

N

one of these nonmedical measures are

of any use.

Disease of brain

Likely to remit by

regular treatment


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Epilepsy is what u have, not whatu are

You are not an epileptic, you are aperson with epilepsy

Epilepsy is part of your life, notwhole life

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