environmental instruments - spain

8/2/2019 Environmental Instruments - Spain

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Environmental Instruments -Spain

Presented by

Anupam Kumar

Roll No - 557


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Some Facts

Spain's commitment for the period of the Kyoto Protocol to

restrict increases in emissions to 15% of 1990 levels in 2008-

2012 window has failed . Its still 30% higher

Of all European countries, Spain currently has furthest to go to

meet its Kyoto targets.


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About Policy Instruments :

Environmental

PolicyInstrument

AdministrationBased(CAC)

Incentive based

Prescription of standards

And behaviours Price signals to promote standardsAnd behaviour


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About Policy Instruments

Incentive Based

Price Based Quantity Based


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Policy Instruments - Spain

Regulated Substance Rate Use of revenues

SOx TAX:

1001-50000T : $35/T

Above 50000T : $39/T

Regional Budget

Pollutant spill in coastal waters Rate varies with content andquantity of spill

Funds spill cleanup and seaquality improvement

Motor fuel and other energy products Gasoline: Leaded $465/m3

Unleaded $427/m3

Gas oil : $91/m3

General Budget


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Policy instruments -Spain contd.

Regulated substance Rate Used of revenues

New Automobiles 7% of sale price General Budget

Income Tax Credit & deductions :

There is provision of deduction for investments in environmental protection

Which is upto 10% of the total investment

Tax Differentiation :

Motor fuels VAT reductions and exemption are applicable

Reduced rate for public transport(7%)


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Where Spain stands


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GHG Emission levels

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

GHG Emission ('000

tonnes)

Year

GHG Emission Trend

Total GHG Emissions 380 380 397 404 420 434 426 437 405 368

GHG from Energy Sector 287 290 308 311 329 343 333 343 316 283

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Source : EEA


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GHG Emissions

Considerable investments in environmental infrastructure

As a result of Crisis

Due to promotion of renewable resources of energy, mainly

Hydropower


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Air Pollution Levels

Air Pollution Trend

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

AirPullutionLevel('000Tonnes)

Source : EEA


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Generation of Waste

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Genration of waste (Kg

per Capita)

Year

Waste Generation

Total 3763 3648 3276

Hazardous 73 91 80

Non- Hazardous 3690 3557 3196

2004 2006 2008

Source : EEA


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Waste Generation Vs Waste Treatment

120,000

125,000

130,000135,000

140,000

145,000

150,000

155,000

160,000

165,000

2004 2006 2008

Waste Generated

Treatment of Waste


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Water Abstraction

30,000

31,000

32,000

33,000

34,000

35,00036,000

37,000

38,000

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Year

MnCubicmete

rs

Gross Abstractionof Fresh Water

Source : EEA


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Water Protection

Water Management reforms and investments in this area are

not being administered properly

Water quality in rivers is substandard and ground water is being

used up faster than its getting replenished


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Environmental Protection Expenditure

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Euro/inhabitant

Env Protection Exp 36.32 35.86 46.17 47.13 52.5 54.85 59.82 67.74 69.11

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008


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Environmental protection

Expenditure(% of GDP)

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

% of GDP

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Exp as % of GDP


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Environmental Tax Revenue

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

Total Env Taxes 13,811 14,183 15,184 16,100 16,857 17,630 18,396 19,124 17,840 17,163

Energy Taxes 10,974 11,243 12,117 12,822 13,344 13,674 14,092 14,639 14,185 14,014

Transport taxes 2,738 2,872 2,922 3,113 3,379 3,814 4,130 4,287 3,490 3,006

Taxes on Pollution 99 68 145 165 134 142 174 198 165 143

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009


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References

http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home/

http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/45/46/44686629.pdf
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/45/46/44686629.pdfhttp://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/45/46/44686629.pdfhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home/

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