environmental impact assessment (eia) report(draftfinal).pdf · environmental impact assessment...

VOYANTS SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD.403, 4th Floor, BPTP Park Centra, Sector - 30, NH-8, Gurgaon - 122001Phone - 0124-4598 200 , Telefax - 0124-4019051E-mail – [email protected], www.voyants.in

July 2013

Sen and Lall Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

ConsultancyServicesforEIAstudyforProposedRiverFrontDevelopmentinPatna

EnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA)

Project : Environmental Impact Assessment Study for proposed river front development of 20 Ghats along river Ganga in Patna, Bihar

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Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND .............................................................................................. 1

1.1 OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................................ 2

1.2 PORTFOLIO INVESTMENTS ................................................................................................. 2

1.3 AIM OF INVESTMENTS ......................................................................................................... 3

1.4 River Front Management Investments, ESMF ........................................................................ 4

1.5 Patna River Front Development .............................................................................................. 4

1.5.1 Proposed Developments ..................................................................................................... 4

1.5.2 Development of Ghats ........................................................................................................ 5

1.5.3 Community cum cultural centres ......................................................................................... 8

1.5.4 Landscape work at Precinct Zones ..................................................................................... 9

1.5.5 City level parks .................................................................................................................. 10

1.5.6 Improvement of approach roads to the precincts .............................................................. 10

1.6 Environmental Issues of Patna River Front Development .................................................... 12

1.7 PROPOJECT PROPONENT ................................................................................................ 14

1.8 TECHNICAL CONSULTANT AND ARCHITECT .................................................................. 14

1.9 EIA CONSULTANT ............................................................................................................... 14

1.10 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF EIA.......................................................................................... 13

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................ 16

2.1 EXISTING GHAT CONDITIONS ........................................................................................... 17

2.2 NEED FOR PATNA RFD ...................................................................................................... 23

2.3 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................................... 23

2.3.1 Development of Ghats ...................................................................................................... 24

2.3.2 Promenades including kiosks (connecting some of the ghats together ............................ 25

2.3.3 Community cum cultural centres ....................................................................................... 27

2.3.4 Landscape work at Precinct Zones: .................................................................................. 28

2.3.5 City level parks: ................................................................................................................. 29

2.3.6 Improvement of approach roads to the precincts .............................................................. 29

2.4 PROJECT LOCATION .......................................................................................................... 31

2.5 ADDITIONAL BENEFIT ........................................................................................................ 34

2.6 PROJECT COST .................................................................................................................. 34

3. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ........................ 35

3.1 POLICIES AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA (GOI) ...... 35

3.2 SAFEGUARD POLICIES OF WORLD BANK ....................................................................... 42

4. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................ 44


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4.1 PROJECT INFLUENCE AREA ............................................................................................. 44

4.2 TEAM MOBILIZATION .......................................................................................................... 44

4.3 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL SCREENING: ..................................................................... 45

4.4 Project Surroundings ............................................................................................................. 52

4.5 Baseline Data Collection ....................................................................................................... 53

4.5.1 Meteorological environment .............................................................................................. 53

4.5.1.1 Climate .......................................................................................................................... 53

4.5.1.2 Ganga Basin Temperature in Patna.............................................................................. 53

4.5.1.3 Relative Humidity .......................................................................................................... 53

4.5.1.4 Rainfall and Precipitation .............................................................................................. 53

4.5.1.5 Wind Speed ................................................................................................................... 54

4.5.1.6 Wind Direction ............................................................................................................... 54

4.5.2 Physical environment ........................................................................................................ 54

4.5.2.1 Topography ................................................................................................................... 54

4.5.2.2 Geology ......................................................................................................................... 55

4.5.2.3 Land use ........................................................................................................................ 56

4.5.2.4 Physiography and Soil .................................................................................................. 58

4.5.2.5 Seismicity ...................................................................................................................... 59

4.5.2.6 Hydrology and Drainage ............................................................................................... 60

4.5.2.7 Soil Quality .................................................................................................................... 61

4.5.2.8 Ambient Air Quality........................................................................................................ 62

4.5.2.9 Noise Levels .................................................................................................................. 63

4.5.2.10 Water Quality ................................................................................................................. 64

4.5.3 ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY ...................................................................................... 66

4.5.3.1 Forest Resource ............................................................................................................ 66

4.5.3.2 Terrestrial Ecology ........................................................................................................ 70

4.5.3.3 Aquatic Ecology............................................................................................................. 77

4.5.3.3.1 Aquatic Profile of the Project Area ................................................................................ 77

4.5.3.4 Dolphins Habitat in Project Affected Area: .................................................................... 81

4.6 Traffic survey ......................................................................................................................... 88

5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................................. 89

5.1 Technology Benefits .............................................................................................................. 99

6. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ..... 100

6.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 100

6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING EXERCISE: .................................................................. 100

6.2.1 Environmental Factors: ................................................................................................... 100


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6.2.2 Social Factors: ................................................................................................................. 100

6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

102

6.3.1 Meteorology and Climate ................................................................................................ 102

6.3.2 Quarries and Crushers .................................................................................................... 102

6.3.3 Cultural and Heritage Resources: ................................................................................... 103

6.3.4 Loss of Structures ........................................................................................................... 104

6.3.5 Generation of Dust: ......................................................................................................... 104

6.3.6 Sanitation and Waste Generation: .................................................................................. 104

6.3.7 Drainage Channel: .......................................................................................................... 105

6.3.8 Loss of vegetation and tree cutting: ................................................................................ 105

6.3.9 Impacts on Dolphin: ........................................................................................................ 105

6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES-OPERATION STAGE ....... 106

6.4.1 Environmental Impact: .................................................................................................... 106

6.4.2 Mitigation Measure Proposed in Project: ........................................................................ 109

6.4.3 RISK ASSESSMENT AND SAFETY MEASURES: ........................................................ 111

7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION ............................................ 116

7.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 116

7.2 Methods of Public Consultation........................................................................................... 116

7.3 Consultation with affected households ............................................................................... 117

8. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................................... 128

8.1 Specific activities by BUIDCo .............................................................................................. 128

8.2 Specific activities by Contractor .......................................................................................... 128

8.3 Implementation of EMP ....................................................................................................... 129

8.4 Environmental Monitoring Program .................................................................................... 140

8.4.1 Monitoring of Concessionaire / Contractor's Facilities, Plant and Equipment ............ 140

8.5 Environmental Budget ......................................................................................................... 140

9. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ............................................................................... 147

List of Tables

Table 1-1 : Portfolio of Investments ........................................................................................................ 3

Table 1-2 : List of Ghats .......................................................................................................................... 5

Table 2-1 : Proposed Ghats for development ....................................................................................... 24

Table 2-2 : Proposed Project Cost ........................................................................................................ 34

Table 3-1 : Environmental Regulations and Legislations ...................................................................... 36


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Table 4-1 : Environment and Social Screening for River Front Development ...................................... 45

Table 4-2:Proposed Ghats for Developments along river Ganga in Ganga Ghats .............................. 52

Table 4-3 :Rainfall and Temperature at Patna in Ganga Basin ............................................................ 54

Table 4-4 :Land Use Pattern along Ganga river basin ......................................................................... 56

Table 4-5: Soil Quality Analysis of Proposed Project Site .................................................................... 62

Table 4-6: Ambient Air Quality within study area .................................................................................. 63

Table 4-7: Ambient Noise Level within study area ................................................................................ 64

Table 4-8: Surface Water Quality Analysis Results .............................................................................. 65

Table 4-9:: List of National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary located in Bihar ............................................. 68

Table 4-10: List of trees reported in the project affected area .............................................................. 72

Table 4-11: List of Avifauna reported in inner buffer zone .................................................................... 75

Table 4-12: Species of fishes reported in the study area ..................................................................... 86

Table 4-13: Traffic Count Survey at Project Influence Area ................................................................. 88

Table 5-1: With and Without Project Scenario ...................................................................................... 92

Table 6-1: Outcome of Environment and Social Screening ................................................................ 100

Table 6-2: Carrying Capacity Calculation for each of project ghats.................................................... 112

Table 7-1: Levels of Consultations ...................................................................................................... 116

Table 8-1: Environment Management Plan ........................................................................................ 130

Table 8-2: Environmental Monitoring Plan .......................................................................................... 142

Table 8-3: Environmental Budget ....................................................................................................... 144

List of Figures

Figure 2.1: Artists view of Golaghar Patna ........................................................................................... 16

Figure 2.2: Sanitation issues along the ghats ....................................................................................... 18

Figure 2.3: Slums at edge of river Ganga ............................................................................................. 19

Figure 2.4: Gandhi Ghat (the only developed ghat at moment)............................................................ 19

Figure 2.5: Adalat Ghat Edge Condition Analysis (Boulder pitching at the edges) .............................. 21

Figure 2.6:Edge condition Analysis in Krishna Ghat ............................................................................. 22

Figure 2.8: Urban Precincts proposed .................................................................................................. 26

Figure 2.9: Design of Urban Precinct (3D-View) ................................................................................... 26

Figure 2.10:View of ghats after the proposed development of urban precinct ..................................... 27

Figure 2.11:Proposed Community cum Eco-centre at Gai ghat ........................................................... 28

Figure 2.12:Restoring the riparian edge and landscaping .................................................................... 29

Figure 2.13:Proposed approach road development of Gai ghat ........................................................... 30


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Figure 2.14:Project Location ................................................................................................................. 32

Figure 2.15:Landuse along project ghats .............................................................................................. 33

Figure 4.1:Direct Project Influence Area (DPIA) ................................................................................... 44

Figure 4.2:Geological Map of Ganga Basin .......................................................................................... 55

Figure 4.3:Landuse Aspects along the Ganga ghat section in Patna ................................................... 56

Figure 4.4: DEM Map along the project section in Ganag ghat section in Patna ................................. 57

Figure 4.5: Land Use along the stretch of river bank to be developed under RFD project in Patna .... 57

Figure 4.6: Physiographic map of Bihar along the river Ganga ............................................................ 58

Figure 4.7: Seismic Hazard Map showing the Project Area (Ganga Ghats) ........................................ 59

Figure 4.8:Seismic Zonation Map of India ............................................................................................ 60

Figure 4.9:River Map of Bihar ............................................................................................................... 60

Figure 4.10: Drainage Map of Project Area (Ganga Ghats City) .......................................................... 61

Figure 4.11: Discharge of Raw Sewage in Ganga river from various points ........................................ 66

Figure 4.12: Forest cover map of Bihar ................................................................................................ 67

Figure 4.13: Location of National Park & Sanctuary of Bihar .............................................................. 69

Figure 4.14: Photograph of Flora reported in Riparian Habitat ............................................................. 71

Figure 4.15: Photographs of Trees Reported at Ghat Area .................................................................. 74

Figure 4.16:Photograph of Animal Reported in study area ................................................................... 77

Figure 4.17: Map showing Ganga River and its Tributaries .................................................................. 78

Figure 4.18: Dolphins Movement in Project Study Area ....................................................................... 82

Figure 4.19: Location were Dolphins are reported ................................................................................ 84

Figure 4.20: Location of Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphins Sanctuary with respect to project site .......... 85

Figure 4.21: Photographs of Species of Fishes reported during primary survey .................................. 87

Figure 6.1:Cultural Resources along river Ganga .............................................................................. 103

Figure 6.2: Dolphins Movement .......................................................................................................... 105

Figure 6.3:Disposal of Pious Refuse ................................................................................................... 107

List of Annexures

Annexure1.1: Guidelines for Existing Quarry Management

Annexure1.2: Guidelines for Siting, Operation and Redevelopment of Borrow Areas

Annexure 1.3: Guidelines for Siting and Layout of Construction Camp

Annexure 1.4: Specific R&R Measures

Annexure 1.5: Drawings for Safety Measures

Annexure 1.6: Replies to the observations of NMCG and World Bank


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ACRONYMS

B.C Before Christ

BUIDCo Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation

CPCB Central Pollution Control Board

EP Environment Protection

ESIA Environment and Social Impact Assessment

ESMF Environment and Social Management Framework

ESMP Environment and Social Management Plan

FGD Focus Group Discussion

GAP Ganga Action Plan

GoI Government of India

MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest

NGRBA National Ganga River Basin Authority

NGO Non- Government Organization

NPRR National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation

NP National Park

OP Operational Policy

PMG Program Management Group

R&R Resettlement and Rehabilitation Framework

SC Supervision Consultant

SPMG Special Program Management Group

ULB Urban Local Body

WB World Bank

WLPA Wild Life Protection Act

WLS Wild Life Sanctuary


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1. INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND

River Ganga has a significant economic, environmental and cultural value in India. Rising in the

Himalayas and flowing into the bay of Bengal, the river traverses through a course of more than

2500km in the plains of north and eastern India. The Ganga basin (which also extends into parts of

Nepal, China and Bangladesh) accounts for about 26 percent of India’s landmass, 30 percent of its

water resources and more than 40 percent of its population. Ganga is India’s holiest river and has a

cultural and spiritual significance that far transcends the boundaries of the basin.

Figure 1. 1The Gangaand its spirituality

Increasing population in the basin and haphazard urbanization and industrial growth has significantly

impacted the water quality of river Ganga, particularly during the dry season. The primary sources of

pollution are untreated sewage and industrial wastewater. Non-point pollution sources from agriculture

and livestock, religious activities at various locations along the river, as well as poor solid waste

management, also contribute to pollution. In addition, substantial abstraction of water, primarily for

irrigation, has led to low flows and associated poor water quality in the critical middle stretch of the

river.

The previous attempt to clean the river, such as Ganga Action Plan (GAP) launched in 1985 have

provided some gains in arresting rate of water quality degradation, but lot more needs to be done.


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Lessons from earlier experience indicate that improving water quality in the Ganga cannot be

achieved by plugging the infrastructure gap alone. Any effective initiative will have to adopt a three-

pronged approach by (i) establishing a basin-level multi-sectoral strategy for addressing pollution in

the river (ii) making relevant institutions operational and effective and (iii) implementing a phased

program for Ganga clean up.

As a major first step in this direction, the Government of India (GoI) has established the National

Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) for comprehensive management of the river. The NGRBA

program will adopt a river basin approach and has been given multi-sectoral mandate to address both

water quantity and quality aspects. The NGRBA has resolved that by year 2020 no untreated

municipal sewage or industrial effluent will be discharged into river Ganga.

1.1 OBJECTIVE

The NGRBA program will finance infrastructure investments to reduce pollution loads at priority on the

river. The investments are intended to exemplify, among other attributes, the high standards of

technical preparation and implementation, sustainability of operations and public participation. The

majority of investments in the NGRBA program are expected to be in the wastewater sector,

particularly in wastewater treatment plants and sewerage networks. Investments will also be

supported in industrial pollution control and prevention (e.g. common effluent treatment plants), and

river front management (e.g. improvement of the built environment along river stretches,

improvements of small ghats1 and electric crematoria and the conservation and preservation of

ecologically sensitive sites). Many investments are likely to combine elements of more than one of

these sectors.An investment framework has been finalized for the selection of program investments.

The objectives of this investments framework are to:

Provide a filter for all the NGRBA investments, for ensuring that the selected investments are

well-prepared and amongst the most effective in reducing the pollution loads

Make transparent the decision making process on investment selection; and,

Ensure that the investments are implemented in a sustainable manner.

1.2 PORTFOLIO INVESTMENTS

The portfolio of investments to be implemented is given in table 1.1. These investments in the first

phase of program is spread across several cities and/or towns within Ganga main stem states of

Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal and may be extended to entire

Ganga river basin comprising of 11 states in the later phases.

1 As used in many parts of Northern South Asia and in Indian Subcontinent, the term ghat refers to a series of steps leading

down to a body of water, particularly a holy river. In Bengali-speaking regions, this set of stairs can lead down to something as small as a pond or as large as a major river.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asia


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Table 1-1 : Portfolio of Investments

S.No Portfolio of

Investments

Possible portfolio components

1 Sewerage and

sanitation

systems/sewage

treatment plants

(new/up

gradation)

Provision of an entirely new sewerage network including individual

house connections

Extensions to existing sewerage networks in some parts of

cities/towns to include areas which are un sewered hitherto or to newly

developed areas in the recent years

Entirely new sewage treatment plants/facility

Augmentation of capacities in existing sewage treatment plant/facility

Remodeling/Renovation of existing sewage treatment facilities,

resulting in better effluent quality and augmented treatment capacity

2 Solid Waste

Management

Engineered landfills with leachate collection and treatment systems

Waste segregation and composting facilities

Waste Processing or Waste to Energy Facilities

3 Industrial Pollution

Control Initiatives

Common effluent treatment plant

Common hazardous waste management facilities

Pilot treatment facilities for various industrial sectors

Waste minimization and Clean technology program

4 River front

Management

initiatives

River front management and beautification

Construction of bathing ghats

Development of crematoria, situated on river banks

1.3 AIM OF INVESTMENTS

The portfolio of investments are aimed at preventing the discharge of untreated sewage into river

Ganga and thus aiding abatement of river water pollution and improvement in water quality.

Consequently, this also contributes to the improvement in the status of environment health and

sanitation for the citizens of the concerned cities and towns. The investments to be implemented have

its own beneficial as well as adverse impacts. The significance of these impacts depends on the

individual project, its size and location. The likely beneficial impacts of the investments include the

following:

Improvement in sewage collection and treatment within the cities/towns;

Prevention of storm drains carrying sanitary sullage or dry weather flow;

Prevention of ground water and soil pollution due to infiltration of untreated liquid waste;

Prevention of discharge of untreated sewage into river Ganga;


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Improvement in water quality of river;

Improvement in environmental sanitation health and reduction in associated health hazards

within cities/towns;

Improvement in quality of life, human dignity and increased productivity;

Reduced nuisance of open defecation due to low cost sanitation and reduced malarial risks

and other health hazards and vector borne diseases; and,

Improved community participation and sense of ownership

1.4 River Front Management Investments

River front management is one of the portfolios of investment to be taken up under NGRBA mandate.

River front management under NGRBA mandate includes:

River front development schemes;

Beautification of river banks;

Construction of bathing ghats along rivers;

Improvement of lakes and water bodies

Redevelopment of cremation ground

These river front management works would be included under one investment. The requirement of

land for these works is moderate and much lesser than that is required for other NGRBA investments

like sewage treatment or solid waste treatment facility. Although, these facilities are frequently used

by the citizens, the location of these investments will not generally involve displacement of people.

The proposed Patna River Front Development (RFD) is part of the River front management

investments under NGRBA.

1.5 Patna River Front Development

1.5.1 Proposed Developments

The proposed Patna river front development project would involve the following projects:

Development of 20 ghats (from Anta ghat to Naujar ghat including change room);

Promenades including kiosks (connecting some of the ghats together);

Community cum cultural centres;

Landscape work in the precinct zones;

City level parks; and,

Improvement of approach roads to the precincts

Development of Crematoria in Gulvi Ghat to an electric crematoria

Development of interceptor drain (total 8 nos.)

Sulabh Toilet Complex


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Details of the developments are given below:

1.5.2 Development of Ghats

The proposed 20 ghats considered to be developed under this project given in table 1.2 and shown in

figure 1.2 respectively.

Table 1-2 : List of Ghats

Figure 1.2 Potential of ghat as a public Space

Promenades including kiosks (connecting some of the ghats together)

The proposed development of promenades are given below and shown in figure 1.3 and 1.4:

Ghat Names

Anta ghat B.N. College ghat

Adalat ghat Mishri ghat

T.N. Banerjee ghat Krishna ghat

Baharwa ghat Rani ghat

Ghagha ghat Raushan ghat

Choudharytola ghat Pathri ghat

Alamgaunj ghat Naurwa ghat

Hanuman ghat Raja ghat

Gai ghat Bhadra ghat

Mahavir ghat Naujar ghat


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Name of

Precinct

Connected Ghats

Precinct-I Collectorate ghat Anta ghat B.N.College ghat Mahendru ghat

till Adalat ghat

Precinct-II Adalat ghat To Gandhi ghat

Precinct-III Gandhi ghat to Rani ghat

Precinct-IV Bhadra ghat Mahavir ghat Naujar ghat

Figure 1. 3 Urban Precincts proposed


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Figure 1. 4 Design of Urban Precinct (3D-View)

After the development of the urban precincts the view of a ghat is shown in figure 1.5.

Figure 1. 5: View of ghats after the proposed development of urban precinct


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1.5.3 Community cum cultural centres

Three number of community cum culture centres are proposed as given below and shown in figure

1.6.

Community cum Eco Centre at Collectorate ghat: This centre is facilitated with community

landscape court with sit out, eco-centre cum meeting hall, café sitting in the second floor. The

total built up area would be 2014 sq.m.

Community cum cultural Centre at Bhadra ghat: This centre will be facilitated with food court

and community hall and children centre, multi purpose hall for dance and performance and a

promenade view café. The total built up area would be 1273 sq.m.

Dolphin Research Centre at Gai ghat:In the ground floor there will be research centre and in

the 1st floor there will be exhibition hall. The total built up area would be 950 sq.m

Café at Patna College: This centre will be facilitated with café in the ground floor, Reading

room and kids reading area in the 1st floor and Amphitheatre and viewing deck in the 2

nd floor.

The proposed built up area is 381 sq.m

Audio-Visual theatre at Gandhi ghat: This centre is facilitated with café in the ground floor,

audio-visual hall in the 1st floor, amphitheater and viewing deck in the 2

nd floor. Toal built up

area 381 sq.m.

Figure 1. 6: Proposed Community cum Eco-centre at Gai ghat


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1.5.4 Landscape work at Precinct Zones

The proposal has also put forward a framework to integrate landscape in to the existing river edge

design. The landscape design has listed criteria like edge restoration, bio-diversity for wildlife,

methods for carbon reduction , providing Larger open space for people for rituals, activity and

exercise, walks, workshops, seminars, shade areas for people, concepts of bio-degradable garbage,

flood control through land scape engineering and environmental education.

The development on the river edge has to be of a kind that does n’t harm the river ecology.The design

solution is a sustainable process. Steps have been taken to put in place on the promenade

networkofwastedisposal.Thetexturesanduseofmaterialbesuchthatitwouldbegreenandenvironmentfrien

dly.

Landscape work has been proposed in four (4) number of precinct zones as given below and shown

in figure 1.7:

Precinct Landscape Work Landscape Work Landscape Work

Precinct-I Collectorate ghat to Anta ghat Anta ghat to B.N

college ghat

B.N College ghat to

Mahendru ghat

Precinct-II Mishri ghat to T.N Banerjee ghat T.N Banerjee ghat to

Kali ghat

Precinct-III Gandhi ghat to Bharva ghat Bharva ghat to Law

college ghat

Rani ghat to Gulvi ghat

Precinct-IV Gai ghat to Naujar ghat

The proposal under the landscape works at the precinct zones will include the following aspects:

Riparian edge restoration, planting long edge for biodiversity of wild life, carbon reduction,

nutrient exchange along edge

Large open space to facilitate people for rituals, activity and exercise, walks, workshops,

seminars, shade areas for people

Nitrogen and Phosphrous reduction through bio-filtration phytorid (from NEERI-CSIR India)

from sewage filled discharge

Solid waste management through in-situ aerobic composting (for bio-degradable waste)

Flood control through landscape engineering permanent and temporary

Environmental education


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Figure 1. 7: Restoring the riparian edge and landscaping

1.5.5 City level parks

2 nos. of city level parks are proposed respectively at Patna College ghat and Gai ghat

1.5.6 Improvement of approach roads to the precincts

Following approach roads are proposed for improvement:

Approach road to precinct-I

Approach road to precinct-II

Approach road to precinct-III

Approach road to precinct-IV

Approach road to Krishna ghat

Approach road to Choudurytola ghat

Approach to Pathri ghat

Approach to Gai ghat

Approach to Raja ghat

A schematic view of proposed development of approach road is given in figure 1.8.


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Figure 1. 8: Proposed approach road development of Gai ghat

1.5.7 Development of Electric Cremetoria at Gulvi Ghat

At present the present crematoria uses wood as burning material. This electric crematoria will help in

reducing the wood consumption and next it would give more burning facilities. This electric crematoria

would help in burning 30 dead bodies in a day.

1.5.8 Development of Sulabh Toilet Complex

Sulabh toilet complex are proposed at 3 locations as part of the project namely at Collectorate Ghat,

Anta Ghat and Bhadra Ghat. Nearly 600 people are expected to use each of these toilets in a day.

1.5.9 Development of Interceptor Drain

The project also envisagesto improve interceptor drains to capture the sewage getting directly

disposed to Ganga from the building along the ghat and then finally dispose them off at a city sewer

manual to divert the same to a STP. A total 8 such interceptor drains are being proposed.


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1.5.10 Environmental Awareness

The proposed river front development has potential to become one of the recreational and cultural

hub of the city and can emerge as lively urban face. This can transform the water front areas from

marginal use and connect to main stream, public activity etc. Once such public place is being

developed then the necessary environmental awareness and citizen’s responsibility towards the

cleanliness of river Ganga is expected to be developed along with increase of tourism. It is expected

that the proposed river front development in Patna would enhance the environmental awareness

specifically addressing (i) sanitation issues, (ii) prevent disposal of untreated sewage from the houses

adjoining the ghats, (iii) prevent uncontrolled disposal of solid waste in the river, (iv) ecological

awareness among people and among the fishermen specifically regarding Ganga Dolphin and (v)

Open Defecation. The Project also expected to generate awareness among the pilgrims along with

various line department health, safety and environmental issues during festivals like Chath

and“Ganga Arati”.

1.6 Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF)

An ESMF has been developed for all the NGRBA portfolios of investments. According to ESMF, no

such adverse or negative impacts are expected from river front management works until there are

no major interferences in the river flow channel hydraulics which can trigger erosion and siltation

issues either in situ or elsewhere along the course of the river. Impacts due to such investments could

be minimized or mitigated by appropriate interventions and engineering designs.

The ESMF of NGRBA for river front management work envisages following Environmental issues in

general:

Change in land use and drainage pattern

Change in channel hydraulics, triggering erosion and siltation problems either at in situ or

elsewhere along the course of river

Impact due to inadequate solid and liquid waste disposal arrangements

Impact due to inadequate sanitation , health and safety facilities

Impact on river water quality due to proposed amenities

Impact on environmental aesthetics and cultural values

However in Patna RFD, the project has been envisaged to take care of the issues in the design stage

itself. For example the ecological edge restoration work, development of land scape actually helps in

improving the present situation of drainage pattern. The project also envisaged to provide

management of solid and liquid waste expected to generate from the project and thereby improving

the river water quality.

The project also provides various benefits due to such river front development such as:


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Ensuring more safe environment for bathing for children and older people with the

implementation of life guard and guard rails;

Opportunities for employment for people who will operate kiosks and other informal economic

activities due to development of the ghats as an open public place to the people of Patna;

More efficient management of solid waste and sewerage generated along project ghats;and,

Improvement of safety measures with deployment of efficient exit routes during religious

gatherings along the project ghats.

1.7 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF EIA

The present Patna RFD project will be implemented by NGRBA and for that assistance has been

sought from World Bank. According to screening study (given in details in chapter-4) and as per

NGRBA’s framework the project falls under high impact category and hence an EIA study is required

along with specific EMP. Also as per World Bank’s safeguard policy (OP: 4.01: Environment

Assessment) an Environmental Assessment may be required if the proposed development work

envisages to have some impact (adverse or positive) to surrounding environment.

The scope of the EIA study has been finalized based upon the project screening and categorization

and is given below:

Project screening and scoping;

Project categorization considering the OP: 4.01 (Environment Assessment);

Detailed assessment of natural habitats in the river and its riparian areas;

Assessment of water quality along the river stretch both through secondary and primary data

generation;

Preparation of study area maps for an immediate vicinity of 200m-1km from either side of the

river through satellite imagery to understand the details of vegetation and potential of siltation.

Aquatic Ecological assessment of the river at various taxonomy levels for the stretch of ghat

development program;

Assessment of existing sewage disposal and proposed improvement mechanism for

restricting sewage and other trade effluent disposal (if any) in to the ghat development

section;

Assessment of proposed Solid Waste Management System as part of the proposed

development;

Assessment of possible impact on river bed due to the proposed engineering measures for

ghat development and possible management measures (if any);

Assessment of physical and cultural Resources along the project stretch and assessment of

potential beneficial and adverse impact on such resources from the project;

Assessment of possible Environmental Quality measures and monitoring mechanism;

Assessment of possible Environment Management measures and cost;


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1.8 PROPOJECT PROPONENT

National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) is the project proponent for this project.

1.9 TECHNICAL CONSULTANT AND ARCHITECT

M/s Sen and Lall Consultants Pvt. Ltd. is the technical consultant for this project and M/s NilaA

Architecture and Urban Design is the architect consultant for this project for the proposed river front

development in Patna including development of 20 ghats, promenade including kiosks, community

cum cultural centre, landscape work in the precinct zones, city level parks and development of

approach road to the ghats.

1.10 EIA CONSULTANT

M/s Voyants Solutions Pvt. Ltd. is the EIA consultant for the project.

1.11 STRUCTURE OF EIA

The present EIA report is has been arranged in following chapters.

Chapter- 1 Introduction

This chapter describes briefly describes the project, NGRBA

Portfolios of Investments, the ESMF and need of EIA study.

Chapter- 2 Project Description

In the chapter the existing conditions of the ghats and proposed

developments taken under the projects are described along with the

cost summary of total investment under Patna RFD

Chapter- 3 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework

This Chapter captures the policy and legal framework of government

of India as well the policies of World Bank that are applicable to the

project.

Chapter-4 Description of Environment

Description of the baseline environmental condition including the

baseline conditions of river water quality, terrestrial and aquatic

ecology, air, noise and soil quality are briefly described in this

chapter.

Chapter-5 Analysis of Alternative

This chapter describes the alternatives considered in the project

towards improving the project.

Chapter-6 Environmental Impacts and Assessment

This chapter provides details of the potential impacts from the project

on various environmental factors and mitigation measures proposed

for the construction and operation stage


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Chapter-7 Public Consultation

This chapter briefly describes the consultation measures carried out

with the various sections of common public in and around the project

area and the suggestions provided under the consultation are

documented.

Chapter-8 Environmental Management Plan

This chapter envisages the requirement of Environmental

Management Plan including the monitoring and supervision

framework for the implementation of EMP along with the budget for

implementing EMP.

Chapter-9 Conclusion and Recommendation

This chapter provides the conclusion about the implementation of the

project and provides necessary recommendations.


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2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

A detailed project report on riverfront revitalization is being prepared to enhance the potential of

Patna’s riveredge infrastructure and future decade. This is anunprecedented opportunity to create

new public realm facing towards the river that is strongly connected to the city’s urban fabric. The

report outlines a set of urban strategies that form the larger civic vision to the water front in the city

and illustrates the detail proposal in ghat precincts.

Our attempt has been to provide proposal that

workscollaborativelywithArchitectureandEngineering,UrbandesignandEcologyandLandscapeDesign.T

hestudyspannedoveralengthof7kmofthewaterfrontstartingatCollectorateghatanddowntherivertillGanga

Setuandbeyond upto Naujar ghat.

Figure 2.1: Artists view of Golaghar Patna

The history of Patna spans three millennia and has the distinction of being associated with two most

ancient religions of the world, namely, Buddhism and Jainism. The state has seen the rise and fall of

mighty empires of the Mauryas and the Guptas. The Patna was originally known as Patliputra in the

Mauryan empire. From this city the famed emperor Chandragupta ruled a vast empire from Bay of

Bengal to Afghanistan.

This state has also produced several eminent world class scholars namely:

Aryabhatt-Famous mathematician and astronomers

Chanakya-Master of State Craft and Guru of Chandragupta Maurya

It is believed that Patliputra was among the largest cities of the world between 300 and 195B.C.


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Celebration of religious festivals:

The famous ChhathPuja of Eastern India is celebrated in Patna with great gaiety on river Ganga’s

banks. More than five lakhs devotees offer Puja to Sun God on the occasion of Chhath Puja in the

month of October. On this occasion lakhs of people trek to Ganges and after holy dip in the Ganges

worship Sun God.

Recently Ganga Aarti has started at 2 nos. ghats, namely Gandhi ghat and Bhadra ghat. The Tourism

Department is conducting these on weekly basis and already has emerged an attractive weekly event

of city. Such programs can create enormous awareness for cleanliness of river Ganges.

2.1 EXISTING GHAT CONDITIONS

During the visit of the project team of VSPL to assess the existing conditions of the ghats the following

point emerges:

Sanitation: At present the existing facilities at the ghats are quite poor. Practically there is no

change room or toilet facility in the ghats. Disposal of raw sewage from buildings, slums are

very common along with open defecation along the edge. Further there are dairy units along

the ghat the waste is directly disposed to river Ganga (Refer Figure 2.2).

ThemightyriverGangesisanintrinsicpartof lifeofPatna.

Thisbeinganhistoricalcitythesettlementsstartedrightafter river’sbankedgeandconsequentlytheriver’sedge

remainedunattended.Thegreatpotentialof riverfrontdevelopmenteludedthe

peopleofPatna.NowwiththisdecisionofBiharGovt.todeveloptheGangariverfront,a greatopportunityfor

Urbantransformationofcityhas emerged. The benefitsofthisriverfrontdevelopmentare

immense.Afewsalientbenefits arespecifiedbelow.

The spread of Patna along river Ganga The spread of Patna city in and around Gandhi

Maidan


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Disposal of sewage from building lines along

ghat to river ganga

Domesticated animal and dairy units along ghat,

disposal of animal waste to river Ganga

Open Defecation along edges of river Ganga Direct disposal of solid waste from the

slum/colnies along the river bank into river Ganga

Figure 2.2: Sanitation issues along the ghats

Festivals and Safety: The ghats are neither big enough to accommodate thousands of

Devotees during Chhat festival. There are high chances of accident if any mishap happens

with the devotees. In fact the same thing happened on 19th

of November 2012 when during

Chatt festival 17 people killed due to stampede at the Adalatgaunj Ghat in Patna.

Encroachments: Illegal colonies, slums and encroachment are observed along the ghat

especially to name Bhadra ghat where high density of slum observed. The colonies are

developed so close to the bank that during monsoon chances of drowning and unsafe

condition prevails. (Refer figure 2.3).


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Figure 2.3: Slums at edge of river Ganga

Safety issues during Night time: There are hardly any light in the ghats making it really

unsafe to women and general public as well. Women are not seen in the ghats after 4 p.m. On

the contrary at Gandhi Ghatwhich has been developed for recreational purpose notices

presence of women even after 9 p.m. This shows that if there is proper ghat developed people

will use it.

Figure 2.4:Gandhi Ghat (the only developed ghat at moment)

Edge Restoration:. Stone pitching has been observed along the river bank. This is a practice

being done to restore the banks from erosion but it does not exist more than 2-3 years and

every time such types of edge restoration work without any kind of landscaping or green area

reduces the ecological activities in the river edges and thus impacts the food chain (Figure 2.4)

Unsafe Ghats-No clear entry exit route: At present the ghats are very narrow and each step

height are very steep (avg. 10-13 inch) especially as observed in Mishri Ghat. Almost all the

ghats do have some temple and devotees go for puja. The steep steps may be ok for youth


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and adult but for children, women and aged persons these kind of steps are not very safe

option. Further the steps are slippery due to water and may cause accident.

Further, there is no such demarked entry or exit route to the ghats from the banks which also

create lot of unsafe condition during mass gathering like chatt festival etc.

Present Initiative of Bihar Government: It would also be very pertinent to mention that at

present the river front development/ management report has been worked upon from

Collectorate ghat only. The reason is that till last year Ganges course had swerved away from

Patna City and rejoined at Collectorate ghat only. Form here the river again runs along the city

river banks.


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Figure 2.5:Adalat Ghat Edge Condition Analysis (Boulder pitching at the edges)


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Figure 2.6:Edge condition Analysis in Krishna Ghat


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2.2 NEED FOR PATNA RFD

Development of River front has emerged as lively Urban Core of cities - their socio-cultural, and

recreation centres. Patna is also trying to improve the waterfront use from marginal and neglect into

the mainstream of public life. Today everyone recognizes the value of waterfronts for recreation and

ecological reasons. Projects for improvement of river water quality by preventing disposal of sewage

directly into the river by collection of sewage and its treatment before disposal into water body are

being prepared separately.

After several discussions with the government agencies and NGRBA the need for the river front

development in Patna along river Ganga was taken in to consideration mainly for the following reasons:

Upgradation of Ghats acutely needed:

At present the existing facilities at the ghats are quite poor. Practically there is no change room or toilet

facility in the ghats. The ghats are also not big enough to accommodate thousands of Devotees during

Chhat festival. There is hardly any ghat where Visitors to Patna can go for an enjoyable glimpse of river

Ganges.

Environmentalawareness:








adjoin the ghats, (iii) prevent uncontrolled disposal of solid waste in the river, (iv) ecological


Open Defecation. The Project also expected to generate awareness among the pilgrims as well as

with the line department regarding the health, safety and environmental issues during mass gathering

of people during famous chatt festival and “Ganga Arati” along Ganga ghats.

Ghats Landscaping :

Atpresentonly stone pitching work has been observed along the banks which are generally need to

be repeated for every 2-3 years of time. This generally reduces the ecological activities along the

banks.

The proposed project is proposed with ecological edge restoration work along the banks.

2.3 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTS

The proposed Patna river front development project would involve the following projects:

Development of 20ghats (from Anta ghat to Naujar ghat including change room);


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Promenades including kiosks (connecting some of the ghats together);

Community cum cultural centres;

Landscape work in the precinct zones;

City level parks; and,

Improvement of approach roads to the precincts

Development of Crematoria in Gulvi Ghat to an electric crematoria

Development of interceptor drain (total 8 nos.)

Sulabh Toilet Complex

Details of the developments are given below:

2.3.1 Development of Ghats

The proposed 20ghats considered to be developed under this project given in table 2.1 and shown in

figure 2.2 respectively.

Table 2-1 : Proposed Ghats for development

Ghat Names












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Figure 2.7 Potential of ghat as a public Space

2.3.2 Promenades including kiosks (connecting some of the ghats together)

The proposed development of promenades are given below and shown in figure 2.7 and 2.8:

Name of

Precinct

Connected Ghats

Precinct-I Collectorate ghat Anta ghat B.N.College ghat Mahendru ghat

till Adalat ghat

Precinct-II Adalat ghat To Gandhi ghat

Precinct-III Gandhi ghat to Rani ghat

Precinct-IV Bhadra ghat Mahavir ghat Naujar ghat


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Figure 2.8: Urban Precincts proposed

Figure 2. 9: Design of Urban Precinct (3D-View)


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After the development of the urban precincts the view of a ghat is shown in figure 2.10.

Figure 2.9:View of ghats after the proposed development of urban precinct

2.3.3 Community cum cultural centres

Three number of community cum culture centres are proposed as given below and shown in figure

2.11.

Community cum Eco Centre at Collectorate ghat: This centre is facilitated with community

landscape court with sit out, eco-centre cum meeting hall, café sitting in the second floor. The

total built up area would be 2014 sq.m.

Community cum cultural Centre at Bhadra ghat: This centre will be facilitated with food court

and community hall and children centre, multi purpose hall for dance and performance and a

promenade view café. The total built up area would be 1273 sq.m.

Dolphin Research Centre at Gai ghat:In the ground floor there will be research centre and in

the 1st floor there will be exhibition hall. The total built up area would be 950 sq.m

Café at Patna College: This centre will be facilitated with café in the ground floor, Reading

room and kids reading area in the 1st floor and Amphitheatre and viewing deck in the 2

nd floor.

The proposed built up area is 381 sq.m

Audio-Visual theatre at Gandhi ghat: This centre is facilitated with café in the ground floor,

audio-visual hall in the 1st floor, amphitheater and viewing deck in the 2

nd floor. Total built up

area 381 sq.m.


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Figure 2.10:Proposed Community cum Eco-centre at Gai ghat

2.3.4 Landscape work at Precinct Zones:

The proposal has also put forward a framework to integrate landscape in to the existing river edge

design. The landscape design has listed criteria like edge restoration, bio-diversity for wildlife,

methods for carbon reduction , providing Larger open space for people for rituals, activity and

exercise, walks, workshops, seminars, shade areas for people, concepts of bio-degradable garbage,

flood control through land scape engineering and environmental education.

The development on the river edge has to be of a kind that doesn’t harm the river ecology. The design

solution is a sustainable process. Steps have been taken to put in place on the promenade network of

waste disposal. The textures and use of material be such that it would be green and environment

friendly.

Landscape work has been proposed in four (4) number of precinct zones as given below and shown

in figure 2.12:

Precinct Landscape Work Landscape Work Landscape Work

Precinct-I Collectorateghat to Anta ghat Anta ghat to B.N

college ghat

B.N College ghat to

Mahendru ghat

Precinct-II Mishri ghat to T.N Banerjee ghat T.N Banerjee ghat to

Kali ghat


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Precinct-III Gandhi ghat to Bharva ghat Bharva ghat to Law

college ghat

Rani ghat to Gulvi ghat

Precinct-IV Gai ghat to Naujar ghat

The proposal under the landscape works at the precinct zones will include the following aspects:

Riparian edge restoration, planting long edge for biodiversity of wild life, carbon reduction,


Large open space to facilitate people for rituals, activity and exercise, walks, workshops,

seminars, shade areas for people

Nitrogen and Phosphrous reduction through bio-filtration phytorid (from NEERI-CSIR India)

from sewage filled discharge

Solid waste management through in-situ aerobic composting (for bio-degradable waste)

Flood control through landscape engineering permanent and temporary

Environmental education

Figure 2.11:Restoring the riparian edge and landscaping

2.3.5 City level parks:

2 nos. of city level parks are proposed respectively at Patna College ghat and Gai ghat

2.3.6 Improvement of approach roads to the precincts

Following approach roads are proposed for improvement:

Approach road to precinct-I

Approach road to precinct-II

Approach road to precinct-III


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Approach road to precinct-IV

Approach road to Krishna ghat

Approach road to Choudurytola ghat

Approach to Pathri ghat

Approach to Gai ghat

Approach to Raja ghat

A schematic view of proposed development of approach road is given in figure 2.13.

Figure 2.12:Proposed approach road development of Gai ghat

2.5.8 Development of Electric Cremetoria at Gulvi Ghat

At present the present crematoria uses wood as burning material. This electric crematoria will help in

reducing the wood consumption and next it would give more burning facilities. This electric crematoria

would help in burning 30 dead bodies in a day.

2.5.9 Development of Sulabh Toilet Complex

Sulabh toilet complex are proposed at 3 locations as part of the project namely at Collectorate Ghat,

Anta Ghat and Bhadra Ghat. Nearly 600 people are expected to use each of these toilets in a day.

2.5.10 Development of Interceptor Drain

The project also envisages to improve interceptor drains to capture the sewage getting directly


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disposed to Ganga from the building along the ghat and then finally dispose them off at a city sewer

manual to divert the same to a STP. A total 8 such interceptor drains are being proposed.

2.5.10 Environmental Awareness








adjoining the ghats, (iii) prevent uncontrolled disposal of solid waste in the river, (iv) ecological


Open Defecation. The Project also expected to generate awareness among the pilgrims along with

various line department health, safety and environmental issues during festivals like Chath

and“Ganga Arati”.

2.4 PROJECT LOCATION

The proposed project site is located along the river Ganga starting from Collectorate ghat and spread

beyond the Ganga setu. Few of the ghats are proposed to be connected through promenade and

would also involve landscape work.

The location map of the proposed project site is provided in Figure 2.14 and existing landuse along

the ghats are shown in Figure 2.15.


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Figure 2.13:Project Location


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Figure 2.14:Landuse along project ghats


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2.5 ADDITIONAL BENEFIT

‘Chaht Festival’ is the most important festival of Bihar. Millions of devotees congregate on bank of

river Ganga for taking a dip and also undertake other religious rituals. The celebration of Chhat

festival would become much more comfortable to these devotees by construction of walkway and the

socio-cultural centres.

This will also help in developing tourist attraction as Ganga Arati can be organized on regular basis at

2 – 3 ghats as is done in other religious cities like Varanasi, Haridwar etc. This will also help develop

ecological awareness to prevent the pollution of the river.

The Promenades will provide an alternative passage for people to travel from one ghat to the other

directly without getting on to the main road. This will greatly reduce traffic on main road and reduce

misery of people in traffic, particularly during festival times. The Promenades will reduce the distance

to be travelled and time required for going from one ghat to the other substantially. The Promenades

will also provide a panoramic view of the river banks and ghats to the visitors.

2.6 PROJECT COST

The proposed cost for the project is given in table 2.2.

Table 2-2 : Proposed Project Cost

S.No Description of Item Cost (INR Lakh)

1 Development of 20ghats (from Anta ghat to Naujar ghat including

change room)

8929.37

2 Promenades including kiosks (connecting ghats together) 8751.07

3 Community cum cultural centres 1660.04

4 Landscape work in the precinct zones 425.60

5 City level parks 833.14

6 Improvement of approach roads to the precincts 262.11

7 Development of Gulvi ghat 750.77

8 Interceptor Drain 326.97

9 Sulabh Toilet Complex 36.96

10 Information Education and communication campaign 75.00

11 ESMP Cost 511.89

12 Add contingency (8%) 1764.08

Total 24327.00


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3. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

The policies, regulations and administrative framework within which the project is to be implemented with

respect to environmental management and protection are reviewed in this section. The review includes

the sector-specific Environmental and Policies and Regulations of the Government of India, National

policies regarding socio-economic issues and the Administrative framework of various agencies, such as

the Ministry of Environment and Forest, the Pollution Control Boards and other bodies associated with the

implementation of the proposed project.

The following laws and regulations are application to the environment and social aspects of the proposed

ghat development program:

Policy and regulatory framework of Govt. of India

Environmental Policy of the respective State Governments

Legislations applicable to the construction activities

The Project is seeking financing from World Bank and hence their environmental and social safeguards

are also applicable to this Project. The categorization of the project as per World Bank guideline is

detailed in Chapter-4.

3.1 POLICIES AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA (GOI)

Constitutional Provisions

The Constitution of India, in Article 48, of Directive Principles of the State, states that “the state shall

endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife of the country”.

Further Article 51-A (g), of fundamental duties, emphasizes that, “It shall be the duty of every citizen of

India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to

have compassion for living creatures”. These two provisions of the constitution are the guiding principles

for the environmental legislation in India.

The Government of India has laid down various policy guidelines, regulations, acts and legislations

pertaining to sustainability and protection of the environment and its various components. The statutory

requirements for the proposed project are discussed briefly in the following paragraphs.

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

The Environment (Protection) Act, popularly known as EP Act, is an umbrella legislation that supplements

existing environmental regulations. Empowered by the EP Act, the Ministry of Environment and Forests


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(MoEF), the Government of India has issued the following notifications regulating the siting of industry

and operations, procuring clearance to establish industries and development of projects with appropriate

Environmental Impact studies, coastal zone regulations and many other aspects of environment through

notifications.

Environment Impact Assessment Notification 14th

September 2006:

This kind of project on river front development does not fall under Environmental clearance requirements

as per the EIA notification 2006 of MoEF.

Even the total covered built up area for the project is 10,000 sq.m and hence according to the EIA

notification, the project does not trigger the requirement of prior environmental clearance under category

8(a)2 also.

Hence the project does not require environmental clearance as per the rule of Govt. of India.

The key environmental laws and related regulations are given in table 3.1. The key environmental

regulations can also be accessed at www.MoEF.nic.in/rules-and-regulations

Table 3-1 : Environmental Regulations and Legislations

S.N

o

Act/Rules Purpose Applicabilit

y

(Yes/No)

Reasons for

Applicability

Authority

1. Forest

(Conservation)

Act, 1980 with

Amendments

Made in 1988

The Forest

(Conservation)

Act, 1980 has

been

formulated in

order to provide

the

conservation of

forests and for

matters

connected

therewith or

No As diversion of

reserved / protected

forest land is not

involved.All the trees

along the banks will

be saved

Forest

Department,

State Govt. and

MoEF, GoI

2As per 8(a) if the project built up area is more than 20,000 sq.m then only it triggers the requirement of environmental clearance.

http://www.moef.nic.in/rules-and-regulations


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S.N

o


y

(Yes/No)

Reasons for

Applicability

Authority

ancillary or

incidental

thereto.

2 Wildlife

(Protection) Act

1972

The Wildlife

Protection Act,

1972 has been

formulated in

order to protect

the wild life in

sanctuaries

and National

Park.

No/Yes This act is not

applicable as no

sanctuary / national

park exists within 10

km radius of project

site.

The vikramshila

Gangetic Dolphin

Sanctuary is more

than 160km from

project site

Chief

Conservator

Wildlife, Wildlife

wing, state

forest

department,

MoEF, GoI

3 Land Acquisition

Act, 1894 (As

amended)

Sets out rule

for acquisition

of land by govt.

No No private land

acquisition is

involved.

Revenue

Department,

State

Government

4 The Air

(Prevention and

Control of

Pollution) Act,

1981

To control air

pollution by

controlling

emission of air

pollutants as

per the

prescribed

Yes This act will be

applicable during the

construction stage

SPCB


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S.N

o


y

(Yes/No)

Reasons for

Applicability

Authority

standards.

5 Water Prevention

and Control of

(Pollution) act,

1974

To control

water pollution

by controlling

discharge of

pollutants as

per the

prescribed

standards

Yes This act is mainly

active during the

construction stage

SPCB

6 The Noise

Pollution

(Regulation and

Control) Rules,

2000

The standards

for noise for

day and night

have been

promulgated by

the MoEF for

various land

uses.

Yes This act will be

applicable for all

construction

equipments

deployed at worksite

SPCB

7 Municipal Solid

Wastes

(Management and

Handling) Rules,

2000

To manage

collection,

transportation,

segregation,

treatment and

disposal of

municipal solid

waste

No/Yes This rule is not

applicable to the

project as such.

However, waste

generated during

construction and

operation stage (by

regular ghat users)

MoEF, CPCB,

SPCB


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S.N

o


y

(Yes/No)

Reasons for

Applicability

Authority

are to be addressed

8 The Ancient

Monuments and

Archaeological Sites

and Remains Act,

1958

Conservation of

cultural and

historical

remains found

in India

No The proposed

development is not

in close proximity to

any ancient

monument declared

protected under this

act.

Archaeological

Dept., GoI,

Indian Heritage

Society and

Indian National

Trust for Art and

Culture

Heritage

(INTACH)

10 Public Liability Act

and Insurance act

1991

This act details

out the

requirement of

protection from

hazardous

materials and

accidents and

sets the

guideline how

to store the

hazardous

materials.

No Largely no such

hazardous waste is

being expected from

ghat development

project hence this

act is not applicable.

Contractor need to

abide by this act if

they store emulsions

etc.

SPCB


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S.N

o


y

(Yes/No)

Reasons for

Applicability

Authority

11 Explosives Act,

1984

This act details

out the

requirement for

safe

transportation,

storage and

use of

explosive

materials.

No No such blasting is

involved in the

project and storage

of diesel, oil and

lubricants will be not

that significant to

trigger this act

Chief Controller

of Explosives

12 Minor Mineral and

Concession Rule

For opening

new quarry

No Only licensed quarry

will be used and no

new quarry site will

be used for minor

minerals like stone,

soil, river sand etc.

District

Controller

13 The Mining Act

The mining act

has been

notified for safe

and sound

mining activity

No As the aggregate

materials will be

sourced from

vendors and no new

mining site is to be

used for the project.

Dept. of Mining,

State Govt.

14 National Forest

policy, 1988

To maintain

ecological

stability through

preservation

No No such eco-

sensitive feature is

present in the

project stretch as

Forest

Department,

State Govt. and

MoEF, GoI


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S.N

o


y

(Yes/No)

Reasons for

Applicability

Authority

and restoration

of biological

diversity

such.

Other applicable acts and rules mostly related to the construction activities are given below:

Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970

Engagement of labour and basic facility to be provided and labour licence to be obtained.

This act will be applicable for engagement of labour.

Minimum Wages Act, 1948

The employer is supposed to pay not less than the minimum wages fixed by appropriate government as

per provisions of the act.


The building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions

of Service) Act 1996 ad the Cess Act of 1996

All the establishments who carry on any building or other construction work employ 10 or more workers

are covered under this Act; the employer of the establishment is required to provide safety measures at

the building or construction work and other welfare measures, such as canteens, first-aid facilities,

ambulance, housing accommodation for workers near the workplace etc.)


Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2000

Whereas it is expedient to prohibit engagement of child in factory, mining and similar other risky work and

to make necessary provision for health. Child’s safety and services and facilities while engaging them in

other work.

This act will be applicable to make sure not to engage any child labour.


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3.2 SAFEGUARD POLICIES OF WORLD BANK

The proposed ghat development project may trigger the following operational policies of World Bank:

World Bank classifies supported projects into three categories namely:

Category-A: A proposed project is classified as Category A if it is likely to have significant adverse

environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may

affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. EA for a

Category A project examines the project's potential negative and positive environmental

impacts, compares them with those of feasible alternatives (including the "without project"

situation), and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or

compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance. For a

Category A project, the borrower is responsible for preparing a report, normally an EIA

(or a suitably comprehensive regional or sectoral EA) that includes, as necessary,

elements of the other instruments as given below:

Depending on the project, a range of instruments can be used to satisfy the Bank's EA

requirement: environmental impact assessment (EIA), regional or sectoral EA, strategic

Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project Yes No

Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) [x] [ ]

Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) [x ] []

Pest Management (OP 4.09) [ ] [x]

Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) [x] [ ]

Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) [x] [ ]

Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10) [ ] [x]

Forests (OP/BP 4.36) [ ] [x]

Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) [ ] [x]

Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60) [ ] [x]

Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50) [ ] [x]

http://www.worldbank.org/environmentalassessment

http://intranet.worldbank.org/WBSITE/INTRANET/OPSMANUAL/0,,contentMDK:20064724~pagePK:60001255~piPK:60000911~theSitePK:210385,00.html



















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environmental and social assessment (SESA), environmental audit, hazard or risk

assessment, environmental management plan (EMP) and environmental and social

management framework (ESMF). EA applies one or more of these instruments, or

elements of them, as appropriate. When the project is likely to have sectoral or regional

impacts, sectoral or regional EA is required.

Category-B: A proposed project is classified as Category B if its potential adverse environmental

impacts on human populations or environmentally important areas--including wetlands,

forests, grasslands, and other natural habitats--are less adverse than those of Category

A projects. These impacts are site-specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and in

most cases mitigatory measures can be designed more readily than for Category A

projects. The scope of EA for a Category B project may vary from project to project, but it

is narrower than that of Category A EA. Like Category A EA, it examines the project's

potential negative and positive environmental impacts and recommends any measures

needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve

environmental performance. The findings and results of Category B EA are described in

the project documentation (Project Appraisal Document and Project Information

Document of World Bank).

Category-C: A proposed project is classified as Category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse

environmental impacts. Beyond screening, no further EA action is required for a Category

C project.

The project categorization has been detailed in Chapter-4 after project screening.


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4. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

4.1 PROJECT INFLUENCE AREA

In Patna River Front Development (RFD) all the development work are associated with the right bank of

river Ganga. Hence the influence area considered for the EIA study is mainly concentrated within the right

bank and the ghat sections. In general 500m lateral distance from the right bank side has been

considered as Direct Project Influence Area (DPIA) and 1 km lateral distance from the right bank side has

been considered as Indirect Project Influence Area (IPIA).

Figure 4.1:Direct Project Influence Area (DPIA)

\

4.2 TEAM MOBILIZATION

The reconnaissance survey was carried out between 31st august and 1

st of September 2012 for the

purposed of proposed EIA study, site assessment, proposed ghat development works and fixation of

monitoring locations. Further, environmental quality monitoring team carried out environmental monitoring

and generated baseline data between 12th of September till 22

nd of September 2012.Further Focus group


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Discussion was also held in this period during the visit and deployment schedule of human resources

considered for the project are also planned. FGDs were also undertaken with various stakeholders as

detailed below:

FGD-1 : Local vegetable seller and boatman at Anta ghat

FGD2 : Local ghat Users in Mahendru ghat and Collectorate ghat

FGD3 : Slum population along river Ganga between Misri to Dr. T.N.Banerjee ghat

FGD4 : Common ghat users coming to ghat for passing time during evening period at Gandhi

ghat and Kali ghat

FGD5 : Relatives who gather in the funeral at the crematorium at Baikuntha Dham ghat

FGD6 : General Public discussion may be at some tourist place of the city (like Golaghar or

Gandhi Maidan to know their perception about ghat development work)

FGD7 : Local fishermen for understanding their livelihood and possibility of any impact on them.

FGD8 : Discussion with local fishermen for discussion as part of river Dolphin, its observation

frequency, poaching provisions and use of its oil for fishing etc.

4.3 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL SCREENING:

The details of environment and social screening details is shown in table 4.1 as given below:

Table 4-1 : Environment and Social Screening for River Front Development

Environment and social information format for screening

Project Title: River front development in Patna

Implementing Agency: National Ganga River Basin Authority

Project Cost:150 Crores

Project Components: Ghat development,

Project Location(Area/District)

S.No Screening Criteria Assessment of

Category(High/Low)

Explanatory note for

categorization

1 Is the project in an

eco-sensitive area or

adjoining an eco-

sensitivearea?(Yes/No

Low as the stretch does not

fall under any eco-sensitive

zone declared by Govt. of

India. The project area does

The project area does not fall

under any protected or conserved

area under forest act or wildlife

protection act (both terrestrial and


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Category(High/Low)


categorization

).If yes, which is the

area? Elaborate

impact accordingly.

not fall under any kind of

environmental sensitive zone

(such as wildlife sanctuary,

national park). The area

though is a habitat for Gaga

dolphin but their concentrated

mostly in the left bank and

Patna RFD will be constructed

in right bank.

aquatic).

2 Will the project create

significant /limited/no

social impacts?

Land acquisition

resulting in loss of

income from

agricultural land,

plantation or other

existing land use.

Land acquisition

resulting in

relocation of

households.

Any reduction of

This project will create limited

social impact.

No agricultural land or

plantation used for livelihood

present there. No private land

acquisition is involved, only

some squatter may need to be

displaced.

Except some slum population

(who are encroacher) no such

impact envisaged

Not going to be affected. All

the temples will be existing

The project does not have much

of a social impact due to:

As it is only a RFD work and

does not involve any private

land acquisition

The work is limited only at the

slope protection part where

only few encroachment has

been observed between misri

ghat and T.N.Banerjee ghat

Some dairy units are adjoined

along with cow shelters along

the bank who may need to

shifted to some other place.


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Category(High/Low)


categorization

access to tradition

and river

dependent

communities (to

river and areas

where they earn for

their primary or

substantial

livelihood).

Any displacement

or adverse impact

on tribal

settlements(S).

Any specific gender

issues.

and associated livelihood of

priests, ritual related livelihood

will continue

Not envisaged

No as such

This could be the only impact

from the project.

The project thus does not involve

much of social impact and the

category of impact may be

considered as low.

3 Will the project creates

significant/limited/no

environmental impacts

during the construction

stage?(Significant/limit

ed/no impacts)

Clearance of

vegetation /tree

There will be some limited

environmental impacts during

construction stage as given

below:

Not applicable

This will be taken care and

proper storage of material

Limited environmental impact is

envisaged and with set control

measures most of the impacts will

be minimized at the contractor’s

level only.


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Category(High/Low)


categorization

cover

Direct discharge of

construction run off,

improper storage

and disposal of

excavation spoils,

waste and other

construction

materials adversely

affecting water

quality and flow

regimes.

Flooding of

adjacent area

Improper storage

and handling of

substances leading

to contamination of

soil and water

Elevated noise and

dust emission

Disruption to traffic

movements

Damage to existing

infrastructure,

will be made and discharge

of debris will be reduced

Chances of flooding is very

less. Design is being made

with high flood data

Proper storage of materials

will be made along the bank

Required precaution to be

taken to minimize the

impact

Will be limited only to

approach roads being

considered for improvement

Very minimum and care

shall be taken to avoid the

same

Construction sites will be

restored

This will be checked in


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Category(High/Low)


categorization

public utilities,

amenities etc.

Failure to store

temporary

construction sites

Possible conflicts

with and /or

disruption to local

community

Health risks due to

unhygienic

conditions at works

camps

Safety hazards

during construction.

detailed during FGD and

ESIA. However during

screening, it is understood

that people welcome such

project

Health and Safety norms

will be set in the ESIA with

monitoring mechanism to

follow the same

4 Will the project create

significant /limited /no

environmental impacts

during the operation

stage?(Significant/Limi

ted/No impacts)

Flooding of

adjacent area

The project may create limited

environmental impacts during

the operation stage as:

Chances of flooding to

adjacent areas are less

due to more bank

protection/stabilization

Effluent from the project

Chances of these impacts are less

with the appropriate

implementation of the program.

However some safety risks and

health hazard risk is there during

the peak time of festivals. During

that time emergency

preparedness on the part of Bihar

Govt, NGOs and EMP


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Category(High/Low)


categorization

Impacts to water

quality due to

effluent discharge

Gas emission

Safety hazards

will be taken care through

sulabh toilet/mobile toilet

and interceptor drains

Chances of gas emission

is negligible from the

project

Proper protection in the

river front where the

promenade or road is

given shall be made to

avoid un avoidable

circumstances/accidents

etc.

No such impact is

envisaged on gangetic

dolphin in the right bank

side as they are more

concentrated in the left

bank side of river where

depth is available for their

movement. The project

includes riparian edge

restoration as compared

to stone pitching as being

carried out present days

for bank stabilization.

implementation team of NGRBA

need to take necessary step


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Category(High/Low)


categorization

Hence this will create more

natural habitat than at

present. Thus impact if on

dolphin from the present

project (if any) is positive

during the operation stage.

5 Do projects of this

nature/type require

prior environmental

clearance either from

the MoEF or from the

relevant state

Government

department?(MoEF

/relevant state

Government

department/No

clearance at all)

Not applicable as per the EIA

notification 2006

6 Does the project

involve any prior

clearance from the

MoEF or state Forest

department for either

the convention of

Forest land or for tree

Cutting?(Yes/NO)

No clearance is required from

MoEF and no tree cutting

would be involved and hence

no clearance from forest

department will be required.

The project area does not fall

under any notified eco-sensitive

zone and hence no prior

environmental clearance is

required.


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Category(High/Low)


categorization

7 Please attach

photographs and

location maps along

with this complete

Environmental format

for screening.

Attached separately with the

form

Overall Assessment Moderate

After overall assessment of the project, this project can be considered as having moderate impact on

Environment and Socio-economic environment. Hence as per the NGRBA framework (page 92, section

4.4.1 of NGRBA framework) projects with high and moderate impacts are being kept in high impact

project category. Accordingly this project falls under high impact category as per the NGRBA framework.

4.4 Project Surroundings

The proposed project is river front development in Ganga Ghats including development of 20 ghats(total

length of 6.50 km), promenade including kiosks, community cum cultural centre, landscape work in the

precinct zones, city level parks and development of approach road to the ghats. The photographs of the

ghats along River Ganga with name have been provided in the Table 4-2.

Table 4-2:Proposed Ghats for Developments along river Ganga in Ganga Ghats

Ghat Names






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Source: Feasibility Study

4.5 Baseline Data Collection

The baseline environmental setting has been studied using secondary data as well as primary data to

understand the present environmental scenario of the proposed location. Primary data hasbeen collected

at site during post monsoon season in the month of September , 2012 by Mitra S. K. Pvt. Ltd, Recognized

by NABL and MoEF.

4.5.1 Meteorological environment

4.5.1.1 Climate

The project ghats are within 1 km from Patna City.

The climate in Patna is characterized by quite hot summers to moderately cold winters. The day

temperature generally ranges from 21.1ºC (Avg.) in January to 38.7ºC (Avg.) in May and night

temperature from 7.3ºC (Avg.) in December to 27.7ºC in May/June (Avg.). The summer begins in April

and peaks in June/July with the temperature soaring up to 43°C (Max) till the moisture laden monsoon

wind bring some much-needed relief to the parched fields. The rains last through August & September

and continue into early October.

4.5.1.2 Ganga Basin Temperature in Patna

In the Ganga basin the mean maximum and mean minimum temperature as recorded in Patna is

respectively 31.9°Cand 20.8°C (Refer Table 4-3).

4.5.1.3 Relative Humidity

The relative humidity near the Ganga ghats is round 80 to 93 %.

4.5.1.4 Rainfall and Precipitation

The weather in the Ganga Ghats in Patna is characterized by a distinct wet season during the period of

south west monsoon (June to September). The air temperature starts falling with the onset of the








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monsoon from June onwards, making the weather more humid and equable. The diurnal range between

the daily mean minimum and the daily mean maximum temperature reduces progressively as the

monsoon advances. Eventually, the lowest diurnal range of temperature occurs at the peak of the

monsoon, which is usually in August, though sometimes in July. As soon as the monsoon is over, the

diurnal range of temperature starts increasing rapidly to a maximum attained during the month of

November. The rainfall and temperature details in Patna is given in Table 4-3.

Table 4-3 :Rainfall and Temperature at Patna in Ganga Basin

S.No Station

and

Year

Mean

Annual

Rainfall

(mm)

Water

surplus in

wet months;

Jul-Sep (mm)

Rainfall as

expressed in

percentage of

annual rainfall

from Jul-Sep (

Mean Temp in 0C

Maximum Minimum

1 Patna

(1951-

1980)

1003.4 807.1 80.4 31.9 20.8

Source: Indian Meteorological Department

4.5.1.5 Wind Speed

The maximum Wind speed is 177 km/h while the average wind speed during the year is 5 km/h

4.5.1.6 Wind Direction

By the Indian Metrological data (IMD) the wind direction near the river area varies from NE during the

summer season and SW during the winter season.

4.5.2 Physical environment

4.5.2.1 Topography

.The topography near the Ganga Ghats in Patna City is like a saucer and city has drainage issues during

monsoon season. This core area of Ganga Ghatsin Patna faces problems of over crowding (e.g.

Collectorate ghat, Anta ghat, B.N College ghat, Gulvi ghat etc.) which has lead to enormous pressure on

the physical infrastructure and traffic congestion. The newer development areas lying in the central and

western part of Ganga Ghats comprises of both plotted developments and apartment houses.


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A pre-independent image of Ganga ghats Image of collectorate ghat

4.5.2.2 Geology

Ganga ghatsare part of the Indo-Gangetic alluvium, one of the three main physiographic divisions of

India, which separates Extra-Peninsular regions on the north from the peninsular region on the south. The

level plain is known to be the outcome of a granular filling of a great depression with alluvial sediments

since Middle Pleistocene times. This forming a part of the flood plains of the Ganga has a monotonously

flat relief. The area under study is underlain by alluvial sediments of quaternary age. The quaternary

sediments are deposited unconformable on the Achaean basement. The generalized stratigraphic

sequence of the geological formations for the area is as follows. The geological map of Ganga basin is

shown in figure 4-2.

Figure 4.2:Geological Map of Ganga Basin


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4.5.2.3 Land use

The states falling under Ganga basin are extensively cultivated, constituting approximately about 40 per

cent of the total area of the India. About 14 per cent of land is not available for cultivation and put to

various non-agricultural uses. Although the net sown area constitutes 50 per cent of the Ganga basin

states area, the total cropped area & cultivable land constitutes 73 per cent & 65 percent of the basin

states area, respectively. The land use distribution of along Ganga river basin in Bihar is given in table 4-

4.

Table 4-4:Land Use Pattern along Ganga river basin

Geogr

aphic-

cal

Area

Reporting

Area for

Land

Utilization

Statistics

Forest Land not

Available

for

Cultivation

Total

Fallo

w

land

Net

Area

Sown

Total

Cropp

ed

Area

Agri.land/

Cultivable

Land/

cultural

land/Arable

Land

Cropping

Intensity

(%)

94160 93600 6220 20830 6860 56650 79100 66380 139.6

Source: Environment and Social Management Framework (NGRBA)

During the baseline study the existing land use pattern of the project and its surrounding area was

conducted and are presented in Figure 4-2, Figure 4-3 and Figure 4-4 respectively.

Figure 4.3:Landuse along the Ganga ghat section in Patna


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Figure 4.4: DEM Map along the project section in Ganag ghat section in Patna

Figure 4.5:Land Use along the stretch of river bank to be developed under RFD project in

Patna


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4.5.2.4 Physiography and Soil

Physiographically, India is divided into seven major divisions: (1) Northern Mountains, (2) Great Plains (3)

Central Highlands (4) Peninsular Plateaus, (5) East Coast, (6) West Coast and (7) Islands.

The Ganga basin falls entirely within the first three divisions. The peninsular plateau of the Gangetic

trough (with an elevation of less than 300 meters) is filled with older (Pleistocene) and recent alluvial,

forming nearly 4,000,000 Sq.Km in the states of Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal as

shown in Fig: 4.6

Figure 4.6: Physiographic map of Bihar along the river Ganga

Soil:The Ganga basin is characterized by a wide variety of soils. The soils of the high Himalayas in the

north are subject to continued erosion and the Gangetic trough provides a huge receptacle into which

thousands of meters of thick sediment layers are deposited to form a wide valley plain.

Among the soil types within Ganga basin, the alluvial soil covers more than 52 per cent of the basin. The

alluvial deposits of the basin not only cover the great Gangetic trough, but also extend over a sizable

portion of the peninsular foreland in the form of a layer less than 3 metres thick. The entire alluvial

formation is endowed with rich soil nutrients.


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The Patna river basin area is characterized by Calcareous alluvial (Ustochrepts Haplaquepts) i.e. it is

slightly alkaline. This shows that the alluvium deposit in this region is old alluvium deposit. In general the

Calcareous Alluvium has higher potential of binding of molecules than the newer alluvium or acidic

alluvium and hence the chance of erosion in Calcareous alluvium is comparatively lesser than acidic

alluvium.

4.5.2.5 Seismicity

According to GSHAP data, the state of Bihar lies in a region with moderate to low to high seismic hazard,

though the project site (Ganga Ghats) lies in Low Hazard Zone (refer Figure 4-7). As per the 2002

Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) map, this state also falls in Zones III, IV & V. The project site (Ganga

Ghats) is falling under Zone IV (as per IS 1893 (Part-I): 2002), refer Figure 4-8.

Figure 4.7: Seismic Hazard Map showing the Project Area (Ganga Ghats)


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Figure 4.8:Seismic Zonation Map of India

4.5.2.6 Hydrology and Drainage

The project area falls under the Ganga river basin. The River Map of Bihar is provided in Figure 4-9 and

4- 10.

Figure 4.9:River Map of Bihar

Project Area


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Figure 4.10: Drainage Map of Project Area (Ganga Ghats City)

Patna river front development is situated at the right bank of river Ganga just after the confluence of

Ganga and Gandhak river. The project area is mostly falls under the river basin of Ganga and sub basins

of Punpun, Gandhak and Burhi-Gandak-Bagmati river basins. As per the local observation, Ganga river

near the project Ghats are now mostly left meandering and during the summer season, lean flow is

observed between Collectorate Ghat to Adalat Ghat at the right bank of river Ganga.

4.5.2.7 Soil Quality

Soil samples have been collected from 3 Ghat areas during the environmental monitoring in the month of

September 2012. The location of soil samples were selected based upon following criteria:

The spread of the project area and length;

Uniqueness of the ghats;

Waste disposal or any other related activities for soil contamination;

Any other activities which may relate to soil contamination.

Accordingly the soil samples were collected from following sites:

Gulvi Ghat: It is well known for the cremation ground and hence is unique from the other ghats.

Possibilities of soil contamination could be highest at this site, so this site was selected;


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Collectorate Ghat: The start point and open defecation was seen common and hence soil quality

monitoring was selected;

T.N Banerjee Ghat: Dairy units are found here and animal waste get mixed with water and soil,

so selected

Characterizations of soil samples was performed by adopting methods prescribed under relevant parts of

IS: 2720, “Indian Standard Methods of Test for Soils”. The soil analysis results are given in Table 4-5.

Table 4-5: Soil Quality Analysis of Proposed Project Site

Sr.

No.

Parameter Unit Gulvi ghat Collectorateghat T. N. Banerjee ghat

1 pH - 8.56(1:5) 26⁰C 8.85(1:5) 26⁰C 7.8(1:5) 26⁰C

2 Texture - loamy sand Silt loam Loam

3 Sand % 84.2 26.1 38.3

4 Silt % 10.2 52.4 34.1

5 Clay % 5.6 21.50 27.6

6 Bulk density g/cc 1.43 1.29 1.25

7 WHC % 30.26 42.67 44.17

8 OM % 0.15 0.64 1.59

9 N mg/kg 92.23 184.46 338.18

10 p mg/kg 16.25 <4 292.49

11 K mg/kg 20 500 400

12 Na mg/kg 60 60 40

13 Ca mg/kg 13584 11808 4224

14 Mg mg/kg 2678.4 2966.4 2476.8

15 EC µm/cm 68.8(1:5) 25⁰C 199(1:5) 25⁰C 112(1:5) 25⁰C

The soil quality as observed shows alkaline content which supports the presence of Calcareous alluvium

(as referred from secondary literature as well).

4.5.2.8 Ambient Air Quality

The monitoring of the ambient air quality (AAQ) in the project site has been carried out for one time at 3

ghats for 24 hrs in each ghat location, by Mitra S. K. Pvt. Ltd., recognised by NABL and MoEF. Sampling

at each location and analysis has been carried out as per guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board

and as per the requirements of MoEF.The total no of stations have been distributed throughout the


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project influence area so as to get representative baseline of the study area. The selection of the

locations was made due to following reason:

Gulvi Ghat: Cremation ground and hence chances of air pollution could be higher; so being selected for

an air quality sample

Collectorate ghat: The road between Collectorate ghat to Anta ghat is quite congested and thus requires

an air quality sample;

T. N. Banerjee ghat: Being selected as a control as being seen as one of the dust free ghat by the ESIA

team members.

The ambient air quality monitoring results along with locations are given in Table 4-6.

Table 4-6: Ambient Air Quality within study area

Location Date of

Monitoring

PM 10

(µg/m3)

PM 2.5

(µg/m3)

SO2

(µg/m3)

NO2

(µg/m3)

CO

(µg/m3)

Collector ghat 14/15.09.2012 88 47 5.4 26.7 363

Dr. T.N.Banerjeeghat 15/16.09.2012 54 29 4.3 21.4 275

Gulvi ghat 16/17.09.2012 69 36 4.0 19.0 175

Limit as per CPCB notification, New Delhi,

18th Nov, 2009. for Ambient air quality

100 60 80 80 2000

Sampling and Analysis done

according to

IS: 5182

(Part-23)-

2006

USEPA

CFR-40,

Part-50,

Appendix-

L

IS: 5182

(Part-2)-

2001

IS: 5182

(Part- 6)-

2006

IS 5182 :

Part 10

1999

Results &Analysis :

The PM10 and PM2.5 level near the Collectorate Ghat is found in the higher range may be due to the

market activities and associated dust generation. However, all the parameters of ambient air quality are

found well within prescribed limit.

4.5.2.9 Noise Levels

Locations for noise monitoring along the corridor are identified based on the following criteria:


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Gulvi Ghat: Crematorium ground and hence accumulation of people along with various rituals and thus

possibilities of noise generation, so being selected for one of the noise monitoring site;

Collectorate Ghat: Government offices and gathering of many people in this area, also market is there

between Collectorate ghat to Anta ghat, hence selected as a noise monitoring location.

T.N. Banerjee Ghat: Used as a control point since it has been seen as one of calm ghat

Noise level monitoring photographs are given in Table 4-7.

Table 4-7: Ambient Noise Level within study area

Location Date of Sampling Leq day

dB(A)

Leq Night

dB(A)

L Max

dB(A)

L Min

dB(A)

Collectorateghat 14/15.09.2012 46.6 33.7 51.3 30.2

Gulvighat 15/16.09.2012 43.8 31.9 48.3 25.6

Dr. T.N.Banerjeeghat 16/17.09.2012 35.6 33.2 49.8 29.5

Permissible Limits/Standards as per CPCB Leq

dB(A) Day & Night (Residential) 55 45

Results &Analysis:

The noise quality is well within the permissible limit. However, during discussion with the locals it has

been observed that localized impact is there due to water splashing, rainfall, washing of clothes and

movement of water boats. Anyway all the time noise quality is within permissible limit.

4.5.2.10 Water Quality

Water quality has been analysed for Surface water of Ganga River by Mitra S. K. Pvt. Ltd., recognised by

NABL and MoEF. Six number of representative water samples were collected in September, 2012, based

on their present usage and pollution load.The physical and chemical parameters of the collected samples

were tested as per established standard methods and procedures of CPCB. The selection of the stations

was based upon the fact that the almost all the ghats are being covered. Further water quality at the up

stream and down stream of Ganga river at Anta ghat has been done to know the condition of change in

water quality due to mixing of raw sewage into Ganga river at Anta Ghat.The results of water quality

samples are given in Table 4-8.


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Table 4-8: Surface Water Quality Analysis Results

Sr.

No.

Paramet

er

Unit Kali

ghat

Krishn

a ghat

Collectora

teghat

Gandhi

ghat

Anta

ghat

(upstre

am)

Anta

ghat

(downstr

eam)

Gulvi

ghat

1 pH 7.52 at

28⁰C

7.36 at

28⁰C

7.31at

28⁰C

7.65 at

28⁰C

7.49 at

28⁰C

7.6 at

28⁰C

7.45 at

28⁰C

2 TDS mg/l 127.4 257 141.5 130.5 128.4 402 136.4

3 TSS mg/l 680 599 165 837 157 1279 170

4 TH mg/l 103.68 172.8 107.52 119.04 88.32 213.4 111.36

5 Fe mg/l 1.93 3.27 3.88 3.47 1.69 4.12 3.35

6 Cl mg/l 17.81 31.67 15.83 15.83 17.81 42.2 17.81

7 F mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

8 Ca mg/l 27.65 44.54 26.11 41.47 23.04 49.66 27.65

9 Mg mg/l 8.29 14.75 10.13 3.68 7.37 21.42 10.14

10 SO4 mg/l <1.0 25.89 1.71 28.75 7.19 56.9 3.05

11 NO3 mg/l 3.2 <0.4 5.7 3.1 2.7 12.6 11.2

12 As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

13 Zn mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 2.7 <0.02

14 DO mg/L 7.7 7.3 7.9 7.7 7.2 6.4 7.2

14 BOD mg/l 3.3 3.21 3.11 <2.0 3.21 12.9 2.1

15 COD mg/l 19.48 15.58 19.48 7.79 19.48 48.4 7.79

16 Total

Alkalinity

mg/l 105.08 184.6 99.4 110.76 110.76 187.2 107.92

17 Total

Coliform

cfu/10

0ml

30 110 50 170 280 280 23

18 Faecal

Coliform

cfu/10

0ml

13 21 13 17 22 22 13

Results & Analysis:During the site visit to Ganga many open sewer line were seen to discharge raw

sewage into Ganga river (Refer figure 4-11). However, since the measurements were made during the

monsoon/post monsoon having high discharge, the BOD load has been reduced to a great extent due to

the concept “dilution is the best solution to pollution”. But, it also warrants that the serious measures are


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required to take as part of the city sanitation plan to minimize the disposal of direct discharge of raw

sewage in Ganga.

Figure 4.11:Discharge of Raw Sewage in Ganga river from various points

4.5.3 ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY

4.5.3.1 Forest Resource

Bihar is situated in the eastern part of India bordering Nepal and has a geographical area of 94,163 km².

It is part of gangetic plains and is drained by two major rivers, the Ganga and the Gandhak. Annual

rainfall in the state varies from 1000mm to 2000 mm.

The recorded forest area of the state is 6473 km² which is 6.87% of the geographical area. Reserve forest

constitutes 10.70%, Protected Forest 89.28% and unclassed Forest, which is about 0.02% of the total

forest area.

The proposed project falls in 7 – Gangetic plane as per the Biogeographic Classification of India and 7B

Lower Gangetic Plane Province of India.

Forest Description

Patna district has deciduous type of forest. The district has 3202 km² of Geographical area comprising 13

km² of Moderately Dense forest, 3 km² open forest and absence of Very Dense forest. Thus the forest

cover of the district is 0.50% of total Geographic Area. (Source: State Forest Report – 2009). The Forest

map of Bihar is given in Figure 4.12.


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Figure 4.12:Forest cover map of Bihar

No Forest area of any type like Reserve Forest, Protected forest or unclassed Forest declared Protected

under “ The Indian Forest Act, 1927” and “Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 with Amendments Made

in 1988” is reported within the propose Ghats development area or in close vicinity (Source: Forest

Department Patna). Therefore no forest Clearance is required for the proposed development.

Wildlife Protected area and Wildlife Sanctuary

Bihar State has got one Wildlife National Park (Valmiki National Park) and twelve Wildlife Sanctuary. The

list of Wildlife National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary is given in Table 4.9.


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Table 4-9: List of National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary located in Bihar

Name of the Protected Area Year of

Notification

Total Area

A National Parks

1 Valmiki NP 1990 335.65

B Wildlife Sanctuary

1 Barela Jheel Salim Ali Bird WLS 1997 1.96

2 Bhinbandh WLS 1996 681.99

3 Gautam Budha WLS 1976 138.34

4 Kanwarjheel WLS 1989 63.11

5 Kaimur WLS 1979 1342

6 Kusheshwar Asthan Bird WLS 1994 29.17

7 Nagi Dam WLS 1987 1.92

8 Nakti Dam WLS 1987 3.33

9 Pant (Rajgir) WLS 1978 35.84

10 Udaipur WLS 1978 8.87

11 Valmiki WLS 1978 545.15

12 Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin WLS 1991 -

Total 1851.68

(Source: moef.nic.in)

No National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary is reported within 10 km from project boundary. The Nearest

wildlife sanctuary is Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin WLS which is more than 50 km in District Bhagalpur.

Therefore clearance under “The Wildlife (Protection) Act – 1972” is not required for the proposed Ghat

development project.

During primary survey Schedule – I mammals as per WPA – 1972, like fresh water Dolphin (Platanista

gangetica gangetica) was seen in the left bank of river Ganga. However, there presence was not site in

the right bank where the Patna RFD is concentrated.

Therefore some conservation action plan to be prepared by BuidCo with a known ecologist. However, no

Clearance for presence of Schedule – I animal in the project affected area is required from the Wildlife

Board under “The Wildlife (Protection) Act – 1972”.As part of the EMP a Dolphin Conservation

Committee has been proposed including the study requirement for the preparation of conservation plan.


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Figure 4.13: Location of National Park & Sanctuary of Bihar

(http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/wildlife/bihar-wildlife-map.gif)

Wetland:

No wetland notified under “The Ramsar Convention – 1971” or listed under“the National wetland

Conservation Programme – 2009” is reported within 10 km from project boundary. The nearest Wetland

notified under National Wetland Conservation Programme – 2009 are:

1. Kabar Wetland – District Begusarai

2. Barilla Wetland – District Vaishali

3. Kusheshwar Asthan Wetland – Darbhanga.

http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/wildlife/bihar-wildlife-map.gif


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4.5.3.2 Terrestrial Ecology

The core zone comprises of Riparian Habitat (transition zone between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem).

A riparian zone or riparian area is the interface between land and a river or stream. Plant habitats and

communities along the river margins and banks are called riparian vegetation, characterized by

hydrophilic plants.

Riparian zones may be natural or engineered for soil stabilization or restoration. These zones are

important natural bio-filters, protecting aquatic environments from excessive sedimentation, polluted

surface runoff and erosion. They supply shelter and food for many aquatic animals and shade that is an

important part of stream temperature regulation.

The proposed project (Ghat Development) is partly comprises of Riparian Habitat and partly terrestrial

Habitat. During primary survey it has been noticed that the existing habitat along the banks of Ganga is

manmade type. Daily thousands of people visit the Ghat to take bath in Ganga as religious rituals.

The floristic survey of the proposed site witnesses scattered growth of grasses (mainly weeds), rooted

hydrophytes, emerging hydrophytes, shrubs in undisturbed area where human movement is absent and

trees leaning over river water.

Among herbs species, weed are commonly reported on the river bank. Commonly reported weeds

species are Congress grass (Parthenium hysterophorus), Lantana (Lantana Camara), Eipatorium

trilpineve, Solanum xanthiocarpum and Datura (Dathura stromonium). This is mainly due to better survival

rate, higher seed production and fast growing in comparison to other herbs.

The species of grasses reported along the banks are Cyanodon dactylon,Achyranthes aspera,

Saccharum arundinaceum, Vetiveria zizanoides, Ludwigia parviflora, Rungia repens, etc. These are

mainly reported above the water level, in an undisturbed area.

Rooted hydrophytes are reported along the banks, where water level is less than a foot or water has

recedes after flooding. The commonly reported hydrophytes are Ipomoea carnea, Argeratum

conyzoides,Azolla pinnata, Eichhornia crassipes,Lemna perpusilla,Spirodela polyrhiza, etc. Ipomoea

aquatic,etc. Photograph of flora reported in riparian Habitat are given in Fig: 4.14


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Congress Grass Datura (Dathura stromonium) Cyanodon dactylon

Riparian Habitat Reprived of grass cover Extensive growth of herbs Anthropogenic activity along banks

Figure 4.14: Photograph of Flora reported in Riparian Habitat


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The phytosociological study of the core zone (terrestrial habitat) beyond the riparian habitat

comprises of manmade ecosystem. Trees plantation in form of landscaping was noticed due to

nearby residential area, government offices, hospitals, university, parks and market places. The

species of trees reported are mainly planted, except few species which are naturally growing. These

trees are fruit, flower and seed bearing and attract avifauna, small mammals and reptiles. Nesting

was commonly reported. Species of trees reported during primary survey are given in table (4.10)

below

Table 4-10: List of trees reported in the project affected area

S.No Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Type Growth

1 Peepal Ficus religiosa River Bank Natural

2 Bargad Ficus benghalensis Mahindru Ghat Natural

3 Sissoo Dalbergia sissoo Anta Ghat Natural

4 Jamun Syzygium cumini River Bank Natural

5 Neem Azadirachta indica River Bank Planted

6 Sal Shorea robusta University Ghat Planted

7 Salai Boswellia serrate University Ghat Planted

8 Bahera Terminalia arjuna Near Krishna Ghat Natural

9 Mango Mangifera indica University Ghat Planted

10 Golden shower Crassia fistula Collectrate Ghat Planted

11 Bakain Melia azadirachta Kali Ghat Planted

12 Jackfruit Artocarpus

heterophyllus

University Ghat Planted

13 Kadamb Anthocephalus

cadamba

University Ghat Planted

14 Bail Aegle marmelos University Ghat Natural

15 Siris Albizia procera University Ghat Planted

16 Devil Tree Alstonia scholaris Krishna Ghat Planted

17 Royal Palm Roystonea regia Krishna Ghat Planted

18 Amla Phyllanthus emblica Krishna Ghat Planted

19 Neem Azadirachta indica Krishna Ghat Planted

20 Coconut Coco nucifera Krishna Ghat Planted

21 Umar Ficus racemosa Krishna Ghat Planted

22 Mango Mangifera Sp Ghandhi Ghat Planted


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S.No Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Type Growth

23 Gular Ficus Glomerata Ghandi Ghat Planted

24 Palash Butea monosperma Near Ghandhi

Ghat

Planted

25 Gulmohar Delonix regia Near Ghandhi

Ghat

Planted

26 Kala siris Albizia lebbeck Near University

Ghat

Planted

27 Semal Bombax ceiba Near Kali Ghat Planted

28 Bair Zizyphus jujube Near Kali Ghat Planted


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Mangifera indica Ficus religiosa Ficus benghalensis

Azadirachta indica Alstonia scholaris Royal Palm

Figure 4.15: Photographs of Trees Reported at Ghat Area


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Terrestrial Fauna

To study the diversity of fauna, various survey methods were adopted. The survey was mainly carried

out at dawn and at dusk to study animal behavior and habitat. This study period is mainly selected as

animals are most active.

Secondary data was collected from the forest department and interaction with the local was also

conducted to establish baseline study for distribution of wild animals in the study area. No wild

mammals are reported in the study area, due to anthropogenic activity and urbanized habitat.

Domestic mammals are reported in the study area.

Avifauna:

The fauna reported in the inner buffer zone are mainly avifauna (highest diversity) followed by

mammals and reptiles. The commonly reported avifauna in the study area during primary survey, with

higher diversity are Common crow, Myna, Eagle, Sparrow, Babbler, Pigeon, Cattle Egrets, Red

Vented bulbul, Drongo, Sparrow, Indian Roller etc. During site visit higher frequency of birds recorded

in the project affected. This is mainly due to availability of nesting habitat, discarded foods from rituals

ceremony and fruits bearing trees. Table 4.11 gives the list of avifauna reported in the core zone and

inner buffer zone.

Table 4-11: List of Avifauna reported in inner buffer zone

S.No Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Distribution WLPA

1. Red Wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus Bushes - Neating Common IV

2. Rock Pigeon Columba livia Old building Common IV

3. Cattle Egrets Bubulcus ibis Trees, grass land Sporadic IV

4. Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus Trees Common IV

5. Red Vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Bushes & Trees Sporodic IV

6. Common Crow Corvus splendene Trees Sporadic IV

7. Common Myna Acridotheres tristis Trees Sporadic IV

8. Common Babbler Turdoides caudate Trees & Shrubs Common IV

9. Green Bee eater Merops orientalis Trees Rare IV

10. House sparrow Passer domesticus Trees &

Settlements

Common IV

11. Drongo Dicrurus bracteatus Trees Common IV

12. Egret Casmerodium albus Grass land Common IV


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S.No Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Distribution WLPA

&shrubs

13. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Grass land &

shrubs

Common IV

14. Rose ringed parakeet Psittacula Krameri Trees Sporadic IV

15 Spotted dove Spilopelia chinensis Grass land & trees Common IV

16 Bank Myna` Acridotheres

ginginianus

Trees Sporodic IV

Mammals:

During primary survey no wild mammals are reported in the study area. Based on secondary information

like interaction with the local, wild mammals like Indian mongoose and five stripped squirrel are reported.

Domesticated mammals like goat, sheep, dog, cow, ox, donkey etc. are reported. These animals are

domesticated for milk and other commercial purposed.

Reptiles:

Based on forest working Plan and interaction with people dwelling nearby ghat areas, it has been

confirmed that the study area witness poor reptilian distributions. Reptiles like Rat Snakes (Ptyas

mucosus), Common Kraits (Bungarus caerulens), Indian cobra (Naja Naja) etc. has been reported.House

Geiko and Garden Lizard are directly sighted during primary visit.

Sparrow Common Crow


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Goat Buffalo

Figure 4.16:Photograph of Animal Reported in study area

4.5.3.3 Aquatic Ecology

The proposed project is located on the bank of Ganga River, which is fresh water and Lotic in nature. The

proposed project is located partly on the river bank (riparian Habitat) and partly on the river bed.

During primary survey of the site, it has been noticed that no well-established riparian habitat exists. This

is mainly due to urban development and other anthropogenic activity. Annually lakhs of people visit the

Ghat area for ritual baths and prayers. This part of the banks also received storm and sewer water drains

from Patna city. As a whole, the existing environment is not suitable for existence of any type of habitat.

During lean period except monsoon, the depth of water available is less than one meter and maximum is

1.5 meter at few areas where ghat has been proposed. This depth is not suitable for the existence of

breeding, nesting and feeding habit for large aquatic mammals and reptiles.

The Aquatic faunal survey was carried out at early morning and in the evening. Fish net were used to

study the distribution of aquatic fauna in the project affected area. During primary survey no aquatic fauna

are captured in the net. Fixed net were also installed and left over night to study night time movement of

fishes and aquatic mammals.

4.5.3.3.1 Aquatic Profile of the Project Area

Aquatic Flora (Hydrophytes):

Hydrophytes grow in habitats where water is in excessive supply. They may be free floating, submerge

floating, submerged and rooted, emergent and rooted, etc.


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In the proposed project area free floating hydrophytes reported during primary survey are Eichhornia

crassipes and Pistia sp,

The rooted emergent hydrophytes reported along the river banks are Ipomoea aquatic, Ipomoea fistulosa

and Saccharum spontaneum,

Rooted submerged hydrophytes reported in the project affected area during primary survey are

Potamogeton crispes and Vallisnaria.

Some plants like Phragmites Karkar, Arundo donax, Typha sp, etc. are on the river bed during survey.

They grow around water bodies with the water currents touching them occasionally; they also can

survive dry periods.

Aquatic Fauna:

The Ganga river, about 2,510 km (1,560 mi) long, rises in a snowfield called the Gangotri Glacier,

situated among three Himalayan mountains all more than 6,706 m (22,000 ft) high and finally drains into

Bay of Bengal. Along the whole course the Ganges support rich faunal habitat. Numerous species of

fishes, reptiles and aquatic mammals has been reported.

Figure 4.17: Map showing Ganga River and its Tributaries


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The stretch from Haridwar to Gangasagar is primarily known for the presence of Ganga River Dolphins.

The population of which had been tremendously decline due to pollution caused by effluents discharge

from major city, mining of sand on river bed, construction of dam, over fishing, and poaching of dolphins

for using in fishing net and for meat.

Fauna of Study area:

Extensive survey for the distribution of aquatic fauna in the study area was carried at don and at dusk.

Primary survey along the river bed with fisher men were carried out to establish the presence of dolphin’s

habitat in the project affected area. Secondary information was collected from Zoological Survey of India

and from forest department for faunal distribution.

Different faunal group like mammals, reptiles, fishes and aquatic avifauna are recorded from the study

area based on primary and secondary survey.

Aquatic mammals:

Aquatic mammals like Gangetic Dolphins (Platanista Gangetica gangetica) have been reported in the

study area. The behavior and ecology is as follows:

Gangetic Dolphins(Platanista Gangetica gangetica)

Gangetica Dolphins is Scheduled – I animals as per “The Wildlife (Protection) Act – 1972”. This animal is

declared endangered by the IUCN Red List Category - 2012 and need conservation to safe guard the

population.

Range of Distribution:

Ganges-Brahmaputra-Megna (GBM) and Karnaphuli-Sangu (KS) river systems, from the deltas upstream

to where rocky barriers, shallow water, fast currents, dams, or barrages (low, gated, diversion dams)

prevent upstream movement. Although there is no credible estimate of Dolphin abundance for the

Ganges system, the largest subpopulation probably occurs between the Farakka Barrage, near the

India/Bangladesh border, and barrages in the mainstream and kosi, Son, Gandhak, Ghaghara and

Yamuna tributaries, as well as their large affluent, which include the Sanctuary in the Ganga mainstream.

Population:

Although the aggregate range-wide abundance of Ganges River Dolphins was estimated by Jones (1982)

as 4,000–5,000 individuals and more recently by Mohan et al. (1997) as fewer than 2,000, these were


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only guesses. Population assessments have been based on counts conducted within discrete portions of

the vast network of riverine and deltaic habitat occupied by these dolphins.

Highest "densities" of Ganges River dolphins (defined as animals per linear river kilometer) have been

observed in the Ganges mainstream between Maniharighat and Buxar (1.5/km) (Sinha, unpublished) -

and within this segment particularly in the Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary (2.8/km) (Smith,

unpublished) and just downstream between Kahalgaon and Manihari Ghat (near Katihar) (3.4/km) (Sinha,

unpublished) - and the lower Sangu River, Bangladesh (1.4/km) (Smith et al. 2001). A few Ganges River

dolphins were still present during the mid 1990s as far downstream in the Hoogly River at Kakdwip (Sinha

1997).

Habitat and Ecology:

Ganges River Dolphins are generally concentrated in counter-current pools below channel convergences

and sharp meanders (Kasuya and Haque 1972, Smith 1993, Smith et al. 1998) and above and below

mid-channel islands, bridge pilings, and other engineering structures that cause scouring (Smith,

unpublished data). Their fidelity to counter-current pools is probably greatest in fast-flowing channels

(Smithet al. 1998).

Annual monsoon-driven floods cause great variability in the dolphins’ access to large parts of their range.

Isolation in seasonal lakes sometimes occurs (especially in the Brahmaputra basin), as does

"escapement" from the river channels into artificial water bodies such as canals and reservoirs. Deltaic

(brackish) waters are a major component of the total range, but Ganges River Dolphins are not generally

known to occur in salinities greater than 10ppt, although they have been recorded in waters as saline as

23ppt (Smith and Braulik, unpublished data).

Major Threat:

Construction of at least 50 dams and dams within the known or suspected historical range of the

subspecies (Smith et al. 2000) has dramatically affected its habitat, abundance, and population structure.

In addition to fragmenting dolphin populations, dams and barrages degrade downstream habitat and

create reservoirs (known as head ponds (or pondage in India) in the case of barrages) with high

sedimentation and altered assemblages of fish and invertebrate species. For example, luxuriant growth of

macrophytes and excessive siltation have eliminated suitable habitat immediately above Farakka Barrage

(Sinha 2000).


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Embankments cause sediments to be deposited in the riverbed instead of on the floodplain, thereby

eliminating or reducing the extent of the eddy-counter currents where dolphins are generally found.

(Smith et al. 1998). They also restrict access to floodplain habitat critical to the reproduction and growth of

riverine fish species (Boyce 1990).

Other sources of habitat degradation in the GBM system include dredging (Smith et al. 1998) and the

removal of stones (Shrestha 1989), sand (Mohanet al. 1998), and woody debris (Smith 1993). These

activities compromise the ecological integrity of the riverine environments, especially small tributaries

where suitable habitat is limited and disproportionately vulnerable to local disturbance.

Deliberate killing of river dolphins is believed to have declined in most areas but still occurs at least

occasionally in the middle Ganges near Patna, India (Smith and Reeves 2000, Sinha 2002), in the Kalni-

Kushiyara River of Bangladesh (Smith et al. 1998), and in the upper reaches of the Brahmaputra River in

Assam, India (Mohan et al. 1997). Dolphins are killed by tribal people in the upper Brahmaputra for their

meat and by fishermen in the middle reaches of the Ganges for their oil, which is used as a fish attractant.

Mortality in fishing gear, especially gillnets, is a severe problem for Ganges River dolphins throughout

most of their range (Mohan 1995, Smith and Reeves 2000). They are particularly vulnerable because

their preferred habitat is often in the same location as the fishing grounds.

4.5.3.4 Dolphins Habitat in Project Affected Area:

To establish the existence of Dolphins habitat in the proposed ghat development area, extensive survey

was carried out at dawn, afternoon and at dusk to have rough ideas whether their distribution is driven by

circadian rhythm. Secondary information was collected based on the interaction with boat men, fishermen

and people dwelling near the ghat. ZSI and forested department were also consulted regarding the

presence of Wildlife sanctuary and dolphins breeding site.

Based on the outcome of primary survey and secondary information it has been established that no

dolphins habitat was reported in the project affected area. As dolphins are present in whole of Ganges

river, their movement and surfacing behavior for breathing are reported in the study area towards left

banks of Ganga and ghat development is on the right bank ganga.


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Figure 4.18: Dolphins Movement in Project Study Area

No feeding habitat is reported in the project affected area due to less depth, island formation due to sand

deposition and frequent movement of motor driven boats, effluent discharge pollution the water towards

right banks and other anthropogenic activity has deprive the right bank (ghat development area) from

dolphins movement.

Dolphin’s movements in the study area are reported towards the left bank. This is mainly due to

appropriate water depth, occasional movement of boats, less pollution, availability of fishes and absence

of anthropogenic activity.

Based on secondary information like discussion with ZSI and Forest department, higher frequency of

dolphins movement is reported at three location in the study area (within 10 km from project boundary).

They are

1. Ganga – Gandhak confluence site

2. Danapur - Punpun Bridge

3. Fatwah – Trivani Ghat.

(Source: Zoological Survey of India, Patna, Bihar)

Movement

Ghat Development

Sand Deposit


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Dolphins are reported at this site because fishes are maximum available at the confluence site and where

counter current exists, which make them easier to catch prey. Dolphins prefer to stay where water depth

is more, counter current in water exists and water beels exists and confluence point with streams and

rivers.

Wildlife Sanctuary – Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin

Sanctuary

Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary is located near

Bhagalpur, between Sultangaunj and Kahalgaon (Source:

Conservation and Biomonitoring in the Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin

Sanctuary, Bihar, India) more than 160 km (aerial distance)

downstream of project site of Patna RFD.

The sanctuary is a 50 km stretch of the Ganges River

from Sultangaunj to Kahalgaon. Designated in 1991, this

sanctuary is earmarked for conservation of Dolphins.

Figure 4.20 gives the location of Vikramshila Gangetic

Dolphins Sanctuary with respect to project site.


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Figure 4.19: Location were Dolphins are reported

Ghat Development Area

Locations Dolphins


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Figure 4.20: Location of Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphins Sanctuary with respect to project site

Vikramshila WildlifeSanctuary

Ghat Development

Area


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Other Aquatic Fauna:

1. Fishes

Ganga River is adobe for variety of fishes. To have an idea about the fishes distribution netting were

carried out along the proposed Ghat, sand deposited area within the river and on left banks. The

number of fishes caught is less in the right bank (proposed project area) in comparison to the left

bank. Highest catch of fishes were reported near the sand island on course of river. Secondary

information about fishes distribution were collected from fishery department and from the fisher men.

The species of fishes reported during primary visit are Rohu, Catla, Hilsa, Mystus sp, Cirrhinus Sp,

etc. Species of fishes reported in the study area is given in table 4.12.

Table 4-12:Fish Species reported in the study area

S.No Common Name Scientific Name Categories

1. Mrigal Cirrhina mrigala Indian Major carps

2. Catla Catla Catla

3. Rohu Labeo rohita

4. Calbasu Labeo calbasu

5. Bata Labeo Bata

6. Kalabans Labeo dero

7 Wallaga attu

8. Rita rita

9. Cyprinus carpio Other fishes

10. Channa punctate

11. Channa marulia

12. Tengara Mystus Tengara

13 Puntius sophore

14 Puntius ticto

15 Singhi Heyeropneustus fossilis

16 Palwa Mystus cavasius

17 Pothia Puntius sophore

18 Phasia Setipinna brevifilis

(Source: Primary data & Fishery department,Patna)


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Catla Catla Labeo rohita Cirrhina mrigala

Mystus Tengara Prawn Puntius sophore

eel Fish Aristichthys nobilis Cyprinus carpio

Figure 4.21: Photographs of Species of Fishes reported during primary survey

Conclusion:

After detailed study it has been established, that the proposed project area (right bank) is not adobe

for fresh water dolphins and other aquatic animals. The anthropogenic pressure, nearby settlements,

sewer discharge drains and continuous plying of motor driven boats has resulted in disturbed habitat.

Even the water depth in this part is not suitable for dolphin movements. No rich flora habitat id

reported in the riparian zone. Cutting of trees, shrubs clearance is not anticipated. The only clearance

is the ground covered bushes, which are dominated by weed variety.

The expected impact during the development of the proposed project will be discharge of construction

debris in water, increase in suspended parties, pollution from D.G set engine oil and other oil

pollution, noise generated during cutting and shaping stones, machinery work on river bed. Increase

in siltation loads due to bank cutting and dredging, discard of plastic, paper, woods, metals and food

materials in rivers.


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If the major construction work is carried during the lean period, it is expected that the likely impact will

be minimized.

4.6 Traffic survey

Traffic survey has been conducted for 2 days at 2 places in the project influence area, the details are

provided in Table 4-13.

Table 4-13: Traffic Count Survey at Project Influence Area

Location Date Motorized

Vehicles

Non-motorized

Vehicles

Total

Gandhi ghat

(Main Road to

Gandhi ghat)

14.09.12 –

15.09.12

252 181 433

15.09.12 –

16.09.12

337 162 499

Mahendru ghat

(Mahendru ghat

to Main Road)

16.09.12 –

17.09.12

347 139 486

17.09.12 –

18.09.12

208 91 299


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5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

Analysis of alternatives involves a thorough study of the possible future conditions in the project study area of the

possible future conditions in the project area in response to a set of alternatives without the project or status quo

condition.

Development of proposed ghat development work is proposed with an noble intention to provide:

The citizen of Patna a public place to talk about which is at present is not available;

Enhance the awareness among local people about the requirement of keeping the river clean so as to

have a nice public place in the heart of the city;

Enhance the safety during local festivals and minimizing water related pollution

5.1 Alternatives Considered During Project Preparation

During the project preparation stage comprising Ghat identification, ghat selection , screening and detail designs

preparation, various alternatives were identified and analyzed to help in decision making. Some of these are

stated below and further described in the subsequent paragraphs:

Prioritization of various ghats and selection approach towards present ghat development measures,

With and without project alternatives,

Various design alternatives, and

5.2 Prioritization of Ghats

The proposed Patna RFD was mandated to be included in the 6.6 km river edge. The selection method of preset

ghat development initiated with the assessment of initial condition, assessment of traditional approach towards

ensuring proper access to these ghats and comparing the traditional approach to the present proposal.

Existing condition

The River edge is a discontinuous 6.6 km stretch of 28 Ghats-isolated and unconnected at the river edge. Some

of the Ghats are very well connected with city and are actively used and some of them are only used at a local


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level due to their poor accessibility and connectivity to city but are well knitted and forms an important part of

community structure as recreational space.

Proposal

The ghats selected for development fall along the actively used river edge along the city, thus enhancing the

use and contributing to the current need of a larger public space. The river edge was studied and categorized

into zones according to:

• Predominant nature of land use

• Ease of access

• Edge condition on riverfront

• Availability of land on riverfront

• Physical limitations due to existing settlement

ZONE A- Collectorate Ghat to Rani Ghat - This zone mainly comprises of government offices, institutional

and public buildings. Vehicular access to most of the Ghats is fairly good and is within walking distance from

City boundary

EXISTING CONDITION- Isolated small Ghats with individual access

Access Access Access

Wide Ghats with bigger space for gathering and recreation, but still limited use because of indiviual access

TRADITIONAL APPROACH

Isolated Ghats- not connected, hence limited use and view Small Ghats, hence less space for recreation

River

River

City boundary

Access Access Access

Ghat Ghat Ghat

Ghat Ghat Ghat


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Ashok Rajpath. It is zone where most of the Ghats are of city level use and attract crowd throughout the day.

Due to a mix of nature of use, there are various types of user groups in this zone ranging from school

students, college students, office employees, residents and hawkers. Most of the land ownership in this zone

is government except small parcels of residential and most of it is underutilized. Some of the most famous city

level Ghats like Collectorate, Mahendru, Patna College and Gandhi Ghat are in this zone.

This zone is made up of three precincts:

• Precinct 1- Collectorate Ghat to Adalat Ghat

• Precinct 2- Adalat Ghat to Gandhi Ghat

• Precinct 3- Gandhi Ghat to rani Ghat

ZONE B- Gulvi Ghat to Gai Ghat- This zone start from the point where institutional area ends and dense

residential area starts. Main characteristic feature of this zone is its narrow walkable lanes with residential and

shops on sides. All the area is connected by these lanes and most of them connect to river also. Due to its

poor connectivity and accessibility, Ghats in this area is mainly local and for community use. One of the main

feature of this area is that all the residential community faces back to river but most of their important religious

or community building are on riverfront which acts as anchors. All the Ghats in precinct are isolated as the

land ownership on riverfront is mainly private and connection is not possible. Some of the Ghats in this

precinct has very good access like Gai Ghat and Raja Ghat.

Precinct 3a- Gulvi ghat to Gai ghat

ZONE C- Bhadra Ghat to Naujar Ghat -This zone starts after Gandhi Setu which also acts as interchange

point between old Patna and new Patna. The zone is characterized by mainly dense residential areas with the

few exceptions of big parcels of government land like Press and Inland waterway terminal. The vehicular

access to Ghats is good and because of this reason, this zone becomes an area level catchment rather than

just a local level catchment. This is a zone of great importance for ecological perspective also, since Dolphins

are also found in this zone. The ghats in this zone are also connected like in Zone A.

Precinct 4- Bhadra Ghat to Naujar Ghat

Access

Existing access to ghats are widened and enhanced for easy movement of the people. During festival times,

emergency evacuation routes have been proposed leading away from each ghat with provision for ambulance

parking and movement being directions one way, forming a loop system.


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5.3 With or Without Project Alternatives

Keeping in view the site conditions and the scope of development of the area, the ‘with’ and ‘without’ project

scenarios have been compared as shown in Table 5.1. By looking at the table it can be concluded that “with”

project scenario with positive/beneficial impacts will vastly improve the environment and enhance social and

economic development of the region compared to the “without” project scenario, which will further deteriorate the

present environmental setup and quality of life. Hence the “with” project scenario with minor reversible impacts is

an acceptable option than the “without” project scenario

Impacts on vegetation are expected during construction. Little air and water pollution is expected from the

proposed construction activities, however these are localized impacts and can be minimized with proper

construction schedule and enclosing harmful construction within the ghat area. The possible storage of any kind

of hazardous materials may need to be used carefully as the same has the potential to put risk on water

quality.As part of the project, however no tree cutting is involved as revealed during the discussion with the

project proponent.

Table 5-1: With and Without Project Scenario

Component With Project Scenario Without Project Scenario

Selection of Ghats

for improvements

The ghats selected in the project are from

Collectorate ghat till Naujar ghat. With the

project only, study has been made to

understand the requirement of

development for the various ghats. It has

been observed that prior to Collectorate

ghat(where from the project is actually

stated) i.e. from Digha ghat to

Collectorate ghat the river Ganga has

shifted to a large extent and lot of land

mass came out. That is why the ghat

development work has been taken up

only from Collectorate ghat.

Without the project, first of all

such scientific way of

development of ghat would not

happen.

A public Place for

Patna

The proposed project would minimize the

availability of public place in Patna and

would enhance the more tourism

attraction.

Without the project such

opportunity of creating a public

place would not have been

achieved and other associated


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improvements like good

approach road to ghats, various

parks and gardens,

promenades would not have

been considered.

Easy access during

Festival

With the present proposal of improving

the ghats and developing promenades

there will be easiness of gathering

number of people during the Chatt

festivals and would minimize chances of

festival accidents. Additionally, as part of

the project apart from developing the

ghats, various exit routes are being

provided to manage the devotees during

emergency etc., if any.

Without the project, such

opportunities are reduced and

unhygienic and risky condition

during the festivals would

prevail.

Research Facilities The development of the project with

Dolphin research centre will enhance the

chances of minimizing the impact on river

dolphin and its conservation through

creation of more awareness and research

and development.

Further the project also identifies various

other research facilities like development

of

These chances are reduced

without the project as then

awareness generation on

Dolphin will be reduced.

Public Awareness With the proposed development the

chances of enhancing public awareness

increases towards minimalizing the river

pollution and unauthorized disposal of

solid waste

This opportunity is lost without

the development and the

unauthorized disposal of solid

waste will continue.

Environment

Friendly

embankment

With the project there will environment

friendly embankment development like

riparian edge restoration, nitrogen and

These opportunities would be

lost and flash flood and erosion

would continue.


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development phosphorous reduction through bio-

filtration, control of flood through

landscape along the banks.

Public Facilities With the project there will be facilities like

public toilets (Sulabh), solid waste

management, policing to minimize

uncivilized activities (like taking alcohol

and other narcotics), life guard to

minimize accidents, safety chain for

providing facilities of safe bathing

These facilities and

opportunities would be lost

without the development.

Development of

Crematoria at Gulvi

ghat

The development of Crematoria at Gulvi

ghat will be made with electric challah.

Further, the place will be enclosed to

minimize the disposal of body ash, un

burnt wood and other ritual materials in

the river.

Without the project the burning

with wood will continue and

disposal of waste materials into

Ganga will still continue. During

site visit it has been observed

that there are local residents.

5.4 Design Alternatives

Existing condition

At present the existing facilities at the Ghats are quite poor. There is no change room or toilet facility on the

Ghats. The Ghats are neither big enough to accommodate thousands of Devotees during Chhat festival nor

there is any facility like changing rooms. There is hardly any Ghat where Visitors to Patna can go for an


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enjoyable glimpse of river Ganges. All the riverbank is hard surface, they are either Ghats or stone pitched

and there is virtually very little landscaping or soft surface along the river edge. There are also no city level

parks.

Existing ghats at Collectorate ghat

Proposal

The proposed Ghats have been designed based on analysis of Ghats in traditional cities. The architecture of

Ghats has been prototyped to act as collective space rather than being just mere access to the river. Study of

the architecture of Ghat typologies reveal that Ghats are not uniform ascending and descending pattern of

steps, but are a combination of smaller terraces and platforms.

Through studies the zones of Ghats have been designed to accommodate zones of activities like Approach

and view, Steps and Walkways, Informal Occupancy, Rest and shade and Ritual practices and Bathing

activities. The Ghats as entities have been provided with facilities like Entry multifunctional kiosks, Changing

Rooms, Toilets, Life Guard Station, Amphitheater and View Platform, Terraces, Ritual Terraces, Shade

systems and Safe bathing Areas. Architecturally different prototypes of Ghats have been designed to provide

variety of options for various precincts.

At various precincts, architectural functions have been proposed, that would add up to the character of the

edge and define the edge as a wholesome, interactive, vibrant public space used year along by variety of

age groups. Public architecture would be used as means to convey sense of civic identity. The buildings on

the river edge would be functional spaces and deliberate iconic attempts designed to respond to site


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contexts..The functions proposed have been such that they cater to public use and capitalize on a local

community’s assets, and potential, and promote awareness healthy living and well being. Functions like café

and reading centre, ecological centre and community centres have been proposed at the various precincts.

Based on the need assessment and site analysis, the Ghat Design in the proposal accommodates the

following facilities .The facilities would help to make the Ghats user friendly and engaging.

1. Entry multifunctional kiosks

2. Changing Rooms

3. Toilets

4. Life Guard Station

5. Amphitheater and View Platform

6. Terraces

7. Ritual Terraces

8. Shade systems

9. Safe bathing Areas


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Promenade

The fluid promenade with all user related facilities forms the layer one and. the alternating

sequence of Ghats and landscaped areas constitute the second layer. The promenade would be a

space accessible to city and therefore the design of it has been dealt with in depth in the proposal.

The promenade has been placed comfortably over the high tide level which would make it possible

for city to use water edge throughout the year.

The access of Ghats becomes extremely important and has been dealt with in the proposal. The

promenade space is essentially a multi-functional space and has been provided with a series of

elements like multi-purpose kiosks , art terraces, seating, hawker zones that would help to provide

a range of activities on the promenade.

Promenade with unobstructed movement


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The promenade has been provided with way finding signage, dustbins, lighting and toilets to make

the space user friendly and complete in terms of amenities. The safety aspect of the promenade

also is critical and attempt has been made to make sufficient number of evacuation routes and

refuge areas. The core design idea behind the proposal has been to organize the edge as a two

layered entity between the river and the built fabric.

Facilities

1. Kiosks and Shelter:

Shelter is important component of promenade as it makes spaces usable all around the year.

Kiosks are used to provide facilities and small services on the promenade and can be of many

types-information, newspaper, food, snack etc and create mini active zones and pauses on the

promenade.

2. Art Terraces:

An art installation would also serve to be a public aesthetic element as it would enhance

environment of the public space through its presence and could often come to represent the

identity of the city. It can build pride and ownership among the people through ways of

participation.

3. Seating/ Pause zones:

The proposal has provided three options for seating on the promenade which are Seating at the

edge of the promenade, Free standing seating at the middle of promenade, Seating on the back

wall on the promenade and Seating as an extension of kiosks.

4. Hawking Zones:

Designated hawking zones are proposed which help in clarification of movement paths however

factors like provisions for electricity, toilet facilities, drinking water, storage facilities, and sheltering

facilities.

5. Toilets:

The proposal proposes toilets at every Ghats for the sake of convenience of the users.The

concept of environment friendly Shulabh Shauchalays are good solutions for standalone toilet

units.

6. Signage/ Way Finding:

The proposal has proposed signages and way finding maps and information boards coupled with

kiosks at all the Ghat approaches for the convenience of the users.

7. Dustbins/Waste Disposal:

The proposal has proposed for establishing of waste disposal network under which multiple

collection points and dustbins have been proposed on the promenade. Separation of waste at

source with the help of use of different bins for different types of waste has been proposed.

Legitimate graphic indications on the bins would help all groups of people to use them efficiently.

Maintenance and regular cleaning of dustbins would help to make the whole system of waste

disposal an effective system.


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8. Lighting:

Lighting is an essential component for making the precinct safe and easy to use at all times. The

lighting at public precinct is an added advantage when the fixtures are environment friendly

solutions which minimize energy consumption and avoid night sky pollution.

5.5 Technology Benefits

With the proposed development there will environment friendly embankment development which is

intended towards the following:

Riparian edge restoration, planting long edge for biodiversity for wildlife, carbon reduction,

nutrient exchange along edge;

Nitrogen and Phosphorus reduction through bio-filtration phytorid from sewage filled

discharge;

Solid waste management through in-situ aerobic composting (bio-degradable garbage

only);and,

Control of flood and overflowing through landscape along the banks and engineering

View of promenade along with Evacuation streets. 4m of space is provided for easy movement along the promenade and facilities are provided such that the movement is not disturbed. Terraces are provided wherever possible, incorporating existing trees as natural landscape

Terraces with natural landscape and kiosks

Access street leading to promenade and Ghats

Toilets +Recycle bins

Evacuation streets

Light on high posts at Ghats


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6. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

6.1 INTRODUCTION

This Chapter contains summary of impacts that are likely to result from the project as a result of the

interaction between various project components and environmental elements. The method of impact

identified and evaluated is also given in this chapter. The public consultation was carried out between

19.09.2012 till 21.09.2012 at various locations in and around the project area.

6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING EXERCISE:

During the initial site visit to the project site between 10.09.2013 and 21.09.2012 some important

project road sections were visited to identify the major Environmental and Social factors as per the

guidelines of WB and ESMF of NGRBA. The factors which were looked into include:

6.2.1 Environmental Factors:

• Change in Landuse and drainage pattern

• Change in channel hydraulics, triggering erosion and siltation problem either

At in-situ or elsewhere along the course of the river

• Impact due to inadequate solid and liquid waste disposal arrangements

• Inadequate sanitation, health and safety facilities

• Impact on river water quality due to proposed amenities

• Impact on environmental aesthetics and cultural values

• Impact on natural habitat (if any)

6.2.2 Social Factors:

• Land availability/requirement;

• Loss of structures

• Loss of livelihood

• Impacts on common property resources etc.

The outcome of the Environment and Social Screening is given in Table 6.1.

Table 6-1: Outcome of Environment and Social Screening

Environmental Factors Outcome

Sensitive areas, natural habitats,

other state declared sensitive

areas

In the project stretch there is no such sensitive area or

declared protective area like Wildlife sanctuary, National

Park, Biosphere reserve present and not present even

within 10km on either side of the project area.

Change in landuse and drainage

pattern

The project involves connecting existing ghats through

promenades. The plan has been made considering the


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existing land use of the area. In fact the proposed land use

also include increasing the green area along the ghats

though public park etc.

Loss of Land

There is no such private land acquisition involved in the

project. Only govt. lands which are going to be available will

be taken for forming into parks and public places.

Inadequate sanitation, safety and

health issues

As part of the project proper sanitation for local population

like Sulabh toilets shall be provided with septic tank and

connection with city sewer. This will help in inadequate

sanitation issue. For health and safety, chain with RCC

bollard will be provided which will help the visitors as well as

people who visit the place for bathing. Further adequate

evacuation route and refuge access routes are being

provided for adequate access during the festive seasons.

The project itself will not create any kind of sanitation-health

and safety issues rather it will improve the present situation.

Impact on river water quality The project does not involve any such continuous process

which would have chance to impact river water quality.

There will be proper toilets along the urban precincts to take

care of sanitation issues so that collected sewage after the

septic tank can be sent to city sewer. Further, inception

drain will be provided to collect the sewage generated from

the houses adjacent to the ghats who just their sewage into

river ganga with put any treatment. The collected sewage

from the inception drain shall be further connected to the city

sewer line to treat it in the STP working as well as proposed

under various schemes.

Impact on Environmental

aesthetics and cultural values

As part of the project no such temples or cultural aspects

are going to affected.

Impact on natural habitat As part of the project no such natural habitat will be

impacted only the existing ghats will be connected.

Land Availability/Requirement No such land is required for the proposed project except few

parks which will done in the Govt. land. No private land

acquisition is involved.

Loss of structures As such no titleholder structure will be affected. Few slums

which are set along the banks may need to be displaced as

part of the project. The detailed entitlement framework is


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given in

Loss of livelihood As such the project will not affect any livelihood. In fact it will

open the chances of more livelihood for the local people.

Positively, the project is envisaged to have a range of positive environmental and social impacts.

Some of these are a function of the objectives of the project, while others are a function of the way in

which the project is designed to meet its objectives. The project beneficiaries are the population of

Patna and the devotees who visit river Ganga almost on daily basis.

6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

6.3.1 Meteorology and Climate

The project construction work does not involve any kind of tree cutting as part of the project. Further

the project involves only reconstruction of ghats and connection between them. Use of bitumen is not

there in the project which reduces the chances of impact on macro climate.

The storage of construction materials and debris from the demolition of structures may occupy some

soft areas in the project influence area and thus may cause some changes in the micro climate.

However, this is very nominal and is temporary impact only.

Mitigation Measure:

The storage of construction and debris generated from demolition activities shall be stored in a

specified location with proper covering. It is preferred if the storage area can be created in a open

space so that it does not hinder any kind of traffic movement and shall be at least 50-100m away from

the river.

6.3.2 Quarries and Crushers

The excavation of quarries and borrow pits used for obtaining rocks, soil and aggregate materials for

the construction of bathing ghats and promenades and other construction items proposed under this

project. Also sand cement steel rods and other materials would be required as part of the project. It

has been estimated that as part of the project around 10,000-15,000m3 of aggregates are required for

the construction purpose.

Mitigation Measure:

The quarry materials shall be sourced from the local market and major portion of the quarry material

will be brought from the local quarry area at Sasaram. As part of the DPR only approved quarry

sources are being identified for bringing the stone and quarry materials.


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For all existing quarries from where the concessionaire may source his supply of aggregates,

Annexure 1.1: Guidelines for Existing Quarry Management of ESMP shall be followed. After the

completion of quarry operation the contractor shall rehabilitate the quarry area and should follow the

guideline laid down in Annexure 1.2: Guidelines for Rehabilitation of Quarry and Borrow Areas of

ESMP.

6.3.3 Cultural and Heritage Resources:

Along the ghats there are many cultural resources like temples, mosques. As part of the proposed

ghat development it is anticipated that few of these cultural resources may get impacted. However as

per the DPR details none of the cultural properties will be affected.

However during construction stage some impacts are anticipated like:

Temporary diversion of access towards cultural resources, temples;

Safety issues to devotees during the construction stage various construction work like

scaffolding, excavation etc.

Chances of vibration impact to these cultural resources during the construction work;

Mitigation Measure:

Adequate diversion signs shall be displayed in the access route for the devotees towards

these cultural heritage and temples.

Warning signs shall be given if there is any large excavation work done or scaffoloing put

thereof.

Night time construction shall be avoided and proper lighting shall be given in the construction

areas as well as in the access route of the devotees during the evening/night time to avoid

any accidents.

No major piling work would be involved. However if it is involved then the site of piling work

shall be carefully selected to avoid any vibration related impact to these temples/religious

structures etc. along the ghat. Vibration damper shall be used to minimize the impact of

vibration to cultural resources as felt suitable.

Few of the cultural resources are given in figure 6-1.

Temple along the ghat Mosque along ghat

Figure 6.1:Cultural Resources along river Ganga


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6.3.4 Loss of Structures

The project construction work may require clearance of various structures along the banks. As per the

social survey nearly 142 such structures has been identified for replacement/relocation. The debris

generated from the structures may get disposed into the river.

Mitigation Measure:

Prior to clearance of structures all the affected persons shall be properly compensated to get

relocated at a suitable place (as per the plans given in the SIA report).

The debris generated form the structures will be disposed at a suitable location or shall be reused in

the sub-base of the road construction work proposed in the project.

6.3.5 Generation of Dust:

There would not be any crushing activities involved in the project and hence chances of fugitive

emission is negligible.

Though the project does not involve huge construction activities as such, still the activities have the

potential for generation of dust during the following activities:

Excavation work for demolishing the old stairs in the project ghats as well as demolition of

buildings and structures;

Construction of new ghats, promenade and other structures as proposed;

Movement of vehicles carrying construction materials;

Mitigation Measure:

Area of dust generation to be suppressed by spraying of water through sprinklers;

The demolition work for building and structures to be carried out under proper covering (either

by plastic sheets etc.) so that just generation is minimum;

Workers involved in the demolition work are to be provided with face mask to minimize impact

on their health.

6.3.6 Sanitation and Waste Generation:

The construction camp for the workers may have issues related with safe drinking water, sanitation

and solid waste generation. These if not properly managed may go to river Ganga.

Mitigation Measure:

Workers will be provided with adequate sanitation and waste management facilities in their

construction camps. Makeshift toilets shall be prepared in the camps and waste from the toilets shall

be connected to the existing man holes of the sewer line so that no waste is send to river Ganga.


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Waste management activities shall also be undertaken and biodegerdable and non-biodegradable

wastes shall be separately collected and taken to the nearby waste collection point placed by Patna

Municipal Corporation.

The guideline towards establishing the construction camp is given in Appendix 1.3.

6.3.7 Drainage Channel:

As part of the project there is no such parallel drain running along the ghats and thus chances of

disturbance to such channels are negligible during the construction work.

There are some lateral drains which are getting discharged from other parts of the city into Ganges.

These drains will be not be disturbed during the construction as they are not attached with the ghats.

Small drains connected with the houses along the ghats will be connected to interceptor drains and

will be taken to other connecting drains to nearby manhole and will ultimately send to existing STPs.

6.3.8 Loss of vegetation and tree cutting:

Clearance of vegetation, bushes is involved in the project but no tree cutting is involved. Additionally

new public parks and landscape areas shall be created in the project.

6.3.9 Impacts on Dolphin:

Based on the outcome of primary survey and secondary information (kindly refer chapter 4 for details)

it has been established that no dolphins habitat was reported in the DPIA. As dolphins are present in

whole of Ganges river, their movement and surfacing behavior for breathing are reported towards left

banks of Ganga whereas ghat development work is on the right bank of river Ganga.

Figure 6.2: Dolphins Movement

Movement

Ghat Development

Sand Deposit


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No feeding habitat is reported in the project affected area due to less depth, island formation due to

sand deposition and frequent movement of motor driven boats, effluent discharge pollution the water

towards right banks and other anthropogenic activity has deprive the right bank (ghat development

area) from dolphins movement.

Dolphin’s movements in the study area are reported towards the left bank. This is mainly due to

appropriate water depth, occasional movement of boats, less pollution, availability of fishes and

absence of anthropogenic activity.

Based on secondary information like discussion with ZSI and Forest department, higher frequency of

dolphins movement is reported at three location in the study area (within 10 km from project

boundary). They are

Ganga – Gandhak confluence site

Dhanapur - Punpun Bridge

Fatwah – Trivani Ghat.

(Source: Zoological Survey of India, Patna, Bihar)

Dolphins are reported at this site because fishes are maximum available at the confluence site and

where counter current exists, which make them easier to catch prey. Dolphins prefer to stay where

water depth is more, counter current in water exists and water beels exists and confluence point with

streams and rivers.

Since no Dolphin movement is there in the right bank therefore impact on dolphin during the

construction stage is negligible. However adequate care shall be taken towards ensuring that the

debris and other silt and construction materials are not disposed directly to the river.

Further a Dolphin Conservation Plan is required to be prepared with a known ecologist along with the

establishment of Dolphin Conservation Committee in order to implement the plan.

6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES-OPERATION STAGE

6.4.1 Environmental Impact:

Meteorology and Climate:

The project involves only connecting different Ghats and construction of promenades and construction

of parks and restoration of riparian zone and bank. Therefore the chances of change in macro and

micro climate is very less. No tree felling is involved in this project rather trees and green area will be

created as part of the riparian restoration and parks proposed as part of the project. A total of 2 city

level parks are proposed which would involve creating good green area which would change the

microclimate (if any) in a positive way.


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Physiography and Drainage:

The proposed ghat development activities for the project involve development of existing ghats,

preparation of walkway and promenade above the banks and restoration of riparian edge. As such

there is no such change in drainage scheme. However a localized increase in river portion velocity is

there when it comes in contact with the ghat section and this increase in speed may sometime create

increased drag to the open bank immediately after the project construction section.

Mitigation Measure:

The chances of increase of river flow speed with the development of ghat and localized erosion will be

bare minimum as immediately after the ghat there will be riparian edge restoration and embankment

protection with gabion structure will persist. This will reduce the localized water speed and thereby

would minimize the chances of in-situ erosion.

River Water Quality:

It is envisaged that with the development of the project there would be increase in all sorts of

population along the ghats and promenades and hence chances of pollution to river water is

expected (mainly solid waste and sanitation issues).

Further during the various Hindu rituals various pious refuse are also disposed which when

biodegrade pollute the river body.

Mitigation Measure3:

In general in each ghat the existing visitor at present is around

100. However, after the completion of the project the expected

population coming to each ghat would be around 400-500 in each

ghat.

Hence the total sewage generation considering 60% of visitor will

use toilet at least once the quantum of sewage generation would

be:

0.6*400*5(ltr) =1200 Liter i.e. around 1.2 KLD for each ghat.

The proposed number of toilets provided in the project

include:

2 toilets at each ghat one for ladies and one for gents.

3This compliance mitigation measure is given on the basis of observation received from NMCG and World Bank on draft ESIA

report. The compliance to all such observations are given in Annexure 1.6.

Figure 6.3:Disposal of Pious

Refuse


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Adalat ghat to Gandhi ghat 3 toilets within a length of 1125 meters.

In precinct 3 there will be one toilet.

In precinct 4 there will be one toilet

Total number of toilet being provided is = 45

Hence, the total sewage generation expected is 1.2*45= 54 KLD. This quantum of sewage would be

connected with the city sewer line through sewer pipes from the toilets and will be treated in the

sewage treatment plant. The STP construction is under the City Sanitation Scheme of Patna and

accordingly this quantum of sewage will be considered in it.

The waste water from the toilets will be connected to the sewer line going behind the building line

adjacent to the Ghats and will be taken to the central sewerage treatment plant.

During the special events like Chaat, Govt. PMC provides makeshift toilets like mobile toilets to take

care of the situation. The waste water will be disposed by the PMC and will be treated in the STPs.

Solid Waste Generation4:

The projected population in each ghat after the completion of the project is expected to be around

400. The quantum of waste generation could be around 200gm/capita. Hence the total waste

generation from 20 ghats would be around = 400*20*200/1000=1600 kg (400 is the maximum

expected population)

To take care of this quantum of waste 4 dustbins will be provided in each ghat and each dustbin will

have capacity of 20 kg. Hence capacity of waste collection= 4*20*20=1600 kg

In additional along the promenades for a total length of 5000m a total of 254 number of litter bins (i.e.

1 liter bin per 20 m length) shall be provided with capacity of 1 kg each. This when used in full

capacity can take care of 254 kg of solid waste.

In Anta ghat area, for the fresh vegetable market 2 big dustbins of 4.5m3 capacity has been proposed

so that the waste generated form the market can be taken care.

The generated waste will be collected everyday by the maintenance staff and the collected waste will

be disposed to the secondary collection points to the nearby areas provided by PMC.

During festive season and when huge numbers of pilgrims gather at various ghats, additional waste

collection bin facility is generally provided by urban local body. Additionally, as part of the project few

such bins are proposed so that no direct waste disposal is being made to the river body.

4This compliance mitigation measure is given on the basis of observation received from NMCG and World Bank on draft ESIA

report. The compliance to all such observations are given in Annexure 1.6.


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To minimize pious refuse to river Ganga small mesh barriers are proposed to screen these refuse.

Once screened these refuse may be taken by the Safai karmacharis for disposal to bins.

Apart from these identified projects, as part of the EMP a detailed environmental awareness program

has been proposed with the involvement of local schools. The awareness program can be in the

forms of waste cleaning, road play along the promenades.

Aquatic Ecology/River Dolphin:

As mentioned in section 6.2, impact on dolphin is not envisaged from the project as the movement of

Dolphin is mostly concentrated in the left bank and the project is conceptualized in the right bank.

The indirect potential impact that may be envisaged from the project on Dolphin are in the form of the

following:

Increase in tourism in the river section from right bank to left bank through and incorporation

of more speed boats;

Leisure boat movement

Increase in fishing activities (if any)

6.4.2 Mitigation Measure Proposed in Project:

Mitigation Measure:

The project area is not the usual route of Dolphins. Still, as part of the project measures are being

taken to enhance the natural condition of the river bank, exchange of nutrients so that natural habitats

are restores and enhanced during the operation stage.

The project will have the following facilities:

• Riparian edge restoration, planting long edge for biodiversity for wildlife, carbon reduction,


• Nitrogen and Phosphorus reduction through bio-filtration phytorid from sewage filled

discharge

• Solid waste management through in-situ aerobic composting (bio-degradable garbage only)

• Control of flood and overflowing through landscape along the banks and engineering


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Further as part of the project some measures are being taken towards conservation of the river

Dolphin as an integral of the project. The measures are:

A Dolphin Research Centre has been proposed to work more on Dolphin research in the

project stretch , its behavior and maintaining data base.

Additionally as part of the EMP a dolphin Conservation Committee has been proposed with

local university students and fishermen under the chairman ship of one of the scientist of the

Dolphin research centre. This committee will observe the conservation measures and

primarily will try to protect them from poaching. No Dolphin oil is however being used in Patna

Ganga region as a fish bait any more (they now use other animal fat).

Another major problem to Gangetic Dolphin is the use of fine fishing nets in the upstream of

Patna city (around 5 km). Dolphins, being blind, get stuck into these nets (in their jaws) and

ultimately die. During the discussion with the fishermen, it was revealed that they also work as

informer to police for any kind of dolphin poaching activities etc. With the proposed Dolphin

Conservation Committee such participation will further improved as then the committee will

work formally.

Fine nets nowadays banned and is a curse

for dolphin movement-not used in patna

ghat areas any more

Nets that are used in patna ghat area

(approved one)

Discussion with the fishermen along Pipe based makeshift bridge being used for

Small drain (not ganga)

Ganga)


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project ghat people to cross the small channel to the

main part of Ganga (during lean season)

As the habitat of dolphin is dependent upon many other factors, silt accumulation and river

ecology therefore as an integral part of the project research activities on river water quality

and ecology and Ganga Dolphin is felt more necessary. These research activities have been

thought of towards an overall integration of Patna RFD with other NGRBA components like

Sewerage Networks, STPs and Solid Waste Management on River Ecology and Ganga

Dolphin.

The PhD program will continue for 4 years minimum and hence this will also capture the

impact on river ecology and Ganga Dolphin (if any) from the Patna RFD or from the other

NGRBA programs and thus will generate significant database in the present project stretch

and some more sections in the upstream and downstream (minimum 2 km upstream and 2

km downstream).

The 2 PhD studentship will be mainly on:

PhD-1: River Water Quality and Ecology with establishment of suitable model (An integrated

silt -water quality- river ecology model like Delft-3D/Mike 21

PhD-2: Nature and Behaviour of Ganga Dolphin and present trend of their habitation

Crowd During Festivals and associated risks:

The proposed project enhances the facilities for gathering of large number of devotees during

the “Chatth” festival and “Ganga Arati”. This may significantly increase the risk from over

crowding and chances of accidents from stampedes etc.

Mitigation Measure:

Various safety measures are being proposed in the project like proper access and exit route

of the ghat, crowd management and emergency facilities to minimize the anticipated impacts

if any. The details of risk and safety measures proposed in the project are given in section

6.4.

6.4.3 RISK ASSESSMENT AND SAFETY MEASURES:

As part of the project risk assessment and safety measures, carrying capacity approach has been

taken to understand the withstand capacity of the ghats as well as promenade for the maximum

number of population. Various tailor made safety measures are accordingly being proposed in the

project:

Carrying capacity of the safety aspects:


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The aspect of carrying capacity is related to the carrying capacity of the Ghats as well as the

promenades in which during the festive season generally large number of people gathers.

One of the good aspects of the project that it will provide a large space to the devotees instead of

conglomeration of large density of people in one ghat. Project ghats and associated promenade will

facilitate to spread the devotees so that the concentration of large number of people at one place is

reduced.

Calculation of carrying capacity on Ghats and Promenade:

The proposed Ghats are of the configuration of 60mx20-30m with a depth ranging between 24-30m.

The total area of a ghat approximately varies between 60x20=1200 sq.m to 60x30=1800 sq.m.

For example in anta ghat the area is 1800 sq. m where nearly 2-3 persons per Sq.m can be allowed

and thus it becomes around 5000 persons in Anta ghat that can be allowed at a time.

The load calculations are based upon IS code with a reference of 6 kilo Newton/sq.m.

It is estimated that overall around 1,00,000 people can be allowed with the proposed design of the

Ghats at a time within the 6.5 km of proposed project areas. The list of people allowable in each ghat

is given in table 6.2.

Table 6-2: Carrying Capacity Calculation for each of project ghats

Sl.

No.

Name of Ghats Size of

the Ghats

Total Area

of the Ghats

Person

accommodate

at Ghats

1 Anta ghat (60x30) m 1800 sqm 5400 person

2 B.N.College ghat (60x24.50) m 1470 sqm 4400 person

3 Adalat ghat (70x25.80) m 1806 sqm 5400 person

4 Mishri ghat (60x35) m 2100 sqm 6300 person

5 T.N. Banerjee ghat (60x31.80) m 1908 sqm 5700 person

6 Krishna ghat (70x24.6) m 1722 sqm 5100 person

7 Brahva ghat (60x35) m 2100 sqm 6300 person

8 Rani ghat (60x28) m 1680 sqm 5000 person


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Sl.

No.

Name of Ghats Size of

the Ghats

Total Area

of the Ghats

Person

accommodate

at Ghats

9 Gulvi ghat (40 x 10) m 400 sqm 100 person

10 Ghagha ghat (60x28) m 1680 sqm 5000 person

11 Raushan ghat (60x24.50) m 1470 sqm 4400 person

12 Choudhary Tola ghat (60x27.80) m 1668 sqm 5000 person

13 Pathri ghat (70x35) m 2450 sqm 7300 person

14 Alamganj ghat (70x35) m 2450 sqm 7300 person

15 Laurwa ghat (60x27) m 1620 sqm 4800 person

16 Hanuman ghat (60x27) m 1620 sqm 4800 person

17 Raja ghat (70x23.80) m 1666 sqm 5000 person

18 Gai ghat (40x46.45) m 1858 sqm 5500 person

19 Bhadra ghat (90x40) m 3600 sqm 10000 person

20 Mahavir ghat (60x40) m 2400 sqm 7000 person

21 Nauzar ghat (60x40) m 2400 sqm 7000 person

Accordingly safe structural designs are being incorporated in the project.

Health and Safety Measures: In addition to carrying capacity the project will also undertake following

general health and safety measures are given below:

Generic Health and safety measures;

Belts all along the ghats;

PPE use;

Inaccessibility to children; (Construction Netting);

Medical check up ;

Local labour will be hired for the project to the extent possible and no camping along the

project areas would be allowed;


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4 ambulances (for 2 years of project construction period) shall be provided for any type of

medical emergency;

Contacts with nearby hospital, primary health centres etc. shall be established;

Reporting format for accidents and near miss accidents shall be prepared and will be

maintained and will be monitored on fortnightly basis by the SHE (Safety, Health and

Environmental ) officer of the project;

Chaat festival will be restricted to these ghats during construction period;

Side Access for pedestrian movements at Mahendru ghat;

Refuge access;

All along promenades for better accessibility

One way traffic to ghat where the accessibility is less than 6m;

In other cases 2 way traffic can be provided;

Safety measures towards the access to the promenade from Collectorate ghat to Rani ghat:

Access to the promenade has been increased by proposed pedestrian streets connecting the existing

street network to the promenade

a. 6m wide access proposed between Collectorate complex and Bankipur club

b. 2.5m proposed adjoining SBI Campus towards Proposed Anta ghat.

c. 3m between B.N.College and Ganga mahal towards Proposed B.N.College ghat

d. 6m between GM residence and Railway reservation Centre towards Mahendru ghat.

e. 4.5m along Patna college campus towards proposed Adalat ghat

f. 6m adjoining Patna medical college and hospital towards Proposed Mishri ghat.

g. 6m towards proposed Banerjee ghat

h. 6m adjoining Darbanga house towards Kali ghat

i. 6m adjoining Patna college science and NIT towards Patna college ghat

j. 6m towards proposed Krishna ghat

k. 5m adjoining engineering college building towards Gandhi ghat

l. 6m adjoining Law college towards proposed Bharawa ghat

m. 4m through campus university quarter towards Rani ghat

Streets below above 5m width are to be used for two way pedestrian traffic and streets under 5m are

used as one way towards the promenade and alternate access roads made away from promenade

Safe gathering areas (Refuge areas) are provided at Gandhi ghat, Adalat ghat, B.N. College ghat.

Refuge areas are connected to evacuation routes. The details of refuge access routes are shown in

Appendix-1.

Evacuation routes are provided at an interval of (approx.) 300m leading away from promenade and

Ghats.


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Provision for Ambulance access and parking on each evacuation route

1 life guard station provided at every ghat.

Crowd Management during festivals:

The crowd management is an important aspect for minimizing the safety hazards and risks related to

it. In Patna the crowd management during the festivals is the responsibility of District Magistrate and

his team. Generally it is like they depute number of police personnel in each of the Ghats with

separate access route for ongoing and outgoing visitors.

In this regard recently a District level Disaster Management Plan has been prepared and the draft

report is under the approval stage. The draft management plan includes the arrangement for following

aspects:

Adequate crowd management through limiting the time of stay of persons in the ghats;

The suggested measures adopted in the project can also be shared with the DM so that

accordingly crowd management can be made;

Separate entry and exit route to minimize any panic related hazard;

Close circuit television at strategic points as well as in the entry and exit point to monitor

traffic inflow and outflow;

Adopting the proposed access routes as suggested in the project for crowd management;

Ensure that the maximum allowable load of persons in the Ghats as suggested in the project

does not exceed at any point of time;

Adequate signage shall be provided along with public address system through media,

newspapers and Addressal by the polices;

Policing to restrict the entry of any kind of vehicles towards the ghat approach roads during

the festival season, only pedestrians are allowed along the approach roads;

Life boat and life jackets shall be provided in each ghat to provide safety during any kind of

emergency conditions;


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7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION

7.1 Introduction

Consultation is a process in the project cycle in which an attempt is made to involve the public as

stakeholders in project preparation through consultation and focus group discussion meetings.

Stakeholders’ participation and consultation have been viewed as a continual course of action, which

promote public understanding and help eradicate hurdles in the way of the project. Consultation

during project preparation as an integral part of the social assessment process not only minimizes the

risks and unwanted propaganda against the project but also removes the gap between the community

and the project formulators, which leads to timely completion of the project and making the project

people friendly.

7.2 Methods of Public Consultation

Keeping in mind the objective of minimizing adverse impact and the need of the stakeholders’

participation for the smooth implementation of the project, consultation with the members of different

sections of society, the affected people, identified vulnerable groups including women headed

households, slum dwellers regular Ghat visitors, venders, boatman, vegetable seller, tourist and

students of the project area were carried out. The consultation with vulnerable people was made with

the aim of building awareness among them so that likely potential adverse impacts of the project on

the target vulnerable population may be minimized. In this regard several meetings were organized at

various locations, as detailed in this chapter. Consultations were carried at different level (Table 7.1)

to elicit required information (their view & opinions).

Table 7-1: Levels of Consultations

Key Stakeholders Types of Consultations

Local communities Individual interview, field level observations,

community consultations & meetings

Individual affected households Census & Socio – economic Survey

Tourists & Students Focus Group Discussions

Women’s groups Focus Group Discussions

Other vulnerable groups (SC, OBC etc.) Focus Group Discussions

Fisher man and Boat mans Focus Group Discussions

Vegetable seller Focus Group Discussions

Slum dwellers Focus Group Discussions

The main objectives of undertaking these consultations were:

To make affected persons aware of the project impacts and broad provisions of the R&R policy


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Dissemination of information to build awareness among APs and inform them about the objective of

the project.

Discuss about the training requirements to enhance their skills & restore the livelihood.

7.3 Consultation with affected households

Public consultation is a continual process and is being carried out at all stages throughout the project

period. In order to document the issues raised by the potential APs, public consultations were

conducted in all Ghats. Some of the Affected Persons expressed their views about the proposed ghat

Development project. A summary of different issues discussed with the potentially affected persons

are given below.

1. Public Consultation on Environment and Social Management Framework

(NGRBA) held with Vegetable sellers Community at Anta Ghat, Patna

Minutes

Date: 19th Sep, 2012 Time: 10:00 to 11:30 Place: Anta Ghat

Attended by: Consultancy team from VOYATS

1. Dr. Dushyant Mishra

2. Mr. Y P Mishra

3. Mr. Ashok kumar

4. Mr. Avadhesh Das

Name of participants:

1. Nanank Rai

2. Shambhu

3. Harinder

4. Subhas

5. Shatrughan

6. Rohit

7. Shiv Poojan

8. Virendar

9. Rajkumar

10. Nandoo

11. Asharfi Rai

12. Om Prakash

The public consultation meeting was flagged-off by Dr. Dushyant Mishra who welcomed the

participants and briefed them about the agenda of the meeting. Further the meeting was carried


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forward by Mr. Y P Mishra, who presented the details about the NGRBA project, future

government plans, possible assistance by World Bank, overall significance of ESMF, stake-holder

participation during the project, etc. A brief summary of all the important points discussed during

the meeting are mentioned in the following points:

Construction of partially build religious structure

proper sanitation facilities to the Vegetable growers coming from Diara for selling their vegetables to the

whole sale dealers

Construction of Pucca road up to the Ghat for better accessibility for commuters

cleaning of the Ghat and stop direct dumping of vegetable wastes in the river Ganga

Develop a sewerage treatment plant before this Ghat

Ensure participation of Vegetable Venders for the maintenance of Ghat after rejuvenation/ maintenance

The meeting was concluded by Mr. Y. P. Mishra followed by vote of thanks given by Mr. Ashok

Kumar.

Public Consultation with local people at anta Ghat


(NGRBA) held with Slum dwellers at Mahendu Ghat, Patna

Minutes

Date: 19th Sep, 2012 Time: 12:00 to 1:30 Place: Mahendru Ghat



2. Mr. Y P Mishra

3. Mr. Ashok

4. Mr. Avadhesh Das


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1. Makhiya Devi

2. Rajan

3. Ganesh Ram

4. Amar Kumar

5. Abhishek Kumar

6. Kailash Kumar

7. Arvind Malik

8. Umesh Ram

9. Pradeep Kumar

10. Shambhu Ram



forward by Mr. Y P Mishra, who presented the details about the NGRBA project, future government

plans, possible assistance by World Bank, overall significance of ESMF, stake-holder participation

during the project, etc. A brief summary of all the important points discussed during the meeting are

mentioned in the following points:

Develop approach road Problem of direct access of the Ghat for the community

Develop an approach road for the access of Ghat by the slum dwellers/Ghat users

Improve the sanitation and basic facilities for the slum dwellers

Water logging problem in the slum

Employment Opportunity for Slum Dwellers during construction work


Kumar.

Public Consultation with the slum dwellers at Mahendru Ghat


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(NGRBA) held with Woman group at T N Banerjee Ghat, Patna

Minutes

Date: 20th Sep, 2012 Time: 10:00 to 12:30 Place: T N Banerjee



2. Mr. Y P Mishra

3. Mr. Ashok

4. Mr. Avadhesh Das


1. Jooli Kumari

2. Munni Devi

3. Asha Devi

4. Khushabu devi

5. Geeta Devi

6. Sadhana Devi

7. Chanda Devi

8. Mamata Devi

9. Keshari Devi

10. Seema kumara

11. Rajani Devi







Problem of toilet and bathroom facility for woman

Lack of basic facilities like water, electricity in the slum

Employment issue also raised by woman and slum dwellers

Slum is situated at highly risk prone area


Kumar.


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Public Consultation at Dr. T.N.Banerjee Ghat

4. Public Consultation on Social Management Framework (NGRBA) held with

Vulnerable Community at Mishri Ghat, Patna

Minutes

Date: 21th Sep, 2012 Time: 9:30 to 11:00 Place: Mishri Ghat



2. Mr. Y P Mishra

3. Mr. Ashok Kumar

4. Mr. Avadhesh Das


1. Uday Malik

2. Munna Ram

3. Sunil Malik

4. Sujeet Ram

5. Kanhae Ram

6. Suraj Malik

7. Gudiya devi

8. Rinki devi

9. Manju

10. Videshwar Mahato

11. Lalan Mahato






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Construction for community toilets and sanitary latrines for slum dwellers

Problem of water and electricity for slum dwellers

Employment problem in vulnerable groups were found

Increase employment opportunity in construction work . APs should be given priority for getting

employment.

Public Consultation with Mishri Ghat


(NGRBA) held with Fisher Man and Boatman Community at Baharwa Ghat,

Patna

Minutes

Date: 21th Sep, 2012 Time: 12:00 to 1:00 Place: Baharwa Ghat



2. Mr. Y P Mishra

3. Mr. Ashok Kumar

4. Mr. Avadhesh Das


1. Lalan yadav

2. Bachcha ray

3. Vijay Rai

4. Gulab Prasad

5. Amir lal


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6. Styanarayan

7. Bhikhan Rai

8. Ashok Chand

9. Gopal Rai

10. Sujan Rai

11. Amarjeet Rai

12. Sanjay Rai







Provide proper sanitation facilities along with efficient operation and maintenance system to

the Fisher man/ boatman community using Ghat and regular Ghat visitors for taking bath in

the Holy River

In the rejuvenation of Baharwa Ghat special emphasis should be given on the deepening of

Ghats and sufficient space for boats man

In order to ensure proper cleaning of the Ghats dumping of solid waste must be stopped near

river Ganga by community

Ensure participation of Fisher man/ boatman community for the maintenance of Ghat after

rejuvenation


Kumar.

Public Consultation With Local boatmen and fishermen


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(NGRBA) held with Ghat users at Gulvi Ghat (Vaikunth dham), Patna

Minutes

Date: 21th Sep, 2012 Time: 1:30 to 2:30 Place: Gulvi Ghat



6. Mr. Y P Mishra

7. Mr. Ashok

8. Mr. Avadhesh Das


1. Naresh Thakur

2. Gulshan Thakur

3. Chotu Kumar

4. Shobhit Singh

5. Sakaldeep Singh

6. Pradip Singh

7. Ramavtar Rai

8. Maheshwar Rai

9. Janardan Pandit

10. Rampukar Rai

11. Rameshwar Singh







Lack of space on the Ghat for people who comes for buried the dead bodies

Approach road is congested because of vendors sitting along the road.

Ghat should be wide and attractive.

Provision for proper sanitation facilities for the Ghat users


Kumar.


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Consultation with local people at Gulvi Ghat-Crematorium


(NGRBA) held with Students at Patna Collage Ghat, Patna

Minutes

Date: 21th Sep, 2012 Time: 3:00 to 4:00 Place: Patna Collage Ghat



2. Mr. Y P Mishra

3. Mr. Ashok Kumar

4. Mr. Avadhesh Das


1. Manish Tiwari

2. Ramayan Ram

3. Sunil Jaiswal

4. Shakti Singh

5. Sushil Kumar

6. Amit Singh

7. Aman Singh

8. Rajesh Yadav

9. Mulchand Agrawal

10. Rajveer Singh

11. Pawan Kumar




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Approach should be improved of all the Ghats so one can reach easily with their vehicle.

Availability of Safe Drinking water facility should be ensured at each Ghat.

Fixation of Dustbins at various places and provision of modern Sanitation facility should be provided at

each Ghat

Provision of good quality canteens at major Ghats should be ensured

Disposal of sewerage system directly in to rivers must be stopped immediately..

Student should involve in Awareness campaign regarding Saving of Holy Ganga.


Kumar.

Consultation with Students at Patna College


(NGRBA) held with Tourists and Regular Ghat visitors at Gandhi Ghat, Patna

Minutes

Date: 21th Sep, 2012 Time: 4:30 to 6:00 Place: Gandhi Ghat



2. Mr. Y P Mishra

3. Mr. Ashok Kumar

4. Mr. Avadhesh Das


1. Ankit Kumar

2. Rahul Raj


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3. Prem Mishra

4. Susheel Kumar Singh

5. Uma Kumari

6. Madhavi Kumari

7. Birendra Singh

8. Nand Jee Singh

9. Radjeet Sharma

10. Vinod Sharma

11. Jitendra Shrivastav

12. Padmeshchand Shrivastav







Development of proper approach roads from all weather roads.

Drinking water facility should be ensured properly

Daily cleaning of Ghat for attracting more spiritual tourists during Aarti.

Park should be developed and clothes should not be dry on the railings of the park

Proper place should be determined for the spiritual activities (Mundan etc.)

Development/ increase of cafeteria and its modernization according to the social needs.

Safety of tourists from bad elements in and around the Ghat area.

Public Consultation with the local people at Gandhi ghat with local tourists


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8. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Environment Management Action Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development of

the proposed river front development project in Patna both during the construction as well as during

operational phases. The EMP is site and time specific.

The implementation of EMP is important. For this an institutional framework has been developed and

roles and responsibilities of the various line departments are made. Some capacity development

program are also identified as part of the EMP as sub-project. The essence of the project is its proper

maintenance and integrating it with the other projects being organized by NGRBA’s investment

program.

In general, the urban development department, Bihar known as Bihar Urban Infrastructure

Development Corporation Ltd. (BUIDCo) (with assistance from Contractor and Independent

Engineer/Supervision Consultant) is the responsible entity for ensuring that the mitigation measures

as suggested in the ESMP are carried out. Mitigation measures for Environment and Social impacts

are listed in Table 8-1. The list provides reference implementing organisation and responsible entity.

8.1 Specific activities by BUIDCo

The role of BUIDCo in the implementation of ESMP involves the following activities:

EIA clearance from NGRBA and World Bank;

Disclosure of ESIA document as well as in the info shop of World Bank and

Permission from line department for laying of drainage line, construction of Sulabh toilets and connection to city sewer line

Permission for tree felling (if any)

Displacement of encroachers from project site

8.2 Specific activities by Contractor

The activities to be performed by the contractor to implement the ESMP shall comprise the following:

Obtain consent to establish from state pollution control board under air and water act;

Felling of trees (if at all required) with the prior permission of Forest Department;

Finalizing the selection of material sources (quarry and borrow material, etc.) and shall follow

necessary guidelines as given in Annexure 1.1, and Annexure 1.2).

Selection, design and layout of construction areas, labour camps etc. (Refer Annexure 1.6)


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8.3 Implementation of EMP

The Environmental Officer of the contractor should be available for the entire duration of the project

and shall be primarily responsible for compliance of EMP. The Environmental Specialist from the

Independent Engineer/ Supervision Consultant shall monitor the compliance of the EMP and all the

design drawings of various civil structures shall be implemented after his approval. The proposed

organogram for the implementation and monitoring of ESMP is presented in figure 8-1.

Figure 8-1: Organization Structure for Implementation of EMP

Managing Director

Scheme Implementation Team (including EMP and R&R implementation)

BUIDCo

Project Manager

(Contractor)

Environmental Officer

(Contractor)

Team Leader

(Supervision Consultant)

Environmental Expert

(Supervision Consultant)

State Pollution

Control Board

SPMG of NGRBA

GM (Tech) GM (Works) GM (Admin.)

CGM


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Table 8-1: Environment Management Plan

Environmental

Impact / Aspect Mitigation Measures

5 Location

6 Time Frame

7

Responsibility

Cross reference

Implementation Supervision

DESIGN STAGE

Issues from

stakeholder

Consultations

Various issues raised were examined & suitably

incorporated based on merit & other road safety measures.

Along the

ghats During Design Contractor BuidCo EIA and DPR

PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Tree cutting

No tree cutting is involved. If any of them are unavoidable

for cutting then Compensatory afforestation shall be made in

city park proposed as part of the project.

Along the ghats

or it City Parks

proposed in the

project

Before

construction

starts

Contractor Buidco Forest Act

Mobilisation & Site Clearance

Removal of

Vegetation

Vegetation will be removed from the ghat section before the

commencement of Construction. Along the ghats

Before

construction

Starts

Contractor BuidCo DPR

Clearing of Slums

Slum population will be cleared as per the social

assessment and compensation shall be paid before

construction starts

Along the ghats

Before

construction

Starts

BuidCo BuidCo DPR

Procurement of

plants and

machineries

Specifications of plant and machinery to be procured need

to comply to the relevant national standard norms and with

the requirements of emission control and noise pollution

abatement requirement as per the standards prescribed by

CPCB

Prior to

mobilization at

site

Contractor BuidCo

National

Ambient Air and

Noise Quality

Standard of

CPCB

Setting up of The construction camps will be located at least 500m away construction During Contractor SC, BUIDCo Appendix 1.3 of

5 Some of the mitigation measures are preventive in nature while some others include additional measures in terms of environmental conservation and involve physical and construction work. 6 Unless otherwise stated, the Project Site covers area around the ghats. 7 Time frame refers to the duration or instant of time when the mitigation measures will be taken.


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Environmental


5 Location

6 Time Frame

7

Responsibility

Cross reference


construction

camps

from habitations and there must be necessary (temporary)

living accommodation and ancillary facilities as approved by

the supervision consultant (SC).

campsite Establishment,

Operation and

Dismantling of

Such Camps.

EIA report.

CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Land

Soil Erosion and

Sedimentation

control

Main reason of soil erosion is the construction along the

bank. Contractor should plan the activities so that proper

surface pitching is done to avoid loose soil. Following

preventive measures to be taken such as:

Embankment slopes to be covered, soon after

completion.

Vegetation growth along the banks to be maintained for

soil stability;

Proper drainage be maintained to minimize erosion.

Top soil from borrow area, construction site to be

protected / covered for soil erosion.

Along the ghats

Upon

completion of

construction

activities at

these sites.

During

construction

Contractor BuidCo

Standard

engineering

practices,

Quarrying

Material sources

Quarry material shall be sourced from approved and

licensed aggregate and sand quarries. Copy of licenses to

be submitted to the SC.

For operating new quarries, the Contractor shall obtain

materials from quarries only after consent of concerned

authorities and only after development of a comprehensive

quarry’ redevelopment plan.

Adequate safety precautions shall be ensured during

transportation of quarry material from quarries to the

construction site. Vehicles transporting the material shall be

covered to prevent spillage. Operations to be undertaken by

Along the ghats During

construction Contractor SC, BuidCo

Standard

Engineering

Practices and

Appendix 1.1

and Appendix

1.2 of EIA

report.


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Environmental


5 Location

6 Time Frame

7

Responsibility

Cross reference


the Contractor as per the direction and satisfaction of the

SC.

Loss of top soil

The top soil will be covered is required to be taken during construction;

Top soil to be stored in stockpiles and shall be covered.

Stockpiles to be designed in such a way that slope do not exceed 1:2 (vertical to horizontal).

Silt fencing to protect the edges of the pile and height of stockpiles to be restricted to 2m.

Along the ghats During


Standard

practice, WB

safeguard

documents

Contamination of

soil

Oil & fuel spills from construction equipment shall be controlled by good O&M practices;

Contaminated soil shall be disposed of as per guidelines of CPCB and be sold to an approved vendor

Vehicle maintenance and refuelling in construction camps should be confined to areas with traps oil / grease to prevent wastewater from entering into rivers and streams

At fuel storage

areas – usually

at construction

camps,

temporarily

acquired site.

During

Construction. Contractor SC, BuidCo,

SPIU

Guidelines of

CPCB and World

Bank

Generation of

Debris

Debris generated due to the dismantling of the existing ghats

and other concrete structures (Collectorate ghat) and

buildings and slums shall be stored at a place sufficiently

away from the main channel of Ganga.

The generated debris shall be re-used efficiently if found

suitable for using mainly as fill materials and stone pitching

work.

Throughout

Project Corridor.

During

Construction Contractor SC, BuidCo

Guidelines of

CPCB and World

Bank

AIR

Dust Generation

Vehicles covering construction materials shall be covered;

Regular water sprinkling at areas of dust generation.

Along the ghats, all access roads, temporarily acquired sites.

Beginning with

& throughout

construction

until side

slopes are

covered.

Contractor SC, BuidCo


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Environmental


5 Location

6 Time Frame

7

Responsibility

Cross reference


Equipment

Selection,

Maintenance and

Operation

Regular pollution under check for construction vehicles shall be made;

Further, idling of vehicles to be stopped during construction period;

Automatic diesel logger may be installed in vehicles to minimise idling

Along the ghats, all

access roads, temporarily

acquired sites

During Construction.


Water

Alteration of

drainage

Ghats need to be constructed during dry season, with adequate drainage facility to take away the construction spillage to an area sufficiently away from the river Ganga and finally can be disposed to the city sewer line after approval of SC;

Debris generated due to the excavation of foundation or due to the dismantling of existing structure will be removed from the water course.

Temporary Silt trap fencing to be provided on the mouth of discharge into Ganga to avoid any kind of silt deposit during the construction work;

Adequate sanitation and waste management facility to be provided in construction camp as per Appendix 1.3 of EIA report and it is to be ensured that no liquid or solid waste get disposed into river Ganga during the construction period.

If emulsion or pints are being used then care shall be taken to see that they are not mixed with water of Ganga;

Interceptor drains to be given to take the liquid waste from building lines and connect the same to city sewer line. During such construction care must be taken to ensure that no damage is made to any kind of drain so that waste is not get disposed to Ganga;

Along the ghats, all access roads, temporarily acquired sites

Whenever encountered

during construction


Silting /

sedimentation Measures suggested under “Soil Erosion and

Sedimentation control” will be enforced.

Along the ghats, all

access roads,

Throughout

construction Contractor SC, BudCo


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Environmental


5 Location

6 Time Frame

7

Responsibility

Cross reference


Silt fencing is provided around water bodies.

temporarily acquired sites

period

Cultural Resources and Temples

Impact on

structures during

construction

As part of the project no cultural resources/temple/mosque shall be demolished;

Care shall be taken during the construction work that vibration impact does not destabilize these cultural resources as they are old structures; hence if piling work is to be done near these structures then adequate vibration muffler shall be used with proper technical specification

During construction these resources shall be significantly covered to avoid any impact from construction. The construction work near these cultural resources shall be avoided during the scheduled puja activities, worshipping time etc.

In and around ghat locations and near to the

temple and cultural

resource areas

Throughout

construction,

special care for

no construction

during puja

activities,

worshipping

time etc.

Contractor SC, BuidCo For technical

specification

Noise

Noise from

Vehicles, Plants

and Equipment

Construction activities especially the use of impact pile

drivers shall be restricted during evening and night time

hours (7 p.m. to 6 a.m.)

All jackhammers and pavement breakers used on the

construction site shall be fitted with manufacturer’s

approved exhaust muffler.

Use of pneumatic impact equipment shall be restricted

100m from noise sensitive locations, cultural resources

during night time. Instead of pneumatic hammers electric,

hydraulic hammers could be used.

Use hydraulic or vibro impact hammers in place of diesel

hammers for piling work;

The local power grid shall be used to limit generator

noise

Provision of ear-plugs to contractors exposed to high

All the ghat section and surrounding area

Throughout


Various plant

and machinery

manufacturing

guidelines and

OSHA

guidelines


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Environmental


5 Location

6 Time Frame

7

Responsibility

Cross reference


noise levels.

Flora and Fauna

Loss of trees and

Avenue Planting

No loss is envisaged as all the trees to be maintained;

Careful monitoring shall be made if any single tree cutting

is involved in the project;

Fuel provision shall be made in construction camp and

canteen like LPG so that no tree cutting get involved for

fuel wood.

All the ghat section and surrounding camp area

After

completion of

construction

activities


Fauna

Construction workers must protect natural resources and

wild animals especially Dolphin

Hunting will be strictly prohibited.


During


Gangetic Dolphin

The Dolphins are restricted in the left bank only as found

during discussion with local fishermen, ZSI etc. and other

research personnel and the project to be construction in

the right bank,

Strict monitoring shall be made with the help of local

fishermen and police personnel of Patna so that no

hunting of Dolphin is being made during construction

stage;

No release of toxic contaminant (like emulsion, paint etc.)

shall be released to river Ganga as part of the project

and any kind of waste water generated from the project

be restricted to have any kind of impact on Dolphin;

Any kind of fishing activity by construction workers shall

be restricted


During


Socio-Economic Environment

Accidents The Concessionaire / Contractor will provide, erect and

maintain barricades, including signs marking flats, lights and

Ghat sections

and approach

During



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Environmental


5 Location

6 Time Frame

7

Responsibility

Cross reference


flagmen as required by the SC along the ghat sections,

approach roads etc.

roads

Resettlement

Action of People

Nearly 142 households are getting as part of the project.

Affected population will be compensated as per NPRR and

WB policy and entitlement framework as detailed in the SIA

study separately.

The specific R&R measures to be followed is given in

Appendix 1.4

During

Construction Contractor,

BuidCo BuidCo

Appendix 1.4 and SIA report

Resettlement of

CoW shelters

Nearly 5 families do run scuh dairy and cow shelters in T.N

Banerjee ghat. They will be provided with one time financial

assistance @ Rs 25,000 and they will be provided training

for dairy management. They will be shifted to other place as

CoW shelters and Dairy units can’t get operated along the

ghats

T.N. Banerjee

Ghat

During

Construction Contractor,

BuidCo BuidCo

Appendix 1.4 and SIA report

Risk and Safety

Risk and Safety

from construction

activities

Adequate precautions will be taken to prevent danger

from electrical equipment.

Precautions shall be made to provide proper access

route to the devotees to access the cultural

resources/temples during the construction stage along

with adequate signage to avoid any accidents;

The safety workers shall be taken care as per the

prevailing norms and life boat and jackets shall be kept in

adequate numbers so that if there any accident happens

then rescue operation can start within no time;

No material or any of the sites will be so stacked or

placed as to cause danger or inconvenience to any

person or the public.

All necessary fencing and lights will be provided to

protect the public.

Entire Project site.

During Construction

Contractor SC, BuidCo EHS guidelines

of WB


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Environmental


5 Location

6 Time Frame

7

Responsibility

Cross reference


Risk caused by

Force’ Majure

All reasonable precaution will be taken to prevent danger of

the workers and the public from fire, flood, drowning, etc. All

necessary steps will be taken for prompt first aid treatment

of all injuries likely to be sustained during the course of

work.

Entire Project site

During


Safety Measures

During

Construction

To ensure safety of the temporary accesses during

construction, safety devices shall be installed.

Workers undertaking various operations during

construction shall be protected by providing helmets,

masks, safety goggles, hand gloves and rubber boots

etc.

First aid kits shall be provided at construction site for

workers to meet minor accidents during construction

All construction

sites

During


Hygiene

At every workplace, good and sufficient water supply

shall be maintained to avoid waterborne / water-related /

water-based diseases to ensure the health and hygiene

of workers.

Adequate drainage, mobile toilets shall be provided at

workplace.

Preventive Medical care shall be provided to workers.

An action plan shall be prepared and implemented

All Worker’s

Camps

During

construction Contractor SC, BuidCo Appendix 1.3

OPERATION STAGE

Water quality

degradation

Sulabh toilets and waste management program shall be

undertaken along the ghat sections so as to minimize

water pollution.

For taking care of pious refuse mesh barricades shall be

provided at selected locations where rituals are taken.

The pious refuse would then be collected and disposed to

the municipal waste bins.

Along the ghat

section.

PhD for the

ganga river

stretch in Bihar

During

Operational

Stage

BuidCo BuidCo


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Environmental


5 Location

6 Time Frame

7

Responsibility

Cross reference


One PhD study shall be initiated along with project to

create a large database of water quality in Ganga along

the project stretch for a period of 3 years (post

construction) and setting up of a water quality model

integrating silt, water quality and aquatic ecology with

some 3Dimensional model.

Soil Erosion

As part of the project necessary green areas along the banks will be protected as well as new green areas in terms of city parks shall be created. This will provide necessary bank stability.

Further, riparian edge restoration program will be undertaken to maintain natural habitat.

Entire Project

corridor bank

length

During

Operational

Stage

BuidCo BuidCo

Solid Waste

Management

To minimize the waste disposal in river Ganga, the following measures shall be undertaken:

Environmental Awareness Program along among the citizen who will come and use the project ghats and promenades as public space for proper use of toilet and putting waste in disposal bins; awareness through newspaper, television, radio and local cinema halls could be effective. Further IEC material may be spread through various sections of project stretch to ensure awareness;

Provide adequate facilities for bins and transfer collected waste to nearest secondary bins

Appendix 1.6

Dolphin

Conservation

As part of the project a Dolphin Research centre is proposed to be developed under the chairmanship of renowned scientists/Ecologist

Further to conserve the Dolphins a Dolphin Conservation Committee is proposed as part of the project who will keep a strong vigil and report any kind of mishappening to the Dolphin Research Centre and local police station.

Along the ghats

and Ganga river

stretch for the

conservation

During

Operational

Stage

BuidCo BuidCo


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Environmental


5 Location

6 Time Frame

7

Responsibility

Cross reference


The Dolphin conservation committee shall comprise of local fishermen, students, volunteers etc.

One PhD study will be sponsored as part of the fresh water ecology for the impact on Dolphin from various threats mainly from the Patna RFD and then further integrating the same from


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8.4 Environmental Monitoring Program

The Environmental Monitoring Programme has been detailed out in Table 8-2. Successful

implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Program is contingent on the following:

The Supervision Consultant (SC) is to request the Contractor to commence all the initial tests for

monitoring (i.e. for Air, Water Quality and Noise Levels) early in the Contract to establish 'base' readings

(i.e. to assess the existing conditions prior to effects from the Construction activities being felt);

The SC to request the Concessionaire / Contractor to submit for approval a proposed schedule of

subsequent periodic tests to be carried out;

Monitoring by the SC’s Environmental Officer of all the environmental monitoring tests, and subsequent

analysis of results;

Where indicated by testing results, and any other relevant on-site conditions, SC to instruct the

Concessionaire / Contractor to:

o Modify the testing schedule (dates, frequency);

o Modify (add to or delete) testing locations;

o Verify testing results with additional testing as/if required;

o Require recalibration of equipment, etc., as necessary; and,

o Request the Concessionaire to stop, modify or defer specific construction equipment, processes,

etc., as necessary, that are deemed to have contributed significantly to monitoring readings in

excess of permissible environmental "safe" levels.

8.4.1 Monitoring of Concessionaire / Contractor's Facilities, Plant and Equipment

All issues related to negative environmental impacts of the Contractor's Facilities, Plant and equipment are

to be controlled through:

The Contractor's self-imposed quality assurance plan

Regular / periodic inspection of the Concessionaire / Contractor’s plant and equipment

Monthly appraisal of the Contractor.

Other environmental impacts are to be regularly identified and noted on the monthly appraisal

inspection made to review all aspects of the Contractor's operation. The officer is to review all monthly

appraisal reports, and through the team leader is to instruct the Contractor to rectify all significant

negative environmental impacts.

8.5 Integration of Other NGRBA Programs with Patna RFD

Patna RFD is only one of the portfolios of investments under NGRBA towards cleaning the Ganga. In

Patna alone Patna RFD can’t reduce the pollution load that is coming into river Ganga in the form of

raw sewage or semi-treated sewage. The city urgently needs construction of STPs and establishing

sewerage networks to minimize the waste load to river Ganga. These investments are required to be

taken up in priority under NGRBA as then only the proposed Patna RFD will sustain aesthetically.


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8.6 Environmental Budget

The environmental budget for the various environmental management measures proposed in the

ESMP is detailed in Table 8-3. There are several other environmental issues that have been

addressed as part of good engineering practices, the costs for which have been accounted for in the

Engineering Cost. The rates adopted for the budget has been worked out on the basis of market rates

and the Schedule of rates. Various environmental aspects covered/will be covered under engineering

costs are listed below:

Turfing and Pitching of slopes with landscaoing work

Riparian Edge Restoration

Sulabh toilets with septic tanks and connection to city sewer

Drainage along the ghats to collect the discharge from the residents and connecting to city sewer

City Parks and beautification work etc.

Safety Measures and Exist routes


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Table 8-2: Environmental Monitoring Plan

Env.

Compone

nt

Stage Institutional Responsibilities

Parameter Standards Locations Frequency Implementation Supervision

> C

on

st

ruc

tio

n

PM10 μg /m3,

PM2.5 μg/m3,

SO2, NOX, CO CPCB

Plant site, and at

locations of baseline

monitoring

1 seasons

annually except

monsoon

Contractor through approved

monitoring agency/Lab

SC

Op

er

ati

on

PM10 μg /m3,

PM2.5 μg/m3,

SO2, NOX, CO

At locations of

baseline monitoring

Once in a year

except monsoon

for first 5 years.



SC

Su

rfa

ce

Wate

r Q

ua

lity

Co

ns

tru

cti

on

pH,

temperature,

DO, BOD, COD,

Oil &

Grease, Total

Suspended

Solid, turbidity,

Total Hardness,

Chlorine, Iron,

Total Coliform.

Surface Water

Quality Standard

IS:3025

At locations of

construction of ghats

Grab sampling,

once during

construction for

pre-monsoon,

monsoon and

post monsoon at

all ghats



SC

Op

era

tio

n

pH,

temperature, Oil

&

Grease, Total

Suspended

Solid, turbidity,

Chlorine, Iron,

sulphate, nitrate

At locations of

baseline monitoring

Grab sampling,

once in a years

for first 5 years at

4 urban precincts

in up stream and

downstream and

one control.



SC

No

ise

Le

ve

ls

Co

ns

tru

cti

on

Leq dB (A) (Day

and Night)

Average and

Peak values

Ambient Noise

Standard

CPCB

At ghat construction

sites and promenade

Once during

construction at

ghat construction

sites



SC


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Env.

Compone

nt

Stage Institutional Responsibilities

Parameter Standards Locations Frequency Implementation Supervision

Op

era

tio

n Leq dB (A) (Day

and Night)

Average and

Peak values

At locations of

baseline monitoring

Once in year for

1st 5 years



SC

So

il

Co

ns

tru

cti

on

Physical

Parameter:

Texture, Grain

Size, Gravel,

Sand, Silt, Clay;

Chemical

Parameter: pH,

Conductivity,

Calcium,

Magnesium,

Sodium,

Nitrogen,

Absorption Ratio

Near Construction

sites along the ghat

at locations of

baseline monitoring

and areas of storage

of materials,

equipments,

construction camp

etc.

Once in a season

except monsoon

for construction

period



SC

Op

era

tio

n

Physical :

Texture, Grain

Size, Gravel,

Sand, Silt, Clay;

Chemical

Parameter: pH,

Conductivity,

Calcium,

Magnesium,

Sodium,

Nitrogen,

Absorption Ratio

Once in a year

for first 5 years,



SC


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Table 8-3:Environmental Budget

Item

No. Component Description Unit Quantity

Unit cost

(INR)

Total cost (INR)

Detailed Cost Cost

(Lakh)

1 MITIGATION / ENHANCEMENT COST

1.1 Environmental

Awareness

Environmental Awareness program towards minimizing the pollution problem for solid

waste management, water pollution prevention and minimizing impact on Dolphin etc.

through preparaing of IEC materials, media advertisement, clippings in cinema hall etc.

No. Lumpsum 11,00,000 11,00,000.00 11

1.2 Soil Soil Erosion restoration work like retaining wall, edge restoration work, turfing and

vegetative cover, Covered in Engineering Cost

1.3 Health and

Hygiene

Establishing of Construction Camp including facilities for drinking water, waste water

treatment and solid waste disposal facilities Covered in Engineering Cost

1.4 Solid Waste

Management Facilities towards solid waste management for the project Nos. Lumpsum 9,00,000 9,00,000 9

1.5 Water Quality Silt Fencing along ghat sections to protect the release of debris in Ganga M 1000 800.00 8,00,000.00 8.0

1.6 Water Quality

Construction of interceptor drains to collect the raw sewage from the building lines

along the ghats and sending them to a suitable manhole connected to a sewer line and

ultimate treatment in a STP

Covered in Engineering Cost

1.7 Water Quality Funding of one PhD study on fresh water ecology and establishing water quality model

integrating silt, water quality and ecological model for 1 student Months 36 30000 10,80,000 10.8

1.8 Water Quality

Buying of Water Quality modelling Softwares towards completing the PhD on fresh

water ecology and establishing water quality model integrating silt, water quality and

ecology modules

No. 1 8,00,000 8,00,000 8.00

1.9 Water Quality

Collection of Sediment core sampling as part towards generation sediment sample data

which will help in establishing the Water Quality modelling with integration between, silt,

water quality and ecology modules

No. 10 10000 100000 1.00

1.9 Water Quality

Generation of bathymetric information along the stretch of river Ganga along Patna

RFD and 2 km up stream and 2 km downstream from the project site towards

facilitating the establishment of water quality model as part of the PhD study

Lumpsum 3,00,000 3.00


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Item


Unit cost

(INR)

Total cost (INR)

Detailed Cost Cost

(Lakh)

1.9 Flora and Fauna

Provision of Dolphin Conservation Committee initially for 2 years extendable up to 5

years

6 fishermen (@ 1 km of river stretch) and 2 students

Fishermen @2000/p.m

Students @2500/p.m

=6*2000+2*2500=17000 p.m=

17000*12*2=4,08,000

4,08,000 4.08

1.10

Fresh water

Ecology and River

Dolphin

One PhD Study on Fresh water Ecology mainly Ganga river Dolphin, its trend of

survival, breeding etc. Months 36 30000 1080,000 10.8

1.11 Flora and Fauna Preparation of Dolphin Conservation Plan integrating the other portfolio of investment in

NGRBA in Patna including Patna RFD Lumpsum 600,000 6.0

TOTAL MITIGATION / ENHANCEMENT COST 69,68,000.00 69.68

2 MONITORING COST

2.1 Construction Stage

2.1.1

Air

Sampling of Ambient Air Quality and gaseous pollutants as per CPCB Standard

Procedures at 20locations once in a season except monsoon for 1.5 years as per the

Monitoring Plan

No. of

Samples 16 1,500.00 24,000.00 0.24

2.1.2 Analysis charges of Ambient air from samples collected for NOx, SO2, PM2.5, PM10, and

CO as per MoEF charges

No. of

Samples 16 4,500.00 72,000.00 0.72

2.1.3

Surface Water

Quality

Grab sampling, for all the season at 20 locations along the project areas for pre-

monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon for once during construction as per monitoring

Plan

No. of

Samples 60 400.00 24000.00 0.24

2.1.4

Analysis of water quality at locations in the monitoring plan for pH, Turbidity, total

solids, COD, BOD, DO, Chlorides, Hardness, Oil & Grease, TSS, TDS, Total Coliform,

Iron, Fluorides, Nitrates, E. coli, Total coliform and faecal coliform etc. as specified in

"Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater" published by WEF,

AWWA and APHA as per direction of Environmental Specialist / Environmental

Engineer of the Engineer and as per MoEF rate list.

No. of

Samples 60 6,000.00 360,000.00 3.6

2.1.5 Noise Monitoring of noise level for 3 seasons (pre monsoon, monsoon, and post monsoon) -

once in a season except monsoon at 6 locations as per the Monitoring Plan Nos. 18 3,000.00 54,000.00 0.54

2.1.6 Soil Sampling and analysis of soil quality - once in a season except monsoon at 10

locations as per Monitoring Plan at pre and post monsoon season Nos. 40 5000.00 200000 2.00

Monitoring Cost during Construction Stage 7,34,000.00 7.34


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Item


Unit cost

(INR)

Total cost (INR)

Detailed Cost Cost

(Lakh)

2.2 Operation Stage

2.2.1

Air

Sampling of Ambient Air Quality and gaseous pollutants once in a season except

monsoon at 4 locations for 5 year for one season as per the Monitoring Plan

No. of

Samples 20 1,500.00 30,000.00 0.3

2.2.2 Analysis charges of Ambient air from samples collected for NO2, SO2, PM2.5, PM10, O3

and CO as per MoEF charges

No. of

Samples 20 4,500.00 90,000.00 0.9

2.2.3

Water Quality

Grab sampling, once in a season except monsoon at 10 locations for 5 year for one

season as per monitoring plan.

No. of

Samples 50 400.00 20000.00 0.2

2.2.4

Analysis of water quality at locations in the monitoring plan for pH, Turbidity, total

solids, COD, BOD, DO, Chlorides, Hardness, Oil & Grease, TSS, TDS, Total Coliform,

Iron, Fluorides, Nitrates, E. coli, Total coliform and faecal coliform etc. as specified in

“Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater” published by WEF,

AWWA and APHA as per direction of Environmental Specialist / Environmental

Engineer of the Engineer and as per MoEF rate list.

No. of

Samples 50 6,000.00 300000.00 3.0

2.2.5 Noise Monitoring of noise level - once in a season except monsoon at 5 locations (baseline

monitoring locations) for 5 years as per the Monitoring Plan Nos. 25 3000.00 75,000.00 0.75

2.2.6 Soil Sampling and analysis of soil quality - once in a season except monsoon at 6 locations

for 5 years as per the Monitoring Plan Nos. 30 5000.00 150,000.00 1.5

Monitoring Cost during Operation Stage for 5 years 6,65,000.00 6.65

Other miscellaneous cost 33,000.00 0.33

TOTAL MONITORING COST 14,32,000.00 13.99

TOTAL COST 84,00,000.00 84.00


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9. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Overall as part of the Environmental and Social screening study the project is placed in category B

having minor reversible impacts and no such irreversible impacts. The project DPR has already taken

many environmental measures which were being suggested during the visit during the screening

study like (i) Providing sulabh toilet with connection to city sewer; (ii) escape route for the pilgrim

during rush hour; (iii) parking for the boats at the anta ghat; (iv) riparian edge restoration. The project

as such does not involve any such hazardous activity and hence have moderate-low impact.

The major conclusions of review study are given below:

Conclusion: The ghat development work does not require environmental clearance as the covered built up area is

only 10,000 sq.m, rest fall under activity area.

Reserve Forest (RF) diversion, wild life clearance, protected forest clearance are not applicable;

None of Project area is not falling within 10km on either side of a National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, etc.

CRZ clearance zones are not triggered as the project area is not within a coastal zone

For Ganga river Dolphin is endangered species reported along the project stretch and poaching of such

species due to their oil and flesh is reported

8 number of public consultation was carried out during the Environment and Social Survey;

Plan for riparian edge restoration has been proposed

Plan for Sulabh toilets are proposed

Plan for City Parks are proposed

Plan for community cum cultural centres are proposed

Plan for Dolphin Research center are proposed

Overall the project proposes very minor impact which can be taken proposed care with proposed

implementation of ESMP

Recommendation:

The project as such not going have any severe impact on river Ganga as the project itself is taking

necessary environmental care. However, still raw sewage disposal has been noticed at various

section of the river Ganga which requires serious attention from NGRBA otherwise the major objective

of cleaning the Ganga under this scheme will not be able to be completed with the ghat development

program alone.


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ANNEXURES


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Annexure 1.1: Guidelines for Existing Quarry Management

The Contractor will finalise the locations from the list given by Consultant's for procuring materials.

The Contractor shall establish a new quarry only with the prior consent of the Supervision Consultant

(SC) only in cases when: (i) Lead from existing quarries is uneconomical and (ii) Alternative material

sources are not available. The Contractor shall prepare a Redevelopment Plan for the quarry site and

get it approved by the SC.

The construction schedule and operations plans to be submitted to the SC prior to commencement of

work shall contain a detailed work plan for procuring materials that includes procurement,

transportation and storage of quarry materials.

CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Development of site: To minimise the adverse impact during excavation of material following

measures are need to be undertaken:

i) Adequate drainage system shall be provided to prevent the flooding of the excavated area

ii) At the stockpiling locations, the Contractor shall construct sediment barriers to prevent the

erosion of excavated material due to runoff

iii) Construction of offices, laboratory, workshop and rest places shall be done in the up-wind of

the plant to minimize the adverse impact due to dust and noise.

i) The access road to the plant shall be constructed taking into consideration location of units

and also slope of the ground to regulate the vehicle movement within the plant.

iv) In case of storage of blasting material, all precautions shall be taken as per The Explosive

Rules, 1983.

QUARRY OPERATIONS INCLUDING SAFETY

SI.

No. Item Unit Details

Remarks

by IE, if

any

1. Name / identity of the location

2. Nearest project road Chainage.

3. Name of the owner

4. Area involved

5.

Arrangement with the owner (agreement with the third party /

contractor should be attached as an Annexure and should

necessarily require the adaptation of good quarry management

Cum


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SI.

No. Item Unit Details

Remarks

by IE, if

any

practices - a description of the requirements should be included)

6. Quantity of material to be withdrawn vis-à-vis the material

available

8. Machinery & equipment to be used Cum

9. Drainage plans

10. Top soil management

11. Description of the operating practices

12. Health facilities

13. Safety provisions made including fire protection systems and the

availability of different personal protective equipment

14. Conditions laid down in the clearances / licenses and plans to

ensure compliance

15. Monitoring plans for air quality

16. Information on whether or not the quarry will be closed under this

project. If yes, the proposed closure & restoration plan.

17. Photograph of the quarry prior to commencing operations.

19. Sketch of the layout of the quarry

i) During excavation, slopes shall be flatter than 20 degrees to prevent their sliding. In cases

where quarry strata are good and where chances of sliding are less this restriction can be

ignored.

ii) In case of blasting, procedure and safety measures shall be taken as per The Explosive

Rules, 1983

iii) The contractor shall ensure that all workers related safety measures shall be dune as per

guidelines for Workers and Safety.

Topsoil will be excavated and preserved during transportation of the material measures shall be taken

to minimize the generation of dust and prevent accidents.

The SC shall review the quarry site for the management measures during quarry operation, including

the compliance to pollution norms.

POST CONSTRUCTION STAGE

The Contractor shall restore all haul roads constructed for transporting the material from the

quarries to construction site to their original state.

The IE shall be entrusted the responsibility of reviewing the quarry site for the progress of

implementation of Redevelopment Plan.


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The redevelopment of exhaust quarry shall be the responsibility of the agency providing the

permit to ensure the implementation of Redevelopment Plan.

For existing quarry managed directly by a third party / contractor from whom the contractor is sourcing

the materials, the plan should contain the following:

Attach Photograph of Proposed Site, Location Map, consents, licenses and Agreement with land

owner.

REMARKS

Submitted Checked Approved

Signature Signature Signature

Name Name Name

Designation Designation Designation

Contractor Contractor Independent Engineer


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Annexure 1.2: Guidelines for Siting, Operation & Redevelopment of Borrow Areas

(A) Siting

Specific locations of borrow areas to be used will be identified by contractor based on the

recommendations of the ESIA report. In case the contractor or the contractor wants to open any new

borrow areas other than mentioned in this report, and then the selection and recommendations for

borrow areas will be based on environmental as well as civil engineering considerations.

Certain precautions have to be taken to restrict unauthorised borrowing by the contractor and the

contractor. No borrow area shall be opened without permission of the Engineer.

Table 1: Probable Borrow Area along the Project Corridor

Sampl

e no.

Name

of

Villag

e

Materi

al type

Site identification Approximate Quantity

(Cum) Availabl

e

Land /

Terrain

Surroundin

g

Land /

Terrain

Remark

s Nearest

Chainag

e (Km.)

Left /

Right

Offset

from

nearest

Chainag

e (m)

Lengt

h (m)

Breadt

h (m)

Depth

(m)

Total

(Cum)

(B) Criteria for Evaluation of Borrow Areas

i. Existing land use (Agricultural / Barren / Scrub / grazing / any other type)

ii. Vegetation / trees to be removed

iii. Erosion/degradation potential

iv. Distance and name of the nearest settlement

v. Distance from the nearest surface water body

vi. Drainage pattern of the area

vii. Distance of the nearest Reserve Forest (if any)

viii. Distance of the nearest Sacred Tree (if any)

ix. Distance from the nearest school / hospital / primary health centre

x. Daily / Occasional use of borrow area by the community

xi. Any schemes or avenues for generation of income for adjoining community

(C) Documentation of Borrow Pit

The contractor must ensure that following data based must be documented for each identified borrow

areas that provide the basis of the redevelopment plan.


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Chainage along with offset distance

Area (in Sq m)

Type of Access/width from carriageway

Soil Type

Slope / Drainage Characteristics

Water Table of the area or identify from nearest well etc/ask people

Existing Land-use such as barren/agricultural/grazing land

Location/Name/Population of Nearest Settlement/Community & distance from Borrow Area/Type

and characteristics of settlement

Daily / occasional use of the Borrow Area by the community, if any

Identification of any other community facility in the vicinity of the borrow pit

(D) Guidelines for Stripping, Stocking, Preservation of Top Soil

During the excavation of the borrowing material contractor must ensure that the topsoil from all areas

of cutting and all areas to be permanently covered shall be stripped to a specified depth of 150mm

and stored in stockpiles. At least 10% of the temporarily acquired area shall be earmarked for storing

topsoil. The stockpile shall be designed such that the slope does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to

horizontal), and the height of the pile is restricted to 2m.

(E) Guidelines for Enhancement

As far as possible borrow area selected for enhancement shall be on government / community land in

the vicinity of settlement. The contractor must ensure that any enhancement design proposed should

be workable, maintenance free and preferably worked out in consultation with the community and

proposed enhancement materials should be locally available. The borrow area can be developed

either of the following:

Vegetative Cover:

Vegetative cover must be established on all affected land.

Topsoil must be placed, seeded, and mulched within 30 days of final grading if it is within a

current growing season or within 30 days of the start of the next growing season.

Vegetative material used in reclamation must consist of grasses, legumes, herbaceous, or

woody plants or a mixture thereof.

Plant material must be planted during the first growing season following the reclamation phase.

Selection and use of vegetative cover must take into account soil and site characteristics such as

drainage, pH, nutrient availability, and climate to ensure permanent growth.

The vegetative cover is acceptable if within one growing season of seeding:


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The planting of trees and shrubs results in a permanent stand, or regeneration and succession

rate, sufficient to assure a 75% survival rate;

The planting results in 90% ground coverage.

The site shall be inspected when the planting is completed and again at one year to ensure

compliance with the reclamation plan.

Certificate of Completion of Reclamation

Contractors have to obtained certificate of satisfaction from the landowner and submit it to the

Engineer before final payment is to done.

(F) Drawings to be Prepared

The contractor have to prepared the drawings showing both cross-section as well as plan of the

identified borrow areas incorporating following inputs:

Contours if any, depth if any

Location of trees, height, foliage spread and afternoon shaded area on ground

Any other existing details at the road / property interface such as signage/railing/etc.

Details of immediate surrounding for at least 5m on either sides

(G) Photographs to be Include

The contractor must ensure that photographs are to be taken before and after the excavation of

borrow materials and also after the implementation of redevelopment plan, incorporating the following:

Overall View from access side

Any other community resource in the vicinity

All spots to be detailed such as access to borrow pit /cluster of existing trees etc.

(H) OUTPUTS

The contractor must ensure based on the above-mentioned guidelines following outcomes must be

evolved:

Working plan

Cross Section

Longitudinal Section/Elevation of Site

Details of all proposed Enhancements including signage etc.

BoQ


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Annexure 1.3: Guidelines for Siting & Layout of Construction Camp

(A) SITING

The contractor based on the following guidelines shall identify the location of the construction site.

The construction site shall be located:

The construction camps will be located at least 500 m away from habitations at

identified sites. The living accommodation and ancillary facilities for labour shall be

erected and maintained to standards and scales approved by the resident engineer.

On non-agricultural lands, as far as possible

Not within 1000m of either side of locations of Forest areas.

All sites used for camps must be adequately drained. They must not be subject to

periodic flooding, nor located within 300 feet of pools, sink holes or other surface

collections of water unless such water surface can be subjected to mosquito control

measures.

The camps must be located such that the drainage from and through the camps will

not endanger any domestic or public water supply.

All sites must be graded, ditched and rendered free from depressions such that water

may get stagnant and become a nuisance.

(B) LAYOUT

A conceptual layout of a typical construction site has been presented in Figure A. The Contractor

during the progress of work will provide, erect and maintain necessary (temporary) living

accommodation and ancillary facilities for labour to standards and scales approved by the engineer.

All temporary accommodation must be constructed and maintained in such a fashion that

uncontaminated water is available for drinking, cooking and washing. Safe drinking water should be

provided to the dwellers of the construction camps. Adequate washing and bathing places shall be

provided, and kept in clean and drained condition. Construction camps are to be sited away from

vulnerable people and adequate health care is to be provided for the work force.

Sanitation Facilities: Construction camps shall be provided sanitary latrines and urinals. Sewerage

drains should be provided for the flow of used water outside the camp. Drains and ditches should be

treated with bleaching powder on a regular basis. The sewage system for the camp must be properly

designed, built and operated so that no health hazard occurs and no pollution to the air, ground or

adjacent watercourses takes place. Compliance with the relevant legislation must be strictly adhered

to. Garbage bins must be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and the garbage disposed off in

a hygienic manner

Shelter at Workplace: At every workplace, there shall be provided free of cost, four suitable shelters,

two for meals and two others for rest, separately for use of men and women labourers. The height of


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shelter shall not be less than 3m from floor level to lowest part of the roof. Sheds shall be kept clean

and the space provided shall be on the basis of at least 0.5m2 per head.

Canteen Facilities: A cooked food canteen on a moderate scale shall be provided for the benefit of

workers wherever it is considered necessary. The contractor shall conform generally to sanitary

requirements of local medical, health and municipal authorities and at all times adopt such

precautions as may be necessary to prevent soil pollution of the site.

First aid facilities: At every workplace, a readily available first-aid unit including an adequate supply

of sterilized dressing materials and appliances will be provided as per the Factory Rules. Workplaces

remote and far away from regular hospitals will have indoor health units with one bed for every 250

workers. Suitable transport will be provided to facilitate taking injured and ill persons to the nearest

hospital. At every workplace an ambulance room containing the prescribed equipment and nursing

staff will be provided.

Health Care Facilities: Health problems of the workers should be taken care of by providing basic

health care facilities through health centres temporarily set up for the construction camp. The health

centre should have at least a doctor, nurses, duty staff, medicines and minimum medical facilities to

tackle first-aid requirements or minor accidental cases, linkage with nearest higher order hospital to

refer patients of major illnesses or critical cases.

The health centre should have MCW (Mother and Child Welfare) units for treating mothers and

children in the camp. Apart from this, the health centre should provide with regular vaccinations

required for children.


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Annexure 1.4 (Specific R&R Measures)


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Provisions in Entitlement Framework

This entitlement matrix has been developed in accordance with the basic principles adopted in the

RPF and analysis of initial identification of project impacts.

In case where a State Government through any Act or Gazette Notification or as approved by any

authority of State Government (duly authorized for the purpose) as per their approved procedure has

fixed a rate for compensation of land and is higher than the provisions under the project, the same

may be adopted by the Competent Authority in determining the compensation for land.

Similarly, in case where a State Government through any Act or Gazette Notification or as approved

by any authority of State Government (duly authorized for the purpose) as per their approved

procedure has fixed a rate for resettlement and rehabilitation assistance and is higher than the

provisions under the project, the same may be adopted by the Executing Authority.

The following is the entitlement matrix, as per the NPR&R 2007:

Table1: Entitlement Matrix for Aps Residing Along the Ganga River Front at Patna

Type of

Impact/Loss

Unit of

Entitlement

Entitlements as per Policy

Amount to be

Paid

1 Agricultural Land NA

2 House

i) Acquisition of House of

non BPL category

NA

ii) Acquisition of House of

BPL category

Affected

Family (142)

May be allotted free of cost house

site to the extent of actual loss of

area of the acquired house or one

hundred and fifty square metre of

land as the case may be for each

nuclear family. A house of up to

one hundred square metre carpet

area may be provided in lieu

thereof (NPR&R, 2007;Ref 7.2)

It can be

provided in Rajiv

Awas Yojana

/Slum free city

plan under

JNNURM

Scheme of

Government of

India

Right to salvage material from the

demolished structures

Three months‟ notice to vacate

structures

Affected

Family (142)

In case house site or house is not

given, affected family shall get a

@Rs.50,000/- =

Rs.71,00,000


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Type of

Impact/Loss

Unit of

Entitlement


Amount to be

Paid

House cost

(Optional)

@Rs.50,000

/- per family

for house

construction

suitable one-time financial

assistance for house construction,

and the amount shall not be less

than what is given under any

programme of house construction

by the Govt. of India, for example

Integrated Housing Slum

Development Programme

(IHSDP)/ Basic Services for Urban

Poor (BSUP) in urban areas

34Famiies

cattle shed

@Rs.15,000

Each affected family that is

displaced and has cattle, shall get

financial assistance of such

amount as the appropriate

Government may decide but not

less than fifteen thousand rupees,

for construction of cattle shed.

(NPR&R, 2007; Ref 7.10)

@Rs.15,000 =

Rs. 510,000

Financial

assistance

to

34Families

@Rs.15,000

One-time financial assistance of

such amount as the appropriate

Government may decide but not

less than ten thousand rupees, for

shifting of the family, building

materials, belongings and cattle.

(NPR&R, 2007; Ref 7.11)

@Rs.15,000 =

Rs. 340,000

iii)BPL without

homestead land and

residing in the area for

not less than three years

NA

3 Livelihood losses

i) Small trader

or self-employed

Person displaced

Each

affected

Family(17)

@Rs.

25,000

Will get a one-time financial

assistance of such amount as the

appropriate Government may

decide but not less than (Rs.

25,000/-) twenty-five thousand

rupees, for construction of working

@Rs. 25,000

= Rs.425,000

It can be

associated with

Urban Self

Employment


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Type of

Impact/Loss

Unit of

Entitlement


Amount to be

Paid

shed or shop.( NPR&R, 2007;Ref

7.12)

Programme

(USEP)

ii) Employment

Assistance

providing

employment

at least one

person per

nuclear

family

The acquiring body shall give

preference to the affected families

– at least one person per nuclear

family - in providing employment in

the project, subject to the

availability of vacancies and

suitability of the affected person for

the employment;

Some

Employment

Assistance may

be provided

through Swarna

Jayanti Shahari

Rozgar Yojana

(SJSRY)

Training to

13 persons

for Dairy

Wherever necessary, the acquiring

body shall arrange for training of

the affected persons, so as to

enable such persons to take on

suitable jobs;

Training on dairy

development can

be provided with

the help of USEP

Scholarship The acquiring body shall offer

scholarships and other skill

development opportunities to the

eligible persons from the affected

families as per the criteria as may

be fixed by the appropriate

Government;


preference to the affected persons

or their groups or cooperatives in

the allotment of outsourced

contracts, shops or other economic

opportunities coming up in or

around the project site; and

Shops around the

Ghats may be

allotted to the

groups of APs in

the form of SHGs

Economic

Opportunitie

s in and

around the

project


preference to willing landless

labourers and unemployed

affected persons while engaging

labour in the project during the

construction phase.( NPR&R,

2007;Ref 7.13.1)

landless

labourers and

unemployed

affected persons

may benifitted

through SJRY

Programme


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Type of

Impact/Loss

Unit of

Entitlement


Amount to be

Paid

4 Other Benefits

i) Additional Assistance to

vulnerable persons

(Disabled, destitute,

orphans, widows,

unmarried girls,

abandoned women,

persons above fifty

years of age; who are not

provided or can not

immediately be provided

with alternative livelihood,

and who are not

otherwise covered as part

of a family (Ref 6.4 V)

Affected

Families

(196)

@Rs. 500/-

per month

per

Vulnerable

(widows (22)

unmarried

girls (151)

persons >

50 years of

Age(23))

The project authorities shall, at

their cost, arrange for annuity

policies that will pay a pension for

life to the vulnerable affected

persons of such amount as may be

prescribed by the appropriate

Government subject to a minimum

of five hundred rupees per month.

(NPR&R, 2007;Ref 7.17)

@Rs. 500/-

=Rs.98,300 per

months

(It can be

associated with

the Social

Assistance

Programmes

e.g.- Old Age and

Widow Pensions

Programmes as

well as Marriage

Assistance

Programmes of

Ministry of Social-

Women Welfare,

Govt. of India)

ii) Additional assistance

for Tribal families

Affected

Family

NA

iii)Who have not been

provided agricultural land;

or

employment

Affected

family

Shall be entitled to a rehabilitation

grant equivalent to seven hundred

fifty days minimum agricultural

wages (750 MAW) or such other

higher amount as may be


Government (NPR&R, 2007;Ref

7.14 )

NA

5 Exemptions from

stamp duty etc.

In case of a project involving land

acquisition on behalf of an

acquiring body, the stamp duty and

other fees payable for registration

of the land or house allotted to the

affected families shall be borne by

the acquiring body. (NPR&R,

NA


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Type of

Impact/Loss

Unit of

Entitlement


Amount to be

Paid

2007; Ref 7.6)

6 Trees and standing

crops

NA

Income Restoration Measures:

Income Restoration Measures as per the R&R Policy:

As per the R&R Policy of the project capacity-building efforts will be made for PAFs, which aim at skill

up gradation through various income generation training programmes and schemes. The R&R policy

has the provision of mitigating loss of income through cash compensation and capacity building for

self-employment.

Training Need Assessment:

One of the strategies for economic sustenance of the PAPs is to help them improve their production

level or to impart new skills/upgrade skills through training. The project will have to conduct training

need assessment (TNA) of PAFs. For PAPs who intend to diversify their economic activity, suitable

income restoration schemes will be identified on individual basis and training need would be

assessed. Besides training in scheme specific skills, general entrepreneurship development will also

form part of the training programme, mainly to improve the management capabilities of EP. The

Training will be organized in the plan period itself. The NGO contracted for the implementation of RAP

will be assigned this task. Besides, training programs organized by other government agencies will

also be availed. The past experiences have shown that roughly three-fourth of the PAPs require

training. It will be the responsibility of the project to ensure that PAPs receives, training in desired

trade. The NGO contracted will act as a facilitator and training will be imparted either by the

government agencies or a professional and competent outside agency.

Inter-Agency Linkages for Income Restoration and other R&R Support

For Income restoration it is important that available skills with the PAPs is identified and further

upgraded. During verification survey, NGO should specifically ask about the skill possessed other

than the one related to their current occupation. NGO contracted for implementation should also

conduct a survey among the PAPs with options of various skills related to the resource base of the

area and available market (with proper forward and backward linkages) and accordingly selected

trades for training. Based on the training, NGO will identify income-generating activities for

sustainable economic opportunities. NGOs in consultation with the PAPs, project staff, district

administration and other stakeholders in institutional financing and marketing federations will prepare

micro-plans for IR activities.


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In case of creation of alternative livelihood schemes, felt needs of the target group population will be

prioritized through people’s participation. Further, these options will be tested for their viability against

availability of skills, resource base of the area and available appropriate technology. Suitable

alternative livelihood schemes will be chosen finally, where training on skill upgradation, capital

assistance, and assistance in the form of backward-forward linkages can be provided for making

these pursuits sustainable for the beneficiaries or the target groups.

A comprehensive support system to the PAPs will ensure income security. The project will work as a

facilitator to the people in the enterprise (but will not act as providers for each and every livelihood

opportunity). The PAPs are required to participate in developing feasible long- term income

generating schemes. The long- term options are expected to be developed during the implementation

of the RAP and also supported by the government assistance.

Short Term IR activities

Short term IR activities mean restoring PAPs’ income during periods immediately before and after

relocation. Such activities will focus on the following:

• Ensuring that adequate compensation is paid before relocation

• Providing short term, welfare based grants and allowances such as:

• Free or subsidized items

• Transitional allowances or grants until adequate income is generated, special allowances

for vulnerable groups

• With consideration of PAPs skills and needs, promoting PAP access to project related

employment opportunities such as:

• Work on relocation teams (e.g., driver, food provision, etc.)

Long term IR schemes

The long term IR schemes are listed below:

Petty Traders

Under this scheme, the available options are grocery shop, vegetable & fruit shop, stationary, cloth,

tea & snacks, ready-made garments, beetle shop etc. PAPs those who are already in the trade and

business are suitable for these activities. Implementing NGO will have to decide on type of shops to

be established as per demand.

Skill related Schemes

The options available under this scheme are tailoring, carpentry, masonry, mobile repair, computer

operator, beautician, motor winding, cycle/motor cycle/auto repair, driving (auto/Matador/etc.),

Television/Tape records/Watch repairing, Pottery, Leather works, etc. PAPs those who are in such

trades can undergo training for skill upgradation to supplement their annual income. Industrial


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Training Institutes imparts training in such trades. Training can also be imparted through professional

and competent outside agency especially hired for the purpose.The implementation of above-

mentioned activities requires organisation of credit camps. Extending financial credit support is an

important component of IR schemes. It requires organisation of credit camps for EPs. Local

government officials, NGOs and PAP representatives apart from project officials, will attend these

camps. The purpose of the camps would be to allow local financial institutions to inform participants of

credit options and how to avoid procedural delays. All formalities related to processing of applications

for credit assistance will be completed at these camps. For these kinds of camps project staff along

with NGO, will have to coordinate closely with the Lead Bank managers and other commercial banks

operating in the district.

Monitoring of IR Schemes

The monitoring of IR schemes will be carried out along with the monitoring of other components of

RAP by an outside agency contracted for the purpose. The contract will specifically provide for regular

(every six months) monitoring of income restoration of PAPs. The monitoring will be carried out based

on economic indicators. Vulnerable PAPs who lose their livelihood due to the project will be assisted

in alternative economic rehabilitation schemes and vocational training for skill upgradation as per the

requirement of suggested economic scheme.

Provisions for Vulnerable Groups

Distribution of project affected households is mentioned in Table2. There are 122 vulnerable

households as per the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) out of 142 that may be impacted due to

this project. Vulnerability of project affected households has been identified based on social and

economic criteria. As per vulnerability criteria 122 HHs are socially vulnerable. Socially vulnerable

households are woman headed households, Schedule Castes.

Table : Vulnerability Status of PAFs

S. No. Vulnerability Number Percentage

1 WHH 28 23

3 SC 73 60

BPL 21 17

Total 122 100

Source: Primary survey, 2012


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Impact Mitigation Strategy/Plan

Income restoration

Measures for income restoration are one of the most crucial and vital components of resettlement

planning and implementation. They are integrated with the development project involving involuntary

resettlements. The World Bank policy states that the loss of the livelihoods in the projects with

involuntary resettlement can severely affect people especially those from the vulnerable groups and

other disadvantaged section of the society leading to impoverishment.

Women Involvement in Development Process

Participation of women has been envisaged specifically in the following areas:

In the pre-planning and planning stages, participation from women in the consultation

process is a must. The NGOs will make sure that at least 33%* of project affected women

are adequately consulted in all stages of the project cycle.

Field team of the NGO shall include at least-one women investigator/facilitator.

Compensation for land and assets lost being same for all the affected or displaced

families, women headed households shall be provided adequate attention and counseling

by the NGO during RAP implementation.

*This proposal is as for recommendations of the women reservation bill.

It is imperative that the NGRBA ensures that the women are consulted and invited to

participate in group-based activities, to gain access and control over the resource as a part

of the RAP

The NGOs should make sure that women are actually taking part in LA&R&R processes

such as issuance of identity cards, opening accounts in the bank, receiving compensation

amounts through cheque in their name or not, etc. This will further widen the perspective of

participation by the women in the project implementation.

Under the entitlement framework there are a number of provisions kept for compensation

and assistances towards the losses incurred upon the impacted women headed

households by the project.

The assistances to be provided to women as a vulnerable group should create alternative

livelihood for them to ensure their sustainable socio-economic upliftment.

The implementing agencies should provide trainings for upgrading the skill in the

alternative livelihoods and assist throughout till the beneficiaries start up with production

and business.


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Women's participation should be initiated through Self-Help Group formation in each of the

wards affected by the project. These groups should then be linked to special development

schemes of the Government, like SGSY.

Women's participation should be ensured for monitoring and evaluation activities.

Monitoring of project inputs concerning benefit to women should invite their participation

that will make the process more transparent to them. Women should be encouraged to

evaluate the project outputs from their point of view and their useful suggestions should be

noted for taking necessary actions for further modifications in the project creating better

and congenial situation for increasing participation from women.

Involvement of Women in Construction Activities

The labour force required for the construction activities will be mostly of high-skill nature since a lot

of machine work will be involved in the construction of the project. But there will be

requirement of unskilled labour where women may likely to involve in such work. Women as

family members of the skilled and semi-skilled labourers will also stay in the construction

camps and will be indirectly involved during the construction phase. The families of labourer will

include their children also. The construction contractors are expected to bring along their labour force.

Thus, in most cases the labourers, both male and female, will be migratory labourers. But, the

involvement of local labour force, especially for unskilled activities cannot be fully ruled out. There will

be involvement of local women also in the local labour force. Foreseeing the involvement of women

both directly and indirectly in the construction activities, certain measures are required to be

token towards welfare and well-being of women and children in-particular during the

construction phase.

Measures for Income Restoration and up-liftment of Vulnerable People

The entitlement matrix has evolved a number of measures towards resettlement and rehabilitation of

vulnerable families including women headed households, SC/ST below poverty line and the poor

getting affected by its projects. The considerations therein have been compiled as follows:

All the affected families falling under the vulnerable category including the poor will be assisted to

uplift their economic status irrespective of their ownership status. Whether they possess or do not

possess legal title to the lands/assets, whether they are tenants or encroachers or squatters, they will

be assisted in restoring their livelihoods as per the entitlement matrix.

The Environment and Social Management Unit proposed as part of the project are required to

maintain the social support network for women headed households as far as possible so that they


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remain closer to their locations and /or provide special services at the new sites. Special assistance

would consist of the following:

Allowing the PAPs for site selection

Relocating them near the present site wherever possible

Providing assistance with dismantling salvageable materials from their original home

Providing them priority for access to all other mitigation and development assistance

Monitoring their nutritional and health status

The entitlement matrix for the vulnerable people are given below:

Additional Assistance to

vulnerable persons

(Disabled, destitute,

orphans, widows,

unmarried girls,

abandoned women,

persons above fifty

years of age; who are not

provided or can not

immediately be provided

with alternative livelihood,

and who are not

otherwise covered as part

of a family (Ref 6.4 V)

Affected

Families

(196)

@Rs. 500/-

per month

per

Vulnerable

(widows (22)

unmarried

girls (151)

persons >

50 years of

Age(23))

The project authorities shall, at

their cost, arrange for annuity

policies that will pay a pension for

life to the vulnerable affected

persons of such amount as may be


Government subject to a minimum

of five hundred rupees per month.

(NPR&R, 2007;Ref 7.17)

@Rs. 500/-

=Rs.98,300 per

months

(It can be

associated with

the Social

Assistance

Programmes

e.g.- Old Age and

Widow Pensions

Programmes as

well as Marriage

Assistance

Programmes of

Ministry of Social-

Women Welfare,

Govt. of India)

Additional assistance for

Tribal families

Affected

Family

NA

Who have not been

provided agricultural land;

or

employment

Affected

family

Shall be entitled to a rehabilitation

grant equivalent to seven hundred

fifty days minimum agricultural

wages (750 MAW) or such other

higher amount as may be


Government (NPR&R, 2007;Ref

7.14 )

NA


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Annexure 1.5 (Drawings for Safety Measures)


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General Access route to Ghat sections

Evacuation route from each Ghat

sections


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General Access route to Ghat sections

Evacuation route from each Ghat

sections


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Annexure 1.6 (Reply to the Observations of NMCG and World Bank)


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Observations of NMCG and Clarifications (Relevant to Draft ESIA)

Sl No. Particulars Clarifications

15 Question: Have acceptable Monitoring and

Evaluation (M&E) parameters been

developed? Describe. If NO,

describe timing and proposals for

developing these.

The monitoring and evaluation plan is

submitted in SIA Report.

The approximate number of visitors

expected in each ghat is around 400

and accordingly the proposed waste

water and solid waste generation has

been calculated and adequate

management measures are

proposed. These details are given in

section 6.3 of EIA report page

numbers 58 and 59 of EIA report.

The number of visitors to use various

assets will be monitored and there will

be a mechanism for crowd

management and this is given in

section 6.4 of the EIA report.

The river water quality will be

monitored both during the

construction and operation stage as

per the monitoring plan presented in

table 8.2.

Comment There is no mention of M&E. The

number of visitors on the Ghats and

number of users of different assets

(community toilets, kiosks, centers

etc) should be monitored. NGRBA

Cell of CPCB/SPCB to monitor the

Ganga quality upstream and

downstream of the city.

16 (a) Question

Have GOI Environmental

requirements been met?

If Yes, please provide screening

category assessment by NGRBA

with dates, documentation and

clearance decisions with dates.

The project does not require

environmental clearance as per the

EIA notification 2006.

The screening category assessment

has been placed in details in Chapter-

4, section 4.2 in Table 4.1.

Comment NO


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Urban Development & Housing Department, Bihar

Project :GangaRiver Front Development at Patna

Observations of World Bank andClarifications

Sl.No. Particulars Clarifications

vi. The proposed investment is not “low impact”

as mentioned in the environment and social

assessment. According to the NGRBA

Program Framework, the proposed

investment is “high impact” in terms of

potential of environmental and social impact,

due to : a) direct impacts on 140 households;

b) indirect impacts on people / structures

located in the project area ; c) direct / indirect

temporary / permanent impacts on cultural

properties located along the river ; d)

possible impacts on ‘ Gangetic Dolphins’ due

to permanent activities on the river front by

the project ; e) increased discharge of waste

water and solid waste due to the proposed

project , etc. According to NGRBA program

framework requirements, since the

environment and social impact assessment

is done by the sub-consultants of DPR

consultants, this needs to be peer reviewed

by an independent consultant, to satisfy the

safeguard policies of the NGRBA Program

and the World Bank. This should be

completed before the bidding process is

initiated.

In the draft ESIA and ESMP it is not

mentioned as a low impact project. It has

been categorized as Category B or

moderate impact as per the OP: 4.01 of

World Bank.

However as per the NGRBA framework

moderate impacts projects is being

considered under High Impact Category

(Refer page no. 92, section 4.4.1 of the

NGRBA framework). Accordingly the project

screening exercise has been done in section

4.2 in table 4.1 in the EIA report chapter-4.

The district administration has been

requested to freeze such issues. The

government of Bihar will be providing the

necessary facilities on the basis of the report

submitted by the district administration.

The management of waste water and solid

waste for Patna is under active

consideration of Government of Bihar and its

impact shall be minimized during the

implementation of the project itself. The

details of the mitigation measure from

sewerage and solid waste generation are

given in section 6.3 in page 58 and 59.

vii

The NGRBA Program Framework /

resettlement policy requires preparation of

the entitlement matrix for affected persons.

While the environment and social

assessment for the proposed investment has

The entitlement matrix is given in SIA report.


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followed the NGRBA Program’s direction on

most aspects of the social assessment and

resettlement actions plan, the entitlement

matrix for affected persons has not been

prepared. This may be prepared after the

NGRBA approval, but must be completed

and approved. This may be prepared after

the NGRBA approval, but must be completed

and approved prior to this start of the bidding

process for any component of the proposed

investment.

Clarification on comments regarding specific technical details for bid documents /execution.

Sl.No. Particulars Clarifications

ii)

The environment and social assessment for

the proposed investment is presented well,

but is weak on primary data. Most of the

data is on BiharState, but the report has no

information on the project area. Specially

the impact section focuses on construction

impacts and ignores the impacts on cultural

properties, dolphins, waste water

generation, solid waste generation, etc.

These needs to be clearly identified and

quantified. This will need to be completed

before the bidding stage so that the required

mitigation measures and their costs can be

included in the bid documents.

As part of the ESIA study both the secondary

and primary data has been collected. The

primary data on water quality, air quality, soil

quality, noise quality has been collected and

are presented in pages 46 to 51 of EIA report

including traffic survey.

In the impact section, special emphasis is

already given on cultural properties, dolphins,

waste water generation, solid waste

generation and are placed various sections of

the EIA report (section 6.3 pages 57 to 62) as

well as in the EMP (chapter-8). There will be

no impact on cultural properties as all the

temple and cultural properties along the ghat

will be saved. The details of the impact and

mitigation measures are given below:

Impact on Cultural Properties:

As part of the project no such cultural

properties will be disturbed neither are

required to be relocated.

Impact on Dolphin:


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The project area is not the usual route of

Dolphins as enquired from the local

fishermen in that area. Dolphins are visible in

the Gandhi ghat area in all the seasons.

During the lean season in the project area,

river Ganga is away from the ghats. Since the

construction works will usually be taken

during the lean season then chances of

impact on Dolphin in the designated ghat and

promenade construction would be very less

as these areas will be comparatively dry

zones as river ganga meander around a half

a kilometer away from the designated ghats.

Waste Water Generation:

In general in each ghat at present nearly 100

people visit. However, after the completion of

the project the expected population coming to

each ghat would be around 400-500 in each

ghat.

Hence the total sewage generation

considering 60% of visitor will use toilet at

least once the quantum of sewage

generation would be:

0.6*400*5=1200 Liter i.e. around 1.2 KLD for

each ghat. The total sewegae generation

would be around 1.2*45= 54 KLD. This

quantum of sewage would be connected with

the city sewer line through sewer pipes from

the toilets and will be treated in the sewage

treatment plant. The STP construction is

under the City Sanitation Scheme of Patna

and accordingly this quantum of sewage will

be considered in it.

2 toilets at each ghat one for ladies and one

for gents.


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Adalat ghat to Gandhi ghat 3 toilets within a

length of 1125 meters.

In precinct 3 there will be one toilet.

In precinct 4 there will be one toilet

Total number of toilet being provided is = 45

The waste water from the toilets will be

connected to the sewer line going behind the

building line adjacent to the Ghats and will be

taken to the central sewerage treatment

plant.

During the special events like Chaat, Govt.

PMC provides makeshift toilets like mobile

toilets to take care of the situation. The waste

water will be disposed by the PMC and will

be treated in the STPs.

Solid Waste Generation:The projected

population in each ghat after the completion

of the project is expected to be around 400.

The quantum of waste generation could be

around 200gm/capita. Hence the total waste

generation would be around =

400*20*200/1000=1600 kg

To take care of these waste 4 dustbins will be

provided in each ghat and each dustbin will

have capacity of 20 kg.

In additional along the promenades for a total

length of 5000m a total of 254 number of litter

bins (i.e. 1 liter bin per 20 m length) shall be

provided with capacity of 1 kg each.

The generated waste will be collected

everyday by the maintenance staff and the

collected waste will be disposed to the

secondary collection points to the nearby


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areas provided by PMC.

iii) The mitigation plan should include

specific/separate measures for a) protection

of cultural properties; b) protection of

Gangetic Dolphins (please note that

establishing a Dolphin Research Center

cannot be considered a mitigation

measure); c) treatment and disposal

facilities for Waste water and Solid waste.

Apart from Dolphin research centre a Dolphin

Conservation Committee has been proposed

which comprises of fishermen and local

university persons and they will communicate

with the implementation team of BUIDCo.

The details are given in section6.3 (Pages 61

to 63).

The treatment and disposal facilities to be

used in the project is already discussed in the

previous point no (ii).

iv) A risk management plan needs to be

developed prior to the start of the bidding

process, to manage risks arising out of

religious congregations, floods and other

natural calamities.

Details of risk management plan is given in

Section 6.4, page number 64. The related

plans of Risk Management and Safety

Measures are given in Annexure 1.4.

v)

The consultants have carried out only

‘Focus Group Discussions’ as part of the

environment social impact assessment.

Formal public consultations need to be

carried out prior to the start of the bidding

process.

Will be followed.

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