the environmental impact assessment (eia)
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7/21/2019 The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
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FK^B\@KOFK]GH BOQGD] GTTFTTOFK]
@N
]JF J@VOG —RVOFKI@V FZQ\FTTUGR
Q\@CFD] BK TJGKZB.(Q\D)
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Bktr`mudtb`k `n tjf Qr`cfdt
]jf FBG ̀ n tjf pr`p`sfm Fxprfsswgy Qr`cfdt wgs
dgrrbfm `ut ly tjf \fsfgrdj Bkstbtutf `n Jbejwgys
`n tjf Obkbstry `n D`ooukbdgtb`ks (O@D).
]jf FBG rfp`rt wgs d`ophftfm bk Nflrugry <117gkm rfvbfwfm bk Gprbh <117 gt g spfdbgh offtbke bk
Lfbcbke jfhm ly tjf Fkvbr`kofktgh Qr`tfdtb`k
@nnbdf `n O@D gkm Ttgtf Fkvbr`kofktgh
Qr`tfdtb`k Gmobkbstrgtb`k(TFQG). ]jf nbkgh FBG rfp`rt wgs gppr`vfm ly TFQG bk
Ogrdj <11<
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Mfsdrbptb`k `n tjf Qr`cfdt
]jf pr`cfdt fxprfsswgy wbhh sfrvf gs g oudjkffmfm trgksp`rt grtfry t` n`stfr tjf fd`k`obdmfvfh`pofkt `n tjf rfhgtbvf hfss mfvfh`pfm
Tjgkxb Qr`vbkdf (Ogps 7, <, gkm 4). ]jf pr`p`sfm >6.1 ibh`oftfr (io) mugh n`ur-
hgkf gddfss-d`ktr`hhfm fxprfsswgy, stgrtbkenr`o J`uog Dbty wbhh d`vfr tjrff d`uktbfs
(Zbkcbgke, Cbsjgk, gkm Jfcbk), rukkbke gdr`sstjf Rfhh`w \bvfr gkm hbkibke t` tjf TjggkxbFxprfsswgy bk Tjggkxb Qr`vbkdf.
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7/21/2019 The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
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Mfsdrbptb`k `n tjf Qr`cfdt
]jf Qr`cfdt wbhh bkdhumf tjf d`kstrudtb`k `n 4supfr hgref lrbmefs (tjf Rfhh`w \bvfr Lrbmefgkm < mry lrbmefs) 2 hgref lrbmefs, 4 ofmbuo
`r soghh lrbmefs, = bktfrdjgkefs, 744 duhvfrts,gkm 22 `vfrpgssfs gkm ukmfrpgssfs.
]jfrf wbhh lf sbx t`hh stgtb`ks gkm `kf sfrvbdfgrfg sfrvbke tjf r`gm.
]jf =-yfgr pr`cfdt d`kstrudtb`k pfrb`m bssdjfmuhfm t` lfebk bk fgrhy <114, wbtj tjffxprfsswgy e`bke bkt` nuhh `pfrgtb`k bk <115
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Mfsdrbptb`k `n tjf Qr`cfdt
]rgnnbd v`huof `k tjf fxprfsswgy bs fstbogtfmgt <1,27: vfjbdhfs/mgy bk <115 gkm 64,165vfjbdhfs/mgy bk <1<>, wbtj g mfsbek vfjbdhf
spffm `n 7<1 io/j`ur (jr). ]jf Qr`cfdt ghs` bkdhumfs bopr`vfofkt `n 51.5
io `n h`dgh r`gms.
]jf Tjgkxb J`u-yu Fxprfsswgy D`kstrudtb`k
D`opgky Htm. (TJFD) wgs fstglhbsjfm bk@dt`lfr <117 ly tjf Tjgkxb D`ooukbdgtb`ksMfpgrtofkt (TDM) n`r tjf Qr`cfdt.
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Mfsdrbptb`k `n tjf Qr`cfdt
TDM wbhh lf tjf fxfdutbke gefkdy n`r tjf
`vfrghh Qr`cfdt bkdhumbke tjf h`dgh r`gm
d`op`kfkt.
TJFD wbhh lf tjf pr`cfdt bophfofktgtb`kgefkdy rfsp`ksblhf n`r d`kstrudtb`k,
ogbktfkgkdf, gkm `pfrgtb`k `n tjf pr`p`sfm
fxprfsswgy gkm tjf Rfhh`w \bvfr Lrbmef.
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Mfsdrbptb`k `n tjf Fkvbr`kofkt
Ef`h`ey, ]`p`ergpjy, gkm T`bhs
]jf pr`cfdt grfg bs sbtugtfm bk tjf s`utjwfst `n TjgkxbQr`vbkdf.
]jf tfrrgbk nfgturfs ogbkhy jbhhy hgkm (tjf fgst gkm tjf wfstpgrts) gkm lgsbk (dfktrgh pgrt), wbtj tjf fhfvgtb`k mfdrfgsbkenr`o tjf k`rtjfgst gt <,4=> oftfrs (o) t`wgrms tjfs`utjwfst gt =11 o bk tjf Rfhh`w \bvfr nh``m hgkm.
]jf ogbk typfs `n s`bh gh`ke tjf pr`p`sfm ghbekofkt bkdhumf
dbkkgo`k s`bh gkm hboy dbkkgo`k s`bh, wbtj s`of mfo`bsturfs`bh gkm sghbkbzfm s`bh bk tjf Zbkcbgke sfdtb`k gkm s`of
gf`hbgk sgkmy s`bh gkm dghdgrf`us f`hbgk s`bh `k tjf Rfhh`w\bvfr nh``m hgkm.
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Mfsdrbptb`k `n tjf Fkvbr`kofkt
Dhbogtf
]jf pr`cfdt grfg nfgturfs g sfobgrbm d`ktbkfktgh o`ks``kdhbogtf.
]jf gkkugh ofgk tfopfrgturf bs 7<.< —74.> mferffs Dfhsbus (`D),wbtj g ofgk tfopfrgturf `n <>.= `D bk Cuhy, gkm kfegtbvf =.1 `Dbk Cgkugry.
]jf gvfrgef gkkugh prfdbpbtgtb`k bs gppr`xbogtfhy 6=4 —621obhhboftfrs.
O`st `n tjf rgbknghh d`kdfktrgtfs nr`o Cukf tjr`uej Tfptfolfr,gdd`uktbke n`r o`rf tjgk 61% `n tjf t`tgh, wbtj nrfqufkt
tjukmfrst`ros. ]jbs d`ktrblutfs jfgvbhy t` tjf s`bh fr`sb`k pr`lhfo `n tjf grfg.
]jf wbkm spffm bs rfhgtbvfhy jbej, gvfrgebke gkkughhy 7.2 —4.>o/sfd`km, wbtj vgrbfm prfvgbhbke wbkm mbrfdtb`k bk mbnnfrfkth`dgtb`ks.
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Mfsdrbptb`k `n tjf Fkvbr`kofkt
Fd`systfo
]jf pr`cfdt grfg bs djgrgdtfrbzfm ogbkhy ly ngrohgkmgkm `rdjgrms, wbtj s`of trff ngros `k tjf Rfhh`w\bvfr nh``m hgkm.
Gkboghs bkdhumf o`sthy m`ofstbd hbvfst`di. K` rgrf, fkmgkefrfm, `r tjrfgtfkfm spfdbfs wfrf
bmfktbnbfm wbtjbk tjf pr`cfdt grfg.
J`wfvfr, tjf pr`p`sfm Rfhh`w \bvfr Lrbmef (=.> io)`n tjf fxprfsswgy wbhh dut tjr`uej tjf Rukdjfke
Ufthgkms Kgturf \fsfrvf (RUK\) gt Jfcbk, wjbdj bs<.6 io nr`o tjf l`rmfr `n g wbktfrbke er`ukm n`r ergydrgkfs”g obergt`ry lbrm `n kgtb`kgh hfvfh Dhgss BBQrb`rbty pr`tfdtfm wbhmhbnf.
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T`bh Fr`sb`k
]jf pr`cfdt d`rrbm`r bs s`ofwjgt sfksbtbvf t`
s`bh fr`sb`k wbtj o`sthy g o`mfrgtf mferff `n
s`bh fr`sb`k h`ss (gvfrgef fr`sb`k o`muhus `n<,611 —6,111 t`ks pfr squgrf ibh`oftfr pfr
yfgr (t/io</yr).
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T`bh Fr`sb`k Mgtg
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Ugtfr Wughbty
]jf `khy rbvfr dr`ssfm ly tjf pr`p`sfm ghbekofkt bs tjf Rfhh`w\bvfr.
]jf wgtfr qughbty `n tjf Rfhh`w \bvfr wgs djfdifm `k <7 —<<Cukf 7222 gt nbvf o`kbt`rbke p`bkts gegbkst tjf gpphbdglhfFkvbr`kofktgh Wughbty Ttgkmgrms n`r Turngdf Ugtfrs ,lgsfm
`k tjf d`ktfkts `n suspfkmfm s`hbms, djfobdgh `xyefkmfogkm, `bh gkm erfgsf, gkm hfgm gs wfhh gs pJ vghuf.
]jf rfsuhts sj`wfm tjgt ghh tjf wgtfr qughbty pgrgoftfrs wfrfbk d`ophbgkdf wbtj tjf stgkmgrms fxdfpt n`r suspfkmfm s`hbmsmuf t` tjf jbej sgkm d`ktfkt `n tjf rbvfr.
]jf s`urdf `n mrbkibke wgtfr n`r tjf pr`cfdt grfg bser`ukmwgtfr.
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Gbr Wughbty
Gbr qughbty (kbtr`efk ̀ xbmfs YK@x_, dgrl`k o`k`xbmf YD@_, gkm t`tghsuspfkmfm pgrtbduhgtf ogttfr Y]TQ_ d`kdfktrgtb`ks) wgs djfdifm gttjrff rfprfsfktgtbvf h`dgtb`ks gh`ke tjf pr`p`sfm ghbekofkt gegbksttjf gpphbdglhf Golbfkt Gbr Wughbty Ttgkmgrms (n`r rfsbmfktbgh gkmd`oofrdbgh grfgs).
@khy K@x (gvfrgef mgbhy d`kdfktrgtb`k 1.112 — 1.14> obhhbergo pfrk`rogh dulbd oftfr Yoe/Ko4_) wgs bk d`ophbgkdf wbtj tjf ghh`wglhfhbobt `n 1.7< oe/Ko4.
]jf D@ d`ktfkts gt tw` `n tjf sfhfdtfm h`dgtb`ks (gvfrgef mgbhyd`kdfktrgtb`k <.7= —6.:= oe/Ko4) o`st `n tjf tbof fxdffmfm tjfghh`wglhf hbobt `n =.11 oe/Ko4, ogbkhy muf t` tjf gbr fobssb`ks nr`od`ibke phgkts, djfobdgh phgkts, gkm `tjfr soghh bkmustrbgh fktfrprbsfs
sdgttfrfm gh`ke tjf r`gm. ]jf gvfrgef mgbhy d`kdfktrgtb`k `n ]TQ rgkefm nr`o 1.=6 t` 1.:6
oe/Ko4, lfbke wfhh gl`vf tjf ogxbouo ghh`wglhf hbobt `n 1.41oe/Ko4.
]jbs wgs gttrblutfm t` bkmustrbgh fobssb`ks gkm tjf usf `n d`gh gs gkfkfrey s`urdf bk tjf grfg.
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K`bsf
]jfrf wfrf 76 sfksbtbvf p`bkts (7= vbhhgefs gkm 7sdj``h) gh`ke tjf pr`p`sfm ghbekofkt.
K`bsf ofgsurfofkts wfrf pfrn`rofm gt 71rfprfsfktgtbvf h`dgtb`ks `k <7 —<: Cukf 7222.
]jf k`bsf hfvfhs, l`tj bk mgytbof gkm gt kbejt, wfrfwfhh wbtjbk tjf hbobts `n tjf gpphbdglhf K`bsf Ttgkmgrmsn`r Vrlgk Grfgs wbtj `khy `kf fxdfptb`k3 tjf k`bsfhfvfh gt
Tjubxbzjugke vbhhgef wgs g hbtthf jbejfr tjgk tjf
stgkmgrm hbobt ly <.4 —=.6 mfdblfhs (mL). @k tjf wj`hf, tjf gd`ustbd fkvbr`kofkt bs d`ksbmfrfm
e``m n`r tjf sfksbtbvf p`bkts bk tjf pr`cfdt grfg.
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Jbst`rbd gkm Duhturgh \fs`urdfs
Tjgkxb Qr`vbkdf bs wfhh ik`wk n`r bts glukmgkt
jbst`rbd gkm duhturgh rfs`urdfs.
]jf pr`p`sfm ghbekofkt, j`wfvfr, w`uhm k`t
e` tjr`uej gky jbst`rbd sbtfs.
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T`dbgh gkm Fd`k`obd
Fkvbr`kofkt
Tjgkxb bs `kf `n tjf p``rfr bktfrb`r pr`vbkdfs bk tjf d`uktrywbtj g er`ss m`ofstbd pr`mudt `n R7>=.= lbhhb`k bk <111.
Tjgkxb jgs g p`puhgtb`k `n 4<.=: obhhb`k, `n wjbdj <4.5<obhhb`k (54%) grf rurgh.
Go`ke Tjgkxb‒s :6 d`uktbfs 46 (=7.<%) grf dhgssbnbfm gs
p`vfrty d`uktbfs, bk wjbdj g ogc`rbty `r sulstgktbgh pgrt `ntjfbr p`puhgtb`k fxbst lfh`w tjf durrfkt Q\D kgtb`kgh p`vfrtyhfvfh pfr dgpbtg gkkugh bkd`of `n R7,111.
Gdd`rmbke t` <111 mgtg, tjf pr`cfdt bknhufkdf grfg, bkdhumbketjf tjrff d`uktbfs `n Jfcbk, Cbsjgk, gkm Zbkcbgke, jgs g t`tgh
p`puhgtb`k `n gppr`xbogtfhy 7,111,111, wbtj 44,2>6 bmfktbnbfmgs p``r (4.=%), hbvbke bk 7 t`wksjbp, 46 vbhhgefs, gkm 5,:75j`usfj`hms.
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‘GK]BDBQG]FM BOQGD]T
GKMOB]BEG]B@K OFGTV\FT‟
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Hgkm Vsf gkm \fsftthfofkt3
Hgkm Gdqubsbtb`k3 Hgkm grfg t` lf gdqubrfm ?=71.5 jfdtgrfs (jg), Bkdhumbke
Brrbegtfm hgkm (:4.2%).
Mry ngrohgkm (<.7%).
@rdjgrms (:.>%). ^feftglhf ph`ts (1.6%).
Vkduhtbvgtfm hgkm (=.2%).
H`ss bk gerbduhturgh pr`mudts ?R4.<6 obhhb`k pfr yfgr.
2.44 jg `n hgkm bs kffmfm murbke tjf d`kstrudtb`k pfrb`m
n`r tfop`rgry usf. Gl`ut 4,2:4 sq. oftfrs `n lubhmbkes wbhh lf mfo`hbsjfm,
=5: wbrf p`hfs rfo`vfm gkm `kf soghh ngdt`ry wgs o`vfm.
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D`ktbkufm………..
\fsftthfofkt Gdtb`k Qhgk3
N`r tjf 4,=<4 pf`phf, g rfsftthfofkt gdtb`k phgk (\GQ) wgs
prfpgrfm t` bksurf gttgbkofkt `n fqugh `r lfttfr hbvfhbj``m gkm
hbvbke stgkmgrms. Gnnfdtfm wbhh rfdfbvf
Hgkms `n sbobhgr qughbty wbtjbk tjf sgof vbhhgef.
Gssbstgkdf n`r rfsuobke pr`mudtb`k.
N`r tjf nfw wj` m` k`t
Tibhh trgbkbke `pp`rtukbtbfs wbhh lf `nnfrfm.
Qfrobssb`k t` o`vf t` urlgk grfgs wjfrf sudj sibhhs dgk lf
utbhbzfm.
\fsftthfofkt d`sts n`r tjf \GQ grf fstbogtfm gt R<6:.<1
obhhb`k.
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D`ktbkufm………..
]jf pr`p`sfm Qr`cfdt wbhh mbsrupt
T`of fxbstbke brrbegtb`k systfos.
Fxbstbke nh``m-rfhbfn djgkkfhs.
Kgturgh mrgbkgef `n tjf grfg.
Mfsbek jgs bkdhumfm 744 duhvfrts n`r surngdf ruk`nn
gkm hbkibke up tjf sphbt brrbegtb`k systfos.
Bt wbhh ghs` dgusf lh`dibke fnnfdt n`r h`dgh rfsbmfkts
hbvbke `k l`tj sbmfs `n tjf r`gm.
]̀ s`hvf tjbs pr`lhfo n`hh`wbke ngdbhbtbfs wbhh lf pr`vbmfm.
N`ur bktfrdjgkefs hbkibke t` d`ukty gkm rurgh r`gms.
22 ukmfrpgssfs `r `vfrpgssfs.
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]jf Rukdjfke Ufthgkms Kgturf \fsfrvf3
Bkn`rogtb`k `k tjf Kgturf \fsfrvf3 RUK\ wgs `nnbdbghhy fstglhbsjfm bk Gprbh <117.
Gk fxpgksb`k `n tjf Rukdjfke Twgk Ubktfrbke Er`ukm Kgturf\fsfrvf gkm tjf Jfcbk Ergy Drgkf Ubktfrbke Er`ukm Kgturf
\fsfrvf. H`dgtfm gh`ke tjf Rfhh`w \bvfr wbtj
]`tgh hfketj `n 44>io.
]`tgh grfg `n 52,:41 jg.
]jf RUK\ jgs g rbdj mbvfrsbty `n l`tj nh`rg gkm ngukg bkdhumbke
767 wbhmhbnf spfdbfs. >=7 spfdbfs `n wfthgkm phgkts.
Fvfry yfgr murbke wbktfr obergtb`k gl`ut 7,611 —<,111 ergydrgkfs nhy t` Jfcbk.
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D`ktbkufm………..
Qr`cfdt Bopgdts `k RUK\3 Murbke r`gm d`kstrudtb`k
Lbrms hbif tjf ergy drgkfs wbhh o`vf gl`ut 611o gwgy nr`o tjfbrjglbtgts.
^feftgtb`k wbhh lf mfstr`yfm gkm tjf h`dgh fd`systfo djgkefm. Ogy mbobkbsj tjf jglbtgts n`r s`of `n tjf gkbogh spfdbfs muf t` hgdi
`n pr`pfr r``stbke phgdfs.
Murbke `pfrgtb`k
]rgnnbd k`bsf, trgnnbd hbejts gt kbejt, gkm vfjbdhf fobssb`ks ogydgusf s`of gmvfrsf bopgdts `k tjf wbhmhbnf.
Gl`ut > —71% `n tjf t`tgh ergy drgkfs stgybke bk Jfcbk wbhh lffnnfdtfm fvfry wbktfr.
6 —71% `n t`tgh wbhmhbnf wbhh lf fnnfdtfm.
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D`ktbkufm………..
Qr`tfdtbvf Ofgsurfs3
Qulhbd gwgrfkfss t` pr`tfdt tjf RUK\ wbhh lf bkdrfgsfm.
D`kstrudtb`k gdtbvbtbfs wbhh lf gppr`prbgtfhy sdjfmuhfm.
D`kstrudtb`k gdtbvbtbfs wbhh lf rfmudfm bk wbktfr.
Lhgstbke `pfrgtb`k wbhh lf gv`bmfm wjfrf p`ssblhf. L`rr`w sbtfs, mbsp`sgh sbtfs, st`rgef grfgs, `r `tjfr usf grfgs wbtjbk tjf
kgturf rfsfrvf wbhh lf pr`jblbtfm.
]fop`rgry nfkdbke `r lgrrbfrs wbhh pr`tfdt sfksbtbvf phgkt gkm gkboghs.
Fqubpofkt gkm d`kstrudtb`k ogtfrbghs wbhh lf st`rfm gwgy nr`o wfthgkms
gkm rbpgrbgk grfgs.
Fstglhbsj n`ur fd`systfo o`kbt`rbke p`bkts bk tjf RUK\ murbke
d`kstrudtb`k.
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Jbst`rbd gkm Duhturgh \fs`urdfs
K` bssufs.
]jf pr`p`sfm ghbekofkt wbhh k`t pgss tjr`uej gky
jbst`rbd sbtfs.
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T`bh Fr`sb`k3
\`gm d`kstrudtb`k wbhh bktfksbny s`bh fr`sb`k muf t` ^feftgtb`k rfo`vgh.
T`bh mbsturlgkdf.
Fxp`surf `n lgrf s`bh surngdf.
]jf o`st sfvfrf pr`lhfos wbhh lf gss`dbgtfm wbtj
Folgkiofkt d`kstrudtb`k bk tjf phgbk grfg. \`gm sfdtb`ks wbtj jfgvy duts gkm nbhhs.
L`rr`w gkm sp`bh sbtfs.
Lrbmef gkm duhvfrt d`kstrudtb`k sbtfs.
H`ss `n 71,::2 t`ks s`bh pfr yfgr.
]jf fkebkffrbke mfsbek sj`ws =6 io `n r`gm sfdtb`ks wbtj nbhh `pfrgtb`k.
7<.5 io wbtj dut `pfrgtb`k.
]jf go`ukt `n fgrtj nbhh wbhh fxdffm dut ly <,2=5 du.o
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D`ktbkufm………..
Qfrogkfkt Fr`sb`k D`ktr`h Ofgsurfs3
Qfrogkfkt d`ktr`h ofgsurfs grf
2<,551 sq.o `n sbmf mbtdjfs.
26,7<2 sq.o `n r`di hbkbke gkm sh`pf wghhs.
2,>:1 sq.o `n djutfs gh`ke.
]rff phgktbke `k l`tj sbmfs gkm dfktfr mbvbmfrs.
Gs rfsuht
Lfgutbny tjf r`gm.
Qr`tfdt bt nr`o s`bh fr`sb`k.
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D`ktbkufm………..
]fop`rgry Fr`sb`k D`ktr`h Ofgsurfs3
]fop`rgry d`ktr`h ofgsurfs murbke tjf d`kstrudtb`k
grf
Tbht lgsbks t` bktfrdfpt wgtfr ruk`nn gkm ghh`w s`hbm ogttfr t`
sftthf. Gntfr d`ophftb`k `n d`kstrudtb`k tjfsf lgsbks wbhh lf
ergmfm gkm rfvfeftgtfm.
Hfketj gkm stffpkfss `n dut gkm nbhh sh`pfs wbhh lf obkbobzfm
l`rr`w sbtfs.
]̀ ps`bh `n duhtbvgtfm hgkm usfm n`r tfop`rgry w`ri grfgs
pgrtbduhgrhy `n l`rr`w sbtfs wbhh lf strbppfm `nn gkm st`dipbhfm.
]fop`rgry er`ukmd`vfr wbhh lf usfm `k mbsturlfm gkm
fxp`sfm grfgs t` d`ktr`h fr`sb`k
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D`ktbkufm…………..
D`ktr`h Ofgsurfs3
]̀ rfmudf tjf gbr p`hhutb`k bk tjf sfdtb`ks tjgt grf
h`dgtfm kfgr rfsbmfktbgh grfgs, trffs wbhh lfphgktfm lftwffk tjf vbhhgefs gkm tjf ghbekofkt.
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Ugtfr Wughbty3
Ogc`r Q`hhutb`k T`urdfs3
Bkdrfgsfm s`bh fr`sb`k murbke d`kstrudtb`k.
Ugstfwgtfr p`hhutb`k ly hgref d`kstrudtb`k sbtfs. D`kstrudtb`k `n lrbmef n`ukmgtb`ks wbtj l`rfm pbhfs.
Turngdf ruk`nn gkm sfrvbdf grfg wgstfwgtfr.
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D`ktbkufm………..
Bopgdts Muf t` D`kstrudtb`k Tbtfs3
Jgzgrm`us ogtfrbghs (nufh, `bh, gdbms, dgustbds, ftd.)
dgusbke p`hhutb`k t` surngdf wgtfr `r er`ukmwgtfr.
Bk dgsf `n Rfhh`w \bvfr Lrbmef d`kstrudtb`k Gl`ut <,411 w`rifrs wbhh lf kffmfm `k sbtf fvfry mgy.
712 t`ks/mgy `n sgkbtgry wgstfwgtfr.
<.41 —<.=6 t`ks/mgy `n egrlgef.
Bk tjf =-yfgr d`kstrudtb`k pfrb`m
]`tgh `n 7>1,111 t`ks `n wgstfwgtfr.
4,46: —6,145 t`ks `n egrlgef wbhh lf efkfrgtfm.
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D`ktbkufm………..
Bopgdts Muf t` D`kstrudtb`k `n Lrbmef
N`ukmgtb`ks3
]jf Qr`cfdt wbhh bkv`hvf
D`kstrudtb`k `n 7< hgref gkm supfr hgref lrbmefs. Lubht wbtj j`hh`w pbfrs gkm mffp n`ukmgtb`ks wbtj l`rfm
pbhfs.
Qbhf mrbhhbke `pfrgtb`k wbhh efkfrgtf erfgt go`ukt `n sp`bh.
Bk dgsf `n supfr hgref Rfhh`w \bvfr Lrbmef 5: pbfrs t` lf bkstghhfm.
]`tgh `n 775,211 —746,111 dulbd oftfrs `n wgstf.
Gb W hbt
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Gbr Wughbty3
Gbr Wughbty Bopgdts3
]jf pr`cfdt grfg bs g k`k-gttgbkofkt grfg n`r ]TQ gkm
D@. D`kstrudtb`k gdtbvbtbfs gkm tjf usf `n dfofkt, gspjght,
gkm `tjfr lubhmbke ogtfrbghs pr`mudf fxdfssbvf must
gkm t`xbd gspjght nuofs.
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Gbr Wughbty Ofgsurfs3 ]̀ obkbobzf tjf must bopgdt, d`kstrudtb`k nbfhms
gkm ogc`r gddfss r`gms gkm jguh r`gms wbhh lf
wgtfrfm `k g sft sdjfmuhf.D`kstrudtb`k ogtfrbghs st`rgef gkm d`kdrftf
obxbke phgkts wbhh lf sbtfm o`rf tjgk 711 o gwgy,gkm gspjght obxbke phgkts 411 o gwgy nr`orfsbmfkdfs gkm sdj``hs.
Must-efkfrgtfm ogtfrbghs wbhh lf st`rfm gkmjguhfm bk lges `r d`ktgbkfrs.
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K`bsf3
K`bsf Bopgdts Murbke @pfrgtb`k3
]jf mgytbof k`bsf hfvfhs wbhh lf wbtjbk tjf
gpphbdglhf stgkmgrms `n 56 mL.
Bk tjf kbejttbof tjf k`bsf jgs t` lf wbtjbk tjf
ghh`wglhf hbobt `n 66 mL wjfk s`urdf bs gt 711o
gwgy.
O`st `n tjf vbhhgefs gkm sdj``hs grf 711o gwgy
`r o`rf s` k` k`bsf bopgdt bs fxpfdtfm.
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FD@K@OBD GTTFTTOFK]
D`sts gkm Lfkfnbts `n Fkvbr`kofktgh Bopgdts3 ]jf ogbk d`sts `n fkvbr`kofktgh bopgdts wbhh lf
gss`dbgtfm wbtj gdtbvbtbfs murbke tjf d`kstrudtb`kpfrb`m, sudj gs s`bh fr`sb`k gkm fd`systfo
mbsturlgkdf. Obtbegtb`k ofgsurfs wbhh lf tgifk t` obkbobzf tjf
fkvbr`kofktgh d`sts ly rfmudbke tjf bmfktbnbfmgmvfrsf fkvbr`kofktgh bopgdts.
]jf lfkfnbts `n tjf fkvbr`kofktgh bopgdts wbhhbkdhumf rfmudtb`k `n gbr fobssb`ks gkm k`bsftjr`uej rfmudfm trgnnbd d`kefstb`k gkm lfttfr r`gmd`kmbtb`k
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]jf ogbk fd`k`obd lfkfnbts efkfrgtfm ly tjf
pr`cfdt wbhh lf vfjbdhf `pfrgtbke d`st sgvbkes,
rfmudfm trgvfh tbof, gkm d`st sgvbkes nr`o
rfmudfm gddbmfkts.
@tjfr lfkfnbts wbhh bkdhumf nrfbejt d`st sgvbkes
gkm rfs`urdf d`st sgvbkes grbsbke nr`ombvfrsb`k `n nrfbejt nr`o rgbh t` jbejwgy.
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QVLHBD BK^@H^FOFK]
]jf FBG tfgo d`kmudtfm g nbfhm survfy gkm
vbsbtfm 7<5 j`usfj`hms gh`ke tjf pr`p`sfm
ghbekofkt bk 71 vbhhgefs gkm t`wks `n tjf
d`uktbfs `n Jfcbk, Cbsjgk, gkm Zbkcbgke bk Cukf7222 wbtj tjf n`hh`wbke `lcfdtbvfs3
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g) Bkn`ro tjf pulhbd gkm h`dgh e`vfrkofkts
gl`ut tjf kffm n`r tjf pr`cfdt gkm tjf
pr`p`sfm ghbekofkt
l) Bmfktbny d`kdfrks `n tjf pulhbdd) Bkn`ro tjf pulhbd gkm gefkdbfs rfegrmbke
p`tfktbgh bopgdts gss`dbgtfm wbtj tjf pr`cfdt
gkm tjf obtbegtb`k ofgsurfs d`ksbmfrfm.
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G qufstb`kkgbrf wgs d`ophftfm gt fgdj `n tjf
j`usfj`hms vbsbtfm. ]glhf ebvfk n`hh`wbke bs g
suoogry `n tjf nffmlgdi nr`o tjf
qufstb`kkgbrf. G hgref ogc`rbty `n tjf rfsp`kmfkts wfrf bk
ngv`r `n tjf Qr`cfdt.
O`st pf`phf lfhbfvfm tjgt tjf Qr`cfdt w`uhm lflfkfnbdbgh t` tjf d`uktry gs wfhh gs t` tjf h`dgh
fd`k`oy, gkm j`pfm n`r bts suddfss.
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Gs rfvfghfm murbke tjf vbsbts, tjf ogc`r d`kdfrksn`dusfm `k trgnnbd k`bsf, vfjbdhf fobssb`ks, gkmgddfss bkd`kvfkbfkdf dgusfm ly tjf r`gm.
]jfy j`pfm tjgt obtbegtb`k ofgsurfs w`uhm lfgppr`prbgtfhy mfsbekfm gkm bophfofktfm gh`kewbtj tjf r`gm d`kstrudtb`k
Gmfqugtf ukmfrpgssfs `r `vfrpgssfs w`uhm lfpr`vbmfm t` ngdbhbtgtf tjf d`kkfdtb`k lftwffk tjftw` sbmfs `n tjf r`gm, gkm ghs` tjgt tjf mbsruptfmbrrbegtb`k ngdbhbtbfs w`uhm lf rfst`rfm gs s``k gs
p`ssblhf.
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D@KDHVTB@KT
Efkfrgh D`kdhusb`k
]jf pr`p`sfm ghbekofkt `n tjf J`uog-Ruofki`u Fxprfsswgy jgs, bks`ngr gs
p`ssblhf, purp`sfhy gv`bmfm p`puhgtfm grfgs,grglhf hgkms, jbst`rbd hgkmogris, gkm duhturghsbtfs, tjfrfly dgusbke obkbogh mbsruptb`k.
Kfvfrtjfhfss, gs fvghugtfm ly tjf FBG, tjf
Qr`cfdt wbhh drfgtf s`of gmvfrsffkvbr`kofktgh bopgdts, wjbdj dgk lf obtbegtfm`r obkbobzfm t` gddfptglhf hfvfhs.
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Ubtj tjf t`tgh obtbegtb`k d`sts gdd`uktbke n`r
gl`ut 7% `n tjf t`tgh pr`cfdt d`sts, tjf Qr`cfdt
bs d`ksbmfrfm nfgsblhf fkvbr`kofktghhy gs wfhh
gs fd`k`obdghhy.
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Ghtfrkgtbvfs
N`ur ghbekofkt ghtfrkgtbvfs i, G, L, gkm d gkm
tjf k`-pr`cfdt ghtfrkgtbvf wfrf fvghugtfm gkm
d`opgrfm bk tfros `n p`tfktbgh fkvbr`kofktgh
bopgdts Ghtfrkgtbvf I wgs rfd`oofkmfm.
]jbs bs d`ksbstfkt wbtj tjf rfd`oofkmgtb`k `n
tjf pr`cfdt nfgsblbhbty stumy lgsfm `kfkebkffrbke gkm s`db`fd`k`obd
d`ksbmfrgtb`ks.
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]JGKI
R@V
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