English 51Wednesday, March 6, 2013Melissa Gunby

Free-write Please respond to the following quote:

The word impossible is not in my dictionary. –Napoleon.

Today’s Agenda A note on your essay drafts Punctuation Review Error Correction Jeopardy

A note on essay drafts Overall, I was happy with the state of the

drafts. Be careful using quotation marks. If you’re not

using exact language from the ad or Fowles’ essay, don’t put it in quotation marks. If you are quoting from the ad, remember to

include it on a works cited page If you use outside materials (like from other

classes), also cite them, and include them on your works cited page.

Sample Works Cited Page Fowles, Jib. “Advertising’s Fifteen Basic

Appeals.” Texts and Contexts. William S. Robinson and Stephanie Tucker. 7th Ed. Boston: Wadsworth. 2009. Print.

Neutrogena Corp. Gentle Cleanser ad. People. 11 Feb. 2013. 31. Print.

Wells Fargo. Retirement Planning Ad. O. March 2013. 51. Print.

Weekly

Monthly

Punctuation ReviewCommas, Periods, and Semi-Colons

Commas Rule 1: Use a comma to separate two independent

clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction. Coordinating conjunction = FANBOYS

For And Nor But Or Yet So

Independent clauses look like they could be sentences of their own; they contain a subject and a verb and a complete thought.

Examples You can bury your savings in the

backyard, but don’t expect Mother Nature to pay interest.

I’m going home tomorrow, and I’m never coming back.

CAUTION Do not join two sentences with a

comma. This makes a comma splice. Only use a comma between two independent clauses if they are joined by a FANBOYS.

Rule 2 Set off an introductory phrase or clause

with a comma After we had finished our laundry, we

discovered that one sock was missing. According to the owner of the Hall

Laundry House, customers have conflicting theories about missing laundry.

An introductory phrase or clause will not be able to stand alone as a sentence, and that’s how you can tell if it needs to be followed by a comma to join it to the rest of the sentence.

Rule 3 Set off non-essential phrases and clauses. If

the words can be taken out without changing the meaning of the sentence, put the phrase between commas. The jukebox, now reappearing in local honky-

tonks, first gained popularity during the 1920s. The addition of the phrase that they’re making

a comeback doesn’t change the meaning of the sentence if left out, so it goes between commas.

You can kind of think about these kind of commas as elevators that life out these phrases that give extra information without changing the meaning of the sentence.

Rule 4 Put commas around conjunctive adverbs

words like “however,” “therefore,” “consequently,” etc. She soon discovered, however, that he had

stolen her monogrammed towels in addition to her pet avocado plant.

If the conjunctive adverb is at the beginning of the sentence, the comma follows the word. Therefore, she resolved to never speak to him

again.

Rule 5 Use commas to separate the items in a list

or series. Julio collects coins, stamps, bottle caps,

erasers, and pocket lint. A comma before the ‘and’ at the end is

essential for clarity This is formally known as the Oxford Comma

Strawberry, peach, coffee, vanilla and chocolate swirlStrawberry, peach, coffee, vanilla, and chocolate swirl.

4 or 5 pints?

Rule 6 Use a comma to separate adjectives of

equal emphasis She finally moved out of her cold, dark

apartment She finally moved out of her cold and dark

apartment.

These commas can replace the “and” when using multiple words to describe the same noun.

Rule 7 Follow direct address with a comma.

Gentlemen, you may be seated. Students, may I have your attention

please? Bitch, please.

Rule 8, 9, and 10 8: set off items in addresses and dates

He found me on February 2, 1978, when I stopped in Fairbanks, Alaska, to buy sunscreen.

9: set off degrees or titles The Darwin Award went to Samuel Lyle, Ph.D.

10: set off dialogue “Eat hearty,” said Marie, “because this is the

last of the food.”

Rule 11 Set off weak exclamations like “yes,”

“no,” and “well.” Yes, there will be a quiz on this material

next week. No, it will not be open book.

Rule 12 Set off interrupters or parenthetical

phrases. Jack is, I think, still a compulsive gambler. Harvey, my brother, sometimes has

breakfast with him.

This works a lot like Rule 3.

Rule 13 Reduce temptation to over use commas.

If you don’t need to pause, think about leaving it out.

Activity Working with a partner, make

corrections as necessary to the handout provided.

Periods Rule 1: Use a period to signal the end of

most sentences.

Something is rotten in Denmark. They wondered whether the water was

safe to drink.

Rule 2: Abbreviations When you shorten a word, use a period

to signal the abbreviation:

Mister Spock = Mr. Spock August = Aug. 9 o’clock in the evening = 9 p.m.

Rule 2.5 If an abbreviation ends a sentence, don’t add

another period. He promised to arrive at 6 p.m.

If an abbreviation ends a question, add a question mark. Did he promise to come at 6 p.m.?

If an abbreviation happens in the middle of a sentence, use the correct following punctuation. He promised to be there at 6 p.m., but he forgot.

Exceptions There are some abbreviations that do

not use periods: MD, RN, BC Common terms: DNA, CD-ROM, FAQ Acronyms: Hazmat, AIDS, NATO, PIN Clipped forms: Math, fax, gym, dorm Postal abbreviations: TX, CA, AK, MA, NY

Rule 3: Poetry and Drama Use periods to separate the act, scene,

and line number when citing dramatic sources Hamlet 2.2.1-5

Use periods to mark divisions in poetry Paradise Lost 7.163-167

Use periods to separate the book and verse when citing biblical references Judges 4.14

Semi-colons The big rule for semi-colons is that they

work like periods; each side has to be a complete sentence.

;

Rule 1 Link two closely related independent

clauses. Anthropologists believe that popcorn

originated in Mexico; they have found popcorn poppers that are over 1,500 years old.

Rule 2 When using words like “however,”

“moreover,” and “thus.” Vincent van Gogh sold only one painting

in his entire life; however, in 1987 his Sunflowers sold for almost $40 million.

Rule 3 Use a semi-colon to separate details as

part of a series. Last year the Wildcats suffered enough

injuries to keep them from winning the pennant, as Jake Pritchett, third baseman, broke his arm in a fight; Hugh Rosenbloom, starting pitcher, sprained his back on a trampoline; and Boris Baker, star outfielder, ate rotten clams and nearly died.

Practice Again, working with a partner, complete

the handout of editing practice.

There will be a quiz next week.