English 121English 12109/13/0509/13/05

Topics:Topics:Your first homework assignmentYour first homework assignment

World English(es)World English(es)Standard English(es)Standard English(es)

Your homeworkYour homework

Subsystems of languageSubsystems of language– phonology/phoneticsphonology/phonetics– morphologymorphology– syntaxsyntax– semanticssemantics– pragmaticspragmatics– language variationlanguage variation

The systematic nature of languageThe systematic nature of language

A connection between sounds, words, A connection between sounds, words, thoughts, and actionsthoughts, and actions

At some level, these connections are At some level, these connections are culturally specificculturally specific– Example 1: an essay for a class in English Example 1: an essay for a class in English

has a thesis and supporthas a thesis and support– Example 2: How do you refuse an invitatio to Example 2: How do you refuse an invitatio to

a party?a party?

Cross Language comparisonCross Language comparison

Lexical differencesLexical differences– mistake---errore/Fehler/erreurmistake---errore/Fehler/erreur

Word orderWord order– Adjective noun orderAdjective noun order

ADJ NADJ N N ADJ N ADJ

terrible mistaketerrible mistake mistake terriblemistake terrible– Article a/the/0Article a/the/0

– Order of sentence elementsOrder of sentence elements

Object Subject VerbObject Subject Verb

a terrible mistake I a terrible mistake I made made (OSV)(OSV)

Verb Subject ObjectVerb Subject Object

made I a terrible mistakemade I a terrible mistake (VSO)(VSO)

Subject Verb ObjectSubject Verb Object

I made a terrible mistakeI made a terrible mistake (SVO)(SVO)

Words that you made upWords that you made up

1.1. ScmochScmoch a. Not eating a proper luncha. Not eating a proper lunch

2.2. KongheartKongheart b. say “hello” to someone againb. say “hello” to someone again

3.3. CerealedCerealed c. A sarcastic kind of goodnessc. A sarcastic kind of goodness

4.4. Re-hiRe-hi d. Used to replace the annoying d. Used to replace the annoying him/her distinction him/her distinction

5.5. KamakazeestyleeKamakazeestylee e. Those who voted for Bush e. Those who voted for Bush due to the “God Issue”due to the “God Issue”

6.6. Herm Herm f. A strong person with a lot of heartf. A strong person with a lot of heart

7.7. GodicalGodical g. Participating in an activity with g. Participating in an activity with reckless abandonreckless abandon

8.8. Matt WilliamsMatt Williams h. A failureh. A failure

9.9. superfantasterrificsuperfantasterrific i. Annoying or exasperatingi. Annoying or exasperating

AnswersAnswers

1.1. II2.2. FF3.3. AA4.4. BB5.5. GG6.6. DD7.7. EE8.8. HH9.9. CC

How many speakers of English?How many speakers of English?

Native speakersNative speakers

Second language usersSecond language users

Foreign language usersForeign language users

1.9 billion speakers 1.9 billion speakers

including nearly 350 million native including nearly 350 million native speakersspeakers

Why English?Why English?

1.1. Historical reasonsHistorical reasons —Imperialism/colonialism —Imperialism/colonialism

2.2. Political reasonsPolitical reasons —English used as a “neutral means of —English used as a “neutral means of

communicationcommunication

3.3. Economic reasonsEconomic reasons —pressure for other countries to use the —pressure for other countries to use the

same language as an economic powersame language as an economic power

4.4. Practical reasonsPractical reasons—English used for air travel, sea travel,, many —English used for air travel, sea travel,, many

businessesbusinesses

5.5. Intellectual reasonsIntellectual reasons—most academic information, most —most academic information, most

electronic informationelectronic information

6.6. Entertainment reasonsEntertainment reasons—music, movies, video games—music, movies, video games

Is English linguistically superior to Is English linguistically superior to other languages?other languages?

Is it more logical?Is it more logical?

Does it sound more beautiful?Does it sound more beautiful?

Is it easier to pronounce?Is it easier to pronounce?

Is it more simple?Is it more simple?

The answer to all of these questions is a The answer to all of these questions is a resounding…resounding…

NO!NO!

1.9 million speakers? The circles 1.9 million speakers? The circles of Englishof English

The circles of EnglishThe circles of English

Does everyone speak the same form of Does everyone speak the same form of English among all of the circles?English among all of the circles?

Does everyone speak the same form of Does everyone speak the same form of English within each circle?English within each circle?

Terms used to describe use and Terms used to describe use and teaching of Englishesteaching of Englishes

EAP-English for Academic PurposesEAP-English for Academic PurposesEFL—English as a Foreign LanguageEFL—English as a Foreign LanguageEIL-English as an International LanguageEIL-English as an International LanguageENL-English as a Native LanguageENL-English as a Native LanguageESL-English as a Second LanguageESL-English as a Second LanguageESP-English for Specific PurposesESP-English for Specific PurposesEST-English for Science and TechnologyEST-English for Science and TechnologyTESOL-Teaching English to Speakers of Other LanguagesTESOL-Teaching English to Speakers of Other LanguagesTEFL-Teaching English as a Foreign LanguageTEFL-Teaching English as a Foreign LanguageTESL-Teaching English as a Second LanguageTESL-Teaching English as a Second LanguageTEIL-Teaching English as an International LanguageTEIL-Teaching English as an International Language

Terms used to describe English Terms used to describe English Language UsersLanguage Users

L1-First LanguageL1-First Language

L2-Second LanguageL2-Second Language

NNV-Non-native variety of EnglishNNV-Non-native variety of English

MT-Mother tongue (or NL-Native Language)MT-Mother tongue (or NL-Native Language)

WE-World EnglishWE-World English

Standard English—What it isn’tStandard English—What it isn’tPeter Trudgill Peter Trudgill http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/dick/SEtrudgill.htmhttp://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/dick/SEtrudgill.htm

Not a language--a variety of languageNot a language--a variety of languageNot an accent—people with different Not an accent—people with different accents still can speak a standardaccents still can speak a standardStandard English is not a style Standard English is not a style a. Father was exceedingly fatigued subsequent to his extensive a. Father was exceedingly fatigued subsequent to his extensive peregrination.peregrination.

b. Dad was very tired after his lengthy journey.b. Dad was very tired after his lengthy journey. c. The old man was bloody knackered after his long trip .c. The old man was bloody knackered after his long trip .

If a standard speaker said “c”, does this mean that the person is no If a standard speaker said “c”, does this mean that the person is no longer speaking standard English?longer speaking standard English?

So what is it?So what is it?

A socially-prestigious dialect A socially-prestigious dialect of Englishof English

Contains regional varietiesContains regional varieties

Countries in Which English IsCountries in Which English Isan Official Language (red areas) an Official Language (red areas)

World English and a Standard World English and a Standard Variety?Variety?

Is there a World Standard Is there a World Standard English?English?

If so, where is it spoken?If so, where is it spoken?

ThursdayThursday

Quiz #1Quiz #1– Material: SOE Chapter 1, CEEL 2-7; 396-402; Material: SOE Chapter 1, CEEL 2-7; 396-402;

106-111, lectures, film “An English-Speaking 106-111, lectures, film “An English-Speaking World”World”

– 25 Multiple-choice questions25 Multiple-choice questions

– The quiz will be given at the start of class.The quiz will be given at the start of class.

CEEL 8-29—Old EnglishCEEL 8-29—Old English