england s america - pbworks · 2020. 10. 17. · 1! the american revolution week 4 english laws...
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The American Revolution Week 4 English Laws & Acts, Colonist Response, French & Indian War
England!s America
! England viewed the American colonies as a "business investment#
! As America grew, England thought they should help fund the empire ! Policies and laws soon came into play
British Laws & Acts
! The Navigation Acts ! Purpose: To help the growing English shipping
industry ! All colonial goods shipped had to be owned by
England w/ English crew members
! Colonists were upset when new tried to enforce acts
! They said England was trying to restrict their charter
Ally Bank Commercial: Restrictions
British Laws & Acts
! Sugar Act ! A revenue-raising act that placed a tax on sugar and
wine and subsequently began boycotting goods.
! What is boycotting?
! To voluntarily choose not to purchase or using certain goods in hope for a change.
British Laws & Acts
! Stamp Act ! To help British pay for the troops.
! All printed materials and commercial documents as well as printed material including, newspapers, pamphlets, bills, legal documents, licenses, almanacs, dice and playing cards, were taxed and had to carry a special stamp.
! The stamp was proof that a tax had been paid
! It leads to "Taxation without Representation" protests and subsequent repeal a few months later
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British Laws & Acts British Laws & Acts
! Quartering Act ! Required the colonists to house, feed, and give
supplies to British soldiers.
! Tea Act
! In order to help the failure of the East India Company, colonists had to buy and drink East India tea. This lead to the Boston Tea Party.
British Laws & Acts
! Intolerable Acts ! A series of harsh acts:
! Boston Port Act : Closed the Boston harbor until lost East India tea was paid for
! Massachusetts Government Act: limited their self-government
! Administration of Justice Act: British officials accused of committing crimes in a colony might be taken to England for trial
! Quebec Act: Extended Quebec's boundaries from colonial lands
Colonists React
! Boston Tea Party ! Patriots of Boston reacted on December 16,
1773 ! Who/what is a patriot?
! Colonists boarded tea ships disguised as Native Americans and dumped over 300 chests of tea into Boston Harbor
Are those Native Americans? !
Colonists React
! "Sons of Liberty# ! Mobs who stood up for liberty
! Looted royal governors! and stamp agents! homes
! Boycotted goods
Colonists React
! The Regulators/ Regulator Movement ! North Carolina uprising in which citizens took up
arms against corrupt colonial officials. ! Struggle between mostly lower class citizens, who
made up the majority of the population of North Carolina, and the wealthy ruling class, who comprised about 5% of the population, yet maintained almost total control of the government.
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Colonists React
! The Continental Congress ! Colonial organized meeting in 1774 ! Many of the Founding Father are present ! They demanded that the Intolerable Acts be
repealed. ! The Intolerable Acts ultimately led to the
Revolutionary War. ! England would not repeal
Becoming Our Own
! Britain and colonies had different ideas about representative government
! America had developed their own identity over the past 150 years… not a British identity
Becoming Our Own The French & Indian War
! England and France claimed common land in North America
! We had to decide… to fight or give up land ! George Washington and Benjamin Franklin got their start in
this war
The French & Indian War The French & Indian War
! Why did the Native Americans side with the French? ! The French took part in the fur trade
! Lived in present-day Canada and had no intention of living in Ohio River Valley
! Chose the lesser of the two evils
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The French & Indian War
! The Treaty of Paris officially ended this French and Indian War ! It also ended the Seven Years War
! global military war between 1756 and 1763, involving most of the great powers of the time.
! England won what is now Canada and land east of the Mississippi
The American Revolution Week 5
Key Groups
! Loyalists: American colonists who wished the American colonies to remain part of Britain. Sometimes referred to as Tories or Lobsterbacks.
! Why would they stay loyal?
! safety of the empire
! British citizens, pride
Key Groups
! Patriots: American colonists who favored the Revolution and sought independence from Britain. Sometimes referred to as American Whigs, Liberty Boys, and Rebels.
! Why would they want independence?
! freedom ! "unfair" taxation,
! harsh treatment by the British
The American Revolution
! The Continental Congress: Colonial delegates that first met in Philadelphia at Independence Hall in 1774 that acted as the governing body during the Revolutionary War.
! The Declaration of Independence: A formal document adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. It justified their independence as they listed the colonies grievances against King George III
The American Revolution
! The Declaration of Independence
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The American Revolution
! Minutemen: Name for the Patriot militia that formed before the Revolution began. They were a mobile group of soldiers that could act as scouts and fighters at a minute's notice.
The American Revolution
! The Battles of Lexington and Concord ! April 18, 1775: 700 Redcoats march toward
Lexington to arrest leaders of the Son’s of Liberty and confiscate weapons
! "The British are Coming# ! Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Samuel
Prescott ride on horseback to warn Lexington ! Only Prescott made it
Why do we only ever hear of Paul Revere?!
The American Revolution
! 70 minutemen were waiting for British outside of Lexington
! Neither side had been given orders to fire a shot, however, one shot is fired
! “The shot heard round the world”
! No one knows which side fired first ! Tensions had finally exploded
! The British marched to Concord only to find few weapons
The American Revolution
! The Mecklenburg Resolves (Mecklenburg County, NC) ! May 20, 1775 ! In response to Battle of Lexington & Concord ! Said the king!s policies were "null and void# in
the county ! That meant that the laws were no longer in
effect ! This document was written more than a year before
the Declaration of Independence
The American Revolution
! The Second Continental Congress ! Met in Philadelphia in May
! Word spread around colonies about the fighting ! (remember: there is no news, phones, telegraph, email, so
word spreads slow at times)
! New York was already in battle and fighting continued in Massachusetts
! Decided to form an American Army
! The Continental Army ! Led by George Washington
The American Revolution
6!
The American Revolution
! The Battle of Bunker Hill
! British troops were ordered to run Americans away from a fort on Breed!s Hill
! This would give British control of Charlestown Peninsula
! British ships fired cannons at Americans and troops stormed up Breed!s Hill
! Americans fought hard, but ran out of supplies and had to retreat.
! Americans proved they could fight a trained army
The American Revolution
The American Revolution
! The Halifax Resolves ! Committee of NC patriots met in Halifax on April 12, 1776 ! Drafted resolves, or formal statement of purpose, that called
for North Carolina!s independence from England ! It encouraged other colonies to do the same ! Served as guideline, when Continental Congress wrote the
Declaration of Independence
The American Revolution
! The Declaration of Independence ! Continental Congress formed a 5 man committee to draft
the declaration
! Thomas Jefferson wrote it ! Explained why we wanted independence and stated many
wrongs of England
! Approved on July 4, 1776 ! Signed by 55 representatives
! However, England would not give up the colonies easily
The American Revolution
! The Battle of Trenton ! Washington surprised attacked Hessians on Christmas night
of 1776 ! Hessians: German soldiers fighting for the British ! Stationed in New Jersey ! We crossed the Delaware River during the darkness and
surprised them in the early morning
The American Revolution
! The Battle of Yorktown ! The Americans and the French work together to beat Britain
! Last major battle of the Revolutionary War ! English General, Lord Cornwallis, surrenders
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The American Revolution
! The Treaty of Paris ! Continental Congress set up peace meeting with British
! Formal peace talks began in 1782 ended in 1783 ! Terms:
! Britain formally recognizes US as free
! American extended from Atlantic to Mississippi River
! Loyalists would not be punished ! Both sides would pay back money they owed each other
! British would leave Americas and stop fighting
The American Revolution
! How did America win? ! Advantages
! Economic ! Political
! Psychological
! Home field ! Expensive/hard for Britain fighting over seas
! British public supported war less than time went on
The American Revolution
! The Articles of Confederation: The first attempted government of the American Colonists after the American Revolution that laid the foundation of some of the most important principals of our current system of government.
! Confederation: a joining together ! Most power given to the states
! Each state, regardless of size, had one vote in Congress ! States were able to tax and control trade, not the Federal
government
! Why would this be a problem?
The American Revolution
! Created a weak Federal government ! No taxes = no income for the Federal government
! No money for programs/services or military ! Could not handle trade disputes between states
! Why would more state power have been a good thing?
! Positives ! States knew what they needed best
! No large central government (like England)
The American Revolution
! Included democratic ideals: America's principles of liberty, equality, rights, opportunity, and democracy.
! Representative Democracy: American's system of democracy where the people elect who they want to represent them in Congress.
The American Revolution
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The American Revolution
! Introduction to the Constitution
The American Revolution
! Constitution: A document that establishes the rules and procedures of how a government functions.
! The Constitutional Convention
! Decisions: ! 3 Branches of the government
! Legislative: Congress (House and Senate) ! Executive: President
! Judicial: Supreme Court
The American Revolution The American Revolution
! Election of a President ! Three-Fifths Compromise
! 3/5 of slave population would be counted when setting taxes and to determine the number of house representatives
! Compromise: A common method of negotiating terms in the Constitution.
! Ratify: To accept.
! States had to ratify the drafted plan
The American Revolution The American Revolution
! Federalists: Someone who supported a stronger central government and the Constitution of the United States of America.
! Antifederalists: Someone who supported a stronger state government rather than the stronger government created by the Constitution of the United States of America.
! Were calling for a section of the Constitution to state guaranteed rights.
! Where is this leading us to?
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The American Revolution The American Revolution
! The Bill of Rights: The first ten amendments of the Constitution that establish the basic rights of all citizens of the nation.
! Guarantee freedom of speech, freedom of press, and freedom of religion, and other rights