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The American Revolution Week 4 English Laws & Acts, Colonist Response, French & Indian War

England!s America

!   England viewed the American colonies as a "business investment#

!   As America grew, England thought they should help fund the empire !   Policies and laws soon came into play

British Laws & Acts

! The Navigation Acts !   Purpose: To help the growing English shipping

industry !   All colonial goods shipped had to be owned by

England w/ English crew members

!   Colonists were upset when new tried to enforce acts

!   They said England was trying to restrict their charter

Ally Bank Commercial: Restrictions

British Laws & Acts

! Sugar Act !   A revenue-raising act that placed a tax on sugar and

wine and subsequently began boycotting goods.

!   What is boycotting?

!   To voluntarily choose not to purchase or using certain goods in hope for a change.

British Laws & Acts

! Stamp Act !   To help British pay for the troops.

!   All printed materials and commercial documents as well as printed material including, newspapers, pamphlets, bills, legal documents, licenses, almanacs, dice and playing cards, were taxed and had to carry a special stamp.

!   The stamp was proof that a tax had been paid

!   It leads to "Taxation without Representation" protests and subsequent repeal a few months later

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British Laws & Acts British Laws & Acts

! Quartering Act !   Required the colonists to house, feed, and give

supplies to British soldiers.

! Tea Act

!   In order to help the failure of the East India Company, colonists had to buy and drink East India tea. This lead to the Boston Tea Party.

British Laws & Acts

! Intolerable Acts !   A series of harsh acts:

! Boston Port Act : Closed the Boston harbor until lost East India tea was paid for

! Massachusetts Government Act: limited their self-government

! Administration of Justice Act: British officials accused of committing crimes in a colony might be taken to England for trial

! Quebec Act: Extended Quebec's boundaries from colonial lands

Colonists React

!   Boston Tea Party !   Patriots of Boston reacted on December 16,

1773 !  Who/what is a patriot?

!   Colonists boarded tea ships disguised as Native Americans and dumped over 300 chests of tea into Boston Harbor

Are those Native Americans? !

Colonists React

!   "Sons of Liberty# !   Mobs who stood up for liberty

!   Looted royal governors! and stamp agents! homes

! Boycotted goods

Colonists React

!   The Regulators/ Regulator Movement !   North Carolina uprising in which citizens took up

arms against corrupt colonial officials. !   Struggle between mostly lower class citizens, who

made up the majority of the population of North Carolina, and the wealthy ruling class, who comprised about 5% of the population, yet maintained almost total control of the government.

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Colonists React

!   The Continental Congress !   Colonial organized meeting in 1774 !   Many of the Founding Father are present !   They demanded that the Intolerable Acts be

repealed. !  The Intolerable Acts ultimately led to the

Revolutionary War. !  England would not repeal

Becoming Our Own

!   Britain and colonies had different ideas about representative government

!   America had developed their own identity over the past 150 years… not a British identity

Becoming Our Own The French & Indian War

!   England and France claimed common land in North America

! We had to decide… to fight or give up land !   George Washington and Benjamin Franklin got their start in

this war

The French & Indian War The French & Indian War

!   Why did the Native Americans side with the French? !   The French took part in the fur trade

!   Lived in present-day Canada and had no intention of living in Ohio River Valley

!   Chose the lesser of the two evils

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The French & Indian War

!   The Treaty of Paris officially ended this French and Indian War !   It also ended the Seven Years War

!   global military war between 1756 and 1763, involving most of the great powers of the time.

!   England won what is now Canada and land east of the Mississippi

The American Revolution Week 5

Key Groups

! Loyalists: American colonists who wished the American colonies to remain part of Britain. Sometimes referred to as Tories or Lobsterbacks.

!   Why would they stay loyal?

!   safety of the empire

!   British citizens, pride

Key Groups

! Patriots: American colonists who favored the Revolution and sought independence from Britain. Sometimes referred to as American Whigs, Liberty Boys, and Rebels.

!   Why would they want independence?

!   freedom !   "unfair" taxation,

!   harsh treatment by the British

The American Revolution

! The Continental Congress: Colonial delegates that first met in Philadelphia at Independence Hall in 1774 that acted as the governing body during the Revolutionary War.

! The Declaration of Independence: A formal document adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. It justified their independence as they listed the colonies grievances against King George III


!   The Declaration of Independence

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! Minutemen: Name for the Patriot militia that formed before the Revolution began. They were a mobile group of soldiers that could act as scouts and fighters at a minute's notice.


!   The Battles of Lexington and Concord !   April 18, 1775: 700 Redcoats march toward

Lexington to arrest leaders of the Son’s of Liberty and confiscate weapons

!   "The British are Coming# !   Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Samuel

Prescott ride on horseback to warn Lexington !   Only Prescott made it

Why do we only ever hear of Paul Revere?!


!   70 minutemen were waiting for British outside of Lexington

!   Neither side had been given orders to fire a shot, however, one shot is fired

!   “The shot heard round the world”

!   No one knows which side fired first !   Tensions had finally exploded

!   The British marched to Concord only to find few weapons


!   The Mecklenburg Resolves (Mecklenburg County, NC) !   May 20, 1775 !   In response to Battle of Lexington & Concord !   Said the king!s policies were "null and void# in

the county !   That meant that the laws were no longer in

effect !   This document was written more than a year before

the Declaration of Independence


!  The Second Continental Congress !  Met in Philadelphia in May

!  Word spread around colonies about the fighting !  (remember: there is no news, phones, telegraph, email, so

word spreads slow at times)

!  New York was already in battle and fighting continued in Massachusetts

!  Decided to form an American Army

!  The Continental Army !  Led by George Washington


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!  The Battle of Bunker Hill

!  British troops were ordered to run Americans away from a fort on Breed!s Hill

!  This would give British control of Charlestown Peninsula

!  British ships fired cannons at Americans and troops stormed up Breed!s Hill

!  Americans fought hard, but ran out of supplies and had to retreat.

!  Americans proved they could fight a trained army



!  The Halifax Resolves !  Committee of NC patriots met in Halifax on April 12, 1776 !  Drafted resolves, or formal statement of purpose, that called

for North Carolina!s independence from England !  It encouraged other colonies to do the same !  Served as guideline, when Continental Congress wrote the

Declaration of Independence


!  The Declaration of Independence !  Continental Congress formed a 5 man committee to draft

the declaration

!  Thomas Jefferson wrote it !  Explained why we wanted independence and stated many

wrongs of England

!  Approved on July 4, 1776 !  Signed by 55 representatives

!  However, England would not give up the colonies easily


!  The Battle of Trenton !  Washington surprised attacked Hessians on Christmas night

of 1776 !  Hessians: German soldiers fighting for the British !  Stationed in New Jersey !  We crossed the Delaware River during the darkness and

surprised them in the early morning


!  The Battle of Yorktown !  The Americans and the French work together to beat Britain

!  Last major battle of the Revolutionary War !  English General, Lord Cornwallis, surrenders

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!  The Treaty of Paris !  Continental Congress set up peace meeting with British

!  Formal peace talks began in 1782 ended in 1783 !  Terms:

!  Britain formally recognizes US as free

!  American extended from Atlantic to Mississippi River

!  Loyalists would not be punished !  Both sides would pay back money they owed each other

!  British would leave Americas and stop fighting


!  How did America win? !  Advantages

!  Economic !  Political

!  Psychological

!  Home field !  Expensive/hard for Britain fighting over seas

!  British public supported war less than time went on


!  The Articles of Confederation: The first attempted government of the American Colonists after the American Revolution that laid the foundation of some of the most important principals of our current system of government.

!  Confederation: a joining together !  Most power given to the states

!  Each state, regardless of size, had one vote in Congress !  States were able to tax and control trade, not the Federal

government

!  Why would this be a problem?


!  Created a weak Federal government !  No taxes = no income for the Federal government

!  No money for programs/services or military !  Could not handle trade disputes between states

!  Why would more state power have been a good thing?

!  Positives !  States knew what they needed best

!  No large central government (like England)


!  Included democratic ideals: America's principles of liberty, equality, rights, opportunity, and democracy.

!  Representative Democracy: American's system of democracy where the people elect who they want to represent them in Congress.


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!  Introduction to the Constitution


!  Constitution: A document that establishes the rules and procedures of how a government functions.

!  The Constitutional Convention

!  Decisions: !  3 Branches of the government

!  Legislative: Congress (House and Senate) !  Executive: President

!  Judicial: Supreme Court

The American Revolution The American Revolution

!  Election of a President !  Three-Fifths Compromise

!  3/5 of slave population would be counted when setting taxes and to determine the number of house representatives

!  Compromise: A common method of negotiating terms in the Constitution.

!  Ratify: To accept.

!  States had to ratify the drafted plan


!  Federalists: Someone who supported a stronger central government and the Constitution of the United States of America.

!  Antifederalists: Someone who supported a stronger state government rather than the stronger government created by the Constitution of the United States of America.

!  Were calling for a section of the Constitution to state guaranteed rights.

!  Where is this leading us to?

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!  The Bill of Rights: The first ten amendments of the Constitution that establish the basic rights of all citizens of the nation.

!  Guarantee freedom of speech, freedom of press, and freedom of religion, and other rights

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