ENERGY CRISIS, ITS SOLUTIONS AND ALTERNATES IN PAKISTAN

ENERGY Energy is a physical quantity that describes

the amount of work that can be done by a force.

FORMS OF ENERGY

ENERGY CRISIS……..?An energy crisis is any great shortfall in the supply of energy resources to an economy. It usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to electricity or other natural resources.The crisis often has effects on the rest of the economy, with many recessions being caused by an energy crisis in some form. In particular, the production costs of electricity rise, which raises manufacturing costs.

ENERGY CRISIS IN PAKISTAN

Energy crisis in Pakistan was expected and it started in the year 2007. We will look at the demand and supply of 2008 and expected demand and supply of coming years.

YEAR EXPECTED AVAILABLE GENERATION

DEMAND (SUMMER PEAK)

SURPLUS/DEFICIT

2008 13146 16848 -33382009 16110 17868 -17582010 18503 19352 -8492011 20814 20874 -602012 21167 22460 -12932013 23368 24126 -7582014 23538 25919 -23812015 24408 28029 -36212016 25630 30223 -45932017 27481 35504 -80232018 27481 34918 -74372019 27481 37907 -104262020 27481 41132 -13651

DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY IN PAKISTAN

CAUSES OF ENERGY CRISIS IN PAKISTAN• ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL INSTABILITY

• FLUCTUATION OF OIL PRICES IN ENERGY MARKET

• FAULTY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

• AGING OF EQUIPMENT

• UNPRODUCTIVE EFFORTS

• MISMANAGEMENT OF ENERGY RESOURCES

SOLUTIONS To overcome the current energy crisis Pakistan needs to take the following steps:

•Short term plans

•Medium term plans

•Long term plans

SHORT TERM PLANS:

•Increase the number of IPPs (independent Power Producers)

•Reactivate the closed power generating units

•Overhaul the existing poor distribution system

•Import electricity to fulfill the current need for industries on ADHOC basis

•Government should have strict check on energy indicators on regular basis to counter such crisis in future

MEDIUM TERM PLANS:

•Transformation of existing system to renewable energy resources

•Developing and installing biogas, solar, wind and micro hydro based projects in villages

LONG TERM PLANS:

•Developing and installing coal based powerhouses

•Initiate agreements for mega projects with the energy extensive countries for sustainable energy resources

•Exploration of more oil, gas and coal reserves

•Provide incentive for up gradation and training to the engineers for new technology

ALTERNATIVESAccording to AEDP (Alternate Energy Development of Pakistan) the current status of electrical energy is:

TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY: 19505 MWENERGY SOURCES

The AEDP is working on the following alternate energy resources:

•Wind•Micro wind•Solar photovoltaic•Micro hydel•Biomass / waste-to-energy•Solar thermal•Bio fuels•Fuel cell•Geo thermal

THERMAL 12580 MW 65%

HYDEL 6463 MW 33%

NUCLEAR 462 MW 2%

WIND:• Free and clean• wind corridor that is 60 km wide (Gharo ~ Kati Bandar) and 180 km long (up to Hyderabad).• Up to 50,000 MW production potential in Pakistan

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS:• Solar cells convert solar energy in to electricity• Pakistan has an excellent potential of receiving solar radiations throughout the year• Solar Energy is available at a rate of 1000 watts per square meter in Pakistan.

HYDEL:•Cheapest and most suitable for Pakistan•Pakistan has got the potential of producing 46000 MW of electricity•Out of which only 6595 MW is produced

BIOMASS / WASTE-TO-ENERGY:•For 20 years the developed countries are using this technology•Every city of Pakistan produces thousands of tons of solid waste and millions of gallons water waste•Can be converted in to energy (power generation) and fertilizer

FUEL CELL:•Hydrogen fuel cell is a device which is compact, flexible and highly efficient.•Ultimate non pollutant energy source till now.

STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN

•FOUR WIND MILLS HAVE BEEN INSTALLED IN COASTAL AREA OF SINDH

• 10 SMALL HYDRO PLANTS WITH A CAPACITY OF 110 MW IN PROGRESS•BHASHA DAM POLICY WILL BE TAKEN IN TO CONSIDERATION

CONCLUSION

• PAKISTAN IS BLESSED AND RICH IN RESOURCES

• POLICIES SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED NOW

•POLLICIES SHOULD NOT CHNGE WITH THE CHANGE IN GOVERNMENT

• WE CAN EVEN EXPORT ENERGY IF WE PRODUCE IT AT OPTIMUM LEVEL

THANKS FOR PATIENTLY LISTENING