Emission Control Technologies & Fuel Quality Requirements

Dr K Kumar, Chairman, SIAM Committee on In-Use Vehicles & Advisor Engineering, Maruti Udyog Limited

SIAM

20th November 2006, New Delhi

Size of the Indian Automobile IndustrySize of the Indian Automobile Industry

Size ~ 9.7 mn vehicles

Production Volume Contribution

All figures for Apr 2005- Mar 06

• India second largest producer of Motorcycles (7.6 mn) in the world

Passenger Vehicles

13%

Three Wheelers4%

Two Wheelers79%

Commercial Vehicles

4%

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Total Registered Vehicles ~ 87 Mn

Commercial Vehicles

14%

Passenger Vehicles

13%

Two Wheelers

73%

Indian Vehicle ParcIndian Vehicle Parc

Source: Govt. of India Statistics of Registered Vehicles & SIAM estimates

2005

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Engine Technology

Fuel Quality

Lower emissions

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Engine Technology & Fuel Quality

Auto Fuel Policy

Principles

• “As elsewhere in the world the Government should decide only the vehicular emission standard and the corresponding fuel specifications without specifying vehicle technology type of fuel

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Ahmedabad

Mumbai

Pune

Bangalore Chennai

Hyderabad

Surat

Delhi

Kanpur

Kolkatta

Agra

Mega Cities

Major cities

Outcome of Auto Fuel PolicyOutcome of Auto Fuel Policy

Challenge to Vehicle Manufacturers:• Different Fuel Quality in different parts of the Country• Same vehicle plying in various areas – Would effect after-

treatment devices/ OBD/ other engine components?

Fuel Quality

Major Cities

Mega Cities

Rest Of India

Euro II April 2001. April 2003. April 2005.Euro III April 2010.Euro IV Not decided

April 2005.April 2010.

SIAM

Challenges and Demands on Vehicles

SIAM

• Regulations– Safety, Emissions and Noise requirements are to be

met by vehicle manufacturers

• Customers– We need to meet expectations of performance, price,

reliability and fuel consumption

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• 1991 - First Emission Norms for Gasoline Vehicles– Carbureted Vehicles

• 1995– Introduction of Open Loop Catalytic Converter in Petrol Cars

(Beginning with Delhi, due to availability of Lead Free Fuel)

• 1996 - Further Tightening of Emission Norms– Evaporative Emission Control Systems

History in Developments in Gasoline Vehicles

Carburetted / petrol engines EGR & 3 way catalytic converter

MPFI Engines with EMS Mapped EGR

Improved combustion system Advanced EGR tolerant processes in engine Variable valve-train system Optimised power train Catalyst with early light off technology

Variable valve timing Lean burn technology DeNOx catalyst Light weight vehicles

BS-II 2000 onwards

BS-IV – 2010 onwardsBS-III – 2005 onwards

BS-I (2000)

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Steps of Technology Evolution - Gasoline

Re-entrant combustion chamber Turbocharger / intercooler Zero sac nozzles

High pressure rotary fuel injection system

Modified re-entrant toroidal combustion chamber

High pressure injectors EGR & oxycat for MUVs

High pressure electronic fuel injection system

High pressure ratio turbochargers New design of piston, rings, cylinder

head Lubricating oil control package New driveline New intake and exhaust arrangement

Centralised injection system High pressure common rail/Unit

injection system Cooled EGR Particulate trap/DeNOx catalyst Variable geometry turbocharger

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Steps of Technology Evolution - Diesel

BS-II 2000 onwards

BS-IV – 2010 onwardsBS-III – 2005 onwards

BS-I (2000)

Fuel of the right quality important to meet the emission norms and

sustained emission performance

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Fuel Quality : Concerns

• Fuel an enabler of advanced vehicle technology- an established fact

• Progressively tighter emission norms can be met only with matching fuel quality

• Fuel adulteration aided by current fuel pricing policy• Subsidised kerosene diverted for adulteration of

diesel• Need for a roadmap for future scenario for

conventional and alternative fuels – CNG/LPG/Hybrid/Hydrogen/Fuel cell/Hythane etc

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Issues

• Oil industry has taken initiatives for ensuring the right fuel quality, but fuel adulteration still rampant

– Adulteration causes loss to the exchequer and the oil companies

– Has serious impact on the vehicle performance and emissions

• Impairs after treatment systems• 3 way catalytic converters• On-board diagnostic systems• Particulate filters & traps etc

– Impacts image of the auto industry and leads to warranty claims

• Dual emission norms– Impacts emission performance due to fueling of lower quality

level fuel when vehicle travel in non-metro areas– Need for a single emission norm across the country.

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• Alternative Fuels– Ethanol-gasoline blend and bio-diesel announced– All stakeholders need to develop a sustainable

alternative fuel roadmap

• 10% Ethanol Gasoline blend– Announced in the press– Auto industry unable to carry trials– Need to be made available to the auto industry

well in advance to enable them carry out trials– Field experience of 5% ethanol blend to be

studied after introduced in the country for atleast one year

Issues contd…….

SIAM

Need for a proactive approach

• Auto and Oil Industry should lead emission agenda.

• Develop a joint approach and proactive positioning.

• One national road map – Emission– Fuel– Alternate fuel

• Long term policy : Based on AMP

Thank You!