elements and principles of design hnc3ci – mrs. crowell
TRANSCRIPT
Elements and Principles of Design
HNC3CI – Mrs. Crowell
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
All designs, from simple to complex, come from only a few basic design elements.
Design Element: Colour
Colour is often the first thing
we notice when we look at a piece of
clothing.
Design Element: Line• Designers use lines for different effects.• Straight lines are used to create crisp shapes.• Curved lines give a feeling of movement.• ZigZag lines are used to create drama.
Design Element: Shape• There are four basic shapes in fashion design:• Natural – follows the outline of the body.• Tubular – rectangular with vertical emphasis.• Bell – both diagonal and horizontal lines.• Full – use of more horizontal and curved lines.
Design Element: Texture
• The surface characteristics that determine the look and feel of an object.– Soft or Crisp, Smooth or Nubby, Dull or Shiny
• Fabric texture results from the fiber, yarn, construction and finish used.
• Texture determines how a fabric moves when worn.
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN• Artistic guidelines for using all of the design
elements.• Fashion designers use these principles when
designing their clothing.
Design Principle: Balance
• A design has balance when the spaces on both sides of the central line, real or imagined, appear equal.
• Balance is either: Symmetrical or Asymmetrical
Design Principle: Proportion
• How separate parts of a garment relate to each other (also known as scale).
• Parts with somewhat unequal sizes look best together.
• Fashion design commonly relies on a 3-to-5 ratio.
Design Principle: Emphasis• The focal part of
the design that draws the most attention is known as emphasis.
• Emphasis can be accomplished with colour, line, texture, design details, trims, and accessories.
Design Principle: Rhythm
• Rhythm carries the eye through a regular pattern produced by design elements.
• Three ways to achieve rhythm in fashion:– Repetition: a pattern repeats
in the garment– Radiation: lines or patterns
flow from a central location– Gradation: a pattern changes
gradually.
Design Principle: Harmony
• A design has visual harmony when the design elements complement each other.
• The elements relate in a unified way to convey a single theme.
• When harmony exists, each part looks like it belongs.
Different Body Shapes & FramesThere are four basic body shapes…– Apple, Pear, Hourglass, Rectangle
Application Activity
• Refer to page 176 in the Clothing text.• Look through magazines and collect
illustrations of clothes with different line types and directions.
• Use a black marker to highlight the dominant lines in each garment.
• Group the garments together to create small collections of similar lines.