electricity in europe 2017 - entso-e · 2020. 4. 10. · 6 entso-e | electricity in europe 2017...

ELECTRICITY IN EUROPE 2017Synthetic overview of electric system consumption, generation and exchanges in 34 European countries

European Network ofTransmission System Operators

for Electricity

2 ENTSO-E | Electricity in Europe 2017

ENTSO-E, the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity, represents 43 electricity transmission system operators (TSOs) from 36 countries across Europe.

ENTSO-E’s ‘Electricity in Europe’ provides a synthetic overview of the consumption, generation and exchanges of electricity in the area covered by ENTSO-E’s member TSOs during a given year. It also comments on the main evolutions in comparison to the previous year.

The 2017 edition is mainly based on provisional data, as of 4 June 2018, delivered by

ENTSO-E’s members, and published on the ENTSO-E data portal as ‘Power Statistics’. It is

complementary to ENTSO-E’s Statistical Factsheet. Note that Turkey (observer member) and

Albania (member since March 2017) are not included in the statistics.

ENTSO-E | Electricity in Europe 2017 3

CONTENTS

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: ENERGY TRANSITION IN PROGRESS ........ 4

2 CONSUMPTION ............................................................................................... 6

Evolution of overall consumption ................................................................. 6

Evolution of consumption per country ........................................................ 7

Evolution of overall Net Generating Capacity ............................................ 8

3 GENERATION .................................................................................................... 8

Evolution of overall energy net generation ................................................. 9

Energy net generation per country ............................................................10

Share of consumption covered by renewable generation .....................15

4 EXCHANGES ....................................................................................................16

Exchange balances per country ....................................................................16

Exported generation ......................................................................................17

Imported generation ......................................................................................17

APPENDIX: DATA SOURCES AND REFERENCES .......................................18


Electricity consumption was stable in 2017 The overall electricity consumption reached 3,329 terawatt hours (TWh) in 2017. Compared with 2016, the electricity consumption slightly increased (+ 0.2 %).

In 2017, the peak load of the overall electrical system was reached on 18 January (542 gigawatts [GW] ) during a cold wave, and was lower than the previous year (– 4 GW).

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: ENERGY TRANSITION IN PROGRESS


1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: ENERGY TRANSITION IN PROGRESS

�Renewable�generation�continues�to�increase� whilst�nuclear�generation�decreases� Comparing 2017 to 2016, the net generating capacity (NGC) of nuclear power plants has decreased (– 2.3 %). The same holds true for fossil NGC (– 3.1 %), while wind and solar NGC increased (+ 9.8 % and + 6.1 %, respectively). In total, the capacity of renewable electricity sources (RES) (excluding hydro) amounts to almost 30 % of the total NGC.

The generation from nuclear power plants also decreased (– 1.1 %). This was partially compensated by generation from fossil fuels (+ 1.3 %). Unlike in 2016, generation from renewables was driven by wind (+ 17 %). Solar generation (6.1 %) increased accordingly to the increase of NGC (+ 6.4 %). Hydro generation fell due to unfavourable weather conditions (9.3 %).

The net generating capacity (NGC) is the maximum electrical net active power a power plant can feed-in continuously without exceeding the designed thermal limits.

�Interconnected�network�allows�the�exchange�balance�of� countries�to�fluctuate�from�year�to�year

Even if the structure of exchanges is rather stable, the exchange balance of countries can fluctuate due to border capacities, market prices, market coupling and the development of renewables.

In 2017, nine countries exported more than 10 % of their annual national generation to neighbouring countries. Eleven other coun-tries imported more than 10 % of their annual internal consumption needs from other countries within the ENTSO-E perimeter.


Evolution of overall consumption YEARLY ENERGY CONSUMPTION

In 2017, consumption reached 3,329 TWh, which represents a stabilisation (+ 0.2 %) compared to the previous year (Figure 1).

PEAK LOAD

Due to the cold spell of January 2017, the peak load reached 542 GW on 18 January 2017. The highest historical peak load is that which was registered during the cold spell of January 2016 (546 GW).

Figure 1: Electricity consumption between 2013 and 2017 in TWh

Figure 2: Maximum peak load in GW

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

TWh

3 400

3 250

3 200

3 100

3 150

3 300

3 350

3 000

3 050

3 2933 301

3 241

3 322 3 329

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

GW

560

530

520

510

540

550

490

500

516.27

541.77

510.64

545.92

519.86

2 CONSUMPTION


≥ 4 %

≥ 2 % and < 4 %

≥ 0.5 % and < 2 %

≤ - 2 % and < - 4 %

≤ - 4 % stable

≤ - 0.5 % and > - 2 %

0.2 %

0.2 %

0.6 %

-0.6 %

2.6 %

2.6 %-1.8 %

2.5 %3.2 %

2.5 %2.6 %

2.1 %2.2 %

1.9 %

1.1 %

1.2 %

5.6 %

3.9 %2.8 %

3.2 %

0.8 %

0.4 %

0 %

-1.2%0.4 %-0.3 %

-1.1 %

1.4 %

- 3 %

1 %

3.2 %

0.7 %

1.2 %

1.6 %

Evolution of consumption per country

The evolution of consumption between 2016 and 2017 is contrasted below. Whereas Eastern Europe is in a growth dynamic, Western Europe shows various situations, with a limited increase in the Hispanic peninsula and a stabilisation in central Europe, excluding Germany and Austria which saw a decrease in consumption like that of Great Britain.

Figure 3: Evolution of electricity consumption between 2016 and 2017


GW

500

300350

200250

100150

50

400450

0

Hydro (incl. renewable hydro)

Nuclear

Fossil fuels

Other renewable(excl. renewable hydro)

41 %

27 %20 %

12 %

201

205

208

207.5 20

8

126

126

125

124.

812

2

461

457

447

431.4

418

216 24

7 269

288.

6 312

1 1 0 0.5

0

Non-identifiable

’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17

Net Generating Capacity in 2017

GW

500

300350

200250

100150

50

400450

0


Nuclear

Fossil fuels


41 %

27 %20 %

12 %

201

205

208

207.5 20

8

126

126

125

124.

812

2

461

457

447

431.4

418

216 24

7 269

288.

6 312

1 1 0 0.5

0

Non-identifiable

’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17

Net Generating Capacity in 2017

Evolution of overall Net Generating CapacityBy the end of 2017, total NGC was 1,060 GW. Whilst NGC was stable with respect to hydraulic, non-hydro renewable energy sourc-es increased by 24 GW (+ 8.2 % compared to 2016), and represented almost 30 % of total NGC. In contrast, fossil fuel NGC decreased by 3.1 % and nuclear NGC by 2.3 %.

3 GENERATION

Figure 4: ENTSO-E net generating capacity from 2013 to 2017


Evolution of overall energy net generationWhilst fossil fuels generation slightly increased by 1.3 %, nuclear generation decreased by 1.1 % in 2017 compared to 2016. In paral-lel, renewable (excluding hydro) generation increased (+ 10.9 %) driven by a wind uptake (+ 17.3 %). Meanwhile, hydro generation dropped by 9.3 % due to limited rainfall.

TWh

1800

1200

1400

800

1000

400

600

200

1600

0

41 %

19 % 16 %

24 %

590

583

52861

357

8

857

859

836

817

808

1420

1345

1308 1354 13

71 10 3 12 10

439 57

249

5 573

763

5

Non identifiable

’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17


Nuclear

Fossil fuels


Energy net generation in 2017

TWh

1800

1200

1400

800

1000

400

600

200

1600

0

41 %

19 % 16 %

24 %

590

583

52861

357

8

857

859

836

817

808

1420

1345

1308 1354 13

71 10 3 12 10

439 57

249

5 573

763

5

Non identifiable

’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17


Nuclear

Fossil fuels


Energy net generation in 2017

Figure 5: ENTSO-E net generation from 2013 to 2017


≥ 30 %Share of the national generation:

≥ 20 % and < 30 %

≥ 10 % and < 20 %

no plant

< 10 %

95.6 %

22.8 %

59.3 %31.8 %

40.4 %

1.9 %4.3 %

17.9 %

24.3 %0.7 %

3.7 %

24.4 %25.8 %

8.3 %

18.1 %

8.8 %

40.4 %

13.7 %27 %

47.2 %

1.7 %

69.1 %

54.8 %61 %10.2 %

0.1 %

0 %

0.1 %

0.3 %

2.4 %

3.1 %

74.5 %

13.5 %

7.9 %

≥ 5 %

≥ 2 % and < 5 %

≥ 0.5 % and < 2 % ≤ - 0.5 % and > - 2 %

≤ - 2 % and < - 5 %

≤ - 5 %stable

no plant

- 0.8 %

- 0.3 %

- 1.1 %

19.3 %

4.2 %

0.2 %- 0.1 %

- 0.4 %- 1 %

- 5.5 %- 0.2 %

- 2.5%- 8.5%

- 2.7%

- 12.8 %- 4.3 %

- 18.7%

- 2.4 %- 3.8 %

-7.2 %

- 0.1 %

-5.3 %

0.3 %1.3%- 1.9 %

0 %

0 %

- 0.1 %

0.1 %

- 0.3 %

0.5 %

- 16.3 %

- 7.2 %

Energy net generation per country HYDRAULIC ENERGY

In Europe, hydraulic power plants are concentrated in the transalpine range, the Carpathians and the Scandinavian countries, where hydraulic generation represents up to 96 % of the total national generation.

Although hydraulic generating capacities did not undergo any significant evolution, generation is highly dependent on the rainfall and market situation, which differs from one country to the next.

Figure 6: Share of hydraulic net generation within ENTSO-E in 2017 Figure 7: Evolution of hydraulic energy net generation by percentage point*

* A percentage point (pp) is the arithmetic difference between two percentages (for example going from 4 % to 7 % is a 3 percentage point increase).



≥ 20 % and < 30 %

≥ 10 % and < 20 %

no plant

< 10 %

33.6 %

39.8 %

12.1 %

0 %

54.3 %

36.1 %

52.1 %

33.1 %

17.7 %40.3%

50.6 %

32.5%71.9 %

3.7 %21 %

21.4 %

≥ 5 %

≥ 2 % and < 5 %

≥ 0.5 % and < 2 % ≤ - 0.5 % and > - 2 %

≤ - 2 % and < - 5 %

≤ - 5 %stable

no plant

- 0.4 %

- 0.5 %

0 %

- 1.2 %

3.7 %- 0.1 %

- 0.3 %

- 1.6 %0.6 %

4.2 %

- 2.1%0.2 %

-0.8 %- 0.6 %

0.9 %

- 0.2 %

NUCLEAR ENERGY

Power plant generation can fluctuate, depending on market conditions and technical availability.

Figure 8: Share of nuclear energy net generation in 2017 Figure 9: Evolution of nuclear energy net generation by percentage point


FOSSIL FUEL

Historically, fossil fuels have been the main electricity generation source for countries with no hydraulic resources or nuclear plants. In recent years, the share of electricity generation from fossil fuels has decreased in all European countries, associated with the development of RES generation, and the shutdown of some thermal plants which do not meet European environmental stand-ards. However, in 2017, fossil fuel generation slightly increased, mainly due to a decrease in nuclear generation and hydro gene-ration.


≥ 20 % and < 30 %

≥ 10 % and < 20 %

no plant

< 10 %

2.1 %

19 %

26.9 %16.1 %

1.7 %

84 %52.4 %

19.1 %

42 %37.3%

54.3 %

75.6 %73.5%

47.7 %

78.3 %

69.4 %

55.5 %

96.1 %

61.6 %28.8 %

38.3 %

29.8 %

11.7 %

23.4 %1.4 %10.3 %

29.9 %

81.5 %

85.9 %

53.6 %71.4 %

57.9 %

45.2 %

≥ 5 %

≥ 2 % and < 5 %

≥ 0.5 % and < 2 %

≤ - 2 % and > - 5 %

≤ - 5 %stable

no plant/no data ≤ - 0.5 % and > - 2 %

0 %

1.1 %

2.1 %

- 0.5 %

- 1.7 %

- 18.9%

- 13.5 %

- 3.4 %

- 3.4 %

8.4 %

2.6 %

3.4 %

2.5 %

12.6 %

5 %

2.2 %- 0.5 %

5.8 %

14.6 %

0.7%- 1.1 %

-1.8 %

3.5 %- 0.9 %1.7 %

- 7.8 %- 3.2 %

- 3.9 %-2.8 %

- 0.3 %

15.7 %

7 %

0.8 %

-

Figure 10: Share of fossil fuels’ energy net generation in 2017 Figure 11: Evolution of fossil fuels’ energy net generation by percentage point


WIND ENERGY

Wind energy net generation increased by 17.3 % compared to 2016. The evolution of electricity generated from wind is influenced by:

| The evolution of capacities, which are generally increasing. Indeed, in 2017, wind NGC reached 167 GW (+ 9.8 % compared to 2016)| The weather conditions of a specific year and country. Overall, 2017 saw favourable wind conditions.


≥ 10 % and < 15 %

≥ 5 % and < 10 %

no plant/no data

< 5 %

1.8 %

7.5 %

2 %

37.6 %

10.9 %

9.2 %17.3 %

12.3 %

0 %

2.3 %

0.7 %

3.7 %

2.1 %

10.4 %

3.9 %

6.4 % 0 %

11.3 %

7.8 %

11.5 %

9.3 %0.2 %4.6 %

50.4 %

9.8 %

6 %

14.1 %24.6 %

22 %

18.4 %

≥ 2 %

≥ 0.5 % and < 2 %

≥ 0.2 % and < 0.5 %

≤ - 0.2 % and > - 0.5 %

≤ - 0.5 % and > - 2 % stable

no plant/no data

0.4 %

0.7 %

2.8 %

0 %

0.3%

6.8 %

0.1 %0 %

0.3 %

1.5 %

- 0.1 %

0.3 %

- 0.2 %

2.4 %

1.4 %1 %

7 %

4.4 %

2%0 %0.6 %

5.7 %3.3%

2.7 %

0 %

2.2 %

0.1 %

0 %

- 0.8 %

Figure 12: Share of wind energy net generation in 2017 Figure 13: Evolution of wind energy net generation by percentage point


SOLAR ENERGY

Similar to wind power, the growth of solar energy (+ 6.1 %) depends on the evolution of net generating capacity (+ 6.4 %), and weather conditions.


≥ 2 % and < 5 %

≥ 1 % and < 2 %

no plant/no data

< 1 %

1.9 %

5.9 %

3.1 %

2.2 %

0.3 %

2.6 %

3.4 %

8.1 %

9.1 %

1.7 %

0.5 %

0.4 %

1.7 %

3.7 %

5.1 %

1.7 %

3.3 %

2.7 %

1.7 %

1.6 %

5.3 %

≥ 1 %

≥ 0.5 % and < 1 %

≥ 0.1 % and < 0.5 % ≤ - 0.1 % and > - 0.5 %

≤ - 0.5 % and > - 1 %

≤ - 1 % stable

no plant/no data

0.1 %

- 0.1 % 0 %

0 %

- 0.5 %

0.1 %

0.1 %0.1 %

0.2 %

1 %

- 0.1 %

- 0.1 %

0.5 %

0.1 %

0.3 %

0.1 %

0.3 %

0.2 %

0.1 %

0.3%

Figure 14: Share of solar energy net generation in 2017 Figure 15: Evolution of solar energy net generation by percentage point


Share of consumption covered by renewable generation

34.1 % of the overall consumption is covered by renewable generation. Without hydraulic generation, renewable genera-tion represents 19.1 % of total consumption.


≥ 20 % and < 30 %

≥ 10 % and < 20 %

< 10 %

108.5 %

35.6 %

73.8 %

20.9 %

66.1 %

15.4 %38.2 %

23.1 %

42.5 %7.3 %

13.6 %

22.6 %28.6 %

17.4 %

15.8 %

26.8%

3.9 %

32.3 %30.3 %

36.4%8.3 %

17%7.2 %

62.1 %62.7 %18.4 %

50.5 %

14.3 %

18.6 %

24.5 %

100 %

28.9 %

42.7 %

31.5%

Figure 16: Share of consumption covered by renewable generation in 2017


4 EXCHANGESExchange balances per country The exchange balance of a country can fluctuate from year to year, linked to border capacities, market coupling and price influences, even if some countries are structurally importing or exporting.

The balance of electricity exchanges is the balance between the electricity physically flowing in and out of a country. It equates to the balance of commercial transactions of each country (exports minus imports).

However, in an interconnected system where electricity disperses through various paths, the electricity physical flow through a specific border between two countries usual-ly differ from the commercial electricity transactions between these two countries. Summing up net balances sep-arately, whether positive or negative, gives the amount of net exports and imports of the country. Exports and imports can be driven by market conditions or adequacy needs.

≤ - 30 TWh

Exporting balance: Importing balance:

≤ - 15 TWh and > - 30 TWh

≤ - 1 TWh and > - 15 TWh ≥ 1 TWh and < 15 TWh

≥ 15 TWh and < 30 TWh

≥ 30 TWh balanced

isolated

-15.2

-19

-2.7

- 0.2

20.4

- 0.18.7

2.3-55.4

-13

12.9

3

1.3-1.8

-5.5

-2.9

6.2

1.91.1

4.4

66.3

6.56-40.3

4.7

3.515.4

37.8

- 0.7

- 2.7

9.2

more exporting

less exporting

becomes exporting becomes importing

less importing

more importing stable

isolated

Exporting balance: Importing balance:

Figure 17: Exchange balances in 2017 Figure 18: Evolution of exchange balances between 2016 and 2017


Exported generation In 2017, nine countries within the ENTSO-E perimeter export-ed more than 10 % of their annual national generation to neigh-bouring countries.

Figures 19 and 20 are based on ‘net exports’ and ‘net imports’ calculations, excluding transit and loop flows. Net balance of exchanges per country are calculated on an hourly basis.

Imported generation In 2017, 11 ENTSO-E countries imported more than 10 % of their annual internal consumption needs from other ENTSO-E countries.

≥ 10 % of its consumptionImports:

≥ 5 % and < 10 % of its consumption

< 5 % of its consumption

isolated/no data

95.6 %

98.8 %

98.1 %

84.8 %

55.7 %

85.3 %

70.7 %

53.6 %

99 %

99.3 %

99.9 %

95 %

99.8 %

98.5 %

98.1 %

28.1%

74.9 %

90.2 %

81.8 %

74.9 %98.3 %

99.7 %

98.6 %90.5 %

76.5 %

86.3 %

98.4 %

86.4 %92.8 %

93.4 %

94.5%

≥ 10 % of its generationExports:

≥ 5 % and < 10 % of its generation

< 5 % of its generation

isolated/no data

11.9 %

12.2 %

0.1 %

0.4 %

0.1 %

0.4 %

20.8%

0.7 %

2.3 %

0.8 %

0.3 %

4.7 %

1.3 %8.5 %

8.4 %

8.3 %

0.2 %16.5%

0.3 %

3.6%

3.3 %

14%

42 %27.8 %9.4 %

7.6 %

2.7 %

1.6 %

16.7 %

10.3 %

0.8 %

Figure 19: Share of yearly generation exported Figure 20: Share of yearly consumption covered by national generation


Appendix: Data sources and references SOURCE OF DATAAll data are provided by ENTSO-E’s member TSOs. Data for 2017 are taken from ENTSO-E’s monthly statistics, whereas data from 2016 are based on ENTSO-E’s yearly statistics. Data used for consumption, generation and exchange balance fig-ures in chapters 2, 3 and 4.1 are taken from ENTSO-E’s data portal: www.entsoe.eu/data/data-portal/

Data used for ‘net export’ and ‘net import’ calculations in chap-ters. 4.2 and 4.3 are taken from the ENTSO-E Transparency Platform: transparency.entsoe.eu/

OTHER RELATED ENTSO-E PUBLICATIONSMonthly statistics: www.entsoe.eu/publications/statistics/monthly-statistics/

Statistical Factsheet: www.entsoe.eu/publications/general-publications/memo-entso-e-facts-figures/

Yearly Statistics & Adequacy Retrospect (YS & AR): www.entsoe.eu/publications/statistics/statistical-yearbooks/

CONTRIBUTORSThis publication, mainly based on data collected by ENTSO-E Statistical Data Cor res pon dents, has been written by Data Ex-pert Group Members: Apostolos Anagnostou (IPTO SA) Sabine Giguet (RTE) Zdeněk Fučík (ČEPS) Łukasz Jeźyński (PSE) Raymond Kok (TenneT NL) Nikolaos Kouveliotis (IPTO SA) Philippe Lagarrigue (ENTSO-E) Roberto de la Fuente (REE) Cristian Radoi (Transelectrica) Ernst Reittinger-Hubmer (APG) Florian Schwaiger (TenneT GER)

Imprint Publisher : ENTSO-E aisbl, Avenue de Cortenbergh 100, 1000 Brussels – Belgium

Design: Drei Dreizehn GmbH, Berlin www.313.de

Publishing date : December 2018

http://transparency.entsoe.eu/

http://www.entsoe.eu/publications/statistics/monthly-statistics/

http://www.entsoe.eu/publications/statistics/monthly-statistics/

http://www.entsoe.eu/publications/general-publications/memo-entso-e-facts-figures/

http://www.entsoe.eu/publications/general-publications/memo-entso-e-facts-figures/

http://www.entsoe.eu/publications/statistics/statistical-yearbooks/

http://www.entsoe.eu/publications/statistics/statistical-yearbooks/

ENTSO-E | Electricity in Europe 2017 1919 ENTSO-E | Electricity in Europe 2017

@ENTSO_E | [email protected] | +32 2 741 09 50 | www.entsoe.eu

ENTSO-E, the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity, represents 43 electricity transmission system operators (TSOs) from 36 countries across Europe. ENTSO-E was established and given legal mandates by the EU’s Third Legisla-tive Package for the Internal Energy Market in 2009.

European Network ofTransmission System Operators

for Electricity

Any questions? Contact us:

mailto:info%40entsoe.eu?subject=Electricity%20in%20Europe%202017

electricity in europe 2017 - entso-e · 2020. 4. 10. · 6 entso-e | electricity in europe 2017...

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