electricity in europe 2015 - european network of ... · 2| entso-e electricity in europe 2015...

European Network ofTransmission System Operatorsfor Electricity

European Network ofTransmission System Operators

for Electricity

ELECTRICITY IN EUROPE 2015 Synthetic overview of electric system consumption, generation and exchanges in the ENTSO-E Area

2 | ENTSO-E Electricity in Europe 2015

ELECTRICITY IN EUROPE PROVIDES A SYNTHETIC OVERVIEW OF ELECTRIC

SYSTEM CONSUMPTION, GENERATION AND EXCHANGES IN ENTSO-E* DURING

A GIVEN YEAR. IT COMMENTS ON THE MAIN EVOLUTIONS IN COMPARISON TO

THE PREVIOUS YEAR.

THE 2015 EDITION IS MAINLY BASED ON PROVISIONAL DATA, AS OF APRIL

2016, DELIVERED BY ENTSO-E MEMBERS, AND PUBLISHED ON THE ENTSO-E

DATA PORTAL AS “MONTHLY STATISTICS”. IT IS COMPLEMENTARY TO

THE STATISTICAL FACTSHEET AND THE YEARLY STATISTICS & ADEQUACY

RETROSPECT, WHICH ARE ISSUED ONCE THE DATA IS DEFINITIVE.

* IN THIS DOCUMENT, ‘IN ENTSO-E’ MEANS IN THE AREA COVERED BY TSO MEMBERS OF ENTSO-E,

I.E., 41 MEMBERS COVERING 34 COUNTRIES.

ENTSO-E Electricity in Europe 2015 | 3 2 | ENTSO-E Electricity in Europe 2015

CONTENTS

1. MAIN FACTS: ENERGY TRANSITION IN PROGRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2. CONSUMPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

EVOLUTION OF OVERALL ENTSO-E CONSUMPTION � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 6

EVOLUTION OF CONSUMPTION PER COUNTRY � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 7

3. GENERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

EVOLUTION OF OVERALL ENTSO-E NET GENERATING CAPACITY � � � � � � � � 8

EVOLUTION OF OVERALL ENTSO-E ENERGY NET GENERATION � � � � � � � � � � 9

NET GENERATION PER COUNTRY � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 10

RENEWABLE NET GENERATION PER COUNTRY � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 15

4. EXCHANGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

EXCHANGE BALANCES PER COUNTRY � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 17

EXPORTED GENERATION � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 18

CONSUMPTION FROM NATIONAL GENERATION � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 18

APPENDIX: DATA SOURCES AND REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

IMPRINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19


1. ENERGY TRANSITION IN PROGRESS

MAIN FACTS


ENTSO-E ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION INCREASED IN 2015

After several years of decrease, overall electricity consumption in the ENTSO-E perimeter reached 3,278 terawatt hours (TWh) in 2015. This 1.4 % increase can be explained by the colder tempera-tures observed in the beginning of the year compared to 2014, and by a slight economic upturn.

In 2015, the peak load of the overall electrical system was reached on 5 February (528 gigawatts (GW)), linked to a cold period, and was higher than the previous year (+6 GW). However, this is still below the historical maximum of 557 GW reached in February 2012, when an exceptional period of cold weather struck the main part of Europe.

RENEWABLE GENERATION CONTINUES TO INCREASE

WHILST HYDRO AND NUCLEAR GENERATION DECREASE

The net generating capacity (NGC) of hydro has been stable for several years. However, in 2015, due to a decrease in rainfall, hydro generation was 6.5 % lower than the previous year. Moreover, the shutdown of nuclear plants (-1.8 GW) in Germany and Great Brit-ain have contributed to a reduction of nuclear generation by 2.66 % (-23 TWh). The growth in renewable power has mainly been driven by wind generation, which increased by 24.5 % in 2015. The com-bined effects of the development of wind farms (136 GW) and suit-

able meteorological conditions, were substantially responsible for these figures. In total, the capacity of Renewable Electricity Sourc-es (RES) (excluding hydro) amounts to almost 25.8 % of the total NGC of ENTSO-E.

However, to compensate for the reduction in hydro and nuclear and their load growth, the use of fossil fuel resources increased in 2015 by 1.2 %, despite the reduction of capacity (-3.3 %).

INTERCONNECTED NETWORK ALLOWS EXCHANGE BALANCE

OF COUNTRIES TO FLUCTUATE FROM YEAR TO YEAR

Even if the structure of exchanges is rather stable, the exchange balance of ENTSO-E countries can fluctuate due to border capaci-ties, market prices, market coupling and development of renewa-bles. In 2015, 12 countries within the ENTSO-E perimeter exported more than 10 % of their annual national generation to neighbour-ing countries. Fourteen other countries of ENTSO-E imported more than 10 % of their annual internal consumption needs from other ENTSO-E countries.

Exporting countries were mainly situated along a North-East to South-West axis, which is characterised by an energy mix based on hydro, coal and renewables. The ENTSO-E area had an export bal-ance (6 TWh) in 2015.

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

TWh

3400

3250

3200

3150

3300

3350

3100

3 3503 322

3 288 3 278

3 234


EVOLUTION OF OVERALL ENTSO-E CONSUMPTION

YEARLY ENERGY CONSUMPTION

In 2015, ENTSO-E consumption reached 3,278 TWh, which repre-sents a 1.4 % increase compared to the previous year. The follow-ing reasons may explain this increase:

• Meteorology: average 2015 temperatures were lower at the beginning of the year, and higher in summer;

• Economy: the GDP rose by 1.8 % in the EU28 over 2015 compared to 2014 (Source: Eurostat).

We observe an increasing use of electricity (e. g., electric vehicles), despite improvements in energy efficiency of buildings, lighting and appliances.

Yearly energy consumption in TWh

2. CONSUMPTION

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

GW

560

530

520

510

540

550

500

533

557

529 528

522

≥ 4 %

≥ 2 % and < 4 %

≥ 0.5 % and < 2 % ≤ - 4 %

≤ - 2 % and > - 4 %

≤ - 0.5 % and > - 2 %

stable

2.6 %

0.8 %

-1.3 %

-2.2 %

1.3 %

2.8 %-1.7 %

1.7 %3.9 %

2.8 %3.1 %

2.9 %3.3 %

5.8 %

-5.6 %

1.6 %

5.0 %

1.9 %3.2 %

1.8 %

1.6 %

1.2 %

1.7 %

1.0 %0.7 %2.2 %

-3.4 %

0.8 %

3.0 %

3.0 %

1.1 %

3.7 %

0.3 %

1.9 %

5.1 %


EVOLUTION OF CONSUMPTION

PER COUNTRY

The majority of ENTSO-E countries observed an increase of their consumption between 2014 and 2015. For some countries, particu-larly France, where electric heating is important, this increase can mainly be explained by colder winter weather conditions.

EVOLUTION OF ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION

BETWEEN 2014 AND 2015

Maximum peak load in GW

Estimated amount of own consumption is included.

PEAK LOAD

Associated with the cold snap of February 2015, the peak load was higher than 2014 and reached 528 GW on 5 February 2015. This peak is comparable to the 2013 peak, and is still 30 GW lower than the peak load registered during the cold period of February 2012.

GW

500

300

350

200

250

100

150

50

’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15

400

450

0

hydro (incl. ren. hydro)

nuclear

fossil fuels

renewable (excl. ren. hydro)

46 %

22 % 20 %

12 %

197

201

201

202

202

126

126

126

126

125

447 465

461

453

441

153 19

6 218 238 25

9

5 5 1 2 4

non identifiable

GW

500

300

350

200

250

100

150

50

’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15

400

450

0


nuclear

fossil fuels


46 %

22 % 20 %

12 %

197

201

201

202

202

126

126

126

126

125

447 465

461

453

441

153 19

6 218 238 25

9

5 5 1 2 4

non identifiable


EVOLUTION OF OVERALL ENTSO-E NET GENERATING CAPACITY

By the end of 2015, total ENTSO-E NGC was 1,030 GW. Whilst NGC was stable with respect to nuclear and hydro, non-hydro renewable energy sources increased by 20 GW (+ 8.6 % compared

to 2014), and represented 25.1 % of total NGC of ENTSO-E. In contrast, fossil fuel NGC decreased by 3.3 %.

Net generating capacity from 2011 to 2015 in GW Net generating capacity in 2015

3. GENERATION

TWh

1800

1200

1400

800

1000

400

600

200

1600

0

41 %

17 % 17 %

25 %

517

567

569

590

608

887

862

857

859

836

1641

1562

1420

1344

1361 11 10 10 3 12

323 38

243

847

0 553


nuclear

fossil fuels

non identifiable


46 %

’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15

TWh

1800

1200

1400

800

1000

400

600

200

1600

0

41 %

17 % 17 %

25 %

517

567

569

590

608

887

862

857

859

836

1641

1562

1420

1344

1361 11 10 10 3 12

323 38

243

847

0 553


nuclear

fossil fuels

non identifiable


46 %

’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15


EVOLUTION OF OVERALL ENTSO-E ENERGY NET GENERATION

The low rainfall of 2015 affected hydro generation, which de-creased by 6.5 %. This decrease, coupled with the reduction of nuclear generation, was partially compensated by the increase

in renewable generation (+17.3 %), mainly driven by solar and wind, which increased by 24.6 % and 3.1 %, respectively. At the same time, fossil fuel generation increased by 1.1 %.

Energy net generation from 2011 to 2015 in TWh Energy net generation in 2015

≥ 30 %Share of the national generation:

≥ 20 % and < 30 %

≥ 10 % and < 20 %

no plant

< 10 %

95.9 %

25.4 %

34.5%

22.0 %

46.7 %

1.6 %4.1 %

17.0 %

26.8 %0.8 %

3.8 %

25.8 %39.9 %

13.8 %

30.7 %

14.3 %

50.1 %

16.5 %29.4 %

58.9%

2.1 %59.3 %

63.8 %59.9 %10.8 %

0.1 %

0 %

0.1 %

0.3 %

2.5 %

4.1 %

0.1 %

74.5 %

20.0 %

11.6 %

≥ 5 %

≥ 2 % and < 5 %

≥ 0.5 % and < 2 % ≤ - 5 %

≤ - 2 % and > - 5 %

≤ - 0.5 % and > - 2 %

stable

no plant

-0.1 %

4.2 %

5.1 %

-6.1 %

-4.5 %

-0.2 %0.1 %

0.1 %-0.8 %

-3.9 %-0.3 %

-5.3 %0.2 %

2.5 %

7.5 %

3.6 %

-1.3 %

-5.2 %-9.4 %

-9.5 %

0 %18.4 %

-4.9 %3.5 %-1.1 %

0 %

0 %

0.1 %

-0.3 %

0.1 %

0 %

2.3 %

-2.4 %

-4.3 %


NET GENERATION PER COUNTRY

HYDRO ENERGY

In Europe, hydro power plants are concentrated in the transal-pine range, the Carpathians and the Scandinavian countries, where hydro generation represents up to 96 % of total national

generation. Although hydro capacities have not significantly evolved further, generation is highly dependent on rainfall, which differs from one country to the next.

SHARE OF HYDRO ENERGY NET GENERATION IN 2015 EVOLUTION OF HYDRO COVERAGE RATIO IN PERCENTAGE POINT

A percentage point (pp) is the arithmetic difference between two percentages

(for example going from 4 % to 7 % is a 3 percentage point increase).


≥ 20 % and < 30 %

≥ 10 % and < 20 %

no plant

< 10 %

34.1%

34.3 %

14.9 %

0 %

56.1 %

32.1 %

54.9 %

32.7 %

17.3 %38.8 %

37.6 %

33.5 %76.3 %

3.9 %20.3 %

20.6 %

≥ 5 %

≥ 2 % and < 5 %

≥ 0.5 % and < 2 % ≤ - 5 %

≤ - 2 % and > - 5 %

≤ - 0.5 % and > - 2 %

stable

no plant

-6.8 %

-0.5 %

0 %

-1.1 %

-3.1 %-0.9 %

-3.2 %

-1.2 %-0.4 %1.6 %

-9.8 %

1.3 %

-4.4 %-0.6 %

-0,4 %

0.1 %


NUCLEAR ENERGY

The total nuclear NGC has been rather stable in ENTSO-E, despite the fact that power plant generation can fluctuate, depending on availability. For example, the unavailability of some reactors in Belgium led to a significant drop of nuclear generation, compared to 2014.

The decreases in nuclear NGC have mainly been linked to shutdowns, such as:

• 1.3 GW in Germany (Grafenrheinfeld) • 0.5 GW in Great Britain (Wylfa)

SHARE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY NET GENERATION IN 2015 EVOLUTION OF NUCLEAR COVERAGE RATIO IN PERCENTAGE POINT


≥ 20 % and < 30 %

≥ 10 % and < 20 %

no plant

< 10 %

2.4 %

20.6 %

49.1 %

50.5 %

2.4 %

86.7 %55.0 %

18.1 %

40.5 %34.0 %

54.3 %

74.2 %60.1 %

47.3 %

66.9 %

64.1 %

49.9 %

94.8 %

60.0 %28.1 %

32.9 %

40.0 %31.2 %

24.8 %3.3 %6.2 %

38.1 %

85.2 %

83.7 %

58.7 %70.7 %

77.2 %

49.5 %

43.0 %

≥ 5 %

≥ 2 % and < 5 %

≥ 0.5 % and < 2 % ≤ - 5 %

≤ - 2 % and > - 5 %

≤ - 0.5 % and > - 2 %stable

no plant /no data

0 %

0 %

0 %

0.1 %

-4.7 %

4.8 %

2.8 %

-2.3 %

2.3 %

-0.2 %

0.3 %

2.5 %

5.3 %

-9 %

-5.5 %

0.1 %7.8 %

8.9 %

6.0 %

6.9 %-1.5 %

-18.7 %

4.5 %0.3 %1.5 %

-9.6 %-3.5 %

-3.4 %

1.6 %-8.7 %

-4.3 %

13.3 %

5.7 %

-1.0 %


FOSSIL FUEL

Historically, fossil fuels have been the main electricity generation source for countries with no hydro resources or nuclear plants. In recent years, the share of electricity generation from fossil fuels has decreased in all European countries, associated with the de-velopment of RES generation, and the shutdown of some thermal

plants which do not meet European environmental standards. However, in 2015, fossil fuel generation increased, mainly due to a decrease in hydro and nuclear generation.

SHARE OF FOSSIL FUELS ENERGY NET GENERATION IN 2015 EVOLUTION OF FOSSIL FUELS COVERAGE RATIO IN PERCENTAGE POINT


≥ 10 % and < 15 %

≥ 5 % and < 10 %

no plant/no data

< 5 %

1.7 %

3.6 %

2.7 %

17.5 %

10.5 %

6.9 %13.0 %

11.3 %

0 %

2.5%

0.7 %

3.2 %

2.4 %

9.0 %

5.2 %

5.5 %0 %

8.2 %

8.2 %3.7 %

6.4 %0.2 %3.9 %

51.1 %

6.9 %

7.7 %

16.2 %24.4 %

20.6 %

23.5 %

18.1 %

≥ 2 %

≥ 0.5 % and < 2 %

≥ 0.2 % and < 0.5 % ≤ - 2 %

≤ - 0.5 % and > - 2 %

≤ - 0.2 % and > - 0.5 %stable

no plant /no data

0.2 %

2.9 %

1.9 %

0.2 %

2.4 %

1.8 %

0.1 %0 %

0.1 %

1.2 %

1.6 %

1.8 %

-0.2 %2.2 %

1.7 %1.9 %

0.9 %

3.4 %

0.8 %0.1 %0.7 %

8.4 %3.5 %

2.5 %

0.8 %

0.1 %

7.0 %

-0.6 %

-1.1 %

1.0 %


WIND ENERGY

The evolution of electricity generated from wind (+24.5 %) is influenced by:

• the evolution of capacities, which are generally increasing throughout the ENTSO-E. Indeed, in 2015, wind NGC reached 136 GW (+10 %);• the weather conditions of a specific year and specific country.

In 2015, the wind generation of Germany, Spain and Great Britain accounted for 57 % of total wind generation of the ENTSO-E (310 TWh).

SHARE OF WIND ENERGY NET GENERATION IN 2015 EVOLUTION OF WIND COVERAGE RATIO IN PERCENTAGE POINT


≥ 2 % and < 5 %

≥ 1 % and < 2 %

no plant/no data

< 1 %

1.6 %

6.1 %

3.2 %

2.2 %2.9 %

3.1 %

8.6 %

8.9 %1.8%

4.7 %3.8 %

1.4 %

2.3 %

2.2 %

0.1 %

1.6 %

5.0 %

≥ 1 %

≥ 0.5 % and < 1 %

≥ 0.1 % and < 0.5 % ≤ - 1 %

≤ - 0.5 % and > - 1 %

≤ - 0.1 % and > - 0.5 %stable

no plant /no data

-0.2 %

0,3 %

0,4 %

0.1 %

0.1 %

0.3 %

0.5 %0.1 %

0.5 %0 %

0.3 %

0.8 %

0.2 %

0 %

0.4 %

1.6 %

0.1 %


SOLAR ENERGY

Solar energy generation rose by 6 % in 2015. Similar to wind, it was triggered by an increase in capacity (+7 %) and weather

conditions. Germany, Italy and Spain represent 71 % of total ENTSO-E solar generation (102 TWh).

SHARE OF SOLAR ENERGY NET GENERATION IN 2015 EVOLUTION OF SOLAR COVERAGE RATIO IN PERCENTAGE POINT


≥ 20 % and < 30 %

≥ 10 % and < 20 %

< 10 %

110.3 %

35.9 %

38 %

14.8 %

73.9 %

13.0 %32.0 %

22.7 %

47.5 %7.4 %

14.0 %

25.3 %46.9 %

26.1 %

1.6 %

18.7 %

0 %

5.2 %

33.9 %31.5 %

37.9 %

15.9 %5.2 %

56.2 %3.4 %19.0 %

52.6 %

10.1 %

18.2 %

18.8 %

100 %

28.1 %

20.9 %

47.3 %

35.7 %


RENEWABLE NET GENERATION PER COUNTRY

Renewable generation covers 31.8 % of overall ENTSO-E electricity consumption. Without hydro generation, renewable generation, mainly solar and wind, represents 16.9 % of total ENTSO-E con-sumption.

SHARE OF CONSUMPTION COVERED BY RENEWABLE GENERATION IN 2015


4. EXCHANGES

≤ - 30 TWh

Exporting balance: Importing balance:

≤ - 15 TWh and > - 30 TWh

≤ - 1 TWh and > - 15 TWh ≥ 30 TWh

≥ 15 TWh and < 30 TWh

≥ 1 TWh and < 15 TWhbalanced

isolated

-14.6

-22.6

-0.9

0.1

16.3

1.8

7.2

-0.3-51.8

-12.5

13.7

2.4

-0.8-2.1

-10.5

-6.7

9.6

2.50.6

7.6

21.05.6

10.1-0.3-63.7

4.9

8.7

0.7

19.0

46.4

0.7

2.3

-0.1

more exporting

Balance: Balance:

less exporting

becomes exporting more importing

less importing

becomes importingstable

isolated


EXCHANGE BALANCES IN 2015 EVOLUTION OF EXCHANGE BALANCES BETWEEN 2014 AND 2015

EXCHANGE BALANCES PER COUNTRY

The exchange balance of a country can fluctuate from year to year, linked to border capacities, market coupling and price influences, even if some countries are structurally importing or exporting. The balance of electricity exchanges is the balance between the energy physically flowing in and out of a country. It equates to the balance

of commercial transactions of each country (exports minus im-ports). However, in an interconnected system where electricity dis-perses through various paths, the energy’s physical flow through a specific border between two countries usually differs from the commercial energy transactions between these two countries.

≥ 10 % of its consumptionImports:

≥ 5 % and < 10 % of its consumption

< 5 % of its consumption

isolated/no data

98.0 %

96.2 %

98.8 %

80.5 %

33.9 %

67.6 %

65.9 %

77.7 %

99.7 %

100 %

100 %

98.9 %

99.9 %

99.9 %

94.5 %

94.5 %

55.1 %

41.1 %

75.5 %

81.8 %

85.7 %99.1 %

81.1 %

91.8 %98.7 %

82.8 %

78.8 %

91.1 %

81.4 %90.8 %

97.4 %

93.6 %

SHARE OF YEARLY CONSUMPTION COVERED BY NATIONAL GENERATION

≥ 10 % of its generationExports:

≥ 5 % and < 10 % of its generation

< 5 % of its generation

isolated/no data

11.5 %

11.0 %

0.1 %

0 %

0 %

0 %

1.4 %

10.6 %

8.3 %

5.0 %

0.2 %

0.3 %

1.8 %

1.8 %

1.1 %6.8 %

11.6 %

9.9 %

11.3 %17.0 %

0.2 %

51.7 %

1.9 %

16.1 %

8.8 %15.5 %10.8 %

10.8 %

1.1 %

29.1 %

4.6 %

2.5 %

SHARE OF YEARLY GENERATION EXPORTED


These two Figures are based on “net exports” and “net imports” calculations, ex-

cluding transit and loop flows. Net balance of exchanges per country are calculated

on an hourly basis.

Adding net balances separately, whether positive or negative, gives the amount of

net exports and imports of the country. Exports and imports can be driven by mar-

ket conditions or adequacy needs.

EXPORTED GENERATION

The share of electricity generation of a country which is physically exported to its neighbours, is the ratio between the country’s net exports and generation. In 2015, 12 countries of ENTSO-E’s perim-eter exported more than 10 % of their annual national generation to neighbouring countries. This includes exchanges of each coun-try with its neighbours, both within and outside of ENTSO-E.

CONSUMPTION FROM

NATIONAL GENERATION

For each country, the ratio between its imports and its consump-tion represents the share of its yearly consumption, which is covered by physical imports from its neighbours. In 2015, 14 ENTSO-E countries imported more than 10 % of their annual internal consumption needs from other ENTSO-E countries.


APPENDIX: DATA SOURCES AND REFERENCES

SOURCE OF DATA:

Data for 2015 is taken from ENTSO-E’s monthly statistics, whereas data from 2014 is based on ENTSO-E’s yearly statistics. Data used for consumption, generation and exchange balance figures in Chapters 2, 3 and 4, page 17 is taken from ENTSO-E’s data portal: www.entsoe.eu/data/data-portal/

Data used for “net export” and “net import” calculations in Chapter 4, page 18 is taken from the ENTSO-E transparency platform (data pre-5.1.15): https://transparency.entsoe.eu/

Pages 10 to 14: A percentage point (pp) is the arithmetic difference between two percentages ( for example going from 4 % to 7 % is a 3 percentage point increase). In this document, all percentage points represent the evolution of coverage rate.

OTHER RELATED ENTSO-E PUBLICATIONS:

Monthly statistics: www.entsoe.eu/publications/statistics/monthly-statistics/

Statistical Factsheet: www.entsoe.eu/publications/general-publications/memo-entso-e-facts-figures/

Yearly Statistics & Adequacy Retrospect (YS&AR): www.entsoe.eu/publications/statistics/statistical-yearbooks/

CONTRIBUTORS

This publication, mainly based on data collected by ENTSO-E Statistical Data Correspondents, has been written by Data Expert Group Members:

Apostolos Anagnostou (IPTO SA) Alexandre Cadet (RTE) Zdeněk Fučik (ČEPS) Lukasz Jeźyński (PSE) Raymond Kok (TenneT NL) Nikolaos Kouveliotis (IPTO SA)

Philippe Lagarrigue (ENTSO-E) Roberto de la Fuente (REE) Erik Pharabod (RTE) Cristian Radoi (Transelectrica) Ernst Reittinger-Hubmer (APG) Florian Schwaiger (TenneT GER)

IMPRINT

PUBLISHER :

ENTSO-E aisbl,

Avenue de Cortenbergh 100

1000 Brussels – Belgium

DESIGN:

DreiDreizehn GmbH, Berlin

www.313.de

Publishing date : June 2016

European Network ofTransmission System Operatorsfor Electricity

CONTACT

ENTSO-E AISBL

Avenue de Cortenbergh 100

1000 Brussels – Belgium

Tel + 32 2 741 09 50

Fax + 32 2 741 09 51

info @ entsoe.eu

www.entsoe.eu

electricity in europe 2015 - european network of ... · 2| entso-e electricity in europe 2015...

Documents