electric circuits -...

Electric Circuits (Fall 2015) Pingqiang Zhou

Electric Circuits

Lecture 1 - Introduction

Instructor: Dr. Pingqiang Zhou

Fall 2015

Lecture 1 1


Lecture 1 2

Course Overview

• First core course of SIST (EECS)

Introduces “hardware” side of EECS

• Prerequisite for all subsequent EE courses

• Involves (per week) at least

4 hours of lecture

2 hours of discussion

3 hours of lab


Lecture 1 3

Instructor

• Dr. Pingqiang Zhou

• Lecture

Tuesday, 10:15AM – 11:55AM

Thursday, 13:00PM – 14:40PM

Venue: Teaching building 306

• Office hours

TBD


Lecture 1 4

GSIs - Discussion

• Class 1, Mon. 8:15AM - 9:55AM

GSI: 曹阳阳<[email protected]>

• Class 2, Wed. 8:15AM - 9:55AM

GSI: 商德佳 <shangdj>

• Class 3, Fri. 8:15AM - 9:55AM

GSI: 赵晖<zhaohui>

• Class 4, Fri. 10:15AM - 11:55AM

GSI: 张久鑫<zhangjx1>

GSI - Graduate Student Instructors


Lecture 1 5

GSIs - Lab

• Class 1, Mon. 1PM - 3:45PM

GSI: 刘圣波 <liushb>

• Class 2, Mon. 5:45PM - 8:20PM

GSI: 黄景林 <huangjl>

• Class 3, Fri. 1PM - 3:45PM

GSI: 陈晨<chenchen2>

• Class 4, Fri. 5:45PM - 8:20PM

GSI: 孙天宇<sunty>


Lecture 1 6

Workload

• 12 homeworks

• 12 labs

NO late HW or Lab reports accepted!

• 2 midterms + 1 final exam

Midterm 1: week 6 (tentative)

Midterm 2: week 12 (tentative)

Notify the instructor immediately if you miss an exam due to an

unforeseeable event, and submit a note from your physician in

case of illness.

NO make-up exams!

• Quizzes Quizzes are held in-class and will not be announced. There won’t

be any makeup quizzes.


Lecture 1 7

Grading Policy

• Homeworks: 12 x 2% = 24%

• Labs: 12 x 2% = 24%

• Midterms: 2 x 16% = 32%

• Final: 20%

• Quiz scores may be used for rounding to the nearest letter

grade.

• A typical GPA for courses in the lower division is 2.7. This

GPA would result, for example, from 17% A's, 50% B's,

20% C's, 10% D's, and 3% F's.


Lecture 1 8

Classroom Rules

• Please come to class on time.

• Turn off cell phones, radio, CD, etc.

• No food and no pets.

• Do not move in and out of, or around the classroom.


Lecture 1 9

Course Website

• http://sist.shanghaitech.edu.cn/faculty/zhoupq/Teaching/Fall15/Electric_Circuits.html

http://sist.shanghaitech.edu.cn/faculty/zhoupq/Teaching/Fall15/Electric_Circuits.html


Lecture 1 10

Outline

• Brief introduction to Electrical Engineering (EE)

• EE courses in SIST

• Topics covered in this course


Lecture 1 11

What is Electrical Engineering (EE)?

• “EE is the profession concerned with systems that

produce, transmit, and measure electric signals. Electrical

engineering combines the physicist’s models of natural

phenomena with the mathematician’s tools for

manipulating those models to produce systems that meet

practical needs.” James W. Nilsson and Susan Riedel, Electric Circuits, 10th edition, Prentice

Hall, 2014.

• “Electrical engineers design systems that have two main

objectives:

1.To gather, store, process, transport, and present information.

2.To distribute, store, and convert energy between various forms.”

Allan R. Hambley, Electrical Engineering – Principles and Applications, 5th

edition, Prentice Hall, 2011.


Major Areas of

Electrical Engineering

(EE)

12Lecture 1


Lecture 1 13

Communication Systems

• Transport information in electrical form.

[Source: Google Image]


Lecture 1 14

Signal Processing

• Concerned with information-bearing electrical signals

Objective: extract useful information from electrical signals

derived from sensors.



Lecture 1 15

Computer Systems

• Process and store information using electrical signals.



Lecture 1 16

Control Systems

• Use electric signals to regulate processes.



Lecture 1 17

Electromagnetics

• Study and application of electric and magnetic fields.



Lecture 1 18

Electronics

• Study and application of materials, devices and circuits

used in amplifying and switching electrical signals.



Lecture 1 19

Photonics

• An exciting new field that manipulates photons, instead of

manipulating electrons in conventional computing, signal

processing, sensing and communication.



Lecture 1 20

Power Systems

• Convert energy to and from electrical form and transmit

energy over long distances.



Lecture 1 21

The “Smart” Grid




Lecture 1 22

EE = Electrical Engineering?

Electronics

Photonics

Electromagnetics

Communications

ComputerSystems

PowerSystems

SignalProcessing

ControlSystems


Some History of


23Lecture 1


Lecture 1 24

Back to the Early 17th Century

• William Gilbert (1544 - 1603), English

First (?) electrical engineer - Designed versorium, a device to

detect the presence of static electric charge.

Established the term electricity.

[Source: Wikipedia]


Lecture 1 25

• Alessandro Volta (1745 – 1827), Italian

In 1775, devised electrophorus, a

device that can produce static electric

charge.

In 1796, developed voltaic pile, the first

electrical battery.

[Source: Wikipedia]


Lecture 1 26

• Andre-Marie Ampere (1775 - 1836), French

The father of electrodynamics (classical electromagnetism)

In the1820s, defined the electric current and developed a

way to measure it.


Lecture 1 27

• Georg Simon Ohm (1789 - 1854), German

In 1827, quantified the relationship between the electric

current and potential difference in a conductor, i.e., the

“Ohm’s law”.

[Source: Wikipedia]


Lecture 1 28

• Michael Faraday (1791 - 1867), English

In 1831, discovered electromagnetic induction.

One of Faraday's 1831 experiments demonstrating

induction. The liquid battery (right) sends an electric

current through the small coil (A). When it is moved

in or out of the large coil (B), its magnetic field

induces a momentary voltage in the coil, which is

detected by the galvanometer (G).

[Source: Wikipedia]


Lecture 1 29

Alternating Current (AC)

• Hippolyte Pixii (French, 1808 - 1835)

In 1832, built an early form of AC electrical generator, based

on the principle of magnetic induction discovered by Faraday.

[Source: Wikipedia]


Lecture 1 30

• James Clerk Maxwell (1831 - 1879), Scottish

Formulated the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation

(Maxwell’s equations)

The electromagnetic waves that compose

electromagnetic radiation can be imagined as a

self-propagating transverse oscillating wave of

electric and magnetic fields.

This diagram shows a plane linearly polarized

EMR wave propagating from left to right. The

electric field is in a vertical plane and the

magnetic field in a horizontal plane. The electric

and magnetic fields in EMR waves are always in

phase and at 90 degrees to each other.

[Source: Wikipedia]


Lecture 1 31

In 1830s, Electricity for Practical Use

• Cooke and Wheatstone’s

first commercial telegraph in

the world (1838), installed on

the Great Western Railway

(London, 21km).A Morse key

Major telegraph lines across the Earth in 1891

• Morse and Vail’s system

Patented in the US in 1837.

West coast connected by

1861.

[Source: Wikipedia]


Lecture 1 32

Bell (Scottish, 1847 - 1922)

• Alexander Graham Bell was the

first to be awarded a patent for the

electric telephone by the United

States Patent and Trademark

Office (USPTO) in March 1876.

• 10 March 1876 — The first

successful telephone transmission

of clear speech using a liquid

transmitter when Bell spoke into

his device, “Mr. Watson, come

here, I want to see you.” and

Watson heard each word distinctly.

[Source: Wikipedia]


Lecture 1 33

Tesla (Croatia, 1856 - 1885)

• Best known for his contributions to the design of the modern

alternating current (AC) electricity supply system.

• In 1891 Nikola Tesla demonstrate wireless transmission of

signals and he suggested wireless telegraphy as an

application.

AC electric generator Artificial lighting Wireless transmission

[Source: Wikipedia]


Lecture 1 34

Wireless/Radio

• Started as wireless telegraphy.

The history of the invention of

the radio is very disputed.

• Guglielmo Marconi (Italian,

1874 - 1937) widely recognized

as an early inventor although

he played a more important

role in commercializing the

radio.

In 1895, he sent signals 1.5km.

Transatlantic in 1902.

Wireless /Radio

! Started as wireless telegraphy. The history

of the invention of the radio is very

disputed.

! Marconi widely recognized as an early

inventor although he played a more

important role in commercializing the

radio. In 1895 he sent signals 1.5 km.


Copyright © Prof. Ali M Niknejad

Wireless /Radio

! Started as wireless telegraphy. The history

of the invention of the radio is very

disputed.

! Marconi widely recognized as an early

inventor although he played a more

important role in commercializing the

radio. In 1895 he sent signals 1.5 km.



[Source: Wikipedia]


Lecture 1 35

Titanic Boost in Radio

• In 1912, the RMS Titanic sank

in the northern Atlantic Ocean.

• Wireless radio transmissions

(telegraph) were used to report

the ship’s location.

• Britain's postmaster-general

summed up, referring to the

Titanic disaster, “Those who

have been saved, have been

saved through one man, Mr.

Marconi...and his marvelous

invention.”

Titanic Boost in Radio

! In 1912, the RMS Titanic sank

in the northern Atlantic Ocean.

! Wireless radio transmissions

(telegraph) were used to report

the ship’s location.

! Britain's postmaster-general

summed up, referring to the

Titanic disaster, “Those who

have been saved, have been

saved through one man, Mr.

Marconi...and his marvellous

invention.”

Copyright © Prof. Ali M Niknejad [Source: Wikipedia]


Lecture 1 36

First Audio Transmissions

• Reginald Fessenden: Invented

amplitude-modulated (AM) radio, so

that more than one station can send

signals (as opposed to spark-gap radio,

where one transmitter covers the entire

bandwidth of the spectrum).

• On Christmas Eve 1906, Reginald

Fessenden made the first radio audio

broadcast, from Brant Rock, MA.

• Ships at sea heard a broadcast that

included Fessenden playing O Holy

Night on the violin and reading a

passage from the Bible.

First Audio Transmissions

! Reginald Fessenden: Invented

amplitude-modulated (AM) radio,

so that more than one station can

send signals (as opposed to spark-

gap radio, where one transmitter

covers the entire bandwidth of the

spectrum).

! On Christmas Eve 1906, Reginald

Fessenden made the first radio

audio broadcast, from Brant Rock,

MA. Ships at sea heard a

broadcast that included Fessenden

playing O Holy Night on the

violin and reading a passage from

the Bible. Copyright © Prof. Ali M Niknejad

[Source: Wikipedia]


Lecture 1 37

AM/FM Wireless Radio

• The dominant telegraph company of the time was

Western Union. They had a monopoly on telegraphy and

they dismissed telephony and radio.

• Telegraph gave way to audio transmission, mainly phone

lines and broadcast radio.

• Frequency modulation (FM) was invented by Armstrong in

1935. FM has greater noise immunity than AM but

requires more bandwidth.

AM/FM Wireless Radio

! The dominant telegraph company of the time was Western

Union. They had a monopoly on telegraphy and they

dismissed telephony and radio.

! Telegraph gave way to audio transmission, mainly phone

lines and broadcast radio.

! Frequency modulation (FM) was invented by Armstrong in

1935. FM has greater noise immunity than AM but

requires more bandwidth.


[Source: Berkeley]


Lecture 1 38

Digital Communications

• By sampling a signal and quantizing it (turning it into finite

precision numbers), we can easily store it using digital

technology and we can also transmit it digitally.

• Audio signals, for example, need to be sampled at about

20,000 times per second and with a resolution of around

18 bits to completely retain the fidelity of the signal (for the

human ear)

• Today information is still transmitted with AM and FM, but

the amplitude and phase of the signal are mapped into a

finite alphabet. These digital signals are more noise

immune and can be coded (guarded) to prevent, correct,

and detect errors in transmission.


Lecture 1 39

The TransistorThe Transistor

! Invented at Bell Laboratories on December 16, 1947 by

William Shockley (seated at Brattain's laboratory bench),

John Bardeen (left) and Walter Brattain (right)

! Inventors awarded Nobel Prize

! Probably the most important even in EE history


• Invented at Bell Laboratories on December 16, 1947 by William Shockley

(seated at Brattain's laboratory bench), John Bardeen (left) and Walter

Brattain (right).

▪ Inventors awarded Nobel Prize.

• Probably the most important event in Electronic Engineering history.

[Source: Berkeley]


Lecture 1 40

Early Transistors

• Bell labs was the research lab of a

telephone company. As such the

importance of the transistor was not

recognized by many of the business folks

at AT&T.

• Device was flaky and low power

compared to vacuum tubes, the

workhorse device of the time (for signal

amplification)

• In 1952 first transistorized radios appear.

Compared to vacuum tube, transistors

were compact.

• Transistor radio was a revolutionary

battery operated device.

Early Transistors

! Bell labs was the research lab of a

telephone company. As such the

importance of the transistor was not

recognized by many of the business

folks at AT&T.

! Device was flaky and low power

compared to vacuum tubes, the

workhorse device of the time (for signal

amplification)

! In 1952 first transistorized radios appear.

Compared to vacuum tube, transistors

were compact.

! Transistor radio was a revolutionary

battery operated device.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sanyo_Transistor.jpg!

[Source: Berkeley]


Lecture 1 41

The Integrated Circuit (IC)The Integrated Circuit

! First IC is invented by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and

Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor (later founded Intel)

! In his patent application of February 6, 1959, Kilby described

his new device as “a body of semiconductor material ... wherein

all the components of the electronic circuit are completely

integrated.” (2000 Nobel Prize in Physics) Copyright © Prof. Ali M Niknejad

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kilby_solid_circuit.jpg!

• First IC is invented by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of

Fairchild Semiconductor (later founded Intel).

• In his patent application of February 6, 1959, Kilby described his new device

as “a body of semiconductor material ... wherein all the components of the

electronic circuit are completely integrated.” (2000 Nobel Prize in Physics)

[Source: Berkeley]


Lecture 1 42

Why IC’s were Revolutionary?

• When building a complex

circuit, most of the failures

occur in the wiring and

connections of wires.

• Printed circuit boards help

improve reliability but they are

physically large and discrete

components are fairly

expensive.

• ICs: Low cost mass production,

monolithic, includes transistors

and interconnect.

Why IC’s were revolutionary:

! When building a complex

circuit, most of the

failures occur in the

wiring and connections

" spaghetti of wires

! Printed circuit boards

help improve reliability

but they are physically

large and discrete

components are fairly

expensive

! ICs: Low cost mass

production, monolithic,

includes transistors and

interconnect. Copyright © Prof. Ali M Niknejad

[Source: Berkeley]


Lecture 1 43

Outline





Lecture 1 44

EE Trichotomy

• Devices

You can “touch and feel” devices

Semiconductors are materials of choice

Information is ultimately represented by electrons (and

‘holes’) and/or photons

• Circuits

Interconnection of devices that performs a useful function

Digital circuits, analog circuits, “RF” and microwave

• Systems

The theory behind EE systems. A model for the system that

includes noise, non-linearity, feedback and dynamics.

Most often digital signal processing algorithms used.

[Source: Berkeley]


Lecture 1 45

Devices

• Devices: Physical stuff you can “touch and feel”

Manufacturing driven largely by integrated circuit (IC)

fabrication.

The building block of ICs: Transistors.

• Devices include electronic devices and optical devices

Electron (and “hole”) transport through metals and semiconductors

Semiconductors can be engineered to have specific properties.

(conductivity). The junction between two semiconducting materials

is where the magic happens.

Photons (light) used to carry information through waveguides (fiber

optics) or through electromagnetic radiation (radios, wireless).

Semiconductor junctions can generate photos or detect photons

(optical receivers, solar cells).

[Source: Berkeley]


Lecture 1 46

How does a Transistor Work?How does a transistor work?

! Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor sandwich. Usual structure is

actually polysilicon, silicon dioxide, silicon. (Note that the

original transistor fabricated was not an MOS device.)

! A “channel” for current flow can be setup between the drain/

source.

! The channel conduction (between drain and source) is controlled

by the gate voltage. Copyright © Prof. Ali M Niknejad

p-type substrate

n+ n+

source drain

diffusion regions

gate

body

p+

• Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor sandwich. Usual structure is actually polysilicon,

silicon dioxide, silicon. (Note that the original transistor fabricated was not an

MOS device.)

• A “channel” for current flow can be setup between the drain/ source.

• The channel conduction (between drain and source) is controlled by the gate

voltage.

[Source: Berkeley]


Lecture 1 47

MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanic Systems)

• Use the same technology for building chips but now build

mechanical structures!

Often older process nodes can be used which brings the cost down.

• Common MEMS devices include accelerometers for

automobile airbags and for devices such as the cell phone.

iPhone popularized the tilt function using an accelerometer.

• Active research on building high Q resonators with MEMS

technology for radio applications.

[Source: Wikipedia]


Lecture 1 48

Circuits

• When devices are interconnected to perform some useful

function, we say that thing is a circuit.

• Examples:

A light bulb/switch, spark generator in internal combustion

engine, a radio, a cell phone, a computer

• A typical “circuit” may contain millions of devices. How do

we deal with this level of complexity?

Hierarchy: Divide and conquer

A large circuit is broken up into my sub-blocks

Sub-blocks are broken up into sub-blocks ...

[Source: Berkeley]


Lecture 1 49

Analog Circuits

• Analog circuit represents the signal as an electrical

current/ voltage.

• Typical analog circuits:

Amplify signals (weak signal picked up by microphone)

Filter signals (remove unwanted components, interference,

noise)

Perform mathematical operations on waveform

–Multiplication, differentiation, integration.

• Circuits very susceptible to noise and distortion.

• Analog circuits are “hand crafted” by analog “designers”

• Attempts to automate analog design (Computer Aided

Design or CAD) have largely failed.

[Source: Berkeley]


Lecture 1 51

Digital Circuits

• Represent quantities by discrete voltages, “1” and “0” (e.g.

1V and 0V) – “bits”

• Digital circuits perform “logic” operations on the signals

(AND, OR, XOR) – “combinatorial logic”.

• Mathematical operations can be performed using logic

operations (XOR is a 1-bit adder).

• Digital memory created using capacitors (dynamic

memory) or through latches/flip-flops (regenerative circuits)

• Digital circuits are robust against noise (signal levels are

regenerated to “0” and “1” after digital functions).

• Digital circuits often “clocked” to simplify design.

[Source: Berkeley]


Lecture 1 52

Ripple Carry Adder

• The above circuit is a full adder. The input bits are A, B,

and Cin (carry in). The output is the sum S and Cout (carry

out).

• By chaining together many of these elements, we can

produce an adder of any desired precision.

Ripple Carry Adder

! The above circuit is a full adder. The input bits are A, B,

and Cin (carry in). The output is the sum S and Cout

(carry out).

! By chaining together many of these elements, we can

produce an adder of any desired precision.


[Source: Berkeley]


Lecture 1 53

Systems

• There is a strong theoretical foundation in EE that helps

engineers understand and improve electronic systems

What is the correct stochastic representation of signals?

How fast do you need to sample a signal in order to preserve its

content so you can process it digitally (Nyquist Sampling Theorem)?

How much information can be transmitted (without error) in a given

bandwidth (say your telephone cables) when we assume the

channel is corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise? ->

Shannon’s Famous Capacity Theorem

–Modems: 300-9600 baud, 28.8k, 56k

– Today: 1-10 Mbps+

How do you design a wireless system to contend with multi-path

propagation? What are the performance limits?

[Source: Berkeley]


Lecture 1 54

Digital Signal Processing

• A continuous time band-limited signal (audio, video, radio

signal) can be sampled at a rate of twice the highest

frequency of interest without any information loss.

• The discrete time representation of the signal can be

quantized (information loss) and stored in a computer.

These signals can be manipulated using Digital Signal

Processors (DSP) or custom IC’s to perform complex

mathematical operations.

Examples include echo cancellation, channel equalization,

compression, filtering.

• DSP allows extremely complex communication systems to

be realized using low cost hardware.

[Source: Berkeley]


Lecture 1 55

Image Compression

• A digital image contain redundancy. Simple

lossless compression schemes include run-

length coding. More sophisticated

compression schemes try to use only a few

bits for signals that occur often and many

bits for signals that occur rarely. This

process is automatically done using Hoffman

coding.

• Lossy compression throws away information,

but in a way so as to minimize the impact on

the quality of the signal.

• Images contain a lot of high frquency spatial

data that can be discarded (JPEG

compression).

Image Compression ! A digital image contain redundancy.

Simple lossless compression schemes

include run-length coding. More

sophisticated compression schemes try to

use only a few bits for signals that occur

often and many bits for signals that occur

rarely. This process is automatically

done using Hoffman coding.

! Lossy compression throws away

information, but in a way so as to

minimize the impact on the quality of the

signal.

! Images contain a lot of high frquency

spatial data that can be discarded (JPEG

compression).


Image Compression ! A digital image contain redundancy.

Simple lossless compression schemes

include run-length coding. More

sophisticated compression schemes try to

use only a few bits for signals that occur

often and many bits for signals that occur

rarely. This process is automatically

done using Hoffman coding.

! Lossy compression throws away

information, but in a way so as to

minimize the impact on the quality of the

signal.

! Images contain a lot of high frquency

spatial data that can be discarded (JPEG

compression).


[Source: Berkeley]


Lecture 1 56

MP3 Audio Files

• MP3 files take advantage of the psychoacoustic

properties of the human ear/mind to compress audio files

by an order of magnitude (An entire uncompressed CD

contains 700MB of data, or about 80 minutes of music.

You can get about 800 minutes after compression).

The signal is chopped up in the frequency domain into bins.

Each bin is coded with the number of bits commensurate

with the required resolution based on our hearing ability.

Examples: A strong tone can “jam” nearby tones. You can’t

hear a weak tone next to a strong tone.

• Early computers could not decompress MP3 in real time!

[Source: Berkeley]


Lecture 1 57

EE Courses offered in SIST

EE111 Electric Circuits

EE131 Semiconductor devices EE133/533 Optoelectronic devicesEE112 Electromagnetics

EE122 Digital CircuitsEE121 Analog Circuits EE113 Microwave Circuits

EE131/531 Analog IC EE132/532 Digital IC

EE143 Communication systems EE144 Communication networks

EE141 Signals and systems EE141/541 Digital signal processing

EE162 Control theory

EE161 Electric power systems

EE133 Power electronics

CS130/131/530 Computer architecture

EE534 VLSI design automation

EE543 Digital communications EE544 Wireless communications

EE545 Channel coding theory

EE546 Signal detection and parameter estimation

EE550 Linear systems EE551 Nonlinear systemsEE552 Stochastic control

EE540 Information theory

EE520 RF electronics


In a field as diverse as electrical

engineering, does all its branches

have anything in common?

58Lecture 1

Electric Circuit!- an actual electrical system, as

well as the model that represents it.


59Lecture 1


Lecture 1 60

Electrical Engineering Design

Need

Design specification

ConceptCircuit

Model

(ideal

compon

ents)Physical

Prototype

(actual

electrical

system)

Physical

insight

Circuit

analysis

Circuit which

meets design

specifications

Refinement based

on analysis

Laboratory

measurements

Refinement based

on measurements

[Nilsson: Electric Circuits]

• An ideal circuit component:

mathematical model of an

actual electrical component.

• Circuit analysis plays a very

important role in the design

process.


Lecture 1 61

Outline





Lecture 1 62

What will You Learn from “Electric Circuits”?

• An electric circuit is an interconnection of electrical

elements.

• Theory: You will learn various analysis methods in

lectures to analyze the behavior of such electric circuits.

How does the circuit respond to a given input?

How do the elements and devices in the circuit interact?

• Practice: You will also learn how to build and test basic

electric circuits through labs and projects!


Textbook

• Charles K. Alexander and Matthew N. O. Sadiku,

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits, 5th edition, McGraw Hill,

2012.

6Lecture 1


References

• James W. Nilsson and Susan Riedel, Electric Circuits, 10th edition, Prentice Hall,

2014.

• Allan R. Hambley, Electrical Engineering – Principles and Applications, 5th

edition, Prentice Hall, 2011.

• Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, Foundations of Analog and Digital Electronic

Circuits, Morgan Kaufmann, 2005.

6Lecture 1


Lecture 1 65

Topics Covered in This Course (Tentative)

• Intro to circuits: currents, voltages; power/energy; circuit elements

• DC circuits

Basic circuit laws (Ohm, Kirchhoff, Wye-Delta etc.)

Circuit analysis: nodal analysis and mesh analysis

Circuit theorems: Thevenin, Norton, Superposition

Operational amplifiers: ideal, inverting/non-inverting, summing and

difference)

Inductance, capacitance and mutual inductance

First-order and second-order circuits

• AC circuits

Sinusoidal steady-state analysis and power calculations

Three-phase circuits; magnetically coupled circuits

Frequency response: transfer function; resonance; filters

• Laplace transform, Fourier transform

• Two-port networks


Lecture 1 66

Next Lecture and Reminders

• Next lecture

Thursday

• Reading assignment

Ch. 1 (of text)

• Reminders

HW1 will be out by this weekend

–due Oct. 8

Lab1 is on going

Lab2 will be posted by this weekend

electric circuits -...

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