einführung in die genetik - plant developmental...
TRANSCRIPT
Einführung in die Genetik
Prof. Dr. Kay Schneitz (EBio Pflanzen)http://[email protected]
Prof. Dr. Claus Schwechheimer (PlaSysBiol)http://wzw.tum.de/[email protected]
Übung zur Genetikvorlesung (HS 17)
09.03. - 13.03.9.00 h - 16.00 h
Tutorium zur Übung (HS 17)14.03.
9.00 h -
Gemeinsame Klausur VL und Übung (HS 14)14.03.
13.00 h - 14.30 h
Einführung in die Genetik - InhalteEinführung in die Genetik - InhalteEinführung in die Genetik - Inhalte1 Einführung 15. 10. 13 KS2 Struktur von Genen und Chromosomen 22. 10. 13 KS3 Genfunktion 29. 10. 13 KS4 Transmission der DNA während der Zellteilung 05. 11. 13 KS5 Vererbung von Einzelgenveränderungen 12. 11. 13 KS6 Genetische Rekombination (Eukaryonten) 19. 11. 13 KS7 Genetische Rekombination (Bakterien/Viren) 26. 11. 13 KS8 Rekombinante DNA-Technologie 03. 12. 13 CS9 Kartierung/Charakterisierung ganzer Genome 10. 12. 13 CS
10 Genmutationen: Ursache und Reparatur 17. 12. 13 CS11 Veränderungen der Chromosomen 07. 01. 14 CS12 Genetische Analyse biologischer Prozesse 14. 01. 14 CS13 Transposons bei Eukaryonten 21. 01. 14 CS14 Regulation der Zellzahl 28. 01. 14 CS15 Regulation der Genexpression 04. 02. 14 KS
Genetic analysisGenetics 12
Based on Chapter 4 (9th or10th ed.)
Summary • Model organisms
• Genetic screen vs. genetic selection
• Choice of the mutagen
• Types of mutations (amorph, hypomorph, hypermorph, neomorph)
• Recombination and linkage (gene order, recombination frequency, cM, M.U.)
• Test crosses (concept of the tester)
• Phenotypic markers
• Molecular markers (SNPs, RFLP, mini- and microsatellites)
• Insertional mutagenesis (forward genetics)
Figure 4-8
For linked genes, recombinant frequencies areless than 50 percent
Transposons in eukaryotesGenetics 13
Based on Chapter 16 (10th ed.) or Chapter 14 (9th edition)
Structure of transposons
Class II: DNA Transposons
Transposons and genome evolution
Discovery of transposons
Class I: Retrotransposons
Discovery of transposons
The maize laboratory of Rollins A. Emerson at Cornell University
Model Organism: Maize
Analysis of maize chromosomes
The Ds transposable element helps cause breakage
Figure 14-2
Unusual phenotypes are caused by theDs transposable element
Figure 14-3a
Unusual phenotypes are caused by theDs transposable element
Figure 14-3b
Phenotypes produced by transposable elementsin corn kernels
Figure 14-4
Structure of transposons
Structural features of composite and simple transposons
Figure 14-6
Figure 14-7
An R plasmid may contain several transposonscarrying resistance genes
An inserted element is flanked by a short repeat
Figure 14-8
Two modes of transposition
Figure 14-9
Replicative transposition of Tn3
Figure 14-10
Class I: Retrotransposons
Life cycle of a retrovirus
Figure 14-11
Retrotransposons have features in common with retroviruses
Figure 14-12
A retrotransposon is transposed through an RNA intermediate
Figure 14-13
Demonstration of transposition through an RNA intermediate
Figure 14-14
Class II: DNA transposons
P-element structure
Figure 14-16
Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila led to the discovery of P elements
Figure 14-15
Figure 14-17
Insertion of P elements causes the mutations underlying hybrid dysgenesis
P elements can be engineered to transfer genes- Transposon tagging -
Figure 14-19
Activator transposase catalyzes excision and integration
Transposable elements at work in snapdragon
Figure 14-5
Transposons and genome evolution
Types of transposable elements in the human genome
Figure 14-20
LINE long interspersed elementSINE short interspersed element
Human genes contain many transposable elements
Figure 14-21
Transposable elements in grasses are responsible fordifferences in genome size
Figure 14-22
Transposable elements insert into “safe havens”
Figure 14-23a
Transposable elements insert into safe havens
Figure 14-23b
What you need to know and understand for
the exam and for your life....
... composite transposons, simple transposons
... transposons and resistance genes
...replicative and conservative transposition
...structure of retrotransposons (gag, pol, env)
...RNA-origin of retrotransposons (intron splicing)
...DNA transposons
...DNA transposons in the human genome (LINE, SINE, Alu)
...Ac/Ds transposons, P elements
...safe havens
The end