eh 205 fall 2009 cancer review session carlos o. mendivil-anaya, md
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EH 205 FALL 2009
Cancer review session
Carlos O. Mendivil-Anaya, MD
Neoplasia
Tumor
Cancer, carcinoma
Sarcoma
Lymphoma
Leukemia
New growth: Includes benign disease
Swelling: Includes benign disease
Malignancy of epithelial origin
Malignancy of mesothelial origin
Malignancy of lymphoid organs
Malignancy of blood cells (usually WBC)
Jargon
Lethality
Cancers with potential for screening
Breast
Cervical
Prostate
Colorectal
Mammography
Cervical smear cytology (Pap smear)
Serum PSA
Flexible sigmoidoscopyFecal occult blood test
Stages of cancer
Stages of cancer
The cell cycle
Genetic origin of cancer
(proto)Oncogenes Tumor suppressor
genes
Chemotherapy agents target the cell cycle
Genetic Predisposition (familiar mutations)
Chemical Carcinogenesis
Excessive hormonal stimulus
Ionizing Radiation
Light (Ultraviolet Radiation)
Repeated localized trauma
Tumor Viruses (Oncogenic viruses)
- HIV/Epstein-Barr virus
- Human Papilloma Virus
- Hepatitis B Virus
Etiology of cancer
Carcinogenic mechanism of retroviruses
The key role of angiogenesis
Some cancers are hormone-sensitive
And some others are driven by environmental factors
Metastases prefer some organs
Chemotherapy can be highly toxic