effect of weeding and row direction on rice

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Research & Reviews: Journal of Crop Science and Technology ISSN: 2319-3395(online)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Effect of Weeding Regime and Row Direction on

Growth and Yield of Rice in Bangladesh

M.A. Alam1, M.M.H. Tipu

2*, M.M.I. Chowdhury2, M.H. Rubel3, M. A. Razzak1 1Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Instutite (BSRI), Bangladesh

2Bangladesh Agricultural Research Instutite (BARI) , Bangladesh

3Noakhali Science & Technology University, Sonapur, Bangladesh

Abstract

Weeds are always a disturbing pest in crop field. The success of cultivation mainly depends on

proper management of weeds through different approaches. The study was conducted in boro

(dry) season during the period from November 2010 to May 2011 to investigate effect of row

direction and weeding regime on growth and yield of rice. The experiment was consisted of

ten weeding regimes and two row directions. Almost all growth parameters, crop characters

and yield parameters were influenced significantly due to weeding regimes and row

directions. Weeding at 15 days interval was found to produce the tallest plant (88.70 cm), the

greatest number of tiller hill-1

(14.79) and the longest panicle (23.87 cm) under East-West row

direction. The highest amount of total dry matter production (63.88 g) was found from

weeding at 15 days interval and East-West row direction at 60 days after transplanting. Grain

yield (4.46 t ha-1

) was 130% higher with weeding at 15 days interval over no weeding under

East-West row direction. East-West row direction also produced 46% higher straw yield (5.06

t ha-1

) from weeding at 15 days interval over no weeding.

Keywords: Rice, row direction, weeding regime, yield

*Author of correspondence E-mail: [email protected]

INTRODUCTION Rice is the main food crop of Bangladesh and

about eighty percent of her people depend on

agriculture, especially on rice cultivation. In

Bangladesh, rice cultivation covers 79% of the

total cropped area. Boro (dry) season rice

covers 35.69% of the total rice area and it

shares about 48.52% of the total rice

production [1]. Rice was cultivated in 4.15

million hectares of the area with 13.44 million

tons of production and the average yield was

3.24 t ha-1

during boro (dry) season [2]. The

yield of rice can be increased with improved

cultivation practice like optimum planting

time, planting density, fertilizer management,

adequate spacing, proper row direction and

weed management. It is often mentioned that,

"Agriculture is a fight against weeds" [3].

Among the factors, the infestation of weed is

one of the most important constraints in the

cultivation of crop [4,5]. The prevailing

climatic and edaphic factors of Bangladesh are

highly favourable for luxuriant growth of

numerous species of weeds which offer a keen

competition with rice crop [5]. Many

investigators reported a great loss in the yield

of rice due to weed infestation from different

parts of the world [6]. It was reported that

weeds may reduce the grain yield by 68-100%

in direct seeded Aus rice, 16-48% in Aman rice

and 22-36% in modern Boro rice [7]. Weed

depresses the normal yield of grains panicle-1

and grain weight [8]. Yield loss depends upon

some variables like magnitude of weed

infestation, type of weed species, time of

association with crops, fertilization,

competitive ability of the variety and cultural

management accomplished with control of the

pest [9]. A number of studies showed that

weed control through both traditional and

chemical methods influence plant height, tiller

number, crop growth rate, yield attributes and

yield of rice [10-12].

Proper row direction may help to produce

maximum Leaf Area Index (LAI), higher light

interceptions, etc. which are more congenial

for photosynthesis as well as higher yield of

rice. Row direction of rice may have a

remarkable influence on the yield and yield

Effect of Weeding Regime and Row Direction on Rice Alam et al.


components of rice [13]. Rice scientists

reported that East-West row direction showed

better performance over North-South row

direction [14]. Improper row orientation may

affect the physiological activities of rice plant

and can reduce potential yield by 15-25% [15].

So, adjustment of row direction is necessary to

eliminate light competition and to create

suitable micro-climate for obtaining the

maximum grain yield of rice through receiving

maximum solar radiation, thereby, increasing

photosynthesis. Researches on row direction in

rice are limited under Bangladesh condition.

Research on this aspect thus warrants due

attention. The present study was, therefore,

undertaken to analyze the effect of weeding

and row direction on growth and yield rice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was carried out at the

Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh

Agricultural University, Mymensingh during

boro (dry) season starting from November

2010 to May 2011. The soil belongs to the Old

Brahmaputra Floodplain agro-ecological zone,

having non-calcareous dark grey floodplain

soil [16]. Soil in the experimental fields at 015-cm depth was silt loam in texture with pH

of 6.2, organic carbon of 1.29%, sand of 32%,

silt of 60%, and clay of 8%. Weather

information regarding temperature, relative

humidity, rainfall and sunshine hours

prevailed at the experimental site during the

study period has been presented in Table 1.

Table 1: Monthly Air Temperature, Rainfall, Relative Humidity and Sunshine Hours During the

Growing Per from November 2010 to May 2011.

Month Air temperature (0c) Rainfall

(mm)

Relative humidity

(%)

Sunshine

(hrs.) Max. Min. Avg.

November 2010 28.98 16.87 22.93 14.00 82.86 224.80

December 2010 26.23 13.97 20.10 18.00 81.61 197.10

January 2011 23.72 12.49 18.00 3.40 80.86 138.80

February 2011 27.34 16.41 21.87 26.60 73.93 199.10

March 2011 29.61 20.57 25.09 83.60 80.61 171.50

April 2011 31.61 22.37 26.99 153.0 78.90 223.22

May 2011 30.42 22.42 26.42 453.4 82.61 192.39

The experiment consisted of ten weeding

regimes, viz. T1= Rifit 500 EC @ 1.0 l ha-1

,

T2= Sibafit 500EC @ 1.0 l ha-1

, T3= Rav

500EC @ 1.0 l ha-1

, T4= Ichlor 5G @ 1.0 l ha-

1, T5= Superhit 500EC @ 1.0 l ha

-1, T6=

Control (no weeding) T7= Weeding at 15 days

interval, T8= One time hand weeding at 25

DAT, T9= Two times hand weeding at 25 and

45 DAT, T10= Two times hand weeding at 35

and 55 DAT and two row directions, viz. S1=

East-West row direction, S2= North-South row

direction. Herbicides used in the experiment

were systemic and pre-emergence type. For

the hand weeding treatment, one hand weeding

was done on 25 DAT.

In the case of two times hand weeding, one

hand weeding treatment was done 25 DAT

followed by second hand weeding at 45 DAT.

For another two times hand weeding, one time

hand weeding was done 35 DAT followed by

second hand weeding at 55 DAT. For no weed

control treatment weeds were allowed to grow

in the plots from transplanting to harvesting of

the crop. But in Weeding at 15 days interval

treatment, plots were kept moderately weed

free up to harvesting by hand weeding at 15

days interval.

The experiment was laid out in a randomized

complete block design. There were 20

treatment combinations. The treatments were

replicated thrice. Each replication was divided

into 20 unit plots where the treatment

combinations were allocated at random. Thus

the total number of unit plots was 60. The size

of each unit plot was 4.0 m 2.5 m. Distance

maintained between unit plots and replications

were 0.75 m and 1 m, respectively. Rice

variety BRRI dhan29 was used as the

experimental material. Seeds of BRRI dhan29

were collected from Bangladesh Rice

Research Institute, Gazipur. The seeds were

sown in the nursery bed on 02 December 2010

with appropriate care. Fertilizers were applied

in the plots @ 120 kg ha-1

, 60 kg ha-1

, 40 kg

Research & Reviews: Journal of Crop Science and Technology

Volume 4, Issue 2

ISSN: 2319-3395(online)


ha-1

of N, P2O5 and K2O in the form of Urea,

Triple Super Phosphate and Muriate of Potash,

respectively. Gypsum and Zinc Sulphate were

also applied @ 60 kg ha-1

and 10 kg ha-1

,

respectively.

The entire amount of TSP, MP, Gypsum and

Zinc Sulphate was applied at final land

preparation. Urea was top dressed in three

equal splits at 15 days after transplanting

(DAT), tillering stage and panicle initiation

stage. Seedlings of 52 days old were uprooted

carefully from the nursery bed and were

transplanted on the well puddled experimental

plots on 24 January 2011 at the rate of 3-4

seedling hill-1

, maintained row and hill

distance of 25 cm 15 cm. Flood irrigation

was given to maintain a level of standing

water up to 2-4 cm until maximum tillering

stage and after that, a water level of 7-10 cm

was maintained up to grain filling stage and

then drained out of the field after milk stage.

The crop was harvested on 07 May 2011.

The harvested plants were tied into bundles

plot wise, then threshed, cleaned and dried in

the Agronomy Field Laboratory to record the

data on grain yield and straw yield. Prior to

harvest five hills per plot were selected

randomly (excluding border hills). They were

uprooted carefully, cleaned and tagged

properly. Data on different plant characters

were recorded from the five hills plot-1

and

yields were taken from plot-wise harvest and

eventually converted to t ha-1

.

The collected data were plant height, total

tillers hill-1

, effective tillers hill-1

, panicle

length, grains panicle-1

, 1000-grain weight,

grain yield and straw yield. The grain yield

was adjusted at 14% moisture level. The data

were analyzed statistically by using the

ANOVA technique. The mean difference was

adjudged by Duncans Multiple Range Test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Effect of Weeding Regime on Growth and

Yield Plant height was statistically affected by

weeding regime (Table 2). The tallest plant

(85.41 cm) was found from the plot with

weeding at 15 days interval which was

statistically similar with two times hand

weeding at 35 and 55 DAT treatment. Leaf

area (cm2) was significantly influenced by

weeding regime at all sampling dates (Table

3). The highest leaf area (371.35 cm2, 718.40

cm2, 954.00 cm

2 and 1601.53 cm

2 at 15 DAT,

30 DAT, 45 DAT and 60 DAT, respectively)

was found in weeding at 15 days interval

treatment. Total dry matter production was

significantly affected by weeding regimes at

all sampling dates (Table 3). The highest

amount of total dry matter production of plant

(9.61 g, 21.42 g, 44.92 g and 59.02 g, at 15

DAT, 30 DAT, 45 DAT and 60 DAT

respectively) was recorded from plants with 15

days interval weeding treatment. The number

of total tillers hill-1

was significantly affected

by weeding regime.

The highest number of total tillers hill-1

(14.40) was observed with weeding at 15 days

interval condition at maturity. On the other

hand, no weeding treatment produced the

lowest number of total tillers hill-1

as weed

growth was vigorous which offered severe

competition with rice plants in terms of

nutrient and space [17].

The number of the effective tillers hill-1

was

also statistically significant on weeding

regime. The maximum number of effective

tillers hill-1

(13.22) was obtained from plants

with 15 days interval weeding plot. On the

other hand, the lowest number of effective

tillers hill-1

was found in no weeding treatment.

Panicle length was not statistically influenced

by weeding regimes (Table 2). However,

numerically the highest panicle length (23.25

cm) was found from 15 days interval weeding

treatment. Number of filled grains panicle-1

affected significantly among different

treatment by weeding regime (Table 2).

The highest number of filled grains panicle-1

(121.12) were obtained from plants with 15

days interval weeding plot whereas lowest

number of filled grains panicle-1

(89.91) were

obtained from no weeding condition. Grain

yield of rice was significantly affected by

weeding regimes. The highest grain yield

(4.16 t ha-1

) was recorded from plants with 15

days interval weeding treatment and the lowest

(1.78 t ha-1

) from no weeding treatment. The



highest grain yield may be favoured by crop

characters like effective tillers hill-1

, panicle

length and number of grains panicle-1

. This

result showed conformity with the findings of

another research [18]. Weeding regimes

exerted significant effect on straw yield. It also

followed more or less regular trend in response

to different weeding regimes, similar to grain

yield. The lowest straw yield (3.32 t ha-1

) was

recorded from no weeding treatment which

was increased with other weeding treatments

and reached the peak (4.86 t ha-1

) at 15 days

interval weeding treatment which was

statistically similar to Superhit 500EC @ 1.0 l

ha-1

and two times hand weeding at 35 DAT

and 55 DAT treatments. The highest straw

yield was found may be due to the tallest

plants and more number of tillers hill-1

[19].

Table 2: Effect of Weeding Regime on Growth and Yield Components of Rice.

Weeding regime Plant height

(cm)

Total tillers

hill-1

Effective tillers

hill-1 Panicle length (cm)

T1 84.00 11.87 9.81 22.28

T2 80.11 11.25 8.76 22.57

T3 84.95 11.99 8.67 23.00

T4 82.63 11.60 8.65 22.55

T5 84.75 12.90 9.42 22.18

T6 78.68 9.15 6.37 22.20

T7 85.41 14.40 13.22 23.25

T8 82.94 12.72 8.01 22.25

T9 80.66 12.83 7.88 22.48

T10 85.10 12.97 8.76 22.58

CV (%) 4.41 6.45 6.78 7.45

Level of sig * ** ** NS

Weeding regime Filled grains

panicle-1

1000-grain-weight

(g)

Grain yield

(t ha-1 )

Straw yield

(t ha-1)

T1 100.27 23.25 3.15 4.01

T2 96.39 23.28 2.93 3.63

T3 96.46 23.32 2.92 3.88

T4 97.14 23.13 3.24 3.94

T5 103.03 23.01 3.33 4.74

T6 89.91 22.79 1.78 3.32

T7 121.12 23.45 4.16 4.86

T8 100.72 23.27 3.32 4.30

T9 92.30 23.01 2.89 4.20

T10 103.01 23.37 3.27 4.57

CV (%) 3.45 3.47 4.52 6.22

Level of sig ** NS ** **

T1 = Refit 500EC, T2 = Sibafit 500EC, T3 = Rav 500EC, T4 = Ichlore 5G, T5 = Superhit 500EC, T6 = No weeding, T7 =

Weeding at 15 days interval, T8 = Weeding at 25 DAT, T9 = Weeding at 25 DAT and 45 DAT, T10 = Weeding at 35 DAT and

55 DAT, DAT = days after transplanting, *= significant at 5% level of probability, **= significant at 1% level of

probability, NS = Not significant.


Volume 4, Issue 2



Table 3: Effect of Weeding Regime on Leaf Area (cm2) and Dry Matter (g hill

-1) at

Different Days after Transplanting of Rice.

Weeding regime Leaf area (cm2 )

15 DAT 30 DAT 45 DAT 60 DAT

T1 327.14 569.26 862.63 1248.44

T2 319.80 554.77 787.40 1328.41

T3 261.29 515.39 794.05 1384.97

T4 224.65 478.10 718.56 1557.78

T5 321.54 584.57 871.60 1518.93

T6 309.88 490.37 808.71 1359.42

T7 371.35 718.40 954.00 1601.53

T8 332.05 773.48 871.56 1511.28

T9 322.85 608.79 904.26 1518.49

T10 352.45 560.19 921.85 1499.48

CV (%) 17.41 13.76 10.59 10.17

Level of sig ** ** * **

Weeding regime Dry matter (g hill-1)


T1 5.94 11.28 34.85 47.75

T2 6.09 13.77 39.77 55.30

T3 6.59 17.45 41.11 55.71

T4 5.47 17.25 43.29 52.40

T5 6.96 16.72 41.26 52.72

T6 3.07 7.87 18.93 31.26

T7 9.61 21.42 44.92 59.02

T8 7.34 15.93 38.37 47.56

T9 5.42 10.86 31.02 41.53

T10 9.57 20.78 40.02 56.57

CV (%) 15.17 14.83 10.45 6.89

Level of sig ** ** ** **

T1 = Refit 500EC, T2 = Sibafit 500EC, T3 = Rav 500EC, T4 = Ichlore 5G, T5 = Superhit 500EC, T6 = No weeding, T7 =

Weeding at 15 days interval, T8 = Weeding at 25 DAT, T9 = Weeding at 25 DAT and 45 DAT, T10 = Weeding at 35 DAT and

55 DAT, DAT = days after transplanting, *= significant at 5% level of probability, **= significant at 1% level of

probability, NS = Not significant

EFFECT OF ROW DIRECTION ON

GROWTH AND YIELD Row direction did not influence plant height

significantly in rice (Table 4). However,

numerically taller plant (83.33 cm) was found

from East-West row direction. Row direction

had significant influence on leaf area (cm2) at

15 DAT, 30 DAT and 45 DAT except 60 DAT

(Table 5). It was observed that leaf area (cm2)

was increased progressively with advancement

of time and growth stages. However, the

higher leaf area was recorded (367.51 cm2,

630.16 cm2, 901.88 cm

2 and 1481.14cm

2 at 15

DAT, 30 DAT, 45 DAT and 60 DAT,

respectively) in East-West row orientation

might be because of capturing of more solar

radiation. Row direction had significant

influence on dry matter accumulation of plant

15 DAT, 30 DAT, 45 DAT and 60 DAT. It

was observed that dry matter accumulation of

plant was increased progressively with

advancement of time and growth stages (Table

5). The higher dry matter accumulation of

plant was recorded (8.00 g hill-1

, 16.33 g hill-1

,

38.58 g hill-1

, 49.51 g hill-1

at 15 DAT, 30

DAT, 45 DAT and 60 DAT, respectively) in

East-West row orientation might be because of

plant received adequate space, light, air, water

and nutrients for their proper growth. Row



direction exhibited significant difference in

producing number of total tillers hill-1

. The

higher number of total tillers hill-1

(12.39) was

recorded in East-West than in North-South

row orientation might be due to capture more

solar radiation. The number of the effective

tillers hill-1

was statistically affected by row

direction. The higher number of effective

tillers hill-1

(9.18) was in East-West row

direction (Table 4). Panicle length was

statistically influenced by row direction (Table

4). The longer panicle (22.84 cm) was

produced in East-West row direction than

North-South direction (22.20 cm). The number

of filled grain was significantly influenced by

row direction (Table 4). It was observed that

higher number of filled grain panicle-1

(102.03) was obtained from East-West row

direction than in North-South row direction

(98.04). However, weight of thousand grains

was not statistically affected by the row

direction. Numerically higher thousand grain

weight (23.37 g) was found in East-West row

direction. Grain yield significantly influenced

by row direction (Table 4).

The higher grain yield (3.29 t ha-1

) was

obtained from East-West direction than in

North-South row direction (2.91 t ha-1

) which

was statistically significant. Various

researchers also reported the same [20,21].

Straw yield was not significantly affected by

the row arrangement (Table 3). However,

numerically the higher straw yield (4.20 t ha-1

)

was found in East-West row direction and the

lower straw yield (4.09 t ha-1

) was found in

North-South direction.

Table 4: Effect of Row Direction on Growth and Yield Components of Rice.

Row direction Plant height (cm) Total tillers hill-1 Effective tillers hill-1 Panicle length (cm)

S1 83.33 12.39 9.18 22.84

S2 82.52 11.95 8.73 22.20

CV (%) 4.41 6.45 6.78 7.45

Level of sig NS ** ** **

Row direction Filled grains panicle-1 1000-grain-weight (g) Grain yield(t ha-1 ) Straw yield (t ha-1)

S1 102.03 23.37 3.29 4.20

S2 98.04 22.95 2.91 4.09

CV (%) 3.45 3.47 4.52 6.22

Level of sig ** NS ** NS

S1 = East-West row direction, S2 = North-South row direction, NS = Not significant, ** = significant at 1% level of

probability, DAT = days after transplanting

Table 5: Effect of Row Direction on Leaf Area (cm2) and Dry Matter (g hill

-1) at Different Days

after Transplanting of Rice.

Row direction Leaf area (cm2 )


S1 367.51 630.16 901.88 1481.14

S2 261.09 540.55 838.55 1424.61

CV (%) 17.41 13.76 10.59 10.17

Level of sig ** ** * NS

Row direction Dry matter (g hill-1)


S1 8.00 16.33 38.58 49.51

S2 5.21 14.34 36.13 48.45

CV (%) 15.17 14.83 10.45 6.89

Level of sig ** ** ** **

S1 = East-West row direction, S2 = North-South row direction, NS = Not significant, *= significant at 5% level of

probability, ** = significant at 1% level of probability, DAT = days after transplanting


Volume 4, Issue 2



INTERACTION OF WEEDING

REGIME AND ROW DIRECTION ON

GROWTH AND YIELD The interaction effect of weeding regime and

row direction on plant height was statistically

significant (Table 6). The highest plant height

(88.70 cm) was observed in interaction of

weeding at 15 days interval and East-West row

direction at maturity. Interaction of weeding

regime and row direction for leaf area (cm2)

was significantly influenced at all sampling

dates except 60 DAT (Table 7). The highest

leaf area (464.94 cm2) at 15 DAT was found in

interaction of weeding at 15 days interval and

East-West row direction. At 30 DAT, the

highest leaf area (804.46 cm2) was observed in

interaction of weeding between 25 DAT and

45 DAT and East-West row direction. At 45

DAT, The highest leaf area (1097.24 cm2) was

observed in interaction of weeding at 15 days

interval and East-West row direction treatment

combination. Numerically, the highest leaf

area (1661.28 cm2) at 60 DAT was found in


East-West row direction which was

statistically insignificant. Interaction of

weeding regime and row direction for total dry

matter production was also significantly

affected at all sampling dates except 60 DAT

(Table 7). The highest amount of total dry

matter production (12.49 g) at 15 DAT was

found in interaction of weeding at 15 days

interval and East-West row direction treatment

combination. At 30 DAT, The highest amount

of total dry matter production (22.40 g) was

found in interaction of weeding between 25

DAT and 45 DAT and East-West row

direction which was statistically similar with


North-South row direction treatment

combination. At 60 DAT, The highest amount

of total dry matter production (63.88 g) was

found in interaction of weeding at 15 days

interval and East-West row direction.

Interaction of weeding regime and row

direction exhibited significant influence on

number of total tillers hill-1

of rice (Table 6).

Table 6: Interaction Effect of Weeding Regime and Row Direction on Growth and

Yield Components of Rice.

Interaction Plant height (cm) Total tiller hill-1 Effective tiller hill-1 Panicle length (cm)

S1T1 85.31 11.24 10.27 23.67

S1T2 82.77 11.90 8.57 23.10

S1T3 81.20 11.67 8.44 22.27

S1T4 82.73 11.53 8.65 22.77

S1T5 86.57 13.43 10.13 22.83

S1T6 83.89 9.86 6.34 23.18

S1T7 88.70 14.79 13.83 23.87

S1T8 82.27 12.94 8.12 21.40

S1T9 79.38 13.22 8.30 23.55

S1T10 85.55 13.31 9.13 23.83

S2T1 85.55 12.51 9.35 22.83

S2T2 77.45 10.61 8.95 22.03

S2T3 83.64 12.32 8.91 21.87

S2T4 82.53 11.67 8.64 22.33

S2T5 82.93 12.37 8.71 21.53

S2T6 73.47 8.44 6.40 22.17

S2T7 84.36 14.00 12.61 21.40

S2T8 83.61 12.55 7.90 23.00

S2T9 81.94 12.43 7.45 21.47

S2T10 84.70 12.62 8.38 21.33

CV (%) 4.41 6.45 6.78 7.45

Level of sig * ** ** NS



Table 6: (Contd).

Interaction Filled grain panicle-1 1000-grain-weight (g) Grain yield (t ha-1 ) Straw yield (t ha-1)

S1T1 105.43 23.62 3.25 4.12

S1T2 100.45 23.41 3.26 4.05

S1T3 97.26 23.36 3.10 4.08

S1T4 99.17 23.51 3.15 4.00

S1T5 102.46 23.31 3.86 4.97

S1T6 85.40 22.88 1.94 3.46

S1T7 125.65 23.86 4.46 5.06

S1T8 102.19 23.07 3.22 4.03

S1T9 97.07 23.55 3.25 3.86

S1T10 105.20 23.14 3.37 4.32

S2T1 95.11 23.28 3.05 3.90

S2T2 92.33 23.14 2.60 3.22

S2T3 95.65 23.27 2.74 3.67

S2T4 95.10 22.74 3.32 3.87

S2T5 103.61 22.70 2.79 4.55

S2T6 94.41 22.71 1.61 3.17

S2T7 116.58 22.75 3.85 4.66

S2T8 99.24 23.47 3.41 4.56

S2T9 87.53 22.52 2.53 4.54

S2T10 100.82 22.87 3.17 4.81

CV (%) 3.45 3.47 4.52 6.22

Level of sig NS NS ** NS

S1 = East-West direction, S2 = North-South direction, T1 = Refit 500EC, T2 = Sibafit 500EC, T3 = Rav 500EC, T4 = Ichlore

5G, T5 = Superhit 500EC, T6 = No weeding, T7 = Weeding at 15 days interval, T8 = Weeding at 25 DAT, T9 = Weeding at

25 DAT and 45 DAT, T10 = Weeding at 35 DAT and 55 DAT, DAT = days after transplanting, *= significant at 5% level of

probability, **= significant at 1% level of probability

The highest number of total tillers hill-1

(14.79) was observed in interaction of weeding

at 15 days interval and East-West row

direction which was significantly superior to

that of any other interactions. Number of

effective tillers hill-1

varied significantly due to

the interaction of weeding regime and row

direction (Table 6). The highest number of

effective tillers hill-1

(13.83) was observed in


East-West row direction. Interaction of

weeding regime and row direction had no

significant influence on panicle length,

number of filled grain and weight of thousand

grains (Table 6). Panicle growth and

development was mainly controlled by gene

not by the environment [22]. Interaction of

weeding regime and row direction had

significant influence on grain yield of rice.

The highest grain yield (4.46 t ha-1

) was

observed in interaction of weeding at 15 days

interval and East-West row direction. The

interaction of weeding regime and row

direction did not show any significant

influence on straw yield.


Volume 4, Issue 2



Table 7: Interaction Effect of Weeding Regime and Row Direction on Leaf Area (cm2) and

Dry Matter (g hill-1

) at Different Days after Transplant of Rice.

Interaction Leaf area (cm2 )


S1T1 402.63 709.88 835.53 1229.80

S1T2 389.47 606.55 799.00 1355.65

S1T3 327.43 514.07 796.99 1355.49

S1T4 192.95 464.24 923.67 1614.69

S1T5 300.17 590.14 787.90 1601.63

S1T6 363.82 506.36 975.29 1321.95

S1T7 464.94 667.39 1097.24 1661.28

S1T8 410.09 778.28 828.95 1540.65

S1T9 406.20 804.46 895.58 1490.92

S1T10 417.41 660.23 1078.62 1639.29

S2T1 251.66 428.63 889.72 1267.08

S2T2 250.13 349.66 775.40 1301.16

S2T3 195.16 516.71 791.11 1414.44

S2T4 256.35 645.30 984.34 1500.87

S2T5 342.90 578.99 955.30 1601.43

S2T6 255.94 474.37 642.12 1396.88

S2T7 235.61 550.19 755.30 1376.57

S2T8 199.15 768.67 914.16 1481.91

S2T9 336.49 632.34 912.94 1546.07

S2T10 287.49 460.15 765.09 1359.66

CV (%) 17.41 13.76 10.59 10.17

Level of sig ** ** ** NS

Table 7: (Contd)

Interaction Dry matter (g hill-1 )


S1T1 6.47 9.18 39.55 49.96

S1T2 5.75 15.31 43.86 53.58

S1T3 5.55 21.20 41.73 51.47

S1T4 6.24 19.72 42.98 51.28

S1T5 8.35 17.33 40.66 50.06

S1T6 3.32 8.5 17.50 30.49

S1T7 12.49 21.08 45.25 63.88

S1T8 10.58 15.77 39.68 45.84

S1T9 8.35 22.04 30.94 42.15

S1T10 12.86 18.12 43.65 56.41

S2T1 5.41 13.39 30.15 45.55

S2T2 6.42 12.23 35.67 47.01

S2T3 7.63 13.70 40.50 49.95

S2T4 4.70 14.78 43.61 53.53

S2T5 5.57 16.11 41.87 55.39

S2T6 2.82 7.24 20.35 32.03

S2T7 6.74 21.76 44.60 54.15

S2T8 4.11 16.09 37.06 49.27

S2T9 2.48 8.59 31.11 40.92

S2T10 6.27 19.52 36.38 56.74

CV (%) 15.17 14.83 10.45 6.89

Level of sig ** ** NS **

S1 = East-West direction, S2 = North-South direction, T1 = Refit 500EC, T2 = Sibafit 500EC, T3 = Rav 500EC, T4 = Ichlore

5G, T5 = Superhit 500EC, T6 = No weeding, T7 = Weeding at 15 days interval, T8 = Weeding at 25 DAT, T9 = Weeding at

25 DAT and 45 DAT, T10 = Weeding at 35 DAT and 55 DAT, DAT = days after transplanting, **= significant at 1% level of

probability



From the above results and discussion it is

revealed that weeding regime and row

direction had significant influence on growth

and yield of rice either alone or in

combination. Individually weeding at 15 days

interval and East-West row direction

performed the best in terms of grain yield.

Similarly, when the interaction of the two

factors were considered, weeding at 15 days

interval and East-West row direction

combination reflected the highest grain yields

compared to that of any other interactions.

CONCLUSION Based on the results of the study, it may be

concluded that weeding at 15 days interval in

East-West planting direction is the best among

the treatments regarding growth, yield and

yield attributes of rice under the AEZ-9 in

boro (dry) season in Bangladesh.

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Volume 4, Issue 2



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Cite this Article MA Alam, MMH Tipu, MM I

Chowdhury, et al. Effect of Weeding

Regime and Row Direction on Growth

and Yield of Rice in Bangladesh.

Research & Reviews: Journal of Crop

Science and Technology. 2015. 4(2):

111p.

effect of weeding and row direction on rice

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