eds 543 technology & inclusion mpp
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8/13/2019 EDS 543 Technology & Inclusion MPP
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Assistive Technology promotes children’s learning and
development by allowing them to more effectively
participate in activities and routines within the
classroom. Most often, people assume that assistive
technology is some state of the art device that is quite
expensive. However, this is not true. There are both
low-tech (visual calendars, picture boards) and high
tech (powered wheel chairs, computers.) available.
As a preservice teacher learning about Assistive
Technology can teach and inspire me to integrate
technology into my own classroom. In essence,
Assistive Technology implements the principles of
Universal Design for Learning.
My research has allowed me to find outhow Assistive Technology can help and
be supportive to the developmental
learning of children with disabilities. The
research that I have come across
focused on the following Assistive
Technologies:
Microswitch clusters
Internet/Social Network
Intervention( WordRead V3,Dragon
Dictate & Video editing software.)
EAT (The Encyclopedia of Assistive
Technology) Video tutorials.
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IDEA:
Defines assistive technology as “any item,
piece of equipment, or product system, whether
acquired commercially off the shelf, modified,or customized, that is used to increase,
maintain, or improve functional capabilities of a
child with disability” [IDEA, 2004 Part B, Section
612, (1)].
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Two Children with Multiple Disabilities Increase Adaptive Object Manipulation and
Reduce Inappropriate Behavior via a Technology-assisted Program. (Lancioni, O’ Reilly, Singh, Sigafoos, Didden,
Olivia and Campodonico, 2010)
Research Study 1
Purpose of Study:
This study aimed to extend
the evidence available by involving
two new participants (children)
who exhibited inappropriate behavior
that had not been targeted before
(dystonic-spastic stretching of one or
both arms) and new cluster
technologies.
Implementation of Assistive Technology:
Microswitch clusters allowed smallmanipulations of objects to serve as
adaptive stimulation and it interrupted any
ongoing stimulation if one or both of the
participant’s hands were withdrawn from
the objects for two or more seconds.
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Mi·cro·switchˈmīkrəˌswiCH/
noun: micro-switch
1. an electric switch that can be operatedrapidly by a small movement.
There are a variety of microswitches available for
both commercial and industrial use.
What are microswitches used for?
Utilized to detect chance of
state
Contact with an object
Causes “on” or “off” action
Converts mechanical energyinto electrical output
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Dystonic-spastic stretching of one or both arms
Movements are stiff and jerky, especially in the arms, legs, and back.
Walking can simply look awkward, or be so severe that the use of a wheelchair is required.
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The image on the right demonstrates how microswitches
are used to cause stimulation. This study slightly used a
different method of presenting positive stimulation to
both participants. Researchers placed objects that are
common in the daily life of participants, such as plastic
toys. Objects were connected with a microswitch cluster
that was connected to a battery-powered electroniccontrol system.
When an object was picked up with both hands it
activated optic or tilt response and caused positive
stimuli. As soon as participant removed one or both
hands from the object for more than 2 seconds it will
interrupt the desired stimuli.
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Participants
Both participants were diagnosed with
encephalopathy that was due to premature birth
and perinatal hypoxia.
Glen & Hugh were 5.6 and 9.9 years old when
study was conducted. Both participants fell in the
severe to profound range of intellectual disability.
* Glen has had the opportunity to use
microswitches prior to this study.
In addition, participants spent most of their time in
wheelchairs.
Findings
The intervention and use of microswitches prove to
be effective in decreasing participants display of
inappropriate behavior.
Researchers believe that the use of microswitches
could be extremely beneficial for children with
visual impairments, since it would rely onrecognizing positive stimuli.
Finally, the use of microswitch clusters gives
children the opportunity to learn how to control their
behavior.
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Even though research studies involving the use of microswitches is
minimal, as a classroom teacher I find this study informative and
beneficial. The use of this Assistive Technology is uncommon in the
classroom, but I could talk with school officials and share this particular
research study. If there are any students in my school who have a severe
intellectual disability, an Assistive Technology like the microswitch clusters
may help them gain control of their own behavior. As a teacher I deem
important to seek knowledge about the latest assistive technologyavailable to help students with disabilities.
Furthermore, I would share and inform the parents ofthe child about this Assistive Tool. Parents may
become interested in seeking on how to learn more
about microswitches to possibly use within their own
home.
I hope that the children
in my classroomregardless of his or he
abilities, will feel
successful when they
are permitted to use
their abilities to work
around their
disabilities.
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What do you think of
influencing/ controlling a
child’s behavior through
positive stimulation? Please
explain whether or not you
agree with it or not?
Would you recommend parents to seek an Assistive
Technology such as microswitches to help their child with
a disability (only if disability is mild-severe) ? Please
explain and share you’re ideas and views on this kind of
experiment.
Did you know what microswitches
were before I introduced this study?
If no, could you explain what youthought microswitches were?
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I could never do that before’: Effectiveness of a tailored Internet support intervention to increase the social
participation of youth with disabilities. (Raghavendra, Newman, Grace and Wood, 2013)
Research Study 2
Research Question
What is the effectiveness of interventions (i.e.
providing appropriate interface adaptations,
training and support) to increase the social
participation of youth with disabilities through the
Internet ?
Implementation of Assistive Technology:
Now more than ever, youth use the internet fora variety of purposes, especially for social
interaction. However, youth with disabilities are
limited in their social networks and friendships
with peers. Programs like Dragon Dictate
(speech recognition software) or WordReader
V3 (Screen reader) can assist individuals with
disabilities to help them create positive
interactions with other via web.
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Assistive Technologies &Social Networks
Mentioned and used in this
study
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Social interaction for children with disabilities can be a positive
factor for their personal growth.
Even more, they can learn a number of ways of how to interact
positively with others, including role modeling, role-playing and
interpreting interactions with others. Using social networking canincrease the student’s experience and motivation to improve his or
her social life, and seek advice about social issues that their peers
can explain.
By teaching students
with disabilities how to
successfully usesocial networking can
increase their
confidence to work
more independently
or with support from
others.
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Participants:
Researchers sent 123 invitations to participants
who were recommended by either their parents
or staff from the Novita Children’s Services.
Novita Children’s Services is an organization
that provides support and services to children
with disabilities until the age of 18 in the state
of South Australia.
Out of the 123 possible candidates a
total of 22 participants responded.
However, shortly after 4 participants
withdrew and this left a total of 18 youth
participants.
Primary Researcher:
is a speech pathologist who has
extensive clinical experience with
youth with disabilities and research
background.
Location of study:Most of the youthparticipants had minimal
physical disabilities and
showed signs of
communication abilities.
However, 5 youth
participants had mild-
severe disabilities and had
complex communicationneeds.
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Findings:
Youth participants and their parents were very pleased to have been part of this
study. Participants feel much more confident in utilizing the Internet as a tool to their enhance
social interaction. The disability appropriate software programs introduced to each
participants helped meet their individual needs.
Furthermore, youth participants felt much more confident and increase in feeling
independent with social participation. The intervention and training helped some participants
learn how to maintain their own email without parental or sibling help.
While researchers felt that this student showcased the advantages of having an
intervention program like this one, they wished they would have found ways in which youth
participants could apply what they learned at home through the intervention to use effectively
while in school. Research focusing in social networks and schools is quite limited.
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I love research, and find it interesting and exciting. As a teacher I would reference this current research
study and try to pick up where researchers left off. I
would like to see how I can implement and instruct
students how to utilize the Internet to enhance their
social interactions with each other. This would also
give me the opportunity to research and learn about
other disability appropriate software that serve as a
useful tool in my classroom.
Furthermore, if I were to have a student with and IEP I can share
with the referral committee this research study. Perhaps using someof the software program mentioned in this study may help the
student perform well in class. The programs could extend their use
for social participation to homework assistance, class participationetc.
I would definitely love to incorporate the use of social
networking into my own curriculum. I would use Blogger
or create a classroom website so that students gain man
skills. I can use these social websites to get them to be
enthusiastic about writing. Even more, students may
become inspired to become better and more expressive
writers. Using digital software can also help students with
disabilities feel welcome to join in on this classroomexperience.
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Would you utilize social
network in your
classroom? Why or
why not?(What are the
advantages or
disadvantages or
incorporating this
mechanical media
into yourown classroom?
If you were to have
several students withdisabilities in your
classroom, what
resources would you
seek to help assist
you in engaging
them to build a good
rapport with their
peers and havepositive interactions
with others?
I believe that social networking can be both inclusive and non-
inclusive. On one hand, social-networking can be great for students
with disabilities because it removes some of the barriers faced by
whose who want to socialize in person. Some people fear
communicating and build anxiety when being around others. On the
other hand, some students may not like the idea of social-networking
because they can be difficult to use. For example, Facebook has so
many options and features on its home page. The design and layoutis more complex than traditional websites. It requires a lot of mouse
movement to access common functions. This is a big issue for
students who take longer to understand the computers functions. My
question for you is, What side of the argument do you stand and
why? What have to personally experienced or have witnessed to
support your stand?
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The Effectiveness of Video Tutorials for Teaching Preservice Educators to Use Assistive Technologies. ( Laarhoven,
Munk, Zurita. Lynch, Zurita, Smith and Chandler, 2009).
Research Study 3
Purpose of study:
To establish the effect of the EAT [ The
Encyclopedia of Assistive Technology] on the
knowledge and perceptions of Preservice
teachers and their ability to use AT [Assistive
Technology]
Implementation of Assistive
Technology:
It is common to see in many classrooms
teachers incorporate eLearning in their
instruction. With all the cutting-edge ,
and eye catching programs out there it
makes it much easier for teachers to
grab their students attention. Video
tutorials is an instructional multimedia
that is becoming more popular, perhaps
more so than the use of traditionalbooks.
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10 simple reasons why Video Tutorials are Effective
1. Scheduling flexibility The learner learns at his or her own pace.
2. Attention holding learner’s attention will be engage in the video tutorial.
3. Visual learning Give’s the learner a visual lesson. In essence, it teaches them how to do
something.
4. Reviewable Video tutorials simplify things by explaining and demonstrating it.
5. Focus & emphasis Tends to focus on topics that need more emphasis and attention.6. Content is consistent Video tutorials say the same thing every time. This ensure that every
learner is exposed to the same information and receives the same learning experience.
7. Engaging Video tutorials can present a speaker or ideas that learners can connect to.
8. Inexpensive & affordable: Video tutorials can be cheap to create, and once it’s recorded it can be
shared on multiple websites such as YouTube.
9. Popularity Technology based learning is more popular than ever before.
10. Fun ! Video tutorials are stimulating and very relevant within our culture.
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IDEA
Students with disabilities are guaranteed access
to assistive technologies (AT) by provisions ofthe Individuals with Disabilities Education
Improvement Act
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Participants:
A total of 188 Preservice
special and elementary
education teacher
candidates participated in
this study.
This study was conducted in theCollege of Education at Northern
Illinois University during the
spring and fall semester of 2006.
Candidates used the video tutorials
in the assistive technology lab while
class was in session or outside of
the classroom. In addition,
they were also required to engage
in hands on activities that allowed
them to see the functions and useof technologies assigned to their
class.
Teacher candidates
evaluated the EAT
tutorials through a
series of surveys.
A prototype DVD comprised of
written and video tutorials for
using various
Assistive Technology software
and devices, was created
At NUI and given to faculty
members to use in their classes.
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Findings:
Results indicated that teacher candidates see
the EAT video tutorials as an effective tool
that helped them become familiar
and comfortable with the use of Assistive
Technologies.
Also, candidates displayed positive attitudestowards the implementation of the EAT within
their education courses.
On the whole, researchers believe that their
findings suggest that the content provided by
the EAT video tutorials are thorough enough
that teacher candidates felt prepare to pursue
use of Assistive Technology.
Some of the teacher candidates comments about the
EAT video tutorials:
“The information
presented in the tutorial
was very clear and
easy to understand.”
“The tutorials
were really boring
to watch.” “The
sound of themouse clicks
drove me nuts.”
“Can you put these
online? It would be
great to have access
to then outside oflab.”
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As a Preservice teacher I would definitely feel more confident enteringthe field if I have the opportunity to gain knowledge and
understanding of various Assistive Technologies. I feel that it's a great
disservice to our students if we as teachers are not prepped or ready
to seek the best techniques, practices and theories to help meet their
educational and personal needs. It's not known when a student with a
disability may enter one's classroom. Therefore, having background
knowledge of what kinds of Assistive Technology is available willplace me in the right path.
As I get ready to enter the field of education something that is now
becoming more familiar to my ears is the different types of "Professional
Development" available for educators. As I mentioned before, I loveresearch and I think attending workshops or conferences that talk about
Assistive Technology would be extremely beneficial for not just for
myself, but all teachers.
Also I love the idea of having a videotutorial much like the EAT being part o
a requirement for one of our
educational technology courses for our
graduate program here at Plattsburgh
State.
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How do you feel about Assistive
Technology and using it in your future
classroom if needed be? (Please also
indicate whether or not you also have used
1 or more Assistive Technologies). If you
have use Assistive Technology, what was
that experience like?
We have 2 required Educational Technologycourses for the B.A./M.S.T. program here at
Plattsburgh State. For those of you who have
completed both courses of “ED Tech” can you
share what kind of assistive technologies did
you learn about?
How was assistive technology presented to
you?Given from what you learned in class would
you feel comfortable using an assistive
technology tool without being familiar of it’s
functions before hand?
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References
Lancioni, O’ Reilly, Singh, Sigafoos, Didden, Olivia & Campodonico. (2010). Two
children with multiple disabilities increase adaptive object manipulation and reduce
inappropriate behavior via a technology-assisted program. Journal Of Visual Impairment &Blindness, 104, 714-719.
Raghavendra, Newman, Grace & Wood. (2013). ' I could never do that before':
Effectiveness of a tailored Internet support intervention to increase the social participation of
youth with disabilities. Child: Care, Health & Development, 39 (4), 552-561.
Laarhoven, Munk, Zurita, Lynch, Zurita, Smith & Chandler. (2009). The effectiveness of
video tutorials for teaching preservice educators to use assistive technologies. Journal of
Special Education Technology, 23 (4), 31-45.
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