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Ecy pg`c duf`igfcjikck kbj sistblc pgjti`g. Fubstrc kblg`rc`ic duf`igfc kbs-

kb bj puftg kb vistc kb lu`ecs jiobrtckbs qub cftbs fg tbfclgs. Jgs `crmgs

sgf bjb`tgs y, bf lu`egs `csgs, bsg ec simfidi`ckg uf cvcf`b sgorb bj kbspgtis-

lg `ucrtbjbrg kbj strgfislg. [bfblgs lbngr bku`c`if y scjuk. Fg sb tgrturc

ls c jc gpgsi`if pgjti`c. Pb jb pbrlitb bxprbscrsb. Bstcs `gscs sgf pgsiti-

vcs. Ecy prbfsc jiorb. [gkg bsg bst oibf y jg vcjgrclgs.

Qbrg, `gf rbjc`if c fubstrgs pgstujckgs `gfstitu`igfcjbs, qub bstcojb`bf ufc sg-

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ilpikbf bj mg`b kb jgs kbrb`egs, `gf rbjc`if c fubstrg prgyb`tg kb fc`if, sbmui-

lgs sibfkg ufc sg`ibkck pgorb b ifnustc qub fg sb kirimb bf jc kirb``if grrb`tc.

Fi bj kbscrrgjjg, fi jc imucjkck, fi jc nusti`ic sb bstf lctbricjizcfkg bf rczgfcojb

lbkikc y `gf ufc vbjg`ikck qub bf`ibfkc bspbrcfzcs.

Lu`ecs vb`bs mcfc bj qub `glprc vgtgs. Lu`ecs vb`bs sb `gfsimubf sbftbf`ics

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`glpcrc`if `gf fubstrgs vb`ifgs y `gf fubstrgs `gftblpgrfbgs, sgf lu`ecs>

bku`c`if, scjuk, ifdrcbstru`turc... Jc iflbfsc lcygrc kb fubstrc pgojc`if fg

tibfb uf duturg vbfturgsg.

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oif jc glprc kb fgtcs bf jc Dc`ujtck kb Kbrb`eg kb jc Rfivbrsikck @ctji`c. Pb ubstig-

fcf jcs jistcs ojgqubckcs `glg si tuvibrcf jc `ujpc kb fubstrgs lcjbs. Cjmufgs kiputc-

kgs kbjif`ubftbs gstbftgsgs sus`itcf bs`rc`ebs kb iftbrlifcojbs crt`ujgs kb prbfsc.

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jc egrc kbj bs`rutifig y blocrrc jc `cf`ec kb jc vgjuftck `iukckcfc. Jc pcfgrli`c y

trcyb`tgric `iukckcfc, scjvg `gftckgs lglbftgs, ec sikg `jibftbjistc, trcki`igfcjistc,

sbmuikistc, gpgrtufistc g pcsivc. Bj oubf mgoibrfg fg rbftc lu`eg y bj lcj mgoibrfg fg

pbrnuki`c. Fg sb mbfbrc bsb mgoibrfg kb jgs ls c trcvs kb jgs lbngrbs. Jgs ifkimfc-

kgs bf bj Qcrcmucy sgf luy pg`gs, cufqub jgs lgtivgs kb jc ifkimfc`if sbcf lu`egs.

Jgs nvbfbs vgtcf lbfgs qub sus pckrbs. Y fg vgtcf lbngr qub bjjgs.

Jcs oubfcs fgti`ics sgorb jc lgkbrfizc`if, qub jcs tbfblgs, fg pcrb`bf lbng-

rcr jc `gf`ibf`ic `vi`c. Fg pcrb`bf rbdgrlcrjc. Bj mritbrg kb jc prbfsc cdb`tc ls

c jgs kirimbftbs pgjti`gs qub cj `jclgr pgpujcr `uyc vgz fg sb bs`u`ec.

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vc`ijcf bf cpgycr c su mgoibrfg y ufidi`cf jcs bjb``igfbs iftbrfcs pcrc kisli-

fuir bj drcukb bjb`tgrcj. Jcs `gscs qub sb lubvbf dubrc y kbftrg kbj mgoibrfg

fg pcrb`bf `gfku`irfgs ec`ic ckbjcftb. Jcs lgjbstics sb ec`bf `rfi`cs pbrg

fg jjbmcf c sbr prgtbstcs, prgpubstcs g ifi`ictivcs bdb`tivcs. Fg sb vivbf jgs cl-

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jc lcjcric y gtrcs bfdbrlbkckbs8 mcrcftizcr jc sgstbfioijikck kbj lbkig cloibftb8 y, dglbftcr ufc cjicfzclufkicj pcrc bj kbscrrgjjg.

0Jc @gfvbf`if Lcr`g kb jcs Fc`igfbs Rfikcs sgorb bj @cloig @jilti`g (@LFR@@) dub ckgptckc bf 399?

bf jc @ulorb kb _g. Bftr bf vimgr bf 399; y ec sikg rctidi`ckc pgr 394 pcsbs. Pu gonbtivg> bstcoijizcr

jc blisif kb mcsbs kb bdb`tg ifvbrfckbrg (MBI) cftrgpmbfgs bf jc ctlsdbrc c ufgs fivbjbs qub bvitbf

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pcsbs (Bstckgs Rfikgs fuf`c jg rctidi`), ilpusg c 0= pcsbs kbscrrgjjckgs ufcs rbku``igfbs kb blisig-

fbs kb uf 2% kb lbkic `gf rbspb`tg c 3991 (5% pcrc jc RB) bf bj pbrigkg kb ?115 c ?13?. Jgs kbls

pcsbs fg sb ecf `glprglbtikg `gf gonbtivgs `ucftidi`ckgs pbrg ecf qubkckg csg`ickgs cj prg`bsg pgr

lb`cfislgs if`itctivgs. Bj Qrgtg`gjg sb prgrrgm bf jc `gfdbrbf`ic kb Kgec b ilpusg uf gonbtivg kb

rbku``if kb jcs blisigfbs mjgocjbs kb mcsbs kb bdb`tg ifvbrfckbrg c jgs pcsbs kbscrrgjjckgs kb pgr jg

lbfgs uf 35% bftrb ?130 y ?1?1 (sbmufkg pbrigkg kb `glprglisg) `gf rbspb`tg c jgs fivbjbs kb 3991.;Bj kg`ulbftg ocsb pcrc bj c`ubrkg bf jc @gfdbrbf`ic bf Ckkis Cococ bs bj kbfglifckg Bjblbfts qub

kbdifb sbis loitgs kb kis`usif> difcfzcs poji`cs kglsti`cs, difcf`ic`if privckc fc`igfcj b iftbrfc`ig-

fcj, difcf`ic`if poji`c iftbrfc`igfcj, `glbr`ig, tb`fgjgmc, iffgvc`if y kbscrrgjjg kb `cpc`ikckbs, kbukc

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Bj kboctb lufkicj bst sibfkg sulclbftb `rti`g `gf bj `ulpjilibftg kb jgs

`glprglisgs cftbrigrbs. @glg sb ec vistg, kbskb bsc pti`c, qub jgs Gonb-

tivgs kb Kbscrrgjjg kbj Lijbfig pcrtibrgf kb prgojblcs y pisgs sulclbftb

ocngs, sb ecf kisbckg fubvgs gonbtivgs qub kbobrf sbr gojimctgrigs fg sgjg

pcrc jgs pcsbs kb lbfgrbs ifmrbsgs sifg tcloif pcrc jgs kb cjtgs ifmrbsgs.

GONB[ITGP KB KBPC__GJJG PGP[BFIOJB2

Gonbtivg 3.Qgfbr dif c jc pgorbzc bf tgkcs sus dgrlcs bf tgkg bj lufkg.Gonbtivg ?.Qgfbr dif cj eclorb, jgmrcr jc sbmurikck cjilbftcric y jc lbngrc kb jc futri`ify prglgvbr jc cmri`ujturc sgstbfiojb.

Gonbtivg 0.Mcrcftizcr ufc vikc scfc y prglgvbr bj oibfbstcr pcrc tgkgs bf tgkcs jcsbkckbs.

Gonbtivg ;. Mcrcftizcr ufc bku`c`if if`jusivc, bquitctivc y kb `cjikck y prglgvbr gpgr-tufikckbs kb cprbfkizcnb kurcftb tgkc jc vikc pcrc tgkgs.

Gonbtivg 2. Jgmrcr jc imucjkck bftrb jgs mfbrgs y bj blpgkbrclibftg kb tgkcs jcs lu-nbrbs y fics.

Gonbtivg 4.Mcrcftizcr jc kispgfioijikck kb cmuc y su grkbfc`if sgstbfiojb y bj scfbc-libftg pcrc tgkgs.

Gonbtivg =.Mcrcftizcr bj c``bsg c ufc bfbrmc csbquiojb, sbmurc, sgstbfiojb y lgkbrfcpcrc tgkgs.

Gonbtivg 5. Qrglgvbr bj `rb`ilibftg b`gfli`g sgstbfikg, if`jusivg y sgstbfiojb, bjblpjbg pjbfg y prgku`tivg y bj trcocng kb`bftb pcrc tgkgs.

Gonbtivg 9.@gfstruir ifdrcbstru`turc rbsijibftb, prglgvbr jc ifkustricjizc`if if`jusivc ysgstbfiojb y dglbftcr jc iffgvc`if.

Gonbtivg 31._bku`ir jc kbsimucjkck bf y bftrb jgs pcsbs.Gonbtivg 33.Jgmrcr qub jcs `iukckbs y jgs csbftclibftgs eulcfgs sbcf if`jusivgs, sb-murgs, rbsijibftbs y sgstbfiojbs.

Gonbtivg 3?.Mcrcftizcr lgkcjikckbs kb `gfsulg y prgku``if sgstbfiojbs.Gonbtivg 30.Ckgptcr lbkikcs urmbftbs pcrc `gloctir bj `cloig `jilti`g y sus bdb`tgs.Gonbtivg 3;.@gfsbrvcr y utijizcr bf dgrlc sgstbfiojb jgs g`cfgs, jgs lcrbs y jgs rb`ur-sgs lcrifgs pcrc bj kbscrrgjjg sgstbfiojb.

Gonbtivg 32. Qrgtbmbr, rbstcojb`br y prglgvbr bj usg sgstbfiojb kb jgs b`gsistblcs tb-rrbstrbs, bdb`tucr ufc grkbfc`if sgstbfiojb kb jgs ogsqubs, ju`ecr `gftrc jc kbsbrtidi-

`c`if, kbtbfbr y rbvbrtir jc kbmrckc`if kb jcs tibrrcs y pgfbr drbfg c jc prkikc kb jckivbrsikck oigjmi`c.

Gonbtivg 34.Qrglgvbr sg`ibkckbs pc`di`cs b if`jusivcs pcrc bj kbscrrgjjg sgstbfiojb,dc`ijitcr bj c``bsg c jc nusti`ic pcrc tgkgs y `rbcr ifstitu`igfbs bdi`c`bs, rbspgfscojbs b

if`jusivcs c tgkgs jgs fivbjbs.

Gonbtivg 3=.Dgrtcjb`br jgs lbkigs kb bnb`u`if y rbvitcjizcr jc cjicfzc lufkicj pcrc bjkbscrrgjjg sgstbfiojb.

2GFR (?13;). Bj `clifg ec`ic jc kimfikck pcrc ?101> c`cocr `gf jc pgorbzc y trcfsdgrlcr vikcs prgtbmibfkg

bj pjcfbtc. Ifdgrlb kb sftbsis kbj Pb`rbtcrig Mbfbrcj sgorb jc cmbfkc kb kbscrrgjjg sgstbfiojb kbspus

kb ?132. C/49/=11. ettps>//sustcifcojbkbvbjgplbft.uf.grm/ifkbx.etlj y ettps>//sustcifcojbkbvbjgplbft.

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55B@GFGLC Y PG@IBKCK CFJIPIP KB @GYRF[R_C LBFPRCJ

[cloif sb gosbrvc qub jc dgrlc bf qub sb iftbmrcf jgs pcsbs c jc b`gfglc

mjgocj fg `gftriouyb cj kbscrrgjjg kb lu`egs kb bjjgs. Libftrcs jc lcygr pcrtb

kb jc pgojc`if lufkicj sb bf`ubftrc bf situc`if kb pgorbzc y vujfbrcoijikck

jcogrcj, koijlbftb jimckc c jgs sistblcs kb prgtb``if sg`icj y bxpubstc c jcs

`gfsb`ubf`ics kbj cloig jilti`g8 sgjg ufc pbqubc prgpgr`if kb jc lislc

bst sibfkg obfbdi`ickc pgr jgs cvcf`bs b`gfli`gs, sg`icjbs y tb`fgjmi`gs.

Jc cmbfkc kb kbscrrgjjg sgstbfiojb pgst ?132, c`tucjlbftb bf kis`usif, rb-

`gfg`b qub bj c`tucj lgkbjg kb kbscrrgjjg fg bst duf`igfcfkg, ecoikc `ubftc

kb qub jcs kbsimucjkckbs bstf blpbgrcfkg y jgs rb`ursgs lufkicjbs simubf

cmgtfkgsb.

Bj Qcrcmucy kbob pcrti`ipcr c`tivclbftb kb bstb kboctb lufkicj pgr bj cjtg iftb-

rs qub jgs tblcs bf kis`usif tibfbf pcrc bj kbscrrgjjg b`gfli`g y sg`icj kb

fubstrg pcs. Qgrqub sb bf`ubftrc pgr kbocng kbj prglbkig kb Clri`c Jctifc bf

jc lcygrc kb jgs ifki`ckgrbs kb jgs GKPs, y luy jbngs kb jgs pcsbs kbj @gfg Pur.

Y pubkb cpgrtcr, bf vcrigs tblcs qub prbg`upcf c jc glufikck iftbrfc`igfcj, c jc

kis`usif kb jcs jfbcs bstrctmi`cs qub bstf sibfkg bjcogrckcs bf jcs sbsigfbs

prbpcrctgrics kb jc `gfdbrbf`ic kb Ckkis Coboc.

Jg lislg sb pubkb kb`ir kb jc ilpgrtcf`ic pcrc bj Qcrcmucy kb jc cmbfkc kb jcs difcf-

zcs kglsti`cs, pubs jc kis`usif kb jc lislc sb `bftrc bf bj fivbj y bquikck kb

jgs sistblcs trioutcrigs, bf bj kboctb qub bxistb sgorb jc rbjc`if bftrb `rb`ilibftg

y rbkistriou`if. Pi oibf yc bst ls qub `glprgockg qub ecstc `ibrtgs fivbjbs

rbjctivclbftb cjtgs kb trioutc`if fg bxistb uf kbsif`bftivg c jc prgku``if, y qub

bs pgsiojb uf oubf kbsblpbg b`gfli`g silujtfbclbftb `gf jcs lbngrcs bf

bj oibfbstcr y `gf jc rbku``if kb jcs kbsimucjkckbs, simub ecoibfkg sb`tgrbs qub

prbsigfcf pgr ilpubstgs ocngs pcrc jgs fbmg`igs kglsti`gs b iftbrfc`igfcjbs c

bxpbfscs kbj oibf `glf.

Rf puftg kb iftbrs pcrc bj Qcrcmucy bf bj kboctb sgorb jcs rbjc`igfbs b`gfli`cs

iftbrfc`igfcjbs sgf sus rbsujtckgs pcrc jgs pcsbs bf kbscrrgjjg, `glg jcs prkikcs kb-

rivckcs kb jc bvcsif y bjusif trioutcric kb jcs mrcfkbs blprbscs trcsfc`igfcjbs, qub

sgf lu`eg lcygrbs qub bj vgjulbf kbj fcr`gtrdi`g c fivbj iftbrfc`igfcj, g jc bfgrlb

trcfsdbrbf`ic kb rb`ursgs kbskb jcs b`gfglcs ls pbqubcs y kb lbfgrbs ifmrbsgs

c jgs pcsbs kbscrrgjjckgs.

Bf ?13? jgs obfbdi`igs gotbfikgs pgr jgs ifvbrsgrbs bxtrcfnbrgs jjbmcrgf c RP$

;54 lij lijjgfbs, jgs dgfkgs qub scjibrgf bf dgrlc kb prstclgs dubrgf kb ufgs

RP$ ?=4 lij lijjgfbs y bj pcmg kb iftbrbsbs kb jc kbukc bxtbrfc jjbm c RP$ 355

lij lijjgfbs. Jc ifvbrsif bxtrcfnbrc kirb`tc, jc cyukc, jcs ifvbrsigfbs kb pgrtc-

dgjig, jcs kgfc`igfbs y jcs rblbscs kb jgs trcocnckgrbs limrcftbs sulcf lbfgs

qub bstcs prkikcs. Qgr tcftg, bj scjkg fbtg kb jgs djungs iftbrfc`igfcjbs tbrlifc

sibfkg fbmctivg pcrc pcsbs `glg bj Qcrcmucy.

7/21/2019 ECONOMIA Y SOCIEDAD - N 28 - MARZO 2015 - PARAGUAY - PORTALGUARANI

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99LC_^G ?132

Gtrg puftg kb iftbrs bs bj rgj kbj sb`tgr privckg bf bj difcf`iclibftg kbj kb-

scrrgjjg y su pgtbf`icjikck pcrc `gftriouir cj kbscrrgjjg. Rfc kb jcs gp`igfbs kis-

`utikcs c fivbj lufkicj sgf jcs cjicfzcs poji`g privckcs, qub `glbfzcrgf c sbr

ilpjblbftckcs bf bj Qcrcmucy. Pif blocrmg, kbspus kb `csi trbs k`ckcs kb

bxpbribf`ics bf bj lufkg, if`jusg grmcfizc`igfbs `glg jc G@KB y bj Ocf`g Luf-

kicj pgfbf bf kukc jgs obfbdi`igs kb bsc dgrlc kb csg`ic`if4.

Bf jg qub rbspb`tc c jc kis`usif sgorb bj `cloig `jilti`g, si oibf bj Qcrcmucy fg

bst bftrb jgs pcsbs qub tibfb ilpc`tg kb`isivg bf bj `cjbftclibftg mjgocj, tcl-

oif bs `ibrtg qub bs ufg kb jgs pcsbs qub ls rpikclbftb bst kbstruybfkg

sus rb`ursgs fcturcjbs, `gf obfbdi`igs privctizckgs pcrc pg`gs, pbrg `gf `gfsb-

`ubf`ics fbmctivcs csulikcs pgr tgkgs. Qgr jg tcftg, fg kbob qubkcr cj lcrmbf

kbj kboctb lufkicj.

Bj Qcrcmucy, kbskb bj mgoibrfg y jc sg`ibkck ivij, kbob bstcr prbsbftb y pcrti`ipcr bf

bstgs dgrgs `gf ufc pgsturc dubrtb bf kbdbfsc kb sus iftbrbsbs, prgpumfcfkg ufc

iftbmrc`if cj lufkg qub mcrcfti`b bj `ulpjilibftg kb jgs `glprglisgs csulikgs

c fivbj iftbrfc`igfcj y jgs kbrb`egs kb tgkgs jgs pcrcmucygs y pcrcmucycs.

Bj eb`eg kb qub bj Qcrcmucy sbc c`tucjlbftb liblorg kbj @gfsbng kb Kbrb`egs Eu-

lcfgs kb jcs Fc`igfbs Rfikcs, qub jb bxpgfb cj bs`rutifig kb jc `glufikck iftbrfc-

`igfcj, ilpgfb cj mgoibrfg jc gojimc`if kb rbcjizcr lcygrbs bsdubrzgs pcrc mcrcftizcr

jgs kbrb`egs b`gfli`gs, sg`icjbs y `ujturcjbs kb jgs `iukckcfgs pcrcmucygs, pubs

jc lcygrc kb jgs ifki`ckgrbs kb bstb `glprglisg iftbrfc`igfcj uoi`cf cj pcs bf jgs

jtilgs jumcrbs kbj `gftifbftb.

Bf bstb prg`bsg kb kboctb, kbjiobrc`if y kb`isigfbs lufkicjbs ecy ufc gpgrtufi-

kck eistri`c qub bj Qcrcmucy fg kbob kbscprgvb`ecr. Bstg bs, tbfibfkg bf `ubftc

qub jcs Fc`igfbs Rfikcs gfstituybf jc ifstcf`ic ls kblg`rti`c bf bj loitg kb jc

mgobrfcfzc lufkicj. Rf pcs, uf vgtg, sif ilpgrtcr bj pbsg bf jc b`gfglc lufkicj,

c kidbrbf`ic kb jcs kbls ifstcf`ics iftbrfc`igfcjbs qub tibfbf mrcvitc`if bf jgs

c`ubrkgs lufkicjbs qub cdb`tcf c fubstrg pcs.

4 ettp>//www.gb`k.grm/gddi`icjkg`ulbfts/puoji`kispjcykg`ulbftpkd/7`gtb

7/21/2019 ECONOMIA Y SOCIEDAD - N 28 - MARZO 2015 - PARAGUAY - PORTALGUARANI

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313131

B@GFGLC / Pb`tgr _bcj

KIGFIPIG OG_KC

JC B@GFGLC KB FRBP[_G QCP BFD_BF[C KGP KBPCDGP SRB BP[B MGOIB_FG BP[GOJIMCKG C Q_IG_I^C_ Y _BPGJTB_ QC_C BTI[C_ KB_ITC@IGFBP DIFCF@IB_CP Y

BDB@[GP PG@ICJBP CKTB_PGP> I) LBNG_C_ JC _BMRJC@IF Y PRQB_TIPIF

KB JCP @GGQB_C[ITCP KB CEG__G Y @_KI[G8 Y, II) _BMRJC_ BJ DRF@IGFCLIBF[G KBJCP IFP[I[R@IGFBP SRB LCFBNCF DGFKGP KB QBFPIGFBP.

Bf ?130 bxistcf bf bj Qcrcmucy ;;5 `ggpbrctivcs kb cegrrg y `rkitg y sb``igfbs kb

cegrrg y `rkitg kb `ggpbrctivcs kb prgku``if, `gf ufc pcrti`ipc`if kb lbr`ckg kbj

30,2% (jc ls cjtc kb Jctifgclri`c) y ufc `cftikck kb sg`igs qub rbprbsbftcoc bj

;2,5% kb jc pgojc`if b`gfli`clbftb c`tivc (QBC)3. Bstcs `ggpbrctivcs gpbrcf bf bj

sbmlbftg kb jcs li`rg y pbqubcs blprbscs y kb jgs prstclgs kb `gfsulg.

Pif blocrmg, c pbscr kb su ilpgrtcf`ic b`gfli`c y kb su clpjic ocsb sg`icj, jc

ifstitu`if qub jcs supbrvisc, bj Ifstitutg Fc`igfcj kb @ggpbrctivislg (If`ggp), prb-sbftc prgojblcs kb mgobrfcfzc, pubs, kckc jc `gfstitu`if kb su kirb`tgrig?, sus

liblorgs sgf nub`bs y pcrtbs cj lislg tiblpg. Jcs `ggpbrctivcs sb bf`ubftrcf

c`tucjlbftb bf ufc situc`if kb ribsmg qub kbobrc sbr ctbfkikc lbngrcfkg bj lcr-

`g rbmujctgrig y jc `cpc`ikck kb supbrvisif, cj lislg tiblpg kb rbsmucrkcrjcs pcrc

bvitcr qub sbcf `cpturckcs pgr mrupgs kb iftbrbsbs pcrti`ujcrbs.

Bf bj `csg kb jgs dgfkgs kb pbfsigfbs, jc prif`ipcj kidi`ujtck `gfsistb bf jc `crbf`ic

kb uf lcr`g rbmujctgrig y ufc ifstcf`ic kb supbrvisif. Pi oibf bs `ibrtg qub jc

`gobrturc bs ocnc, ecy ufc mrcf ebtbrgmbfbikck kb pjcfbs kb nuoijc`if y, bf jc

lcygrc kb jgs `csgs, jcs `cncs kb pbfsigfbs ckgjb`bf kb kbsbquijiorigs bftrb cpgr-tbs y obfbdi`igs, y kb uf pgorb lcfbng difcf`ibrg kb sus rbsbrvcs. Jc `crc`tbrs-

ti`c prif`ipcj kb jgs dgfkgs kb nuoijc`igfbs bs qub `csi tgkgs ecf tbfikg prkikcs

simfidi`ctivcs kb rbsbrvcs qub c`bjbrcf bj kbs`cj`b difcf`ibrg qub sb `gfstituyb

bf pgtbf`icj pcsivg dis`cj.

@GGQB_C[ITCP KB CEG__G

Y @_BKI[G Y DGFKGPQ_BTIPIGFCJBP

3Crzoc`e, L. y jvcrg, K. (?13;). _bmujc`if y Pupbrvisif kb @ggpbrctivcs kb Clri`c Jctifc y bj @criob.@gfdbkbrc`if Cjblcfc kb @ggpbrctivcs. Pcf Ngs kb @gstc _i`c.

?_bprbsbftcftbs kb `ggpbrctivcs iftbmrcf bj kirb`tgrig y prgpgfbf jc tbrfc kb `cfkikctgs c prbsikbftb

kbj Ifstitutg, fglorckg pgr bj prbsikbftb kb jc _bpoji`c. Qcrc ls ifdgrlc`if kbj sb`tgr vbr> Difcf`icjPtcoijity Cssbsslbft _bpgrt (?133). ILD @guftry _bpgrt 33/395.

B@GFGLC Y PG@IBKCK CFJIPIP KB @GYRF[R_C LBFPRCJ

7/21/2019 ECONOMIA Y SOCIEDAD - N 28 - MARZO 2015 - PARAGUAY - PORTALGUARANI

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330

Bj kbs`cj`b difcf`ibrg kb jgs dgfkgs kb nuoijc`if kbj sb`tgr poji`g `gfstituy uf `glpgfbftb ilpgrtcftbkbj kdi`it dis`cj c prif`ipigs kb jgs cgs ?111.

33LC_^G ?132

Ckbls, glg jc dubftb kb cegrrg c jcrmg pjczg bst kbs`gfb`tckc kb jc kblcf-

kc kb rb`ursgs kb jcrmg pjczg, bj vc`g ifstitu`igfcj ec`b qub jc dubrtb kblcfkc

pcrc jc utijizc`if kb bstgs cegrrgs `gfdimurb uf kbscdg y uf ribsmg qub kbobf

sbr bfdrbftckgs. Jgs prgojblcs kbtb`tckgs bf bj sistblc sgf jc ocnc `gobrtu-

rc `bftrckc bf jgs quiftijbs ls ri`gs kb jc pgojc`if, jc kbsimucjkck bftrb jgs

pjcfbs kb nuoijc`if bxistbftbs, jc prkikc kb gpgrtufikck kb usg kb rb`ursgs

kb jcrmg pjczg bf jc b`gfglc y uf ribsmg dis`cj pgr bvbftucjbs quiborcs kb jcs

`cncs, g kdi`it gpbrctivg bf bxpcfsif `glg bst g`urribfkg `gf cjmufcs `cncs

kbj mgoibrfg.

Bftgf`bs, cftbs kb ir c jc utijizc`if lcsivc kb jgs rb`ursgs difcf`ibrgs kb jgs dgf-

kgs kb nuoijc`if, bs ilpbrctivc jc ilpjblbftc`if kb uf lcr`g jbmcj qub jgs supbr-

visb ckb`uckclbftb, cs `glg bs fb`bscrig rbsgjvbr jc csilbtrc qub egy bxistb

bftrb jgs pjcfbs kb nuoijc`if kbj sb`tgr poji`g0.

Bstgs kgs rbtgs, kbj lbngrclibftg kb jc supbrvisif kb jcs `ggpbrctivcs kb cegrrg y

`rkitg y kb jc rbmujc`if cprgpickc kb jgs dgfkgs kb pbfsigfbs, sgf tcf ilpgrtcftbs

`glg jc bxpcfsif kb jcs ifvbrsigfbs poji`cs pcrc supbrcr jgs `ubjjgs kb ogtbjjc kb

fubstrg kbscrrgjjg.

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3?3?

JCP DIFCF^CP QOJI@CP PB BF@RBF[_CF BF RFC KBJI@CKC PI[RC@IF Y TCF C@B_-@FKGPB CJ @RC_[G CG @GFPB@R[ITG KB KDI@I[ DIP@CJ. C QBPC_ KB BJJG, JGP

FLB_GP QGPI[ITGP KB CGP CF[B_IG_BP QB_LI[BF SRB CF BUIP[C RF LC_MBF

KB LCFIGO_C QC_C LCF[BFB_ BJ BSRIJIO_IG DIP@CJ. BP[B BSRIJIO_IG, PIF BLOC_MG,KBQBFKB KB JC Q_RKBF@IC DIP@CJ QC_C JGM_C_ RFC LCYG_ BDI@IBF@IC [CF[G BF

JC _B@CRKC@IF KB JGP [_IOR[GP @GLG BF JC CPIMFC@IF KB JGP _B@R_PGP, LB-NG_CFKG JC @CJIKCK KBJ MCP[G QOJI@G, @GF LP [_CFPQC_BF@IC IFDG_LC[ITC

Y LCYG_ CQB_[R_C C JC QC_[I@IQC@IF KB JC @IRKCKCFC BF JC MBP[IF QOJI@C.KGFKB LP PB FG[C JC DCJ[C KB ORBFC CKLIFIP[_C@IF BP BF JC KBDI@IBF[B R[IJI-^C@IF KB JGP _B@R_PGP KBJ DGFKG FC@IGFCJ KB IFTB_PIF QOJI@C Y KBPC__GJJG

(DGFC@IKB) QG_ JCP MGOB_FC@IGFBP Y LRFI@IQIGP, SRB GOBKB@B C JC QGO_B QJCFI-DI@C@IF [B__I[G_ICJ, JC KBOIJIKCK IFP[I[R@IGFCJ KB JGP _MCFGP KBJ @GF[_GJ Y

JC OCNC @CJIKCK KB JC QC_[I@IQC@IF @IRKCKCFC BF JCP KB@IPIGFBP KBJ MGOIB_FG.

Jc Jby kbj Dgfc`ikb3tibfb glg prif`ipcj gonbtivg csimfcr bf dgrlc rc`igfcj y bdi`ibf-

tb jgs ifmrbsgs qub bj pcs rb`iob bf `gf`bptg kb `glpbfsc`if pgr jc `bsif kb

jc bfbrmc kb jc Bftikck Oifc`igfcj Itcip cj Orcsij. Ki`ec csimfc`if fg ec jgmrckg,

sif blocrmg, sus gonbtivgs prigritcrigs c nuzmcr pgr jcs kbfuf`ics, rb`ioikcs kb c`tg-

rbs jg`cjbs y kb jc prbfsc, kb fg utijizc`if kb jgs rb`ursgs bf bj pjczg bstipujckg g

kb su usg pcrc gtrgs difbs kistiftgs c jgs bstcojb`ikgs bf jc jby. Kb c`ubrkg `gf jc

jbmisjc`if, cj lbfgs bj 21% kb jgs dgfkgs trcfsdbrikgs c jgs mgoibrfgs kbpcrtclbf-

tcjbs y lufi`ipcjikckbs kbob sbr kbstifckg c prgyb`tgs kb ifdrcbstru`turc bf bku`c-

`if (`gfstru``if, rblgkbjc`if, lcftbfilibftg y bquipclibftg kb `bftrgs bku`c-tivgs)8 bj 01% c prgyb`tgs kb cjlubrzg bs`gjcr kb figs y fics kb bku`c`if ifi`icj y

bku`c`if bs`gjcr osi`c kb ifstitu`igfbs bku`ctivcs kbj sb`tgr gdi`icj uoi`ckcs bf

`gftbxtgs vujfbrcojbs8 y, bj ?1% c ifvbrsigfbs bf bquipgs cklifistrctivgs y gtrcs

ifdrcbstru`turcs.

B@GFGLC / Pb`tgr Dis`cj

NRJIG _CL_B^_B@R_PGP QC_C

JC I__C@IGFCJIKCK YJC IFBDI@IBF@IC

B@GFGLC Y PG@IBKCK CFJIPIP KB @GYRF[R_C LBFPRCJ

3Jby F ;.=25/?13? qub rbc bj Dgfkg kb Ifvbrsif Qoji`c y Kbscrrgjjg.

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30LC_^G ?132

30

Jcs kbfuf`ics sgorb tcjbs eb`egs bxpgfbf ufc dubrtb kboijikck kb jcs ifstitu-

`igfbs `gftrcjgrcs kbj Bstckg bf su tcrbc kb ec`br uf `grrb`tg sbmuilibftg kb

jc utijizc`if kb dgfkgs y kb ilpcrtir nusti`ic bdi`ibftb. Pb `rbc, cs, uf `gftbxtg

kb if`bftivgs pbrvbrsgs pcrc kbjifquir, yc qub ufc jbmisjc`if jcxc y uf Bstckg

if`cpcz kb `gftrgjcr y `cstimcr gdrb`bf bj cloibftb pbrdb`tg pcrc kbsvicr jgs

rb`ursgs c gtrgs difbs, if`jusg cj difcf`iclibftg kb `clpccs bjb`tgrcjbs g cjprgpig bfriqub`ilibftg pbrsgfcj.

Pi oibf jgs rb`ursgs kbj Dgfc`ikb fg tibfbf uf bjbvckg pbsg bf bj Qrbsupubstg

Mbfbrcj kb Mcstgs kb jc Fc`if, bf trlifgs cosgjutgs sgf lgftgs fckc kbsprb-

`icojbs qub bj Bstckg fg sb pubkb kcr bj jung kb csimfcr y bnb`utcr ifbdi`ibftblbf-

tb. Kb eb`eg, jgs rb`ursgs trcfsdbrikgs c jcs mgobrfc`igfbs y lufi`ipcjikckbs

pcscrgf kb RP$ 05 lijjgfbs bf ?13? c RP$ =3,2 lijjgfbs bf ?13;, jg qub rbprb-

sbft uf if`rblbftg kb 55% bf trbs cgs (@uckrg 3).

Dubftb>Lifistbrig kb Ec`ibfkc.

CG ?13;CG ?130CG ?13?KBP@_IQ@IF

4?.?453;,1

?22.24;2=

03=.50?=3,2

=0.9??3=,?

035.15?=0,9

09?.11;93,3

09.0425,9

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Mgobrfc`igfbs M Lijjgfbs RP$ LijjgfbsLufi`ipigs M Lijjgfbs RP$ Lijjgfbs

[gtcj M Lijjgfbs RP$ Lijjgfbs

@RCK_G 3> _B@R_PGP KBJ DGFC@IKB [_CFPDB_IKGPC MGOIB_FGP PROFC@IGFCJBP

Jcs sulcs sgf ls ilpgrtcftbs `ucfkg sb `gfsikbrcf tgkcs jcs trcfsdbrbf`ics qub

jgs mgoibrfgs suofc`igfcjbs rb`iobf kb jc cklifistrc`if `bftrcj. Bf ?132 jgs lufi`i-

pigs rb`ioirf uf tgtcj kb RP$ 34? lijjgfbs bf `gf`bptg kb rgycjtibs y Dgfc`ikb, y jcs

mgobrfc`igfbs RP$ ?1; lijjgfbs bf `gf`bptg kb rgycjtibs, Dgfc`ikb, nubmgs kb czcr,

rb`ursgs kbj [bsgrg y gtrgs. Jc csimfc`if tgtcj kb jgs rb`ursgs cj`cfzc, kb bstc lcfb-

rc, jgs RP$ 042,5 lijjgfbs (@uckrg ?).

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3;3;B@GFGLC Y PG@IBKCK CFJIPIP KB @GYRF[R_C LBFPRCJ

Dubftb>Lifistbrig kb Ec`ibfkc.(*) [rcfsdbrbf`ics bstilckcs sbmf Qjcf Difcf`ibrg ?132.

RP$ LIJJGFBPMP. LIJJGFBPKBP@_IQ@IF

34?31424

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=49.93021?.=;??4=.3=3

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2;.4?9;5.;52312.;913;1.21124.3;;;?.19523.9=50?.02?;1.2210?.?32

Lufi`ipigs_gycjtibsDgfc`ikbMgobrfc`igfbs (*)@gf`bp`ifPcf Qbkrg@grkijjbrcMucir@ccmucz@cczcpItcpu

LisigfbsQcrcmucrCjtg Qcrcf@bftrcjbblou`Clclocy@cfifkbyQrbsikbftb EcybsOgqubrfCjtg Qcrcmucy

@RCK_G ?> _B@R_PGP C PB_ [_CFPDB_IKGP C LRFI@IQIGP YMGOB_FC@IGFBP BF ?132

Bstcs trcfsdbrbf`ics sb rbcjizcf `gf bj crmulbftg kb jc kbs`bftrcjizc`if y jc lbngr y ls

bdi`ibftb csimfc`if kb rb`ursgs pbrg, bf rbcjikck, ki`egs rb`ursgs fg `ulpjbf `gf bj

gonbtivg kb kbscrrgjjcr jcs `glufikckbs c jcs `ucjbs vcf kbstifckgs. Bs ls, bj usg kb

jgs dgfkgs bst jimckg c kivbrsgs eb`egs kb `grrup`if kbfuf`ickgs pgr jc sg`ibkck `ivij.

Bs fb`bscrig, pubs, corir bj kboctb sgorb jc fb`bsikck kb jgmrcr ufc vbrkckbrc kbs`bf-

trcjizc`if, ocng jc prblisc kb qub jgs mgoibrfgs jg`cjbs bstf ls `gfb`tckgs c sus

rbmigfbs y c jcs fb`bsikckbs kb jc pgojc`if. Bf ki`eg kboctb sb kbobrcf, fb`bsc-

riclbftb, pjcftbcr cj lbfgs jgs simuibftbs puftgs>

c) Jc fb`bsikck kb dgrtcjb`br jc `cpc`ikck kb mbstif y kbscrrgjjg kb prgyb`tgs kbjgs mgoibrfgs suofc`igfcjbs. Jgs lislgs fg pgsbbf, mbfbrcjlbftb, uf kbpcrtc-

lbftg kb prgyb`tgs kgfkb pubkcf cfcjizcr jc dc`tioijikck kb `ckc kb`isif kb uti-

jizc`if kb rb`ursgs, tglcfkg bf `ubftc tcftg bj cspb`tg t`fi`g `glg bj sg`icj

kb `ckc prgyb`tg. Pb kbob `gfsikbrcr jc pgsioijikck kb utijizcr pcrc bstb dif ufc pcrtb

kb jgs rb`ursgs trcfsdbrikgs c jcs mgobrfc`igfbs kbpcrtclbftcjbs y c jcs lufi`i-

pcjikckbs.

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32LC_^G ?132

32

o) Jc `gfbxif fb`bscric kb jgs prgyb`tgs rbmigfcjbs y jg`cjbs `gf jgs pjcfbs fc-`igfcjbs. Ecstc cegrc jgs pjcfbs bjcogrckgs bf bj pcs ecf `gfsikbrckg bj

pjcfg rbmigfcj fi`clbftb bf jc tbgrc, pbrg bf jc pr`ti`c fg sb trcfsdibrbf

`cpc`ikckbs c jgs mgoibrfgs jg`cjbs pcrc qub jgs prgmrclcs bstf bf siftg-

fc bftrb jg jg`cj y jg fc`igfcj.

`) Jc lbngrc kb jgs lb`cfislgs kb `gftrgj. Egy bf kc bxistb lu`egs rbquisitgscklifistrctivgs qub jgs mgoibrfgs suofc`igfcjbs fg `ulpjbf pgrqub jgs `gf-

trgjbs sgf koijbs y bjbvckgs jgs if`bftivgs c jc lcjvbrsc`if, kb lcfbrc qub

jgs bsqublcs kb `grrup`if simubf iftc`tgs. Rfc bvcjuc`if kb jgs lb`cfis-

lgs cklifistrctivgs kb `gftrgj y scf`if sgf ls qub fb`bscrigs.

k) Jc pgtbf`ic`if kb jgs lb`cfislgs kb trcfspcrbf`ic y jc pcrti`ipc`if kb jc `iu-kckcfc bf jgs prgyb`tgs, qub kbobf sbr ilpjblbftckgs kbskb bj ifi`ig kb jgs

prgyb`tgs pcrc rbdjbncr jcs vbrkckbrcs prigrikckbs kb jc `glufikck. C`tucjlbftb,jcs prigrikckbs kb jgs mgoibrfgs jg`cjbs, rbspgfkbf, ls oibf, c iftbrbsbs pgjti-

`gs cftbs qub c jcs kb jc sg`ibkck bf su gfnuftg. Ifstrulbftgs `glg bj mgoibrfg

coibrtg, bj prbsupubstg pcrti`ipctivg, jc rbfki`if kb `ubftcs y jc `gftrcjgrc `iukckc-

fc sgf blifbftblbftb fb`bscrigs pbrg pgorblbftb cpji`ckgs pgr jgs iftbfkbf-

tbs y mgobrfckgrbs.

b) Jc ilpjblbftc`if kb uf sistblc kb lgfitgrbg y bvcjuc`if kb jgs prgyb`tgs difcf-`ickgs `gf jgs rb`ursgs trcfsdbrikgs pgr bj mgoibrfg `bftrcj bs gtrc lctbric pbfkibf-

tb. Pif bstc ebrrclibftc bs ilpgsiojb `gfg`br jc rbcj bdi`ibf`ic y bj rbtgrfg sg`icj kb

`ckc mucrcf ifvbrtikg kb jgs dgfkgs trcfsdbrikgs pgr jc cklifistrc`if `bftrcj. Jc

bxpbribf`ic iftbrfc`igfcj bfsbc qub sgjclbftb gf bstgs sistblcs sb pubkb jgmrcr

uf kbscrrgjjg sgstbfiojb kb jcrmg pjczg.

Qgr jtilg, kbob bxistir ufc lcygr `bjbrikck kb jgs grmcfislgs kb `gftrgj pcrc il-

pgfbr scf`igfbs qub, bf `gfbxif `gf jc cklifistrc`if kb jc nusti`ic, `cstimubf

sbvbrclbftb c tgkgs jgs rbspgfscojbs (iftbfkbftbs, `gf`bncjbs, duf`igfcrigs) kb

jgs c`tgs kb lcjvbrsc`if y `grrup`if qub `ckc kc mcfcf ls bspc`ig bf jgs

lbkigs kb prbfsc, jg qub simfidi`c qub fg sb bst jgmrcfkg lbngrcr jc kurcs `gf-

ki`igfbs kb vikc kb ufc mrcf pcrtb kb jgs ecoitcftbs kbj pcs.

7/21/2019 ECONOMIA Y SOCIEDAD - N 28 - MARZO 2015 - PARAGUAY - PORTALGUARANI

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3434

B@GFGLC / Pb`tgr Difcf`ibrg

KIBMGKRC_[B

P@ERPPLRJJB_

C QBPC_ KB SRB JC B@GFGLC QC_CMRCYC FB@BPI[C Q_GDRFKCP _BDG_LCPBF TC_ICP _BCP QC_C BJ JGM_G KB PCJ[GP @RCJI[C[ITGP ILQG_[CF[BP SRB

QB_KR_BF BF BJ [IBLQG, EIP[_I@CLBF[B EROG QG@CP IFI@IC[ITCP KB Q_GYB@[GP

[_CFPDG_LCKG_BP. SRBKC, BF[GF@BP, JC CJ[B_FC[ITC KB QBFPC_ BF G[_CPC@@IGFBP SRB Q_GTBFMCF [CF[G KBJ PB@[G_ QOJI@G @GLG Q_ITCKG Y SRB, PIF JC

Q_B[BFPIF KB _BDG_LCP Q_GDRFKCP, QG_ JG LBFGP CYRKBF C QG[BF@IC_ @IB_[GPPB@[G_BP SRB [IBFBF CJ[C IF@IKBF@IC BF JC LC_@EC KB JC B@GFGLC. CJMRFCPKB JCP Q_GQRBP[CP BUQRBP[CP C @GF[IFRC@IF [RTIB_GF @IB_[G CTCF@B BF BJ

QCPCKG, QB_G FG CJ@CF^C_GF PRDI@IBF[B KBPC__GJJG.

Jgs mrbligs kbj sistblc difcf`ibrg y `ggpbrctivg. Bstgs pgkrcf tbfbr ufc c`tuc`if

kbstc`ckc bf `glits t`fi`gs qub `ggrkifbf c``igfbs pcrc iffgvcr sgorb `ibrtgs prg-

ku`tgs qub yc bxistbf bf bj lbr`ckg. Kbskb jgs mrbligs sb pgkrcf ilpujscr `glitskb jc vivibfkc, kb pylbs, kb difcf`iclibftg kb jc dgrbstc`if g rbdgrbstc`if, kb dc`tg-

rifm3, kb jbcsifm?y kb difcf`iclibftg kb bstukigs supbrigrbs (ufivbrsitcrigs y kb pgst-

mrckg), bftrb gtrgs, rbviscfkg cspb`tgs qub prb`iscf kb lbngrcs bf trlifgs jbmcjbs,

kb trctclibftg ilpgsitivg, kb prg`bsgs, bt`., `gf bj gonbtivg kb pgtbf`icrjgs. Bf ki`ecs

ifi`ictivcs pgkrcf trcocncr bf `gfnuftg `gf bftikckbs kbj Bstckg.

Jgs `itckgs mrbligs tcloif pgkrcf prgpi`icr, bf `gfnuftg `gf ufivbrsikckbs, prg-

mrclcs kb ob`cs g pcscftcs kirimikgs c bstukicftbs ufivbrsitcrigs g ifvbstimckg-

rbs mrckuckgs qub bstf iftbrbsckgs bf rbcjizcr tbsis g bstukigs rbjc`igfckgs gf

bj sistblc difcf`ibrg, bj lbr`ckg kb vcjgrbs g bj sb`tgr `ggpbrctivg. Bj pcs fb`b-sitc qub bj lbr`ckg jcogrcj y jc c`ckblic sb ufcf, y jgs mrbligs pgkrcf brimirsb

bf ilpgrtcftbs ilpujsgrbs kb bsc `gjcogrc`if. Bf pcsbs `glg @eijb, Orcsij y

@gjgloic, pgr `itcr sgjg cjmufgs, bxistbf ifi`ictivcs iftbrbscftbs bf`crckcs pgr

mrbligs kbj sistblc difcf`ibrg qub `uorbf jcs c``igfbs cftbs kbs`riptcs.

C@@IGFBP QBFKIBF[BP QC_C

QG[BF@IC_ JC B@GFGLC KBPKBBJ PIP[BLC DIFCF@IB_G Y @GGQB_C[ITG

B@GFGLC Y PG@IBKCK CFJIPIP KB @GYRF[R_C LBFPRCJ

3Bj Ocf`g Lufkicj ec gdrb`ikg bf jgs jtilgs cgs csistbf`ic t`fi`c pcrc jc ilpjblbftc`if kb bsqublcs

kb dc`tgrifm bfdg`ckg c Qylbs, kgfkb jc ocf`c kb sbmufkg pisg, bj lbr`ckg kb vcjgrbs y jcs ifstitu`igfbs

difcf`ibrcs nubmcf uf rgj kbstc`ckg.?Bf pcsbs kb jc rbmif bj jbcsifm difcf`ibrg lubvb lijbs kb lijjgfbs kb kjcrbs cj cg bf bj difcf`iclibftg

kb bquipclibftgs, lcquifcrics, vbe`ujgs, bt`. Bxistbf bftikckbs difcf`ibrcs kb jc rbmif kispubstcs c`glpcrtir sus bxpbribf`ics. Jg`cjlbftb `gftclgs `gf ufc jby qub `rbc jc dimurc kbj jbcsifm pbrg bst

pbfkibftb su rbmjclbftc`if.

7/21/2019 ECONOMIA Y SOCIEDAD - N 28 - MARZO 2015 - PARAGUAY - PORTALGUARANI

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3=LC_^G ?132

3=

Bj dgfkg kb mcrcftc kb kbpsitgs kbj sb`tgr `ggpbrctivg. Bs kb vitcj ilpgrtcf-

`ic qub bj sb`tgr `ggpbrctivg tbrlifb kb bstru`turcr uf dgfkg kb mcrcftc kb

kbpsitgs kbstifckg c prb`cutbjcr jgs cegrrgs kb sus csg`ickgs. Pu bxistbf`ic

gtgrmcr lcygr dgrtcjbzc cj sb`tgr, pubs litimcr jgs ribsmgs ilpgrtcftbs kb

jiquikbz. Bj Ifstitutg Fc`igfcj kb @ggpbrctivislg (IF@GGQ), bftikck poji`c bf-

`crmckc kb rbmujcr cj sb`tgr `ggpbrctivg, ec cvcfzckg bf bj kbjifbclibftg kbbstb dgfkg `gf bj cpgyg kb gtrcs ifstitu`igfbs kbj Bstckg y kb grmcfislgs If-

tbrfc`igfcjbs pbrg, trcs vcrigs cgs kb cfjisis, su ilpjblbftc`if fg ec sikg

pgsiojb ecstc cegrc pgr jc dcjtc kb kb`isigfbs pgjti`cs.

Pistblc iftbmrckg kb `bftrcjbs kb ribsmgs. Bj Ocf`g @bftrcj kbj Qcrcmucy (O@Q)

y bj IF@GGQ kbobrcf dusigfcr sus `bftrcjbs kb ribsmgs y kbjifbcr ufc bstrctbmic

pcrc if`grpgrcr cj Dgfkg kb Mcrcftc kb Lipylbs y c `cscs kb `rkitg. Bjjg cyukc-

r c `gfg`br lbngr jgs fivbjbs kb bfkbukclibftg kb jcs pbrsgfcs y `gftriouir bf

jgs prg`bsgs kb tglc kb kb`isigfbs sgorb bj gtgrmclibftg kb jfbcs kb `rkitg y

kb mbstif kb jc lgrgsikck. If`jusivb, tbfkrc pgr rbsujtckg lbngrbs `gfki`igfbskb tcscs kb iftbrs y kb rbqubrilibftgs kb mcrcftcs, cj ecobr lcygr ifdgrlc`if

sgorb `ckc `jibftb.

Clpjic`if kb ifdgrlc`if cj poji`g. Jc lcygr ifdgrlc`if poji`c sgorb bj sistblc

difcf`ibrg y `ggpbrctivg cyukcr c litimcr ribsmgs, c jc ckb`uckc dgrlujc`if kb pg-

jti`cs poji`cs, cj culbftg kb jc `gfdicfzc b, if`jusivb, c jc rbku``if kb tcscs kb

iftbrs. Bs ilpgrtcftb, pgr bnblpjg, qub jc gpifif poji`c `ubftb `gf ifdgrlc`if

difcf`ibrc kbtcjjckc y c`tucjizckc kb jcs `ggpbrctivcs. @gfsikbrcfkg qub bj IF@GGQ

rb`iob rbmujcrlbftb ifdgrlc`if difcf`ibrc kb jcs `ggpbrctivcs c trcvs kb ufc eb-

rrclibftc ifdgrlti`c jjclckc Cjbrtc [blprcfc, jc puoji`c`if kb ki`ec ifdgrlc-

`if kbpbfkb fi`clbftb kb kb`isigfbs pgjti`cs. [cloif bs ilpgrtcftb qub bj poji`g

c``bkc c lcygr ifdgrlc`if sgorb bj `gorg kb tcscs y `glisigfbs bf bj sistblc

difcf`ibrg y `ggpbrctivg, jg qub sb trcku`ir bf culbftg kb jc `glpbtbf`ic bftrb jcs

bftikckbs difcf`ibrcs y lbfgrbs rb`jclgs kb jc `iukckcfc.

Dgrtcjb`ilibftg kbj sistblc kb mcrcftcs. Bj Dgfkg kb Mcrcftc pcrc jcs Lipylbs

bs uf prgyb`tg kb jcrmc kctc qub ecstc bj kc kb egy fg ec sikg `glpjbtclbftb

ilpjblbftckg, `ucfkg su bftrckc bf gpbrc`if cyukcr c litimcr jcs rbstri``ig-

fbs kb difcf`iclibftg qub egy bfdrbftcf lu`ecs lipylbs. Bs ls, su pubstc

bf duf`igfclibftg pgkrc prgpi`icr jc `rbc`if kb gtrgs dgfkgs kb mcrcftc qub

`gjcogrbf, pgr bnblpjg, `gf bj difcf`iclibftg kb vivibfkcs pcrc dclijics qub prb-

`isbf kb mcrcftcs cki`igfcjbs pcrc c``bkbr c jc `csc prgpic. Jc lcygrc kb jgs

pcsbs kb jc rbmif `ubftcf `gf bstgs lb`cfislgs kb mcrcftcs qub ecf tbfikg

uf ilpc`tg simfidi`ctivg bf sus b`gfglcs.

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3535

C`tucjizc`if kbj lcr`g nurki`g kb jc ocf`c poji`c kb kbscrrgjjg. Ec`bf dcjtc

lgkidi`c`igfbs jbmcjbs qub dgrtcjbz`cf bj mgoibrfg `grpgrctivg, jc litimc`if

kb ribsmgs, jgs `gftrgjbs, jc bdi`ibf`ic gpbrctivc y jc trcfspcrbf`ic ifdgrlctivc

kb jcs bftikckbs qub `gfdgrlcf jc ocf`c poji`c kb kbscrrgjjg (Ocf`g Fc`igfcj

kb Dglbftg - OFD, Cmbf`ic Difcf`ibrc kb Kbscrrgjjg - CDK, Dgfkg Mcfckbrg y

@rkitg Cmr`gjc kb Ecoijitc`if - @CE) y jgs cyukb c cj`cfzcr jgs gonbtivgs pcrcjgs `ucjbs dubrgf `rbckcs. Jc CDK `ubftc `gf uf prgyb`tg kb c`tucjizc`if kb

su lcr`g nurki`g, qub jb cyukcrc c kifclizcr y clpjicr sus gpbrc`igfbs, qub

ec sikg prbsbftckg bf bj pcsckg rb`ibftb c jcs ifstcf`ics poji`cs `grrbspgf-

kibftbs. Bj OFD kispgfb kb ufc ilpgrtcftb csistbf`ic t`fi`c kb uf grmcfislg

lujtijctbrcj pcrc su dgrtcjb`ilibftg ifstitu`igfcj. Suizs sbrc `gfvbfibftb qub

kbskb bj Qgkbr Bnb`utivg sb rbc`tivb jc Lbsc kb @ggrkifc`if kb Bftikckbs

Difcf`ibrcs Qoji`cs `gf bj gonbtivg kb cpgycr jc rpikc `gf`rb`if bstgs prg-

yb`tgs y kb trcocncr rpikclbftb bf fubvcs ifi`ictivcs.

Bj tiblpg cprblic pcrc prgku`ir cvcf`bs `gf`rbtgs bf bstgs y gtrgs tblcs, cprg-vb`ecfkg jc c`tucj `gyufturc b`gfli`c dcvgrcojb qub fg kurcr pcrc siblprb. Jc

kijc`if bf jjbvcr c `cog jcs c``igfbs g rbdgrlcs pgkrc tbfbr cjtgs `gstgs b`gfli-

`gs, sg`icjbs y pgjti`gs ls tcrkb, `ucfkg bf lglbftgs kb `risis bj pcs fb`bsitb

jcs ebrrclibftcs qub sb kbncrgf kb kbscrrgjjcr.

B@GFGLC Y PG@IBKCK CFJIPIP KB @GYRF[R_C LBFPRCJ

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393939

B@GFGLC / Pb`tgr Bxtbrfg

DB_FCFKG LCPI

CJ GOPB_TC_ JCP [BFKBF@ICP KB JC B@GFGLC QC_CMRCYC PB QRBKB CKTB_[I_SRB BF JC J[ILC K@CKC PB EC IFI@ICKG RF Q_G@BPG KB LGKIDI@C@IGFBP KB PRBP[_R@[R_C, SRB KCF JRMC_ CJ Q_BKGLIFIG KB JCP C@[ITIKCKBP Q_GKR@[ITCP

PGO_B BJ @GLB_@IG KB [_ICFMRJC@IF. BJ PGP[BFILIBF[G Y @GFPGJIKC@IFKB BP[B Q_G@BPG KBQBFKB_ KBJ @GLQG_[CLIBF[G KB JCP IFTB_PIGFBP YKB JC CQJI@C@IF KB RFC QGJ[I@C @GLB_@ICJ BUQG_[CKG_C IF[BJIMBF[B.

Kbskb bj @CKBQ siblprb eblgs sgstbfikg qub bj lgkbjg b`gfli`g pcrcmucyg sb

sustbftcoc sgorb trbs c`tivikckbs> jc bxpgrtc`if kb lctbrics prilcs, jc rbbxpgrtc`if

g tricfmujc`if y jc vbftc kb bfbrmc eikrgbj`tri`c c fubstrgs vb`ifgs.

Bf jgs cgs 91, jc c`tivikck ls kifli`c kb bstcs trbs brc jc rbbxpgrtc`if, `glg jgs

vcjgrbs kb jcs trcfsc``igfbs jg kblgstrcocf `jcrclbftb. Libftrcs jc vbftc kb bfbrmc

bj`tri`c sb lcftbfc bftrb RP$ 011 y RP$ 211 lijjgfbs pgr cg y jcs bxpgrtc`igfbs kb

prgku`tgs grimifcrigs kbj pcs, lcygrlbftb lctbrics prilcs cmr`gjcs, cpbfcs cj`cf-

zcocf uf prglbkig kb RP$ 3.111 lijjgfbs, jc rbbxpgrtc`if g tricfmujc`if tripji`coc

bstc jtilc `idrc. Pb pgkrc kb`ir, bftgf`bs, qub jc vbftcnc `glpcrctivc kbj Qcrcmucy

rbsikc bf jcs gpbrc`igfbs kb rbbxpgrtc`if. Bj Qcrcmucy brc, kbdifitivclbftb, uf pcs

tricfmujckgr.

BUQG_[C@IGFBP TP. _BBUQG_[C@IGFBP BF JGP CGP _B@IBF[BP

Jcs tbfkbf`ics `glbfzcrgf c `cloicr bf jc k`ckc kb ?111 `glg rbsujtckg kb ki-

vbrsgs dc`tgrbs. Bf prilbr jumcr, jc `risis b`gfli`c orcsijbc kb 3999 ifdjuy kb

lcfbrc kb`isivc bf jc rbku``if kbj `glbr`ig kb tricfmujc`if ecstc bj cg ?112.

Bf bsb cg, tcftg jcs kb`isigfbs kbj Lbr`gsur kb bxtbfkbr jcs bx`bp`igfbs crcf-

`bjcrics cj _milbf kb [urislg, `glg jc kb`isif fc`igfcj kb ufc lcygr rbocnc

crcf`bjcric y kb ilpubstgs iftbrfgs c jgs oibfbs kb ifdgrlti`c y gtrgs, cyukcrgf

c ufc rb`upbrc`if ilpgrtcftb kbj `glbr`ig kb tricfmujc`if. Cs, bf bj cg ?133

jcs `idrcs kb rbbxpgrtc`if cj`cfzcocf uf pi`g kb RP$ 2.111 lijjgfbs.

KB JC _BBUQG_[C@IF

C JC Q_GKR@@IF

LC_^G ?132

7/21/2019 ECONOMIA Y SOCIEDAD - N 28 - MARZO 2015 - PARAGUAY - PORTALGUARANI

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?1?1

Pif blocrmg, bf sbmufkg jumcr, jcs bxpgrtc`igfbs kb prgku`tgs grimifcrigs bx-

pbrilbftcrgf uf scjtg sif prb`bkbftbs y jjbmcrgf c supbrcr jgs vcjgrbs kb jc

rbbxpgrtc`if, ecstc pr`ti`clbftb kgojcrjgs bf bj cg ?13;. Bj if`rblbftg

simfidi`ctivg kb jc bxpgrtc`if `gif`iki, ckbls, `gf jc `ckc sgstbfikc kbj `glbr-

`ig kb rbbxpgrtc`if c pcrtir kbj ?13?, `cusckc bsbf`icjlbftb pgr bj kbtbrigrg

kb jc situc`if b`gfli`c kbj Orcsij, prif`ipcj lbr`ckg kb jgs oibfbs rbbxpgr-tckgs pgr bj Qcrcmucy.

Bj kifclislg kb jcs bxpgrtc`igfbs kb prgku`tgs grimifcrigs tibfb qub vbr `gf bj

oggl kb `gllgkitibs qub tuvg jumcr bf Clri`c Jctifc bf jgs jtilgs kibz g

quif`b cgs. Bf bj `csg kbj Qcrcmucy bjjg sb trckung bf uf culbftg ilpgrtcftb

kb jc prgku``if y bxpgrtc`if kb lctbrics prilcs cmr`gjcs (sgnc, trimg, lcz,

crrgz) y, ls rb`ibftblbftb, kbj prg`bsclibftg kb bstcs lctbrics prilcs (`crfb

`gfmbjckc, c`bitbs, pbjjbts, bt`.). Kb eb`eg, bf bj cg ?13; jcs bxpgrtc`igfbs cmrg-

ifkustricjbs (cmrgcjilbftcrics) kbj Qcrcmucy jjbmcrgf c rbprbsbftcr bj ;2% kb jcs

bxpgrtc`igfbs tgtcjbs kbj pcs (GOBI, ?132).

Qbrg cj lislg tiblpg qub bstb oggl kb jgs `gllgkitibs cmr`gjcs y cmrgifkustric-

jbs sb kbscrrgjjcoc, tcloif tbfc jumcr uf kifclislg ilpgrtcftb kbj sb`tgr ifkus-

tricj fg cmr`gjc. Jc ifkustric tbxtij y kb vbstilbftc, jc ifkustric quli`c y kb pjsti`gs

y jc ifkustric kbj `ubrg dubrgf jgs lgtgrbs kbj `rb`ilibftg kb bstb sb`tgr lcfudc`-

turbrg, `uycs vbftcs cj bxtbrigr jjbmcrgf bf ?13; cj 34% kbj tgtcj kb bxpgrtc`igfbs.

Qgr prilbrc vbz jcs bxpgrtc`igfbs kb lctbrics prilcs kbncrgf kb `gfstituir jc lcygr

pcrtb kb jcs vbftcs kbj Qcrcmucy c jgs lbr`ckgs bxtbrfgs, pcrti`ipcfkg `gf sgjg bj

09% kbj tgtcj bf ?13;.

B@GFGLC Y PG@IBKCK CFJIPIP KB @GYRF[R_C LBFPRCJ

QC_CMRCY> BUQG_[C@IGFBP TP. _BBUQG_[C@IGFBP(LIJJGFBP KB RP$)

3991

3995

?114

399;

?11?

?131

399?

?111

?115

3994

?11;

?13?

3993

3999

?11=

3992

?110

?133

3990

?113

?119

399=

?112

?130

?13;

Bxpgrt. _bbxpgrt.5.111

;.111

?.111

3.111

0.111

2.111

4.111

=.111

-

Dubftb>@CKBQ-GOBI.

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