eclac disaster assessment eclac disaster assessment training manual section v (ii) coastal...
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ECLAC Disaster ECLAC Disaster Assessment Assessment Training
Manual
Section V (ii) Coastal Engineering:
Reconstruction – Management and Mitigation
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ObjectivesObjectives
To familiarize the assessor with the process that should be followed in organizing any reconstruction efforts.
· To emphasize the importance of accessing a proper data base during the reconstruction process, and of using appropriate design criteria.
· To outline the necessity for post construction efforts, which should include proper monitoring and maintenance.
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Management RequirementManagement Requirement 1 1[Understanding the cause of the disaster][Understanding the cause of the disaster]
Knowledge of the National Hurricane Centre database of storms, which dates back to 1876 (http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/); rainfall records;
Proper hindcasting of hurricane waves from a knowledge of the hurricane wind field;
Transformation of the hurricane wave climate from deep water to the nearshore zones;
Extremal analysis of the hindcast wave climate or rainfall records, so that design conditions can be extracted. [What return period should be used for design? 50 year or 100 year]
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Management RequirementManagement Requirement 1 1[Understanding the cause of the disaster][Understanding the cause of the disaster]
What part does climate change play, if any, in the development of a design criterion?
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Management Requirement 2Management Requirement 2[What can be affected by the disaster[What can be affected by the disaster]]
This requires proper mapping of the coastal/river infrastructure, which in turn calls for knowledge of the following:
Locations, physical extents and condition of coastal and river infrastructure;
Extent of coastal communities, population, location of critical infrastructure, degree of vulnerability;
Representation of this data on digital mapping is desirable, or at the very least, on 1:2500 scale mapping;
Definition of coastal infrastructure such as roads, etc.
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Grande Anse Bay, Grenada
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Dominica
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Management Requirement 3:Management Requirement 3:[How damages are effected][How damages are effected]
Requires a sound knowledge of the processes that can result in damage to coastal/river infrastructure and shorelines. These include:
Beach characteristics, seabed bathymetry and sediment processes;
Benthic substrates in the relevant nearshore areas; Nearshore wave climates for design and perhaps day-to-day
conditions; Tidal fluctuations, global sea level rise and storm surge
estimates; Effect of existing and proposed sea defences on shoreline
processes; and River hydrology/hydaulics
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Mitigation Strategy & Data Mitigation Strategy & Data RequirementsRequirements
[Implementing protection against diasters][Implementing protection against diasters]
Design and construction of coastal defence or river training works. Data requirements include:
Topographic & bathymetric survey (admiralty charts); Preliminary engineering design of shore protection or
river training works (concept development, site understanding, recommended options);
Preliminary costing of works (examples from similar works);
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Mitigation Strategy & Data Mitigation Strategy & Data RequirementsRequirements
[Implementing protection against diasters][Implementing protection against diasters] EIA for proposed works (develop terms of reference
approved by regulatory agencies); Modification of Preliminary Design to accommodate EIA
findings, and presentation of results; Selection of the preferred option; Final design of works (must be designed to withstand
impacts). Preparation of the contract doicuments; The tender process; and Construction of the works.
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Protection against disasters can also take the form of building setbacks, emergency relief planning, improvements to the building code, or preperation of a CZMP. This process requires:
A sound knowledge of the areas most at risk (socio-economic data);
Knowledge of the population and infrastructure within the risk area (vulnerability assessment);
Identification of safe shelters (emergency response planning requires that shelters be accessible during hurricane conditions);
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2-Tonne boulder in lobby of Trident Hotel – a good case for set-back limits?
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Protection further includes:Protection further includes:
A proper evacuation plan (disaster management planning);
Improvements to the building codes (required for CUBIC);
Development of a CZMP, which can be used as a vulnerability reduction tool.
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Mitigation Strategies (cont’d)Mitigation Strategies (cont’d)[Ensuring longevity of defence investment][Ensuring longevity of defence investment]
This requires proper maintenance of coastal/river defence works/. Issues to be considered here include:
Monitoring of shoreline movement or change on a regular basis (beach profile monitoring on a regular basis);
Evaluation of effectiveness of sea defence or river training works;
Estimation of residual life left in structure or works; and of the need to do repairs to works;
Evaluation of long-term impacts, if any, on the adjacent shoreline, and the need to modify works to minimise any identified impacts.
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Negril after Hurricane Mitch
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Self AssessmentSelf Assessment
By this stage you should be able to evaluate the necessary steps required to evaluate, design, implement and monitor the reconstruction works that would be needed following a disaster.