ecet 211 electric machines & control lecture 1-1 electrical...

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ECET 211 Electric Machines & Control

Lecture 1-1

Electrical Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution

Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology

P.E. States of Indiana & California

Dept. of Computer, Electrical and Information Technology

Purdue University Fort Wayne Campus

Prof. Paul Lin

1-1. Electrical Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution

The Electrical Power System• Electrical Power Generation (power plants): Generators

• Step-up Transmission Substation: Step-up Transformers

• Electrical Power Transmission Lines: Conductors, Insulation, Towers

• Step--down Transmission Substation (Transformers)

• Distribution Substations

• Industrial, Commercial, and Residential Customers

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Electrical Power Generation

Education Activities: The Anatomy of an Electric System, I&M Power Company, 23:51 minutes video, https://www.indianamichiganpower.com/info/educational/• Electricity:

The flow or motion of electron through a conductor

Measured by voltage and current

Current is the flow of electricity through wires

Voltage

Conductor: Copper & Aluminum

Insulator

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I&M Power Company, http://c03.apogee.net/contentplayer/?coursetype=foe&utilityid=indianamichiganpower-in&id=4524

Generation• Generation Overview

• Utility Industry Overview

• Generation Plant Types

• Generation Fuel Types

• Power Generation

• Generation Dispatch

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Hydroelectric Power, Tennessee Valley Authority, 1:03 minutes video, http://www.tva.gov/power/hydro.htm

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Coal-Fire Power Plant, Tennessee Valley Authority, 0:28 minutes video, http://www.tva.gov/power/coalart.htm

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1-1-1. Electrical Power Generation Electrical Power Generation, Tennessee Valley Authority

• Raccoon Mountain Pump-Storage, http://www.tva.gov/sites/raccoonmt.htm; Pump-Storage Facility Diagram, http://www.tva.gov/power/hydro.htm

• Two reservoirs

• The stored water can

be release to turn the

turbine and generate

electricity

• During periods of low demand for electricity (nights and weekends): Reversing the turbine and pumping water from the lower to the upper reservoir

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1-1-1. Electrical Power Generation Example 11. How much energy can be stored in a pump-storage

facility if

• Two reservoirs are separated by 500 meter in altitude.

• Each reservoir: 2.0 km square and 20 meter deep

Answer:

Step 1. Find the total amount of water (kg) to be pumped

Amount of water: deep x area = 20 m * 2000 m * 2000 m = 80 x 106 m3 = 80 x 109 kg; (1 cc of water has a mass of 1.0g and 1.0 m3 of water has a mass of 100 kg)

Step 2. Computer stored energy W = m*g*h (neglect all losses)

W = 80x109 kg * 9.82 m/s2 * 500 m = 392.8 x 1012 Joules = 392.8 TeraJoules

Step 3. Convert energy w in Joule to kWh (kilo-watt-hour)

1 kwh = 3.6 Mega Joule = 3.6 x 106 Joule

Energy W (kwh) = 392.8 x 1012 / 3.6 x 106 = 109 kwh

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1T. L. Skvarenina and W. E. DeWitt, Electrical Power and Control, 2nd Ed, Prentice Hall

L1

L1 Lin, 6/28/2015

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Electrical Power: Delivery


Delivery• Delivery System Overview: voltage ranged from 69,000 volts to

765,000 volts (69 kV – 765 kV)

• Transmission System

• Substations

• Distribution System

• Distribution Transformers

• Service Drop

• Service Entrance

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Delivery• Delivery System Overview: voltage ranged from 69,000 volts to

765,000 volts (69 kV – 765 kV)

• Transmission System:

Transmission Voltages: • 69 kV and 138 kV system

• Also 44 kV, 115 kV, 161 kV, 169 kV, and 230 kV systems

Parts: Step-up Transformers, Switchyard, Towers, Wires, Insulators, and Circuits

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Delivery• Substations:

Transmission Substations

Interconnection to Other Utilities

Distribution Substations

Parts

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Delivery• Distribution System

• Distribution Transformers

• Service Drop

• Service Entrance

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Distribution Voltages

• Primary line voltages:

ranged from 2,300 to 39,000 volts

• Common primary voltages: 2.3,

4.16 12.47, 13.8, 25.0, 34.5 kV

• Common secondary voltages: 120,

208, 240, 277, and 480 volts

Types of Distribution Systems

Parts

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• Overhead/Underground

• Single Phase Distribution Lines

• Three Phase Distribution Lines

• Radial, Loop & Network Systems

Parts

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• …

• Radial, Loop & Network Systems

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Loop system

Radial system

1-1-1. Electrical Power Generation


Rates & Calculations• Ohm’s Law: V = I * R (volt = current x resistance)

• Watt’s Law:

Single phase power = V * I * power factor

Three phase power = 1.732 * V * I * power factor

• Voltage Drop – Definition

• Calculating Energy Use & Cost

• Calculating Electric Bills

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Rates & Calculations• Voltage Drop – Definition

I * Resistance of current carrying conductors

120 V Breaker Box: 117 volt = 120 volt – 3 volt (10 ft wire)

120 V Breaker Box: 110 volt = 120 volt – 10 volt (100 ft wire)

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Rates & Calculations• Calculating Energy Use & Cost

Energy Used kWh (kilo-watt-hour) = Power x Time

kWh = kW x Hours

8737 kWh

• Calculating Electric Bills

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I&M Electric Bills - Samples

May 2015: 635 KWH ($78.44); June 2015: 390 KWH ($51.11)

I&M Charges May June

• Tariff 015 – Residential Service $ 7.3 7.3

• Current Billing: 54.83 33.67

• Fuel Adj @0.0014980 – per KWH: -0.95 -0.58

• Depreciation credit: ____ -0.06

• PJM Cost: 4.27 2.62

• Off-System Sales Margin Sharing -1.41 -0.86

• Energy Efficiency Program Cost 3.01 1.85

• Environmental Compliance Cost 0.06 0.03

• Cook Nuclear Plant Life Cycle Cost 2.42 1.49

• Capacity Settlement Rider 2.99 1.83

• Federal Mandate Rider 0.79 0.48

• State Sales Tax 5.31 3.34

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OSHA Reference: Illustrated Glossary

Electrical Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution; Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), US Dept. of Labor, https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/electric_power/illustrated_glossary/substation.html• Substations:

Step-up Transmission Substation

Step-down Transmission Substation

Distribution Substation

Underground Distribution Substation

Substation Functions

Substation Equipment

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Summary & Conclusion

Questions Email: [email protected]

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