October - December, 2009Volume - 15 Issue - 4

ISSN : 0974-2336Vol. 15, No.4, 2009

The ENVIS Centre on Eastern Ghats is a decentralized Environmental Information Centre established by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India on thematic issue of Ecology of Eastern Ghats

ENVIS CENTRE ON ECOLOGY OF EASTERN GHATS

Orissa

Andhra Pradesh

Tamil Nadu

Karn

atak

a

EASTERN GHATSEASTERN GHATS

ENVIS CENTRE ON EASTERN GHATS

ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION TRAINING & RESEARCH INSTITUTE91/4, Gachibowli, Hyderabad - 500 032, A.P., India

Ph.:+91-040-23006472, 23000489, 23001241, 23001242 Fax No: +40 - 23000361URL: http://envis-eptri.ap.nic.in; http//www.eptri.com

Email : eptri@envis.nic.in \ soeapri.eg@gmail.com

Editorial

The Status of Orchids in Kolli Hills of Eastern

Ghats, their utilization and conservation was

discussed in the previous newsletter. Faunal

Resources of Similipal Biosphere Reserve of

Mayurbhanj, Orissa, of Eastern Ghats, their

distribution status and diversity including

threats and conservation measures are

discussed in this current newsletter. In addition

to these information, Tiger Population Trend in

Similipal Biosphere Reserve(SBR) from 1972

to 2002, Salient Features of the Zoo Rules 2009,

Bibliography on Similipal, ENVIS Activities,

Forthcoming Events and World Wildlife Week

and it's celebrations are provided.

ENVIS Coordinator

ContentEditorial 1

Tiger Population Trend in SBR 2

Salient Feature of the Zoo rules, 2009 2

Faunal Resources in Similipal 3Biosphere Reserve, Mayurbhanj,

Orissa, A part of Eastern Ghats

Bibliography 7

ENVIS Activities 7

Forthcoming Events 7

World Wildlife Week 8

http ://www.team-bhp.com/forum/attachments/travelogues

EPTRI - ENVIS Newsletter Vol. 15, No.4, 2009

2

4. Fees for Application

5. Documents to be filled along with the application and particulars it should contain

6. Power to make inquiries and call for information

7. Form of recognition

8. Renewal of recognition

9. Classification of zoos

10. Standards and norms for recognition

11. Maintenance of Records and submission of Inventory

The Schedule The schedule describes about standards and norms to be followed by the Central Zoo Authority (CZA) to grant recognition to a zoo with due regard to the interest of protection and conservation of wildlife. The standards and norms are as follows

1. General requirements

2. Administrative and Staffing Pattern

3. Development and Planning

4. Animal housing, display of animals and animal enclosures

5. Upkeep and healthcare of animals

6. Veterinary and infrastructure facilities

7. Post-mortem and disposal of carcasses of animals

8. Euthanasia of the animals

9. Acquisition and breeding of animals

10. Research activities

11. Education and outreach activities

12. Visitors facilities

Form- IThe form I is meant for the application to be used by zoo for recognition and also extension recognition before three month of expiry.

Form IIThis form consists of two parts, Part - A and Part - B.

Part A (Proforma for Quarterly/ Annual Inventory Report): This is a format prescribed by CZA to be used by every zoo to maintain record of the births, acquisitions, deaths and disposals of animals of each species. The inventory of the animals in the collection of each zoo, along with the details mentioned above for each financial year shall be submitted by 30th day of April of the ensuing year.

Part B (Proforma for Annual Inventory Report): This is a format to be filled by every zoo for an annual report of its activities and compliance of the conditions stipulated by CZA for each financial year to the Central Zoo Authority by the 30th day of June of the year.

ISSN No: Volume : Issue : Year:

Editorial Team

Published by

Supported by

0974-233615, 4 2009

Dr. Razia Sultana,

Dr. Prabhata Kumar Swain,

Mr. B.L.N. Murty,

Mr. S.S. Murty,

ENVIS Coordinator

Sr. Program Officer

Program Officer

Team Member

EPTRI, Hyderabad.

Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India, New Delhi

Source: http://www.wildlifeorissa.in/projecttiger.html

HISTORICAL DATA OF TIGERPOPULATION IN SBR - 1972 TO 2002

SALIENT FEATURES OF THEZOO RULES, 2009

G. S. R. 807 (E).____ In exercise of the powers conferred by clauses (f) and (g) of Sub-section (1) of section 63 of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 (53 of 1972), and in supersession of the Recognition of Zoo Rules, 1992, except as in respect of things done or omitted to be done before such supersession, the Central Government hereby

thmakes 11 rules, 1 Schedule and 2 Forms on 11 November 2009 as given below:-

Rules

1. Short title and commencement

2. Definitions

3. Application for Recognition

0 0The Eastern Ghats are located between 77 22' to 85 20' E

0 0longitudes and 11 30' to 21 0' N latitudes. It extend in a north-east south-west strike in the Indian Peninsula

2covering an area of about 75,000 km with an average width of 200 Km in the north and 100 Km in the south (Pullaiah, 2001). They extend over a length of 1750 Km between the rivers of Mahanadi and Vaigai along east cost. Eastern Ghats mainly spreads through the states of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The Similipal Biosphere Reserve is the eight Biosphere Reserve (Notification no.

nd16/2/85 MAB CSC 22 June, 1994, Govt. of Orissa, Forest Dept.) in India is a part of Eastern Ghats.

Location, Linkage and Area of Similipal Biosphere Reserve

The study area lies in the north-east region of Orissa, 20º 17'- 22º 34' N latitude and 85º 40'- 87º 10' E longitudes, covering ca. 64% of Mayurbhanj District. There are two main entrances to Biosphere Reserve, one through Jashipur, in the north-east region and other through P i thaba ta , nor th -wes t reg ion . The N.H. 5 (Kolkata–Chennai) passes through the northern part of the biosphere reserve. The sprawling biosphere (2750 km² area) has core area (845.70 km²) while the rest forms the buffer zone (1904.30 km²). Of the total area, about 1400 km² additional area forms Transitional zone (extending up to10 kms from the buffer line). Addition of 77 km² of Nato conservation Forest, and 147 km² Satokoshia Conservation Forest, has enhanced the total area of Similipal to 4374 km², as of now. The dense luxuriant green cover extending up to highest mountain peak (Khairiburu, 1166m. alt. above sea level), has characteristic North Indian Tropical Deciduous Forest with moist peninsular Sal (Shorea robusta) as the predominant plant community.

Meteorology

In Similipal, December / January happens to be the coldest month, with mean minimum temperature ranging between 7.2°C to 11°C. Incidentally, the region witnessed during mid January 2003 the minimum temperature (1.5°C) and snow fall. May is the hottest month, with mean maximum temperature ranging between 33.4°C and 37.4°C (Srivastava and Singh, 1997). During hot summers, wind storms/thunderstorms are a common feature. The air is quite humid with relative humidity always exceeding 70%. The rainy season is sultry, humid and falls between June – October. The southwest monsoons bring nearly 90% of the total annual precipitation.

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EPTRI - ENVIS Newsletter

River basin and drainage

The Similipal forest is well-wooded, rolling, plateau with deep folds of hills, interlaced with numerous networks of perennial streams and rivers. Most of the rivers pass through undulating hills forming waterfalls like Joranda (150m amsl) and Barehipani (400m amsl). There are, in all, ten perennial streams flowing in all directions. Khadkei, Gangahar, Sono, East Deo, Sanjo, Palpala, streams flow towards east, joining river Bhudabalanga which drains into the Bay of Bengal. Remaining streams like Khairi, Bandhan, West Deo joins river Baitarani. Yet another river- Salandi also originates from Similipal, finally draining into Bay of Bengal. Therefore Similipal has as its heritage a rich natural watershed.

Phyto-diversity

Similipal forests come under the broad category of North Indian Tropical Deciduous Forest with moist peninsular sal (Shorea robusta) as the predominant species. According to biogeographic classification by Rodgers and Panwar (1988), the three hierarchical levels of planning units under which Similipal has been classified are, Biogeographic zone: Deccan peninsula; Biogeographic province: Chhotnagpur; and Biogeographic region: Mahanadian. However, Similipal represents all the features of all the four biotic provinces for which Orissa is the junction. These provinces are eastern plateau Chhotanagpur, Lower gangetic plain and Coast Line. The flora of Similipal is a mixture of south Indian, north Indian and Andaman species. Interestingly, few plants and some species of orchids are endemic to the reserve. The flora of Similipal forest is estimated to be 1076 species (Saxsena and Brahmam, 1989) besides, 94 species of Orchids (representing 8% of the countries orchid diversity, with 4 species as new reports from India). Further, 573 species of medicinal plants also occur in this biosphere reserve. Occurence of medicinal plants like Achyranthes, Andrographis, Cassia, Cinnamomum comphora, Terminalia tomentosa, Kydia calysina etc. indicate floristic potential of the region for medicinal plants (Swain & Nanda, 1997). Further, Similipal also is home to many rare species of plants. The more economic species of trees in the reserve are Sal, Silk cotton, Arjun, Asan, Champa, Eugenia, Diospyros, Madhuca and Bija etc.

Faunistic Diversity

The Similipal biosphere reserve is a rich heritage of biological diversity. It is home to some of the charismatic animals such as tigers, elephants, leopards, spotted deer and mouse deer. It is also the treasure house for lavish population of wild fauna. The summary and details of total

Vol. 15, No.4, 2009

FAUNAL RESOURCES IN SIMILIPAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE,MAYURBHANJ, ORISSA, A PART OF EASTERN GHATS

Zoological Survey of India, Fire Proof Spirit Building,27, J. L. Nehru Road, Indian Museum Complex, Kolkata-16

P. Girija Shankar Sethy

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EPTRI - ENVIS Newsletter Vol. 15, No.4, 2009

species so far known /observed and identified from the SBR are given below. Similipal Biosphere reserve represents a rich biodiversity of mostly hitherto unexplored invertebrate fauna. It is a natural home to a wide diverse array of invertebrate groups / communities, due to its naturally diversified habitat. The dense, thick, close tree canopies and extensive grasslands favour abundance of various invertebrate and vertebrate fauna. They inhabit different forest types and their habitats at various altitudes in the protected area.

The pioneering biological works/studies in Similipal are by Patra & Tripathy (1997), Satpathy, Pradhan & Nayak (1985), Singh (1997) and Dutta (1997, 2003). Anon. (1999) have painstakingly gathered the research on Similipal Tiger Reserve, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata too, as a part of its focus on Fauna of Conservation Areas primarily attempted exploration and documentation of faunal resources in the Similipal Tiger Reserve (1987, 1989, 1991 & 2006).

1. Invertebrates

Invertebrate fauna in Similipal Biosphere Reserve is not well explored. The following are little information of invertebrates (Ramakrishna, 2006), in buffer, core and transition zone from the protected area. Of the invertebrates, arthropods are the major invertebrates adapted to live in this reserve. They constitute the bulk of invertebrate fauna followed by Malacofauna and Annelids.

Among the arthropods reported, in this reserve, the insects are more abundant than myriapods, arachnids and crustaceans.

Orthoptera (Grasshoppers, crickets and locusts) are generally vegetation feeders, mainly inhabit open grasslands of the Biosphere reserve. A total of 41 species of orthoptera belonging to family Terigidae, Gryllidea, Pyromorphidae and Acrididae of 18 genera were inventorized from this protected area. Hedotettix gracilis, Phlaeoba infumata, Heteropternis respondens, Stenocatantops splendens, Chondracris rosea are the common orthoptera fauna in Similipal. Odonates (Dragon and damselflies): In SBR, the availability of perennial water bodies, water holes and streams provide good habitats for these insects. A study (Sethy et al., 2007)) records16 species of odonates belongs to 6 family Libellulidae, Coenagrionidae, Lestidae Calopterygidae, and Aeshnidae and 14 genera from this protected area. Coleoptera (Beetles) are abundant especially from the fecal and or decaying matters in the reserve. Twenty two species of beetles belongs to family Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, Agridae of 12 genera are reported from the reserve. Monolepta signata, Aphthona nigrilabris are mostly abundant in this reserve. Lepidoptera (Butterflies) fauna in Similipal is dominated by the family Nymphalidae followed by Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae. Till now 54 species of butterflies were reported, belongs to 5 families and 32

genera from Similipal (Sethy et al., 2007). Of which, Pachliopata aristolochiae (common rose), Junonia orithya (Blue pansy), Parantica aglea (glassy tiger), Danaus genuta (striped tiger) and Eurema brigitta (Small grass yellow) are common. Araneae (Spiders) study of Ramakrishna (2006) deals with as many as 18 species of spiders from the protected area belongs to 4 families (Araneidae and Clubionidae), 3 genera (Argiope, Plexippus and rhene). Of Myriapoda (Millipedes /Centipedes) present study helped to collect 3 species, Chilopoda (centipedes) of Sclopendromorph & Geocentipedes and 1 species of Diplopoda [Millipedes (Juliform)] inhabit various habitats below stones, rotten barks and damp places. Scorpionida (Scorpions) occupy a great range of habitats in this biosphere reserve. These are reports of its occurrence on littoral rock and rock slides, burrows in soil, vegetation, under stones, bark of trees, surface debris and cattle dung. Four species of Buthidae, Ischnuridae and Scorpionidae scorpions have been collected in this biosphere reserve. Prostigmata (Mites) occur in this reserve belonging to 3 families (Ixodidae, Teranychidae and Phytoseiidae) and 8 species.

A study of Sethy et al., (2007) records 20 species of land and fresh water gastropods under 11 genera and 9 families. Oligochaeta and Hirudinoidea are mostly occurring in this biosphere reserve. Earthworm (Lampito mauritii) and Leeches are common in this biosphere reserve in summer.

2. Vertebrates

The richness of a species depends on its lower trophic level supporting a rich trophic/ niche level in the ecosystem. Besides, many other factors like protection from enemies /availability of roosting and breeding grounds with rich foraging habitat also help enhance species richness and diversity in the region. Our own field observations / permissible collections and extensive literature search, on Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Mayurbhanj, north Orissa, yielded an impressive overall tally of 384 species of vertebrates. However, more thorough explorative study may uncover additional interesting species from the vast and varied reserve. There lies lacunae/gaps in taxonomic study with regard to lower groups of vertebrate faunae-herpetiles and fishes for not having their due share of attention. Therefore the present study aims fill such serious gaps in taxonomic knowledge at species level.

Mammals

Few taxonomic studies exist on the whole gamut of mammalian fauna, with fewer studies on lower groups of mammals (rodents). In all, 46 species from 10 orders and 19 families of mammals have been reported from the reserve (ZSI, 1995). Notably, Similipal is famous for its large cat’s family (tigers and leopards), besides herbivores like of elephant, spotted deer, sambar, wild boar etc. Southern Similipal hill tract (Upper Barahkamda, Devasthali and Meghasani) covered with luxuriant vegetation / stretch of lush green grasslands, undisturbed

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EPTRI - ENVIS Newsletter Vol. 15, No.4, 2009

habitat exhibits one of the richest herbivorous faunal diversity within the reserve. Interestingly enough, the reserve serves home to some of the endemic species like Indian Giant Squirrel (Ratufa indica) and Common Tree Shrew (Anathana elliot) [Alfred and Chakraborty, 2002]. Of 46 species of mammals reported from SBR 38 species are included under different scheduled fauna of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

Avifauna

The avifauna in the vast reserve is very rich and varied, comprising of about 258 species as reported (SBR, 1999; ZSI, 1995). This large array of avifauna diversity falls under an equally large array of 18 orders and 49 families. The group also enjoys the pride of harboring some of the Himalayan birds (Heart spotted Woodpecker, Himalayan Tree Pie, Short-bill Mountain Thrush and Yellow backed Sunbird). The whole gamut of avifauna comprises of residential - 189 species, migratory - 60 species, local migratory- 6 species and 3 rare species (ZSI, 1995). Members of family muscicapidae (babblers, flycatchers, robbins - 44 species) dominate, followed by accipitridae (hawks, kites and vultures-22 species). The reserve is also famous for its Hill Myna population, one of the 6 species of mynas found in SBR. Capturing of the celebrated myna by the tribals, for selling in and out the country at lucrative prices for its excellent imitating quality. Of SBRs large avifaunal diversity of 258 species, over 187 species fall under the scheduled fauna of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

Reptiles

The reserve is poor / depaurate in herpetofaunal (Ophiofauna) wealth, profile as evidenced from major regional reports / documentation’s. Nevertheless, a much thorough explorative study will certainly yield an equally good tally of reptiles in the reserve for it has conducive habitat/ ecology / varied vegetation. Out of 110 reptiles found in Orissa (including sea turtles) 37 species, are known to occur in SBR, occupying var ied macro/microhabitat sprawling across the reserve. Among 19 species of poisonous and non-poisonous snakes (3 species are fossorial, 4 species arboreal, 8 species terrestrial and 4 species are semi-aquatic), 10 species Rock/ Garden Lizards, Chameleons etc., 3 species of Turtles, 1 species of Crocodile and 4 species of Skinks. Twenty two of 37 species of reptiles are scheduled. Conservation in Similipal is confined to some megaspecies of reptiles mugger crocodile, the three species of turtles and few snake species (Python and King Cobra) and lizards (Varanus), furthermore, the micro species are yet to have their own share of attention.

Amphibians

The amphibian fauna in SBR (19 spp) is expected to be much more rich taking into consideration its varied vegetation types and water bodies, inspite of all these there too is the danger of their loss due to forest fire. There are two edible species of frogs found in SBR (R. crassa and R. tigerina) included in Appendix –II of the Conservation of

International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES). Common species available are (toad) Bufo melanostictus, (frog) Rana tigerina, R. limnocharis, futher, Microhyla ornata, Ramnella variegata, Limnonectes keralensis and Tomoptena rolandae occur rarely. Philautus similipalensis - Bush Frog new to science, apparently endemic species reported from the study area (Dutta, 2003).

Fishes

Nekton fauna in the reserve has not been studied / inventorised / nor has had its due share of attention. As a result / despite its rich watershed and profusion of pools, streams and rivers etc. varying from muddy to rocky beds / gentle to rapid water current and shallow water to deep gorges etc. only 31species have been recorded . Fish fauna, in the region is known to harbour interesting piscine group/elements, characteristics of Himalayan hill streams (Tor pititora, Tor tor). Despite of common occurrence of Mahseers there exist no specific studies on this group fishes. Yet another group, Nemacheilus (Schistura dayi and Schiststura scaturigina) also inhabits the rapid running waters of the reserve (Sethy et al., 2009), adjusting themselves constantly to any fluctuation in microhabitat or ecological niche.

Household settlements, Population and Socio-economic conditions

The human habitations within and around the S.B.R (4,374 km.²) markedly influence the occurrence, distribution and abundance of various biotic resources - both plants and animals, within the reserve. The core zone in the protected area has only 4 villages (Jamuna, Kabatagahi, Jenabill and Bakua), 61 in the Buffer zone and ca.1200 in transitional area. The total human population within the reserve is about 4.5 lakh (Census Data, 1991). Of these, 73.44% are tribal, 5.21% are Schedule castes and 21.35% are other castes. The tribals are mainly Kolha, Kandha, Khadia, Santal and Bathadi, etc. The population within and outside the sanctuary are highly dependent on the reserve for their basic necessities like fire wood, timber and a number of other minor forest produce for their economic substenance. The tribal living in and around Similipal depend heavily on forest for their fuel needs wood and other forest produce flowers, arrowroot, gums, resins, honey, fibers and medicinal herbs.

Threats and Conservation Measures

Despite a near four decade long history of state endeavours at biological conservation, perhaps the first protected area in India’s natural conservation history /efforts the uniquely endowed natural habitat located in North Orissa, has also had its share of environmental problems / threats like anthropogenic pressure , habitat loss, akhand shikar etc. Similipal is quite useful for everyone but it is not free from problems. The growing population of 65 villages located within the core / buffer zone of the sanctuary is poses one of greatest challenge to its existence. The rapid loss and deterioration of habitat through anthropogenic pressure,

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EPTRI - ENVIS Newsletter

forest fires, jhumming practices, Akhand Shikar [traditional mass killing of wildlife during Chaitra Sankaranti during April to May by the local tribals] in Similipal Biosphere Reserve are the major threats to both precious wildlife and its overall ecology. People inside and outside the sanctuary are very much dependent on it and thus affecting the capacity of forest by removing the firewood, timber and a number of minor forest produce. Ultimately driving the biosphere to a biodiversity deficit state, thus defeating the very aim of all long term protection/conservation measures.

The growing human habitation in and around S.B.R influence the distribution / abundance of faunae, as they are disturbed by the humans in various ways. Ecotourism, through unrestricted tourist inflows to the reserve, also substantially affects the forest. This disturbance is affecting the natural distribution and behaviors pattern of higher animal groups in the reserve and therefore need to be regulated.

Invertebrates, a heterogeneous group of diverse fauna, are the most important component of the forest fauna, both in number of species and biomass. Because of small size and modest of the invertebrates, ecological niches occupy by them are more numerous and smaller in all dimensions and therefore more sensitive than those of vertebrates. So protection of vertebrates will automatically safeguard the diversity of lower forms. The wide spread conceptual barriers to conserving lower animals are gradually being overcome and people now admit their importance in natural ecosystems. What is needed is the general awareness and social consciousness to understand the problem. Environmental literacy on the part of the general masses is imperative. Limited studies on the vast and varied invertebrate fauna in protected areas point to rich potential, both in terms of newer taxa, interesting distribution pattern, etc. beside endemism.

REFERENCES Anon. (1999). Checklist of Animals: Similipal Tiger Reserve and Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Published by Field Dir., Similipal Tiger Reserve, Bhanjapur, Baripada. Pp.vi + 49.

Alfred , J.R.B. and Chakraborty, S.(2002). Endemic Mammals of India , Rec. zool. Surv. India, Occ. Paper No.201: Pp.1-37.

Dutta, S. K. (1997). Herpetofauna assessment of north-eastern Orissa with special reference to Similipal, In: Similipal: A Natural Habitat of Unique Biodiversity. P. C. Tripathy and S. N. Patro (eds.). Orissa Environmental Society, Bhubaneswar. Pp. 92-104.

Dutta, S. K. (2003). Philautus similipalensis, A new species of Rhacophorid frog Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Orissa, India, Russian journal of Herpetology, 10(1):Pp 25-32.

Director Z.S.I. (1987,89 & 91). State Fauna Series:I, Fauna of Orissa Part-1, Part-II, Part-111 & Part-IV Dir. Z. S. I., Kolkata.

Ibid (1995). Fauna of Similipal Tiger Reserve. Pp.105-127. In: Fauna of Conservation Areas, 8, Fauna of Tiger Reserve (Sundarban, Palamau, Similipal and Manas), Dir Z. S. I., Calcutta.

Patro, S.N and Triphaty P.C (1997). Similipal a natural habitat of unique biodiversity, Similipal: a natural habitat of unique Biodiversity, Orissa Environmental Society, BBSR Pp.128-134.

Pullaiah T. (2001). Eastern Ghats.In; Ecosystems of India, ENVIS, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata, pp 372-386.

Ramakrishna, Siddiqui S. Z, Sethy P.G.S and Das S. (2006). Faunal diversity in Similipal Biosphere reserve, Orissa. Conservation Series-, Z. S.I, Kolkata, 1-84.

Singh, L.A.K (1997). Wild life research in Similipal, Pp 105–112. In: Similipal: A natural habitat of unique Biodiversity. Orissa environmental society, Bhubaneswar.

Satpathy, B.N., Pradhan, K.C. and Nayak, B.K. (1985). Preservation of Natural Gene Pool of Tassar Silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury in Similipal. In: Patro, S. N. and Mitra (eds.).Conservation of Similipal in its wilderness, Orissa Environmental Society, Bhubaneswar, Pp.61-68.

Sethy, P.G. S, Prajyoti Sahu, and S.Z. Siddiqi.( 2007) Butterfly fauna in similipal biosphere reserve, m a y u r b h a n j , n o r t h o r i s s a , i n d i a . I n d i a n Forester:133(10)1403-1410.Sethy,

P. G. S and Siddiqi S.Z. ( 2007). Observations on odonates in similipal Biosphere reserve, mayurbhanj, north orissa Zoos’ Print Journal; 22(11):2893- 2894.

Sethy, P.G.S, Prajyoti Sahu and Siddiqi, S.Z. (2007). Malacofaunal Diversity in Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Mayurbhanj, North Orissa, India Geobios, 34:109-112.

Sethy, P.G.S, Prajyoti Sahu and S.S. Mishra (2009). On the occurrence of two Balitorid fishes of genus Schistura mceleland from Similipal Biosphere Reserve. Rec. zool. Surv India, 108(4):37-40.

Srivastava, S.S and Singh, L.A.K (1997). Monitoring of precipitation and temperature in Similipal Tiger Reserve Pp. 34-40. In: Ibid.

Swain, D and Nanda F (1997). Study of plant diversity in a newly established preservation plot inside Similipal National Park, Orissa, Similipal: A Natural Habitat of Unique Biodiversity. Orissa Environmental Society, Bhubaneswar. Pp.73-91.

http://similipal.com/images/gallery1big.jpg

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http://mayurbhanj.nic.in/photos/similipal%20river.jpg

BIBLIOGRAPHYTripathy, P. C. and S. N. Patro. 1997. Similipal, a Natural Habitat of Unique Biodiversity. Forest and Environment Department, Orissa Environmental Society, Orissa, India. 186 pp.

Ramakrishna, P. S. 2006. Faunal Resources of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Mayurbhanj, Orissaý. Zoological Survey of India. 87 pp.

Pati, R. N. and J. Dash. 2002. Tribal and Indigenous People of India: Problem and Prospects. APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, 510 pp.

Saxena, H. O. and M. Brahmam. 1989. The Flora of Similipahar (Similipal) Orissa, Particular Reference to the Potential Economic Plants. Regional Research Laboratoy. CSIR, Bhubaneswar, India.

Patro, S. N. and G. K. Panda. 1994. Eastern Ghats in Orissa: Environment, Resources and development. Orissa Environmental Society, 103 pp.

Rath, S. K., N. Mohapatra, D. Dubey, S. K. Panda, H. N. Thatoi and S. K. Dutta. 2009. Anti-microbial activity of Diospyros Melanoxylon Bark from Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Orissa, India. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(9):1924-1928

Rout, S. D., T. Panda and N. Mishra. 2009. Ethnomedicinal studies on some Pteridophytes of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Orissa, India. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 1(5): 192-197

Thatoi, H. N., S. K. Panda, S. K. Rath and S. K. Dutta. 2008. Anti-microbial Activity and Ethno-medicinal Uses of some Medicinal Plants from Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Orissa. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 7(3): 260-267

Mishra, R. K., V. P. Upadhyay and R. C. Mohanty. 2008. Vegetation Ecology of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Orissa, India. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 6(2): 89-98

Routh, S. D. and S. K. Panda. 2010. Ethno-medicinal Plant Resources of Mayurbhanj District, Orissa. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 9(1): 68-72

Reddy, C. D., C. Pattnaik, A. Mohapatra and A. K. Biswal. 2007. Phyto-sociological Observation of Tree Diversity of Tropical Forest of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Orissa, India. Taiwania, 52(4): 352-359

ENVIS ACIVITIES

1. A training program on “Environmental issue in thermal power plant” was organized at Environment Protection Training and Research

th thInstitute, Hyderabad during 19 -30 October 2009 for participants of Myanmar. The ENVIS Coordinator was the Course Director for the program.

2. Staff of ENVIS attended a Seminar on “North-South differences in reporting Climate Change” by Mr. Eric Roston from USA, held at Andhra

thPradesh Pollution Control Board, Hyderabad on 20 October 2009. The ENVIS Coordinator has arranged the talk.

3. A training program on “Biomedical Waste Management” was organized at Environment Protection Training and Research Institute,

thHyderabad during 2nd -13 November 2009 for participants of Sri Lanka. The ENVIS Coordinator was the Course Director for the program.

4. A training program on “Environmental and Social Assessment and Management Plan” was organized at Environment Protection Training and

th thResearch Institute, Hyderabad during 16 -27 November 2009 for participants of Sri Lanka. The ENVIS Coordinator was the Course Director for the program.

5. Training of Trainer (ToT) program on “Biomedical Waste Management” was organized at Environment Protection Training and Research

thInstitute on 18 November 2009. The program was sponsored by Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board.

FORTHCOMING EVENTS

Date : 25-26 March, 2010

Title : National Seminar on Application of Geomatics in Climatology

Venue : Tiruchirapalli, Tamilnadu

Organizer : Bharathidasan University

Website : http://www.bdu.ac.in/events/ge/geosem.htm

Date : 19 - 20 March, 2010

Title : National Seminar on Climate Change, Adaptation and Mitigation : The Way Ahead

Venue : Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Organizer : Xavier Institute of Development Action and Studies

Website : http://www.xidas.in

Vol. 15, No.4, 2009EPTRI - ENVIS Newsletter

8

In Nagapattinam, Tamilnadu, Wildlife Week celebrations makes more sense to a district like Nagapattinam, which hosts the only Ramsar site for wetlands in Tamilnadu and is dotted by the largest patch of dry evergreen forests on the east coast. Stating this at the valediction ceremony of the Wildlife Week celebrations here at the A.D.M. College for Women on Tuesday, Thirunavukkarasu, Wildlife Warden and District Forest Officer, defined wildlife as one that would include both “uncultivated flora and undomesticated fauna.” He invoked the symbolism of observing wildlife week from Gandhi Jayanthi on October 2 leading up to October 8, and the essence of its awareness. Presiding over the function, A. Annadurai, District Revenue Officer, who picked up anecdotes from history, said that rulers in the past protected nature by planting trees. Collector C. Munianathan, in his keynote address, spoke of the spiritual mornings in ecology by pointing to sanctified vegetation called “Sthala Viricham” unique to each temple. Source: http://www.thehindu.com/2009/10/14/ stories/2009101453150300.htm

From:

ENVIS Coordinator

ENVIS Centre on Eastern Ghats,Environment Protection Training and Research Institute,(EPTRI)91/4, Gachibowli, Hyderabad - 500 032, A.P., IndiaPh.:+91-040- 23001241, 23001242, 23006472Fax No: +40 - 23000361,

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meeting held in the town hall. Revenue Divisional Commissioner (RDC), southern division, Satyabrata Sahu, Regional Chief Conservator of Forests (RCCF) J.P.Singh, Berhampur MLA R.C.C.Patnaik and Berhampur DFO, A.K.Jena attended the meeting as guests.

Creative touch: Children taking part in a poster design contest on the theme ‘Our rich biodiversity’ organized by Regional Museum of Natural History to mark the Wildlife Week in Bhubaneswar on Wednesday.Source: http://www.thehindu.com/2009/10/08/stories/ 2009100855200200.htm

WILDLIFE WEEK 2009With a view to preserve the fauna of India, particularly to take urgent steps to prevent extinction of any species, the Government of India established an Indian Board of Wild Life (IBWL) in 1952. The Board has since been doing pioneering work to arouse public consciousness in favor of wildlife preservation.In order to arouse a general awakening in the common man in favor of protection of wildlife, the IBWL decided to observe the Wildlife Week from October 2 - 8 every year. Every year around this time (October 2 to 8) Wildlife Week is celebrated by governments, environmentalists, activists to accelerate the awareness of wildlife conservation among people.

In Hyderabad, Thousands of visitors including school children, tourists and local families are thronging the Nehru Zoological Park, which is country’s first lions safari park, during the celebrations of World Wildlife Week. Forest Department of Andhra Pradesh has organized many competitions such as “Quiz on Nature and Wildlife” and on the spot painting competition to spread awareness about wildlife and the need to protect the animals. “Wildlife week

rdhas completed its 53 year this time. We also celebrated this event in remembrance of Mahatma Gandhi since he always talked about the welfare of wildlife and following his footsteps we also want a better deal and life for the animals. We have also come up with the concept of artificial insemination so that the rarely found species don’t become extinct from this world,” said Hitesh Sharma, Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Andhra Pradesh. The enthusiastic participation of children, almost every day during the week long celebrations of Vanya Jeev Mahatosav, has encouraged the organizers here. For the elocution competition, the topics varied from “Future of Tigers in India” and “Rivers, Our Lifeline and How to save these?” “Do the Rivers and Wild Animals have a future?” and “Role of Mankind in Saving Nature”.Source: http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/india-news/wildlife-week-in-hyderabads-nehru-zoological-park_100104187.html#

In another function at Berhampur, Orissa, a rally was organized in the city to observe wildlife week on Wednesday. This rally was organised by the Berhampur forest division. School students and members of social organizations took out a ‘padayatra’ in the morning urging people of the city to become conscious of the need to protect natural flora and fauna. It culminated in a public