earthquake risk l n i mtm anagement in nepalnceg.uop.edu.pk/bgworkshop08/lectureslides/day10... ·...

Training Workshop onTraining Workshop onRecent Developments in GeoRecent Developments in Geo--hazards Disaster Management; Focusing hazards Disaster Management; Focusing

on Earthquake Vulnerability Reduction in Mountain Regionson Earthquake Vulnerability Reduction in Mountain Regionson Earthquake Vulnerability Reduction in Mountain Regionson Earthquake Vulnerability Reduction in Mountain RegionsAugust 21August 21--22, 200822, 2008

Peshawar University PakistanPeshawar University Pakistan

Earthquake Risk Earthquake Risk M t i N lM t i N lManagement in NepalManagement in Nepal

RameshRamesh GuragainGuragainDirector, EERT Director, EERT

www.nset.org.npwww.nset.org.npNational Society for Earthquake TechnologyNational Society for Earthquake Technology--NepalNepal

Existing Mechanism

Ministry of Home AffairsMinistry of Home Affairs

Planning and Special Planning and Special S i Di i iS i Di i i

CNDRCCNDRCService DivisionService Division

Disaster managementDisaster managementDNDRCDNDRC

Disaster management Disaster management SectionSection

NCRA 1982NCRA 1982--Rescue & ReliefRescue & Relief

National Society for Earthquake TechnologyNational Society for Earthquake Technology--NepalNepal

Existing StructureExisting StructureCentral Natural DisasterCentral Natural Disaster

Relief Committee

Working Committee Relief and Treatment Sub-committeeSupply Shelter and Sub committee Supply, Shelter and

Rehabilitation Sub-Committee

Regional Natural Disaster

District Disaster Relief

Relief Committee


District Disaster Relief Committee

Proposed Institutional Framework: NSDRM

National Commission for Disaster Risk Management (NCDRM)

National Authority for Disaster Risk Management (NADRM)g ( )

District Authority for Disaster Risk Management (DADRM)

Municipal Authority for Disaster Risk p yManagement (MADRM)

Village Development Committees (VDC)

National Society for Earthquake TechnologyNational Society for Earthquake Technology--NepalNepalCommunity Based Organizations (CBO)

Experiences: Till 1981Experiences: Till 1981

1934 E h k• 1934 Earthquake–– 8519 people lost their lives in Nepal8519 people lost their lives in Nepal

A total of 126355 ho ses e e se e el damaged and– A total of 126355 houses were severely damaged and around 80893 buildings were completely destroyed

– Very few lessons learned (Missed)y ( )

• Few Small Earthquakes (i.e. 1981, Bajhang)– When we respond firstp– Learned “No System”

1982 Disaster Relief Act


1982 Disaster Relief Act

Experiences: 1988 EarthquakeExperiences: 1988 Earthquake

1988 E h k M di 6 6 M R l i l h• 1988 Earthquake, Medium, 6.6 M, Relatively huge loss

721 deaths 6553 people injured– 721 deaths, 6553 people injured– 64174 private buildings, 468 public buildings, 790

government buildings damagedg g g–– 22 Districts of Eastern Nepal Affected22 Districts of Eastern Nepal Affected–– Total Direct Loss of 5 Billion RupeesTotal Direct Loss of 5 Billion Rupees

• First time, after 1934, the Government and public shocked– Differential Earthquake Impact: All Physical, Social,

Cultural, Economical


Overwhelming! No Experience!(Source: DisInventar, NSET)


• Social Implications1. Damage to public infrastructures

• School, Health Centers, Public Buildings, Local admin2. No systemic Damage and Need Assessment

R li f i d• Relief not organized– Recipient from non-effected areas– Along the road distributiong– Helicopter drop

“Might is Right”

• “Social Orgs”/Social Capital Disturbed, Weakened• Widow-non concerned


• Marginalized-not concerned


Lessons

• Earthquake Considered a Major Concern for the First Time in the Country

• Need Organized Approaches

• New System for Emergency Response Planning


After 1988 EarthquakeAfter 1988 Earthquake

1992 1992 •• Start of National Building Code DevelopmentStart of National Building Code Development•• Start of National Building Code Development Start of National Building Code Development

Project (BCDPProject (BCDP))•• IDNDR ISDR WSSI EMI gave ExposureIDNDR ISDR WSSI EMI gave Exposure•• IDNDR, ISDR, WSSI, EMI gave ExposureIDNDR, ISDR, WSSI, EMI gave Exposure

–– What is current thinking?What is current thinking?–– How to start and continue?How to start and continue?

•• Need Felt for Establishment of Organization like Need Felt for Establishment of Organization like NSETNSET

19931993•• NBC Drafted NBC Drafted


•• NSET Registered as an NGO with HMGNNSET Registered as an NGO with HMGN

After 1993 FloodAfter 1993 Flood

♦Three Disaster working Groups Formulated by UNFormulated by UN−−HealthHealth

−− LogisticsLogistics

−−Food & AgricultureFood & Agriculture−−Food & AgricultureFood & Agriculture


From Response to PreparednessFrom Response to PreparednessFrom Response to PreparednessFrom Response to Preparedness•• 19981998--2001: KVERMP 2001: KVERMP as the National as the National

Project under AUDMP/ ADPC with CoreProject under AUDMP/ ADPC with CoreProject under AUDMP/ ADPC with Core Project under AUDMP/ ADPC with Core funds from funds from OFDA/USAID, Implemented by OFDA/USAID, Implemented by NSET and GHINSET and GHINSET and GHINSET and GHI–– Earthquake Earthquake ScenarioScenario–– Action PlanAction PlanAction PlanAction Plan–– School Earthquake Safety Program (SESP)School Earthquake Safety Program (SESP)

Fi t i D l i C t i ft Q it• First in Developing Countries after Quito• UN RADIUS Project replicated the process


Learning from Global Learning from Global ExperiencesExperiencesExperiencesExperiences

Promotion of DRR (Technical focus)

Mitigation and Preparedness

focus)

Preparedness

Preparedness

R

Preparedness and Response

Response1976

Earthquake inG t l

1985Maxico

Earthquake

1990IDNDR


Guatemala Earthquake

Learning from Global Learning from Global ExperiencesExperiences

Resilience of Nations and Communities

ExperiencesExperiences

Increased public commitment and linkage to

Communities

DRR concept accepted

commitment and linkage to sustainable development

DRR concept accepted through policy (social & community orientation)

Promotion of DRR (Technical

focus) 1994Yokohoma

2000ISDR

2005HFA


YokohomaStrategy

ISDR HFA 2005-2015

MOHMOHMOLDMOLD MOHAMOHA•• HDWG revitalizedHDWG revitalized•• Mass Casualty Mass Casualty

Management TrainingManagement TrainingS/NS A t fS/NS A t f

MOLDMOLD•• Establish Dis. Focal Establish Dis. Focal

PointPoint•• MERMPMERMP

MOHAMOHA•• CBDRMCBDRM•• National Strategy on National Strategy on

DRMDRM•• S/NS Assessment of S/NS Assessment of

HospitalsHospitals

MERMPMERMP•• Training Include ERMTraining Include ERM •• Review of PolicyReview of Policy

MOEMOE

Governments Agencies

DUDBCDUDBC•• Building CodeBuilding Code•• Training/AwarenessTraining/Awareness

•• SESPSESP•• Eq. Design in new Eq. Design in new

schoolsschoolsAgenciesgg•• Building ActBuilding Act •• Training Training -- invite NSETinvite NSET

•• Curricula developmentCurricula development--process needprocess need

DDCsDDCs•• Disasters in Periodic Disasters in Periodic

PlanningPlanning

MunicipalitiesMunicipalities•• MERMPMERMP•• Building Code: Building Code:

KTM LLT BHKTKTM LLT BHKT

Water SupplyWater Supply•• KV AssessmentKV AssessmentPlanningPlanning

•• Chair SESP AdvisoryChair SESP AdvisoryKTM, LLT, BHKT, KTM, LLT, BHKT, BANEPA, DHARANBANEPA, DHARAN

•• LSMC DPRPLSMC DPRP

Private Owners:Private Owners: NumberNumberNGOSNGOS•• New: NCDM, ESF, New: NCDM, ESF,

RotaryRotary

Private Owners: Private Owners: Number Number of Private Houses of Private Houses Assessment on the Assessment on the increaseincreaseRotaryRotary

•• Existing INGOs: Existing INGOs: LWF, LWF, ActionAidActionAid, , World Vision, World Vision,

UniversitiesUniversities•• PurbanchalPurbanchal: : KhwopaKhwopa

Eq. Eng MSEq. Eng MS

OthersOXFAM, ICIMOD OXFAM, ICIMOD •• PokharaPokhara: : necnec, MS in , MS in

DRMDRM•• KU: DRM in Graduate KU: DRM in Graduate

program inprogram in EnviEnviCommunities andCommunities and program in program in EnviEnvi. . SciencesSciences

•• TU, IOE: MS in TU, IOE: MS in Structural Eng; MS in Structural Eng; MS in

Communities and Communities and SchoolsSchools

•• KMCKMC--17, 34, 10 17, 34, 10 KVEPI, NRCSKVEPI, NRCS

Earthquake Earthquake Orientation and Drills Orientation and Drills

in numerous in numerous i tit tii tit ti

g;g;Geotechnical EngGeotechnical Eng

,,

institutionsinstitutions

Existing Earthquake/Disaster Preparedness PlansPreparedness Plans

• 1990 IDNDR-Formation of IDNDR National CommitteeCommittee

• 1996-Developed a National Action Plan for Disaster ManagementManagement

• 1993:DWG Founded (Health, Logistics and Food & ( , gAgriculture)

• 1997-2000: KVERMP Action Plan• 1997-2000: KVERMP Action Plan

• 2001: Emergency Preparedness and Disaster


Response Plan of the Health Sector in Nepal

Existing Earthquake/Disaster Preparedness Plans (cont…)Preparedness Plans (cont…)

• Disaster Management has been incorporated with due preferences in the 10th Plandue preferences in the 10th Plan

• 2007-National Strategy for Disaster Risk l dManagement Formulated

• 2007- Review of DRM Policy2007 Review of DRM Policy

• 2007-Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City (LSMC) Disaster P epa edness and Response F ame o kPreparedness and Response Framework

• DRMMP for Kathmandu Valley (Ongoing with support


y ( g g ppfrom EMI)

Some Key yPrograms of NSETg


KVERMP

National Programs/projectsNational Programs/projects• KVERMP

– Scenario, Action Planning, SESP

• NERMP: under implementationNERMP: under implementation– Grant from US/OFDA– Continuation of KVERMP

• SESP• SESP• Non-structural Mitigation• Awareness Raising

• MERMP– Scenario & Action Planning– School Earthquake Safety ProgramSchool Earthquake Safety Program

• Retrofitting/Reconstruction of schools • Training of Masons

S h l E Pl i


• School Emergency Planning

National Programs/projects (2/3)National Programs/projects (2/3)

• Earthquake safety of hospitals– StructuralStructural– Non-structural– Assessment methodology to be published in 2003

Retrofitting community hospital 2007– Retrofitting community hospital 2007• Ward-level Earthquake Preparedness

– Pre-positioning of emergency supplies in 10 p g g y ppwards/locations of Kathmandu

– Training & Drill– MonitoringMonitoring


National Programs of NSET National Programs of NSET (3/3)(3/3)National Programs of NSET National Programs of NSET (3/3)(3/3)•• Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment of KV Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment of KV

Water Supply SystemWater Supply SystemWater Supply SystemWater Supply System–– Establish Assessment methodology Establish Assessment methodology –– DPRF inDPRF in LalitpurLalitpurDPRF in DPRF in LalitpurLalitpur

•• Disaster Health Working Group:Disaster Health Working Group: Response and Response and Preparedness Plan for Health SectorPreparedness Plan for Health SectorPreparedness Plan for Health SectorPreparedness Plan for Health Sector

•• Municipalities:Municipalities: Integrate Building Code Integrate Building Code provisions in Building Permit Processprovisions in Building Permit Processp gp g–– LalitpurLalitpur & Kathmandu& Kathmandu–– Regular training of homeRegular training of home--owners, pettyowners, petty-- contractors, contractors,


technicians, engineerstechnicians, engineers

•• DESINVENTARDESINVENTAR

Some Regional ProgramsSome Regional ProgramsSome Regional ProgramsSome Regional Programs•• PEERPEER

–– 6 Countries6 Countries–– Trainings on MFR, CSSR, HOPETrainings on MFR, CSSR, HOPE

•• Pakistan after EarthquakePakistan after Earthquake–– TrainingTraining–– SESPSESP

•• Pakistan:Pakistan: EVRP inEVRP in MansehraMansehra MuzafarabadMuzafarabad andand•• Pakistan:Pakistan: EVRP in EVRP in MansehraMansehra, , MuzafarabadMuzafarabad and and QuetaQueta

•• Iran:Iran: capacity Developmentcapacity DevelopmentIran:Iran: capacity Developmentcapacity Development•• Bhutan:Bhutan: TVERMPTVERMP•• Bangladesh:Bangladesh: CDMPCDMP


gg•• Mozambique:Mozambique: ShelterShelter

KVERMPKVERMPKVERMPKVERMP•• 19981998--2001: KVERMP 2001: KVERMP as the National as the National

Project under AUDMP/ ADPC with CoreProject under AUDMP/ ADPC with CoreProject under AUDMP/ ADPC with Core Project under AUDMP/ ADPC with Core funds from funds from OFDA/USAID, Implemented by OFDA/USAID, Implemented by NSET and GHINSET and GHINSET and GHINSET and GHI–– Earthquake Earthquake ScenarioScenario–– Action PlanAction PlanAction PlanAction Plan–– School Earthquake Safety Program (SESP)School Earthquake Safety Program (SESP)

Fi t i D l i C t i ft Q it• First in Developing Countries after Quito• UN RADIUS Project replicated the process


Kathmandu Valley Intensity Map of 1934 Earthquke1934 Earthquke

•MMI X

•MMI IX

•MMI VIII

•MMI VII


•NSET - Nepal •GeoHazards International

Risk: Estimated Building DamageRisk: Estimated Building Damageg gg gIn Kathmandu ValleyIn Kathmandu Valley

(Based on Buildings Survey during UNDP Building Code Project)( g y g g j )

Place Building Stock Damaged (Beyond Repair)(Beyond Repair)

Kathmandu 60%L li 60%Lalitpur 60%Bhaktapur 75%Entire Valley 60%


Damage Functions: ATC-13 Methodology

••Kathmandu, Kathmandu, Lalitpur &Lalitpur &Lalitpur & Lalitpur &

Kirtipur Road Kirtipur Road & Bridges& Bridges& Bridges & Bridges

Damage MapsDamage Maps

•30% unusable

•10% unusable

•60% - 100%•unusable•30% •unusable

•NSET - Nepal •GeoHazards International••Damage Function: ATCDamage Function: ATC--25 25 MethodologyMethodology

•Water System Functionality: OneFunctionality: One Week after the Scenario EarthquakeScenario Earthquake

•<30% users served

•30% to 60% users•30% to 60% users

served••ATCATC 2525


•60% to 100% users

d

••ATCATC--25 25 MethodologyMethodology

I t t tiI t t ti

The MethodologyThe MethodologyS i P tiS i P ti i d t ki thi d t ki th•• Scenario PreparationScenario Preparation requires undertaking the requires undertaking the following steps:following steps:

Collection and collation of available existing dataCollection and collation of available existing data–– Collection and collation of available existing dataCollection and collation of available existing data

–– KickKick--off meeting to introduce the project to the off meeting to introduce the project to the communitycommunityyy

–– Hazard assessmentHazard assessment

–– VulnerabilityVulnerability assessmentProcess!

Vulnerability Vulnerability assessment

–– Damage estimation (theoretical)Damage estimation (theoretical)

–– Damage estimation (nonDamage estimation (non--theoretical) using interviewstheoretical) using interviews–– Damage estimation (nonDamage estimation (non--theoretical) using interviewstheoretical) using interviews

–– Preparation of the earthquake scenarioPreparation of the earthquake scenario

Implementation of the scena io o kshopImplementation of the scena io o kshop


–– Implementation of the scenario workshopImplementation of the scenario workshop

–– Dissemination of the earthquake scenarioDissemination of the earthquake scenario

MERMP: ConceptMERMP: Concept

Experiences from MERMP: ConceptMERMP: Concept

pKathmandu

Citi t id KVNational Society for Earthquake TechnologyNational Society for Earthquake Technology--NepalNepal

Cities outside KV

Municipal Earthquake Risk Municipal Earthquake Risk Management ProgramManagement ProgramManagement ProgramManagement Program

Scenario RADIUSScenario

Action Plan

RADIUS TOOLAction Plan

SESPImplementation SESP

Replication

National Society for Earthquake TechnologyNational Society for Earthquake Technology--NepalNepalM & E58 MUNI58 MUNI

PokharaPokhara

VyasVyas

DharanDharan

BanepaBanepa

DharanDharan


Scenario after 5 yearsScenario after 5 years

The casualty figure may The casualty figure may reach up to 800reach up to 800

The casualty figure can The casualty figure can be limited to 400be limited to 400

Potential life loss can be reduced Potential life loss can be reduced by 50% within 5 years with by 50% within 5 years with improving the constructionimproving the construction

National Society for Earthquake TechnologyNational Society for Earthquake Technology--NepalNepalEarthquake Scenario Earthquake Scenario –– a strong awareness raising tool !a strong awareness raising tool !

Scenario and Action PlanScenario and Action Plan

• Loss Scenario is Prepared for Scenario Earthquakeusing RADIUS toolg

• Scenario Workshops finalized the Earthquake Scenariofor each city

• Based on the scenario Action Plans are prepared

National Society for Earthquake TechnologyNational Society for Earthquake Technology--NepalNepalScenario and Action Planning Workshop

Public AwarenessPublic Awareness

Awareness Rally, Mass Meeting, PosterAwareness Rally, Mass Meeting, Poster--Photo Exhibition, Seminar etc.Photo Exhibition, Seminar etc.

Earthquake Safety Day (January 16) Earthquake Safety Day (January 16) –– a great earthquake awarenessa great earthquake awarenessa great earthquake awareness a great earthquake awareness raising eventraising event


Local folklore competition for public Local folklore competition for public awareness raisingawareness raising

Program for Enhancement of Program for Enhancement of E R (PEER)E R (PEER)

MissionMissionEmergency Response (PEER)Emergency Response (PEER)

MissionMissionTo establish a regional network of To establish a regional network of emergency and medical response ofemergency and medical response ofemergency and medical response of emergency and medical response of training institutions and individuals of training institutions and individuals of five PEER countries.five PEER countries.e cou ese cou es

Bangladesh , India, Indonesia, Bangladesh , India, Indonesia, N l P ki t Phili iN l P ki t Phili iNepal, Pakistan, PhilippinesNepal, Pakistan, Philippines


Supported by USAID/OFDA

PEER Program Concept

CSSR MFR

PEER


HOPE

PEER TRAINING COURSESPEER TRAINING COURSES

•• Medical First Responder (MFR)Medical First Responder (MFR)•• MFR Instructors Workshop (MFRIW)MFR Instructors Workshop (MFRIW)•• MFR Instructors Workshop (MFRIW)MFR Instructors Workshop (MFRIW)•• MFR Adaptation WorkshopMFR Adaptation Workshop•• Collapsed Structure Search and Rescue Collapsed Structure Search and Rescue

(CSSR)(CSSR)(CSSR)(CSSR)•• CSSR Instructors Workshop(CSSRIW)CSSR Instructors Workshop(CSSRIW)•• CSSR Adaptation WorkshopCSSR Adaptation WorkshopCSSR Adaptation WorkshopCSSR Adaptation Workshop•• Hospital Disaster Preparedness (HOPE)Hospital Disaster Preparedness (HOPE)•• HOPE Adaptation WorkshopHOPE Adaptation Workshop•• Training for Instructors (TFI)Training for Instructors (TFI)•• Master Instructors’ Workshop (MI)Master Instructors’ Workshop (MI)


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