eagle’s nest - native american fish and wildlife...
TRANSCRIPT
Eagle’s NestPublished by the Native American Fish & Wildlife Society December 2009
From
the
2009 SYP
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2009 Southwest Conf
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2010 Nat. Conf.
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Jicarilla Roundtail Chub
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Jicarilla Eagle Study
THIS ISSUE
The Fond du Lac Band ofLake Superior Chippewa ishonored to host the 28thAnnual Native American Fishand Wildlife Society NationalConference. We welcome themany visitors to the Fond duLac Reservation and thehead of the Great Lakes, LakeSuperior in May/June of2010.
The Northland, like everyregional area, is full of localcolor that is intriguing toexplore. We are known asthe land of 10,000 lakes.Lakes that have given ourpeople the ability to fish, riceand travel. Come see howwe manage our resources,from the traditional harvest
of fish and wild rice tocommercial logging, whileprotecting our preciouswater resources.
We are honored to be apart of the Native AmericanFish and Wildlife Society.NAFWS gives Indian Countrya voice in national issues.This is especially importantfor small tribes such as Fonddu Lac.
The Black Bear CasinoResort will serve as the hostfacilities for the symposium.Our resort facility offers a fullrange of amenities andentertainment options,including an18-hole PGAchampionship golf course.The Black Bear is conve-
niently located at theintersection of Interstate 35and Minnesota Highway 210in Carlton, Minnesota. AndDuluth Airport is 16 milesaway.
On behalf of the Fond duLac Band of Lake SuperiorChippewa (www.fdlrez.com),we extend an invitation toyou to come and visit ourNorthland home.
Sincerely,Chairwoman, Karen Diver
MESSAGE FROM 2010 NAFWS NATIONALCONFERENCE HOST
TRIBAL YOUTH EXPERIENCE OUT-DOOR LEARNINGby: Karen Lynch, NAFWS
For one week, 22 NativeAmerican high schoolstudents came to Coloradoto participate in the 19thannual NAFWS NativeAmerican EnvironmentalAwareness Summer YouthPracticum (SYP).
They came from at least18 Indian reservations andcommunities. Instructorsand chaperones came fromthroughout the U.S., fromAlaska, Washington, NewMexico, Arizona, SouthDakota and here in
Colorado.A returning student from
the Great Lakes area, MilesChisholm, 12 th grade, GrandTraverse Band of OttawaChippewa Tribes in Michigansaid he made it a point tocome back for another year.
“This year, Ienjoyed thewater quality classes. Ilearned what turbidity is. It ishow murky or dense thewater is. It was good to knowwhat level of turpidity fishcan survive. We tested andfigured the pH level, nitrate,nitrite, and phosphorouslevels in the water. “
The students tested waterat a local community pond.
A new student who came
from Oregon, SamantaTegner, Tlingit/Haida Tribessaid, “I really didn’t knowwhat to expect beforecoming here. I’m so im-pressed with everyone.“Students here are very (- See p(- See p(- See p(- See p(- See p..... 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - YYYYYouth - )outh - )outh - )outh - )outh - )
proud of where they comefrom.
‘There were so manystories told here by theteachers and students whichhas made an impact.
Students, staff, and teachers that participated in the 2009NAFWS Environmental Awareness Summer Youth Practicum.
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We extend a bigTHANK YOU to the
following individuals forcontributing to our
publication:
Tom Watts, JicarillaApache Tribe
Kevin Terry, JicarillaApache Tribe
Dwayne Meadows,NOAA
Hannibal Bolton,USFWS, Wildlife and Sport
Fish Restoration
Miles Chisholm, SYPStudent, Grand Traverse
Band of Ottawa/Chippewa
Karen Diver, Fond duLac Business Committee
Kitty Heite, SYP staff2008
NAFWS BOARD OFDIRECTORSALASKA REGIONALASKA REGIONALASKA REGIONALASKA REGIONALASKA REGIONJennifer Hooper(907)[email protected]
Frank Woods(907) [email protected]
NORTHEAST REGIONNORTHEAST REGIONNORTHEAST REGIONNORTHEAST REGIONNORTHEAST REGION Susan Young(207) [email protected]
Dinalyn Spears(401)364-1100 ext. [email protected]
SOUTHWEST REGIONSOUTHWEST REGIONSOUTHWEST REGIONSOUTHWEST REGIONSOUTHWEST REGIONMarilyn Ethelbah(928) [email protected]
Arthur “Butch” Blazer(505) [email protected]
GREAGREAGREAGREAGREAT LAKES REGIONT LAKES REGIONT LAKES REGIONT LAKES REGIONT LAKES REGIONDon Reiter, Sec./Treas.(715) [email protected]
NAFWS STAFFExecutive Director,Fred Matt
Ron D. Rodgers,Deputy Dir./Accounting
Diana ProsserBookkeeping Assistant
Agdaagux Tribal Council/Akiachak Native Community/AkiakNative Community/Akutan Traditional Council/AlakanukTraditional Council/Alderville Indian Band/Allakaket VillageCouncil/Arapaho Business Council/Asa'carsamiut TribalCouncil/Atmautluak Traditional Council/Barona Band ofMission Indians/Bay Mills Indian Community/Beaver TribalCouncil/Big Sandy Rancheria/Birch Creek Village Council/Blackfeet Tribe/Bois Forte Reservation/Bridgeport IndianReservation/Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma/Catawba IndianNation/Chalkystik Village Council/Chemehuevi Indian Tribe/Cherokee Nation/Chevak Traditional Council/Cheyenne &Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma/Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe/Chippewa Cree Tribe of the Rocky Boy Reservation/Chippewaof Nawash Band/Chistochina Village Council/ChitimachaTribe of Louisiana/Citizen Potawatomi Nation/Clarks PointVillage Council/Coeur d'Alene Tribe/Colorado River IndianTribes/Colville Confederated Tribes/Comanche Tribe/Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and SiuslawIndians/Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes/ConfederatedTribes of the Goshute Reservation/Confederated Tribes ofGrande Ronde/Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians/Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation/Crow CreekSioux Tribe/Eastern Band of Cherokees/Eastern Pequot/EkwokVillage Council/Elk Valley Rancheria/Ely Tribe/EvansvilleTribal Council/False Pass Tribal Council/Fond du Lac Band ofLake Superior Chippewa/Fort Belknap Community Council/Fort Independence Paiute Tribe/Fort McDowell MohaveApache/Fort Mojave Indian Tribe/Fort Sill Chiricahua WarmSprings Apache/Fort Peck Assiniboine Sioux Tribe/GrandTraverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa/Hannahville IndianCommunity/Hoopa Valley Tribal Council/Hopi Tribe/HoplandBand of Pomo Indians/Houlton Band of Maliseets/Husila TribalCouncil/Hydaburg Cooperative Association/Iowa Tribe ofKansas & Nebraska/Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma/IqurmiutTraditional Council/Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe/JicarillaApache Tribe/Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians/Karuk Tribe/ KawNation of Oklahoma/Kenaitze Indian Tribe/Ketchikan IndianCorporation/Keweenaw Bay Indian Community/KickapooNation of Kansas/Klamath Tribe/Klawock CooperativeAssociation/Kodiak Tribal Council/Kotlik Traditional Council/Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewas/Lac duFlambeau Chippewa/Lac Vieux Desert Chippewa Tribe/LeechLake Chippewa Tribe/Little River Band of Ottawa Indians/Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians/Louden VillageCouncil /Manokotak Village Council/Manzanita Band ofMission Indians/Marshall Traditional Council/MashantucketPequot Tribe/McGrath Native Village Council/MenomineeIndian Tribe/Mentasta Tribal Council/Mescalero Apache/Miccosukee Tribe/Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians/ModocTribe of Oklahoma/Morongo Band of Mission Indians/NambePueblo /Nanwalek IRA Council/Narragansett Tribe/NativeVillage of Atka/Native Village of Barrow/Native Village ofDeering/Native Village of Eklutna/Native Village of Elim/Native Village of Eyak/Native Village of Fort Yukon/NativeVillage of Goodnews Bay Traditional Council/Native Village ofKotzebue/Native Village of Kwinhagak/Native Village ofMekoryuk/Native Village of Shaktoolik/Native Village ofShishmaref/Native Village of St. Michael/Native Village ofWales/Native Village of White Mountain/Navajo Nation/Nenana Native Council/Nez Perce Tribe/Nightmute TraditionalCouncil/Ninilchik Traditional Council/North Fork MonoRancheria/Northern Cheyenne Tribe/Nottawaseppi Huron Bandof Potawatomi/Nulato Tribal Council/Oglala Sioux Tribe/Ojibway 1850 Treaty Council/Oneida Indian Nation/OneidaTribe of Indians/Organized Village of Kwethluk/Osage Nation/Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma/Passamaquoddy Tribe/Pedro BayVillage Council/Penobscot Indian Nation/Picayune Rancheriaof Chukchansi Indians/Pilot Point Traditional Council/PilotStation Traditional Council/Poarch Band of Creek Indians/Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians/Ponca Tribe of Nebraska/Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe/Prairie Band of PotawatomiNation/Pueblo of Acoma/Pueblo of Cochiti/Pueblo of Isleta/Pueblo of Jemez/Pueblo of Laguna/Pueblo of Pojaoque/Puebloof San Ildefonso/Pueblo of Santa Ana/Pueblo of Santa Clara/Pueblo of Taos/Pueblo of Tesuque/Pueblo of Zia/Pueblo of Zuni/Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe/Qawalangin Tribe of UnAlaska/Quapaw Tribe/Qugan Tayagungin Tribe/Quileute Tribe/RainyRiver Band/Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewas/RedLake Band of Chippewa Indians/Redwood Valley Little RiverBand of Pomo Indians/Salt River Pima-Maricopa IndianCommunity/San Carlos Apache Tribe/San Pasqual Band ofIndians/Santee Sioux Tribe of Nebraska/Santo Domingo Tribe/Sault Ste. Marie Chippewa Band/Scotts Valley Band of PomoIndians/Seminole Tribe/Seneca-Cayuga Tribe/Shoalwater Bay/Shoshone-Bannock Tribes/Shoshone-Paiute Tribe of Duck Valley/Shuswap Nation/Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe/Sitka Tribe ofAlaska/Six Nations of Canada/Soboba Band of MissionIndians/Southern Ute Tribe/Spirit Lake Sioux Tribe/SpokaneTribe/Squaxin Island Tribe/St. Croix Tribal Council/St. RegisMohawk Tribe/Standing Rock Sioux Tribe/Swinomish TribalCommunity/Stevens Village Council/Stillaguamish Tribe/Summit Lake Paiute Tribe/Swinomish Tribal Council/TananaTribal Council/Three Affiliated Tribes/Tlingit & Haida CentralCouncil/Tohono O’odham Nation/Tribal Government of St. Paul/Tsawwassen Indian Band/Tuolummne Me-Wuk Tribal Council/Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians/Ugaskik TraditionalVillage/Unga Tribal Council/Upper Sioux Community/UteIndian Tribe/Ute Mountain Ute Tribe/Walker River Paiute Tribe/Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head/White Earth Reservation ofMinnesota/White Mountain Apache Tribe/Wichita &Affiliated Tribes/Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska/Yakutat TlingitTribe/Yankton Sioux Tribe/Yavapai- Apache Nation/Ysleta DelSur Pueblo/Yupiit of Adreafski/Yurok Tribe
224 MEMBER 224 MEMBER 224 MEMBER 224 MEMBER 224 MEMBER TRIBESTRIBESTRIBESTRIBESTRIBES ○
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Bill Bailey(231) [email protected]
PACIFIC REGIONPACIFIC REGIONPACIFIC REGIONPACIFIC REGIONPACIFIC REGIONJoe Jay Pinkham III, Pres.(509) [email protected]
Ted Lamebull(541) [email protected]
GREAGREAGREAGREAGREAT PLAINS REGIONT PLAINS REGIONT PLAINS REGIONT PLAINS REGIONT PLAINS REGIONRon Skates(406)[email protected]
Bobby St. Clair(307) [email protected]
SOUTHEAST REGIONSOUTHEAST REGIONSOUTHEAST REGIONSOUTHEAST REGIONSOUTHEAST REGIONKenneth Maney(828)[email protected]
Rory Feeney(305) 223-8380 x. [email protected]
Sally Carufel-WilliamsMembership/Educ/Assistantto the Board
Karen LynchTechnical Editor
Emerson Bull ChiefCWD - Montana/Wyoming
Corey LuceroCWD - New Mexico/Arizona
AVIAN INFLUENZASTAFFRyman LeBeauSouth Dakota
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE PROJECTSTAFF
Carl PocanCWD - Minnesota/Wisconsin
Ryan WallinCWD - Southeast
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FROM THE EAGLE’S NEST
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DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE...
Greetings everyone,
I hope your Thanksgivingfound you all happy andhealthy. I can hardly believeit’s December already. I'mpraying you have a MerryChristmas and a blessed NewYear.
Since our last newsletterI've been busy traveling andattending meetings andRegional Conferences. I'vebeen asked by many TribalOrganizations and FederalAgencies to participate anddialogue with them on avariety of Native fish andwildlife issues.
The issue of mostconcern across Indiancountry is climate changeand legislation that may, andno doubt affect Tribes acrossthe Nation. It is refreshing toknow that Tribes are being
considered before the factrather than after the fact.
As I always do at thesemeetings, I mention that I amnot there to speak for Tribes,but to convey that there hasbeen a long history ofinadequate funding andneeds.
I attended the SoutheastRegional Conference inCherokee, North Carolina,and once again, thanks toour Southeast RegionalDirectors, Ken (Buff) Maneyand Rory Feeney for puttingtogether an awesomeconference.
Another exciting effort wehave been involved with,thanks to Butch Blazer fromthe Southwest Region,includes meetings andconference calls to pull
together an intertribal naturalresource coalition. Itspurpose will be to see howwe can collectively addressnatural resource concerns inIndian Country. This seems tobe a timely effort given thefact that issues like climatechange is at the forefront ofour nation right now.
Once again, I hope youhave a blessed Christmasand a very Happy New Year.
D. Fred MattNAFWS Executive
Director
A consortium of nationalintertribal natural resourceorganizations convened Nov.9 - 10, 2009 in Denver, CO.
The group of sevenorganizations consideredneed for a unified messageaddressing unmet needs toprotect and advance tribalsovereignty regarding landand resources.
“Tribes have lost theirland base, said Arthur“Butch” Blazer, boarddirector, Native AmericanFish & Wildlife Society, andorganizer of the coalition.
“With the pressure fortribes to develop their lands,there are issues from non-tribal land that is affectingreservation lands.”
He said though tribeshave adapted, “we still needto be a unified voice.”
For example, “Issuessuch as toxic wastes storedon reservation lands wouldnot be happening if therewere consultation withtribes.
He added, “With treaty
rights being taken awaythere is the need to recog-nize and educate Nativepeople that our treaty rightsare at stake.”
Boundaries of variousregulatory agenciesincluding international,federal, and state entitiespresent threats to sover-eignty.
The numerous acro-nyms such as, BLM, DOI, BIA,etc... seem confusing andoverlapping said Blazer.
“Even tribal govern-ments and their depart-ments overlap each other,”he said.
With climate changes, itis important that tribes havethe resources to keep upwith changes on their land.
Blazer emphasized thatthe timing is right, “Tribes stillcontrol natural resources ofimmense value.”
As the consortiumgathers momentum andsupport, upcoming meetingsand conference calls areplanned.
Part of the initiative is toprovide a clear and concisemessage to congress aboutthe tribal natural resourcesissues.
The coalition during itsmeeting in Denver not onlydeveloped a strategy, it alsoproposed to develop aunified action for ways toimprove coordination andcollaboration among theintertribal organizations.
A few of these actionsidentified are: sharing ofinformation betweenorganizations, such asmembership lists; postmeeting schedules on-line;newsletters; updates aboutimportant litigation orlegislation; funding needsand opportunies.
With a unifying theme toprotect and advance Tribalsovereignty over land andresources, Blazer said itspossible that “once we cometogether with a unified voicewith tribes, then Congressmight listen.”
The coalition groupplans to put a summittogether and strenthen itsformal strategy.
The intertribal organiza-tions that attended the
CONSORTIUM OF INTERTRIBALNATURAL RESOURCE ENTITIESCOME TOGETHER
meeting in Denver are:Intertribal Timber Council,Northwest Indian FisheriesCommission, Council ofEnergy Resource Tribes,Native American Fish &Wildlife Society, IntertribalAgriculture Council, NationalTribal EnvironmentalCouncil, and the NationalCongress of AmericanIndians.
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“Without alcohols anddrugs, it is easier to care forothers and become betterindividuals, it starts withrespectful language andbehavior.
Respect was taught tohim at a young age he saidand “it is who we are asNative people.”
Bob Aloysius, Yupiaq,from the Native Village ofKalskag, Alaska has beenserving in the capacity ofpracticum Elder. Eachmorning he shared a specialtopic, much of it from hisown life experiences.
A topic that captures theattention of students is theNative life cycle of hispeople.
“Before a child is born,his teaching has begun. His/her grandparents are thechild’s first teachers. It isthrough childhood that welearn to become adults.”
He emphasized labeling,mentioning “we are notEskimos or Indians.
“We were, and still are,not respected enough to becalled by our true identitiesas the first peoples of theAmericas,” said Aloysius.
Later during the week,students take-in a classtaught by Jim Garrett, Ph.D.,
Cheyenne River Lakota, onbison ecology and grassecology.
Visiting instructors to thepracticum are greeted bystudents and introducethemselves to the guest.
As Dr. Garrett shakes eachstudent’s hand, he listens towhere each student is from.He starts his introduction bytelling them where he comesfrom. His ancestral history,that he traced as far back as1820, to Lone Horn, hisancestor. He said he wastraditionally named after hisancestor, who was with theMnicoujou band.
He shares some of hisextensive research aboutbison with the students. Thatthere are parallels betweenwhat happened to thebuffalo and to Native people.
He said bison experi-enced tremendous problemsjust as Native people have.When the Europeans firstcame here, the Nativepopulation decreased,including many species.
“The buffalo here todayare descended from a groupof 500 remaining from adecimated population of atleast 50 million here at onetime.
“With the sharp declineof bison,Native people wereimpacted,” said Dr. Garrett,“and so our ecologicalknowledge had gone by theway-side.”
He said some of thisecological knowledge isbeginning to emerge,through scholars amongst us.
There is a language thatbison speak, he said. “It isdifferent from the language Ispeak, it’s a language that hasa relationship with us, whichis being recovered. Theyhave come back in numbers.They number at least 4-5hundred thousand.
As an ecological forcebison helped to shape theGreat Plains for “what it is, orwas, a grassland ecosystem.”
The idea of grassroots iscomparable to the strength
“I’m thinking particularlyof one our instructors, DustyMiller, who said he finishedhis last semester of schoolwith one leg left.
“He’s a role-modelbecause if we just set ourmind to it, we can doanything we want. It’s a greatthing to have.”
Adrian “Dusty” Miller, ateacher with the practicumfor more than10 yearstraveled from Wisconson, tobe part of this practicum.
He shares with thestudents how he arrived athis current position, as CEOand President of theMenominee Tribal Enter-prises, a sustainable, tribalmanaged forest and woodproducts manufacturingenterprise owned by theMenominee Tribe.
“We all have a gift,” saidMiller. “I guess mine is lawenforcement, teaching, andleadership.”
Though he experiencedhardship in his life andsetbacks, Miller encouragedthe students to believe theycan make a difference.
He tells the students thathe wants them to succeed inlife.
Photos clockwise from( left - right):Jim Garrett teaches bison ecology;Bob Aloysius, Elder shared culturalecological knowledge daily; Adrian“Dusty” Miller holds an eagle featherwhich he presented to Aloysius; BenBerlinger, National ResourceConservation Service (NRCS) teachesa class on range and grass ecology;and Jonas Feinstein, NRCS, showsstudents the powdery substance on anaspen tree, if rubbed, could be usedas a natural form of aspirin.
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of the Indian people.“Grassroots grow deep
into the ground at least 25 ft.If the grass is burned, itwould not come back in thenext growing season, but forsure, in the next season.
“Indian people are likethat. We can be cut down,made to go to missionschool, prevented fromtalking and praying in ourlanguage and look whathappened? The nextgeneration is coming backbecause they’re picking upthe knowledge. This helps tocreate healthy tribalnations.”
A.J. Watters, 11th gradestudent from Pine Ridge,South Dakota expressed thedeep importance of agrassroot ecosystem.
“If you don’t pull theentire grassroots from thebottom, then grass can easilygrow again. Cattle destroythe land but bison help it togrow. And I think that’s agood thing.”
Throughout the week,days are packed withclasses, team-buildingactivities and field trips.
A trip to the National
Eagle Repository in Denver,CO, took one day for studentsto view what goes into theprocess of preparing eaglesfor distribution to thoselegally requesting eaglefeathers. They watched theprocess of when a perishedeagle is received, it isanalyzed for age, species, andthe condition of its feathers.
Some students wereaffected by the visit to theeagle respository.
Jake DeClay, a 10th gradeWhite Mountain Apachestudent from Whiteriver,Arizona said confiscatedNative American items likeshells and pow-wowblankets were just sittingthere collecting dust.
“It would be importantfor tribes if they werecontacted about these items,”he said.
Miles Chisholm said hefelt shocked and hurt aboutseeing the items and theeagles at the repository.
“You know, that’s how weget our feathers. It’s not like inthe old days when we canpick up an eagle, put sometobacco down and give it toour elders. Now we have tosend it in.”
Several classes and
instructors addressed an allimportant topic of water.
Cheyenne Garcia, MojaveTribe, Colorado River Tribes,Environment Department,shared water’s connection toeverything.
“Water is like a conduit,we are surrounded by it. It iseverything we as humansare. I am part of somethingthat is gone on and so in asense, we are filters. We can’tdo much without water.”
In this outdoor class,students sit in a circle andthey share and ask questionsabout water, what it means tothem and their communities.
“Our water goes tosouthern Arizona all the wayto Phoenix, said Jake DeClay,from Whiteriver, Arizona.“Before it gets to Phoenix, theWhiteriver and the East ForkRivers meet and theybecome one large river.There’s also the Black Riverwhich turns into the SaltRiver which also flowstoward Phoenix. This water isbeing lost to us because itgoes to the Phoenix area.Sometimes our water is shutdown for days.”
He said his tribe, theWhite Mountain Apachehave been fighting for watersince 1955.
Lariah High Hawk, 12thgrade, Pine Ridge, SouthDakota said she would liketo go to college and major ina field having to do withwater, perhaps she will majorin the field of hydrology.
A natural storyteller, shetold a story handed downfrom her grandmother aboutbeavers.
It is about a man and hisson that lived near a river.Beaver walls were built upand so water was goingthrough slowly. A farmerneeded water to irrigate sohe asked the man for help.Thinking that he was helping,the man destroyed thebeavers and their dams, notknowing the effect. The resultwas no more water. So theman’s son captured a coupleof beavers. Slowly, thebeavers rebuilt their damsfrom scratch, with small twigs
and grass. For years the riverkept growing and finallytrees were being used fortheir dams. They restoredwater to the land.
‘This is why I know theimportance of water, “saidHigh Hawk.
“Without beavers, therewould not be healthy rivers.They know about water, howto treat it.”
One of the activities thatstudents get excited aboutinvolves sharing. Studentshave the opportunity to do acultural presentation such as:storytelling, sharing a tribalgame, singing or dancing.
“This activity ofstorytelling is a way for thestudents to demonstratereciprocity and share whothey are,” said Sally Carufel-Williams, practicum coordi-nator, NAFWS.
She said the entirepracticum, and all itsactivities are centered on thevalues and concepts of the 5R’s: Respect; Reciprocity,Responsibility; Relations, andReason.
Instructors this yearnumbered at least 20 in all.Several instructors who alsoserved as practicumcounselors are long-timemembers of the NAFWS.
On the last day of theprogram, a special meal ofIndian tacos is prepared by aNative family from Denver.Then students and staffparticipate in a talent show.This fun wrap-up activityconcluded the practicum forone more year.
“The practicum this yearwas another fine example ofour natural Native intellect,”said Carufel-Williams. “Ourpeople have the dualresponsibility to be teachersand learners. Through thispracticum we get to makebetter people by applyingthe lessons from the naturalworld which show that weare not above it; but are apart of it.”
Classes included: waterquality testing, careers, lowimpact camping, first-
( See p( See p( See p( See p( See p..... 8 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 8 - YYYYYouth - )outh - )outh - )outh - )outh - )Students participate in a mock search and rescue scenario.
Students discusstheir connectionsto water and theircommunities.
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Sunday 7/19/09 - Sunday 7/19/09 - Sunday 7/19/09 - Sunday 7/19/09 - Sunday 7/19/09 - I arrivedhappy and eager to meet witheveryone and to play basketball.Got unpacked and situated. Just afew people on my side of thecabin again, which is the quietside for sleep and comfort. Afterchanging into shorts I wentoutside to play basketball andstarted the bonding process. Weplayed 3 vs. 3, and 21 was big, and itwas like a meeting or a congrega-tion. It rained the first day so we allate inside.
We said a prayer for ourloved ones, and whatever youchoose, before each and everymeal. After that everyone startedto get acquainted. We cametogether and introducedourselves from our different tribesand played a game to get to knowone another. Before bedtime wesaid a prayer for the new faces inthe practicum.
Monday 7/20/09 -Monday 7/20/09 -Monday 7/20/09 -Monday 7/20/09 -Monday 7/20/09 - Prayerbefore breakfast, and after thatwe played some group games likeRez Life and Capture the Flag. Welistened to Opa [Opa meaninggrandfather] - some call him Slick,an elder from Alaska, he spoke tous about the importance of familyand understanding our heritage.We then had lunch and went on ahike. Up the mountain weclimbed, with various stops tolearn about the native plants andtheir medicinal purposes.Afterwards we played a gameand then had a rest period. Dusty, aspeaker who is motivated toextend his knowledge and opennew windows, talked to us abouthis experiences; how he kept hismind focused and became asmart and successful individual,and how those illegal substanceswill blacken a person's spirit. Helectured us while we sat quietlyabsorbing the information. Sally,the coordinator for the practicumtalked to us about how importantwe are and if we set our hearts tosomething it can be achieved. We
played more teamwork gameslike passing a ball with only ourcriss-crossed legs. We ate and thenplayed some basketball and wenton a night hike like we did lastyear. We were blindfolded andhad to hold onto a rope whiletrusting each other and listeningwhile being led down a trail: thiswas to teach trust. Later we endedup talking about what we learnedand had a snack and slept.
TTTTTuesdauesdauesdauesdauesday 7/21/09y 7/21/09y 7/21/09y 7/21/09y 7/21/09 - Windyday but sunny. My family, which isa group and one counselor, had aprayer before breakfast whichwas good. There were a lot ofspeakers today, in addition to theusual Opa and Dusty. Opa spoke ofthe learning process. Dusty spokeof having the courage to stand outand not let alcohol take over andtear you down. We must look orseek help to make us stronger ifyou're in a bad habit. Four peoplefrom the United States Depart-ment of Agriculture (USDA) andthe Natural Resource Conserva-tion Service (NRCS) came toteach us about watersheds,grazing, ranges, and plants. Theytold us about herding cattlearound so that grass doesn't getdepleted. Grass can grow back ifonly half of the area is eaten, andto conserve water as much as youcan.
Returning from lunch wefinished up with the NRCSmembers and the last was the bestin my opinion. Jonas, who is inforestry, talked about QuakingAspen, of which the powder onthe bark is a natural aspirin andthe root system is all connected.Next was the Ponderosa Pinewhich the needles have lots ofvitamin C and the bark isdesigned to withstand fires. Thelast fire in Colorado killedmillions of acres that areirreplaceable and it will taketime to heal. The woods aregetting too congested and it is
more likely to get more forest firesnow, and in greater amounts, sinceyou can't have a controlled burnof the forest without investing a lotof time, expense and paperwork.We then took a break because ofit being a long day; we met at themeadow at 3.00pm. We startedplaying more games togetheragain in a group. Jim, who has aPhD. talked about the "NativeAmerican Root System", and howwe keep growing after people cutus down because we are not liketrees; how if trees get cut downthey don't grow back. He alsonoted a historian (AndrewEisenberg) who was incorrectabout his theory on how the bisonwere killed off by INDIANS. Wewent to the recreation room andtalked about college with JohnGritts. He is the financial aiddirector for Indian colleges. Hetalked about admissions forcollege and turning in things early.It was good, then we talked aboutcollege and the counselors told usabout their struggles while goingto college.
WWWWWednesdaednesdaednesdaednesdaednesday 7/22/09 y 7/22/09 y 7/22/09 y 7/22/09 y 7/22/09 -Wokeup early this morning and left Mt.Evans for a field trip to theNational Wildlife Refuge locatedsouth of Denver. We went on a trailto learn more about plants andhow the refuge used to be aweapons plant during WWII. Nowit's a landfill and a refuge with 27bison. After that we checked outthe water to take samples of PHlevels and phosphate, nitrate, andnitrite. We learned about turbiditywhich is how dense or murkywater is compared to tap water.Then we ate our packed lunchesand went to the repository forbald and golden eagles; they takerequests from Indians who wish toobtain eagle parts or feathers.Then we checked out theconfiscated items in a warehouse.The items were taken on U.S.borders because of laws whichprotects certain animals, animalsthat can't be transported oranimals confiscated from thosewho didn't have a permit. Wewent to Jump City which is aplace where trampolines are allover on the walls and, of course,on the ground. They also have adodge ball area which was fun.
One of Sally's sons (bees) orCetanwanbili spoke to us andmade us think critically about thequestion: "What does Nativemean to you?" Then we talkedabout the old ways being the bestways, like using bison instead ofcattle. Bison were smart andalways shifted and roamed and
moved so there were always grassto feed on, unlike cattle who willsit there until it is gone, evenwithout a fence. We had aflashback of the day andreflected.
Thursday 7/23/09Thursday 7/23/09Thursday 7/23/09Thursday 7/23/09Thursday 7/23/09 - Afterbreakfast we had "Opa time" inthe morning like usual and talkedabout our spirit and how to help it.Then we ate lunch then went to apark to learn about the waterquality, and how birds declinethen increase when migratory orshoreline birds go to and fromSouth America and Alaska. Wealso talked about problems in ourlands back home and the waterquality. Then we returned andshared stories from our home-lands and did a small presenta-tion.
FFFFFrrrrridaidaidaidaiday 7/24/09y 7/24/09y 7/24/09y 7/24/09y 7/24/09 - Opa time; Iwill miss listening to him everymorning.
We then listened to Norman,who is an original NAFWS founder,about environmental injusticesand scenarios where companiestry to buy Indian land. Then wehad our pictures taken and hadtime to reflect on environmentalinjustices. We ate fry bread on thelast day. We exchanged rainy daynotes, which are notes to peoplewhen they need to cheer up andeveryone gets one so it takessome time to write them all out.We then had our talent show andthen went to sleep for an earlymorning ride to the airport. Acouple of friends of mine sang asong with me which was, "LetsStay Together", by Al Green, whichwas a lot fun.
Saturday 7/25/09Saturday 7/25/09Saturday 7/25/09Saturday 7/25/09Saturday 7/25/09 - Arrived atthe Denver airport early; hung outwith friends that were leavingfrom the same concourse; saidour goodbyes as we each left forour homelands. Another greatpracticum!
PRACTICUM STUDENT SHARESDAILY JOURNAL
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photo by: Jolynn
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One of the most attendedNAFWS Southwest Regionconferences was held July27-30, 2009 with 184 partici-pants. It was hosted by thePueblo of Isleta Casino andResort facility.
The conference themewas, Managing Tribal Re-sources in The Face ofEnvironmental Changes.
The Governor of thePueblo of Isleta, RobertBenavides welcomedeveryone to the conference.
“Water is so important tous, its our way of life, we are afarming people,” saidBenavides.
Welcome remarks weregiven by president of theNAFWS, Joe Jay Pinkham III,Fred Matt, Executive Directorof the NAFWS.
Master of Ceremonies,Arthur “Butch” Blazer, boarddirector, NAFWS SouthwestRegion said policy develop-ment here in the U.S. ishappening without Nativepeople. Our tribal leaders dothe best they can to take careof their resources. But who isgoing to take care of theresources beyond our time?
He said, “In September,some of the major nationaltribal natural resourceorganizations were invited todiscuss how to better serveour tribal leadership, and Iwant our board of directorsto understand our strengthsand be able to feed off thatstrength.”
A representative fromSenator Tom Udall’s office,Calvert Curley said he wasattending on behalf ofSenator Udall. “Many issuesaffect the southwest. It isimportant to build rapportwith tribal communities. Inthis regard, Senator Udalllooks forward to workingwith you.”
A keynote address wasgiven by Hannibal Bolton,
Assistant Director, Wildlifeand Sport Fish Restoration,U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,Washington, D.C.. Headdressed the conferencetheme.
He shared ways thatavailable conservationdollars to tribes can bestretched as far as possible.He stressed the importanceof tribes benefitting bybuilding partnerships andthroughbeing more strategicwhen seeking moneybecause Congress is lookingfor strategic goals andmeasurable differences. (SeeHannibal’s complete keynoteaddress on page 9 in thisnewsletter).
The host tribe, Pueblo ofIsleta’s Natural ResourceManagement Program wasshowcased by AbelCamarena, Director, NaturalResources Department,Pueblo of Isleta.
A diverse landscape andcultural leadership are whatthe tribe values and workswith said Camarena.Components in the naturalresources departmentinclude: resource protection;hydrology or water re-sources; environmentalcompliance; and environ-mental response.
General session panel-ists focused on climatechange in the Southwest. Itsimpact and how humanscan adapt or modify theiractions.
“In the Southwestmountain areas, there couldbe more wildfires,” said CraigAllen, USGS, Jemez MountainField Station, “in severity andmore acreage burned,increased winds anderosion. Forests are globallyvulnerable to climatechange die-off.”
Dave Gori with the
COLLABORATION,PARTNERSHIPS....SHARING OFINFORMATIONPresenters Respond to Southwest Region ConferencePresenters Respond to Southwest Region ConferencePresenters Respond to Southwest Region ConferencePresenters Respond to Southwest Region ConferencePresenters Respond to Southwest Region ConferenceThemeThemeThemeThemeTheme
( - see p. 8 - SW Conf. - )
The traditional feast was hosted by Pueblo of Isleta at IsletaLakes Recreation complex.
The Southwest shoot team that will compete in the 2010national shoot competition in Fond du Lac.
Attendees enjoy traditional feast held at Isleta Lakes.
People take a break and mingle between sessions.
A panel addressed Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act andCooperative Efforts Between Tribes and the USFWS.
Nature Conservancy saidsharing of information andworking together are whatwe, as land managers can dofor climate change.
Garrett Voggesser,National Wildlife Federationsaid that tribes need to workwith other tribal govern-ments.
“Partnerships andcollaboration are what isneeded; we must shareinformation and worktogether.”
A panel of the NewMexico Department of Gameand Fish and the ArizonaGame and Fish Departmentfocused on State and TribalFish and Wildlife ManagementOpportunities.
Larry Voyles, Director,Arizona Game and FishDepartment said 30 yearsago, it wasn’t possible tocome together with tribes onconservation issues.
He expressed impor-tance and need to worktogether and to formcollaborative relationships.
“The White MountainApache Tribe recoveredApache Trout. It was acollective conservation effortwith them. Now, they have aone-of-a-kind sports fishingoperation,” said Voyles.
Garry Cantley, Archeolo-gist, Western Region, Bureauof Indian Affairs presentedon Protecting Cultural andTraditional Sites.
The NAFWS SouthwestBusiness meeting wasconducted for the member-ship. Items discussed were:Summer Youth Programs;need for partnerships; newrelationship with the WildlifeSociety; and the Reinitiationof the Native American Fishand Wildlife Management Act.This resolution submitted bythe Affiliated Tribes ofNorthwest Indians of theUnited States proposes toreinitiate this act to remedythe long-standing inequalityinherent in the Pittman-Robertson, Dingell-Johnson,and Wallop-Breaux Acts.
A traditional feast washosted by the Pueblo ofIsleta and held at thepueblo’s Isleta LakesRecreation complex.Traditional food was cateredby the Pueblo of Isleta Resortand Casino.
Concurrent sessions onthe second day of theconference offered multiplesessions focused on: WildlifeManagement, FisheriesManagement, and Endan-gered Species. Each 30-minute session was packedthroughout the first day ofconcurrent sessions, (24) intotal. On the third day of theconference, 22 sessionsfocused on: Wildlife LawEnforcement; Tribal WildlifeGrant Reports; and Educa-tional and Training Opportu-nities in Natural Resources,Habitat Management, andEnvironmental. A U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service GrantTraining workshop was alsoon the agenda.
“Concurrent sessionswere packed,” said NormanJojola, Southwest Regionalplanning committee, “manypresenters requested topresent. Our planningcommittee did a good job offinding speakers.”
March 29 - April 2, 2010-March 29 - April 2, 2010-March 29 - April 2, 2010-March 29 - April 2, 2010-March 29 - April 2, 2010-Wildlife ManagementWildlife ManagementWildlife ManagementWildlife ManagementWildlife ManagementShortcourse, Shortcourse, Shortcourse, Shortcourse, Shortcourse, Colorado StateUniversity, Ft. Collins, CO.This popular course wasdeveloped for laypersonsand agency personnel withnon-wildlife training. ShortCourse is limited to 50participants. Academiccredit is available forparticipants pendingapproval. For moreinformation, contact LariMathewson at the Office ofConference Services (970)491-6222/FAX (970) 491-3568. For information aboutcourse content contactprogram coordinator,Eugene Decker (970 4915656;[email protected]
April 20-22, 2010 - GreatApril 20-22, 2010 - GreatApril 20-22, 2010 - GreatApril 20-22, 2010 - GreatApril 20-22, 2010 - GreatBasin/Mojave DesertBasin/Mojave DesertBasin/Mojave DesertBasin/Mojave DesertBasin/Mojave DesertClimaClimaClimaClimaClimate Changte Changte Changte Changte Change e e e e WWWWWorororororkshopkshopkshopkshopkshop,,,,,University of Nevada-LasVegas. The U.S. Fish andWildlife Service, the U.S.Geological Survey, theNational Park Service, andthe Environmental Protec-tion Agency, in collabora-tion with other agenciesand organizations, aresponsoring a workshopfocusing on naturalresource research,adaptation,and mitigationneeds related to climatechange in the Great Basinand Mojave Desert. Moreinformation at: http://www.wr.usgs.gov/work-shops/index.html
June 6 - 10, 2010 - 28thJune 6 - 10, 2010 - 28thJune 6 - 10, 2010 - 28thJune 6 - 10, 2010 - 28thJune 6 - 10, 2010 - 28thAnnual NAFWS NationalAnnual NAFWS NationalAnnual NAFWS NationalAnnual NAFWS NationalAnnual NAFWS NationalConference, Conference, Conference, Conference, Conference, Cloquet,Minnesota, BlackbearCasino and Resort. To behosted by the NAFWS GreatLakes Region and the Fonddu Lac Band of LakeSuperior Chippewa. Formore information, contactsare: Tom Howes,[email protected]; DonReiter, [email protected];and Bill Bailey,[email protected] visit: http://www.nafws.org
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CALENDAR
(- see next column - )
(- SW Conf. - from p. 7.--)
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(- Future - Cont. from p. 5-)
responder,forestry, water-sheds, range ecology, fieldtrip to stream, field trip tonational eagle respository,environmental justicescenarios, grass ecology,bison ecology, native plants,game and bird migration,Native life cycle, ecologicalknowledge, and sessionswere interconnected withteambuilding exercises,games, and nightly discus-sions about each day’sactivities.
For more informationabout the summer youthpracticum, contact: SallyCarufel-Williams,[email protected]
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Dear Members of theNAFWS Family: Hope all is well with youand all your families. Thisis a quick note to let youknow that at the recentmeeting of the NAFWSBoard of Directors, aftercareful consideration, itwas decided to take a one-year “hiatus” from the an-nual national SummerYouth Practicum. This will give us somemuch-needed planningtime to work on themanual, legal responsibili-ties, the curriculum, etc.,and to do some very nec-essary fundraising. Please contact me, SallyCarufel-Williams [email protected] or Ex-ecutive Director, Fred Matt@ [email protected] if youhave any questions or con-cerns. Bless you all!
Message fromSummer YouthPracticumCoordinator
Submitted by: Hannibal Bolton, USFWS
Good morning. I have beeninvited to share with you mythoughts on Managing TribalResources in the Face ofEnvironmental Change – yourconference theme. This is a fittingtopic for me – but not because Iam particularly wise, or haveanswers to what is probably themost pressing conservationchallenge of our lives. It is fittingbecause I administer the federalassistance programs – grantprograms that can help the tribesmanage resources in these mostdifficult of times. I will talk brieflyabout the programs I administer,their relevance to the tribes, andfuture prospects for additionalconservation funding – includinga couple thoughts on making theconservation dollars that areavailable to you stretch as far aspossible.
Before I do, I first want tothank all of you for what you havedone for conservation inAmerica. This is important: I donot mean it lightly. During my 34years with the Fish and WildlifeService I have seen the tribesassume conservation leadershiptime and again, with results thatreally matter. In the Southwest, theWhite Mountain Apache Tribehelped save the Apache Troutfrom possible extinction. In thenorthwest, no one is morededicated to salmon recoverythan the tribes – or more awareof the need to take a holisticecological approach in doing so.Walleye on Red Lake inNorthwest Minnesota are thrivingtoday because the ChippewaTribe acted. Lake Trout on LakeSuperior returned from the brinkof oblivion because the tribescared. And on the same lake
today, tribes are working to helprestore the once fabled CoasterBrook trout fishery. Elsewhere, theFlathead Tribe is conserving
grizzlies and northern gray wolves,the northern Cheyenne andRosebud Sioux tribes are restoringblack-footed ferrets, and the Creektribe is helping to bring endan-gered gopher tortoises and red-cockaded woodpeckers backfrom the edge.
What you have done forconservation to date is notableand I have no doubt what you willdo for conservation in the futurewill be even more remarkable. Butfuture conservations achieve-ments by the tribes will need morethan past success or any goodwishes I might offer. You know thatalready and that is why you askedme here.
I have responsibility for theWildlife and Sport Fish RestorationProgram, which is made up ofthree funding sources: the Pittman-Robertson Wildlife RestorationAct, the Dingell Johnson Sport FishRestoration Act and the State andTribal Wildlife Grants.
The Sport Fish RestorationAct dollars is the largest of thethree funds. Passed in 1950, it usesrevenues from excise taxes onsport fishing equipment, includingfuel for boats, to fund fishrestoration plans and projects,facilities for recreational boating,and aquatic resource educationin the States, the District ofColumbia, and Insular Areas – the
territories of theUnited States.Total dollarsavailable forSport FishRestoration in2009 was $404.5M.
The WildlifeRestoration Actis the next largestfund I administer.Passed in 1937, ituses revenuefrom excisetaxes on sportingarms and
ammunition to fund projects forwildlife conservation, includingspecies that are not hunted orfished, restoration and protectionof wildlife habitat, and huntereducation and safety programs inthe States, the District ofColumbia, and the territories. Totaldollars available for WildlifeRestoration in 2009 was $336.5M.
The State and Tribal GrantsProgram is the smallest of thethree funds. It was created byCongress in 2002 and it is made upof the State Wildlife GrantProgram and the Tribal WildlifeGrant Program, both of which arefunded by annual congressionalappropriations. Funds from theState Program are apportioned byboth formula and competition tothe States, the District of Columbiaand U.S. territories to address theconservation needs that areidentified within each State’sComprehensive Wildlife ActionPlan. Total dollars appropriatedfor the State Program in 2009 was$61.1M in apportioned funds and$5M in competitive funds. Incontrast, funds from the TribalProgram are allocated exclu-sively as competitive grants forwildlife conservation, but withoutthe restrictions that are tied to theState Program. Total dollarsappropriated for the TribalProgram in 2009 was $7M.
Prospects are excellent forexpanded funding for the Stateand Tribal Wildlife GrantsProgram in 2010. The President has
asked for an increase of $40M forthe program for projects andactions that address the needs ofspecies and habitats mostvulnerable to the affects ofclimate change. Ten percent ofthe new climate change dollarswould go to the Tribal WildlifeGrant Program for competitivegrants, raising the total availablefor grants from the 2009 level of$7M to as much as $11M in 2010.The remaining climate changedollars would be apportioned tothe States for incorporation ofclimate change strategies intotheir Comprehensive WildlifeAction Plans and climatechange-related projects.Altogether, total funding for theState and Tribal Wildlife Grantprogram could equal $115M in2010.
As you all know, the tribesare excluded from both theWildlife and Sport FishRestoration Funds. This is not thechoice of the Fish and WildlifeService; it is the dictate ofCongress. I know that many of youbelieve this is neither fair nor just,and I know many of you wouldlike to seek a remedy. There istalk of withdrawing tribal landsfrom the calculation ofapportioned benefits to theindividual states. However, thiswould simply redistributeapportionments to states thathave a lesser tribal presence –not only harming many westernstates, but depriving tribes of asatisfactory solution. Some of youhave also talked about taking alltribal lands off the top of the tworestoration funds, creatingseparate funds proportionate toexcise taxes generated onreservations. Any action, ofcourse, will require Congres-sional approval – an iffyproposition for a recessionaryperiod in which State revenuesand budgets are plummeting.
I believe you have betteroptions. Let me suggest three thatI think are reasonable andachievable.
First, it is very likely thatCongress is going to pass energylegislation and the President isgoing to sign it into law. TheAmerican Clean Energy andSecurity Act of 2009 was passedby the House, and is now beingconsidered by the Senate. Itcreates two new opportunities
KEYNOTE PRESENTED AT THE2009 SOUTHWEST REGIONCONFERENCE
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(see p. 11 - keynote - )(see p. 11 - keynote - )(see p. 11 - keynote - )(see p. 11 - keynote - )(see p. 11 - keynote - )
10
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has announced a final ruleon two new permit regulations that would allow for the take ofeagles and eagle nests under the Bald Golden Eagle in FlightandGolden Eagle Protection Act (Eagle Act). The final rule shouldwas published in the Federal Register on September 11, 2009.
Bald Eagles were removed from the endangered species listin June 2007 because their populations recovered sufficiently.However, the protections under the Eagle Act continue to apply.When the Bald Eagle was delisted, the Service proposed regula-tions to create a permit program to authorize limited take of BaldEagles and Golden Eagles where take is associated with other-wise lawful activities.
The permits will authorize limited, non-purposeful take ofBald Eagles and Golden Eagles; authorizing individuals, compa-nies, government agencies (including tribal governments), andother organizations to disturb or otherwise take eagles in thecourse of conducting lawful activities such as operating utilitiesand airports. Most permits issued under the new regulationswould authorize disturbance. In limited cases, a permit mayauthorize the physical take of eagles, but only if every precautionis taken to avoid physical take. Removal of eagle nests wouldusually be allowed only when it is necessary to protect humansafety or the eagles.
Population information for both eagle species will guide theService in determining how many permits may be issued in anylocality, including other types of permits the Service alreadyissues. Priority will be given to Native American requests forpermits to take eagles (under existing regulations) where the takeis necessary for traditional ceremonies. Because of the limitedsize of the Bald Eagle populations in the Southwest, permits maynot be available in all locations. Disturbance or take of GoldenEagles is likely to be limited everywhere in the U.S. due topotential population declines. For more information, http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/baldeagle.htm
NEW BALD AND GOLDENEAGLE PERMIT REGULATIONS
Submitted by: Dwayne Meadows, Ph.D.,
NOAA
Species of ConcernProgram National Coordina-tor
Office of ProtectedResources (F/PR3)
National Marine FisheriesService
1315 East West HighwaySilver Spring, MD 20910(301) 713-1401 x 199FAX: (301) [email protected]
The NationalMarine Fisheries Service(NMFS) of the NationalOceanic and AtmosphericAdministration (NOAA)implements and administersmany laws related toprotection of marine andanadromous species andhabitats including theEndangered Species Act(ESA), Marine MammalProtection Act, and theMagnuson-Stevens FisheryConservation and Manage-ment Act. Implementingthese laws often involvescarrying out regulatorymandates that often havelittle flexibility. However, inrecent years we (NMFS) haveplaced additional emphasisand resources into otherconservation programs thatare non-regulatory in natureand able to be moreproactive and cooperative innature. One such program isthe ‘Species of Concern’(SOC) program for speciesthat do not yet warrant theprotections of the ESA. Inthis article I highlight thefeatures of this program andthe opportunities it providesfor Native American wildlifeagencies and tribes.
In April 2004 NMFSestablished the Species of
Concern Program specifi-cally to: (1) identify speciespotentially at risk; (2) identifydata deficiencies anduncertainties in species’status and threats; (3)increase public awarenessabout these species; (4)stimulate cooperativeresearch efforts to obtain theinformation necessary toevaluate species status andthreats; and (5) fostervoluntary efforts to conservethese species before ESAlisting becomes warranted.Species of Concern aredefined as those speciesabout which we have someconcerns regarding statusand threats, but for whichinsufficient information isavailable to indicate a needto list the species under theESA (NMFS, 2004).
Currently, there are 39species of concern. Somespecies of potential interestto NAFWS members includeCentral Valley Chinooksalmon, Puget Sound cohosalmon, Oregon Coaststeelhead trout, ribbon seal,river herring, the northernDistinct Population Segmentof green sturgeon, Alabamashad, and some Pacific coastabalones. A complete list ofspecies and individual factsheets is available on ourwebsite at: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/concern/. Theprogram also held a nationalworkshop in 2008 wheremembers of State, Tribal, andnon-governmental stake-holder groups providedsuggestions of additionalspecies to add to theprogram. We are currentlyreviewing those proposedspecies to see if they meetthe biologically basedcriteria for addition to theprogram (these includeabundance and productivity,
(- see p. 11 - conservation -)(- see p. 11 - conservation -)(- see p. 11 - conservation -)(- see p. 11 - conservation -)(- see p. 11 - conservation -)
NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIESSERVICES’ PROACTIVECONSERVATION PROGRAMAn OpporAn OpporAn OpporAn OpporAn Opportunity ftunity ftunity ftunity ftunity for or or or or TTTTTrrrrribes?ibes?ibes?ibes?ibes?
The Department of theInterior will lead all of its bureausin implementing the President’sdirective for developing plans forimplementing Executive Order13175. While many bureaus haveconsultation policies in place, theDepartment’s overarching goal isto implement a consistent andcomprehensive Department-wide tribal consultation policyand process upon which Tribescan rely. The Department requestsTribes to participate in one ofseveral meetings held throughoutthe United States.
Date: Tuesday, JJJJJanananananuaruaruaruaruary 5,y 5,y 5,y 5,y 5,20102010201020102010
Times: 9:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon/1:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.
Location: Bishop HenryWhipple Federal Building, 1Federal Drive, Ft. Snelling,(Minneapolis), Minn.
In addition, three meetingsare scheduled during January2010: Thursday, JJJJJanananananuaruaruaruaruary 7,y 7,y 7,y 7,y 7,Oklahoma City, Okla.; Tuesday,January 12, January 12, January 12, January 12, January 12, Phoenix, Ariz.; andThursday, JJJJJanananananuaruaruaruaruary 14,y 14,y 14,y 14,y 14, Sacra-mento, Calif.
For more information,contact the Office of the AssistantSecretary-Indian Affairs at 202-208-7163.
DeDeDeDeDept.pt.pt.pt.pt. of Inter of Inter of Inter of Inter of Interior Scior Scior Scior Scior Schedules hedules hedules hedules hedules TTTTTrrrrribal Consultaibal Consultaibal Consultaibal Consultaibal Consultation Meetingstion Meetingstion Meetingstion Meetingstion Meetings
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11
distribution, life-historyinformation and threats tothe species). NativeAmerican Tribes canpropose additional speciesthat meet the SOC criteria toprogram staff for consider-ation.
Species of Concernstatus does not carry anyprocedural or substantiveprotections under the ESAor other laws. Instead theprogram provides access tofunding, technical assistance,and partnership opportuni-ties for stakeholders to carryout voluntary conservationand management measuresto improve the status of SOCspecies. We fund conserva-tion efforts for species ofconcern through one ofthree mechanisms: (1) theProactive Species Conserva-tion Grant Program, whichfunds Tribes, States andother non-federal manage-ment entities for on-the-ground conservation efforts;(2) an annual allocationamong NMFS Regions andScience Centers for researchand outreach projects thatcan involve Tribes andothers as partners, and (3)allocation by our RegionalOffices to stakeholders toaddress regional needs forSOCs.
The Proactive SpeciesConservation Grant Programis a competitive grantprogram that provides fundsto Tribes, States, Counties, orother nonfederal entitieswith management authorityover an SOC so that theycan conserve these species.The request for proposals is
made in December of eachyear in NOAA’s omnibusgrants announcement in theFederal Register (check ourwebsite address above forlinks to grant programinformation). An applicantmust submit a proposal thatmeets certain broad criteria(the main evaluation criteriaare: importance/relevanceand applicability to programgoals, technical/scientificmerit, overall applicantqualifications, project costs,and outreach and educa-tion). Benefits to the SOC arethe main goal and theprogram favors project thattake an ecosystem perspec-tive and involve multiplepartners. Funding can be forup to 5 years and there is nomatch requirement. Theother 2 funding mechanismsare less formal and developthrough partnerships withstakeholders and NMFS staff.A list of regional programcontacts is also available onour website. The informationgained and conservationactions taken through theseprojects are designed tobenefit the species byaddressing known threats totheir existence or gatheringfurther information onsuspected threats. From FY2006 through the present wehave funded over $4.5Million for projects to benefitSOC species.
In addition to grants, weprovide access to NOAA staffand equipment and othertechnical experts to adviseand assist stakeholders onresearch or managementmethods or needs, outreach
and education, etc. We alsowork closely with otherrelevant funding programsoutside (e.g., WildlifeConservation Society’sWildlife Action OpportunitiesFund) and inside NOAA(e.g., NOAA’s Open RiversInitiative, Community-basedHabitat Restoration Program,etc) to help stakeholderagencies find partners toimplement priority projectsto help SOC species.
Although still in itsinfancy, the SOC Program hasevolved from limited agencyresearch and outreach effortsinto a national program thatengages external partners inproactive conservationefforts. Over time and withsome demonstrated successin preventing the need toprotect species of concernunder the ESA, this programis expected to grow. Overall,these proactive efforts willserve to increase ourknowledge of potentially atrisk species and provide ameasure of protection beforemore costly and restrictivemeasures are required.
LITERALITERALITERALITERALITERATURE CITEDTURE CITEDTURE CITEDTURE CITEDTURE CITEDNMFS (National Marine
Fisheries Service). 2004.Notice of establishment ofspecies of concern list,addition of species tospecies of concern list,description of factors foridentifying species ofconcern, and revision ofcandidate species list.Federal Register 69: 19975-19979.
for funding tribal conservation.The first is funding fromemission allowances underSection 453 of the Act to enabletribes to build resilience toclimate change impacts.Although these funds are notallocated directly to speciesand habitat conservation, theywill provide support to addresswater quality and quantity,ecosystem disruption, andflooding and drought – factorswhich will impact our ability tomanage fish and wildlife in thefuture.
More germane to theprograms I administer and tothe on-the-ground conservationof fish and wildlife that youpractice is Section 480 of theAct which establishes a NaturalResources Climate ChangeAdaptation Fund. The Stateswould receive grants funded byemissions’ allowances andapportioned under the formulaestablished in the Pittman-Robertson Wildlife RestorationAct. The States would be eligibleto receive this funding oncethey have revised their existingComprehensive Wildlife ActionPlans to address and incorpo-rate climate change impacts. Incontrast, the tribes wouldreceive 4.9 percent of thedollars allocated to theDepartment of the Interior toadminister the Climate ChangeAdaptation Fund as competi-tive grants through the TribalWildlife Grant Program. Thetribes would be able to usethose funds for projectspertaining to adaptation of fishand wildlife and their habitatsto climate change impacts.
Although these newfunding sources are expectedto be significant, I think there iseven more the tribes can andshould do to stretch theirconservation dollars as far aspossible.
First, the tribes must buildon their partnership past for afuture that relies even moreheavily on partnerships. I spokeearlier of tribal successes inconservation. None of themhappened in a vacuum. TheWhite Mountain Apache Tribepreserved the last remainingpopulations of Apache Trout,
(- K(- K(- K(- K(- Keeeeeynote - Cont.ynote - Cont.ynote - Cont.ynote - Cont.ynote - Cont. fr fr fr fr fr..... p p p p p..... 9 - ) 9 - ) 9 - ) 9 - ) 9 - )
( - See p. 12 - keynote - )( - See p. 12 - keynote - )( - See p. 12 - keynote - )( - See p. 12 - keynote - )( - See p. 12 - keynote - )
( - conservation - from p. 10 - )( - conservation - from p. 10 - )( - conservation - from p. 10 - )( - conservation - from p. 10 - )( - conservation - from p. 10 - )
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but it took a partnership withother stakeholders, includingfederal and state agencies, toreintroduce the trout at alandscape scale in order toachieve population targets thatmust be met before it is finallydelisted.
On Lake Superior, the tribeswere instrumental in recoveringLake Trout, but it took the powerof partnerships with otheragencies and organizations toleverage their resources into newpractices and policies thatultimately resulted in Lake Troutrecovery. Lake Trout catch quotaswere set in coordination betweenthe tribes and state agencies tomanage commercial fishing. That,in combination with my agencieswork to control sea lampreypredation, culminated in thespecies rebounding to commer-cially-viable levels.
Good partnerships match theworkings of the natural world. Fishand wildlife do not respect theboundaries we as humans set-upto divide our legal jurisdictionsand ownerships. None of us – nosingle reservation, federal agency,or private landowner -- controls somuch habitat or has so manyresources at hand that they couldunilaterally protect or restoremost species. If we wish topractice effective conservation –conservation attuned to the needsof fish and wildlife in the realworld – we must join with othersin order to practice conservationat a physical scale that matters,and to amass and wield themagnitude of resources it willtake. That’s how we restored theLake Trout and how we arerestoring the Apache trout. Andthat’s exactly how I look at ourTribal Wildlife Grant Program – asa partnership, as one that ishelping to enable tribes toconserve wolves, grizzlies, black-footed ferrets, gopher tortoises,red-cockaded woodpeckers, andother species.
Put simply, partnerships arenecessary to help all of usleverage our scarce resourcesand limited conservationcapacities. Partnerships will allowyou, the tribes, to do more withyour conservation dollars. Theywill allow you, the tribes, to takethe $5 million in current TribalWildlife Grant dollars andleverage those dollars two, three,
or four-fold. Partnerships will allowyou, the tribes, to achieve more ofwhat you want to do with yourconservation dollars. Alone, youmight invest to restore apopulation of ferrets, salmon, orred-cockaded woodpeckers; inpartnership you can investenough to restore multiplepopulations of those species – ormaybe even enough to recover alisted species.
Building partnerships,however, takes work. They don’thappen naturally. You need toreach out, to network, and toestablish ties and workingrelationships with the agenciesand organizations that overlapyour interests and who could joinwith you to advance yourconservation goals. For example,the Association of Fish andWildlife Agencies has a Federal,State and Tribal Relationsstanding committee that meetsregularly at the annual meetingsof the Association of Fish andWildlife Agencies, the WesternAssociation of Fish and WildlifeAgencies, and the NorthAmerican Wildlife and NaturalResources Conference. But thetribes are virtually unrepresented.The National Fish Habitat ActionPlan is the largest nationalinitiative to restore fish habitat inthe U.S. But tribes are barelyrepresented. If the tribes are totake advantage of partnershipsthen they must get active with thestates and the many conservationpartners of the National FishHabitat Action Plan and its Board.
Second, and no lessimportant, the tribes must becomemore strategic in their conserva-tion planning and implementa-tion. Congress is looking moreclosely than ever before at how itsappropriations are being used byall of us. It’s true of my agency, it’strue of conservation NGOs, it’s trueof the states, and it’s true of thetribes. It’s no longer sufficient tosay you spent dollars on thisspecies or that habitat, and simplyreport it, and leave it there. Youmust now tell why you choose thatspecies or habitat – what wasyour strategic goal – and whatwere the outcomes of your efforts.Did you actually achievesomething meaningful; can youanswer the “so what” question: OK,so you restored an acre ofwetland, removed a streambarrier, performed a genetic study,and did an inventory andassessment of population X. What
was your goal in the first place,and did any of these actions makea measureable difference?Congress is demanding that all ofus show what we are doing withtaxpayer dollars and whatoutcomes we achieved withthose dollars, and whether thoseoutcomes contribute to goals thatmatter – like recovery of a listedspecies. We must now prove thatthe conservation we practiceculminates in significantconservation outcomes –measured in natural resourceoutputs – that matter to the nationand to your tribal lands.
The States were required todevelop comprehensive wildlifeaction plans that would hopefullylead them to more strategicinvestment of State and Federaldollars in fish and wildlifeconservation. The tribes have nosuch requirement, but I believe itwould benefit them enormously ifthey voluntarily developedconservation strategies to meettheir conservation goals and toget the most conservation bangfrom the taxpayer buck. I believeit would make an enormousdifference to Congress when itasks what the tribes haveachieved with federal dollars. Ifyou can show the monies werespent strategically to achievepriority conservation goals, youwill be in a far better position toseek new or additional federalassistance.
There is nothing magic aboutbeing strategic or settingconservation strategies. The stepsare straight forward: (1) Youidentify what you aspire to – yourgoals and objectives; (2) Youcollect the information you needto understand the factors thatcurrently limit reaching thosegoals and objectives; (3) You
identify the best conservationactions required to address thoselimiting factors; (4) You imple-ment those conservation actions;(5) You monitor the outcomes ofyour conservation actions to besure you are getting the outcomesyou predicted and want; and (6)You change your conservationactions – what we call adaptivemanagement – if you determineyou are not achieving theoutcomes you seek.
Strategic thinking really boilsdown to two things: one,identifying what you want toachieve and the actions you musttake to get there and, two, themeans to make it all happen.Many of us are good at strategicthinking, but all the fine strategiesin the world amount to little if wecan’t deliver on them. This bringsus back to partnerships.Conservation thinking will help uspinpoint exactly what we want todo and how best we can do it.Partnerships will enable us tocarry through on our conserva-tion strategies – to implementconservation at a landscapescale where real benefits canaccrue to fish and wildlife.
The tribes have proventhemselves to be staunchstewards of nature. Your ethicalcommitment to the caring for fishand wildlife is indisputable andbeyond reproach. You takesecond seat to none in this regard.But there is still much work to bedone. New funds are likely tobecome available. But they arejust the starting point. Your successdepends on your strategic use ofthose funds and your ability toleverage them through partner-ships into conservation outcomesthat matter to your tribe, yourneighbors, and the people of theUnited States.
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Submitted by: Kevin Terry, Fisheries
Biologist, Jicarilla Game and Fish
The Roundtail Chub(Gila robusta) is a mediumsized omnivorous fish that isnative to the Colorado RiverBasin.
They are consideredthreatened or endangered ineach of the 5 states in whichthey reside, and recently theUSFWS has determined that adistinct population segmentfrom the lower ColoradoRiver drainage is warrantedbut precluded for listingunder the EndangeredSpecies Act.
What it all boils down tois, these fish need help on alarge geographic scale whichincludes a myriad ofjurisdictional Responsibility.
The Jicarilla Game andFish Department (JGFD)started to work withRoundtail Chub in 2001,when Roundtails werelocated in the Navajo Riveron the Jicarilla ApacheNation. They had beenpreviously documented inthe Navajo River on several
occasions spanning back to1934, but only 2 specimenshad been reported since1963.
Then fisheries BiologistJim White quickly began theprocess of protection forthese rare fish on theNation’s waters, and startedto prioritize managementactions and conservationmeasures that would benefitthe Roundtail Chub and theirhabitat.
In 2003 the JicarillaApache Nation was awardeda TLIP (Tribal Land IncentiveProgram) grant from theUSFWS for work withRoundtail Chub. The grantwas composed of a 3 stagework plan. The first stage ofwork was to renovate a 1,700ft. stretch of the Navajo Riverthat had been disturbed byhistorical gravel miningoperations. The river hadbeen diverted from itsnatural course in order tomine the gravel and was leftin that condition afteroperations ceased. The goalof this phase was to renovatethe disturbed section of river
and incorporate habitat suchas pools and backwater sidechannels for Roundtail chub.
The next phase of workwas to capture adultRoundtail Chubs forBroodstock to initiate captivepropagation at the J. MummaNative Aquatic SpeciesHatchery in AlamosaColorado.
The Jicarilla ApacheNation and the ColoradoDivision of Wildlife (CDOW)entered an agreement thathas proven to be quiteproductive. The agreementwas formalized in 2003 andsince then, the JicarillaApache Nation has receivedyoung of the year Roundtailchub every fall.
In 2009 the CDOWincreased their capacity toraise these rare fish andconsequently, there wereover 20,000 fish available forstocking. In light of thisexpansion, the Jicarilla Gameand Fish Department teamedup with the Southern UteTribe Wildlife ManagementDivision in September 2009to capture additional adultfish from the Navajo River inorder to expand andsupplement the broodstookat J. Mumma.
The agreement betweenthe Jicarilla Apache Nationand the CDOW really openeddoors for the Roundtail Chub
“WARRANTED BUT PRECLUDED”THE ROUNDTAIL CHUB:A story of action, observation, and cooperation from theA story of action, observation, and cooperation from theA story of action, observation, and cooperation from theA story of action, observation, and cooperation from theA story of action, observation, and cooperation from theJicarJicarJicarJicarJicarilla illa illa illa illa AAAAApacpacpacpacpache Nahe Nahe Nahe Nahe Nationtiontiontiontion
Tools of the trade. Eudane Vicenti of the Jicarilla Gameand Fish Department uses an excavator to establishand enhance complex pool habitat for the benefit of theRoundtail Chub during a 2009 Habitat Project on theNavajo River, Dulce, NM.
This serene setting (below) is an after shot of the2009 habitat project on the Navajo River. Therecently established pool is already functioningas fish habitat, and the induced debris jamstructure is doing its job collecting floating debrisand creating complex habitat for Roundtail Chuband other fish species.
Fisheries biologist Kevin Terry holds atypical Navajo River adult Roundtail thatwas captured for broodstock in 2009. Inthe background a team composed of theJicarilla Game and Fish Department andthe Southern Ute Tribe Natural ResourcesDivision electrofish complex boulder/largewood pool habitat known to be utilized byRoundtail Chub.
in the Upper San Juan RiverBasin. 2009’s big crop of fishmade it possible for theSouthern Ute Tribe and theNew Mexico Department ofGame and Fish (NMDGF) tostock a portion of the fish inother waters of the upperSan Juan River Basinproviding a great example ofpositive cooperationbetween state and tribalresource managementagencies.
The final phase of thegrant involved a two-yearradio telemetry studytracking 11 radio taggedRoundtail chub in theNavajo River on the JicarillaApache Nation. This studyidentified trends in habitatuse and movement patternsto and from the mainstemSan Juan River.
While the majority of fishwere relatively sedentary,there was at least onemigration into the San Juanand back to the Navajo riverfor every individual in thestudy. This study not onlyhelped managers to under-stand the use of tributariesby these fish, but it alsorevealed patterns of habitatuse in the Navajo River.
During the summer of 2009,the JGFD utilized the remainingfunds from the grant for a habitatenhancement project on theNavajo River. The project
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Submitted by: Tom Watts, Wildlife Specialist,
Jicarilla Apache Nation Fish & Game Dept.
The Jicarilla ApacheNation’s Game and FishDepartment has beenstudying the Golden Eaglespopulation on the 850,000-acre reservation since 2002.
The focus of the studyhas been to documentGolden Eagle territories andnesting success on reserva-tion lands, and to documenttrends over a prolongedstudy period encompassinga wide range of environmen-tal variables.
Lead contractor on thestudy is Dale Stahlecker,Eagle Environmental, whohas been conducting raptorstudies on the Jicarilla since1980.
The study has revealedthat Golden Eagles on theJicarilla nest exclusively oncliffs, with each territory
often having 2-3 potentialnest sites. Occupancy rates ofknown territories have beenhigh throughout the study,but nesting attempts and nestsuccess have varied inresponse to changes inannual precipitation andprey abundance.
Although a variety ofprey items have beenidentified in nests, cottontailrabbits are the predominantprey item.
The Game and FishDepartment began bandingGolden Eagle chicks in 2002to document dispersal andmortality of eagles fledgedfrom reservation nests.Returns have been few, butpreliminary results revealedthat fledglings disperse up to290 miles from their nest site.
Ultimately, the Game andFish Department seeks todevelop a Golden EagleConservation Plan that
sional management toGolden Eagles, a specieswith significant cultural andreligious values for indi-vidual tribal members andthe Jicarilla Apache Nationas a whole.
incorporates annual harvestof surplus eagles for religiouspurposes. The JicarillaApache Nation has a strongtradition of conservative,professional management ofits wildlife resources;incorporating tightlyregulated harvest of gamespecies with habitat protec-tion and improvement, toinsure long-term viability ofspecies important to theJicarilla Nation. The plan is toextend this level of profes-sional management toGolden Eagles, a species withsignificant cultural andreligious values for indi-vidual tribal members andthe Jicarilla Apache Nationas a whole.
Jicarilla Apache Nationhas a strong tradition ofconservative, professionalmanagement of its wildliferesources; incorporatingtightly regulated harvest ofgame species with habitatprotection and improvement,to insure long-term viabilityof species important to theJicarilla Nation. The plan is toextend this level of profes-
JICAILLA APACHE GOLDENEAGLE STUDY
enhanced approximately onemile of habitat with the use of 500(3-4 ft.) boulders and 50 root wads.These materials were strategi-cally placed to develop complexpool habitat throughout theproject reach. Roundtail Chuband other fish species began touse the new habitat within days ofproject completion, strengtheningthe odds for Roundtail Chubsurvival on waters of the JicarillaApache Nation. The fight for theserare native fish is far from over, butthe JGFD and all of its partnersare dedicated to continueproactive management into thefuture.
Thanks and praise goes out toall of our partners in thisendeavor, including the SouthernUte Tribe, USFWS, CDOW, NMDGFand everyone else working toprotect the Roundtail Chub andtheir habitat.
Dale Stahlecker and Mark Blakemoredescending into a Golden Eagle cliff nest.
Mark Blakemore banding GE chicks.Mark and Dale inspecting a chick prior to banding.
Mark Blakemore holds a chick before banding it.
Craig Blakemore entering a nest while DaleStahlecker and Tom Watts observe from above.
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15
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Become a Member of the NAFWS
The 5 R’s concept asdeveloped through thework of the Native Ameri-can Fish & Wildlife Societyis a plan on the concept ofthe traditional 3 R’sassociated with education(Reading, ‘Riting, ‘Rithmatic).This guiding principle is alsobased on the MedicineWheel outline, with theheart of the circle and theconverging point of the fourquadrants being Respect.
From the core ofRespect, for yourself, forothers, for the world aroundyou, come the other fourR’s: Relations, Responsibility,Reciprocity and Reason.The Relationships repre-sent an individual’s relation-
ships with not only thePeople and the naturalworld around them, but theintangible relationships toancestors in the past andfuture generations.
The primary Responsi-bility of an individual is tothose relationships, and torespect not only their ownpersonal relationships butalso the relationships ofthose around them. Whenall relationships in this webof interconnectednesswork well, it is the Reci-procity which allows forcommunity growth andempowerment. When allmembers of a community,no matter how large orhow small, value the
strength of that communityabove all the individualbenefits, then the commu-nity or nation will growstronger.
The Reason element ishow this Reciprocity works.Not only do individualspossess the capacity to“reason” how best to helptheir community and thus,themselves, but also thatthings happen for a reason:that we all have a reasonto exist and do the workthat we do. Some call it“aptitude” but connectingyour capacity with theneeds of your communitycan be a very empoweringway to build leadershippotential and to develop anunderstanding of one’splace within a communityand understanding one’sresponsibility to that
community.
Since Native people arefamily-oriented andcommunity-cultured, theseprincipals reflect thoseintrinsic components ofNative leadership styles.
Kitty Heite, Lenape(2008 SYP Staff)Spring 2009
A PERSPECTIVE OF THE 5 R’S