e-government development trends and challenges of...

ICTs, Science & Technology Division (ISTD), UNECA ww w.uneca.org/istd / www.uneca.org/aisi

Ms. Aida Opoku-MensahDirector

ICT, Science and Technology DivisionUnited Nations Economic Commission for Africa

"E-Government Development Trends and Challenges of Africa Region, and ECA's Policies and Strategies"

1st Global e-Government Forum: “Smart e-Government for a Better Future”18-19 October 2012

Seoul, Republic of Korea

Track 3-1

United Nations Project Office on Governance (UNPOG)Division for Public Administration and Development Management

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Af fairs


ContentsContents

� The context

� e-Government policies and strategies development in Africa

� Capacity building

� Measuring ICT4D – development of e-Government indicat ors

� TIGA - Promoting e-Government in Africa

� National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)

� Conclusions


ContextContext

AISIGuided by the African Information Society Initiativ e launched in 1996, ECA and partners supported countries in Africa with the formulation of national ICT policies, commonly known as, NICIs w hich resulted in over 43 countries adopting their NICIs by end of 201 0 and a further 6

in the process of developing one

AISIAISIGuided by the African Information Society Initiativ e launched in 1996, ECA and partners supported countries in Africa with the formulation of national ICT policies, commonly known as, NICIs w hich resulted in over 43 countries adopting their NICIs by end of 201 0 and a further 6

in the process of developing one

e-Government StrategiesECA provides support to African governments and REC s in the development

of national and regional e-government strategies

> 80% of African countries have e-government strate gies (ECA Survey, 2011)

ee--Government StrategiesGovernment StrategiesECA provides support to African governments and REC s in the development

of national and regional e-government strategies

> 80% of African countries have e-government strate gies (ECA Survey, 2011)

Most countries identified e-Government as one of th eir policy pillarsMost countries identified e-Government as one of th eir policy pillars


ECAECA’’ss activities in the development of activities in the development of ee--Government in AfricaGovernment in Africa

Capacity buildingCapacity building

Promoting and Measuring Impact,Knowledge Sharing and Networking

Promoting and Measuring Impact,Knowledge Sharing and Networking

• Burkina Faso, Botswana, Ghana, Niger, Togo, Swaziland and Zambia

• ECOWAS framework, e-SADC, EAC e-Gov framework, AU Convention oncyber security

• Parliamentary ICT committees• Training of Parliamentarians• ECA’s e-Learning platform

e-Gov policy and strategy formulation and implementation

e-Gov policy and strategy formulation and implementation

• Scan-ICT programme• e-Government indicators

Partnerships & Collaboration: Member States, AUC, RE Cs, Gov. of Finland, others (eg. Int. Partnership for ICT Measur ement)

Partnerships & CollaborationPartnerships & Collaboration: Member States, AUC, RE Cs, Gov. of Finland, others (eg. Int. Partnership for ICT Measur ement)


Skills Development

Cyber-Security

The 5 Clusters of NICI- 2015

ICT policy implementation in action: The case of Rw andaICT policy implementation in action: The case of Rw anda


RwandaRwandaNICINICI--2 Implementation2 Implementation

NICI II Achievement

Implemented

Under Implementation

Not Implemented


Overview of Rwanda NICI success Stories Overview of Rwanda NICI success Stories

National Backbone Network

- Telecenter- ICT Bus- PIKs- Low Cost Mobile phone- E-Soko- OpenMRS, TracNet,

Telemedicine- OLPC, Schoolnet

- Wibro- Data Center- Kalisimbi- KMN

- SmartGov- Online asset declarations- National ID- Teleconferencing/UC- Document tracking & workflow

mgt- RIPPS, Govt Web Presence

- ICT Park- Online Registration (DB top

global reformer)- Online tax declarations- Tax Incentives

Integrated ICT Development Integrated ICT Development

Internet Services

Rural Community

e-Government

Private Sector Devt

GATSIBO

NYAGATARE

KAYONZA

RWAMAGANA

BUGESERA

NGOMA

KIREHE

GICUMBI

KAMONYI

RULINDO

BURERAMUSANZE

GAKENKENYABIHU

GISENYI

RUTSIRO

NGORORERO

KARONGIMUHANGA

RUHANGO

NYANZA

HUYE

GISAGARANYARUGURU

NYAMAGABE

NYAMASHEKE

RUSIZI BORDER

DISTRICT

46Km

44Km81Km

36Km

47Km

16Km

33Km

38Km

79Km

33Km

58Km

70Km

47Km

39Km

21Km

31Km19K

m41Km

74Km

36Km

84Km

36Km

112Km

79Km 27K

m

32Km

46Km

49Km

21Km

36Km

29Km

34Km

16Km

47Km

34Km

13Km

72Core FOC48Core FOC36Core FOC

25Km

25Km

Critical Mass HumanCapacity Development


Rwanda NICI implementation challenges Rwanda NICI implementation challenges

� Acute shortage of Skills Human Capital

� Need to integrate and harmonize ICT4D program at the regional and continent level

� Lack of ownership – need to involve all the stakeholders and educatethem on how ICT can help them improve their life

� Power shortage

� Capacity to Monitor & Evaluate NICI Implementation at the outcome level

� Limited Information Security

� Nascent private sector

� Need to address last mile connectivity


Rwanda NICI Implementation 2000Rwanda NICI Implementation 2000 --2010: e2010: e--Government Government and eand e --GovernanceGovernance

• Support and empower the Immigration and Emigration Departments �simplifying entry & exit processes, obtaining trave l docs, and collect migration information

• Development and establishment of community-based ICT initiatives �Telecentres and business development centres; ICT Bu s project; > 53,000 low cost family phones; 400,000 rural farmers and students o btained ICT skills training; telecom sector liberalized, cost of voice calls lowering; f iber optic cable internet being deployedinto the countryside; radio, TV and telecom coverag e increasing significantly

Emphasis on:

• Improving the efficiency of civil and public sector to deliver services andinformation through the use of ICTs for e-government

• Widening public–private partnerships (PPPs)

• Improving accountability and transparency and citiz en participation ingovernance issues

Projects:


ESCWA

Members of the Task Group on Members of the Task Group on ee--Government (TGEG) Indicators Government (TGEG) Indicators


11

No Name of Indicator

EG1 Proportion of persons employed in central government organizations

routinely using computers

EG2 Proportion of persons employed in central government organizations

routinely using the Internet

EG3 Proportion of central government organizations with a Local Area

Network (LAN)

EG4 Proportion of central government organizations with an intranet

EG5 Proportion of central government organizations with Internet access,

by type of access

EG6 Proportion of central government organizations with a web presence

EG7 Selected Internet-based services available to citizens, by level of

sophistication of service

7 Core e-Government indicators adopted by the UNSC in Feb 20127 Core e-Government indicators adopted by the UNSC in Feb 2012


12

� Training manual on e-Gov indicators under development

� Capacity building training for NSOs planned for December 2012

� Training manual on e-Gov indicators under development

� Capacity building training for NSOs planned for December 2012


EE--government core indicators in selected countries ba sed on government core indicators in selected countries ba sed on ECAECA’’ss 2011 WSIS survey2011 WSIS survey

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

% of personsemployed in

central govt instroutinely using

computers

% of personsemployed in

central govt instroutinely using

Internet

% of central govtinst with a LANconnecting at

least twocomputers

% of central govtinst with an

Intranet

% of central govtinst with Internetaccess by type

of access(narrowband,broadband)

% of central govtinst with a web

presence

% of central govtinst offering dataservices targetedto mobile phone

users

% of central govtinst offering

online servicesby level of

sophistication ofservice (i.e.interactive,

transactional,connected)

Burundi

Congo

Gambia

Guinea

Mali

Mauritius

Sudan

Among the 29 countries surveyed during 2009 and 201 1 ECA WSIS survey, 80% of them confirmed having e-government strategy in place


EE--Government : SeychellesGovernment : Seychelles� e-government development index value = 0.5192

(ranked 84th in the world and 1st in Africa )

Followed by:

Mauritius (0.5066)South Africa (0.4869)Tunisia, Egypt, Cape Verde, Kenya, Morocco, Botswana & Namibia

Source: United Nations E-Government Survey 2012, (www.unpan.org/e-government)


Trends in Trends in ee--govgov development in Africa and comparisons at the global leveldevelopment in Africa and comparisons at the global level

Regional averages in e-gov dev’t

Top ranked countries in AfricaTrends in e-gov development in Africa 2008 - 2012

Challenge remains infrastructure and functional literacy despite recent expansion in in mobile telephony

Southern Africa (0.3934) consistently outpaces all other regions..


Technology in Government in Africa (TIGA) Technology in Government in Africa (TIGA) AwardsAwards

TIGA aims:

� To promote access to e-services

� To encourage the use of ICTs by African governments in fulfilling their public service delivery obligations

� To recognize outstanding work in developing ICT applications for service delivery by African governments as well as other stakeholders

� To advance spatial enablement of e-government services in mainstreaming geospatial information technologies in government day-to-day business processes and service delivery


5 Categories:5 Categories:

Public service delivery to citizens/communities – Pu blic service Delivery to citizens/ communities (G2C)

Public service delivery to citizens/communities – Pu blic service Delivery to citizens/ communities (G2C)

Improved health services through the use of ICTsImproved health services through the use of ICTs

Improved educational services through the use of ICTs

Improved educational services through the use of ICTs

Public Private Partnership (PPP)Public Private Partnership (PPP)

GIS in Government (from 2013)GIS in Government (from 2013)


Participation in TIGA has been on the increase Participation in TIGA has been on the increase since first launched in 2007since first launched in 2007

� During the next 2013 TIGA, new category: G-Government category or Geospatial Government � encompasses the use of the Internet and GIS in making the delivery of services more effective b y governments

� Exploring with UNDESA to create synergies between T IGA and the United Nations Public Service Awards to recognize excellence in public service in Africa

TIGA entries in the last three years

0102030405060708090

100

2007 2009 2011

Entries

Countries


CATEGORY 1: Public service DeliveryCATEGORY 1: Public service Delivery

1. eSoko Project, RWANDA (real time agricultural commodity market price information)

2. Government Online Centre for Enhanced Public Service Delivery, MAURITIUS (state-of-the art and best of the breed ICT technologies with an Internet Bandwidth Connectivity of 100 Mbps, operating 24/24, 7/7)

3. Free and Open Access to Public Legal Information in Kenya, KENYA (publishing and free access to laws and court proceedings)


CATEGORY 2:CATEGORY 2: ICTsICTs in in HealthHealth1. Suivi de la Sant é des enfants

basé sur l ’utilisation du téléphone portable: Agence nationale de Telesante, MALI(follow up through SMS of 0-5 years children and freetreatment)

2. mPedigree Kenya National Medicine Quality System, KENYA (reporting counterfeit medicine through same toll-free 4-digit number on all mobile networks)

3. La Telemedecine Pour L’acces Aux Soins De Sante, CAMEROUN (provision of online tele health services to all at affordable cost)


CATEGORY 3:CATEGORY 3: ICTsICTs in Education in Education

1. The Speaking Book, SOUTH AFRICA This project aims to make education about critical issues accessible to all regardless of literacy or education level

2. Dr Math, SOUTH AFRICA - Dr. Math is a mobile tutoring service that provides access to credible, personal, on-demand tutoring in the subject of Mathematics

3. eLimika e-learning programme, KENYA – eLimika, which is a Kiswahili word for “get educated”, is the vehicle through which Kenya Institute of Education (KIE) delivers its courses

4. Plate-forme de formation à distance de l ’Academia Aberta de Angola: Formation partout et à tout moment!, ANGOLA is the training platform of the Open Academy of Angola


CATEGORY 4:CATEGORY 4: PPPPPP

1. eTrade Africa, SENEGAL (platform to facilitate secure tradebetween Africa and European Union countries)

2. Federal Road Safety -Drivers License, NIGERIA (identity management and card production system geared to driving licences and road safety )

3. Online Registration & Placement Software, ETHIOPIA (online registration for exams of 2,000,000, 10th grade and 12th grade students)


CATEGORY 5 (New) :CATEGORY 5 (New) : GIS in GovernmentGIS in Government

1. New Award Category in the TIGA 2013:

Because : We Need Spatially Enabled Societies in Africa

2. G-Government : Take advantage of the Internet and GIS to create more effective government Services:

- G-Government is symptomatic of the ever-widening impact of GIS

3. Three major types of G-Government applications will be considered:

- Government to business- Government to citizens- Government to government . :

Trans-African High-Ways


� Setting up policies at national (NSDI) levels� National governments encouraged to develop policies that provide access to NSDI info

� Assist member States to build consensus among the data providing stakeholders

� Through the NSDI committees, the need for implementation of NSDI policies receiving attention

� Setting up African Spatial Data Infrastructure at Regional Level (ARSDI)� Improve regional scale development decision-making

� Ensure that reliable info is easily available for policy, investment, planning, management, monitoring and evaluation purposes at regional levels

� Develop holistic capacity building and retention of GIS professionals in Africa

� Establish of a continental plan of action towards an active participation of African government officials and other stakeholders in the GGIM initiative

� Developing Spatially-Enabled Government e-Services (SEGS)� Ensure that reliable information is easily available for policy, investment, planning, management,

monitoring and evaluation purposes at the regional and subregional scales

� Setting up Online Metadata Clearinghouse Registry Services :

� Enable member States’ capabilities to perform online delivery of location-based services

ECA Role : Strengthening Enabling Environments for Effective andECA Role : Strengthening Enabling Environments for Effective andPractical SpatiallyPractical Spatially --enabled Policies & Actionsenabled Policies & Actions


ECA Exemplary e-Gov related Activities : Support to NSDI Development and Linkage with NICI Policies

� ECA is providing advisory services and technical assistance to the country to develop a the Plan Géomatique National de la Côte d’Ivoire (PGNCI) as Côte d’Ivoire’s NSDI.

� As part of the Assistance, ECA has developed the Geoinformation Application Inventory Tool (GAIT)• A standard web-based tool for:• Collecting information and

Applications / Services• Inventorying datasets needed for

applications development• Assessing institutions with their

respective mandates• Generating reports on individual

datasets or applications

� Lead to improved assignment of custodians through a consensual process with Government entities


ECA Exemplary e-Gov related Activities : Support to Developing Policy Framework on Addressing Systems� On request, ECA supports member States to

implement their mapping activities� Case Study : The National Addressing

System of Ghana. ECA is providing advisory services to develop the country national addressing systems. The assistance currently includes:• Expedite the acquisition, processing and

analysis of a very high resolution satellite multispectral image covering the Greater Accra; providing a strong base for three-dimensional feature recognition, extraction and exploitation.

• Provision of state-of-art geoinformation tools and equipment for the addressing activities

• Capacity building to develop internal expertise at the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development through handsome training and internship programmes on street addressing and house numbering for selected young professionals.

• Support for the development of a national policy framework on addressing,

Accra


ECA Geospatial Information Technology Key ECA Geospatial Information Technology Key QualitiesQualities� Increase access to and use of spatially based information

resources in decision making processes

� Strengthen the capacity of member States to design institutional arrangements and implement national policies and programmes that reinforce the linkages within the nexus of planning, mobile services, planning

� Champion the use of geospatial technology and information services to drive Africa to become more spatially enabled


African eAfrican e --learning initiative learning initiative ((http://http:// www.uneca.org/elearnafricawww.uneca.org/elearnafrica ))


ConclusionsConclusions

� Partnerships and collaboration crucial for enhancing public service delivery

� Need for connected Government to enhance service delivery

� Need for policy makers to be aware of the evolving technological possibilities to make government/public services accessible to th e citizens

� Need to engage with the citizens particularly the youth who make up 2/3 of African population using new technologies and tools

� The changing needs of economic and social developme nt require a wide range of new skills and competences, known as the 21st century competences � key enablers of responsible citizenship in a knowle dge-based and technology-pervaded economy

� Investing on institutional and leadership capacitie s is key for e-government development in Africa


Thank You !Thank You !

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