e.-a. reinecke , s. kelm, s. struth, ch. granzow, u. schwarz*
DESCRIPTION
E.-A. Reinecke , S. Kelm, S. Struth, Ch. Granzow, U. Schwarz*. Institute for Energy Research - Safety Research and Reactor Technology (IEF-6) *Institute for Reactor Safety and Reactor Technology RWTH Aachen University. Catalytic recombiners Design studies Conclusions. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Forschungszentrum Jülichin der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
E.-A. Reinecke, S. Kelm, S. Struth, Ch. Granzow, U. Schwarz*
• Catalytic recombiners
• Design studies
• Conclusions
Design of catalytic recombiners for safe removal of hydrogenfrom flammable gas mixtures
Institute for Energy Research - Safety Research and Reactor Technology (IEF-6)
*Institute for Reactor Safety and Reactor Technology RWTH Aachen University
2nd International Conference on Hydrogen SafetySan Sebastian, September 11-13, 2007
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Research on hydrogen safety at FZJ
• Focus: H2 removal by means of catalytic recombiners (PAR)
• Hydrogen laboratory with 3 REKO facilities experimental PAR studies
• Service of Dpts. Analytical Chemistry (ZCH) and Technology (ZAT) catalyst development
• Simulation of recombiner behaviour code development
Severe Accident Research NETwork (NoE)
(EURATOM) Safety of Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier (NoE)
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Why recombiners ?
• Device removing hydrogen from oxygencontaining atmosphere (e.g. air) in thepresence of a catalyst (e.g. Pt, Pd) hydrogen sink
• Today application in areas where venting is not sufficient/possible- NPP containment (H2 formation during core melt accident)- BWR cooling circuit (H2 formation in operation)- submarines (H2 released from the propulsion system)- batteries (‚HydroCaps‘)
specific applications
• Future use of hydrogen in ‚any‘ surrounding may lead to anextended area of application for recombiners
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catalystsheets
Siemens design
Catalytic recombiners in NPP
• Severe accident in LWR H2 release
• Formation of flammable H2/air mixture inside containment
• Installation of catalytic recombiners
0
50
100
150
200
0 3 6 9
H2 concentration in vol.%
conversion rate related to theinlet cross-section
source: Siemens PAR information
model:
FR90-1500
FR90-320
model:FR90-320
FR90-960
source:BMC experiments
H2 c
on
ve
rsio
n r
ate
in
n
-m³/
(m²h
)
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PAR principle
inletH2 + air
outletair + H2O
catalystH2 + ½ O2 H2O + heat
inletH2 + air
outletair + H2O
catalystH2 + ½ O2 H2O + heat
chimneybuoyancy effect
natural convection application
forced flow application
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Catalyst temperatures - major drawback
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
inlet hydrogen concentration / vol.%
max
. ca
taly
st
tem
per
atu
re /
°C
conventional ignition temperature
plate-type catalyst
mesh-type catalyst
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Challenge
Passive system temperature control • no direct influence on the process parameters
(flow rate, inlet mixture composition, active temperature control)• no active cooling
Further demands• resistance against catalyst poisoning/deactivation• environmental influences depending strongly on application
self-regulating system
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Design studies
• Catalytic recombiners
• Design studies
• Conclusions
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Self-regulating system
General approach• local limitation of the catalytic reaction
• passive cooling of the catalyst elements
catalyst design, support design
geometrical design, cooling elements
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Self-regulating system
General approach• local limitation of the catalytic reaction
• passive cooling of the catalyst elements
Basic element types (catalyst - support)• high performance catalyst - large surface support• adapted performance catalyst - large surface support• high performance catalyst - passive cooling support
HPC-LS
APC-LS
HPC-PC
catalyst design, support design
geometrical design, cooling elements
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Experimental Facilities
• Experimental studies on the operational behaviour under well defined conditions
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Experimental Facilities
Vorbere itungsraum213f
Rechnerwarte213c
F lur213b
M eßraum 1213e
M eßraum 2213d
RE KO -2
RE KO -1
ELBA
RE KO -3
Operator
REKO-1
JuNet
ISR 073
Eth
erne
t-H
ub
E thernet-Hub
ProPlus
REKO-2
Pro
REKO-3
DeltaVCTRL-2
DeltaVCTRL-1
AS 1.1
AS 2.1
AS 1.2
VS 1 VS 2
JuNet
ISR 011
JuNet
ISR 076
H 21
H 22
1
1
2
2
W erkbank 2
G aslager
We
rkb
ank
1
Ga
süb
erw
.Abzug
Heizofen
Waage
Schrank 4
Schränke 8-11
Schränke 5-7
E-Verte iler 1UV 7
Schrank 3
Schrank 2 Schrank 1
Kran K21000 kg
Kran K4250 kg
Kran K3125 kg
6,30 m
h = 4,50 mA = 38,2 m²V = 172 m³
h = 4,50 mA = 20,6 m²V = 93 m³
h = 4,50 mA = 20,6 m²V = 93 m³
3,70 m
2,60 m
2,30 m
3,90 m6,90 m
4,00 m 4,00 m
4,0
0 m
5,1
5 m
5,1
5 m
2,0
0 m
3,50
m
Anb
au
3,5
x 4,
0 m
²
3,15
m
E 6
E 10 E 9
E 8
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Vorbere itungsraum213f
Rechnerwarte213c
F lur213b
M eßraum 1213e
M eßraum 2213d
RE KO -2
RE KO -1
ELBA
RE KO -3
Operator
REKO-1
JuNet
ISR 073
Eth
erne
t-H
ub
E thernet-Hub
ProPlus
REKO-2
Pro
REKO-3
DeltaVCTRL-2
DeltaVCTRL-1
AS 1.1
AS 2.1
AS 1.2
VS 1 VS 2
JuNet
ISR 011
JuNet
ISR 076
H 21
H 22
1
1
2
2
W erkbank 2
G aslager
We
rkb
ank
1
Ga
süb
erw
.Abzug
Heizofen
Waage
Schrank 4
Schränke 8-11
Schränke 5-7
E-Verte iler 1UV 7
Schrank 3
Schrank 2 Schrank 1
Kran K21000 kg
Kran K4250 kg
Kran K3125 kg
6,30 m
h = 4,50 mA = 38,2 m²V = 172 m³
h = 4,50 mA = 20,6 m²V = 93 m³
h = 4,50 mA = 20,6 m²V = 93 m³
3,70 m
2,60 m
2,30 m
3,90 m6,90 m
4,00 m 4,00 m
4,0
0 m
5,1
5 m
5,1
5 m
2,0
0 m
3,50
m
Anb
au
3,5
x 4,
0 m
²
3,15
m
E 6
E 10 E 9
E 8
Experimental Facilities
REKO-1• Experimental studies
on reaction kinetics in catalyst elements
• Substrates applied- steel meshes- ceramic bodies
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REKO-1 test facility
gas analysis
pyrometer
inlet
catalyst samples
thermocouples
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Realisation of large surface support
Large surface support• high performance catalyst• adapted performance catalyst
Pt - washcoat
Pt - electroplated
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Performance of HPC and APC
H2 concentration / vol.%
cata
lyst
tem
per
atu
re /
°C
1.0 m/s
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 5 10 15 20 25
HPC-LS
APC-LS
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Realisation of APC-LS - new approach
APC-LS• adapted performance catalyst• large surface support
Pt-nano-particles / metal oxide matrix
Ceramic cell support
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Performance of new HPC-LS approach
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 2 4 6 8 10
H2 concentration / vol.%
ca
taly
st
tem
pe
ratu
re /
°C
50
60
70
80
90
100
eff
icie
nc
y /
%
catalyst temperature
efficiency
flow rate: 0.25 m/ssupport: plate-typecatalyst: n-Pt MO
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Realisation of passive cooling
Passive cooling support• approach: passive cooling by
means of heatpipes
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Performance of HPC-PC
diameter 8 mm
0,5 m/s0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
hydrogen concentration / vol.%
ca
taly
st
tem
pe
ratu
re /
°C
HPC-PC
HPC
Passive cooling support• approach: passive cooling by
means of heatpipes
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Basic features of catalyst designs
HPC-LS
APC-LS
HPC-PC
type
high performance
adapted performance
high performance
large surface
large surface
passive cooling
catalyst support
~ 2 vol.%
< 1 vol.%
~ 2 vol.%
start behaviour
~ 70 %
> 90 %
~ 10 %
efficiency/ element
unlimitedheating uplimited to~ 450°C
limited to~ 200°C
thermalbehaviour
Forschungszentrum Jülichin der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
Basic features of catalyst designs
HPC-LS
APC-LS
HPC-PC
type
high performance
adapted performance
high performance
large surface
large surface
passive cooling
catalyst support
~ 2 vol.%
< 1 vol.%
~ 2 vol.%
start behaviour
~ 70 %
> 90 %
~ 10 %
efficiency/ element
unlimitedheating uplimited to~ 450°C
limited to~ 200°C
thermalbehaviour
Modular set-up of different elements - examples• medium H2 amount - high acceptance level for PAR temperature
• medium H2 amount - low acceptance level for PAR temperature
• high H2 amount - low acceptance level for PAR temperature
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5% H2
in air
system temperature
10%
0%
5%
0% H2
in airHPC
T0
Tmax
hydrogen concentration
Medium inlet H2 concentration high outlet temperature
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5% H2
in air
system temperature
10%
0%
5%
0% H2
in airHPC PC
T0
Tmax
hydrogen concentration
Medium inlet H2 inlet concentration low outlet temperature
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10% H2
in air
system temperature
10%
0%
5%
0% H2
in airAPC HPC PC
T0
Tmax
hydrogen concentration
High inlet H2 concentration low outlet temperature
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Conclusions
• Catalytic recombiners
• Design Studies
• Conclusions
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Conclusions
• PAR can reduce the explosion risk in future hydrogen applications
• Challenge: high efficiency at system temperatures below the ignition limit
• Approach:- adaptation of the catalyst activity- passive cooling elements
• Different types of catalyst elements have been identified and investigated
• Modular set-up in order to adapt the PAR operation behaviour to the boundary conditions of the application
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The end
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