drugs and consciousness psychoactive drug a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood ...
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Drugs and Drugs and ConsciousnessConsciousness
Psychoactive DrugPsychoactive Drug a chemical substance that alters a chemical substance that alters
perceptions and moodperceptions and mood Physical DependencePhysical Dependence
physiological need for a drugphysiological need for a drug marked by unpleasant withdrawal marked by unpleasant withdrawal
symptomssymptoms Psychological DependencePsychological Dependence
a psychological need to use a druga psychological need to use a drug for example, to relieve negative emotionsfor example, to relieve negative emotions
Dependence and Dependence and AddictionAddiction
ToleranceTolerance diminishing effect diminishing effect
with regular usewith regular use WithdrawalWithdrawal
discomfort and discomfort and distress that distress that follow follow discontinued usediscontinued use
Small Large
Drug dose
Littleeffect
Bigeffect
Drugeffect
Response tofirst exposure
After repeatedexposure, moredrug is neededto produce same effect
Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs
Depressants – “downers”Depressants – “downers” drugs that reduce neural drugs that reduce neural
activityactivity alcohol, barbiturates, opiatesalcohol, barbiturates, opiates
slow body functionsslow body functions - - sympathetic NSsympathetic NS
Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs
AlcoholAlcohol affects motor skills, judgment, affects motor skills, judgment,
and memory and memory reduces self awarenessreduces self awareness Disrupts processing of recent Disrupts processing of recent
events into long-term memoriesevents into long-term memories large amts – depressant, large amts – depressant,
small amts - stimulantsmall amts - stimulant
Animation - AlcoholAnimation - Alcohol
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Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs
BarbituratesBarbiturates tranquilizers, mimic effects of tranquilizers, mimic effects of
alcoholalcohol drugs that depress the activity drugs that depress the activity
of the central nervous system, of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgmentmemory and judgment
Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs
OpiatesOpiates opium and its derivatives opium and its derivatives
(morphine and heroin)(morphine and heroin) opiates depress neural opiates depress neural
activity, temporarily activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxietylessening pain and anxiety
highly addictivehighly addictive
Animation - HeroinAnimation - Heroin
http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animatihttp://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/synapse.swfons/synapse.swf
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/drugs/content/addiction/drugs/mouse.htmlmouse.html
Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs
Stimulants – “uppers”Stimulants – “uppers” drugs that excite neural drugs that excite neural
activity activity caffeine, nicotine, caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaineamphetamines, cocaine
speed up body functions – speed up body functions – nicknamed “speed”nicknamed “speed”
AnimationAnimation
Caffeine, Nicotine, CocaineCaffeine, Nicotine, Cocaine
http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/anhttp://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/synapse.swfimations/synapse.swf
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Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs
AmphetaminesAmphetamines drugs that stimulate drugs that stimulate
neural activity, causing neural activity, causing speed-up in body functions speed-up in body functions and associated energy and and associated energy and mood changesmood changes
more powerful than more powerful than cocainecocaine
Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs
CocaineCocaine effects depend on dosage, effects depend on dosage,
form, expectations, form, expectations, personality and situationpersonality and situation
(coca leaves, powder, crack )(coca leaves, powder, crack ) Blocks dopamine, Blocks dopamine,
serotonin, norepinephrine – serotonin, norepinephrine – depression, irritabilitydepression, irritability
Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs
EcstasyEcstasy MDMA MDMA
(methylenedioxymethampheta(methylenedioxymethamphetamine)mine)
stimulant and mild stimulant and mild hallucinogenhallucinogen
dangerous short and long term dangerous short and long term effectseffects
Blocks the reabsorbtion of Blocks the reabsorbtion of serotonin, releases dopamineserotonin, releases dopamine
Animation - EcstasyAnimation - Ecstasy
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Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs
HallucinogensHallucinogens psychedelic (mind-psychedelic (mind-
manifesting) drugs that manifesting) drugs that distort perceptions and distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory the absence of sensory inputinput LSDLSD MDMA (Ecstasy)MDMA (Ecstasy)
Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs
LSDLSD lysergic acid diethylamide, also as acidlysergic acid diethylamide, also as acid a powerful hallucinogenic druga powerful hallucinogenic drug chemically similar to serotonin and chemically similar to serotonin and
block itblock it THCTHC
the major active ingredient in marijuanathe major active ingredient in marijuana triggers a variety of effects, including triggers a variety of effects, including
mild hallucinationsmild hallucinations cognitive effects out last the use of the cognitive effects out last the use of the
drugdrug
Animation - LSDAnimation - LSD
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Near-Death Near-Death ExperiencesExperiences
Near-Death Near-Death ExperienceExperience an altered state of an altered state of
consciousness consciousness reported after a reported after a close brush with close brush with deathdeath
often similar to often similar to drug-induced drug-induced hallucinationshallucinations
Near-Death Near-Death ExperiencesExperiences
DualismDualism the presumption that mind and the presumption that mind and
body are two distinct entities body are two distinct entities that interactthat interact
MonismMonism the presumption that mind and the presumption that mind and
body are different aspects of body are different aspects of the same thingthe same thing
LinksLinks
Meth Ingredients – Meth Ingredients – http://www.kci.org/meth_info/sites/Riverside_County.htmhttp://www.kci.org/meth_info/sites/Riverside_County.htm
Meth Epidemic – PBS Frontline Meth Epidemic – PBS Frontline SeriesSeries
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/meth/body/#2http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/meth/body/#2