drift and adaptation in white proteas
DESCRIPTION
These are the slides from my presentation at the Fynbos Forum, held in Cape St. Francis, Eastern Cape, South Africa from 17-20 July 2012. My presentation was part of a workshop on Proteaceae sponsored by the German South African Year of Science. My participation was possible because I was already in South Africa for fieldwork as part of our Dimensions of Biodiversity project (sponsored by NSF).TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
But was it adaptive?Drift and adaptation in the radiation of the white proteas
![Page 2: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Adaptive radiations• “the most common
syndrome in the origin of taxa” (Schluter 2000, p. 1)
![Page 3: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Adaptive radiations• Adaptive (Schluter 2000; Gavrilets & Losos
2009)
• Divergent selection – among species
• Stabilizing selection – within species
![Page 4: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Adaptive radiations• Adaptive (Schluter 2000; Gavrilets & Losos
2009)
• Divergent selection – among species
• Stabilizing selection – within species
• Explosive (Gavrilets & Vose 2005; Puebla et al. 2008)
![Page 5: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Protea
Valente et al. (2009)
5 – 18 mya
![Page 6: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Protea
Valente et al. (2009)
White protea0.34 – 1.2 mya
![Page 7: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
White protea
![Page 8: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
White proteaWinter rainfall Summer rainfall
![Page 9: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
White protea
![Page 10: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Was it adaptive?
![Page 12: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Was it adaptive?• Is variation correlated
with environment?
![Page 13: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Sampling•35 populations•11-40 adults per population
![Page 14: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Was it adaptive?• Is variation correlated
with environment? YES!•Is it genetic?
![Page 16: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Sampling•35 populations•11-40 adults per population• 8 maternal lines per
population• Up to 15 seeds per
maternal line
![Page 17: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Was it adaptive?• Is variation correlated
with environment? YES!•Is it genetic? YES!
![Page 21: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Was it adaptive?• Is variation correlated
with environment? YES!•Is it genetic? YES!•Is it related to performance?
![Page 23: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Logistic regression• “Selection” gradients
on garden survivorship• Convert logistic
regression coefficients to selection gradients
![Page 24: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Kirstenbosch
Jonaskop
SLA -0.024 -0.017LWR -0.058 0.024Leaf area 0.389 -0.007Stomatal density
-0.061 -0.006
Growth rate 0.097 0.180
“Selection” gradients
![Page 26: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Kirstenbosch
Jonaskop
SLA -0.024 -0.017LWR -0.058 0.024Leaf area 0.389 -0.007Stomatal density
-0.061 -0.006
Growth rate 0.097 0.180
“Selection” gradients
Large leaves favored in warm, moist garden
![Page 27: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Kirstenbosch
Jonaskop
SLA -0.024 -0.017LWR -0.058 0.024Leaf area 0.389 -0.007Stomatal density
-0.061 -0.006
Growth rate 0.097 0.180
“Selection” gradients
Thick leaves favored in cold, dry garden
![Page 28: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Was it adaptive?•Yes
![Page 29: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Was it adaptive?•YesWas it explosive?
![Page 30: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Microsatellites•36 populations•20 individuals per population•10 loci
![Page 31: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
FSC = among pops within speciesFCT = among species
FS
C
FCT
![Page 32: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
FSC = among pops within speciesFCT = among species
FS
C
FCT~50% of history associated with species divergence
![Page 33: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Was it adaptive?•YesWas it explosive?•No
![Page 34: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Structural equation model•Integrated response
![Page 37: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Trait-environment associations•Among populations•Among species
![Page 38: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Trait-environment associations•Among populations•Among speciesDo populations and species differ in the same ways?
![Page 39: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Association differs among species•56 of 60 signs differ (P < 0.001)
![Page 40: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Association differs among species•56 of 60 signs differ (P < 0.001)
![Page 41: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Association differs among species•56 of 60 signs differ (P < 0.001)
![Page 42: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Population divergence – adaptive
![Page 43: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Population divergence – adaptiveSpeciation – non-adaptive?
![Page 44: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Adaptive radiations• Not uniform• Adaptation and drift
![Page 46: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Acknowledgments
Collaborators• John Silander• Guy Midgley
(SANBI)• Tony Rebelo
(SANBI)Post-doc• Jane CarlsonGraduate student• Rachel PrunierField assistants• Christopher Adams• Ann Marie Gawel
Undergraduates• Charles Berdan• David Fryxell• Sirenga Iyer• Susan Kim• Bronwen TombFacilities• Kirstenbosch National
Botanic GardenFunding• NSF
![Page 47: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Acknowledgments
Collaborators• John Silander• Guy Midgley
(SANBI)• Tony Rebelo
(SANBI)Post-doc• Jane CarlsonGraduate student• Rachel PrunierField assistants• Christopher Adams• Ann Marie Gawel
Undergraduates• Charles Berdan• David Fryxell• Sirenga Iyer• Susan Kim• Bronwen TombFacilities• Kirstenbosch National
Botanic GardenFunding• NSF
![Page 48: Drift and adaptation in white proteas](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060117/55851fa6d8b42ae4748b4ac3/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Thank you!