dr.basavaraj hiremath 2 hiremath 2.pdf · 1dr. basavaraj hiremath 2dr. vidyavati hiremath 3dr. arun...

ISSN-2456-4354

ISSN-2456-4354

Standardisation of Talisadi Taila- A Noble medicine having wound healing property

PIJAR/VOLUME-I/ISSUE –II/OCTOBER-NOVEMBER-2016 105

“Standardisation of Talisadi Taila- A Noble medicine having

wound healing property” 1Dr. Basavaraj Hiremath 2Dr. Vidyavati Hiremath 3Dr. Arun Kumar Das.

1 Dr. Basavaraj Hiremath. Ph.D (Scholar) G A M Puri.2Dr. Vidyavati Hiremath Ph.D (Scholar)

G A M Puri3Dr. Arun Kumar Das. MD(Ayu) Jamnagar, Ph.D (Utkal), Professor & Head, P.G Dept. of Rasasashtra & Bhaisajya Kalpana G.A.M.Puri (Odisha) .

Introduction: Sneha Kalpana (Medicated oil

preparations), one of the important

secondary dosage form in Ayurvedic

pharmaceutics have a broad spectrum use

in different medical conditions. Various

crude oils are mostly associated with

rancidity factors(amadosha), those are

effectively removed and simultaneously

therapeutic quality is enhanced by the

ancient ayurvedic pharmaceutical

techniques called taila Taila Murchhana.

Such murchhita tila taila was used for the

preparation of Talisadi Taila. Talisadi

Taila which is mentioned in Ashtanga

Hridaya for its best Vrana-ropaka

(Wound Healing effect). Such

marvelous preparation remained un-

touch or limited use or not introduced

into the Vaidya community till date.

The ingredients which are used in the

preparation of Talisadi taila possess

therapeutically proven wound healing

Abstract

Taila Kalpanas (Medicated Oils) are the integral part of the Ayurvedic

treatment. Tailas are used in the treatment of diseases explained in Astangas of

Ayurveda for both bahya and abhyantara chikitsa (Paana, Nasya, Basti,

Abhyanga). Talisadi Taila which is mentioned in Ashtanga Hridaya for its best

Vrana-ropaka (Wound Healing effect). Such marvelous preparations remained un-

touch or not introduced into the Vaidya community till date. Talisadi taila has

been prepared as per the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) which have been

mentioned in Sharangadhara Samhita for the preparation of aushadhisiddha

tailas,. The studies on the identity, purity and quality of guanine taila will

enhance information in checking the adultration.. Efforts have been made to un-

mask such safe potent medicated oil for its wound healing and establishing the

standard parameters for its identity, purity is concerned.

Key Words: Talisadi Taila, Wound, Adultration, SOP, Abhyanga.

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properties like, Agaru, Chandana,

Madhuka, Haridra, Daruharidra,

Padmabeeja etc.

Aims and objectives:

1) To prepare Talisadi Taila as

per SOPs laid down in the classics.

2) To conduct Physico-chemical

analysis of Talisadi Taila.

3) To establish standard

parameters for Talisadi Taila.

Materials and Methods:

Murchita Tila Taila & ingredients

of Talisadi taila were used for the

preparation of Talisadi taila. And the

sample was subjected for physico-

chemical analysis like refractive index,

specific gravity, Saponification value,

acid value and Iodine value etc.

Materials:

The following materials

were used for the preparation of

Talisadi Taila.

METHOD OF PREPARATION OF

TALISADI TAILA –

Apparatus Required :

Weighing machine, wide mouthed

vessel, Khalwayantra, Darvi, clean

cloth, Chullika, Kalkanishpeedana

yantra

Ingredients & their

Quantities:

S.

NO. INGREDIENTS QUANTITY

01. Talisa Patra 180 gm.

02. Padmaka 180 gm.

03. Jatamansi 180 gm.

04. Harenuka 180 gm.

05. Aguru 180 gm.

06. Chandana 180 gm.

07. Haridra 180 gm.

08. Daruharidra 180 gm.

09. Kamalabeej 180 gm.

10. Ushira 180 gm.

11. Yashtimadhu 180 gm.

12. Murchita Tila

Taila 1.8 liters

13. Jala 7.2 liters

Method of preparation:

Oil was taken in a wide mouth

iron vessel and kept on mandagni till

getting nisphena then it was removed

from agni and allowed to cool.

Mentioned proportion of ingredients

was added and water was also added

to it. The whole mixture was subjected

to mandagni till taila siddhi lakshanas

were appeared. After observing the

taila siddhi lakshanas, removed it from

agni, allowed to cool, filtered, and

collected in a clear container.

Varna -Yellowish Brown Quantity of

taila taken – 1.8 liters

Gandha-Pleasant Quantity of

preparation – 1.6 liters

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Precautions Taken:

• Mandagni was maintained throughout

the procedure.

• Kalka was added only after heating the

oil, and it was added little by little to

avoid the spillage of the oil.

• The chronology of addition of Kalka

Dravyas was maintained as mentioned

in the procedure.

• Continuous stirring was carried to

avoid sticking of Kalka to bottom of

pan and carbonization.

• Sneha Siddhi Lakshanas were

observed repeatedly and it was

confirmed by testing the varti made

out of Kalka.

• Care was taken to filter the kalka in

warm state itself in order to reduce the

loss.

Observations:

• Colour of Taila was changed into

Yellowish brown.

The following materials are taken

for the analytical study.

1. Talisadi taila was prepared with

Murchita Tila Taila.

2. Electric hot plate with magnetic stirrer.

3. Heating Mantle.

4. Abbe’s Refractometer

5. Dropper

6. Specific Gravity(Pycnometer, 25ml

capacity)

7. Weighing balance

8. 0.5N Alcoholic KOH solution and 0.5N

HCL solution

9. Reflux condenser

10. Water Bath

11. Titration indicator (phenolphthalein)

12. 0.1N NaOH solution

13. Solvent Ether.

14. Sodium Hydroxide

15. Measuring cylinders

16. Pippete

17. Burrate

18. Beaker

19. Round bottom flask

20. Funnel

Methods:

Determination of Refractive

Index:

The refractive index of a

substance is the ratio of the velocity of

light in vacuum to the velocity of light

in vacuum to the velocity of light in the

substance.

1. At first the mirror of the Abbe’s

Refractometer was adjusted to 45 c.

Then while sample was inserted in the

prism box by using a thin dropper.

2. Various color bands were observed in

the right eye piece. Color bands were

removed with the help of compensator

knob in such a way that only the black

and white portion should be seen in

the black and white portion should be

seen in the right eye piece.

3. The black and white portion are

adjusted to the cross wire with the

help of lever. Finally the reading was

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noted on the scale through left eye

piece.

Determination of Specific Gravity:

Specific gravity of a

substance is the weight of the

substance in grams at a specific

temperature compared with the weight

of the same volume of water in grams

at a same temperature.

1. A clean and dried 25ml capacity of

specific gravity bottle ( picnometer )

was weighed empty. Then it was filled

with water and weighed at room

temperature.

2. Again the bottle was cleaned and dried

then filled the oil sample up to the

mark and weighed at the same

temperature.

3. The specific gravity was determined by

dividing the weight of the sample in

grams by the weight of the water in

grams.

Specific gravity of the sample =

Weight of (Oil) sample in grams/

weight of same volume of water at

same temperature in grams.

Determination of Saponification

Value:

Saponification value of an oil or

fat is defined as the number of

milligrams of KOH required to

neutralize the fatty acids resulting

from the complete hydrolysis of 1

gram of sample.

1. At first 250 ml capacity of

round bottom flask is filled with a

reflux condenser. then 2 gram of oil

sample with 25 ml of 0.5N KOH

solution was taken into the round

bottom flask.

2. Then 2-3 pieces of pumice

stones were put in to the same

flaskand the mixute was boiled on

water bath at 400c for 30 min.

3. Afterword it was taken out

from water bath and 1 ml of

phenolphthalein indicator was added

to it. Titration was done immediately

with 0.5N HCl.

4. The burrate reading was

noted (a).

5. The same procedure was

carried out without taking the oil

sample, i.e. a blank test under same

conditions and burrate reading was

noted (b).

Saponification value was

determined as per following formula.

Saponification value = { (b-a) x

28.05}/W

Determination of Iodine Value:

The Iodine value of oil is the

weight of iodine absorbed by 100 parts

by weight of the same, when

determined by one of the following

methods.

Method-I (Iodine Monochloride

method) (Wij’s method)

Place the sample, accurately

weighted, in a dry iodine flask of 250

ml capacity, add 10 ml of carbon

tetrachloride, and dissolve. (The

approximate weight in gms. of the

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sample to be taken may be calculated

by dividing 20 by the highest expected

iodine value). Add 10 ml of chloroform

and 20 ml. of Iodine monochloride

solution insert the stopper, previously

moistened with potassium iodine

solution and allow to stand in a dark

place at a temperature of about 17oC

for thirty minutes. Add 15 ml of

potassium iodine solution and titrate

with N/10 sodium thiosulphate using

starch mucilage as indicator. Note the

number of ml required (a). At the

same time carry out the operation in

exactly the same manner, but without

the sample being tested and note the

number of ml N/10 sodium

thiosulphate required (b). Calculate

the iodine value from the formula.

If (b-a) is greater than b/2, the

test must be repeated using a smaller

quantity of the samples.

Method-II Iodine Monobromide

Method - Hanus Method.

Iodo bromide solutions –

Dissolve 13.2 grams of iodine in 1000

ml. of glacial acetic acid with the aid of

gentle heat, if necessary cool the

solution to 75o and determine the

iodine content in 20 ml by titration

with N/10 sodium thiosulphate. Add to

the remainder of the solution a

quantity of bromine equivalent to that

of the iodine present. Store in glass

containers, protected from light.

Place the sample, accurately

weighed in a 250 ml. iodine flask, add

10 ml of chloroform and dissolve (the

approximate weight in gms of the

sample to be taken may be calculated

by dividing 20 by the highest expected

iodine number) add 25 ml of

Iodobromide solution, stopper the

flask, and allow it to stand for 30

minutes, protected from light. Then

add in the order named 1330 ml of

potassium iodine solution, (16.5

percent w/v) and 100 ml of water, and

titrate the liberated iodine with N/10

sodium thiosulphate using starch

mucilage as indicator. Note the

number of ml required (a). At the

same time, carry out the operation in

exactly the same manner, but without

the sample being tested and note the

No. of ml of N/10 sodium thiosulphate

required (b).

Calculate the iodine value from the

formula.

1. Acid Value:

The determination of Acid value is

carried out on the oil extracted from

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the sample by continuous extraction

with Ether.

The Acid value of oil is defined

as the number of milligrams of

Potassium Hydroxide required to

neutralize the free acid in 1 gram of

sample.

Method:

Mix 25ml ether with 25ml

Alcohol (95%) and 1ml. of 1%

phenolphthalein solution and

neutralize with N/10 alkali (few drops).

Dissolve about 5gm. of the oil,

accurately weighed in the mixed

neutral solvent, and titrate with N/10

potassium (or sodium) hydroxide,

shaking constantly until a pink colour

which persists for 15 seconds is

obtained.

The titration should preferably

not exceed about 10 ml.

The free fatty acid content is

also expressed as F.F.A. calculated as

oleic acid %(1ml.N/10 alkali=0.028gm.

Oleic acid).

4. Loss on Drying at 110oC:

Loss on drying signifies the amount of

residual water in the finished product.

Ideally, it should be nil in case of

Ghritas and Tailas.

Procedure: About 5 gm. of sneha is

taken in a crucible, heated to liquid

consistency and weighed accurately.

Then it is put in furnace, heated upto

105oC for half an hour. Then it is taken

out and weighed again. The

percentage of difference before and

after subjecting the sample to heat is

considered as loss on drying at that

particular temperature.

5. Ester value:

It is defined as number of milligrams

of Potassium hydroxide required to

combine with fatty acids which are

present in glycerides found in 1gm

sample of oil or fat. Difference

between Saponification value and acid

value is ester value.

Ester value = Saponification value –

Acid value.

7. Chromatographic

Techniques:

Chromatography represents a group of

methods for separating molecular

mixtures that depend on the

differential affinities of the solute

between two immiscible phases.

Thin Layer Chromatography

(TLC)

• Thin layer chromatography is

particularly valuable for the Qualitative

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Determination of small amount of

impurities.

• It is a technique used to detect,

separate and isolate the different

chemical constituents (Active

Principles) present in a sample.

• It has an adsorbent coated on a glass

plate, which is the stationary phase

and the solvent system used in the

mobile phase. Percolation of mobile

phase through the adsorbent develops

the Chromatogram.

Materials: Pre-coated TLC plates

(Silica) of thickness 0.20 mm, 20X20

cm, applicator, glass chamber, oven,

solvents, spray reagents.

Method:

• The TLC chamber is to be perfectly

cleaned and dried before use.

• The solvent is poured into the TLC

chamber and the glass lid is closed,

vacuum grease is smeared on the lid

so that chamber becomes air tight.

• A piece of tissue paper is kept

immersed in the chamber for perfect

saturation of solvent system.

• The chamber was kept undisturbed for

an hour to saturate it.

• Later, the pre-coated TLC plates are

taken and spotted with the help of

applicator, 1 cm away from sides, and

2 cm away from the base. Space of 2

cm is maintained between each spots.

• The spotted plate is then gently

immersed in TLC chamber,

concentrated with the solvent in such

a way that the solvent had uniform

Linear contact with the plate.

•

Observation & Results:

The characteristic Physical constants

like Refractive Index and Specific

Gravity are useful in the determination

of purity of oils.

Saponification value indicates braking

down of oil into glycerol and free fatty

acids by treatment with alkali. The

higher Saponification value indicates

the content of low molecular weight

fatty acids.

Acid value normally reflects the

amount of acidity which is due to free

fatty acids, acid phosphates and amino

acids. This acidity is neutralized by

treating with alkali. Thaprocess what is

known as refining of oils.

I. Organoleptic Characters:

Colour : Reddish-brown

Odour : Characteristic

Appearance : Viscous Oily

Clarity : Clear

II. Physico-chemical Parameters

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Loss on drying at 110°C : Nil Saponification value : 178.66 Iodine value : 87.25 Acid value : 2.538 Peroxide value : 2.63 Ester value : 176.122 Refractive index at 30° C : 1.4619

Specific Gravity : 0.9191

Thin Layer Chromatography

Solvent System : Toluene: Ethyl

Acetate: Acetic acid:: 8: 2: 1

Spraying Agent : Anisaldehyde

Sulphuric Acid

Note: No Spots were seen under

visible light before and after spray

in this sample.

Before Spray After Spray

Rf Values Color Under Long UV Color Under Long UV

0.23-Fluorescent Pale Yellow -

0.55 Fluorescent Pale Blue -

0.63 - Fluorescent Yellow

0.66 Fluorescent Blue Fluorescent Yellow

0.70 - Pale Blue

0.73 Bright Blue -

0.86 Blue -

Discussion:

The past two decades have seen a

worldwide upsurge in the use of

traditional medicine (TM) and

Complementary and Alternative

Medicine(CAM) in both developed and

developing countries. the phyto-medicinal

therapy is easy to procure and administer

in different pharamaceutical dosage forms

like Churna, Vati, Taila, Ghrita etc. The

ingredients of Talisadi Taila has been

proven scientifically for their antimicrobial

and wound healing property. In the

present work an extensive chemical and

chromatographical analysis of Talisadi taila

was undertaken. The main objective of

the study was to establish the standard

parameters for this noble medicine which

remain untouched or undisclosed to

vaidya community till date. The

characteristic physical and chemical

parameters were carried out which

includes Refactive Index, Specific Gravity,

, Iodine Value, Saponification value, Acid

value and chromatographical study. In the

above analytical findings it is observed

that the characteristic Physical

constants like Refractive Index and

Specific Gravity are useful in the

determination of purity of oils. The

higher Saponification value indicates

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the content of low molecular weight

fatty acids. Lower Acid value normally

reflects for its refining of oil.Which

enhances the shelf life of the oil.

References:

1). Carl A Burtis, Edward R

Ashwood : Tietz Text Book of Clinical

Chemistry. Publisher WB Sounder

Company Philadelphia, London, 2nd

Edn; 1994; 8, 206-255.

2). Govinda Das Sen: Bhaishajya

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Ambikadatta Shastri 2nd Edn.

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Sansthan,Varanasi,; 1991; Chapter-5,

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3). ISI Hand Book of Food

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Indian Standard Institution New Delhi,

1st Edn; 1984; 13, 61-101.

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The Controller of Publications, New

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New Delhi, 1st Edn; 1987; 333-540.

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766.

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Vignana. Publisher Choukhamba

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Prakashan Bangalore. 1st Edn; 2000;

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13). Sushruta : Sushruta Samhita,

commentary by: Bhaskar Govind

Ghanekar , 1st Edn Chapter: 44, verse-

256 Publisher Sudarshankumar

Meherchand Lachaman Das, New

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14). Vagbhata : Astanga Hridaya.

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III; Chapter No: 26, verse -55-56 P

No: 255.

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CORRESPONDING AUTHOR

Dr. Basavaraj Hiremath Ph.D. Scholar Gopabandhu Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Puri

Email: [email protected] Source of Support: NIL

Conflict of Interest : None declared

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