dr shwe thway and ma pan hmone

Upload: ye-myint-kyaw

Post on 30-May-2018

219 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    1/169

    vuFm&nfausmf

    a'gufwma&TaoG;

    ESifY

    ryef;rSHK

    BudK;BumawmifyHcwfoH\ [dkbufrSm(trSmpmr[kwf?0wKudkcHpm;Ncif; )

    (1)

    vuFm&nfausmfudk pawGYuwnf;u q&m0ef&kyf&nf&Sdaomq&m0efwpf;OD;[k pdwfxJrSwfvdkufonf/q&m0efu q&m0ef&kyfxGufwm bmqef;ovJar;p&m&Sdygonf/uRefawmfwdkYoli,fcsif;wpfpk rEav;ckwif (300)qHY aq;&HkrSmwm0efxrf;aqmifwkef;utNzpftysufwpfckudk owd&rdonf/aq;ausmif;u oli,fcsif;wpfOD;\om;i,faq;&Hk

    udk taBumif;udpwpfESifYvmwkef;uyg/uRefawmfwdkYESifYqHkawGYNyD; tdrftNyef olYtarudkaNymonfwJY/aq;&HktkyfBuD;BunfY&wmyJyGJpm;BuD;eJYwlvdkufwm/t&dk;txl;ukq&mBuD;uykqdk;cg;yHkpcsxm;awmY ausmif;q&meJYwlw,f/orm;awmfuawmYpma&;q&myHkaygufaew,f}wJY/tJ'Dwkef;u uRefawmfu bmpmrS NzpfNzpfaNrmufaNrmufra&;&ao;csdef/oli,fcsif;wpfOD; EkpOfumv e,frSm aq;cef;pzGifYwkef; BuHK&wmvnf;NyHK;csifp&m/olwdkY

    e,fudk &kyf&Sifvm&dkufwm q&m0efo&kyfaqmifzdkY vlvdkaewmeJY'g&dkufwmu olYudkq&m0eftNzpf ESpfcef;?oHk;cef; o&kyfaqmifay;zdkY urf;vSrf;owJY/olupdwftm;wufBuGpGmeJY o&kyfaqmifay;vdkuf&owJY/wwfonfYynmraeomqdkoudk;/tESD&kyf&Sifum;&HkwifawmY q&mpdefcifarmif&Du ]'gudkzwfNyD;rS

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    2/169

    &kyf&SifBunfYyg cifAsm;}rSm teSDq&m0efvlacsmav;udk odkYuvdk a&a&vnfvnf wG,fygavonf/]q&m0eftNzpfo&kyfaqmifwJYvlu rom;em;vdkufwm/oe&kyfy r&Sdvdkufwm/'Dxufq&m0ef&kyfaygufwJYoludkxnfYoHk;a&maygY}wJY/]r,fvrif; ra&mwJY q&m0eftppfBuD;taNymcHvdkuf&yHk/odkYrdkYaBumifY vuFm&nfausmf q&m0ef&kyfaygufwmudk uRefawmfwckwfw&aNym&wmyJNzpfonf/

    (2)

    BudK;BumawG NrefrmNynftESH toD;oD; tou tou wm0efxrf;zdkY

    ta0;udkysHBuNyD/ta0;[dkbufrSm bm&SdovJ/wcsdKYu wpfcsdefrSmNrdKYNyefcdk/bGJYvGefYwuf/,ck0wK&Snfu NrdKYrSmaqmif;Nyefcdkaom BudK;BumwpfaumiftaBumif;?ol a&;aeustvSork',aeSmifBudK; &pfywfcsnfwkyfcH&olwdkYtaBumif;?tvGrf;zGJY?rsuf&nfzGJY?Bwd*H tcspf?ZmwfaumifawGu pHNyvlom;awG?acsm?awmf?xufNruf?trsm;twGuf b0udkpaw;?pGefYvGwfpGefYpm;?rwpfaxmif wpfaumifzGm;?wnfNidrfvSyaomta&;tzGJYaBumifY Zmwfvrf;u rqef;vSaomfvnf;vufurcsEdkifatmif vSy

    aomfvnf; vufurcsEdkifatmif oifYudk aoG;aqmifvdrfYrnf/Zmwfvdkufua'gufwm,OfaoG;/

    ]olYemrnfu a'gufwm,OfaoG;yg/uav;txl;uk bGJYvGef0ifaNzr,f qdkNyD;uav;aqmifrSmyJ tNrJae?uav;awGudk cifrifae?uav;awGu olYudkcspfBuvGef;vdkY]a'gufwm a&TaoG;}vdkY wpfaq;&HkvHk;u ac:Buwm}

    ]&kyf&nf onfrQoefYNyefYacsmarmNyD; tvGefaEG;axG;aomtNyHK;ydkif&Sif} ]bk&m;a&..tvGefEl;nHYodrfarGY[efaygufaeonfY q&m0efonf pnf;urf;ESifYywfoufvmaomtcg onfrQyif Nywfom;EdkifowJYvm;} olYZmwfvdkufu tNypfaNymp&mwpfckyJ&Sdonf/rsufESmrsm;wwfNcif;/vrf;cGJoGm;cJYBuonfY cspfolawGtm;vHk;uvnf; olYudk

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    3/169

    tciftrifrysuf oli,fcsif;vdkyJ qufvufqufqHaeBuonfwJY/

    Zmwfvdkufausmf armif,OfaoG;wpfa,mufbGJYvGefoifwef;wufpOfBuHk&wJYa0'emawG tawGYtBuHKapYpHkawGuvnf; pdwf0if;pm;p&m/uRefawmfyifvQifbGJYvGefoifwef;om; b0(1983-85 )udk NyefvnfatmufarYowd&rd/vlemeSifYq&m0efqufqHa&;?vlemESifY vlem&Sif qufqHa&;tzktxpfrsm;?q&m0eftcsif;csif;qufqHa&;BudK;xHk;rsm;?q&m0efESifY tkyfcsKyfa&;u@wdk;wdkufrSKrsm;?wpfzufu bGJYvGefwuf&if; wpfzufuaq;ukwJYtvkyf rvpf[if;&atmif *&k"rNyK&/oifBum;a&;Xmeu q&mawG rtm;vyf&if

    udk,fyGm;]tvkyfoifq&m}0ifvkyfay;&/aq;ausmif;om;/olawGudk pmuloifay;&/rdrdtxl;NyKavYvmaeaom uav;usef;rma&;Nyemudk usrf;BuD;wifzdkYvHk;yef;&/awGY&wJYa&m*g awGupHkrSpHk/tm[m&csdKYwJYrSK?b,f&Db,f&Da&m*g/ausmufuyfa&m*g/aoG;wdk;/ESvHk;taNrS;a&mifNynfwnfa&m*g/tpmtqdyfoifY/wpfcgwpf&H"mwfNydKifuGJcsifp&m/rEdkif0efxrf;&Ncif;/vkyfazmfudkifzufq&mausmfuawmY cyfat;at;yJ/]igYpdwf"mwfuvnf;

    usudkruswwfwmuG}vdkY aNymEdkifao;owJY/'DBum;xJ a'gufwma&TaoG;ueSri,fESifY BunfYvdkufEdkifao;onf/odkYaomfvnf; EkpOfuvdk awGYorQacsmacsmvSvSrdef;rysdKawGudk ]igYOpm} ]igYOpm}vdkYratmfawmYbJ pmtkyfyHkxJ pdwfudkESpfzdkY BudK;pm;ae&owJY/

    ryef;rSHkav;u pmvnf;awmf?xufNruf?vSyodrfYarGY/rdom;pkuvnf;NynfYpHkuHkvHk/a'gufwm,OfaoG;udk pawGYuwnf;u cspfBuifemvdkol/oli,fcsif;awG

    wm;wJYqD;wJYBum;uq&m,OfaoG;udk pGefYpGefYpm;pm; cspfr,fYol/wpf&ufrSmq&m,OfaoG; olYudk pGefYypfoGm;onfYwdkif q&meJY cspfcJYzl;wmudk*kPf,l0ifYBuGm;r,fYol/q&m,OfaoG;uvnf; ryef;rSHKudk ol &ifckefrdowJY/odkYaywJY ]'D&ifu i,fi,fuwnf;ucPcPckefwwfawmY udk,fY

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    4/169

    &ifckefoHvnf; udk,fr,HkawmYbl;/olrsm;om;orD;tnGefwvlvleJYOpmudk 'kuay;rdovdkrsdK;vnf; tNzpfrcHawmYbl;vdkY qHk;Nzwfcsufcsxm;NyD;om;yg}vdkYcH,lrdygowJY/ol pOf;pm;wHkYqdkif;ae&wJYtaBumif;u ryef;rSHk tpfudk?tpfrawGu ,laurSmtaNcusaeNyD/oluav;u ausmif;NyD;&if [dkudkvdkufoGm;rSm/oluawmY trdaNrrSmyJwpfoufwmaernfYol/a&Bunf&m NrufEkpdrf;&mrSm taNcrcsbJ rdcif&ifaiGYrSmxif;yHkacgif;csaernfYol/olYaBumifY ol NrwfEdk;vSwJY rdef;uav;&JY b0vrf;aBumif; aNymif;oGm;rSm?apmif;oGm;rSm rvkdvm;wJYol/

    uav;aq;ynmr[modyHbGJY&/uav;txl;ukq&m0ef

    NzpfvmNyD/odkYaywJY yGJu rNyD;ao;/awmf0iform;awmfbGJYtwGuf aeYrD;nrD;ESifYpmusuf&Nyefonf/cufcJyifyef;vSwJYyGJ/'Dpmar;yGJatmifawmY aemufpmar;yGJwpfckuapmifYvdkYBudK/t*Fvdyfbmompum;uRrf;usifrSKppfaq;wJY pmar;yGJ/pmar;yGJawG vHk;csmywfvnfBum;xJrSmyJ cspfolryef;rSHKu ,lauxGufoGm;/ol wm;qD;zdkY rBudK;pm;cJY/cspfvsufu,feJY rwm;&ufrqD;&ufNyef/t*Fvdyfbmompmar;yGJatmif/oli,fcsif;q&m0efu ]atmifrSmaygY?rif;u tonfESvHk;rS

    r&Sdwm?t*Fvdyfu tonf;ESvHk;r&SdwJYq&m0efawGrS oabmuswmuG}[ktavSmifcH&ao;onf/

    t*Fvefynmawmfoifb0?wpfzufu tvkyfvkyf&if; wpfzufu pmar;yGJaNz&if;,lauusef;rma&;pepfeJY pmar;yGJpepfeJYyGwfwdkufawGYxd&Sem?'Pf&m&/wcsdKYaompepfawG?"avYawGu twk,lcsifp&m/wcsdKYu udk,fYa& udk,fYaNr udk,fYtaNcESifYtHYr0ifvS/vlem-q&m0ef

    qufqHa&;?tom;ta&mif?ta&SYwdkif;om; taemufwdkifom;cGJNcm;qufqHrSK?t*Fvefa&mufNrefrmtrsdK;orD;wcsdKYESifY t*Fvefaygufq&m0efawG&JY,Ofaus;rSKcsif; wdk;wdkufrdNcif;?t*Fvefa&muf ryef;rSHKu &ifYusufwnfBunfrSKxyfaqmif;vmwmawGY&/vSNrJ?olYudkEl;nHYpGmcspfNrJ?NrwfEdk;wdrf;rl;qJ/

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    5/169

    q&m,OfaoG;wpfa,muf cspfoltwGuf cHpm;rSKawGudk&ifxJxdk;odyfaomYcwfzdkY BudK;pm;qJ/awmf0ifaumvdyfpmar;yGJrSm yxrtBudrf us&SHK;/ryef;rSHKu

    wpfBudrfwnf;ESifY atmifoGm;cJY/us&wJYtaBumif;uq&mawGar;wm edp"l0awGYBuHKqHk&wJYuav;usef;rma&;NyemawG/ESdKufESdKuffcRwfcRwf apYapYpyfpyfar;wm/olaNzzdkYNyifqifxm;wmu BuD;BuD;us,fus,f &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg;a&m*gawG/aemufqHk;ay: avYvmawGY&SdcsufawG?ar;cGef;ESifY taNzrwnfYav/olwdkY&JY usef;rma&;pepfESifY pdrf;aewmvnf;ygonf/aemufwpfBudrfaNzawmY a&Sma&Sm&SK&SKatmifonf/awmf0ifuav;orm;awmfbGJY&NyD/ol

    bmqufvkyfrvJ/cspfoleJYvufwGJNyD;tem*wfb0twGuf Nyifqif&rvm;/BudK;Bumwpfaumifvdk aeNrJa'oNyefacgif;vSnfY&awmYrvm;/

    t*FvefrSm cspfolESpfOD; twlwlavQmufvnfywfBu/tdkif,mveftvSuolwdkYudkzrf;pm;/bDvl;urf;aNz/odkYaomfvnf; a'gufwm,OfaoG;u yk*Ht&dyfudkrarYao;/a&Twd*Hkbk&m;udk rSefrSefzl;csifao;/rNynfYpHkwJYtaNctaerSm emrusef;aewJYNrefrmuav;i,fawGudk ukocsifao;/cspfoludkrsuf&nfrSKefrSKefBum;rSm pGefYxm;cJY/BudK;BumeDwpfaumifpdrf;wJYaNrodkY NyefvmNyD/&ifxJaBuuGJqGwfusif/NrefrmNynfNyefa&muf/wm0efus&m&Srf;Nynfe,fwpfae&mqD c&D;quf csDwuf/todynmA[kokwqif;&JwJYwdkif;&if;om;aqGrsdK;awGtv,ftvkyfxJrSm b0udkESpfNrSKyfNyD;tcspfudkarYypfzdkYBudK;pm;/NrefrmNynf acwtvnfNyefwJY cspfolac: oHeJY

    wm0efac: oHBum; vGefqGJ&Nyef/wm0efac: oHudkvTrf;rdk;BuD;pdk;cJY/

    aemufqHk; ryef;rSHK apYpyfawmYrwJY/ryef;rSHKvufxyfawmYrwJY/&ifxJyl/ylw,favq,faeuJ/BudK;BumwpfaumifNzpfayr,fY cspfolqDta&mufrysHoef;Edkif/usifY0wf?wm0ef?

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    6/169

    u&kPBudK;awGu wkyfaESmifvdkYae/ryef;rSHK oli,fcsif;EG,feDua'gufwm,OfaoG;udk pJGcsufawGwifawmY a'gufwm,OfaoG;u odkYuvdkwHkYNyefcJY/

    ][dkrSmu udk,fYvdkvkyfay;EdkifwJYvlawGtrsm;BuD; EG,feD&JY?[dkrSm qHkcJYwJY paumYvlrsdK;q&m0efwpfa,mufu ,l*g'gudkoGm;w,f/q&mvnf; tHYBovdkY?rif;qDrSmrif;'DavmuftqifaNywm bmvdkY 'Davmuf'kuawGBum;xJudkoGm;&wmvJvdkYar;awmY'DrSm igu tm;vHk;xJuwpfa,mufyJwJY/[dkus&if igu odyftoHk;0ifwJYwpfa,muf NzpfrSmwJY?vlrsdK;Ncm;uawmifrwdk;wufwJY a'oawGtay: tJovdkoabmxm;wm q&mwdkYuydkoabmxm;Edkif&rSm

    aygY}ynm&Sifb0eJY touf&Sif&yfwnfaewJYvlawGtwGufqufvufynmqnf;yl;cGifY?&NyD;orQynmudk todtrSwfNyKcH&NyD; tpGrf;ukeftoHk;cscGifY/'gawGaBumifY[dkrSmqufaeBuwmaygYvdkY EG,feDu olYoli,fcsif;bufu avQmufvJawmYa'gufwm,OfaoG;uol&JYb0tbd"rmudk odkYuvdkzGifYonf/

    ]q&mYbufrSmvnf; eSKwfuxkyfraNym?vufucsra&;ayr,fY taoG;xJtom;xJuaevdkufem&r,fY uwdu0wfawG?rcsdK;azmufaumif;wJY,HkBunfrSKawG&Sdw,f EG,feD/NyD;awmYynmqdkwmvnf; Opmav;yg;xJu wpfyg;yg?usefwJYoHk;yg;xJuESpfyg;eJY twlwlyJ?wpfoufvHk; BudK;pm;pkaqmif;NyD; oufwrf;ukefawmYxm;cJY&wmrsdK;yg/udk,f&yfcsifwJYtcsdef&yfvdkY&wmygyJ/q&m0efqdkwmb,fawmYrSynm&Smr&yfbl;qdkayrJY &SmEdkifwJYyrmPudk

    tuefYtowfNzpfvm&ifawmYNzpfvmwJYtuefYtowfudk vufcH&rSmygyJ}

    rdrdudk,fudk qHk;ruGyfnSyfaewJYBum; a'gufwm,OfaoG;crsmolYcspfolryef;rSHK ,laurSm vufxyfawmYr,fYaeY aerxdxdkifrom/'DtcsdefrSm wdkufqdkifvSpGm uav;vlemwpfOD;aygufcsvm/a&m*gu qD;csdKqdyfwufNcif;(DIA-BETICK KETOACIDOSIS)/'grsdK;a&m

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    7/169

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    8/169

    1981 rS 1985 twGif; aq;wuodkvf(1) &efukef eSpfywfvnfr*Zif;rsm;wGif vuFm&nfausmftrnfNzifY 0wK?uAsmrsm; pwifa&;om;NzpfcJYaomfvnf;

    aemufydkif;wGif uav;txl;ukbGJYvGefoifwef;rsm; pOfqufrNywf wufa&mufae&oNzifYtESpfESpfq,fcefY pmaye,fy,fESifYa0;uGmaecJYonf/

    2004 ckESpfwGif vuFm&nfausmftrnfNzifY 0wKwdkrsm;Nyefvnfa&;om;cJYNyD; ,aeYtxdr*Zif;aygif;pHkwGif 0wKwdk 70 ausmfyHkESdyfazmfNycJYNyD;Nzpfonf/2007 ckESpfwGif xkwfa0cJYaomq&m\ yxrOD;qHk; 0wK&Snf?]BudK;BumawmifyHcwfoH}rSmtrsdK;om;pmayqk(vli,fpmay)csD;NrifYcJY&onf/

    q&monf a'gufwm&J(uav;txl;ukq&m0ef) uavmifcGJNzifYvnf; r*Zif;?*sme,frsm;wGif uav;usef;rma&;ESifY vli,fynmay;aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;aeqJNzpfNyD; aqmif;yg;

    aygif;csKyfrsm;vnf; xkwfa0cJYonf/

    ,cktcg q&monf aq;wuodkvf rauG;?uav;usef;rma&;ynmXme\ygarmu/XmerSL;tNzpf wm0efxrf;aqmif&if;u okw?&o pmayrsm; pOfqufrNywfa&;om;vsuf&Sdonf/

    pma&;ol\ trSmpm2007 ckESpfwGif uRefawmf\ yxrOD;qHk;0wK&Snf ]BudK;BumawmifyHcwfoH}udk xkwfa0pOfu,if;0wKonf vli,fq&m0efb0\ ESvHk;om;tNrKaw[k uRefawmfqdkcJYygonf/

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    9/169

    ]BudK;BumawmifyHcwfoH}udk EdkifiHawmfrS ]trsdK;om;pmayqk}csD;NrifYNcif;?pmaycspfy&dwfowfrsm ;rS wpfcJeuf tm;ay;cJYNcif; tp&SdonfY rsuf&nfvnfavmufatmifBunfEl;yDwdNzpfzG,f&mrsm;udk rBuHKawGY&ao;cif wu,fawmYarQmfyifarQmfvifYrxm;rdciftcsdefwGif onf]a'gufwma&TaoG;eSifY ryef;rSHK}udk uRefawmfa&;NyD; Family r*Zif;wGiftcef;qufazmfNycJYygonf/FFamily uvnf;yxr pmtkyf\ atmifNrifrSKrsm;rwdkifcifuwnf;uonfpmtkyfusvQifolwdkY xkwfa0csifygonf[k urf;vSrf;xm;cJYygonf/

    ]a'gufwma&TaoG;ESifY ryef;rSHK}u uRefawmf NynfwGif;NynfybGJYvGef oifwef;rsm; r&yfrem;

    wufa&mufae& pmayavmuESifYa0;uGmaecJY&onfYtESpfESpfq,fBumtcsdeftwGif;ucHpm;rSKawGtaBumif; NyefpOf;pm;a&;zGJYcJYwmygyJ/

    ]BudK;BumawmifyHcwfoH}onf vli,fq&m0efb0\ESvHk;om;tNrKawqdkvQif ]a'gufwma&TaoG;ESifY ryef;rSHk}onf NynfwGif;Nynfy bGJYvGefoifwef;rsm;rSynm&Sm vlvwfydkif;q&m0efrsm;\ ESvHk;om;tNrKaw[k qdkyg&ap/

    qErGefNzifY...vuFm&nfausmf

    a'gufwma&TaoG;ESifY

    ryef;rSHK

    uefa&Nyifvdkrsuf0ef;

    1/uefa&Nyifvdkrsuf0ef;

    (1 )

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    10/169

    aoG;awG? aoG;awG/

    bk&m;?bk&m;?aoG;awG renf;ygvm;/aemufqHk;ESpf tydkif;(u)ausmif;olNzpfygvsuf udk,fYtbGm;t&if;\acgif;rS aoG;rsm;udkNrifawmY ]yef;rSHK}wpfa,mufxdwfvefYacsmufcsm;pGm rSdKufceJNzpfcsifaeonf/

    vufaxmufq&m0ef rru trsdK;om; olemNyKtul udkifxm;ay;aombGm;bGm;\acgif;rSvefxGufaeaom OD;a&Nym; tzwfBuD;atmuf&SdaoG;,dkxGufraumif;awmYyJvm; rod/bGm;bGm;uawmY nnf;&Hkom nnf;onf/

    ]touf 80 ausmf tbGm; aemufaz;avSum;u qif;awmY b,folrSvdkufrydkYBubl;vm;?nnf;wdkYu w,faygYwmyJ?'DrSm tbGm;vnf; roufom?igwdkYwpfawGvnf; 'Dawmaq;&Hkuav;rSm nqdk wpfa,mufyJ&Sdwm?aq;ukoaqmifu ac:vdkuf?cGJpdwfaqmifu ac:vdkuf?uav;arG;wJYae&mu ac:vdkuf?'gawmif uav;aqmifu at;aevdkYawmfawmYw,f}

    aoG;xGuf&mae&mrsm;udk rEdkiYfwEdkifzrf;ae&if;u

    vufaxmufq&m0efrru NrnfwGefawmufwD;aeonf/[kwfawmYvnf; [kwfonf/bGm;bGm;\'Pf&maoG;wdwfatmif BudK;pm;aeonfrSm em&D0ufcefY &SdaeNyD/ xdkem&D0ufcefY twGif;wGifvlemaqmifaygif;pHkrS vmaNymaeaom Nyemrsm;udk yg;pyfNzifY nTefBum;aomenf;NzifYomol aNz&Sif;ae&onf/

    ]orD;wdkY rodvdkufvdkYyg rr&,f?bGm;bGm;u oli,fNyefaevdkYolY[mol qif;oGm;wmyg?

    orD;vnf; ywf(wf)0rf;atmifxm;wJYausmif;olyg?rrudk ulvdkY&&ifulay;csifygw,f}

    vufaxmufq&m0efrru rsufESmtenf;i,f aNyoGm;onf/

    ]aBomf...ausmif;ydwfxm;vdkY tdrfNyefvmwmvm;}

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    11/169

    ][kwfygw,f}

    ]BunfY&wm nDrav; raNymeJY?rrawmifrulEdkifawmYbl;xifw,f?'grsdK;udk rr ruRrf;bl;?[JY..tvkyform;}

    tvkyform;wpfOD;u ][kwfuJY a'gufwm}[k xl; aNy;vmonf/

    ]a'gufwma&TaoG; oGm;ac: prf;?ol 8 em&D0if&rSm?tck 7em&DyJ&Sdao;w,f?igu tultnDvdkvdkYygvdkYaNym?ol vdkufvmrSmyJ}

    tvkyform;u ][kwfuJY}[kqdkum aNy;xGufoGm;onf/q&m0efrruyef;rSHKbufvSnfY

    ]olu csKyfwm odyfawmfw,f/*sLwDapm0if&wmwdkY?olrsm;*sLwD0ifay;&wmrsdK;wdkYvn f;rsufESmwpfcsufrysufbl;?odyfpdwfaumif;&Sdwm}[k qdkonf/

    ]a'gufwma&TaoG; [kwfvm;}

    q&m0efrr zdxm;onfY *Grf;patmufrS pdrfYxGufaeqJbGm;bGm;\aoG;rsm;udkai;BunfY&if;u yef;rSHk wdk;wdk;uav; a&&Gwfrdonf/q&m0efrru &,fonf/

    ]olYemrnfu a'gufwm ,OfaoG;yg?uav;txl;ukbGJYvGef0ifcGifYaNzr,fqdkNyD; uav;aqmifrSmyJ tNrJae?uav;awGudk cifcifrifrifae?uav;awGu olYudkcspfBuvGef;vdkY ]a'gufwma&TaoG;}vdkY aq;&HkwpfckvHk;uac:Buwm}

    ]a'gufwma& vkyfygOD;}

    trsdK;orD; olemNyKtulwpfOD; aNy;0ifvmNyefonf/

    ]bmNzpfNyefNyDvJ?uav;aqmif tckyJ csD;rGrf;aewkef;&Sdao;}

    q&mruav;u acgif;cgonf/

    ]'Dwpfcg wu,frvG,fwm a'gufwma&?uav;awGu bmrSrNzpfbl;?uav;tazwpfa,muf t&ufrSK;0ifvmNyD; vlemapmifYaewJY olYrdef;rudk

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    12/169

    vSdrfY&dkufaevdkY}

    yef;rSHk olY&ifbwfudk olzdrdonf/bk&m;a&?'g igaemufESpfeSpfBum&if &ifqdkif&rJY NyemawGwJYvm;?q&m0efvkyfcsifwm rSm;NyD;eJYwlw,f/

    ]bmNzpfvdkYwJYvJ}

    ]olNyefvmwmudk xrif;tqifoifY cl;rxm;vdkYwJY?tdrfeD;csif;awGar;BunfYawmY uav;aeraumif;vdkY aq;&HkoGm;wufaew,fvdkYaNymawmY vdkufvmwmwJY?tarudk &dkufESufNyD;tck tdrfNyefvdkufcJYvdkY aNymaew,f}

    ]tarua&m}]NidrfcHaew,f?a,mufsm;awmfawmfaBumuf&yHkyJ?uav;u0rf;oGm;wm odyfraumif;ao;bl;?taBumaq;BuD; wef;vef;eJY}

    ]b,fwwfEdkifrvJ?olwdkYNyem aq;&HkuawmY &Sif;ray;Edkifbl;?vufrSwfxdk;ckdif;NyD; ay;Nyefvdkuf}

    q&m0efrraNymwmrSefayrJY 0rf;ysuf0rf;avQm roufomao;wJYuav;i,fudk Nrifa,mifBunfY&if;u yef;rSHKpdwfxJwGif xifYoGm;rdonf/

    ]a'gufwm vlBuD;aqmifu wpfa,mufuvnf; vufrSwfxdk;qif;csifvdkYwJY}

    aemufq&mrwpfOD;u 0ifvmaNymonf/

    ]Nzpf&NyefNyD?bmNzpfvdkYvJ}

    ]0rf;oGm;wm eSpf&uf&SdNyD?roufomvdkY tNyifrSmyJoGm;ukawmYr,fwJY}

    ]atmifr,f...vlyg;u0BuNyefNyD?Nyefygap?vufrSwfom xdk;cdkif;vdkuf}

    ][kwfuJY}

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    13/169

    q&m0efrru ycHk;wGefY oufNyif;csonf/yef;rSHKvnf;vdkufoufNyif;csrdonf/bk&m;..bk&m;../vufawGYb0u q&m0efawG usifvnfae&onfrSm&kyf&Sif0wKawGxJu q&m0efawGESifY wNcm;pDygvm;/

    ]bmawGNzpfaeBuwmvJ tpfr&JY}

    wnfNidrfat;aq;aom a,mufsm;oHwpfoH teD;rSay:vmoNzifYyef;rSHKzswfceJ vSnfYBunfYrdonf/NidrfoufBunfvifaeaom uefa&NyifeSifYwlonfYrsuf0ef;wpfpHkudk yufyif;wdk;avonf/

    (2)

    ]vTwfvdkuf tpfr?&w,f}

    ][JY ...vTwf&if aoG;awGtrsm;BuD; xGufxGufvmw,f}

    ]&ygw,f?tpfr vTwfom vTwfvdkuf?NyD;&if tpfr vufaq;awmY?'guRefawmfyJ qufudkifvdkufr,f}

    vuftdwfpGyf&if;u avat;av;ESifY aNymaeaom touf 28ESpft&G,fa,mufsm;ysdK\ wnfNidrf ,HkBunfcsuftNynfY&Sdaom [efyefudk BunfY&if;uyef;rSHK&ifxJodkY wnfNidrfat;csrf;rSKrsm; pD;0ifvmoa,mif cHpm;&onf/bGm;bGm;twGuf pdwfyl&rSKawGyiftenf;i,favsmYoGm;onf/

    ][JY ..,OfaoG;?eif wpfcsufcsif; rzrf;awmYbl;vm;}

    ]rvdkbl; tpfr?'D zvufyfwpfckvHk; wif;wif;qGJcsKyfvdkuf&ifatmufuxGufwJYae&mawGuy&uf&SmeJY ydwfoGm;vdrfYr,f?a&mifaeawmY tpfrwpfcsufcsif;zrf;vnf; xGufaerSmyJ}

    rsufpdwpfrSdwftwGif;rSmyif bGm;bGm;OD;acgif;rS vefxGufaeaom

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    14/169

    ta&Nym;tzwfBuD; ae&mwus csKyfNyD;oGm;onf/ ydk;owfaq;&nfNzifY aq;csvdkufaomtcgbmaoG;xGuf&mrSvnf; r&SdawmY/

    ]awmfvdkufwm igYarmif&,f?'gaBumifY vnf; a'gufwma&TaoG;?a'gufwm a&TaoG;eJY emrnfBuD;aewmudk;}

    ]aNrSmufrcdkif;vnf; vkyfay;ygw,f tpfr&,f}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG;u vuftdwfcRwf&if;u &,faNzonf/

    ]eif xrif;a&m pm;NyD;NyDvm;}

    ]NyD;NyD?csdKifYqGJpm;wJYqdkifu tapmBuD;vmydkYwmeJYpm;xm;vdkufw,f?tpfr NyefcsifNyefawmYav}

    csdKifYqGJpm;owJY/

    [efyefwnfNidrfoavmuf rsufESmysdKEk acsmarmaom q&m0efuav;\rsufESmudk ai;BunfYae&if;u ]vlysdKeJYwlw,f}[k tysdKuav;yDyD pyfpyfpkpkawG;aerdonf/

    q&m0efrru &kwfw&uf yef;rSHKudk owd&oGm;onf/

    ]'g vlemYaNr;av;?ywf(wf)0rf;ausmif;olwJY?nDr emrnfu}

    ]yef;rSHKyg rr}

    ][,f vSvdkufwJY emrnfav;?vluav;uvnf; NzLNzLvSvSuav;qdkawmYvdkufaea&m?[JY...vlysdKBuD;?eifyJ &Sif;NyvdkufawmY}

    pm;yGJwGif xdkifaeaom q&mrwpfa,mufu]aBumfNim0ifNyefNyD}[kvSrf;aemufonf/a'gufwm,OfaoG;u NyHK;&HkomNyHK;aeaomfvnf; yef;rSHKu&Sufudk;&Sufuef;NzpfoGm;onf/

    ]aoG;u wdwfoGm;ayrJY acgif;xdxm;wmqdkawmY 24 em&DawmY

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    15/169

    apmifYBunfY&rSmyJ nDr&JY?aq;&Hkwifxm;&atmif?b,folapmifYay;rvJ}

    ]yef;rSHKyJ apmifYygr,f q&m}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG;u vufwpfacsmif;axmifNyonf/

    ]a[Y ...q&m rac:eJYav?wdkYu yef;rSHKudk pmvnf;roifay;zl;bl;?q&mtac:cH&avmufatmifvnf; 0gr&ifYao;bl;}

    q&m0efrru &,f]tpfudk ac:wm cHcsifaeNyefNyD?ac:vdkufprf;ygnDr&,f}[k 0ifponf/

    ]tpfru Nyefav}]NyefrSm?ig vufrSwfxdk;Nyefr,fYESpfa,muf ac:awGY&OD;r,f}

    ]uav;aqmifu taz aomif;usef;aewJYwpfa,mufeJY vlBuD;aqmifu0rf;avQmroufomwJYwpfa,muf r[kwfvm;?uRefawmf &Sif;vdkufr,f? tpfrNyefem;awmY}

    ]eif 'Davmuf cspf&maumif;wmawmif bmvdkYrpGHao;&vJ?ig

    pOf;pm;vdkYudk r&bl;}

    q&m0efrru &,f xGufcGmoGm;onf/

    (3)

    bGm;bGm;udk tdrfrS tazmfvdkufvmBuaom tdrfazmfruav;ESpfOD;uoD;oefYcef;wGif Nyifqifae&mcsxm;ay;aeBupOf yef;rSHKwpfa,muf q&m0ef?q&mrrsm;

    pka0;xdkifBu&m *sLwDpm;yGJwGif 0ifxdkifapmifYaerdonf/t"du taBumif;uawmYa'gufwm,OfaoG;ESifY q&mrrsm; tarmaNyaomuf&ef vufzuf&nfoGm;0,faeol armif0rf;uGJuav;udkapmifYaeNcif;Nzpfonf/a'gufwm,OfaoG;uawmY vufaq;NyD;onfESifY&SdorQvlemrSwfwrf;pm&Gufrsm;udk a&SYwGifyHk

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    16/169

    avYvmaeonf/yef;rSHK&Sdaeonfudkyif owdNyKrd[efr&Sd/[kwfyg&JY/&kyf&nf onfrQ oefYNyefY\acsmarmNyD;tvGefaEG;axG;aom tNyHK;ydkif&Sif onfq&m0efuav; ,ckt&G,ftxdcspfolr&Sd?wpfOD;wnf; aeae&onfuawmY tHYBop&m/

    ]q&m 0rf;avQmwJY vlBuD;aqmifu NyefcsifwJY vlem&JYom;awG}

    q&m0efuav;u pm&Gufwpfxyfudk a'gufwm,OfaoG;a&SY csay;&if;uar;aigYNyonf/tenf;i,f pdwfwdkae[ef&SdNyD; t0wftpm; royf&yf?acR;wvHK;vHk;ESifYa,mufsm;BuD;oHk;OD; csOf;uyfvmBuonf/

    ]uJ...aNymNyygOD;?cifAsm;wdkYu bmvdkY qif;csif&wmvJ}

    ]vufrSwfxdk;rSmyJ q&m?r&bl;vm;}

    pGyfus,ftuseSifY qdkifu,fOD;xkyfaqmif;xm;olwpfOD;u avoHrmESifYaNymonf/&Syftusaumfvm vnfuwHk; vnfyif;om;rsm;zGm0gBuefYBuefYta&mifaygufaeonfudk 0wfqifxm;oluvufumNyonf/a'gufwm,OfaoG;uawmY at;at;yif/

    ]&ygw,f?t&yfaq;&HkyJ?vlem&Sifoabmyg?'gayrJY uRefawmfu 'DrSm

    cifAsm;wdkYtaz&JY vlemrSwfwrf;udk BunfYaewm?0rf;udkufw,fqdkNyD; 0rf;ppfxm;wm0rf;udkufydk;vnf; awGYw,f?tJ'geJYywfoufwJY 0rf;udkufydk;aowJYaq;vnf; ay;xm;w,f?aq;u ckepf&ufay;&rSm?tck ESpf&ufyJ&Sdao;w,f?tJ'gNyefr,fqdkawmY tdrfrSmawmYqufaomufvdkY&wmaygYav?'gayrJY vlemutoufBuD;awmY teD;uyfapmifYBunfYzdkYawmYvdkwmaygY?rNyef&ifvlemtwGufykdaumif;rvm;vdkYyg}

    vlem&Sifrsm;\ rsufESmrSm awGa0oGm;onf/

    ]uRefawmfwdkYu 'DrSmukaewm roufomvdkY}

    ]xHk;pHuawmYvnf; 3?4&ufaerS odomwwfwmygyJ?NrefNrefoufomatmifqdkNyD; 0rf;ydwfaq;awG wdkufypfvdkuf&ifvnf; 0rf;udkufydk;udk

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    17/169

    ydkNyD;yGm;vmatmif tm;ay;ovdk NzpfwwfwmaygY?taBumaq;wdkY?xdk;aq;wdkYuvnf; wu,frvdktyfbJay;&iftxl;oNzifY toufBuD;wJYvlawGrSm tE&,fruif;bl;av}

    vlem&SifoHk;OD; wpfa,mufrsufESm wpwfa,mufBunfYBuonf/NyD;rStm;wHk;tm;em[efNzifYqdkonf/

    ]'Dvdkyg q&m?uRefawmfwdkYu tazYudk b,folrSvnf;vmrBunfYBubl;/'DrSmukwm bmrSvnf; oufomrvmbl;qdkNyD; tNyifrSmoGm;ukBurvdkYyg?tck q&m &Sif;NyawmYvnf;enf;vrf;usygw,f?q&meJYa&m tNyifrSmvmNyvdkY&rvm; rodbl;}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG;u &,fonf/]uRefawmfu tNyifrSm aq;cef;zGifYrxm;bl;?zGifY&ifvnf; aq;&HkuvlemudkawmYac: oGm;rSm r[kwfbl;?'DrSmvnf; BunfYBuygw,f?reufuNrdKYe,fq&m0efBuD;udk,fwdkif BunfYxm;wJYrSwfcsuf 'DrSm&Sdygw,f?tck aq;&HktwGif;vlaygif;uwpf&meSpfq,fYESpfa,muf &Sdw,f?tNyifvlemawGvnf; qufwdkufvmaewmyJ?q&m0efu wm0efuswm

    wpfa,mufwnf;qdkawmY cifAsm;wdkYeJYawmY cPcPawGYaerSm r[kwfbl;?q&mrawGuawmY ta&;BuD;&if BuD;ovdk owif;ydkYaeBuwmyJ?udk,fvnf; pdwfyl&if vmaNymEdkifwmygyJ?Nyefwm rNyefwmu cifAsm;wdkYoabmyg?'gayrJY vlemtwGufawmY epfemr,fvdkY xifwmyJ?uJ...wdkifyifBuOD;av?uRefawmfvnf; Nyifyvlem qufBunfYvdkufOD;r,f}

    vlem&SifoHk;OD; vSKyfvSKyf&Sm;&Sm;NzpfoGm;onf/

    ]rNyefawmYygbl; q&m?q&m aNymwm uRefawmfwdkYoabmaygufygNyD?uRefawmfwdkY aNymrSm;qdkrSm;&Sdwmvnf;awmif;yefygw,f?tazYudkvnf; q&mYudk tyfygw,f}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG;u NyHK; ae&mrSxonf/pmyGJwGifxdkifaeaomtxufwef;olemNyKq&m

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    18/169

    ru ]udka&TaoG;wdkYuawmY vkyfcsvdkufNyefNyD}[kyef;rSHKbufvSnfY wdk;wdk;aNymonf/

    (4)

    ]w,faumif;wJY vufzuf&nfygvm;?nDrav;vnf; aomufav}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG;u vufzuf&nfyef;uefudk Nyefcs&if;u aNymonf/]nDruraomufwwfvdkYyg}[k aNym&onf/

    ]q&m &JawGa&mufaew,f?&Jtkyfu q&meJYawGYcsifvdkYwJY}

    tvkyform;wpfa,muf *sKwDtcef;xJ0ifvm aNymonf/q&mrrsm;

    tHYBooGm;Bu[ef&SSdayrJY a'gufwm,OfaoG;u cyfat;at;yif/]0ifygapuGm}[kaNymonf/'k&Jtkyfuav;wpfOD;u 0ifvm a'gufwm,OfaoG;udktav;NyKonf/

    ]q&m?uRefawmfwdkY a&mufNyDvdkY owif;ydkYwmyg}

    ]&w,f?uRefawmfYudk awGYp&mrvdkbl;?[dkuav;aqmifxJrSmuav;tazwpfa,muft&ufrSK;NyD; vmaomif;usefaevdkY cifAsm;wdkYudk ac:vdkufwm?

    tJ'Dom wef;oGm;vdkuf}

    ]a&mufcJYygNyDq&m? 'DrSm zrf;xm;NyD;ygNyD}

    vSnfYBunfYvdkufrdrS yef;rSHKyifxdwfceJNzpfoGm;&onf/rsufvHk;rsm;eD&J t&ufeHYa[mifaeol a,mufsm;BuD;wpfOD;? vufxdwfcwf cH&vsufom;ygvmygvm;/

    ]tif;...ac: oGm;av}

    ]q&m&,f rvkyfygeJY?uRefra,mufsm;udk rzrf;BuygeJY?oluRefrudk&dkufwm uRefr cHEDkifygw,f?trSKrzGifYygbl;?uRefra,mufsm;udk vTwfay;Buygaemf}

    bk&m;a&...rsufESmwpfckvHk; zl;a&mifaeatmif t&dkufcHxm;&aomolYrdef;rvnf; ab;rSm

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    19/169

    ygvmygvm;?yef;rSHkomru q&mruav;rsm;yif onf&SKcif;udkBunfYtxdwfwvefYNzpfaeBuonf/a'gufwma&TaoG;uawmY at;aq;yif/

    ]cifAsm;udk&dkufwm cifAsm; aBuat;vdkY&r& uRefawmf rodbl;?trsm;Bunfol emrusef;NzpfwJYvlawG&SdwJY aq;&Hktv,faumifrSm rl;NyD; vmaomif;usef;wmaq;&Hku ausat;vdkYr&bl;?'DawmY 'DnawmY csKyfxm;ygap?cifAsm;vnf; uav;eJYaq;&HkrSmyJae?eufNzef uav;vnf; oufomvm?cifAsm;a,mufsm;vnf; trSK;aNyoavmuf&SdrS'Dudpudk NrdKYe,fq&m0efBuD;eJY pcef;rSL;BuD;pum;aNymNyD; quf&Sif;r,f?[kwfNyDvm;?uJ...q&mwdkY ac:

    oGm;BuawmY}

    bk&m;a&...tvGefEl;nHYodrfarGY[efaygufaeonfYq&m0efonfpnf;urf;ESifYywfoufvmaomtcg onfrQyif Nywfom;EDkifowJYvm;/vufxdyfcwfw&m;cHudk&JtzGJYu ac: oGm;cJYygonf/

    (5)][JY..aemufawmYaum}

    odcsifpdwfNzifY r&dk;r&GNzpfaeonfY oli,fcsif;aq;ausmif;oluav;oHk;OD; tvkt,uf0dkif;ar;Buonf/

    ]aemufawmY raumbl;?NyD;a&m Zmwfvrf;u}

    ][,f..}rcsifYr&JavoHNzifY 0dkif;&dkufBuonf/yef;rSHKu &,f ][kwfw,fav[m?bGm;bGm;vnf;aemufwpfaeY qif;&wmyJ?aemufwpfaeY]Edkuf}xGuf&ufem;awmYrawGYcJY&bl;aygY}[kaNzonf/

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    20/169

    ]eif xyfoGm;r&Smbl;vm;}

    ]bmvdkY&SmrSmvJ}

    ]yef;rSHK tydkawGaNymraeeJY?nnf; &ifawG wtm;ckefvmvdkY'Davmuftao;pdwf wdkYudk NyefaNymaewm?eif ausmif;zGifY &efukefNyefrvmcifwpfacgufoGm;&Smudk &Sm&r,f?trSeftwdkif;aNym}

    yef;rSHku rcdkYw&dkYNyHK;}&Sm&if igu rdef;raemufydk;NzpfaerSmaygY}[k aNzonf/

    ]r&Smbl;aygY}&SmwmawmYvnf; r[kwfbl;av?aus;Zl;wifaBumif;uav;awmYaNyzkdYoGm;&wmaygY}

    ]uJ..vQdKYxm;wm?vQdKxm;OD;?vQdKxm;OD;}[k qdkumvG,ftdwfrsm;ESifY 0dkif;&dkufBuNyefonf/

    ]vQdKwmr[kwfygbl;[,f?Zmwfvrf;u wu,fYudk NyD;ygwm?wpfywfavmufBumvdkY igvnf; owd&wmeJY}

    ]owd&wmawmY 0efcHw,faygY}

    ][,f..rpeYJ[m?yef;rSHk qufaNym}

    ]at;av..&w,fav?bmNzpfvJ?tJ'geJY pm;p&muav; bmav;vufaqmifay;r,fqdkNyD;0,foGm;wm?aq;&Hka&mufawmY r&SdawmYwmeJY q&mrawGyJauR;cJY&w,f}

    tm;vHk; pdwfysufvufysuf NzpfoGm;onf/

    ]bmvdkYr&SdawmYwmvJ}

    ]olu tpuwnf;u uav;txl;uk bGJYvGefoifwef;0ifcGifYatmifxm;NyD;om;wJY?ausmif;rzGifYao;vdkY apmifYaewmwJY?tck ausmif;zGifYvdkY tJ'DNrdKYuae

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    21/169

    tNyD;xGufoGm;NyD;wJY}

    tm;vHk; rSifwufoGm;Buonf/cPaerS wpfOD;uowd&[efNzifY][JY...aq;(1)rSm r[kwfbl;vm;?ol bGJYvGefwufwm][k ar;onf/yef;rSHku ]uav;bGJYvGefuavmavmq,f aq;(1)yJ&SdwmyJ}[k aNzonf/

    ]uav;aq;&HkBuD;rSmaygY}

    ][kwfrSmaygY}

    ]bm[kwfrSmaygYvJ?wdkYvnf; tck ausmif;zGifY&if uav;aq;&Hkupqif;&rSm?NyefawGYrSmaygY}

    ]xifwmyJav}

    ]bmxifwmyJvJ?eif wGufxm;NyD;om; r[kwfvm;}

    tm;vHk;u rematmif 0dkif;&dkufBuNyefonf/yef;rSHKuawmY&,farmom aeygawmYonf/

    ********************

    2 yxrOD;qHk;aomn

    a'gufwma&TaoG;

    ESifY

    yxrOD;qHk;aomn

    2/yxrOD;qHk;aomn

    (1)

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    22/169

    aNzmifYpif; &Snfvsm;aom rsufawmifwdkY\atmufwGif rnf;eufvSaomrsuf0ef;wpfpHk&Sdonf/xdkrsuf0ef;wpfpHkwGif aqmif;wGif;tcg Nywif;rS at;pdrfYaomavpdrf;rsm; wdkufcwfaepOf Nywif;wHcg;udk ydwfvdkufcsdef cHpm;&aomaEG;axG;rSKrsdK;&Sdonf/

    awmfawmf&if;&if;ESD;ESD; aEG;axG;rSKrsdK;yg/

    cufonfu onfrsuf0ef;wpfpHk&SdaeonfY rsufemvSvSuav;udkb,frSmNrifzl;rSef; a'gufwm,OfaoG; pOf;pm;r&/

    bk&m;... bk&m;...onfvdkrsdK; wpfcgnu

    'kua&mufcJYNyD;NyD/rdef;rysdKuav;wdkY\rsuf0ef;rsm;udk rSwfrd&ef olYOD;aESmufu bmaBumifY onfrQ cufcJ&ygoenf;/

    ][JY..armif,Ofav;?nu bmNzpfwmvJ?qdk}

    vufaxmufuxdu uav;txl;ukq&m0ef rru pdwfr&SnfoHESifY cyfqwfqwfar;onf/nu wpfa&;rQ rtdyf&ao;oNzifY aBumiftrf;trf;Nzpfaeaoma'gufwm,OfaoG;\ rsufvHk;rsm; onfawmYrS rrbuf Nyefa&mufoGm;onf/

    [kwfyg&JY/rru vlemaqmifwGifRound vSnfYae&if;u aq;ausmif;ol?ausmif;om;rsm;udkpmoifae&if;wef;vef; ol vlemaqmifxJ 0ifvmwmawGY vSrf;ac:ar;aeNcif;Nzpfonf/

    tdyfcsifrl;wl; tm&Hku rr bmar;vdkufovJ aumif;aumif;roJuGJvdkufaomfvnf; olYrsufvHk;u rr pmoifaeaom tkyfpkxJuaq;ausmif;ol vSvSuav;wpfOD;\ &if;ESD;aEG;axG;pGm BunfYaeaom tBunfYwpfpHkqD

    trSwfw&a&mufoGm;&Ncif;yg/

    ]ya&mfzufqmac: vdkYom vm&wm rr&,f?nu bmtrSm;vkyfrdrSef;vJowdr&ygbl;}

    vufaxmufuxdu rru &,farmaeonf/

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    23/169

    ]yxrOD;qHk; uav;aq;&HkrSm qif;&wJYnqdkawmY'DvdkyJ&SdrSmaygY igYarmif&,f?wdkYwkef;uvnf; 'DvdkygyJ?EdkY eifu ]'Da*gufqif}udk reuf 10 em&DrSmwpfBudrfxyfxdk;zdkY wGufNyD;cdkif;cJYw,fqdk}

    ][kwfw,f rr?tJ'g bmNzpfvdkYvJ}

    ][JY...reuf 8em&Duwnf;u igwdkY tBuD;awG a&mufaerSmav?10em&Dwpfacgufudk xdk;&rSmvm;?wdkufyJ wdkuf&rSmvm;?NzKwfypf&rSmvm;?igwdkYuuav;udkNyefprf;NyD; qHk;NzwfrSmaygY?eifvkyfyHku reufvmr,fY vlawGem;rvnfrSmpdk;vdkY rSmcJYovdkNzpfaewmaygY}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG; udk,fYezl;udk,f vuf0g;ESifY &dkufrdonf/

    ][kwfygY rr&,f?ckrS bGJYvGefwufwkef; vlu atmifNyD;om;vlBuD;awGudk Nyefq&mvkyfovdk Nzpfaea&maygY?uRefawmfuawmY tusifYawGygvmwm?[dkrSmuaemufwpfaeY 0ifvmwJYvlu wpfaq;&Hk;vHk; BunfY&rSmqdkawmY vGwfrSmpdk;NyD;BudKvkyfwm tusifYygaewm}

    ]ya&mfzufqmvnf; tJovdkxifw,fvdkYyJ aNymygw,f[,f?pdwfrylygeJY?'gayrJY vlBuD;uawmY owday;wm ac:awmYar;rSmaygY?uJ..uJ...oGm;awGYvdkufOD;?at;aq; yg armifav;&,f?eifYudk ya&mfzufqmu 'Daumifuav; aeYcif;ydkif; 0gY'fxJrSmvnf;tawmftvkyfvkyfwmyJ?apwemeJY rSm;wJYtrSm;NzpfrSmygvdkY aNymygw,f}

    ]aus;Zl; rr}

    vufaxmufuxdurrudk ESKwfquf vSnfYtxGufwGif xdkaEG;axG;aomtBunfY&Sifrdef;rvSuav;u NyHK;NyoNzifY a,mifttNzifY NyefNyHK;NyrdcJYao;onf/

    igeJY b,frSm qHkzl;vdkYygvdrfY/

    ,OfaoG;?,OfaoG;?'DrrSwfrdrSKeJY nuvnf; emNyD;NyD/

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    24/169

    (2)

    aNym&vQifawmY Zmwfvrf;u vGefcJYonfY (5)ESpfu prnf/

    vGefcJYonfY 5 ESpfcefYu rEav; aq;wuodkvfrS aq;ausmif;om;uav;armif,OfaoG;wGif cspfolwpfOD; &SdcJYzl;onf/yxrOD;qHk;aom tcspfawmYvnf;r[kwfovdk aemufqHK;aomcspfolvnf; r[kwfNyef/

    armif,OfaoG;onf vl&SKyfvlayGwpfOD;[kawmY olYcspfolNzpfzl;olrdef;uav;rsm;a&m oli,fcsif;taygif;toif;rsm;uyg wpfcgrQrowfrSwfcJYBu/rdbrNynfYpHkbJ

    udk,fwdkifu ynmxl;cRefolvli,fwdkY\bm0 cyfat;at;yif aewwfcJYonf/

    &kyf&nfoefYNyefYNcif;?ynmxl;cRefNcif;?taNymtqdk&nf rGefNcif;?rnfolYudk rqdk pdrf;pdrf;usufusuf ulnD&ef 0efrav;Ncif;?taygif;oif;rsm;Bum;wGif trsm;twGuftepfemcHwwfNcif;eSifY trsm;ESifYqufqHwdkif; tm;empdwftNynfYNzifYqufqHwwffNcif;wdkYaBumifY taygif;toif;rsm;Bum;wGifa&m rdef;uav;rsm;Bum;wGifyg

    a&yef;pm;cJY&onfuawmY trSef/onfvdkESifYyif wrifvdkuf ayGae&SKyfaeonf r[kwfaomfvnf; armif,OfaoG;rSmcspfolwpfOD;&Sd&SdoGm;wwfonf/

    xdk&Sdvmaom cspfolonfvnf; rsm;rBumrDwGif armif,OfaoG;\b0wGifrdrdu t"duae&mu ryg0ifaBumif; &dyfrdvmvQif armif,OfaoG;udkpdwfukefukefvmwwfBuonf/aemufydkif; aemufxyf rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudpawGudkvdkufulnDaqmif&GufaeNyefNyD[k Bum;&onfYtcgrsdK;rsm;wGif cGmNyJoGm;wwfBuonf/

    xdk aemufxyfrdef;uav;onfaomfvnf;aumif;?bmrSrqdkifaomaemufrdef;uav;wpfOD;onfaomfvnf;aumif; armif,OfaoG;\ cspfol NzpfvmwwfNyefonf/

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    25/169

    cyfa0;a0;u avUvmrdolrsm;uawmY armif,OfaoG;udkvl&SKyfvlayGwpfOD;[k NrifwwfBuaomfvnf; teD;uyfaygif;oif;rdonfY oli,fcsif;rsm;uawmYb,frdef;uav;ESifY wGJaeae?aemufqHk; b,frdef;uav;ESifYrS rwGJbJaeae armif,OfaoG;\wpfaeYwm tcsdefZ,m;eSifY vSKyf&Sm;rlrSm taNymif;tvJ bmrS r&SdonfudkawGYawGYae& armif,OfaoG;rSmcspfol&Sdonfvm;?r&Sdaeonfvm;?armif,OfaoG; vuf&SdwGJaeaomrdef;uav;rSm cspfoltqifYvm;?oli,fcsif;tqifYrQyJvm; qdkwmawmif cGJNcm;&cufrSef;odBuonf/

    xdkrQ tcGifYta&;r,lwwfolwpfOD;udk vl&SKyfvlayGwpfOD;[kpGyfpGJ&rSmvnf; cufcJvSonf/NyD;awmY oleSifY vrf;cGJcJYBuonfY cspfolawGtm;vHk;uvnf;tciftrifrysufbJ oli,fcsif;rsm;yif qufNzpfaeBuNyefonf/

    xm;ygawmYav/

    vGefcJYonfY ig;ESpfu armif,OfaoG; cspfolNzpfzl;aomrdef;uav;wGifawmY xl;Ncm;csuf

    wpfck&Sdonf/

    odyfvSy tNrJwrf; tm;i,f&dyfvGrf;aeaomrsuf0ef;uav;wpfpHkyg/xdkaBumifYvnf; vrf;cGJcJYwmBumcJYonfYwdkifatmif xdkrsuf0ef;uav;wpfpHkudk armif,OfaoG;trSwf&&aerdonf/

    ,ckawmYvnf; armif,OfaoG;wGif cspfolqdkbGJYvGefoifwef;ESpfESpfumvtwGif; NyD;

    atmifzwf&rnfY pmtkyfyHkBuD;wpfyHkom &Sdygonf/

    (3)

    ]apmapmu tufpfbD b,favmuf&vJ}

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    26/169

    ]26 ygq&m}

    ]bk&m;a&...aoG;vJ&awmYrSmaygY?aoG;a&m &NyDvm;}

    ]vSLNyD;om; tqifYoifY&Sdygw,f q&m?Nyifvdkuf&awmYrvm;}

    ]at;..at;...}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG; pdwfav;pGmNzifY w,fvDzkef;udk csonf/tay:xyfarG;uif;ptaqmifoGm; aoG;vJ&awmYrnf/cufwmu arG;uif;puav; aoG;vJwmudkolwpfcgrQrvkyfzl;/uav;txl;uk q&m0efr&Sdaom e,faq;&Hkrsm;wGifomwm0efuscJYzl;olrdkY onftawGYt

    BuHK olYrSm csdKYwJYaeavonf/uav;aq;&HkBuD;rSmu bGJYvGefausmif;om;wdkYu nydkif;wGifuav;BuD;aqmif eSpfaqmifESifY arG;uif;p pcef;udk wm0ef,l&onfrdkY oluvGJvQifvJrnfYolvnf;r&Sd/,aeY aq;&Hkwuftaqmif(Admission Ward )wGif wm0efusaeaomvufaxmufq&m0efuawmYtvkyfp0ifuwnf;u onfaq;&HkwGif 3?4eSpfaevmolrdkYtawGYtBuHK&SdEdkifonf/

    ]rr enf;enf;vdkufBunfYay;rvm;}

    r&Jw&JoGm; csOf;uyfBunfYrdao;onf/

    ],lwdkYu wwfNyD;om;awGyJ?tdkif 'DrSm aq;&HkwufvlemawGwtm;rsm;aew,f}[k NywfNywfom;om; aNzonf/

    NyD;cJYonfY bGJYvGef0ifcGifY pmar;yGJwGif olESifY,SOf

    aNzqdkcJYNyD; a&G;cs,fNcif;rcHcJY&olrdkY tai:wl;wm[kawmY pGyfpGJr&/olra&SYwGifvnf;wu,fYudkvlemawGyHkaeonf/

    yxrvufaxmuftxl;uk q&m0efrrudk zkef;qufBunfYawmYvnf; ]yxrOD;qHk;tBudrfqdkwm vlwdkif;&SdrSmaygY?eif enf;odNyD;om;yJ?xnfYBunfY?r0if&if

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    27/169

    xyfquf?ig vmcJYr,f}[k qdkonf/olrvmrSmu tif;pdefuvmrSm/NyD;awmY tcsdefu n 8em&D/

    uJ ....rxl;ygbl;av/

    tulaoG;vJay;r,fY olemNyKq&mrav;uawmY vJzl;rSmyg[kawG;arG;uif;paqmifodkYwufcJYonf/uav; aoG;vJvS,fcef;xJwGif uav;a&m?aoG;a&m?tvkyfoifq&m0efa&m?olemNyKq&mruav;a&m?aoG;ykvif; Nyifqifay;rnfYolemNyKtultrsdK;orD;yg tqifoifYapmifYaeBuonf/

    cGJcef;0wfpHk tNynfYtpHk0wf?acgif;pGyfaqmif;NyD;

    rsufESmzHk;pGyfxm;oNzifY olemNyKq&mruav;\ rsufvHk;wpfpHkudkom Nrif&onf/

    xdkrsufvHk;uav;rsm;rSm tvGefyif vSyavonf/

    (4)

    ]uRefawmfawmY wpfcgrS rvkyfzl;bl;?q&mra&m}

    &kwfw&uf pum;NyefraNymbJ tm;i,f&dyf vTrf;ae&ygoenf;/

    ]wpfcgawmY 0ifzl;ygw,f q&m}

    rsufESmzHk;pGyfatmufu AvHkAaxG;oHESifY aNzonf/

    ]wpfcgqdk&ifyif uRefawmfYxufomaeNyD?uJ...uRefawmfYudkomNyay;ayawmY}

    ][kwfuJYyg q&m}

    onfae&mu Nzwf?onfae&mu csnf;?q&mruav;u tao;pdwfNyay;oNzifYESpfem&DBumNrifYaom aoG;vJvS,frSK atmifNrifpGmNyD;qHk;oGm;avonf/aoG;vJvS,faepOftwGif;wGif olwm0ef,lxm;&aom taqmifwpfckrS uav;wpfOD; armaevmBunfYay;yg[k

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    28/169

    zkef;ESifYac: ao;onf/

    aoG;vJvS,f&if; wef;vef;Nzpfae vufaxmufq&m0efrrudkNyxm;ESifYyg[k rSmvdkuf&onf/

    cPaeawmY zkef;Nyefvmonf/vufaxmufq&m0efrruvmBunfYay;aomfvnf; aoG;vJNyD;vQif wpfacguf xyfBunfY&ef rSmoGm;aBumif;/

    tdkauav...oGm;wmaygY/

    ]aus;Zl;yJ q&mra&?yxrtBudrf aoG;vJwmatmifatmifNrifNrifNzpfoGm;wm q&mr Nyay;

    ayvdkYyJ?atmufxyf qif;vdkufOD;r,f}]aumfzDazsmfxm;ygw,f q&m}

    ]raomufawmYbl;Asm?[dk uav;qif;BunfYNyD; tJ'DrSmyJ tdyfawmYr,f?nDav;a& ]['f&dyf}uav; ]rdk;&dk;} uav; prf;prf;BunfY?wpfckckqdk&if aq;ukoaqmif 3rSm tpfudk &Sdw,f}

    tvkyfoifq&m0efuav;udk rSm?olemNyKtulvufxJodkY

    rdrdcRwfvdkufaom tay: &HkcGJpdwf0wfpHkudk urf;ay;NyD;xGufcJYonf/olemNyKq&mruav;\rsufvHk;vSvSuav;wpfpHkuawmY wpfckckaNym&ef [efNyifaeonfY trSKt&mESifY usefcJYygonf/

    (5)

    b,f&D b,f&DygyJq&m?bD0rf;wpfvHk;xdk;NyD; [pd[pdNzpfaeao;vdkYq&mYudkac:wm?apmapmu trf0rf;u attufpfvmBunfYNyD; aemufwpfvHk; xyfxdk;cdkif;wmtckawmY aumif;oGm;ygNyD}

    awmfao;wmaygY/

    rdcifEdkYwdkufaeaom tarudk tdrfeD;csif;?aq;ynmrwwfbJ

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    29/169

    q&mvkyfwm 0goemygaomta':BuD;rsm;u toD;t&Guf rpm;&bl;?uav; avemwwfw,f[k 0dkif;aNymtpm;a&Smif&mrS rdcifEDkYwGif uav; ESvHk;ckef&ef ta&;ygaomADwmrifbD0rf;"mwf rygoNzifY uav;touf ESpfv?oHk;vcefYwGif &kwfw&uf ESvHk;tarmazmufNcif;yifNzpfonf/

    urmYtqif;&JqHk;aom EdkifiHrsm;wGifyifvQifonfNyemawmfawmfenf;oGm;NyDNzpfaomfvnf; onfrSmawmY usef;rma&;todOPfcsdKYwJYol?qifNcifwHkw&m;enf;yg;olwdkYu olrsm;udk q&mvkyfwmuawmY 0goemygaeqJNzpfoNzifYaeY&Sdoa&GYonfNyemESifY BuHKae&

    qJ/tzdwftpOfvnf; renf;vS/ol aoG;vJNyD;onfYtxdom apmifY&vQif onfuav;&Sifp&mtaBumif;rNrif/onfawmYvnf;av vufaxmufq&m0ef(attufpf)tpfrBuD;udkausk;Zl;wif&Nyefonf/taygufqdk;ayrJY pdwf&if;aumif;[efwl&JY/

    ]'geJY q&mu a'gufwm,OfaoG; r[kwfvm;[if}

    ukd,f wpfcgrSrNrifzl;aom olemNyKq&mrav;u pl;prf;[efNzifYar;vmonf/a'gufwm,OfaoG; tenf;i,fawmY tHYBooGm;onf/

    ][kwfygw,f?q&mreJY uRefawmf qHkzl;vdkYvm;}

    q&mruav;u vQdKY0Sufodyfonf;rSKygaom tNyHK;udk aqmifonf/

    ]rqHkzl;ygbl;?'gayrJY uRefr vif;vif;&JY oli,fcsif;yg?taqmifrSmtwlwlyJav?vif;vif;

    pmyGJay:rSm q&mY"mwfyHku tNrJaxmifxm;wm odwmaygY}

    bk&m;a&/

    vGefcJYonfY ig;ESpfwkef;u rsufvHk;vSvSuav;ESifY cspfola[mif;/

    at;aygY/tJ'Dwkef;u olemNyKoifwef;olqdkawmY tck

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    30/169

    olemNyKq&mruav; Nzpfaea&maygY/

    tdk;wdk;trf;wrf;NzifY &,fNy&onf/

    ][kwfvm;?'gxuf emrnfu...}

    ]u,f&dk;vif;vdkY ac:Edkifygw,f q&m}

    ]at;Asm?awGY&wm 0rf;omygw,f?vif;vif;eJYa&m qHkao;vm;? olb,fa&mufaeovJ}

    u,f&dkvif; rsufESmu tHYBo&dyfay: oGm;onf/

    ]vif;vif;eJY q&m rawGYbl;vm;}]rawGYwmawmY BumNyD?[dkav uRefawmfwdkYu..}

    u,f&dkvif;u &,farm vufumNyonf/

    ]uGJoGm;Buwm BumNyDqdkwm uRefr odygw,f?uRefrwdkYutcspfqHk;oli,fcsif;awGyg?uRefr aNymwmu tay:rSm rawGYcJYbl;vm;vdkY aNymwmyg}

    ]tay:rSm}

    ]q&m tck aoG;vJNyD; qif;vmwm r[kwfvm;?vif;vif;u tck 'Daq;&HkudkuRefreJY twlwluswmav?'DaeYvnf; n*sLwD twlwluswm?olu arG;uif;prSm?uRefruapmapmu xrif;twlpm;&atmif vSrf;ac:awmY aoG;vJcef;xJ 0ifaew,fwJY?tJ'g q&meJY r[kwfvm;}

    bk&m;a&/

    'gaBumifY onftm;i,f&dyfvTrf;aeonfY rsuf0ef;vSvSuav;rsm;udkNrifzl;onf[k xifae&Ncif;ayudk;/

    cspfola[mif;udkyif cGJpdwfcef;oHk; rsufESmzHk;wyf&HkNzifYrrSwfrdwwfaom olYudkawmY onfq&mruav;awG taqmifrSmpk &,fyGJzGJYBuOD;rnfrSm

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    31/169

    aocsmvS\/&,fusJusJvkyfom]yxrOD;qHk; aoG;vJwmqdkawmY pdwfvSKyf&Sm;NyD; olYrsufESmaoaocsmcsm rBunfYvdkufrdbl;Asm?rsufESmzHk;uvnf; pGyfxm;awmY?uJ...uRefawmf trfwl;bufoGm;BunfYvdkufOD;r,f}[kuref;uwef; ESkwfqufpum; qdkrdonf/

    ]oGm;av q&m?uRefrvnf; vif;vif;ac:NyD; xrif;pm;vdkufOD;r,f?aBomf..'geJY...}

    vSnfYxGuf&ef NyifaeonfY aNcvSrf;rsm; wHkvSnfYBunfY&onf/u,f&dkvif;u rcsdKrcsOfNyHK;onf/

    ]uRefraNymNyw,fvdkYawmY raNymeJYaygY q&m?q&mY"mwfyHku'Dtaqmifa&mufawmYvnf;vif;vif;pmyGJrSm axmifxm;wkef;ygyJ}

    bmNyefaNym&rSef; rodoNzifY tlaBumifaBumifESifY....

    ]aBomf..[kwfuJY}[k qdkum xGufvm&onf/

    uav;txl;ukq&m0ef NzpfcsifvGef; e,fwGif ]a'gufwma&TaoG;}[kemrnf&cJYaom

    a'gufwm,OfaoG;\ uav;txl;uk q&m0efavmif;tNzpfyxrOD;qHk;wm0efusaomnwpfnuawmY wpfa&;rQ rtdyfvdkuf&onfYtNyifa,mifcsmcsmNzpf&yfrsm;ESifY NynfYESufaecJYonf/

    onfBum;xJ rsufvHk;uav;wpfpHkudk rrSwfrdvdkufonfYZmwfxkyfu&Sufp&mvdkvdk?tm;emp&mvdkvdk?oem;p&mvdkvdk/

    xdkntzdkY a'gufwm,OfaoG; arG;uif;paqmifudka&maq;ukoaqmif(3)udkyg aNcOD;rvSnfY0HYawmY/

    aq;ukoaqmif(1)wGif taNcNyKae&if;u uav;vlemwpfOD;udk 'Da*gufqifxdk;cdkif;NyD;

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    32/169

    reuf 10em&DwGif wpfcsdefxyfxdk;&ef vlemrSwfwrf;ay:wGifnTefBum;cJYrdonf/

    onftrSm;aBumifY ygarmuBuD;qD ]rkefY[if;cg;pm;}a&mufcJY&onf/onfrSmyJ [dkaq;ausmif;oluav;\ &if;ESD;[efygaom rsuf0ef;vSvSuav;wpfpHkESifYxyfyufyif;wdk;rd&Nyefonf/

    onfwpfcgawmY b,fvdkrS pOf;pm;vdkYr&/

    tif;av/ig tdyfa&;ysufNyD; 'D*smAl;0ifaewm NzpfrSmyg/wu,fawmYaumifrav;u olY[mol NyHK;aewmaerSm/

    (6)

    ][dk bGJYvGefausmif;om; q&mu trdkufpm;yJaemf}

    uav; aq;&HkBuD;0if; pm;aomufqdkifwGif 0ifxdkifxdkifcsif;oli,fcsif;wpfOD;u ratmifYeDkifrtnf;Edkif rSwfcsufcsonf/yef;rSHKu rodcsifa,mifaqmif ]b,fwpfa,mufvJ}[k ar;onf/

    ][JY..rreJY wdkYpmoifaewkef; 0ifvmwmav?rruarmif,Ofav;vkdYac:wm?&ifbwfrSmawmY xdk;xm;wm a'gufwm,OfaoG;wJY}

    ]aBomf...at;..rqdk;ygbl;}

    ]bmrqdkygbl;vJ?'Davmufacsmwm aNymprf;?uJ...eifYa'gufwma&TaoG;eJY b,folydkacsmvJ}

    yef;rSHKu &,f ]twlwlygyJ[m}[kqdkonf/

    ]rNzpfEdkifwm[m?eifaNymwJYvlvnf; tckavmufqdk'DrSmyJ&SdrSm?'Daq;&HkwpfckxJrSm bGJYvGefwufaewJY a,mufsm;uav;q&m0efi,facsmacsm eSpfa,mufawmif&SdaezdkYqdkwm rNzpfEdkifygbl;}

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    33/169

    yef;rSHk tm;&yg;& &,fonf/

    ]rdef;r&,f?b,folu eSpfa,muf&Sdw,f aNymvdkYvJ?twlwlyJqdkwmolyJvdkY aNymwm?a'gufwma&TaoG;qdkwmu emrnfaNymif?a'gufwm,OfaoG;qdkwmolYemrnft&if;?&Sif;NyD;vm;}

    oli,fcsif;rsm; yg;pyf qGHYtoGm;BuawmYonf/

    ]EdkY olu eifYudk bmvdkY ESKwfrqufwmvJ}

    ]rodbl;[m?rr &SdaevdkY [efYaewmvnf; NzpfcsifNzpfr,f?igYudkrrSwfrdwmvnf; Nzpfcsif

    Nzpfr,f}]atmifrm...yef;rSHku ]yuf(wf)0rf;uGif; Opm?'gawmifrrSwfrdbl;qdk&ifawmY awmfawmfBuD;us,fwJY vlysdKBuD;yJ}

    ]at;..rrSwfrdwmvm;?rESKwfquf&Jwmvm;?odcsif&if taNzutqifoifYyg[m}

    oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufu 0ifaNymonf/wpfa,mufwpfayguf qlnHaeaom

    oli,fcsif;tm;vHk; toH&yf xdkoli,fcsif;udk vSnfYBunfYBuonf/

    ]bmtqifYoifYvJ}

    ][dkrSmav}

    uifwif;tayguf0odkY vufnSdK;xdk;Nyonf/

    olYxuf toufenf;i,f BuD;rnfyHkay: aom

    trsdK;om;q&m0efwpfOD;ESifYtwl xrif;bl;udk,fpDudkif uifwif;xJodkY0ifvmaom a'gufwm,OfaoG;udkvSrf;awGY&avonf/

    ***********************

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    34/169

    3 tvkyfoifq&m

    a'gufwma&TaoG;

    ESifYryef;rHSK

    tvkyfoifq&m

    3/tvkyfoif]q&m}

    (1)

    aq;&Hk vufzuf&nfqdkifuav;rSm aNcwHNrifY opfom;tdrfuav;NzpfNyD;us,f0ef;aomfvnf; wHcg;aygufenf;oNzifY txJwGif xdkifaeolrsm;udk tNyifuodyfrNrif&yg/

    ]q&mausmf..[dkrSm q&mrBuD;wpfa,mufwnf; aomufaew,f}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG;omru olESifYtwl ygvmaomuav;txl;ukr[modyH&NyD;cgp tpf

    udkt&G,f uav;txl;ukq&m0efaygufp ]q&mausmf}yifvQifrsufcHk;yifYoGm;onf/

    uav;aq;&HkBuD;\ txyfwpfxyf tNynfYpmNzpfaom aq;ukoaqmifwpfck\wm0efcHq&mrBuD;?NyD;awmY uav;usef;rma&; ynmXmewGif'kwd,tBuD;qHk;tqifYvnf;Nzpfoludk vufzuf&nfqdkifxJwGif vufzuf&nf xdkifaomufvdrfYrnf[k olwdkYarQmfvifYrxm;rdyg/

    ]vm..udk,OfaoG;wdkY?q&mausmfwdkY xdkifBu}

    q&mrBuD;u pac: olwdkY ,dkY,dkYuav; 0ifxdkifrdonf/

    ]q&mausmf..trSKppfr,fYvlawG eufNzefvmrSmaemf?bmaNzrvJpOf;pm;xm;NyD;NyDvm;}

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    35/169

    q&mrBuD;u ar;awmY q&mausmfu rcsdNyHK; NyHK;onf/

    ]&Spfvawmif BumNyDqdkawmY odyfawmif rrSwfrdawmYygbl; rr&,f?rSwfrdoavmufawmYtrSeftwdkif;yJ aNzrSmaygY?uav;udk ukowJYtydkif;uawmYaygYaygYwefwef bmrSrvkyfcJYrdwm aocsmygw,f/'gayrJY tJ'Dwkef;u rr0'frSm uRefawmfwdkYEdKuf*sLwDqif;wJY q&m0efu ESpfa,muf?uRefawmfeJY [dkwpfa,mufeJYu oHk;&ufwpfcg?olreufqdk udk,f n/aemufwpfaeYvnf; uRefawmfu pmoif&awmY rNyefNzpf?vlemu reuf100?n 100vmaewmyJ?yifyef;NyD; pdwfwdkaerSmawmY aocsmw,f?'DBum;xJ

    tJ'Duav;u uRefawmf rSwfrdoavmufawmY arG;NyD;uwnf;u taru a&S;&dk;t,ltqtrSm;awGeJYtcef;xJurxGufbJ rD;atmif;wm?uav;udkvnf; oefYoefY&Sif;&Sif;rxm;?tarueEGif;awGvl;?rSdKif;wdkufeJYwpfudk,fvHk; Nynf0wfawGxGuf/tJ'gudk Nrefrmt,lt& wpfvrNynfYbJtcef;xJu rxkwf&bl;qdkNyD; wpfvNynfYrS vmNyawmY Nynf0wfawGuydk;uaoG;qdyfwufaeNyD/csrf;omwJY&yfuGufu vm&ufom;eJY uav;rSm 'DavmufNzpfatmif t,ltqawGacwfaemuf

    us&ovm;qdkNyD; aNymrdqdkrdcJYrSmawmY aocsmw,f?olwdkYawGwdkifovdk qufqHa&;raumif;bl;qdkwm trSefyJNzpfrSm?tNypfay;vnf;cH&rSmyJ}

    bk&m;a&...q&mausmfvdkvlawmif Xmeqdkif&mta&;,lppfaq;Ncif;cH&owJYvm;/

    a'gufwm,OfaoG; pdrfYceJ cHpm;vdkuf&onf/

    q&mrBuD;u NyHK;onf/

    ]tJ'guawmY tNypfay;vnf; tvGefqHk; aemufudkowdxm;ygyJaNymrSmyg?ukowJYtydkif;uawmY q&mausmf ay;xm;wmawG vlemrSwfwrf;xJrSmtcdkiftrm&SdaewmyJ?oD;oefYaqmifaecsifw,faNymwmudk oD;oefYaqmifrSmq&m0efwpfa,mufoyfoyfwm0efrcsEdkifao;vdkY

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    36/169

    ta&;BuD;wJYvlem rxm;&bl;vdkY rl&Sdw,fqdkNyD; Niif;wmvnf;tJ'Drludk uRefrwdkYuyJ cswmyJqdkawmY q&mausmf vGwfygw,f/wu,fawmY olwdkY q&mausmf*sLwDxGufNyD;rS vufrSwfxdk;qif;NyD; NywfoGm;wJYudpu t"duNyemvdkY uRefrxifwmyJ?uav; oem;p&maygYav?'gawGu 'DvdkyJ BuHK&wmygyJ q&mwdkY&,f?udk,fYbufuapwemrSef&ifwkefvSKyfraeygeJY?ar;wmom trSeftwdkif; aNzvdkuf?udpNyD;awmYarYypfvdkufyg?eufNzef ausmif;om;pmoifzdkYawGyJ b,fvdkpDpOfcJYrvJ}

    ]eufNzefu ]udka0} u ywf(wf)wl;?uRefawmfu ywf(wf)0rf;?tJ ..tdwfcsfattkyfpkvnf;

    oif&r,f?uRefawmf apmapmvma&mif;?tdwfcsfatoif?NyD;&if ]'D;tD;}ppfwJYpD oGm;&r,f?rruvnf; aq;ausmif;oGm;&rSmqdkawmY ywf(wf)0rf;udk udk,OfaoG;wpfcsdefavmuf oifcdkif;vdkuf&rvm; rr}

    ]ukd,OfaoG;u twef;wufzdkY&Sdvm;}

    ]naerSyg rr}

    ]tdkauav?oifcdkif;aygY?oifwef;om; pmroif&bl;vdkY rlrS r&Sdwm?NyD;awmY bGJYBudKaq;ausmif;om; pmoifw,fqdkwm olwdkY vkyfudkvkyf&r,fYvufawGYusifYcef;yJ?oifaygY}

    q&mrBuD;u ae&mrS xonf/q&mausmfu vufzuf&nfzdk;vk&Sif;rnfNyifawmY vufumNyonf/]uRefru vufzuf&nf BudKufvGef;vdkYom qif;aomufwm?tNrJtvkyf&SKyf t&ifvdkaewm q&mwdkY odvsufom;eJY?pxdkifuwnf;u &Sif;NyD;rS

    aomufaewm?uJ..oGm;NyD?NyD;rSudk,fYbmomudk,f &Sif;Bu}[kaNym okwfokwfxGufcGmonf/

    (2)

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    37/169

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    38/169

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    39/169

    rif;rvmcifuwnf;u aq;&HkwpfckvHk;ywfNyD; twif;aNymxm;NyD;om;}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG;u &,fonf/

    ]i,fi,fu rsm;rdwm [kwfygw,f q&m&,f?ckawmY wpfa,mufwnf;at;at;aq;aq;yg?NyD;awmY rSm;&atmif uRefawmfY&nfpm;a[mif;awGu'Dt&G,fav;awGrS r&SdawmYwm}

    aNym&if;uyif zswfceJ ]vif;vif;}\tm;i,f&dyfvTrf;aeaomrsuf0ef;uav;rsm;udk aNy;owd&rdonf/[if;..[kwfyg&JY/vif;vif;uawmYi,fao;wmyJ/onfaumif;rav;awGESifY

    rwdrf;r,drf;om &Sdrnfxifonf/(3)

    pmpoifaewkef;uawmY r0HYr&J/

    wpfcgrSvnf; pmu roifcJYzl;/NyD;awmY aemufqHk;ESpf tydkif;(u)twef;wifpmar;yGJwGif]uav;}bmom&yfudk rar;awmY onftwef; ausmif;olausmif;om;awGupmoifvQifpdwf0ifpm;rl enf;onf[kvnf; Bum;zl;onf/wu,foifawmY rxifrSwfbJ av;av;pm;pm; vdkufem;axmifBuwmawGY& tenf;i,ftm;&SdoGm;onf/wpfckyJ &Sdonf/

    aq;ausmif;olawGxJrSm oHcsdKif;axmufESifY ydkvD,dka&m*gonfuav;r uav;wpfOD;ygaeonf/oloif&onfY oifcef;pmuvnf; ]ydkvD,dk}taBumif;/tm;ememeSifYyif tao;pdwf qufaNym&onf/wu,fwrf;usawmYvnf; xdkrdef;uav;ESifYolr\b0wGif uyf

    vsufxdkifaeaom tom;ndKndK?rsufvHk;0dkif;0dkif; rdef;uav;wdkYupmoifNyD;wmawmifcsufcsif;xrNyefoGm;bJ ar;cGef;awG qufar;aeBuonf/

    ]'gqdk ydkvD,dku aq;xdk;rSm;&if Nzpfw,fqdkNyD; &yfuGufxJrSmvlawGaNymaeBuwm r[kwfbl;aygYaemf q&m}

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    40/169

    ]tif;..wdkuf&dkufawmY rqdkifbl;vdkY aNymEdkifw,f?ydkvD,dk;0if&iftrSefawmY trsm;pku &dk;&dk;wkyfauG;rdovdkyJ zsm;Buwm?tom;aq;xdk;vdkuf&if BuGufom;udkematmifoGm;vkyfvdkufawmY Adkif;&yfpfu taBumawG aoatmif vkyfwJYtxd tm;ay;ovdkawmYNzpfoGm;wmaygYav?trSefawmY ydk;u 0ifNyD;om;}

    ]orD; rdbawGvnf; orD;udk i,fi,fu aq;xdk;rSm;vdkYvdkYyJaNymaNymaeBuwm?'DaeY q&m&Sif;NyrS oabmaygufawmYwm}

    csdKif;axmufeSifY ausmif;oluav;u 0ifaNymonf/apmapmu ar;aeonfY

    rsufvHk;0dkif;0dkif;eSifY ausmif;oluav;u wpfckckqufar;rnf BuHpOf aemufuausmif;om;wpfa,mufvSrf;aemufonf/

    ][JY...xm;?eifYabmf'gawGtNyifrSm vmapmifYaeNyD?q&ma&'Daumifrav; ar;wdkif; raNzeJY?ol 0wKxJ xnfYa&;zdkY ukefBurf;pkaewm}

    ]xm;}[k tac:cH&onfY ausmif;olu &,f]a&;rSm?a&;rSm?igu

    q&maNymwm em;axmif&if; Zmwfvrf;awmif pDxm;NyD;NyD}[kaNzonf/csdKif;axmufeSifY ausmif;oluav;uyg &,f ]igYawmYxnfYra&;eJYaemf}[kqdkonf/a'gufwm,OfaoG;u]orD;u pma&;q&mvm;}[k ar;awmY olYuavmifemrnfudk aNymNyonf/[kwfom;yJ/'Demrnf awmfawmfawmif atmifNrifpNyKaeygaygY/pma&;q&mBuD; q&matmifoif;vGefcJYonfY 15eSpfcefYuwnf;u aemifqdkvQif q&m0efawGxJu pma&;q&mawGtrsm;BuD;xGufvmrnf[k a[m

    cJYwm rSefaeygaygYvm;[k awG;rdonf/olwdkYuav;awGESifYw&if;weSD; &,farmaNymqdk&if;u pmoifcef;xJu twlxGufcJYonf/xHk;pHtwdkif; tNcm;txyfrsm;rSpmoifNyD; oli,fcsif;rsm;udk vmapmifYaeBuonfY aq;ausmif;olausmif;om;tkyfBuD;ESifY wdk;onf/

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    41/169

    ]yef;rSHKygvm;}

    yef;rSHKu BunfvifpGm NyHK;onf/

    ]q&mu rSwfrdom;yJ}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG;u rvHkrvJNyHK; vufndK;wpfacsmif;axmifNyNyD; ]q&mvdkY rac:zdkYvnf;aNymxm;w,fav}[k qdkonf/

    ]q&m NzpfaeNyDyJ[m}

    ]rNzpfygbl;/q&mwpfa,muf rtm;vdkY tpm;oifay;wmyg?tvkyfoifq&mvdkY ac:&rvm;yJ}

    ]q&muvnf; aygufayguf&Sm&Sm?tvkyfoifq&m0efyJ Bum;zl;ygw,f}

    &,foHuav;rsm; a0pnfoGm;onf/

    (4)

    ]iguawmY tJonfavmufBuD;awmY rNzpfoifYblk;vdkY xifw,f}

    oli,fcsif; ruav;u ESmacgif;&SHK qdkonf/yef;rSHku

    bwfpfum;rSwfwdkif trdk;atmufrSaeylxJodkY acgif;NyLxGufBunfY]we*FaEGqdk um;u 'DavmufawmYNywfaeusyJ r[kwfvm;?eifu txl;tqef;vkyfvdkY}[k aNymawmY oli,fcsif;ruav;u &,fonf/

    ]um;aNymwm r[kwfbl;a[Y?eifYudk aNymwm}

    ]ig..igu bmNzpfvdkYvJ}

    ]bmNzpf&rvJ/[dkq&m eifYudk rSwfrdygw,fqdkNyD;eSKwfqufwJYaeYupNyD; eifYrsufESmu tm;tm;ae NyHK;aewm?igrSwfxm;wm av;&ufwdwd&SdNyD}

    oli,fcsif; av;OD;pvHk; 0dkif;&,fBuawmY yef;rSHK&Sufudk;&Sufuef;NzpfoGm;onf/

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    42/169

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    43/169

    bwfpfum;wpfpD; 0ifvmonf/eHygwfu yef;rSHKwdkYpD;rnfYum;r[kwfoNzifY quf&yfaeBuonf/a': NzLNzLaxG;ESifY tazmftrsdK;om;wdkYuum;qDtaNy;tvTm;csOf;uyfoGm;Buonf/

    ][,f...}

    yef;rSHk yg;pyfta[mif;om;NzpfoGm;onf/oli,fcsif;rsm;vnf;BuufaoaooGm;Buonf/

    ]q&m a'gufwm,OfaoG;ygvm;}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG;ESifY rNzLNzLaxG;wdkYuawmY xGufoGm;aom

    bwfpfum;ESifY ygoGm;Buonf/***********************

    4 b0qHk;wdkif

    a'gufwma&TaoG;ESifY

    ryef;rSHK

    b0qHk;wdkif

    4/b0qHk;wdkif

    (1)

    ]taru tay: xyfrSm}

    NzLNzLaxG;u a'gufwm,OfaoG;udkvSnfYBunfYwdk;wdk;aNymonf/a'gufwm,OfaoG;uacgif;ndwf ]tJ'DrSm wm0efusaewJY bGJYvGefausmif;om;

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    44/169

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    45/169

    a'gufwmrif;OD;u rsuf&dyfNyac: oNzifY a'gufwm,OfaoG;rodromNyHK;&if; a'gufwmrif;OD;\&Hk;cef;xJ vdkufcJYvdkufonf/

    ]b,frSmvJ?rif;aumfzD}

    ]aumfzD raNymeJY?"mwfbl;awmif r&Sdbl;?rif;udkppfaq;p&m&SdvdkY ac: vmwm}

    ]ig xifom;yJ}

    ]xifom;yJ vkyfraeeJY?rif;eJY NzLNzLaxG; Zmwfvrf;u NyD;NyD;qdk}

    ]at;av..av;ESpfavmufawmif&SdNyD}

    ]'gqdk b,fvkdvkyf rif;u ygvm&wmvJ}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG;u &,fonf/

    ]rif;OD;&,f..rif;vnf; igYtaBumif; od&ufom;eJY?igeJY&nf;pm;a[mif;awGeJYu rac:raNymrS r[kwfwm?ola&mufvmNyD; olYtaru tltwufa&mifvdkY cGJ&w,fwJY?tJ'Du q&mBuD;awGeJY cif&if vdkuftyfay;ygvdkY aNymvdkYvdkufvmwm}

    a'gufwmrif;OD;u &,fonf/

    ][m;..[m;...igaygY}

    ]rif;u cGJvdkYvm;}

    ]cGJwmu igYq&muG?igu ul&wmaygY?atmifrm...tltwufawmYigvnf;cGJwwfygw,f?vlem enf;enf;toufBuD;vdkY igYq&mu udk,fwdkifcGJwm?]Bumoyaw;}

    ]at;..igeJYu aomBumawGYwm?'gaBumifY ol raNymwm}

    &kwfw&uf a'gufwm,OfaoG; owd&oGm;onf/

    ]at;..[kwfyg&JY?rif;udk olu b,fvdkvkyf igYoli,fcsif;rSef;odoGm;wmvJ?rif;wdkYudk ig

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    46/169

    rdwfqufrS ray;zl;wm}

    a'gufwmrif;OD;u rvHkrvJ &,fonf/

    ]igYtNypfqdkygawmYuGm?olu olYtarudp ar;csifvdkYqdkNyD;vlemrSwfwrf;uav;udkifNyD; igwdkY&Hk;cef;xJ 0ifvmw,f?igu pma&;ae&mu armYBunfYNyD; aBomfrNzLNzLaxG;ygvm;vdkY&kwfw&uf aNymvdkufw,f}

    ]acG;aumif vkyfcsvdkufNyD}

    ]b,fwwfEdkifrvJuG?igYyg;pyfu tJovdkyJ trSwfwrJYyJ[m?tJ'golvnf;awmfawmftHYBo

    oGm;w,f?q&mu uRefrudk odvdkYvm;vdkY ar;w,f?igvnf;bmqufaNym&rvJ rodwmeJY?uJ...uJ...xdkifygOD; rNzLNzLaxG;&,f?bmnmaygY}

    ]awmfawmf'kuay;wJYaumif}

    ]em;axmifOD;?tJ'geJY aNym&wmaygY?'Dvdkyg uRefawmfu,OfaoG;eJY oli,fcsif;ygaygY}

    ]a[Yaumif}

    ]em;axmifygOD;qdk?tJ'g ,OfaoG;wdkY a'oaumvdyfwkef;u&dkufxm;wJY tkyfpkvdkuf"mwfyHkuRefawmf awGYzl;w,faygY?tJ'DrSm cifAsm;u &yfaewJYrdef;uav;awGxJrSm tvSqHk;qdkawmYuRefawmfuvnf; ar;rdwmaygY?'g b,folvJvdkY?emrnfawGudkodyfrSwfrdwwfwm?cifAsm;uvnf; 10 ESpfavmuftwGif;awmif &kyfu odyfraNymif;vdkYrSwfrdaewmygaygY}

    ]awmfao;wmaygY?rif;udk tkyfpkvdkuf"mwfyHkyg Nyzl;xm;vdkY}

    ]rif;olli,fcsif; 'DavmufrnHygbl;uG?'geJY oluawmif xyfar;ao;w,f?'gqdkudk,OfaoG;u q&mYudk uRefrtaBumif; tJoavmufyJ aNymNyzl;wmaygY?[kwfvm;wJY}

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    47/169

    ]tJ'DawmY rif;u bmaNymvdkufovJ}

    ][m..[kwfygw,f?tJonfavmufygyJ?wNcm; bmudkrSraNymNyxm;ygbl;vdkY ysmysmovJaNzvdkufwmaygYuG}

    ]acG;aumif aoprf;uGm}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG;u pmyGJay:rS aumufaygufp&mypnf;&SmaepOfa'gufwmrif;OD;u &,farm tcef;tNyif aNy;xGufoGm;ygawmY\/

    (3)

    ]&nf;pm;rsm;w,fwJY[}

    oli,fcsif;Nzpfolu pmtwlusufae&if; acgif;armYrBunfYbJwdk;wdk;aNymonf/ryef;rSHkuqwfceJ armYBunfYonf/

    ]eif b,folYudk aNymwmvJ}

    ]eifYa&TaoG;BuD;udk aNymwmav?ig pHkprf;BunfYNyD;NyD;?

    igYtpfudkxufwpfwef;BuD;u wufoGm;wm?ausmif;wkef;u pmawmfwma&m?olrsm;udk ulnDwwfwma&m?&nf;pm;rsm;wma&m emrnfBuD;wJY}

    ryef;rSHKu rodroma0Yvmaom rsuf&nfprsm;udkoli,fcsif;rsm;rNrifatmif acgif;NyefiHkvdkuf&if; ]pdwfr0ifpm;ygbl;[m?eifY b,folu pHkprf;cdkif;vdkYvJ}[ktai:wl;vdkufonf/

    ]pdwfb,f0ifpm;rvJ?yef;rSHKu pdkif;xD;qdkifoDcsif; qdkcsifaewm}

    wNcm;oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufu 0ifponf/]bmvJ}[k wpfa,mufu axmifay;onf/

    ]udk,f[m rif;&JYyxrqHk; rNzpfawmifrS udk,f[m rif;&JYaemufqHk;vlawmY wu,fNzpfyg&apuG,f}

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    48/169

    ]uJ...NzpfOD;...NzpfOD;}[k qdkum yef;rSHKu vufxJupmtkyfESifYvSrf;&dkufawmY tm;vHk;0dkif;&,fBuonf/

    ]wDcs,f oem;ygw,f[,f}

    wpfa,mufu tquftpyfr&Sd nnf;xGm;onf/ryef;rSHK Nyefai;idkifoGm;rdNyefonf/

    (4)

    nu 12 em&D/

    q&mausmfa&SYwGif aq;&Hkwuf uav;vlemig;a,muf prf;oyf&ef

    wef;pDapmifYaeqJ/q&mausmfa&m olyg npmrpm;&ao;/w*DG*DGNrnfaeaom Adkufudkrodrom owdxm;rd&if;ua'gufwm,OfaoG; q&mausmfYtem; r&Jw&JcsOf;uyfoGm;onf/

    ]bmvJ[ aumifav;}

    ]q&m uav;wpfa,mufavmuf BunfYay;rvm;}

    ]aNym...bmNzpfvdkYvJ}

    ]udk&ifav; q&m?touf8 ESpfyJ&Sdao;w,f?bmrSrNzpfbJ &kwfw&ufrsufpdESpfzufpvHk;uG,foGm;wmwJY?uRefawmfvnf; tJ'grsdK; wpfcgrS rNrifzl;bl;}

    q&mausmfu a&;vufp vlemrSwfwrf;udkcs rsufarSmufBuKwfumpOf;pm;aeonf/

    ]igvnf; rNrifzl;bl;?vufawG aNcawGa&m}

    ]taumif;yJ q&m?uRefawmf acgufvnf; acgufBunfYNyD;NyD?owdvnf;aumif;aumif;&w,f}

    ]rsufpdxJa&m BunfYNyD;NyDvm;}

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    49/169

    ]zef;'yfpfvnf; aemfr,fyJ q&m?NyLy,fvfvnf; aemfr,fyJ}

    ]rif; bmaNymvdkufw,f}

    ]NyLy,fvf aemfr,fvdkY}

    ]'gqdk Nyemu aumwufpf(OD;aESmuf)rSmuG?&kwfw&ufNzpfwmqdkawmY AufpusLvm(aoG;aBum )yJ Nzpf&r,f?rif; aoG;aygifcsdefNyD;NyD;vm;}

    ][m...tJ'g usefoGm;w,f}

    ]acG;aumifav;...oGm;csdefacs}

    aoG;aygifcsdefawmY udk&ifuav;\ aoG;aygifcsdefu 180/100/[kwfyg&JY/aNcaxmufrSvnf; tem&GwfA&yGeJY/rsufcGHu rdkYrdkYuav;Nzpfaeonf/

    ausmufuyfa&mif aoG;wdk;&mursufpduG,foGm;Ncif;/aoG;aygifusap&ef aomufaq;rsm;ay; zdtm;cs taBumaq;oGif;vdkufonf/wpfem&DtwGif;rSmrsufvSnfYNyvdkufovdkyifudk&ifuav; rsufpdNyefNrifoGm;onf/0rf;omvHk;qdkYaeBuaomrdbrsm;u vufzuf&nf

    ESifY rkefYrsm; vmay;onf/q&mausmfu&,fonf/

    ]xrif;pm;zdkYvnf; tm;awmYr,frxifygbl;uGm?'gawGeJYyJwdkYESpfa,mufnpmvGwfpm;BupdkY}xdknu olwdkYESpfa,muf tdwfvnf; rtdwfvdkuf&yg/u0bufrSyavmyDeHOokwfpm;&mu tqdyfoifYNyD; rdom;wpfpktwGif;rSmuav;av;a,mufNydKifwla&mufvm wpfnvHk;tpmtdrfaq;aeBu&onf/

    xdk uav;av;a,muf\ toufudk olwdkY u,fvdkufEdkifaomfvnf; u0wGifuav;BuD;wpfa,muf qHk;cJYNyD;aBumif; odawmYpdwfraumif;Nzpf&Nyefonf/reuf 7 em&Dxdk;awmYq&mausmfu vlemtpD&ifcHpm a&;ae&mrS pmtkyfudk odrf; xonf/

    ]vm aumifav;?uifwif;oGm;r,f?wdkY npmvGwfNyD;NyD?

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    50/169

    reufpmxyfvGwfvdkY rNzpfbl;?rif;a&m iga&m 'Dreuf Nyef&rSmrS r[kwfwm}

    ]q&mausmf oGm;av?uRefawmf 'DyDavmyDeHtkyfpk pdwfrcsvdkYapmifYBunfYvdkufOD;r,f?olwdkYrSm wpfa,mufuvnf; qHk;xm;awmY}

    q&mausmfu &,fonf/

    ]a[mufpfqm*sifeJY xm;cJYprf;yguGm?rif;uav;awGbmrSrNzpfawmYbl;?ig ZufNzwfaBu;awmif avmif;&Jw,f}

    ]bmvdkYvJ q&m&JY}

    ][aumif&..yDavmeHqdkwm qdkif,mEdkuftqdyfav?rif;arYaeNyDvm;?aop&m&Sd csufcsif;aowm?[dku0rSm aowJYwpfa,mufu tJ'gaBumifY r&SdawmYbl;}

    ][kwfom;yJ?at;Asm...tpuwnf;u rpm;Bu NyD;a&m}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG;vnf; ypnf;odrf; tvkyfoifq&m0efudk rSmBum;NyD;q&mausmfESifYatmufxyfodkY twlqif;cJYBuonf/

    ]q&mausmfYtrSKu NyD;oGm;NyDvm;}

    ]xifyg&JYuGm?bmrSrvmawmYbl;?tNypf&Sdw,fqHk;Nzwf&iftenf;qHk;Nyif;xefpGm owday;vdkufonfawmY vmrSmaygY}

    ]awmfao;wmaygY?q&mausmfvdk wufBuGwJY q&mwpfa,mufpdwf"mwfusp&mNzpf&if vlemawGeJY ausmif;om;awGyJ epfemrSm}

    q&mausmfu &,f ]igYpdwf"mwfuvnf; usudk ruswwfwmuG}[kaNymonf/

    ]'geJY q&mausmfu bmvdkY rNyefwmvJ?'DaeY pmoifcsdefawGzsufxm;w,fqdk?[dk w&kwfNynfu Ak'NrwfpG,fawmfa&mufaewm oGm;zl;zdkY aq;ausmif;u

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    51/169

    um;awG pDpOfxm;w,fqdk}

    q&mausmfu acgif;ndwfNyonf/

    ]tJ'gaBumifY rNyefwmaygYuG?igvnf; oGm;zl;rvdkY?udk,fY[mudk,foGm;&if ntdwfyg wef;pD&wm?tck aq;ausmif;tpDtpOfeJYusawmY cPyJ pD&rSm?rif;ygvdkufcJY}

    ]&vdkYvm; q&mausmf&JY?uRefawmfu q&mtppfrS r[kwfwm}

    ]igvnf; q&mtppfr[kwfygbl;uGm}

    ]aeYwdkif;oifaewm q&mtppfr[kwfvdkY}

    q&mausmfu &,f ]igar;cJYNyD;NyDuG?tpDtpOfuausmif;olausmiff;om;awG&,f?aq;wuodkvf(1)u vcxkwfwJYq&m/q&mrawG&,fyJ ygw,fwJY?uav;aq;&HkBuD;uae vcxkwfNyD; pmawmYoifay;&wJY q&mawG vdkufcJYvdkYr&bl;wJY?vlOD;a& uefYowfxm;w,fwJY}[k aNymonf/

    ]'gqdk}

    ]ausmif;om;vkyfvdkufrvdkYuG?igYwynfYawGuaq;wuodkvf(1)Ak'bmomtoif;u zJNym;wHqdyfawG igYay;xm;w,f?tJ'gq&mum;eJY vdkufroGm;bJ ausmif;olausmif;om;um;eJY a&mvdkufoGm;rvdkY?ig33ESpfawmifausmif;om;*dkufzrf;vdkY&&if rif; 29ESpfu &wmaygY?tJ'g igeJYvdkufcJY?uav;awGurif;eJYvnf; cifNyD;om;yJ?twef;r&Sdbl;r[kwfvm;}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG; acgif;ndwf ]tif;av...uRefawmfwdkYudk

    oifr,fUq&mawGvnf; ygoGm;rSmqdkawmY ][kaNzonf/

    (5)

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    52/169

    ]tpfudku uav;aq;&Hkuvm;}

    aq;wuokdvfu pDpOfxm;aom [D;Edk;um;BuD;ay:wGifausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;tBum;q&mausmfESifY ab;csif;,OfxdkifaepOf wpfcgrS rNrifzl;aomausmif;oluav;wpfa,mufu vmar;onf/q&mausmfu Nywif;aygufbufvSnfY wdk;wdk;Budwf&,fonf/

    ][kwfygw,f}

    ]ywf(wf)wl;awG nae vufcsm&Sdvm;[if}

    ]tJ'gawmY aoaocsmcsm rodbl;}

    ][if..tpfudku ywf(wf)wl;u r[kwfvm;}a'gufwm,OfaoG; bmNyefaNz&rSef;rodcifwGifolYaemufwnfYwnfYcHkrS rdef;uav;oHwpfoH ay:vmonf/

    ][JY...rdpdk;?'g wdkYq&m[JY?wdkYeJY twl pG,fawmfzl;csifvdkYvdkufvmwm?ausmif;om;r[kwfbl;}

    vSnfYBunfYawmY &if;ESD;NyD;om; rsuf0ef;uav;wpfpHkudk

    awGY&onf/

    ]aBomf..yef;rSHK}

    a&SYwnfYwnfYu rdpdk;qdkonfY ausmif;oluav;uawmY vuftkyfuav;csD]uefawmYaemf q&m?uefawmY?q&mYudk i,fi,fxifaevdkY}[ktm;wHktm;emqdkonf/

    ]&ygw,f?wdkYuvnf; ausmif;om;a,mifaqmifvmwmyJOpm}[k

    aNzvdkufonf/

    ]uJ...ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ qif;BuygwJY?ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ wef;pD0ifNyD;zl;&r,fwJY?q&mausmfeJY igeJY wGJw,f?q&maoG;eJY b,folwGJrvJ}

    Ak'bmomtoif;0if trSKaqmif ausmif;om;u

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    53/169

    avmaqmfonf/a,mifcsmcsmESifY aemufNyefvSnfYBunfYawmY ryef;rSHkuNyHK;acgif;ndwfNyonf/

    (6)

    ]oifBum;a&;wGifa&m ukoa&;wGifyg xl;cRef trsm;tusdK;udkpGrf;pGrf;wrHaqmif&GufEdkifaom uav;txl;ukq&m0efBuD;wpfOD; Nzpf&ygvdk\bk&m;}

    ndKarmif;armif; a&mifNcnfawmf&SdonfY Ak'NrwfpG,fawmfudkOD;cdkuf&if;a'gufwm,OfaoG;qkawmif;vdkufonf/

    avmuDa&;&mqkrdkY awmif;aumif;\?rawmif;\awmY aoaocsmcsmrod/ab;vSnfYBunfYawmY ryef;rSHKqdkonfY aq;ausmif;olvSvSuav;onfrsufvHk;ESpfzufrSdwf vuftkyfcsDvsufu NidrfoufpGm qkawmif;aeygonf/

    (7)

    ]yef;rSHk aNymqdk[m}

    oli,fcsif;ru pdwfr&Snf[efNzifY aqmifYonf/

    ryef;rSHku &,f]igYqkawmif;u igYvQdK0SufcsufyJ?igaNymcsifrSaNymrSmaygY}[k qdkonf/

    ]eifeJY igwdkYBum;rSm vQdKY0Sufp&m &SdvdkYvm;?eifodyfaps;rudkifeJY?aNymcsifaNym?raNymcsifae}

    aemufoli,fcsif;wpfOD;u twnfaygufESifY0ifa[mufonf/yef;rSHKrsufESmuav; rcsdKrcsOf vkyfNyvdkufonf/

    ]igaNymNy&if 'DoHk;a,muffuvGJNyD; b,folrS rodaBu;}

    ]pdwfcs}

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    54/169

    ]igYudkvnf; rql&bl;}

    yef;rSHK rsufESmuav;wnfoGm;onf/vSyaom rsuf0ef;wpfpHkrSmaqG;NrnfY&dyf ay:vmonf/

    ]igav tcktwlwlzl;aewJYoleJY wefcdk;BuD;bk&m;aygif;rsm;pGmudkwpfb0vHk; rBumcPtwlwlzl;cGifY&vdkyg\vdkY qkawmif;vdkufwm[}

    oli,fcsif;rsm;tm;vHk; BuufaoaooGm;onf/tawmfBumatmifpum;rqdkEdkifBu/

    yxrOD;qHk; p ouf0ifvSKyf&Sm;vmolu ryef;rSHK\ycHk;uav;udk

    zGzGzufvdkufonf/rsufawmifzsm;wGif wG,fuyfpNyKvmaom rsuf&nfpuav;udkwpf&SL;uav;eSifY zGzGokwfay;onf/

    ]yef;rSHK&,f..eif wu,fyJaygYaemf?igwdkYtm;vHk;u eif&,fp&marmp&m aNymaew,frSwfaeBuwm?ckawmY[,f}

    ryef;rSHK bmrSNyefraNzyg/

    *******************

    5 &ifawGckefaeonf

    a'gufwma&TaoG;

    ESifY

    ryef;rSHK

    &ifawGckefaeonf

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    55/169

    5/&ifawGckefaeonf

    ]&efatmif}

    ]&dSygw,f}

    ]&Jatmif}

    ]&Sdygw,f}

    ]rdkYrdkYNrifYatmif}

    ]&Sdygw,f}

    ]aNyNidrf;}]&Sdygw,f}

    ]arm arm&pf}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG; rdrdrsufpdudk rdrd r,HkEdkifovdk uav;emrnfpm&if;udk wpfacgufNyefzwfrdonf/Nrpf0uRef;ay: NrdKYuav;wpfNrdKY\qifaNczHk;&Sd&Gmuav;wpf&GmwGif a'gufwm

    ,OfaoG; a&muf&Sdaewmyg/udpuawmYolYaq;ynmr[modyH(uav;usef;rma&;ynm)bGJYvGefusrf;i,ftwGuf uGif;qif;okawoeNyKaewmyg/

    ynmwwf rdbr&Sdoavmuf enf;yg;aom&GmrdkY uav;awGudk emrnfrSnfY&mwGif odyfOD;aESmufaNcmufcH pOf;pm;raebJ BunfYzl;&mNrefrm&Sif&kifZmwfum;wdkYrSrif;om;?rif;orD;emrnfrsm;udk tvG,fay;wwfaBumif; raeYua&mufcJYaom &Gmuwnf;u odNyD;rdkY &efatmif?&Jatmif?rdkYrdkYNrifYatmif?aNyNidrf;?onfe

    mrnfrsm;udk olYtwGuf tHYBop&mr[kwfcJYayr,fY onfemrnfwpfcku awmfawmfxl;qef;aeonf/

    ]arm&pfaumvpf}

    ]&Sdygw,f}

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    56/169

    EGrf;EGrf;yg;yg;yHkpH uav;tarwpfOD;u aNzonf/olY&ifcGifxJrSmtusDrygbJ abmif;bD aBu;vufav;opfESifY acG0iftdyf&if;utarYEdkYudk pdkYaeaom acgif;wHk;ESifY onfwpfESpfausmfausmft&G,f uav;i,fonf ]aer0ifbk&ifrsm;}trnf&Sdurmausmfpmtkyfudk a&;cJYonfY pma&;q&marm&pfaumvpfawmY rNzpfEdkifwm aocsmvSonf/

    ]toufu wpfESpfcGJaemf}

    ]ausmfNyDaygY?wpfESpf?wpfESpfcGJyJ a&;vdkufav}

    ]arG;aeY rrSwfrdbl;vm;}

    ]uRefru pmrwwfbl;?olYtazyJ rSwfxm;wm?olYtazvmrS ar;}

    ]olYtazu vmrSmvm;}

    ]tdrfawmY NyefvmrSmaygY}

    ]r[kwfbl;av?'DudkaNymwm}

    olwdkYwpfawG &Gmrlvwef;ausmif;uav;wGif pka0;aeBuNcif;Nzpfonf/

    ]'D...'DawmY b,fvmrvJ}

    ]b,foGm;vdkYvJ}

    ]wHigyJ?a&xJoGm;wmaygY}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG;ESifY uav;tar tar;taNzvkyfaeBuonfudk em;axmifaq;okawoeOD;pD;XmerS ygvmaomuGif;qif;"mwfcGJuRrf;usifa,mufsm;av;ESpfOD;ESifY rdef;uav;wpfOD;wdkY [efraqmifEdkifbJ toHxGuf &,farmaeBuygonf/

    ]arm&pfaumvpfqdkwJY emrnf olYtaz ay;wmvm;}

    ][kwfw,f}

    ]bmvlrsdK;vJ}

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    57/169

    ]NrefrmygyJ?uRefrawmif aNymao;w,f?&SifY[mBuD;u bmBuD;rSef;vJrodbl;vdkY?olu olodyfBudKufwJY pma&;q&mvdkY aNymwmyJ}

    ]olu ynm b,favmufwwfovJ}

    ]ausmif;BuD;awmY wufw,faNymwmyJ?twef;awmY uRefrvnf; rod}

    &GmcH t&Hom;zGm;q&mrav;u &,farmae&mu raeEdkifawmYbJ ]udkat;aomif;u pmay;pm,leJY bGJY&NyD;om;?pmawmY odyfzwfwm?tdrfrSm olpkxm;wJYpmtkyfa[mif;awGqdk trsm;BuD;yJ?orD;wdkYawmif oGm;oGm;Xm;zwfao;w,f?'Duav;u orD;yJarG;ay;xm;wm?uav;

    arG;aeY orD;pmtkyfxJrSm rSwfxm;wm &Sdygw,f}[k 0iftaNzay;onf/][l;...awmfao;wmaygY}

    aq;okawoe OD;pDXmerS ygvmaom "mwfcGJuRrf;usifa,mufsm;uav;wpfOD;u &,farmae&mu ]q&maoG; eufNzefqdk&ifaum oufomygNyD?tpmaBu&ifacsmifawmif NzpfoGm;OD;r,f}

    ]bmvdkYvJ}

    ][m..q&m rodao;bl;vm;?aq;(1)uaemufqHk;ESpf tydkif;(u)ausmif;om;?ausmif;olawG uGif;qif;a&mufvmr,fav?NrdKYe,fq&m0efBuD;u reufNzefawmYuRefawmfwdkYeJYxnfYay;vdkufr,fwJY?q&maoG; pm&if;aumufwmawGvnf; olwdkYulvkyf&if;u &Gmuaus;vufusef;rma&;Xme vkyfief;awGvnf; avYvmygapwJY?eufNzefuRefawmfwdkYu ]usHK;'g;}ul;rSmqdkawmY ]usHK;'g;}u oGm;apmifY

    ?q&maoG;awmY tazmfvnf;&?ausmif;olvSvSav;awGyg&if &ifvnf;acsmif?raumif;bl;vm;}

    "mwfcGJuRrf;usif rdef;uav;u rsufapmif;xdk; ]aNymawmY q&maoG;?NyD;awmY olyJirf;aerSm}[k qdkonf/

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    58/169

    aemufqHk;eSpf tydkif;(u)/

    rsuf0ef;vSvSuav; wpfpHkudk a'gufwm,OfaoG;aNy;owd&rdonf/emrnfvnf; vSvSuav;yg/bmwJY?ryef;rSHK?[kwfw,f/olwdkYtkyfpkaq;&HkaNymif;oGm;uwnf;u rqHkNzpfwmeSpfvavmufawmY &SdNyDxifonf/aemifESpfqef;txdvnf;qHkp&mtaBumif;r&SdawmY/'gawmif onfrsuf0ef;uav;awGudk wpfcsufwpfcsufowd&aeao;onf/t"duuawmYonfrsuf0ef;uav;awGxJu odyfxl;qef;onfY &if;eSD;aEG;axG;rSKudkyg/

    awmf..awmf...,OfaoG;/rif; ri,fawmYbl;/i,fi,fuwkef;uvdkrdef;rvSuav;wpf

    a,muf tem;rSm&Sdwmudk om,maewwfwJYpdwfawG azsmufawmY/oluav;uvnf; BunfY&wm tawmfNzLpifyHk&onf/tdk;...'guvnf; igeJYbmqdkifvdkYvJ/cktcdsefrSm bGJYvGef&NyD; uav;txl;ukq&m0efNzpfzdkYu t"dub0vufwGJazmfqdkwmua&pufygwJY rdef;uav; olY[mol taBumif;rsdK;pHk wdkufqdkifNyD;tem;udk a&mufvmwwfwmrsdK;/i,fi,fuvdk awGYorQ rdef;rvSuav;wGeJY&if;ESD;cifrifypfwwfwJY tavYtx

    awmY azsmufawmYrS/

    ]armifa&csrf;}

    ]&Sdygw,f}

    a&puftaBumif; pOf;pm;rdef;armae&mu apmapmu "mwfcGJuRrf;usifa,mufsm;uav;ukef;atmfvdkuftoHaBumifY a'gufwm,OfaoG; vefYwkefwufoGm;onf/NyD;rS t&SufaNy

    ]'gusawmY rif;om; emrnf?pma&;q&m emrnf r[kwfygvm;}[kaNym&onf/

    (2)

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    59/169

    oabFmi,fu vSKyfoGm;oNzifY a&vSdKif;rsm;u ausmufurf;yg;,HudkaNy;&dkufonf/a&pufuav;rsm; vGifYpOfvmawmY oabFmi,fay:rS qif;zdkY xdyfqHk;u&yfapmifYaeonfY ryef;rSHKudk aNy;pifonf/

    ][JY...yef;rSHK?owdxm;}

    [kwfyg&JY/

    oabFmuvnf; emrnfuom oabFm/t&G,ftpm;uyJYcsdwfomom&Sdonf/oabFmay:rSurf;yg;,HqDoGm;&rnfY vrf;u0g;vHk;oHk;vHk;udkrnDrnmuacsmfucRwf wef;xm;aom

    wHwm;uav;/ab;wGifawmY 0g;vHk;&SnfwpfvHk;udkvuf&ef;oabmrsdK; wef;ay;xm;yg&JY/avu w[l;[l;wdkufaeNyD; atmufa&NyifESifY 0g;vHk;u ta0;BuD;rdkYBunfY&wmESifYtonf;xdwfp&m/atmufua&uawmY euf?reufrod/uav;i,frsm;uawmYziftaNymifom;ESifY &TYHa&mifaygufaeonfY a&xJwGiful;cwfaeBuonf/]vlBuD;awGawmY rygavmufygbl;aemf?igu xbDeJY olwdkYtay:u avQmuf&OD;rSm}[kvnf; rvHkrvJawG;rdNyefonf/

    ]yef;rSHK OD;xkyfrSm ar;BudK;&Sdovm;}

    aemufu ]owdk;}vSrf;ar;oHudk Bum;& vSnfYBunfYNyD;acgif;cgNyrdonf/ryef;rSHKu aeyl'PfcHEdkif&ef ESD;OD;xkyfNzL aqmif;xm;ygonf/

    ]BudK;ryg&if avwdkuf&if vGifYwwfw,f?vGifY&if a,mifNyD;vSrf;rqGJeJYaemf?vGifYygap?awmfBum t&SdefvGefNyD; atmufusrSmpdk;vdkY}

    ][JY...owdk;?igYemrnf EG,feDaemf? igYOD;xkyfrSmvnf;ar;BudK;rygbl;?odvm;}

    ryef;rSHKaemufu uyfvsuf&yfaeaom oli,fcsif;ruav;u vSnfYtai:wl;awmY oli,fcsif;&Spfa,mufpvHk; oHNydKif&,frdBuonf/ryef;rSHKuawmY

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    60/169

    &SufNyHK;uav; NyHK;&if; onfc&D;rxGufrDu EG,feD aNymcJYaom pum;udk zswfceJaNy;owd&rdonf/

    ]yef;rSHK..eif bmrS tlaBumifaBumifvkyfraeeJY?yDtufpfftrfXmeuwdkYudk rdef;uav; 8 a,muftzGJY ay;zGJYrSmvnf; r[kwfbl;?[dkaumifowdk;u olY[mol olYudk 0dkif;ac:wJYtzGJYawG &SdNyD;om;?eif tkyfpkzGJYwm a,mufsm;av;rygvdkYNyemNzpfaer,frSef;odvdkY eifYrsufESmeJY vmaygif;wm?eifuyJ tifwifwif vkyf&ao;w,f}

    ][JY...raNyvnfwmawmY raNyvnfbl;aygY?'gayrJY udk,fYudk&nf;pm;pum;aNymxm;NyD; udk,fNiif;xm;wJYvlu udk,feJYtzGJYzGJYcsifygw,faNymwm vufcHvdkuf&if 'DuGif;qif;wJYudpvnf; orD;&nf;pm;twGJawG xGufvGef;vdkY XmerSL;udkawmif

    zl;pma&;ewfBuD;vdkYac:ac:aeBuwm?igu ododBuD;eJY vufcHvdkufawmY olYudkqufvdkufcGifYay;vdkufovdkraebl;vm;}

    ]aeaygY..bmNzpfvJ?eif taNzay;ao;wmrS r[kwfwm?vdkufygap?igwdkYvnf; ygwmyJ?owdk;uvnf; eifYudk 'DavmufaBuGwm?'Davmuf wefzdk;xm;wm?eifaNEysufr,fYudpbmvkyfrSmwJYvJ}

    ]eifYyHkpHuvnf; owdk;udkyJ igeJY oabmwlaeovdkyJ}

    ]wlw,fa[Y...wlw,f?eifYa&TaoG;BuD;u toufvnf;BuD;ao;?&nf;pm;vnf;rsm;ao;?eifYudkvnf; zkwfavwJYig;yd &Sdw,fvdkYawmif rxif?tckyJ rawGYwmESpfvavmuf&SdaeNyD?a0;vufpeJY arYypfvdkufawmY?igwdkYuawmY owdk;yJ oabmusw,f}

    ]at; tJ'gqdk eif ,lvdkuf}

    ,ckvnf; owdk;u av;aomtxkyftydk;rsm; oGm;o,faecdkufryef;rSHKtrSwfwrJYxGufvmcJYNzpf a&SYqHk; a&mufoGm;Ncif;yg/tJ'gudk pdwfyl aemufuvdkufowday;aeoNzifY eG,feDu pNcif;Nzpfonf/

    wHwm;av;ay: pavQmufvdkufawmY oHk;vHk;wnf;aom 0g;vHk;wdkYu

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    61/169

    usdK;usdK;usnfusnfNrnf ab;b,fnmodkY vdrfYarsmBuawmY ryef;rSHK [efcsufurcdkifcsif/avuvnf; xbDuav; wzsyfzsyfcgatmif w[l;[l;wdkufonf/owdk; owday;pum;udktrSwfw&pGmNzifYacgif;u wzsyfzsyfcgaeaom OD;xkyfudk rodcsif[efaqmifqufavQmufcJYonf/wHwm;tv,favmufta&mufwGifawmY owdk;cefYrSef;ovdkyif OD;xkyfuavxJvGifYygoGm;onf/a&xJNyKwfusoGm;aom OD;xkyfudk wa[;a[;atmf uav;rsm;0dkif;vkBuonf/

    ]yef;rSHK owdxm;?a&SYudkyJ BunfY}

    owdk;u vSrf;atmfaeonf/ryef;rSHK a&SYudkvSrf;BunfYawmYausmufurf;yg;,HqD ckeful;Edkifavmufatmif reD;ao;/0g;vHk;oHk;vHk;wef; wHwm;yif tv,frSmwpfauG;pm auG;aeao;onf/'l;wkefwkefESifYyif a&SYqufavQmufcJYonf/urf;yg;pGef;udkNrifonfYtcdsefusawmYratmifYEdkifawmYbJ vufvGwfaNcvGwfckefwufvdkufonf/&ifxJwGifat;ceJNzpfoGm;NyD;rSNrJNrHaom vufwpfzufu rdrdvufzsHudk

    zrf;qGJqkyfudkifay;xm;NyD;om; urf;yg;pGef;wGif&yfaerdonfudkawGY&onf/rdrdvufudk zrf;qGJay;oludkaus;Zl;wifpGmNzifY armYBunfY vdkufonf/wnfNidrf Bunfvifaom uefa&NyifESifwlonfY rsufvHk;wpfpHkESifYyufyif;wdk;rdonf/

    ]q&m}

    yg;pyfu onfvdkac:vdkufrdonf xif\/toHawmY xGufrvm/

    (3)

    NyKwfusvkqJqJNzpfwmudk vefYckefonfY&ifyifayyJvm;/b,fvdkrSrarQmfvifYxm;onfYae&m?b,fvdkrS rarQmfvifYxm;onfYtcdsefwGif tNrJwrf;awGYcsifaecJYonfYoludk &kwfw&uf awGY

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    62/169

    vdkuf& BunfEl;&Tifvef;pGmckefonfY &ifayyJvm;awmYrod/

    aus;vufusef;rma&;XmewGif oli,fcsif;tm;vHk;a&m?a'gufwm,OfaoG;ESifY aq;okawoetzGJY0iftm;vHk;yg xdkifrdonfYtcsdeftxd ryef;rSHK&ifawGw'dkif;'dkif;ckefaeqJ/EG,feDuyif ryef;rSHKem; wdk;wdk;uyf ]rdef;r&,f ig zsufvdkYvnf;ysufawmYrSmr[kwfbl;eJY wlw,f?eifwdkY a&pufu qHkqHkEdkifvGef;w,f}[k aNymonf/

    a'gufwm,OfaoG;u a&aEG;Burf;u&m;udkudkifyef;uefvHK;uav;rsm;xJodkY wpfvHk;pDxnfYay;&if; wpfa,mufcsif;urf;ay;onf/*emrNidrfaom&ifudk oufNyif;wpfcsufNzifY wnfNidrfatmifBudK;pm;&if; ryef;rSHK ae&mrSxa'gufwm,OfaoG;em; 0ifxdkifNyD;

    a&aEG;Burf;yef;uefudk vSrf;,lvdkufonf/]q&mu yef;rSHKudk wHwm;ay:rSmwnf;u rSwfrdaewmvm;}

    NyHK; acgif;ndwfNyonf/

    ]yDtufpftrf ,leDazmif; *smuifBuD;vnf; 0wfxm;?OD;xkyfBuD;vnf;aqmif;xm;?z&dkz&JeJYq&m b,fvdkvkyfrSwfrdvJ}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG;u wdk;wdk;&,fonf/

    ]aNym&ifawmY ,HkygYrvm; rodbl;?uGif;qif;wJY aq;ausmif;om;?ausmif;olawG vmr,fqdkuwnf;u ryef;rSHKwdkYrsm; Nzpfrvm;awmYrodbl;vdkYawG;aerdw,f?tJ'geJY oGm;BudKr,fYtzGJYudk ]aeOD;...igygvdkufr,f}qdkNyD; vdkufvmBunfYwm?a&SYqHk;u ryef;rSHKqif;vmawmYwef;odaygY?usrvdk...usrvdkNzpfaewmvnf;awGYa&m pdwfylNyD;wHwm;pyfu qif;apmifYae

    wm?ckefwufvdkufawmY wpfcgwnf; zrf;qGJvdkufwm}

    ryef;rSHK rsufvHk;vSefBunfYonf/

    a'gufwm,OfaoG;u ryef;rSHKBunfYvdkufonfudk owdrlrd[efrwlbJa&SYupm&GufyHkwpfyHkudk tay:atmuf pDaeonf/q&m tckaNymvdkufwJY

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    63/169

    pum;wpfcGef;wnf;eJYwif wpfreufvHk; aeylxJrSm oabFmpD;cJY&wJY'kuawGtm;vHk;arYoGm;&avmufatmif &ifxJudk at;Nrapw,fqdkwm od&JYvm;q&m/odyHkray:yg/EG,feDYbufudkvSnfYBunfYawmY EG,feDuryef;rSHkudk rsufapmif;xdk;Nyygonf/

    (4)

    wppfppfudkufaom acgif;rS a0'emaBumifY ryef;rSHKtdyfaysmfae&mrS vefYEdk;vmonf/wpfudk,fvHk;vnf; &Sdef;&Sdef;zdef;zdef;Nzpfaeonf/tmacgifawGvnf;ylemaeonf/acgif;tHk;atmufwGif xm;xm;aom vufESdyf"mwfrD;udk,l zGifYBunfYawmY

    ESpfa,muftdyfNcifaxmifwpfckxJrSm olYudk ausmay; tdyfaeaom EG,feDudkawGY&onf/

    ]EG,feD...EG,feD...}

    tomt,m vSKyfEdSK;vdkufawmY ttdyfqwfaom EG,feDucsufcsif;Edk;vmonf/

    ]bmvJ[if yef;rSHK}[k ar;onf/

    ]ig zsm;aeovm; rodbl;}

    EG,feDu ryef;rSHKezl;udk prf;BunfY]at;[...ylNcpfaewmyJ}[k qdkumtwltdyfaeaom rdef;uav;ESpfOD;udkyg ESdK;vdkufum ]eifwdkYbmaq;ygvJ}[k ar;onf/

    ]yg&mpDwarmavmufawmY ygwmaygY[?'gayrJY eifu ylNcpfaewmyJ?tifwDbdkifatmwpf(ydk;owfaq; )vdkr,fxifw,f?igwdkYNrdKYe,fq&m0efBuD;

    oGm;ac: vdkuf&rvm;}]q&mBuD; &SdrSmr[kwfbl;?ykodrf tpnf;ta0;oGm;r,fvdkYaNymoHBum;w,f?ausmif;usef;rma&;u q&m0efrrudk vTJoGm;wm}

    ]'kuyJ?tJ'Drru NrdKYxJrSmaewm}

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    64/169

    ]&ygw,f?igYudk yg&mpDwarmyJay;}

    EG,feDu pdwfyl[efrsufESmNzifYtHYBudwfpOf;pm;aeonf/aemufawmYrS owd&[efNzifY ][JY...eifYa&TaoG;BuD; &Sdw,fav?[dkbuf owdk;wdkYwnfwJYtaqmifrSmyJ?igaNy;ac:vdkufr,f}[kaNymonf/ryef;rSHKu acgif;cgNyonf/

    ]aeygap[m...olu uGif;qif; pm&if;vmaumufwm?aq;awGbmawGb,fygrvJ?NyD;awmYuav;txl;ukq&m0efOpm}

    ][JY...uav;txl;ukq&m0efqdkwm vlBuD;rukwwfwmrS r[kwfwm?

    taxGaxGavmufawmY wwfwmaygY?NyD;awmY uav;awGprf;&if;eJY vdk&ifaq;awGxkwfay;aewm awGYom;yJ?tomae?ig oGm;ac:cJYr,f}

    EG,feD rdef;uav;tazmfwpfOD;udk ac: vSpfceJxGufcGmoGm;onf/cPaeawmY pdwfyl[efrsufESmESifY a'gufwm,OfaoG;tNyifpdwftvGefylae[efrsufESmaygufaeaom owdk;ESifYoli,fcsif;rsm;yg ygvmBuonf/

    olwdkY rvmcifwGifyif yg&mpDwarmESpfvHk; BudKaomufxm;aomryef;rSHKu a'gufwm,OfaoG; tm;wHkYtm;em[efNzifY wD&Syfay:rS em;Buyfaxmufprf;oyfaepOfyif acR;awGpNyefvmonf/&ifuawmYw'dkif;'dkif; ckefaewkef;/tzsm;aoG;aBumifYyJckefovm;?udk,f wpfzufowfcspfrdae&molu BuifempGm prf;oyfukoay;aeonfudkBunfEl;pdwfNzifYyif ckefavovm;awmY rod/a'gufwm ,OfaoG; r&dyfrdygapESifY[kom

    qkawmif;&awmYonf/

    ]z,f&if*sdKif;(tmacgif eH&Ha&mifNcif; )yJ awGYwmyJ?wdkYrSmtarmufpDpvifawGawmY ygw,f?tJ'g paomufxm;av?n wpfckckqdkvnf; tm;remeJY?ac:cdkif;vdkuf ?odvm;?apmifYawmifapmifYay;csifygw,f?rdef;uav;aqmifqdkawmY raumifvdkY}

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    65/169

    ]&ygNyD q&m&,f?odyfaus;Zl;wifygw,f}

    EG,feDu pdwfyl[efrsufESmNzifY ]iSufzsm;awmY r[kwfygbl;aemfq&m} [k 0ifar;onf/a'gufwm,OfaoG;u NyHK; ]iSufzsm;uNcifudkufNyD; tenf;qHk; wpfywfBumrSpOf;pm;&wm?nDrwdkYu 'DiSufzsm;a'oa&mufwm ESpf&ufyJ&Sdao;wm?b,fNzpfEdkifrvJ][kaNzonf/

    oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufuawmY...

    ]vefYzsm;wmaerSm?reufu ol NyKwfusrvdkYNzpfawmYvefYoGm;ao;w,fav}[k 0ifaNymonf/

    ]aemufwpfESpfcGJ?ESpfESpfqdk&if q&m0efNzpfr,fYoluvefYzsm;qdkwm,Hkovm;?ausmif;rSm vefYzsm;oifvdkYvm;}

    ryef;rSHkyif zsm;aeonfudk arYNyD; aygYyg;pGm &,farmrdonf/

    [kwfyg&JY?aNymwwfvdkufwm/

    *******************

    6 nGwfaNymif;

    wG,fiif&ef roifY[k

    nGwfaysmif;

    wG,fiif&efroifY[k

    6/nGwfaysmif;wG,fiif&ef roifY[k

    (1)

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    66/169

    &efukefNyefa&mufonfESifY ryef;rSHK aq;&Hk wuf&onf/

    tzsm; ruswmuav;om&SdNyD; vlu vef;vef;qef;qef;rdkYaq;&Hkrwufcsif[k ryef;rSHKNiif;rdao;onf/txufwef;ausmif;olb0uwnf;u ryef;rSHKudkcspf tNrJprf;oyfcr,lbJ ukoay;cJY&mrS aq;ausmif;olNzpfvmawmYygqufapmifYa&Smufay;ae ta':t&if;ozG,fNzpfaeNyDNzpfaom yxrvufaxmuform;awmfu]tzsm;ruswmom r[kwfbl; orD;?orD; BunfY&wm odyf]awmufppf}(nSdK;EGrf;acsmufcsm; )NzpfvGef;w,f?tefwD tdrfrSmxm;&rSm pdwfrcsbl;}[k qdkwm twif; aq;&Hkwifonf/

    wuf&awmY BunfYOD;/ryef;rSHK aq;vufawGYqif;ae&onfY &efukeftaemufydkif;NynfolYaq;&HkBuD;wGif yifNzpfonf/rBumao;cifurS onfvlemawGBum;xJrSmNzwfavQmufprf;oyfaecJYNyD; ,ck olwdkYBum;xJrSm vlemtNzpf oGm;vJavsmif;ae&rnfrSm pdwfxJrSm&Sufp&mvdkvdk/

    onfBum;xJrSm a'gufwm,OfaoG;u owif;vmar;ao;onf/ryef;rSHKu

    vlemckwifay: wGif yufvufvJavsmif;ae&pOf a'gufwm,OfaoG;u ab;rSopfom;cHkuav;ESifYxdkif pum;aNymaeonfudk em;axmif&onfrSm ryef;rSHKpdwfxJwGifrvHkrvJ?vHkcsnfatmufem;p aNcovHk;txd vdyfwufaeonfudkyJ atmufenf;enf;vSrf;qGJcs&rvdkvdk?cg;wGifxbDroyffr&yfNzpfaeonfudkyJ Nyif0wf&rvdkvdk?bavmufpftustay:qHk;Bu,foD;NyKwfaeonfudkyJ uref;uwef;Nyefwyf&rSmvdkvdk/

    bmyJNzpfNzpf a'gufwm,OfaoG;u tpfudkBuD; tBuD;qHK;utoufodyfuGmaom nDruav; taxG;qHk;uav;udk cspfcifpGm NyHK;Nyaom tNyHK;rsdK;ESifY ]ylwif;awmY pm;vdkY&w,f r[kwfvm;?wdkYem;uqdkifaumif;w,fqdkvdkY 0,fvmcJYwm}[k aNymawmY 101 'D*&Dzm&if[dkuf &Sdaeaom tzsm;u BuufaysmufiSufaysmuf

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    67/169

    aysmufovdkNzpfNyD; acR;awGNyefvmNyefonf/

    ]odyfBunfEl;raeeJY oli,fcsif;?igBum;zl;wmu eiYf udka&TaoG;BuD;uoleJYodwJY rdef;uav;wpfa,mufa,muf aq;&Hkwuf&NyDqdkwm Bum;wmeJYoloGm;owif;rar;zl;wm wpfcgrSr&Sdbl;wJY}

    a'gufwm,OfaoG; NyefNyD;aemuf twlvmtdyfapmifYaom oli,fcsif;uceJYpum;qdkawmYryef;rSHKu rsufapmif;xdk;onf/

    ]BunfEl;vufpuav;eJY qufBunfYEl;yg&ap[m?eifu bmawG

    0ifremvdkNzpfae&wmvJ}]remvdkNzpfaewm r[kwfbl;a[Y?igYoli,fcsif;t&if;BuD;uHqdk;oGm;rSmpdk;vdkY vdkufowday;ae&wm}

    ]b,fvdk uHqdk;oGm;&rSmvJ}

    ][JY..olYcspfola[mif;awGvdkav[m?eif olYudk cspfaewmom olod?olcspfol NzpfroGm;bJ

    raebl;?NyD;awmY wpfaeYus&if t&ifrdef;uav;awGvdkYyJolYpGefYypfcHawGpm&if;xJ ygoGm;OD;rSmyJ?igwdkYu igwdkYoli,fcsif;udkynmvnf;awmf?&kyfvnf;vS?xufxufNr ufNrufuvnf;&SdawmY 'Db0rsdK;awmY ta&mufrcHEdkifbl;}

    ryef;rSHK rsufESmuav; ai;ai;idkifidkifNzpfoGm;onf/

    ]oYlcspfola[mif;awGu igYxufpm&if uHaumif;ygw,f[}

    oli,fcsif;ruav;u rsufvHk;NyL; &ifbwfudkvufESifYzd&if; bk&m;a&}[kNrnf;wrf;onf/

    ][kwfw,f[?tenf;qHk; olwdkYu olwdkYcspfaewmudkolodatmifzGifYaNymcGifY&vdkufBuao;w,f?olYcspfolb0vnf; &cJYBuzl;ao;w,f?igYrSmom tJovdk b0rsdK;udkcPNzpfNzpf &zl;

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    68/169

    zdkY&m arQmfvifYcsufr&Sdoavmuf Nzpfaewm}

    oli,fcsif;rauv;u pdwfysufvufysuf acgif;cg&if;....

    ]oGm;NyD yef;rSHK&,f?eif wu,f&l;aeNyD?oGufoGufcgatmifudk&l;aewm}[k nnf;wGm;avonf/

    (2)

    rsufESmuav;uvnf; tef;vdkY/

    b,fbuf&ifbwfuvnf; azmif;azmif;av;/tonf;uawmY awmfawmfBuD;onf/

    a'gufwm,OfaoG; ESvHk;ckefNrefvmonf/[kwfaeNyDESifY

    wlyg&JY/pmxJrSmom zwfzl;NyD; tNyifwGif wpfcgrS udk,fwdkifrNrif rawGYzl;ao;onfYa&m*gwpfckudkazmfxkwfcGifY&awmYrnf[lonfY tawG;NzifY pdwfvSKyf&Sm;vmonf/wpfzufuvnf;toufudkzkwfvSdKuf zkwfvSdKKufrem;wrf; tm;pdkuf&SKae&onfY touf&SpfESpft&G,fuav;i,f\rsufESmESifY tvGefpdk;&drfaeBuaom rdbESpfa,muf\ rsufESmudkBunfY&if; oem;rd olxifwmrrSefbJ vGJygap[kvnf; qkawmif;csifcsif/

    ]yD;tD;trf(tm[m&csdKYwJYvGef azmNcif; )vm;a[Y armif,Ofav;}

    aemufu q&mausmfYtoHBum;& vSnfYBunfYawmYxrif;bl;udkif&yfaeaom q&mausmfudk Nrif&onf/vufuem&Dudk iJYBunfYawmY naeapmif; 8 em&D/

    [kwfom;yJ?,ckrSyJ Adkuftenf;i,fqmaeNyDqdkwmudk owd&rdonf/

    ]armaew,f q&mausmf&JY/yDtD;trfrxifbl;?y,f&Dum;'D,m;,JtDzsL;&Sif;(ESvHk;z Hk;taNrS;twGif; a&0ifNcif; )vm;vdkY}

    q&mausmfu xrif;bl;udk a'gufwm,OfaoG;\ pm;yGJwGifcs uav;udkckwifqD csDvmcJYapNyD aNcqHk;acgif;qHk;

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    69/169

    prf;oyfonf/NyD;awmYa'gufwm,OfaoG;udk vSnfY vufraxmifNyonf/

    ]awmfw,fa[Y nD?rif;"mwfrSeftm;csif;awmif;xm;?ig cGJpdwf 1oGm;r,f?q&mBuD; olYtaqmifu vlemvmBunfY&if; a&mufaew,faNymw,f?ck[mucsufcsif;azmufrS uav;toufudk u,fEdkifrSm?igvnf; razmufzl;bl;?rif;vnf; azmufzl;rSmr[kwfbl;?q&mBuD;udk ig &atmifac:cJYr,f}

    q&mausmf vHkcsnfcyfwdkwdkNyif0wfNyD; vlemaqmifxJrStaNy;wpfydkif;xGufoGm;ygonf/

    (3)

    uav;ESvHk;zHk;aNrS;udk azmufcsvdkufcsdefwGifawmYolwdkYxifovdk t&nfrQomrubJ Nynfrsm;yg xGufvmygonf/q&mBuD;uwnfNidrfat;aq;aom toHESifY]qufpkyf?&oavmufukefatmifpkyf}[k aNymonf/q&mausmfu Nynfrsm;udkausmufuyfyHkoPef&SdoHrPdcGufuav;xJ oGefcsvdkufNyD;xyfpkyfonf/a'gufwm,OfaoG;uuav;udk olemNyKq&mruav;eSifY wpfzufpD udkifay;xm;&if;u acR;Nyefaeonf/

    Nynfrsm; ukefoavmuf&SdcdsefwGifawmY q&mBuD;uESvHk;zHk;aNrS;twGif;odkY avNyGefxdk;xnfYaponf/

    ]'grS eufNzef ]tufudk;} (ESvHk;yHk&dyfpuf) &dkuf&if trQifawGb,favmufrsm;rvJ Nrif&r,f?tJ'gawGu q&mwdkY cGJcef;xJrSm &Sif;ay;r,f?rif;wdkY vlem 'DnawmYraoEDkifawmYygbl;?eufNzefom tufudk;awmif;vdkuf}

    [kwfyg&JY/uav;u idkwm toHawmif awmfawmfNyefxGufaeNyD/

    ]wDbDaq;a&m p&awmYrvm; q&mBuD;}

    q&mBuD;u ycHK;wGefYNy...

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    70/169

    ]wDbDaBumifY qdkawmY aocsmaygufBuD;yJ?'gayrJY 9vwdkuf&r,fYaq; n 10em&DrSm tavmwBuD;pvdkY eufNzefoufomrSmrS r[kwfwm?reufNzef 'Dtaqmifu q&m0efBuD;awGvmrSyJ pvnf; twlwlyJ[m}[k qdkonf/

    olwdkYESpfa,mufpvHk; cGJpdwfygarmuBuD;udkaus;Zl;wifav;pm;pGmNzifY taqmifayguf0txd vdkufydkYBuonf/

    ]aeygOD;..rif;wdkYu wpfa,mufu bGJYvGef&NyD;om;?wpfa,mufuwpf0ufusdK;aeNyD?bmvdkYrazmuf&JBuwmvJ?b,fvdkazmufrSmvJ?igar;wkef;uvnf; aNzBuwmrSefae&ufom;eJY}

    ]uRefawmfwdkYu tNyifrSm wpfcgrS rBuHK;zl;vdkYyg q&mBuD;}

    ][kwfNyDav?q&mar;wmuvnf; b,fae&mudk tyfeJYb,fvdkxdk;rSmvJvdkY ar;wm?twdus odae&ufom;eJY wu,fwrf;xdk;&rSmusawmY bmudkaBumufwmvJvdkY ar;wm}

    q&mausmfu a'gufwm,OfaoG;ESifY rsufESmcsif;qdkif?rsufvHk;ESifYwdkifyifNyD;rS]vufvGefNyD;

    ESvHk;udk tyfxdk;rdrSm aBumufwmyg q&mBuD;}[kaNzonf/q&mBuD;u NyHK;onf/

    ]rif;wdkY ESvHk;xJ aq;rxdk;xnfYzl;bl;vm;}

    ]xdk;zl;ygw,f q&mBuD;}

    ]'Dae&muyJ 'DvdkyJ xdk;wmyJ r[kwfvm;}

    ][kwfygw,f}

    ]rif;tyfNyefxkwfawmY ESvHk;u tyfayguf&muaeaoG;awGxGufusvmovm;}

    ]rusygbl; q&mBuD;?BuGufom;eJY ydwfoGm;wmyg}

    ]'gaygYuG...rif;wdkY tckazmuf&if;eJY vufvGefoGm;&if tJovdkyJ

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    71/169

    NyefEkwfvdkuf&if tJovdkyJydwfoGm;rSmaygY}

    ESpfa,mufom; wpfa,mufrsufESm wpfa,mufBunfY ][kwfom;yJ}[koHNydKifa&&GwfrdBuonf/

    cGJpdwfygarmuBuD; avSum;u qif;oGm;wGifawmY avSum;rStavmwBuD; aNy;wufvmaom rdef;uav;ESpfOD;udk awGY&onf/

    [if...'g yef;rSHK&JY oli,fcsif;awGygvm;/

    ][,f...[dkrSm q&maoG;?tawmfyJ}

    wpfOD;u olYudk vufnSdK;vSrf;xdk;&if ESpfOD;pvHk;olYbufvSnfYvmBuonf/

    ]bmNzpfvdkYvJ nDr}

    ]q&m vdkufcJYyg?[dkrSm taemufydkif;aq;&HkrSm yef;rSHK&,fwufvnf;wufaew,f?owdvnf; r&wpfcsuf &wpfcsufeJY}

    bk&m;..bk&m;.../

    acR;apawG NyefaeonfYBum;u tm;wif; olYudkNyHK;Nyae&SmonfYrsufESmvSvSuav;udk zswfceJ Nrifa,mifrdawmY&ifxJu eifYceJcHpm;&onf/

    ]raeYuwif &,fvdkY armvdkY pum;aNymaeao;w,f?b,fvdkNzpfwmvJ?rroufa&m rac:bl;vm;?rroufu aq;&HkxJrSmwif aewm}

    ]tefwD a&mufaeNyD?tefwDudk,fwdkif 'dkif,mZDyefxdk;ay;NyD;rS

    wufwm usoGm;wm?tck tefwDu q&mYudk ac:cdkif;wm}

    ]rroufu}

    &efukeftaemufydkif;aq;&HkBuD;rS yxrvufaxmuform;awmfBuD;uolYudk odonf[kyifrxifxm;aom a'gufwm,OfaoG;wpfa,muf ac:cdkif;vdkufonf

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    72/169

    qdkonfYpum;aBumifYtHYBooGm;onf/

    ]aemufrSar;yg q&m&,f?vdkufcJYyg?yef;rSHKu wufvdkuf?owdNyefvnfvmvdkufNzpfwkef;uowd&wdkif; q&mYudk ar;aevdkY tefwDu tJ'g b,folvJvdkY ar;NyD;ac:cdkif;wm}

    rsufESmwdkYxlyloGm;ovdk ESvHk;om;onfvnf; rD;xdaom csdyfyrmaysmif;nGwfaysmfusoGm;onf/

    q&mausmfu a'gufwm,OfaoG;yvHk;udk ykwfonf/

    ]oGm;..oGm;...armif,Ofav;?'Dn udk,fwpfa,mufwnf; xdef;xm;vdkufr,f?armif&if NyefrvmeJYawmY?[dkrSmyJaevdkuf}

    ]aus;...aus;Zl;yJ q&mausmf}

    (4)

    acR;ap;awGNyefae&if;uyif toufrSefrSef&SL tdyfaysmfaeaomryef;rSHK\ rsufESmEGrf;EGrf;

    vsvsudk &ifeifYpGm ai;armBunfYae&if;ua'gufwm,OfaoG;\ESvHk;om;wpfckonf vSdKif;ykwf'Pf tqufrNywfcHae&if;u aA'gyef;ES,f vl;vdrfYvSKyf&Sm;vsuf&Sdaeonf/ryef;rSHK\rdbESpfOD;wdkYonfvnf; a'gufwm,OfaoG;udk uGufusm;uGufusm;vSnfYBunfYvdkuf?orD;i,f\rsufESmudk ylyefaomua&mufpGm BunfYvdkuf Nzpfaeonf/

    tonf;toef vlemcef;\ tNyifbufwGifvnf; owdk; tygt0if aq;ausmif;om;ausmif;olwdkY renf;vS/

    ]q,f&Db&,f rav;&D;,m;(OD;aESmufxJodkY iSufzsm;ydk;0ifNcif; )rsm;vm; rr&,f}

    rr vufaxmuform;awmf acgif;cgNyonf/

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    73/169

    ]iSufzsm;u q&mwGufovdkyJ tcsdefu vdkaew,f?ppfvnf; ppfNyD;NyD;rawGYbl;?awGYxm;wmu wdkufzdGKufyJqdkawmY tJ'geJYyJ qdkifr,fxifw,f}

    ]wufoGm;ao;w,fqdk?owdvnf; &wpfcsuf r&wpfcsufqdk}

    ]wufw,f?rryJ aq;xkd;csvdkufwm?'gu wdkufzdGKufrSmvnf;ydk;qdyfwuf&if NzpfEdkifwmyJ?NyD;awmY uav;u c&D;yef;wma&m?tdrfu rcGJpzl;cGJoGm;&wkef;zsm;vdkY tm;i,fwma&ma&mNyD; ua,mifacsmufcsm; NzpfcJY[efwlw,f?[dkrSm q&muvnf;*&kpdkufNyKpkcJYawmYolYpdwfxJrSm q&mYudkvnf; awmfawmf tm;udk;cifwG,f[efwlw,f?

    tzsm;vnf; 104?105qdkawmY ua,mifacsmufcsm; olYudk,fol &efukefNyefa&mufaewmvnf;arYoGm;vm; rodbl;?q&m q&m yef;rSHKudk u,fygOD; q&m&,feJY waewm?tJ'geJYrrvnf; tusdK;taBumif; ar;BunfYawmY q&mvdkY aNymNyBuwmeJYvdkuf&Smac:cdkif;vdkufwm}

    &ifeifYonfYBum;u &Suf&GYHpGm oufNyif;csrdonf/

    ]aus;Zl;ygyJ rr&,f?'Duav;eJYu [dk;e,frSm olYtbGm;aeraumif;wmukay;zl;uwnf;ucifaewmyg}

    ryef;rSHK\ rdcifBuD;vnf; vSKyfvSKyf&Sm;&Sm;NzpfvmNyD; ]q&mYtaBumif;awGawmY orD; aNymNyzl;ygw,f q&m&,f?vlom ckrSNrifzl;wm?uRefr orD;av;udk 'DnawmYapmifYBunfYay;ygOD;aemf}[k aNymonf/zcifNzpfoluawmY raewwf rxdkifwwf[efNzifY ]rif;uuGm?olu

    uav;txl;ukq&m0efOpm?*sLwDvnf; wef;vef;BuD;eJY?'DrSmvnf;rroufudk,fwdkifapmifYBunfYay;aewm}[k 0ifaNymonf/

    ]&ygw,f cifAsm?uRefawmf cGifYwdkifcJYygNyD?'DnawmY uRefawmf'Du nDav;? nDrav;awGeJYtwl apmifYay;ygYr,f?rroufvnf; uRefawmfYudk cdkif;ygaemf}

  • 8/14/2019 Dr Shwe Thway and Ma Pan Hmone

    74/169

    ]cdkif;p&mawmY r&Sdygbl;?uav;u owd&vm&iftif;av..Edk;vm&ifaygY?q&m&Sdaewm ydkkaumif;wmaygY}

    ]pdwfcsyg rr?uRefawmf &Sdygr,f}

    (5)

    reufav;em&DavmufwGif ryef;rSHK Edk;vmonf/xdk;xm;aomaq;rsm;aBumifY ESpfESpfNcdKufNcdKuf tdyfarmuscJYoNzifY nu ol bmNzpfcJYonfudkvHk;0owdr&/tzsm;uvnf; usoGm;oNzifY acgif;u Bunfvifaeonf/

    olem;rvnf